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Jara-Servin A, Silva A, Barajas H, Cruz-Ortega R, Tinoco-Ojanguren C, Alcaraz LD. Root microbiome diversity and structure of the Sonoran desert buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare L.). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285978. [PMID: 37205698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) is an invasive plant introduced into Mexico's Sonoran desert for cattle grazing and has converted large areas of native thorn scrub. One of the invasion mechanisms buffelgrass uses to invade is allelopathy, which consists of the production and secretion of allelochemicals that exert adverse effects on other plants' growth. The plant microbiome also plays a vital role in establishing invasive plants and host growth and development. However, little is known about the buffelgrass root-associated bacteria and the effects of allelochemicals on the microbiome. We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to obtain the microbiome of buffelgrass and compare it between samples treated with root exacknudates and aqueous leachates as allelochemical exposure and samples without allelopathic exposure in two different periods. The Shannon diversity values were between H' = 5.1811-5.5709, with 2,164 reported bacterial Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs). A total of 24 phyla were found in the buffelgrass microbiome, predominantly Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteria. At the genus level, 30 different genera comprised the buffelgrass core microbiome. Our results show that buffelgrass recruits microorganisms capable of thriving under allelochemical conditions and may be able to metabolize them (e.g., Planctomicrobium, Aurantimonas, and Tellurimicrobium). We also found that the community composition of the microbiome changes depending on the developmental state of buffelgrass (p = 0.0366; ANOSIM). These findings provide new insights into the role of the microbiome in the establishment of invasive plant species and offer potential targets for developing strategies to control buffelgrass invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Jara-Servin
- Laboratorio de Genómica Ambiental, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adán Silva
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Hugo Barajas
- Laboratorio de Genómica Ambiental, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rocío Cruz-Ortega
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clara Tinoco-Ojanguren
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Luis D Alcaraz
- Laboratorio de Genómica Ambiental, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Šoln K, Klemenčič M, Koce JD. Plant cell responses to allelopathy: from oxidative stress to programmed cell death. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:1111-1124. [PMID: 34993622 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Allelopathy is a plant-plant interaction in which one plant releases biologically active compounds that have negative effects on the fitness of the target plant. The most pronounced effects are inhibition of seed germination and growth of neighboring plants. The roots of these plants are in contact with the allelochemicals released into the soil, as the primary target of the allelopathic action. To date, the best documented allelopathic activities relate to some weeds and invasive alien plants that show rapid spread and successful growth. A better understanding of the mechanisms of allelopathy will help to improve crop production and to manage and prevent plant invasions. At the cellular level, allelochemicals induce a burst of reactive oxygen species in the target plants, which leads to oxidative stress, and can promote programmed cell death. Lipid peroxidation and cell membrane changes, protein modifications, and increased protease activities are the early signs of cell damage. When enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants cannot scavenge reactive oxidants, this can result in hydrolytic or necrotic degradation of the protoplast. Cell organelles then lose their integrity and function. In roots, the structure and activity of the apical meristem are changed, which affects root growth and water absorption. Such allelopathically active compounds might thus be applied to control and manage weeds and invasive plants in a more sustainable way, to reduce chemical pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Šoln
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marina Klemenčič
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jasna Dolenc Koce
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Inhibitory effects of methanol extracts from Fallopia japonica and F. × bohemica rhizomes and selected phenolic compounds on radish germination and root growth. CHEMOECOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-022-00375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAllelopathic plants release secondary compounds into the soil that then suppress the growth of nearby plants. Allelopathy has been shown for the invasive Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica) and Bohemian knotweed (F. × bohemica). The aggressive and dominant invaders represent a serious threat to the local plant communities outside their native range. Here, we analysed the phenols in the knotweed rhizomes using nuclear magnetic resonance. We also evaluated the allelopathic potential of methanol extracts of F. japonica and F. × bohemica rhizomes and compared these with the effects of the individual knotweed phenols resveratrol, epicatechin and emodin, and their mixture. Rhizomes of both knotweeds contained similar amounts of epicatechin and emodin, with 24% higher resveratrol in F. × bohemica. Only the F. × bohemica methanol extract inhibited radish (Raphanus sativus) seed germination. After 3 days of treatments with 10% (w/v) extracts of both knotweeds, radish seedlings showed up to 70% shorter roots. In contrast, root growth of seedlings treated with the individual phenols resveratrol, epicatechin and emodin, and their mixture, was inhibited by up to 30%, similar to the 1% knotweed extracts. Biochemical parameters of oxidative stress also increased in the roots of treated seedlings, with high levels of malondialdehyde in particular indicating lipid peroxidation. Total antioxidative capacity was also increased in seedlings exposed to 0.6 mg/mL resveratrol and emodin. This study shows higher allelopathic potential of the knotweed methanol extracts compared to the individual phenols and their mixture.
