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Tian X, Yin Y, He K, Qiu R, Cong J, Wang Z, Yu H, Chen Z, Chu Y, Ying H, Cui Z. Data-driven estimation of nitric oxide emissions from global soils based on dominant vegetation covers. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:5955-5967. [PMID: 37462298 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Soils are a major source of global nitric oxide (NO) emissions. However, estimates of soil NO emissions have large uncertainties due to limited observations and multifactorial impacts. Here, we mapped global soil NO emissions, integrating 1356 in-situ NO observations from globally distributed sites with high-resolution climate, soil, and management practice data. We then calculated global and national total NO budgets and revealed the contributions of cropland, grassland, and forest to global soil NO emissions at the national level. The results showed that soil NO emissions were explained mainly by N input, water input and soil pH. Total above-soil NO emissions of the three vegetation cover types were 9.4 Tg N year-1 in 2014, including 5.9 Tg N year-1 (1.04, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.09-1.99 kg N ha-1 year-1 ) emitted from forest, 1.7 Tg N year-1 (0.68, 95% CI: 0.10-1.26 kg N ha-1 year-1 ) from grassland, and 1.8 Tg N year-1 (0.98, 95% CI: 0.42-1.53 kg N ha-1 year-1 ) from cropland. Soil NO emissions in approximately 57% of 213 countries surveyed were dominated by forests. Our results provide updated inventories of global and national soil NO emissions based on robust data-driven models. These estimates are critical to guiding the mitigation of soil NO emissions and can be used in combination with biogeochemical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingshuai Tian
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai He
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruonan Qiu
- School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Cong
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huitong Yu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyan Chu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Ying
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenling Cui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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2
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Song W, Liu XY, Houlton BZ, Liu CQ. Isotopic constraints confirm the significant role of microbial nitrogen oxides emissions from the land and ocean environment. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac106. [PMID: 36128454 PMCID: PMC9477198 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen oxides (NOx, the sum of nitric oxide (NO) and N dioxide (NO2)) emissions and deposition have increased markedly over the past several decades, resulting in many adverse outcomes in both terrestrial and oceanic environments. However, because the microbial NOx emissions have been substantially underestimated on the land and unconstrained in the ocean, the global microbial NOx emissions and their importance relative to the known fossil-fuel NOx emissions remain unclear. Here we complied data on stable N isotopes of nitrate in atmospheric particulates over the land and ocean to ground-truth estimates of NOx emissions worldwide. By considering the N isotope effect of NOx transformations to particulate nitrate combined with dominant NOx emissions in the land (coal combustion, oil combustion, biomass burning and microbial N cycle) and ocean (oil combustion, microbial N cycle), we demonstrated that microbial NOx emissions account for 24 ± 4%, 58 ± 3% and 31 ± 12% in the land, ocean and global environment, respectively. Corresponding amounts of microbial NOx emissions in the land (13.6 ± 4.7 Tg N yr−1), ocean (8.8 ± 1.5 Tg N yr−1) and globe (22.5 ± 4.7 Tg N yr−1) are about 0.5, 1.4 and 0.6 times on average those of fossil-fuel NOx emissions in these sectors. Our findings provide empirical constraints on model predictions, revealing significant contributions of the microbial N cycle to regional NOx emissions into the atmospheric system, which is critical information for mitigating strategies, budgeting N deposition and evaluating the effects of atmospheric NOx loading on the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University , Tianjin , 300072 , China
| | - Xue-Yan Liu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University , Tianjin , 300072 , China
| | - Benjamin Z Houlton
- Department of Global Development and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14850 , USA
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University , Tianjin , 300072 , China
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3
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Skowron A, Lee DS, De León RR, Lim LL, Owen B. Greater fuel efficiency is potentially preferable to reducing NO x emissions for aviation's climate impacts. Nat Commun 2021; 12:564. [PMID: 33495470 PMCID: PMC7835228 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aviation emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) alter the composition of the atmosphere, perturbing the greenhouse gases ozone and methane, resulting in positive and negative radiative forcing effects, respectively. In 1981, the International Civil Aviation Organization adopted a first certification standard for the regulation of aircraft engine NOx emissions with subsequent increases in stringency in 1992, 1998, 2004 and 2010 to offset the growth of the environmental impact of air transport, the main motivation being to improve local air quality with the assumed co-benefit of reducing NOx emissions at altitude and therefore their climate impacts. Increased stringency is an ongoing topic of discussion and more stringent standards are usually associated with their beneficial environmental impact. Here we show that this is not necessarily the right direction with respect to reducing the climate impacts of aviation (as opposed to local air quality impacts) because of the tradeoff effects between reducing NOx emissions and increased fuel usage, along with a revised understanding of the radiative forcing effects of methane. Moreover, the predicted lower surface air pollution levels in the future will be beneficial for reducing the climate impact of aviation NOx emissions. Thus, further efforts leading to greater fuel efficiency, and therefore lower CO2 emissions, may be preferable to reducing NOx emissions in terms of aviation's climate impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Skowron
- grid.25627.340000 0001 0790 5329Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - David S. Lee
- grid.25627.340000 0001 0790 5329Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Rubén Rodríguez De León
- grid.25627.340000 0001 0790 5329Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Ling L. Lim
- grid.25627.340000 0001 0790 5329Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Bethan Owen
- grid.25627.340000 0001 0790 5329Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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4
