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Mederos-Luis E, Poza-Guedes P, Pineda F, Sánchez-Machín I, González-Pérez R. Gastropod Allergy: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5950-5964. [PMID: 38921026 PMCID: PMC11202862 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Food allergies have increased significantly in recent decades, with shellfish being a leading cause of food allergy and anaphylaxis worldwide, affecting both children and adults. The prevalence of shellfish allergies is estimated to be approximately 0.5-2.5% of the general population, varying significantly by geographical location, age, and consumption habits. Although mollusk consumption has risen, the prevalence of mollusk allergies remains unknown. While extensive research has focused on crustacean allergies, mollusk allergies, particularly those related to gastropods, have received comparatively less attention. Clinical manifestations of shellfish allergy range from localized symptoms to life-threatening systemic reactions, such as anaphylaxis. Notably, severe bronchospasm is a predominant clinical feature in cases involving gastropods. Several allergens have been identified in mollusks, including paramyosin, tropomyosin, and sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein. In gastropods, documented allergens include tropomyosin, paramyosin, the heavy chain of myosin, and Der p 4 amylase. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough clinical history, skin testing, in vitro quantification of immunoglobulin (Ig) E, and confirmation through an oral challenge, although the latter is reserved for selected cases. This narrative review highlights the limited research on gastropod allergy. It provides a comprehensive list of purified and recombinant allergens and discusses the applications of component-resolved diagnosis as well as current therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mederos-Luis
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain; (E.M.-L.); (P.P.-G.); (I.S.-M.)
- Food Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Paloma Poza-Guedes
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain; (E.M.-L.); (P.P.-G.); (I.S.-M.)
- Food Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
- Severe Asthma Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (IISC), 38200 Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Inmaculada Sánchez-Machín
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain; (E.M.-L.); (P.P.-G.); (I.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (IISC), 38200 Tenerife, Spain
- Allergen Immunotherapy Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ruperto González-Pérez
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain; (E.M.-L.); (P.P.-G.); (I.S.-M.)
- Severe Asthma Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (IISC), 38200 Tenerife, Spain
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Kamath SD, Liu T, Giacomin P, Loukas A, Navarro S, Lopata AL. Mollusk allergy: Not simply cross-reactivity with crustacean allergens. Allergy 2022; 77:3127-3130. [PMID: 35575977 PMCID: PMC9796110 DOI: 10.1111/all.15377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip D. Kamath
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary SciencesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia
- Centre for Molecular TherapeuticsJames Cook UniversityCairnsQLDAustralia
| | - Tiange Liu
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research InstituteSuzhouChina
| | - Paul Giacomin
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia
- Centre for Molecular TherapeuticsJames Cook UniversityCairnsQLDAustralia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia
- Centre for Molecular TherapeuticsJames Cook UniversityCairnsQLDAustralia
| | - Severine Navarro
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Woolworths Centre for Childhood Nutrition Research, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Andreas L. Lopata
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary SciencesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia
- Tropical Futures InstituteJames Cook UniversitySingaporeSingapore
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Yu C, Ding X, Gao X, Lin H, Ullah Khan M, Lin H, Dang X, Li Z. Immunological Cross-Reactivity Involving Mollusc Species and Mite-Mollusc and Cross-Reactive Allergen PM Are Risk Factors of Mollusc Allergy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:360-372. [PMID: 34978452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine molluscs are seafood consumed worldwide and could cause food allergies, while investigation on their sensitizing components and cross-reactivity seems to be rare. Furthermore, allergy to mites may result in anaphylaxis in mollusc-allergic individuals owing to their cross-reactivity. The aim of the study was to identify cross-reactive allergens and investigate the cross-reactivity between different mollusc groups and mite-mollusc. The extracted mollusc and dust mite proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE, and IgE-binding components were recognized by immunoblotting with sera from patients sensitized to mollusc and mite. Cross-reactivity of different mollusc groups and mite-mollusc was assessed using ELISA and inhibition ELISA. The results of the immune detection, ELISA, and inhibition ELISA indicated that different mollusc groups and mite-mollusc showed varying degrees of cross-reactivity. The most frequently recognized cross-reactive protein was paramyosin from different mollusc groups and dust mite, while cross-reactive allergen paramyosin in the mite extract was identified and evaluated by MS and Allermatch, respectively. Inhibition ELISA studies also revealed that paramyosin played an important role in molluscan and mite-molluscan cross-reactivity. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the cross-reactivity involving mollusc species and mite-mollusc, which can be used to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of mite- and mollusc-allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P. R. China
| | - Xue Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Allergy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P. R. China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P. R. China
| | - Mati Ullah Khan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P. R. China
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Allergy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P. R. China
| | - Xuewen Dang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P. R. China
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Lin YP, Nelson C, Kramer H, Parekh AB. The Allergen Der p3 from House Dust Mite Stimulates Store-Operated Ca 2+ Channels and Mast Cell Migration through PAR4 Receptors. Mol Cell 2019; 70:228-241.e5. [PMID: 29677491 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The house dust mite is the principal source of perennial aeroallergens in man. How these allergens activate innate and adaptive immunity is unclear, and therefore, there are no therapies targeting mite allergens. Here, we show that house dust mite extract activates store-operated Ca2+ channels, a common signaling module in numerous cell types in the lung. Activation of channel pore-forming Orai1 subunits by mite extract requires gating by STIM1 proteins. Although mite extract stimulates both protease-activated receptor type 2 (PAR2) and PAR4 receptors, Ca2+ influx is more tightly coupled to the PAR4 pathway. We identify a major role for the serine protease allergen Der p3 in stimulating Orai1 channels and show that a therapy involving sub-maximal inhibition of both Der p3 and Orai1 channels suppresses mast cell activation to house dust mite. Our results reveal Der p3 as an important aeroallergen that activates Ca2+ channels and suggest a therapeutic strategy for treating mite-induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Lin
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Charmaine Nelson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Holger Kramer
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Anant B Parekh
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.