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Sakit ALHaithloul HA, Khan MI, Musa A, Ghoneim MM, Aysh ALrashidi A, Khan I, Azab E, Gobouri AA, Sofy MR, El-Sherbiny M, Soliman MH. Phytotoxic effects of Acacia saligna dry leachates on germination, seedling growth, photosynthetic performance, and gene expression of economically important crops. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13623. [PMID: 35935250 PMCID: PMC9354756 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of dry leachates of Acasia saligna was tested on the seedling growth, photosynthesis, biochemical attributes, and gene expression of the economically important crops, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and arugula (Eruca sativa L.). Different concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) of stem extract (SE) and leaf extract (LE) of A. saligna were prepared, and seedlings were allowed to grow in Petri plates for 8 days. The results showed that all plant species exhibited reduced germination rate, plant height, and fresh and dry weight due to leachates extracts of A. saligna. Moreover, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), exhibited differential regulation due to the extract treatment. The SOD was increased with increasing the concentration of extracts, while CAT and APX activities were decreased with increasing the extract concentrations. In addition, leachate extract treatment decrease chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, PSII activity, and water use efficiency, with evident effects at their higher concentrations. Furthermore, the content of proline, sugars, protein, total phenols, and flavonoids were reduced considerably due to leachates extract treatments. Furthermore, seedlings treated with high concentrations of LE increased the expression of genes. The present results lead to the conclusion that A. saligna contains significant allelochemicals that interfere with the growth and development of the tested crop species and reduced the crops biomass and negatively affected other related parameters. However, further studies are suggested to determine the isolation and purification of the active compounds present in A. saligna extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq Khan
- Department of Weed Science and Botany, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Arafa Musa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia,Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt,Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Al Maarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Weed Science and Botany, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ehab Azab
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adil A. Gobouri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud R. Sofy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mona H. Soliman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt,Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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Laschke L, Schütz V, Schackow O, Sicker D, Hennig L, Hofmann D, Dörmann P, Schulz M. Survival of Plants During Short-Term BOA-OH Exposure: ROS Related Gene Expression and Detoxification Reactions Are Accompanied With Fast Membrane Lipid Repair in Root Tips. J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:219-239. [PMID: 34988771 PMCID: PMC8881443 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For the characterization of BOA-OH insensitive plants, we studied the time-dependent effects of the benzoxazolinone-4/5/6/7-OH isomers on maize roots. Exposure of Zea mays seedlings to 0.5 mM BOA-OH elicits root zone-specific reactions by the formation of dark rings and spots in the zone of lateral roots, high catalase activity on root hairs, and no visible defense reaction at the root tip. We studied BOA-6-OH- short-term effects on membrane lipids and fatty acids in maize root tips in comparison to the benzoxazinone-free species Abutilon theophrasti Medik. Decreased contents of phosphatidylinositol in A. theophrasti and phosphatidylcholine in maize were found after 10-30 min. In the youngest tissue, α-linoleic acid (18:2), decreased considerably in both species and recovered within one hr. Disturbances in membrane phospholipid contents were balanced in both species within 30-60 min. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) were also affected, but levels of maize diacylglycerols (DAGs) were almost unchanged, suggesting a release of fatty acids for membrane lipid regeneration from TAGs while resulting DAGs are buildings blocks for phospholipid reconstitution, concomitant with BOA-6-OH glucosylation. Expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and of ER-bound oleoyl desaturase (FAD2-2) genes were contemporaneously up regulated in contrast to the catalase CAT1, while CAT3 was arguably involved at a later stage of the detoxification process. Immuno-responses were not elicited in short-terms, since the expression of NPR1, POX12 were barely affected, PR4 after 6 h with BOA-4/7-OH and PR1 after 24 h with BOA-5/6-OH. The rapid membrane recovery, reactive oxygen species, and allelochemical detoxification may be characteristic for BOA-OH insensitive plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Laschke
- IMBIO Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Str. 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vadim Schütz