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Weng H, Lin J, Martin R, Millet DB, Jaeglé L, Ridley D, Keller C, Li C, Du M, Meng J. Global high-resolution emissions of soil NO x, sea salt aerosols, and biogenic volatile organic compounds. Sci Data 2020; 7:148. [PMID: 32433468 PMCID: PMC7239948 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-0488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural emissions of air pollutants from the surface play major roles in air quality and climate change. In particular, nitrogen oxides (NOx) emitted from soils contribute ~15% of global NOx emissions, sea salt aerosols are a major player in the climate and chemistry of the marine atmosphere, and biogenic emissions are the dominant source of non-methane volatile organic compounds at the global scale. These natural emissions are often estimated using nonlinear parameterizations, which are sensitive to the horizontal resolutions of inputted meteorological and ancillary data. Here we use the HEMCO model to compute these emissions worldwide at horizontal resolutions of 0.5° lat. × 0.625° lon. for 1980-2017 and 0.25° lat. × 0.3125° lon. for 2014-2017. We further offer the respective emissions at lower resolutions, which can be used to evaluate the impacts of resolution on estimated global and regional emissions. Our long-term high-resolution emission datasets offer useful information to study natural pollution sources and their impacts on air quality, climate, and the carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Weng
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jintai Lin
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Randall Martin
- Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, 63130, MO, USA
| | - Dylan B Millet
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St Paul, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Lyatt Jaeglé
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - David Ridley
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Christoph Keller
- Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | - Chi Li
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Mingxi Du
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jun Meng
- Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, 63130, MO, USA
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5
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Kinetics, mechanism and CH3C(O)CH3 formation in the Cl-initiated oxidation of 1,8-cineole at 298 K and atmospheric pressure. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.136901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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6
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Chutia L, Ojha N, Girach IA, Sahu LK, Alvarado LMA, Burrows JP, Pathak B, Bhuyan PK. Distribution of volatile organic compounds over Indian subcontinent during winter: WRF-chem simulation versus observations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:256-269. [PMID: 31153030 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the distribution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) over Indian subcontinent during a winter month of January 2011 combining the regional model WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry) with ground- and space-based observations and chemical reanalysis. WRF-Chem simulated VOCs are found to be comparable with ground-based observations over contrasting environments of the Indian subcontinent. WRF-Chem results reveal the elevated levels of VOCs (e. g. propane) over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (16 ppbv), followed by the Northeast region (9.1 ppbv) in comparison with other parts of the Indian subcontinent (1.3-8.2 ppbv). Higher relative abundances of propane (27-31%) and ethane (13-17%) are simulated across the Indian subcontinent. WRF-Chem simulated formaldehyde and glyoxal show the western coast, Eastern India and the Indo-Gangetic Plain as the regional hotspots, in a qualitative agreement with the MACC (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate) reanalysis and satellite-based observations. Lower values of RGF (ratio of glyoxal to formaldehyde <0.04) suggest dominant influences of the anthropogenic emissions on the distribution of VOCs over Indian subcontinent, except the northeastern region where higher RGF (∼0.06) indicates the role of biogenic emissions, in addition to anthropogenic emissions. Analysis of HCHO/NO2 ratio shows a NOx-limited ozone production over India, with a NOx-to-VOC transition regime over central India and IGP. The study highlights a need to initiate in situ observations of VOCs over regional hotspots (Northeast, Central India, and the western coast) based on WRF-Chem results, where different satellite-based observations differ significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakhima Chutia
- Centre for Atmospheric Studies, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Narendra Ojha
- Space and Atmospheric Sciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India.
| | - Imran A Girach
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Lokesh K Sahu
- Space and Atmospheric Sciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - John P Burrows
- Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Binita Pathak
- Centre for Atmospheric Studies, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India; Department of Physics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
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7
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Fusé VS, Gere JI, Urteaga D, Juliarena MP, Guzmán SA, Gratton R. Atmospheric Methane Concentration Allows Estimating Natural Gas Leaks in Heating Systems in Tandil, Argentina. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019; 48:762-769. [PMID: 31180426 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2018.05.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Residential use of natural gas (NG) for heating and cooking purposes may contribute significantly to CH emissions to the atmosphere. To analyze whether the NG demand in the city of Tandil, Argentina, contributes to the increase in atmospheric CH concentration, we conducted systematic collections of time-integrated air samples for a year in six city sites with different population and built-up density. Some meteorological parameters and NG consumption were registered. Atmospheric CH concentration ranged from 1.12 to 1.95 mg m (1.72 to 2.84 ppm) with significant seasonal and spatial variations. In all the sites, with the exception of a peri-urban site bordering rural areas, the maximum CH concentrations were measured during the coldest months, with a statistically significant correlation between residential and commercial NG consumption with respect to air temperature ( < 0.001, = -0.84 to -0.69) and atmospheric CH concentration ( < 0.05, = 0.58 to 0.94). In Argentina, the most popular home heating system is the balanced-draft heater, which has a thermal efficiency of 39 to 63%. This low efficiency allows us to attribute the highest atmospheric CH concentration found during the coldest months mainly to the leaks of the heating systems and the greater residential use of NG. Repairing the gas leaks by increasing thermal efficiency or replacing heating systems with more efficient ones will bring economic, environmental, and health benefits. This study is important for our country where the dependence on the use of NG from heating systems is significant.