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Rolland JM, Varese NP, Abramovitch JB, Anania J, Nugraha R, Kamath S, Hazard A, Lopata AL, O'Hehir RE. Effect of Heat Processing on IgE Reactivity and Cross-Reactivity of Tropomyosin and Other Allergens of Asia-Pacific Mollusc Species: Identification of Novel Sydney Rock Oyster Tropomyosin Sac g 1. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800148. [PMID: 29756679 PMCID: PMC6099307 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Shellfish allergy is an increasing global health priority, frequently affecting adults. Molluscs are an important shellfish group causing food allergy but knowledge of their allergens and cross-reactivity is limited. Optimal diagnosis of mollusc allergy enabling accurate advice on food avoidance is difficult. Allergens of four frequently ingested Asia-Pacific molluscs are characterized: Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata), blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), saucer scallop (Amusium balloti), and southern calamari (Sepioteuthis australis), examining cross-reactivity between species and with blue swimmer crab tropomyosin, Por p 1. METHODS AND RESULTS IgE ELISA showed that cooking increased IgE reactivity of mollusc extracts and basophil activation confirmed biologically relevant IgE reactivity. Immunoblotting demonstrated strong IgE reactivity of several proteins including one corresponding to heat-stable tropomyosin in all species (37-40 kDa). IgE-reactive Sydney rock oyster proteins were identified by mass spectrometry, and the novel major oyster tropomyosin allergen was cloned, sequenced, and designated Sac g 1 by the IUIS. Oyster extracts showed highest IgE cross-reactivity with other molluscs, while mussel cross-reactivity was weakest. Inhibition immunoblotting demonstrated high cross-reactivity between tropomyosins of mollusc and crustacean species. CONCLUSION These findings inform novel approaches for reliable diagnosis and improved management of mollusc allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Rolland
- Department of Immunology and PathologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of AllergyClinical Immunology and Respiratory MedicineCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Nirupama P. Varese
- Department of Immunology and PathologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of AllergyClinical Immunology and Respiratory MedicineCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jodie B. Abramovitch
- Department of Immunology and PathologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of AllergyClinical Immunology and Respiratory MedicineCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jessica Anania
- Department of Immunology and PathologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of AllergyClinical Immunology and Respiratory MedicineCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Roni Nugraha
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of TherapeuticsMolecular Allergy Research LaboratoryJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleAustralia,Department of Aquatic Product TechnologyBogor Agricultural UniversityBogorIndonesia
| | - Sandip Kamath
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of TherapeuticsMolecular Allergy Research LaboratoryJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleAustralia
| | - Anita Hazard
- Department of AllergyClinical Immunology and Respiratory MedicineCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Andreas L. Lopata
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of TherapeuticsMolecular Allergy Research LaboratoryJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleAustralia
| | - Robyn E. O'Hehir
- Department of Immunology and PathologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of AllergyClinical Immunology and Respiratory MedicineCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of allergenic foods and food ingredients for labelling purposes. EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Portnoy J, Miller JD, Williams PB, Chew GL, Miller JD, Zaitoun F, Phipatanakul W, Kennedy K, Barnes C, Grimes C, Larenas-Linnemann D, Sublett J, Bernstein D, Blessing-Moore J, Khan D, Lang D, Nicklas R, Oppenheimer J, Randolph C, Schuller D, Spector S, Tilles SA, Wallace D. Environmental assessment and exposure control of dust mites: a practice parameter. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2013; 111:465-507. [PMID: 24267359 PMCID: PMC5156485 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Mercier V. Allergie alimentaire aux produits de la mer en pratique quotidienne. REVUE FRANÇAISE D'ALLERGOLOGIE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1877-0320(13)70045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Shafique RH, Inam M, Ismail M, Chaudhary FR. Group 10 allergens (tropomyosins) from house-dust mites may cause covariation of sensitization to allergens from other invertebrates. ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY 2012; 3:e74-90. [PMID: 23342293 PMCID: PMC3548612 DOI: 10.2500/ar.2012.3.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Group 10 allergens (tropomyosins) have been assumed to be a major cause of cross-reactivity between house-dust mites (HDMs) and other invertebrates. Despite all of the published data regarding the epidemiology, percent IgE binding and level of sensitization in the population, the role of tropomyosin as a cross-reactive allergen in patients with multiple allergy syndrome still remains to be elucidated. Homology between amino acid sequences reported in allergen databases of selected invertebrate tropomyosins was determined with Der f 10 as the reference allergen. The 66.9 and 54.4% identities were found with selected crustacean and insect species, respectively, whereas only 20.4% identity was seen with mollusks. A similar analysis was performed using reported B-cell IgE-binding epitopes from Met e1 (shrimp allergen) and Bla g7 (cockroach allergen) with other invertebrate tropomyosins. The percent identity in linear sequences was higher than 35% in mites, crustaceans, and cockroaches. The polar and hydrophobic regions in these groups were highly conserved. These findings suggest that tropomyosin may be a major cause of covariation of sensitization between HDMs, crustaceans, and some species of insects and mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubaba Hamid Shafique