- IMBIO Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Str. 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Schackow
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Institut Für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dieter Sicker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Institut Für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lothar Hennig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Institut Für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Diana Hofmann
- IBG-3: Agrosphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- IMBIO Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Str. 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Margot Schulz
- IMBIO Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Str. 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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Kapoor RT, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Exogenously applied spermidine confers protection against cinnamic acid-mediated oxidative stress in Pisum sativum. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2619-2625. [PMID: 34025145 PMCID: PMC8117030 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the stress responses of cinnamic acid (CA) in pea plants and explored the protective role of spermidine (SPD) against CA-induced adverse effects. Pea seedlings exposed to CA had reduced length, biomass, moisture, chlorophyll, sugar, and protein contents and reduced nitrate reductase activity. These parameters increased when SPD was applied alone and in combination with CA. Electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content were high in seedlings treated with CA but decreased when the SPD + CA treatment was applied. Foliar exposure to SPD partially mitigated CA-induced stress effects by strengthening the antioxidant defense system, which helped preserve the integrity of biochemical processes. These results indicate that SPD (1 mM) could mitigate the adverse effects of CA and enhance plant defense system. Hence, SPD can be used as a growth regulator for the maintenance of physiological functions in pea plants in response to the pernicious consequences of CA stress.
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Key Words
- Antioxidants
- BSA, Bovine serum albumin
- CA, cinnamic acid
- CAT, catalase
- Cinnamic acid
- EC, electrolyte leakage
- EDTA, ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid
- GPX, guaiacol peroxidase
- Growth
- IAA, indole-3-acetic acid
- N-1-NEDD, n-1-naphthyl-ethylene diamine dihydrochloride
- NBT, nitro blue tetrazolium
- NR, nitrate reductase
- PA, polyamine
- Pisum sativum
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RWS, relative water content
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- SPD, spermidine
- Spermidine
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Affiliation(s)
- Riti Thapar Kapoor
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201 313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ding H, Ali A, Cheng Z. An Allelopathic Role for Garlic Root Exudates in the Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Cucumber in a Hydroponic Co-Culture System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E45. [PMID: 31892150 PMCID: PMC7020217 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Garlic is considered to have a strong positive effect on the growth and yield of receptors under soil cultivation conditions. However, how this positive promotion is produced by changing the growth environment of the receptors or directly acting on the receptors is still not very clear. The direct influence of co-culturing with different quantities of garlic plants (the control 5, 10, 15, 20) on the growth and biochemical processes of cucumber plants was studied using a hydroponic co-culture system. Different numbers of garlic bulbs inhibited the growth of cucumber plants and increased the production and induction of reactive oxygen species, which accompanied the enhancement of lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage to cucumber. This allelopathic exposure further reduced the chlorophyll contents and photosynthesis rate, and consequently impaired the photosynthetic performance of photosystem II (PSII). Garlic root exudates increased the leaves' carbohydrates accumulation, such as soluble sugar contents and sucrose levels by regulating the activities of metabolismic enzymes; however, no such accumulation was observed in the roots. Our results suggested that garlic root exudates can mediate negative plant-plant interactions and its phytotoxic influence on cucumber plants may have occurred through the application of oxidative stress, which consequently imbalanced the source-to-sink photo-assimilate flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Ding
- School of public health, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan, China;
| | - Ahmad Ali
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