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8
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Kristensen K, Jensen LN, Glasius M, Bilde M. The effect of sub-zero temperature on the formation and composition of secondary organic aerosol from ozonolysis of alpha-pinene. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2017; 19:1220-1234. [PMID: 28805852 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00231a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a newly constructed temperature controlled cold-room smog chamber at Aarhus University, Denmark. The chamber is herein utilized to study the effect of sub-zero temperature on the formation and chemical composition of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from ozone initiated oxidation of α-pinene. The chemical composition of α-pinene SOA formed from dark ozonolysis of α-pinene at 293 K and 258 K was investigated using High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (HR-ToF-AMS) and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI-qToF-MS). For comparison, an OH-initiated oxidation experiment was performed at 293 K. In ozonolysis experiments it was found that oxygen-to-carbon (O : C) ratios were higher in the particles formed at 293 K compared to 258 K. A total of 16 different organic acids and 30 dimers esters were quantified in the collected particles composing up to 34% of the total α-pinene SOA mass with increased mass fraction of carboxylic acids in particles from α-pinene ozonolysis at 258 K compared to 293 K. In contrast, dimer esters showed suppressed formation at the sub-zero reaction temperature, thus contributing 3% to SOA mass at 258 K while contributing 9% at 293 K. SOA formed in the OH-initiated oxidation of α-pinene at 293 K resulted in low concentrations of dimer esters supporting Criegee intermediates as a possible pathway to dimer ester formation. Vapour pressure estimates of the identified carboxylic acids and dimer esters are presented and show how otherwise semi-volatile carboxylic acids at sufficiently low temperatures may classify as low or even extremely low volatile organic compounds (ELVOC), thus may add to an enhanced particle formation observed at the sub-zero temperature through gas-to-particle conversion. The change in chemical composition of the SOA particles with temperature is ascribed to a combination of effects: the decreased vapour pressures and hence increased condensation of carboxylic acids from the gas phase to the particle phase along with suppressed formation of the high molecular weight dimer esters and different gas and particle phase chemistry results in particles of different chemical composition as a consequence of low reaction temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C., Denmark.
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9
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Zhang X, Gao B, Creamer AE, Cao C, Li Y. Adsorption of VOCs onto engineered carbon materials: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 338:102-123. [PMID: 28535479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 493] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) severely threaten human health and the ecological environment because most of them are toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic. The persistent increase of VOCs together with the stringent regulations make the reduction of VOC emissions more imperative. Up to now, numerous VOC treatment technologies have emerged, such as incineration, condensation, biological degradation, absorption, adsorption, and catalysis oxidation et al. Among them, the adsorption technology has been recognized as an efficient and economical control strategy because it has the potential to recover and reuse both adsorbent and adsorbate. Due to their large specific surface area, rich porous structure, and high adsorption capacity, carbonaceous adsorbents are widely used in gas purification, especially with respect to VOC treatment and recovery. This review discusses recent research developments of VOC adsorption onto a variety of engineered carbonaceous adsorbents, including activated carbon, biochar, activated carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, graphene and its derivatives, carbon-silica composites, ordered mesoporous carbon, etc. The key factors influence the VOC adsorption are analyzed with focuses on the physiochemical characters of adsorbents, properties of adsorbates as well as the adsorption conditions. In addition, the sources, health effect, and abatement methods of VOCs are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Zhang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, 221000, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Shanghai, 200433, PR China; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Anne Elise Creamer
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Chengcheng Cao
- School of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, 221000, PR China
| | - Yuncong Li
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA
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10
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Ou-Yang CF, Liao WC, Wang PC, Fan GJ, Hsiao CC, Chuang MT, Chang CC, Lin NH, Wang JL. Construction of a cryogen-free thermal desorption gas chromatographic system with off-the-shelf components for monitoring ambient volatile organic compounds. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1489-99. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Feng Ou-Yang
- Department of Chemistry; National Central University; Taoyuan Taiwan
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; National Central University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Liao
- Department of Chemistry; National Central University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chieh Wang
- Department of Chemistry; National Central University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Gang-Jei Fan
- Department of Chemistry; National Central University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry; National Central University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tung Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Energy Engineering; National Central University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Chang
- Research Center for Environmental Changes; Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Neng-Huei Lin
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; National Central University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Jia-Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry; National Central University; Taoyuan Taiwan
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11
