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Pinto TNC, da Silva CCBM, Pinto RMC, da Silva Duarte AJ, Benard G, Fernandes JR. Tobacco exposure, but not aging, shifts the frequency of peripheral blood B cell subpopulations. GeroScience 2024; 46:2729-2738. [PMID: 38157147 PMCID: PMC10828235 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Several disturbances in T-cell mediated immunity have been described during aging, but immunosenescence of the B-cell compartment is less well elucidated. The peripheral blood B-cell compartment (CD19+) can be split into six main subpopulations according to the cell surface markers IgD, CD27, CD24, and CD38: Transitional, naïve, unswitched, switched, double negative and plasmablasts. We thus aimed to verify whether shifts in these subsets occur during healthy and pathological aging. We recruited three groups of aged people (> 60 years old), healthy, COPD patients, and smokers without altered pulmonary function test, and a fourth group of individuals 18-40 years old (youngs). Total B-cells percentage and absolute number were similar among the healthy aged, COPD patients, and youngs, but the smokers showed significantly higher absolute numbers. While all six B-cell subset percentages were comparable among the healthy aged, COPD patients, and youngs, smokers showed significantly higher percentages of switched B-cells and reduced naïve B-cells than the other three groups, resulting in an inverted naive:switched ratio. Analysis of the cell subset absolute numbers showed a similar trend. Overall, our results suggest that aging drives milder alterations in the distribution of peripheral blood B-cell subpopulations than in the T-cell compartment. We suggest that it is the T-cell immunosenescence that most contributes to the poor humoral immune responses in the elderly, vaccine responses included. Surprisingly it was the smokers who showed significant alterations when compared with the youngs, healthy aged, and aged COPD patients, probably as a result of the chronic immune stimulation described in active smoking subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalyta Nery Carvalho Pinto
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM56), Faculdade de Medicina, Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, São Paulo, 455, Brazil
| | | | - Regina Maria Carvalho Pinto
- Pulmonary Department, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, São Paulo, 44, Brazil
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM56), Faculdade de Medicina, Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, São Paulo, 455, Brazil
| | - Gil Benard
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM56), Faculdade de Medicina, Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, São Paulo, 455, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ruiz Fernandes
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM56), Faculdade de Medicina, Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, São Paulo, 455, Brazil.
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Khoj L, Zagà V, Amram DL, Hosein K, Pistone G, Bisconti M, Serafini A, Cammarata LM, Cattaruzza MS, Mura M. Effects of cannabis smoking on the respiratory system: A state-of-the-art review. Respir Med 2024; 221:107494. [PMID: 38056532 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The diminished perception of the health risks associated with the consumption of cannabis (marijuana) lead to a progressive increase in its inhalational use in many countries. Cannabis can be smoked through the use of joints, spliffs and blunts, and it can be vaporised with the use of hookah or e-cigarettes. Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive component of cannabis smoke but contains numerous other substances. While the recreational use of cannabis smoking has been legalised in several countries, its health consequences have been underestimated and undervalued. The purpose of this review is to critically review the impact of cannabis smoke on the respiratory system. Cannabis smoke irritates the bronchial tree and is strongly associated with symptoms of chronic bronchitis, with histological signs of airway inflammation and remodelling. Altered fungicidal and antibacterial activity of alveolar macrophages, with greater susceptibility to respiratory infections, is also reported. The association with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunocompromised subjects is particularly concerning. Although cannabis has been shown to produce a rapid bronchodilator effect, its chronic use is associated with poor control of asthma by numerous studies. Cannabis smoking also represents a risk factor for the development of bullous lung disease, spontaneous pneumothorax and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. On the other hand, no association with the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was found. Finally, a growing number of studies report an independent association of cannabis smoking with the development of lung cancer. In conclusion, unequivocal evidence established that cannabis smoking is harmful to the respiratory system. Cannabis smoking has a wide range of negative effects on respiratory symptoms in both healthy subjects and patients with chronic lung disease. Given that the most common and cheapest way of assumption of cannabis is by smoking, healthcare providers should be prepared to provide counselling on cannabis smoking cessation and inform the public and decision-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lugain Khoj
- Division of Respirology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Daniel L Amram
- Ambulatorio per la Cessazione del Fumo di Tabacco, ASL Toscana Nord Ovest, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Karishma Hosein
- Division of Respirology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Giovanni Pistone