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Tong X, Wang X, He X, Sui Y, Shen J, Feng J. Effects of antibiotics on nitrogen uptake of four wetland plant species grown under hydroponic culture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:10621-10630. [PMID: 30762179 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of antibiotics on nitrogen removal and uptake by wetland plants, four typical macrophyte species, Cyperus alternifolius L., Typha angustifolia L., Lythrum salicaria L., and Acorus calamus L., were grown in hydroponic cultivation systems and fed wastewater polluted with 10 μg L-1 Ofloxacin (OFL) and Tetracycline (TET). Biomass production, nitrogen mass concentration, chlorophyll content, root exudates, and nitrogen removal efficiency of hydroponic cultivation were investigated. The results indicated that in all hydroponic systems, NH4+-N was entirely removed from the hydroponic substrate within 1 day and plant nitrogen accumulation was the main role of the removed NO3-. OFL and TET stimulated the accumulation of biomass and nitrogen of A. calamus but significantly inhibited the NO3--N removal ability of L. salicaria (98.6 to 76.2%) and T. augustifolia (84.3 to 40.2%). This indicates that A. calamus may be a good choice for nitrogen uptake in wetlands contaminated with antibiotics. OFL and TET improved the concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), organic acid, and soluble sugars in root exudates, especially for oxalic acid. Considering the significant correlation between TOC of root exudates and nitrogen removal efficiency, the TOC of root exudates may be an important index for choosing macrophytes to maintain nitrogen removal ability in wetlands contaminated with antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnan Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinze Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Xiaojuan He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Yanming Sui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jian Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jimeng Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China
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Goel MK, Kukreja AK, Singh AK, Khanuja SPS. In Vitro Plant Growth Promoting Activity of Phyllocladane Diterpenoids Isolated from Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl. in Shoot Cultures of Rauwolfia serpentina. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700200802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllocladane diterpenoids, particularly calliterpenone (1) and calliterpenone monoacetate (2), isolated from leaves of Callicarpa macrophylla, produced significantly higher growth and multiplication of in vitro shoot cultures of Rauwolfia serpentina at 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L concentrations, respectively, compared to certain other plant growth regulators (0.1-5.0 mg/L) tested under in vitro conditions. This is the first report of the plant growth promoting activities of 1 and 2 in plant tissue cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Goel
- Plant Tissue Culture Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P O CIMAP, Lucknow-226015, India
| | - Arun K Kukreja
- Plant Tissue Culture Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P O CIMAP, Lucknow-226015, India
| | - Anil K Singh
- Process and Product Development Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P O CIMAP, Lucknow-226015, India
| | - Suman Preet S Khanuja
- Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P O CIMAP, Lucknow-226015, India
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10
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Allelopathic prospective of Retama raetam L. against the noxious weed Phalaris minor Retz. growing in Triticum aestivum L. fields. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-018-0675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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The Activity of the Antioxidant Defense System of the Weed Species Senna obtusifolia L. and its Resistance to Allelochemical Stress. J Chem Ecol 2017; 43:725-738. [PMID: 28711978 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-017-0865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Senna obtusifolia L., a common weed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, is able to germinate under adverse environmental conditions, suggesting that this species has efficient stress-adaptation strategies. The aims of the present work were to examine the energy metabolism and the antioxidant defense system of the Senna obtusifolia L. during seed germination and initial growth, and the responses to allelochemical-induced stress. Respiratory activity, the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT),guaicol peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), lipoxygenase (LOX) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSSG and GSH) were measured. Shortly after seed imbibition, mitochondrial respiratory activity was active and the presence of SOD, CAT, GR and LOX activity in embryos, along with significant KCN-insensitive respiration, indicated that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is initiated as soon as mitochondrial respiration resumes. Among the fourteen allelochemicals assayed, only coumarin significantly supressed the growth of S. obtusifolia seedlings. Although coumarin reduced the activities of CAT, POD and APX, the GSH, GSSG and MDA levels were not altered. Alpha-pinene, quercetin and ferulic acid did not modify the activity of the antioxidant enzymes or the contents of GSH, GSSH and MDA. Thus the antioxidant defense system of S. obstusifolia may be effective in counteracting the harmful effects of ROS generated during seed germination and initial growth in the presence of toxic allelochemicals.