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Aydin YM, Yaman B, Koca H, Dasdemir O, Kara M, Altiok H, Dumanoglu Y, Bayram A, Tolunay D, Odabasi M, Elbir T. Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from forested areas in Turkey: determination of specific emission rates for thirty-one tree species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 490:239-53. [PMID: 24858222 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Normalized biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission rates for thirty one tree species that cover the 98% of national forested areas in Turkey were determined. Field samplings were performed at fourteen different forested areas in Turkey using a specific dynamic enclosure system. The selected branches of tree species were enclosed in a chamber consisted of a transparent Nalofan bag. The air-flows were sampled from both inlet and outlet of the chamber by Tenax-filled sorbent tubes during photosynthesis of trees under the presence of sunlight. Several environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, photosynthetically active radiation-PAR, and CO2) were continuously monitored inside and outside the enclosure chamber during the samplings. Collected samples were analyzed using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system equipped with a thermal desorber (TD). Sixty five BVOCs classified in five major groups (isoprene, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, oxygenated sesquiterpenes, and other oxygenated compounds) were analyzed. Emission rates were determined by normalization to standard conditions (1000 μmol/m(2)s PAR and 30 °C temperature for isoprene and 30 °C temperature for the remaining compounds). In agreement with the literature, isoprene was mostly emitted by broad-leaved trees while coniferous species mainly emitted monoterpenes. Several tree species such as Sweet Chestnut, Silver Lime, and European Alder had higher monoterpene emissions although they are broad-leaved species. High isoprene emissions were also observed for a few coniferous species such as Nordmann Fir and Oriental Spruce. The highest normalized total BVOC emission rate of 27.1 μg/gh was observed for Oriental Plane while South European Flowering Ash was the weakest BVOC emitter with a total normalized emission rate of 0.031 μg/gh. Monoterpene emissions of broad-leaved species mainly consisted of sabinene, limonene and trans-beta-ocimene, while alpha-pinene, beta-pinene and beta-myrcene were generally emitted by coniferous species. Oxygenated compounds were the third most prominent BVOC group and sesquiterpenes had slightly lower contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Meltem Aydin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Baris Yaman
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Husnu Koca
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Okan Dasdemir
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Melik Kara
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hasan Altiok
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yetkin Dumanoglu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Bayram
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Doganay Tolunay
- Department of Soil Science and Ecology, Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University, Bahcekoy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Odabasi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tolga Elbir
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, Buca, Izmir, Turkey.
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12
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Wells KC, Millet DB, Cady-Pereira KE, Shephard MW, Henze DK, Bousserez N, Apel EC, de Gouw J, Warneke C, Singh HB. Quantifying global terrestrial methanol emissions using observations from the TES satellite sensor. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2014; 14:2555-2570. [PMID: 33758587 PMCID: PMC7983851 DOI: 10.5194/acp-14-2555-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We employ new global space-based measurements of atmospheric methanol from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) with the adjoint of the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to quantify terrestrial emissions of methanol to the atmosphere. Biogenic methanol emissions in the model are based on version 2.1 of the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGANv2.1), using leaf area data from NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and GEOS-5 assimilated meteorological fields. We first carry out a pseudo observation test to validate the overall approach, and find that the TES sampling density is sufficient to accurately quantify regional- to continental-scale methanol emissions using this method. A global inversion of two years of TES data yields an optimized annual global surface flux of 122 Tg yr-1 (including biogenic, pyrogenic, and anthropogenic sources), an increase of 60 % from the a priori global flux of 76 Tg yr-1. Global terrestrial methanol emissions are thus nearly 25 % those of isoprene (~540 Tg yr-1), and are comparable to the combined emissions of all anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (~100-200 Tg yr-1). Our a posteriori terrestrial methanol source leads to a strong improvement of the simulation relative to an ensemble of airborne observations, and corroborates two other recent top-down estimates (114-120 Tg yr-1) derived using in situ and space-based measurements. Inversions testing the sensitivity of optimized fluxes to model errors in OH, dry deposition, and oceanic uptake of methanol, as well as to the assumed a priori constraint, lead to global fluxes ranging from 118 to 126 Tg yr-1. The TES data imply a relatively modest revision of model emissions over most of the tropics, but a significant upward revision in midlatitudes, particularly over Europe and North America. We interpret the inversion results in terms of specific source types using the methanol : CO correlations measured by TES, and find that biogenic emissions are overestimated relative to biomass burning and anthropogenic emissions in central Africa and southeastern China, while they are underestimated in regions such as Brazil and the US. Based on our optimized emissions, methanol accounts for > 25 % of the photochemical source of CO and HCHO over many parts of the northern extratropics during springtime, and contributes ~6 % of the global secondary source of those compounds annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Wells
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - D. B. Millet
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - K. E. Cady-Pereira
- Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - D. K. Henze
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - N. Bousserez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - E. C. Apel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division, NCAR, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - J. de Gouw
- Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - C. Warneke
- Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - H. B. Singh
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
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Sheng L, Cao M, Chen J, Fang W, Li Y, Ge S, Shan X, Liu F, Zhao Y, Zhenya Wang ZW. Dissociative photoionization of β-pinene: an experimental and theoretical study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2014; 20:419-428. [PMID: 25905866 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the photoionization and dissociation photoionization of the β-pinene molecular using time-of-flight mass spectrometry with a tunable vacuum ultraviolet source in the region from 8.00eV to 15.50eV. The experimental ionization energy (IE) value is 8.60eV using electron impact as the ionization source which is not in good agreement with theoretical value (8.41 eV) with a G3MP2 method. We obtained the accurate IE of β-pinene (8.45 ± 0.03eV) derived from the efficiency spectrum which is in good agreement with the theoretical value (8.38eV) of the CBS-QB3 method. We elucidated the dissociation pathways of primary fragment ions from the β-pinene cation on the basis of experimental observations in combination with theoretical calculations. Most of the dissociation pathways occur via a rearrangement reaction prior to dissociation. We also determined the structures of the transition states and intermediates for those isomerization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liusi Sheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029, China..