- Centro per il Trattamento del Tabagismo, Local Health Unit, Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Bisconti
- U.O.C. Pneumologia - Ospedale "Vito Fazzi", Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Sofia Cattaruzza
- Italian Society of Tobaccology, Bologna, Italy; Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Mura
- Division of Respirology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Lee SY, Kim SS, Lee SH, Park HW. Chronic viral hepatitis accelerates lung function decline in smokers. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2159-2165. [PMID: 36449120 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are hepatotrophic viruses, they may affect pulmonary diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess whether chronic viral hepatitis (CVH) infection was associated with a rapid decline in lung function. Repeated measurements of lung function were obtained from a well-curated health check-up database. A case was defined as an individual positive for HBsAg or anti-HCV antibody. A control was randomly selected (from the same dataset) after 1:1 matching in terms of age, sex, height, the body mass index, and smoking status. Separate analyses of non-smokers and smokers were performed. A total of 701 cases were enrolled (586 with HBV and 115 with HCV). In cross-sectional analysis, both forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) decreased significantly only in smokers (smoking cases vs. smoking controls) (adjusted p = 6.6 × 10-5 and adjusted p = 2.2 × 10-3, respectively). In longitudinal analysis, smoking cases showed significantly greater FEV1 and FVC decline rates than did smoking controls (adjusted p = 8.5 × 10-3 and adjusted p = 1.2 × 10-5, respectively). Such associations were particularly high in smoking cases at intermediate-to-high risk of hepatic fibrosis, as evaluated by the non-invasive Fibrosis-4 index. In summary, CVH was associated with both decreased lung function and accelerated lung function decline in smokers. A non-invasive measurement of hepatic fibrosis may be useful in predicting rapid lung function decline in smokers with CVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suh-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Sin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Woo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Pinto TNC, da Silva CCBM, Pinto RMC, Duarte AJDS, Benard G, Fernandes JR. Human peripheral blood age-associated (CD11c+Tbet+) B cells: No association with age. Cytometry A 2023; 103:619-623. [PMID: 37353962 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thalyta Nery Carvalho Pinto
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM56), Tropical Medicine Institute (IMT), School of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM56), Tropical Medicine Institute (IMT), School of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gil Benard
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM56), Tropical Medicine Institute (IMT), School of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ruiz Fernandes
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM56), Tropical Medicine Institute (IMT), School of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kim HJ, Hong G, Hwang J, Kazmi SZ, Kim KH, Kang T, Swan H, Cha J, Kim YS, Kim KU, Hann HJ, Ahn HS. Familial Risk of Graves' Disease among First-Degree Relatives and Interaction with Smoking: A Population-Based Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023:7049295. [PMID: 36808421 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Population-based studies on the familial aggregation of Graves' disease (GD) are scarce and gene-environment interactions are not well-studied. We evaluated the familial aggregation of GD and assessed interactions between family history and smoking. METHODS Using the National Health Insurance database, which includes information on familial relationships and lifestyle risk factors, we identified 5,524,403 individuals with first-degree relatives (FDRs). Familial risk was calculated using hazard ratios (HRs), which compare the risk of individuals with and without affected FDRs. Interactions between smoking and family history were assessed on an additive scale using relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). RESULTS The HR among individuals with affected FDRs was 3.39 (95% CI 3.30-3.48) compared to those without affected FDR, and among individuals with affected twin, brother, sister, father and mother the HRs were 36.53 (23.85-53.54), 5.26 (4.89-5.66), 4.12 (3.88-4.38), 3.34 (3.16-3.54), and 2.63 (2.53-2.74), respectively. Individuals with both a positive family history and smoking had an increased risk of disease (HR 4.68) with statistically significant interaction (RERI 0.94 95% CI 0.74-1.19). Heavy smokers with a positive family history showed a nearly 6-fold increased risk, which was higher than moderate smoking, suggesting a dose-response interaction pattern. Current smoking also showed a statistically significant interaction with family history (RERI 0.52 95% CI 0.22-0.82), while this was not observed for former smoking. CONCLUSION A gene-environment interaction can be suggested between smoking and GD-associated genetic factors, which diminishes after smoking cessation. Smokers with a positive family history should be considered a high-risk group and smoking cessation should be advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gahwi Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungyun Hwang
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | | | - Kyoung-Hoon Kim
- Evidence-based Research Division, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju, Korea Health and Wellness college, Sungshin Women's University Woonjung Green Campus, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taeuk Kang
- Department of Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heather Swan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaewoo Cha