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Mahdavikia F, Saharkhiz MJ. Secondary metabolites of peppermint change the morphophysiological and biochemical characteristics of tomato. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Ciniglia C, Mastrobuoni F, Scortichini M, Petriccione M. Oxidative damage and cell-programmed death induced in Zea mays L. by allelochemical stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 24:926-37. [PMID: 25736610 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1435-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The allelochemical stress on Zea mays was analyzed by using walnut husk washing waters (WHWW), a by-product of Juglans regia post-harvest process, which possesses strong allelopathic potential and phytotoxic effects. Oxidative damage and cell-programmed death were induced by WHWW in roots of maize seedlings. Treatment induced ROS burst, with excess of H2O2 content. Enzymatic activities of catalase were strongly increased during the first hours of exposure. The excess in malonildialdehyde following exposure to WHWW confirmed that oxidative stress severely damaged maize roots. Membrane alteration caused a decrease in NADPH oxidase activity along with DNA damage as confirmed by DNA laddering. The DNA instability was also assessed through sequence-related amplified polymorphism assay, thus suggesting the danger of walnut processing by-product and focusing the attention on the necessity of an efficient treatment of WHWW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ciniglia
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
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14
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Guan Y, Lin H, Ma L, Yang Y, Hu X. Nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide are important signals mediating the allelopathic response of Arabidopsis to p-hydroxybenzoic acid. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 152:275-85. [PMID: 24502504 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Both nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) are important signals that mediate plant response to environmental stimulation. Their role in plants' allelopathic interactions has also been reported, but the underlying mechanism remains little understood. p-Hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) has been proposed to be an allelopathic chemical. Here, we found that pHBA at 0.4 mM efficiently suppressed Arabidopsis growth. Meanwhile, pHBA rapidly induced the accumulation of NO and H2 O2 , where such effect could be reversed by NO or H2 O2 metabolism inhibitors or scavengers. Also, pHBA-induced NO and H2 O2 could be compromised in NO synthesis mutants noa1, nia1 and nia2, or H2 O2 metabolism mutant rbohD/F, but suppressing NO accumulation with a NO synthesis inhibitor or using NO synthesis-related mutants did not reduce pHBA-induced H2 O2 accumulation. Furthermore, we found that the effect of pHBA on allelopathic inhibition of growth was aggravated in NO/H2 O2 metabolism-related mutants or reducing NO/H2 O2 by different inhibitors, whereas the addition of an NO/H2 O2 donor could partly relieve the inhibitory effect of pHBA on the growth of wild type. However, adding only an NO donor, but not low concentration of H2 O2 as the donor, could relieve the inhibitory effect of pHBA on root growth in NO metabolism mutants. On the basis of these results, we propose that both NO and H2 O2 are important signals that mediate Arabidopsis response to the allelopathic chemical pHBA, where during this process H2 O2 may work upstream of the NO signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Guan
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Changes in Energy Metabolism and Antioxidant Defense Systems During Seed Germination of the Weed Species Ipomoea triloba L. and the Responses to Allelochemicals. J Chem Ecol 2011; 37:500-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-011-9945-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Lara-Núñez A, Sánchez-Nieto S, Luisa Anaya A, Cruz-Ortega R. Phytotoxic effects of Sicyos deppei (Cucurbitaceae) in germinating tomato seeds. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2009; 136:180-192. [PMID: 19453504 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2009.01228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The phytotoxic effect of allelochemicals is referred to as allelochemical stress and it is considered a biotic stress. Sicyos deppei G. Don (Cucurbitaceae) is an allelopathic weed that causes phytotoxicity in Lycopersicon esculentum, delaying seed germination and severely inhibiting radicle growth. This paper reports in in vitro conditions, the effects of the aqueous leachate of S. deppei-throughout tomato germination times-on (1) the dynamics of starch and sugars metabolism, (2) activity and expression of the cell wall enzymes involved in endosperm weakening that allows the protrusion of the radicle, and (3) whether abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in this altered metabolic processes. Results showed that S. deppei leachate on tomato seed germination mainly caused: (1) delay in starch degradation as well as in sucrose hydrolysis; (2) lower activity of sucrose phosphate synthase, cell wall invertase, and alpha-amylase; being sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) gene expression down-regulated, and the last two up regulated; (3) also, lower activity of endo beta-mannanase, beta-1,3 glucanase, alpha-galactosidase, and exo-polygalacturonase with altered gene expression; and (4) higher content of ABA during all times of germination. The phytotoxic effect of S. deppei aqueous leachate is because of the sum of many metabolic processes affected during tomato seed germination that finally is evidenced by a strong inhibition of radicle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Lara-Núñez