| | - Maoqi Cao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029, China..
| | - Wenzhen Fang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029, China. Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.
| | - Yuquan Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029, China.
| | - Shaolin Ge
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029, China.
| | - Xiaobin Shan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029, China.
| | - Fuyi Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029, China.
| | - Yujie Zhao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029, China. School of Nuclear Engineering and Geophysics, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China.
| | - Zhenya Wang Zhenya Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Spectroscopy, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
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Han KM, Park RS, Kim HK, Woo JH, Kim J, Song CH. Uncertainty in biogenic isoprene emissions and its impacts on tropospheric chemistry in East Asia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 463-464:754-771. [PMID: 23867846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the accuracy of biogenic isoprene emission fluxes over East Asia during two summer months (July and August) was examined by comparing two tropospheric HCHO columns (ΩHCHO) obtained from the SCIAMACHY sensor and the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ v4.7.1) model simulations, using three available biogenic isoprene emission inventories over East Asia: i) GEIA, ii) MEGAN and iii) MOHYCAN. From this comparative analysis, the tropospheric HCHO columns from the CMAQ model simulations, using the MEGAN and MOHYCAN emission inventories (Ω(CMAQ, MEGAN) and Ω(CMAQ, MOHYCAN)), were found to agree well with the tropospheric HCHO columns from the SCIAMACHY observations (Ω(SCIA)). Secondly, the propagation of such uncertainties in the biogenic isoprene emission fluxes to the levels of atmospheric oxidants (e.g., OH and HO2) and other atmospheric gaseous/particulate species over East Asia during the two summer months was also investigated. As the biogenic isoprene emission fluxes decreased from the GEIA to the MEGAN emission inventories, the levels of OH radicals increased by factors of 1.39 and 1.75 over Central East China (CEC) and South China, respectively. Such increases in the OH radical mixing ratios subsequently influence the partitioning of HO(y) species. For example, the HO2/OH ratios from the CMAQ model simulations with GEIA isoprene emissions were 2.7 times larger than those from the CMAQ model simulations based on MEGAN isoprene emissions. The large HO2/OH ratios from the CMAQ model simulations with the GEIA biogenic emission were possibly due to the overestimation of GEIA biogenic isoprene emissions over East Asia. It was also shown that such large changes in HO(x) radicals created large differences on other tropospheric compounds (e.g., NO(y) chemistry) over East Asia during the summer months.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea; Advanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center (ADEMRC), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
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15
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Lee SY, Oh HY, Kim OB. Isolation and Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds-Degrading <i>Bacillus</i> Strains from Loess. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jep.2013.44a007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Qi L, Nakao S, Cocker DR. Aging of secondary organic aerosol from alpha-pinene ozonolysis: roles of hydroxyl and nitrate radicals. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2012; 62:1359-1369. [PMID: 23362755 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2012.712082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This work investigates the oxidative aging of preformed secondary organic aerosol (SOA) derived from alpha-pinene ozonolysis (-100 ppb(v) hydrocarbon [HC(x)] with excess of O3) within the University of California-Riverside Center for Environmental Research and Technology environmental chamber that occurs after introduction of additional hydroxyl (OH) and nitrate (NO3) radicals. Simultaneous measurements of SOA volume concentration, hygroscopicity, particle density, and elemental chemical composition (C:O:H) reveal increased particle wall-loss-corrected SOA formation (1.5%, 7.5%, and 15.1%), increase in oxygen-to-carbon ratio (O/C; 15.6%, 8.7%, and 8.7%), and hydrophilicity (4.2%, 7.4%, and 1.4%) after addition of NO (ultraviolet [UV] on), H2O2 (UV(on)), and N2O5 (dark), respectively. The processing observed as an increase in O/C and hydrophilicity is attributed to OH and NO3 reactions with first-generation vapor products and UV photolysis. The rate of increase in O/C appears to be only sufficient to achieve semivolatile oxygenated organic aerosol (SV-OOA) on a day time scale even at the raised chamber radical concentrations. The additional processing with UV irradiation without addition of NO, H2O2, or N2O5 is observed, adding 5.5% wall-loss-corrected volume. The photolysis-only processing is attributed to additional OH generated from photolysis of the nitrous acid (HONO) offgasing from chamber walls. This finding indicates that OH and NO3 radicals can further alter the chemical composition of SOA from alpha-pinene ozonolysis, which is proved to consist of first-generation products. IMPLICATIONS Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) may undergo aging processes once formed in the atmosphere, thereby altering the physicochemical and toxic properties of aerosol. This study discusses SOA aging of a major biogenic volatile organic compound (VOC; alpha-pinene) after it initially forms SOA. Aging of the alpha-pinene ozonolysis system by OH (through NO or H2O2 injection), NO3 (through N2O5 injection), and photolysis is observed. Although the reaction rate appears to be only sufficient to achieve semivolatile oxygenated organic aerosol (SV-OOA) level of oxygenation on a 1-day scale, it is important that SOA aging be considered in ambient air quality models. Aging in this study is attributed to further oxidation of gas-phase oxidation products of alpha-pinene ozonolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), University of California, Riverside, California, USA.