- Department of Zoology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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10
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Metz-Favre C, Rame JM, Pauli G, de Blay F. La tropomyosine : un pan-allergène. REVUE FRANCAISE D ALLERGOLOGIE 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reval.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Historique et description des principales allergies croisées. REVUE FRANCAISE D ALLERGOLOGIE 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reval.2009.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Food allergies affect approximately 3.5-4.0% of the worldwide population. Immediate-type food allergies are mediated by the production of IgE antibodies to specific proteins that occur naturally in allergenic foods. Symptoms are individually variable ranging from mild rashes and hives to life-threatening anaphylactic shock. Seafood allergies are among the most common types of food allergies on a worldwide basis. Allergies to fish and crustacean shellfish are very common. Molluscan shellfish allergies are well known but do not appear to occur as frequently. Molluscan shellfish allergies have been documented to all classes of mollusks including gastropods (e.g., limpet, abalone), bivalves (e.g., clams, oysters, mussels), and cephalopods (e.g., squid, octopus). Tropomyosin, a major muscle protein, is the only well-recognized allergen in molluscan shellfish. The allergens in oyster (Cra g 1), abalone (Hal m 1), and squid (Tod p 1) have been identified as tropomyosin. Cross-reactivity to tropomyosin from other molluscan shellfish species has been observed with sera from patients allergic to oysters, suggesting that individuals with allergies to molluscan shellfish should avoid eating all species of molluscan shellfish. Cross-reactions with the related tropomyosin allergens in crustacean shellfish may also occur but this is less clearly defined. Occupational allergies have also been described in workers exposed to molluscan shellfish products by the respiratory and/or cutaneous routes. With food allergies, one man's food may truly be another man's poison. Individuals with food allergies react adversely to the ingestion of foods and food ingredients that most consumers can safely ingest (Taylor and Hefle, 2001). The allergens that provoke adverse reactions in susceptible individuals are naturally occurring proteins in the specific foods (Bush and Hefle, 1996). Molluscan shellfish, like virtually all foods that contain protein, can provoke allergic reactions in some individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve L Taylor
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0919, USA
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Fussman C, Todem D, Forster J, Arshad H, Urbanek R, Karmaus W. Cow's milk exposure and asthma in a newborn cohort: repeated ascertainment indicates reverse causation. J Asthma 2007; 44:99-105. [PMID: 17454323 DOI: 10.1080/02770900601180669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of cow's milk consumption on childhood asthma has been debated for several years. This study attempts to provide further insight into this association through the use of a longitudinal study design. Newborns from parents with atopic history were recruited from Germany, Austria, and England (n = 696). For five repeated ascertainments, information was collected on cow's milk exposure, incidence of doctor-diagnosed asthma, and confounders. Generalized estimation equations, incorporating different models (concurrent, delayed, combined, and reverse causation), were used to determine this association. No association between cow's milk consumption and childhood asthma was found for the concurrent effects model (OR = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55, 1.20). In the delayed effects model, the direction of the association varied with time of follow-up. Thus, we stratified by period, which resulted in a significant protective delayed effect at 36 months (OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.06, 0.49). However, reverse causation negated this finding since the presence of asthma in prior months led to a reduction in further exposure to cow's milk (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.16, 0.99). Hence, cow's milk consumption does not protect against childhood asthma. The apparent protection of cow's milk against asthma may result from parents of asthmatic children avoiding cow's milk, rather than actual prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Fussman