- Department of Nursing, Seojeong University, Yangju, Korea
| | - Young Shin Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Hoo Jae Hann
- Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong Sik Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Devos S, Bonnet F, Hessamfar M, Neau D, Vareil MO, Leleux O, Cazanave C, Rouanes N, Duffau P, Lazaro E, Dabis F, Wittkop L, Barger D, Blanco P, Bouchet S, Breilh D, Desjardin S, Gaborieau V, Gimbert A, Lacaze-Buzy L, Lacoste D, Lafon ME, Lawson-Ayayi S, Le Marec F, Le Moal G, Malvy D, Marchand L, Mercié P, Pellegrin I, Perrier A, Petrov-Sanchez V, Bernard N, Bronnimann D, Chaussade H, Dondia D, Faure I, Morlat P, Mériglier E, Paccalin F, Riebero E, Rivoisy C, Vandenhende MA, Barthod L, Dauchy FA, Desclaux A, Ducours M, Dutronc H, Duvignaud A, Leitao J, Lescure M, Nguyen D, Pistone T, Puges M, Wirth G, Courtault C, Camou F, Greib C, Pellegrin JL, Rivière E, Viallard JF, Imbert Y, Thierry-Mieg M, Rispal P, Caubet O, Ferrand H, Tchamgoué S, Farbos S, Wille H, Andre K, Caunegre L, Gerard Y, Osorio-Perez F, Chossat I, Iles G, Labasse-Depis M, Lacassin F, Barret A, Castan B, Koffi J, Saunier A, Zabbe JB, Dumondin G, Beraud G, Catroux M, Garcia M, Giraud V, Martellosio JP, Roblot F, Pasdeloup T, Riché A, Grosset M, Males S, Ngo Bell C, Carpentier C, Tumiotto C, Miremeont-Salamé G, Arma D, Arnou G, Blaizeau MJ, Camps P, Decoin M, Delveaux S, Diarra F, Gabrea L, Lai WH, Lenaud E, Plainchamps D, Pougetoux A, Uwamaliya B, Zara K, Conte V, Gapillout M. Tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, and illicit drug use and their association with CD4/CD8 cell count ratio in people with controlled HIV: a cross-sectional study (ANRS CO3 AQUIVIH-NA-QuAliV). BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:16. [PMID: 36624391 PMCID: PMC9830769 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07963-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate drug use (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and other drugs) and its association with mean CD4/CD8 T cell count ratio, a marker of chronic inflammation, in virally suppressed people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) in Nouvelle Aquitaine, France. METHODS A multi-centric, cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 2018-19 in the QuAliV study-ANRS CO3 AQUIVIH-NA cohort. Tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, and other drug use (poppers, cocaine, amphetamines, synthetic cathinones, GHB/GBL) were self-reported. CD4 and CD8 T cell counts and viral load measures, ± 2 years of self-report, and other characteristics were abstracted from medical records. Univariable and multivariable linear regression models, adjusted for age, sex, HIV risk group, time since HIV diagnosis, and other drug use were fit for each drug and most recent CD4/CD8 ratio. RESULTS 660 PLWH, aged 54.7 ± 11.2, were included. 47.7% [315/660] had a CD4/CD8 ratio of < 1. Their mean CD4/CD8 ratio was 1.1 ± 0.6. 35% smoked; ~ 40% were considered to be hazardous drinkers or have alcohol use disorder; 19.9% used cannabis and 11.9% other drugs. Chemsex-associated drug users' CD4/CD8 ratio was on average 0.226 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] - 0.383, - 0.070) lower than that of non-users in univariable analysis (p = 0.005) and 0.165 lower [95% CI - 0.343, 0.012] in multivariable analysis (p = 0.068). CONCLUSIONS Mean differences in CD4/CD8 ratio were not significantly different in tobacco, alcohol and cannabis users compared to non-users. However, Chemsex-associated drug users may represent a population at risk of chronic inflammation, the specific determinants of which merit further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03296202.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Devos
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, 146, rue Léo Saignat-CS61292, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France ,grid.42399.350000 0004 0593 7118CHU de Bordeaux, COREVIH Nouvelle Aquitaine, INSERM, U1219, 1 Rue Jean Burguet, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabrice Bonnet
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, 146, rue Léo Saignat-CS61292, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France ,grid.42399.350000 0004 0593 7118CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, INSERM, U1219, 1 Rue Jean Burguet, 33000 Bordeaux, France ,grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, BPH, U1219, CIC-P 1401, 146, rue Léo Saignat-CS61292, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Mojgan Hessamfar
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, 146, rue Léo Saignat-CS61292, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France ,grid.42399.350000 0004 0593 7118CHU de Bordeaux, COREVIH Nouvelle Aquitaine, INSERM, U1219, 1 Rue Jean Burguet, 33000 Bordeaux, France ,grid.42399.350000 0004 0593 7118CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, INSERM, U1219, 1 Rue Jean Burguet, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Neau
- grid.42399.350000 0004 0593 7118CHU de Bordeaux, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, INSERM, U1219, Pl. Amélie Raba Léon, U121933000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marc-Olivier Vareil
- grid.418076.c0000 0001 0226 3611Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Service de Maladies Infectieuses, 13 Avenue de l’interne Jacques Loëb, BP 8, 64109 Bayonne Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Leleux
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, BPH, U1219, CIC-P 1401, 146, rue Léo Saignat-CS61292, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Charles Cazanave
- grid.42399.350000 0004 0593 7118CHU de Bordeaux, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, INSERM, U1219, Pl. Amélie Raba Léon, U121933000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas Rouanes