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Whalley L, Stone D, Heard D. New Insights into the Tropospheric Oxidation of Isoprene: Combining Field Measurements, Laboratory Studies, Chemical Modelling and Quantum Theory. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 339:55-95. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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18
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Fang W, Gong L, Shan X, Zhao Y, Liu F, Wang Z, Sheng L. Photoionization and dissociation of the monoterpene limonene: mass spectrometric and computational investigation. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2011; 46:1152-1159. [PMID: 22124987 DOI: 10.1002/jms.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The photoionization of the monoterpene limonene has been studied using tunable vacuum ultraviolet synchrotron radiation in the region from the threshold for ionization of the parent molecule up to 15.5 eV. The adiabatic ionization energy of limonene is derived from photoionization efficiency spectrum and found to be 8.27 eV, compared with the density functional theory calculations which yields a value of 8.08 eV (B3LYP/6-311++G). Primary dissociation pathways of the parent molecule ions are investigated by experimental observations and theoretical calculations. Most of the fragmentation channels occur via a rearrangement reaction prior to dissociation. Transition structures and intermediates for those isomerization processes are also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Fang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
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Gensch I, Laumer W, Stein O, Kammer B, Hohaus T, Saathoff H, Wegener R, Wahner A, Kiendler-Scharr A. Temperature dependence of the kinetic isotope effect inβ-pinene ozonolysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ceacero-Vega AA, Ballesteros B, Bejan I, Barnes I, Albaladejo J. Daytime Reactions of 1,8-Cineole in the Troposphere. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:2145-54. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Bousquet P, Yver C, Pison I, Li YS, Fortems A, Hauglustaine D, Szopa S, Rayner PJ, Novelli P, Langenfelds R, Steele P, Ramonet M, Schmidt M, Foster P, Morfopoulos C, Ciais P. A three-dimensional synthesis inversion of the molecular hydrogen cycle: Sources and sinks budget and implications for the soil uptake. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Deushi M, Shibata K. Development of a Meteorological Research Institute Chemistry-Climate Model version 2 for the Study of Tropospheric and Stratospheric Chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2467/mripapers.62.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Kansal A. Sources and reactivity of NMHCs and VOCs in the atmosphere: a review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 166:17-26. [PMID: 19136203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2008] [Revised: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important species present in the environment, which results in alteration of the chemistry of atmosphere. On the global scale natural emissions of NMHCs and VOCs exceed anthropogenic emissions, although anthropogenic sources usually dominate within urban areas. Among the natural sources, vegetation is the dominant source. Oceanic and microbial production of these species is minimal as compared to other sources of input. Isoprene and terpenes are main species of NMHCs which are emitted from plants as a protective mechanism against temperature stress tolerance and protection from ravages of insects and pests. The major anthropogenic sources for NMHCs emissions are biomass burning and transportation. NMHCs play a significant role in ozone (O(3)) production in the presence of adequate concentration of oxides of nitrogen in the atmosphere. The production of O(3) is based on Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR) of NMHCS and VOCs. The compound's MIR multiplied by molecular weight gives Relative Ozone Productivity (ROPi). To check the reliability of current methods of measuring the NMHCs the Nonmethane Hydrocarbon Inter-comparison Experiment (NMHICE) had been designed. The sample of known composition and unknown concentration of different hydrocarbons was supplied to different laboratories worldwide and less than 50% laboratories correctly separated the unknown mixture. Atmospheric scientists throughout the world are evaluating current analytical methods being employed and are trying to correct the problems to ensure quality control in hydrocarbon analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Kansal
- Uttarakhand Environment Protection and Pollution Control Board, E-115 Nehru Colony, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
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Dupont R, Butterbach-Bahl K, Delon C, Bruggemann N, Serça D. Neural network treatment of 4 years long NO measurement in temperate spruce and beech forests. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jg000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Dupont
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie; Centre National de Recherche Scientifique/Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - K. Butterbach-Bahl
- Karlsruhe Research Center, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research; (IMK-IFU); Garmisch-Partenkirchen Germany
| | - C. Delon
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie; Centre National de Recherche Scientifique/Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - N. Bruggemann
- Karlsruhe Research Center, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research; (IMK-IFU); Garmisch-Partenkirchen Germany
| | - D. Serça
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie; Centre National de Recherche Scientifique/Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
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Heald CL, Henze DK, Horowitz LW, Feddema J, Lamarque JF, Guenther A, Hess PG, Vitt F, Seinfeld JH, Goldstein AH, Fung I. Predicted change in global secondary organic aerosol concentrations in response to future climate, emissions, and land use change. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. L. Heald
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - D. K. Henze
- Department of Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - L. W. Horowitz