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic products, nutrition and allergies (NDA) related to the evaluation of molluscs for labelling purposes. EFSA J 2006. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2006.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Jackson AP, Foster AP, Hart BJ, Helps CR, Shaw SE. Prevalence of house dust mites and dermatophagoides group 1 antigens collected from bedding, skin and hair coat of dogs in south-west England. Vet Dermatol 2005; 16:32-8. [PMID: 15725103 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2005.00427.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) and D. pteronyssinus (Dpt) are commonly implicated as allergens causing canine atopic dermatitis in the UK. However, there are few studies that characterize the exposure of UK pet dogs to these mites. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of the mite species on the skin, hair coat and bedding of a population of pet dogs. Dust samples (n = 68) were collected from both dogs and their beds using a standardized vacuuming technique and stored at -20 degrees C. Mites were identified using accepted morphological criteria. House dust mite allergen concentrations were assayed using standardized ELISA for Dpt and Df group 1 allergens (Der p 1 and Der f 1). Mites were identified in 15/68 samples (22%) and Dpt was the most common. Df mites were not present. Der p 1 allergens were detected in 60% of samples, and Der f 1 in 6% of samples. There were no significant differences between the number of Der p 1 positive samples from dogs and the number of those from their bedding, or between the average Der p 1 concentrations from dogs and the number of those from their bedding. Contrary to studies elsewhere in Europe and the USA, these findings support studies of human asthma patients in the UK, where exposure to Df is rare, but to Dpt is common. As the prevalence of positive intradermal and serological reactions to Df in atopic dogs is high, further investigations are warranted to clarify true Df hypersensitivity or potential immunological cross-reactivity between mite allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Jackson
- School of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, North Somerset, BS40 5 DU, UK.
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Abstract
Fish and shellfish are important in the American diet and economy. Nearly $27 billion are spent each year in the United States on seafood products. Fish and shellfish are also important causes of food hypersensitivity. In fact, shellfish constitute the number one cause of food allergy in the American adult. During the past decade, much has been learned about allergens in fish and shellfish. The major allergens responsible for cross-reactivity among distinct species of fish and amphibians are parvalbumins. The major shellfish allergen has been identified as tropomyosin. Many new and important potential cross-reacting allergens have been identified within the fish family and between shellfish, arachnids, and insects. Extensive research is currently underway for the development of safer and more effective methods for the diagnosis and management of fish and shellfish hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurianne G Wild
- Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-57, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Moneret-Vautrin DA, Morisset M, Flabbee J, Beaudouin E, Kanny G. Epidemiology of life-threatening and lethal anaphylaxis: a review. Allergy 2005; 60:443-51. [PMID: 15727574 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Severe anaphylaxis is a systemic reaction affecting two or more organs or systems and is due to the release of active mediators from mast cells and basophils. A four-grade classification routinely places 'severe' anaphylaxis in grades 3 and 4 (death could be graded as grade 5). Studies are underway to determine the prevalence of severe and lethal anaphylaxis in different populations and the relative frequencies of food, drug, latex and Hymenoptera anaphylaxis. These studies will also analyse the risk arising from the lack of preventive measures applied in schools (personalized management protocols) and from the insufficient use of self-injected adrenalin. Allergy-related conditions may account for 0.2-1% of emergency consultations. Severe anaphylaxis affects 1-3 per 10 000 people, but for the United States and Australia figures are even higher. It is estimated to cause death in 0.65-2% of patients, i.e. 1-3 per million people. An increased prevalence has been revealed by monitoring hospitalized populations by reference to the international classification of disease (ICD) codes. The relative frequency of aetiological factors of allergy (food, drugs, insects and latex) varies in different studies. Food, drug and Hymenoptera allergies are potentially lethal. The risk of food-mediated anaphylaxis can be assessed from the number of personalized management protocols in French schools: 0.065%. Another means of assessment may be the rate of adrenalin prescriptions. However, an overestimation of the anaphylaxis risk may result from this method (0.95% of Canadian children). Data from the literature leads to several possibilities. First, a definition of severe anaphylaxis should be agreed. Secondly, prospective, multicentre enquiries, using ICD codes, should be implemented. Moreover, the high number of anaphylaxis cases for which the aetiology is not identified, and the variation in aetiology in the published series, indicate that a closer cooperation between emergency specialists and allergists is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Moneret-Vautrin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital, Nancy Cedex, France
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Erratum. Allergy 2003. [DOI: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2003.00343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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