- Laboratorio de Alelopatía. Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apartado Postal 70-275, México D.F., 04510, Mexico
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17
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Phthalic acid induces oxidative stress and alters the activity of some antioxidant enzymes in roots of Malus prunifolia. J Chem Ecol 2009; 35:488-94. [PMID: 19352774 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-009-9615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Apple replant is a widespread agricultural problem documented in all of the major fruit-growing regions of the world. In order to better understand the phytotoxic mechanisms induced by allelochemicals involved with this problem, Malus prunifolia plants were grown hydroponically to the six-leaf-stage in the presence of phthalic acid (0 or 1 mM) for 5, 10, or 15 days. Apple plants were evaluated for: shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) content, superoxide radical (O(2) (*-)) generation rate, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Shoot and root lengths and fresh and dry weights of M. prunifolia decreased in plants exposed to phthalic acid. MDA and H(2)O(2) content increased in phthalic acid-treated plants as did the generation rate of O(2) (*-) in M. prunifolia roots. The activities of superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11), glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2), dehydroascorbate reductase (EC 1.8.5.1), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (EC 1.6.5.4) increased in phthalic acid-stressed roots compared with control roots. These results suggest that activation of the antioxidant system by phthalic acid led to the formation of reactive oxygen species that resulted in cellular damage and the decrease of M. prunifolia growth.
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Cruz-Ortega R, Lara-Núñez A, Anaya AL. Allelochemical stress can trigger oxidative damage in receptor plants: mode of action of phytotoxicity. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2007; 2:269-70. [PMID: 19704677 PMCID: PMC2634146 DOI: 10.4161/psb.2.4.3895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants can interact with other plants through the release of chemical compounds or allelochemicals. These compounds released by donor plants influence germination, growth, development, and establishment of receptor plants; having an important role on the pattern of vegetation, i.e as invasive strategy, and on crop productivity. This phytotoxic or negative effect of the released allelochemicals (allelochemical stress) is caused by modifying or altering diverse metabolic processes, having many molecular targets in the receptor plants. Recently, using an aggressive and allelopathic plant Sicyos deppei as the donor plant, and Lycopersicon esculentum as the receptor plant, we showed that the allelochemicals released by S. deppei caused oxidative damage through an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation or modification of antioxidant enzymes. Based on this study, we proposed that oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms, among others, by which an allelopathic plant causes phytotoxicity to other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Cruz-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Alelopatía, Departamento de Ecología Funcional; Instituto de Ecologia; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Circuito Exterior Universitario; Ciudad Universitaria, México
| | - Aurora Lara-Núñez
- Laboratorio de Alelopatía, Departamento de Ecología Funcional; Instituto de Ecologia; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Circuito Exterior Universitario; Ciudad Universitaria, México
| | - Ana Luisa Anaya
- Laboratorio de Alelopatía, Departamento de Ecología Funcional; Instituto de Ecologia; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Circuito Exterior Universitario; Ciudad Universitaria, México
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Bogatek R, Gniazdowska A. ROS and Phytohormones in Plant-Plant Allelopathic Interaction. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2007; 2:317-8. [PMID: 19704634 PMCID: PMC2634163 DOI: 10.4161/psb.2.4.4116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Allelopathy refers to plant-plant interference mediated mostly by plant released products of secondary metabolism. It was recently suggested that allelochamicals may influence growth of neighboring plants by induction of oxidative stress. We have focused on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phytohormons (ABA and ethylene) in the biochemical and molecular regulation of plant response to sunflower phytotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Bogatek
- Department of Plant Physiology; Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW; Warsaw Poland