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory; NOAA; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - J. Feddema
- Department of Geography; University of Kansas; Lawrence Kansas USA
| | - J.-F. Lamarque
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. Guenther
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. G. Hess
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - F. Vitt
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. H. Seinfeld
- Department of Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - A. H. Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - I. Fung
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
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Bao H, Kondo A, Kaga A, Tada M, Sakaguti K, Inoue Y, Shimoda Y, Narumi D, Machimura T. Biogenic volatile organic compound emission potential of forests and paddy fields in the Kinki region of Japan. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2008; 106:156-169. [PMID: 18023428 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2007.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Revised: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 09/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The standard biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from 10 Japanese plant species (Quercus serrata, Quercus crispula, Fagus crenata, Quercus acutissima Carruthers, Quercus glauca, Quercus myrsinaefolia, Cryptomeria japonica, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Pinus densiflora, and rice [Oryza sativa]) were measured. These species were selected due to their abundance in the estimated domain (47,000 km(2)) of the Kinki region. BVOC emission experiments were conducted in a growth chamber where temperature and light intensity can be controlled. Temperature was set at the average summer temperature in Osaka and at 5 degrees C above average. Light intensity was set at 1000, 335, and 0 micromol m(-2)s(-1) during day time. The amount of BVOC emission was high around noon due to the rise of ambient temperature. It was also found that the total emission rates and compositions of BVOC varied significantly among the plant species. Q. serrata, Q. crispula, F. crenata, Q. acutissima Carruthers, Q. glauca, and Q. myrsinaefolia emitted isoprene and showed emission dependence on light intensity and temperature. C. japonica, P. densiflora, C. obtusa, and O. sativa emitted monoterpenes and also showed emission dependence on temperature; however, only C. japonica and P. densiflora showed emission dependence on light intensity. Using BVOC emissions data from 10 plant species and forest data, BVOC emission potential maps were made. The emission of isoprene and monoterpenes from the Kinki region were estimated to be 596 and 54 ton h(-1), respectively. Seasonal and diurnal variations of BVOC emissions potential were also estimated. Of note, though the amount of monoterpenes from O. sativa is small, it contributes approximately 5% to the total monoterpene emissions due to the huge land area covered by paddy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Bao
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Millet DB, Jacob DJ, Boersma KF, Fu TM, Kurosu TP, Chance K, Heald CL, Guenther A. Spatial distribution of isoprene emissions from North America derived from formaldehyde column measurements by the OMI satellite sensor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ma Y, Marston G. Multifunctional acid formation from the gas-phase ozonolysis of β-pinene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:6115-26. [DOI: 10.1039/b807863g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ito A, Sudo K, Akimoto H, Sillman S, Penner JE. Global modeling analysis of tropospheric ozone and its radiative forcing from biomass burning emissions in the twentieth century. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Stein O, Rudolph J. Modeling and interpretation of stable carbon isotope ratios of ethane in global chemical transport models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Horowitz LW, Fiore AM, Milly GP, Cohen RC, Perring A, Wooldridge PJ, Hess PG, Emmons LK, Lamarque JF. Observational constraints on the chemistry of isoprene nitrates over the eastern United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Simon V, Dumergues L, Ponche JL, Torres L. The biogenic volatile organic compounds emission inventory in France: application to plant ecosystems in the Berre-Marseilles area (France). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2006; 372:164-82. [PMID: 17011024 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Revised: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
An inventory describing the fluxes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), isoprene and monoterpenes, and other VOCs (OVOCs) from the biosphere to the atmosphere, has been constructed within the framework of the ESCOMPTE project (fiEld experimentS to COnstrain Models of atmospheric Pollution and Transport of Emissions). The area concerned, located around Berre-Marseilles, is a Mediterranean region frequently subject to high ozone concentrations. The inventory has been developed using a fine scale land use database for the year 1999, forest composition statistics, emission potentials from individual plant species, biomass distribution, temperature and light intensity. The seasonal variations in emission potentials and biomass were also taken into account. Hourly meteorological data for 1999 were calculated from ALADIN data and these were used to predict the hourly isoprene, monoterpene and OVOC fluxes for the area on a 1 kmx1 km spatial grid. Estimates of annual biogenic isoprene, monoterpene and OVOC fluxes for the reference year 1999 were 20.6, 38.9 and 13.3 kt, respectively, Quercus pubescens, Quercus ilex, Pinus halepensis and garrigue vegetation are the dominant emitting species of the area. VOC emissions from vegetation in this region contribute approximately 94% to the NMVOC (non-methane volatile organic compounds) of natural origin and are of the same order of magnitude as NMVOC emissions from anthropogenic sources. These results complete the global ESCOMPTE database needed to make an efficient strategy for tropospheric ozone reduction policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Simon
- Laboratoire Chimie Energie et Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Ingénieurs en Arts Chimiques et Technologiques de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex, France.
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Horowitz LW. Past, present, and future concentrations of tropospheric ozone and aerosols: Methodology, ozone evaluation, and sensitivity to aerosol wet removal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gamnitzer U, Karstens U, Kromer B, Neubert REM, Meijer HAJ, Schroeder H, Levin I. Carbon monoxide: A quantitative tracer for fossil fuel CO2? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kos G, Ariya PA. Determination of a wide range of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds in snow by use of solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME). Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 385:57-66. [PMID: 16544130 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Quantification and transformation of organic compounds are pivotal in understanding atmospheric processes, because such compounds contribute to the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere and drive climate change. It has recently been recognized that chemical reactions in snow play a role in the production or destruction of photolabile volatile organic compounds (VOC). We present an environmentally friendly method for determination of VOC and semi-VOC in snow collected at three sites-remote, urban, and (sub-)arctic. A solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) procedure was developed and (semi-)VOC were identified by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS). A broad spectrum of (semi-)VOC was found in snow samples, including aldehydes, and aromatic and halogenated compounds. Quantification was performed for 12 aromatic and/or oxygenated compounds frequently observed in snow by use of neat standard solutions. The concentrations detected were between 0.12 (styrene and ethylbenzene) and 316 microg L(-1) (toluene) and limits of detection varied between 0.11 (styrene) and 1.93 microg L(-1) (benzaldehyde). These results indicate that the SPME technique presented is a broad but selective, versatile, solvent-free, ecological, economical, and facile method of analysis for (semi-)VOC in natural snow samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Kos
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 2K6, Canada.
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36
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Rivier L, Ciais P, Hauglustaine DA, Bakwin P, Bousquet P, Peylin P, Klonecki A. Evaluation of SF6, C2Cl4, and CO to approximate fossil fuel CO2in the Northern Hemisphere using a chemistry transport model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stavrakou T, Müller JF. Grid-based versus big region approach for inverting CO emissions using Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Schrader W. Atmosphäre - ein chemischer Reaktor: Bildungsmechanismus sekundärer organischer Aerosole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Schrader W. Atmosphere, a Chemical Reactor?Formation Pathways of Secondary Organic Aerosols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:1444-6. [PMID: 15724253 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200461611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Schrader
- Max Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser Wilhelm Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany.
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Shim C, Wang Y, Choi Y, Palmer PI, Abbot DS, Chance K. Constraining global isoprene emissions with Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) formaldehyde column measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Tao Z, Jain AK. Modeling of global biogenic emissions for key indirect greenhouse gases and their response to atmospheric CO2increases and changes in land cover and climate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Ming Y, Ramaswamy V, Ginoux PA, Horowitz LH. Direct radiative forcing of anthropogenic organic aerosol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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Cosme E. Origin of dimethylsulfide, non-sea-salt sulfate, and methanesulfonic acid in eastern Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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44
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Isaksen ISA. Tropospheric ozone changes at unpolluted and semipolluted regions induced by stratospheric ozone changes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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45
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Benkovitz CM, Schwartz SE, Jensen MP, Miller MA, Easter RC, Bates TS. Modeling atmospheric sulfur over the Northern Hemisphere during the Aerosol Characterization Experiment 2 experimental period. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael P. Jensen
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics; Columbia University; New York USA
| | | | - R. C. Easter
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland Washington USA
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46
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Jaeglé L, Martin RV, Chance K, Steinberger L, Kurosu TP, Jacob DJ, Modi AI, Yoboué V, Sigha-Nkamdjou L, Galy-Lacaux C. Satellite mapping of rain-induced nitric oxide emissions from soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Jaeglé
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - R. V. Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - K. Chance
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - L. Steinberger
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - T. P. Kurosu
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - D. J. Jacob
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - A. I. Modi
- Département de Physique, Ecole Normale Supérieure; University Abdou Moumouny of Niamey; Niamey Niger
| | - V. Yoboué
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Atmosphère; Université de Cocody; Abidjan, Ivory Coast Africa
| | | | - C. Galy-Lacaux
- Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées; Laboratoire d'Aérologie; Toulouse France
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47
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Sloth † M, Bilde ‡ M, Mikkelsen * KV. Interaction energies between aerosol precursors formed in the photo-oxidation of α-pinene. Mol Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970412331317805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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48
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Goldstein AH, Millet DB, McKay M, Jaeglé L, Horowitz L, Cooper O, Hudman R, Jacob DJ, Oltmans S, Clarke A. Impact of Asian emissions on observations at Trinidad Head, California, during ITCT 2K2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allen H. Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - Dylan B. Millet
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - Megan McKay
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - Lyatt Jaeglé
- Department of Atmospheric Science; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - Larry Horowitz
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - Owen Cooper
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Rynda Hudman
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Daniel J. Jacob
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Sam Oltmans
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Andrew Clarke
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
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Hauglustaine DA, Hourdin F, Jourdain L, Filiberti MA, Walters S, Lamarque JF, Holland EA. Interactive chemistry in the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique general circulation model: Description and background tropospheric chemistry evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Hauglustaine
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement; Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - F. Hourdin
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Université de Paris 6; Paris France
| | - L. Jourdain
- Service d'Aéronomie, Université de Paris 6; Paris France
| | - M.-A. Filiberti
- Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Université de Paris 6; Paris France
| | - S. Walters
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J.-F. Lamarque
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. A. Holland
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
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50
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Wong S. A global climate-chemistry model study of present-day tropospheric chemistry and radiative forcing from changes in tropospheric O3since the preindustrial period. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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