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Macías FA, Molinillo JMG, Varela RM, Galindo JCG. Allelopathy--a natural alternative for weed control. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2007; 63:327-48. [PMID: 17348068 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Allelopathy studies the interactions among plants, fungi, algae and bacteria with the organisms living in a certain ecosystem, interactions that are mediated by the secondary metabolites produced and exuded into the environment. Consequently, allelopathy is a multidisciplinary science where ecologists, chemists, soil scientists, agronomists, biologists, plant physiologists and molecular biologists offer their skills to give an overall view of the complex interactions occurring in a certain ecosystem. As a result of these studies, applications in weed and pest management are expected in such different fields as development of new agrochemicals, cultural methods, developing of allelopathic crops with increased weed resistance, etc. The present paper will focus on the chemical aspects of allelopathy, pointing out the most recent advances in the chemicals disclosed, their mode of action and their fate in the ecosystem. Also, attention will be paid to achievements in genomics and proteomics, two emerging fields in allelopathy. Rather than being exhaustive, this paper is intended to reflect a critical vision of the current state of allelopathy and to point to future lines of research where in the authors' opinion the main advances and applications could and should be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Macías
- Grupo de Alelopatía, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Cadiz, c/República Saharaui s/n, Apdo. 40, 11510-Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
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Oracz K, Bailly C, Gniazdowska A, Côme D, Corbineau F, Bogatek R. Induction of oxidative stress by sunflower phytotoxins in germinating mustard seeds. J Chem Ecol 2007; 33:251-64. [PMID: 17216362 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-006-9222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Accepted: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the phytotoxic effect of sunflower on physiological and biochemical processes during germination of mustard seeds (Sinapis alba L. cv. Nakielska). To exclude the involvement of osmotic stress in seed reaction to phytotoxic compounds, we compared the effect of 10% (w/v) water extract from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Ogrodowy) leaves and 28.4% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000 solution characterized by an equal Psi = -1 MPa. We evaluated (1) the amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); (2) activities of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase; (3) membrane permeability; and (4) level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Both, sunflower compounds and PEG solutions inhibited mustard seed germination, but only phytotoxins caused an increase in the cell membrane permeability, MDA level, H2O2 concentration, and alterations in activities of antioxidant enzymes. Our results demonstrate that despite the activation of the antioxidant system by sunflower phytotoxins, reactive oxygen species accumulation caused cellular damage, which resulted in the decrease of germinability and gradual loss of seed vigor. It seems that the negative effect of sunflower on germination of mustard seeds is mostly because of its toxicity and not to its contribution to osmotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Oracz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw Agricultural University, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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Batish DR, Singh HP, Setia N, Kaur S, Kohli RK. 2-Benzoxazolinone (BOA) induced oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and changes in some antioxidant enzyme activities in mung bean (Phaseolus aureus). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2006; 44:819-27. [PMID: 17107811 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2006.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2006] [Accepted: 10/09/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
2-Benzoxazolinone (BOA), a well-known allelochemical with strong phytotoxicity, is a potential herbicidal candidate. The aim of the present study was to determine whether phytotoxicity of BOA is due to induction of oxidative stress caused by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the changes in levels of antioxidant enzymes induced in response to BOA. Effect of BOA was studied on electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation (LP), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) generation, proline (PRO) accumulation, and activities of antioxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase (SOD, 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, 1.11.1.11), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX, 1.11.1.7), catalase (CAT, 1.11.1.6) and glutathione reductase (GR, 1.6.4.2) in Phaseolus aureus (mung bean). BOA significantly enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA) content, a product of LP, in both leaves and roots of mung bean. The amount of H(2)O(2), a product of oxidative stress, and endogenous PRO increased many-fold in response to BOA. Accumulation of PRO, MDA and H(2)O(2) indicates the cellular damage in the target tissue caused by ROS generated by BOA. In response to BOA, there was a significant increase in the activities of scavenging enzymes SOD, APX, GPX, CAT, and GR in root and leaf tissue of mung bean. At 5 mM BOA, GR activity in roots showed a nearly 22-fold increase over that in control. The present study concludes that BOA induces oxidative stress in mung bean through generation of ROS and upregulation of activities of various scavenging enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Batish
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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23
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Lara-Nuñez A, Romero-Romero T, Ventura JL, Blancas V, Anaya AL, Cruz-Ortega R. Allelochemical stress causes inhibition of growth and oxidative damage in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2006; 29:2009-16. [PMID: 17081237 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of allelochemical stress on Lycopersicon esculentum growth. Our results showed that allelochemical stress caused by Sicyos deppei aqueous leachate inhibited root growth but not germination, and produced an imbalance in the oxidative status of cells in both ungerminated seeds and in primary roots. We observed changes in activity of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and the plasma membrane NADPH oxidase, as well as in the levels of H(2)O(2) and O(2) (*-) in seeds at 12 and 24 h, and in primary roots at 48 and 72 h of treatment, which could account for the oxidative imbalance. There were changes in levels of expression of the mentioned enzymes, but without a correlation with their respective activities. Higher levels of membrane lipid peroxidation were observed in primary roots at 48 and 72 h of treatment. No effect on the expression of metacaspase and the PR1 was observed as indicators of cell death or induction of plant defence. This paper contributes to the understanding of plant-plant interactions through the phytotoxic allelochemicals released in an aqueous leachate of the weed S. deppei, which cause a negative effect on other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Lara-Nuñez
- Departmento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacioanl Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, México
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Weir TL, Bais HP, Stull VJ, Callaway RM, Thelen GC, Ridenour WM, Bhamidi S, Stermitz FR, Vivanco JM. Oxalate contributes to the resistance of Gaillardia grandiflora and Lupinus sericeus to a phytotoxin produced by Centaurea maculosa. PLANTA 2006; 223:785-95. [PMID: 16395587 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-005-0192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2005] [Accepted: 11/16/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Centaurea maculosa Lam. is a noxious weed in western North America that produces a phytotoxin, (+/-)-catechin, which is thought to contribute to its invasiveness. Areas invaded by C. maculosa often result in monocultures of the weed, however; in some areas, North American natives stand their ground against C. maculosa and show varying degrees of resistance to its phytotoxin. Two of these resistant native species, Lupinus sericeus Pursh and Gaillardia grandiflora Van Houtte, were found to secrete increased amounts of oxalate in response to catechin exposure. Mechanistically, we found that oxalate works exogenously by blocking generation of reactive oxygen species in susceptible plants and reducing oxidative damage generated in response to catechin. Furthermore, field experiments show that L. sericeus indirectly facilitates native grasses in grasslands invaded by C. maculosa, and this facilitation can be correlated with the presence of oxalate in soil. Addition of exogenous oxalate to native grasses and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh grown in vitro alleviated the phytotoxic effects of catechin, supporting the field experiments and suggesting that root-secreted oxalate may also act as a chemical facilitator for plant species that do not secrete the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany L Weir
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523, USA
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Bais HP, Weir TL, Perry LG, Gilroy S, Vivanco JM. The role of root exudates in rhizosphere interactions with plants and other organisms. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2006; 57:233-66. [PMID: 16669762 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1675] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The rhizosphere encompasses the millimeters of soil surrounding a plant root where complex biological and ecological processes occur. This review describes recent advances in elucidating the role of root exudates in interactions between plant roots and other plants, microbes, and nematodes present in the rhizosphere. Evidence indicating that root exudates may take part in the signaling events that initiate the execution of these interactions is also presented. Various positive and negative plant-plant and plant-microbe interactions are highlighted and described from the molecular to the ecosystem scale. Furthermore, methodologies to address these interactions under laboratory conditions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh P Bais
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Newark, Delaware 19711, USA
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