- Centre Hospitalier de Périgueux, Service de Médecine Polyvalente, 80 Av. Georges Pompidou, 22400 Périgueux, France
| | - Pierre Duffau
- grid.42399.350000 0004 0593 7118CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, INSERM, U1219, 1 Rue Jean Burguet, 33000 Bordeaux, France ,grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Univ. Bordeaux, Department of Immunology, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Estibaliz Lazaro
- grid.42399.350000 0004 0593 7118CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Interne, 1 Avenue de Magellan, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - François Dabis
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, 146, rue Léo Saignat-CS61292, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France ,grid.42399.350000 0004 0593 7118CHU de Bordeaux, COREVIH Nouvelle Aquitaine, INSERM, U1219, 1 Rue Jean Burguet, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Linda Wittkop
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, 146, rue Léo Saignat-CS61292, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France ,grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, BPH, U1219, CIC-P 1401, 146, rue Léo Saignat-CS61292, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France ,Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, INRIA, BPH, U1219, 146, rue Léo Saignat-CS61292, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France ,grid.508062.90000 0004 8511 8605CHU de Bordeaux, Service d’information médicale, INSERM, U1219, 146, rue Léo Saignat-CS61292, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Diana Barger
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, 146, rue Léo Saignat-CS61292, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer and Liver Cirrhosis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092269. [PMID: 35565397 PMCID: PMC9105927 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There is a higher incidence rate of upper gastrointestinal cancer in those with liver cirrhosis. The contributing factors include gastric ulcers, congestive gastropathy, zinc deficiency, alcohol drinking, tobacco use and gut microbiota. Most of the de novo malignancies that develop after liver transplantation for cirrhotic patients are upper gastrointestinal cancers. The surgical risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers in cirrhotic patients with advanced liver cirrhosis is higher. Abstract The extended scope of upper gastrointestinal cancer can include esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer. A higher incidence rate of gastric cancer and esophageal cancer in patients with liver cirrhosis has been reported. It is attributable to four possible causes which exist in cirrhotic patients, including a higher prevalence of gastric ulcers and congestive gastropathy, zinc deficiency, alcohol drinking and tobacco use and coexisting gut microbiota. Helicobacter pylori infection enhances the development of gastric cancer. In addition, Helicobacter pylori, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans also contribute to the development of pancreatic cancer in cirrhotic patients. Cirrhotic patients (especially those with alcoholic liver cirrhosis) who undergo liver transplantation have a higher overall risk of developing de novo malignancies. Most de novo malignancies are upper gastrointestinal malignancies. The prognosis is usually poor. Considering the surgical risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer among those with liver cirrhosis, a radical gastrectomy with D1 or D2 lymph node dissection can be undertaken in Child class A patients. D1 lymph node dissection can be performed in Child class B patients. Endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric cancer or esophageal cancer can be undertaken safely in selected cirrhotic patients. In Child class C patients, a radical gastrectomy is potentially fatal. Pancreatic radical surgery should be avoided in those with liver cirrhosis with Child class B or a MELD score over 15. The current review focuses on the recent reports on some factors in liver cirrhosis that contribute to the development of upper gastrointestinal cancer. Quitting alcohol drinking and tobacco use is important. How to decrease the risk of the development of gastrointestinal cancer in those with liver cirrhosis remains a challenging problem.
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Fernandes JR, Pinto TNC, Arruda LB, da Silva CCBM, de Carvalho CRF, Pinto RMC, da Silva Duarte AJ, Benard G. Age-associated phenotypic imbalance in TCD4 and TCD8 cell subsets: comparison between healthy aged, smokers, COPD patients and young adults. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2022; 19:9. [PMID: 35164774 PMCID: PMC8842531 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
COPD is associated with an abnormal lung immune response that leads to tissue damage and remodeling of the lung, but also to systemic effects that compromise immune responses. Cigarette smoking also impacts on innate and adaptative immune responses, exerting dual, pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. Previously, we showed that COPD patients presented accelerated telomere shortening and decreased telomerase activity, while, paradoxically, cigarette-smokers exhibited preserved telomerase activity and slower rate of telomere shortening.
Results
Here, we evaluated the naive, CM, EM and TEMRA subsets of TCD4 and TCD8 cells according to the expression of CCR7/CD45RA. We compared age-matched COPD patients, cigarette-smokers without clinical-laboratory evidence of pulmonary compromise, and healthy individuals. They were additionally compared with a group of young adults. For each subset we analysed the expression of markers associated with late differentiation, senescence and exhaustion (CD27/CD28/CD57/KLRG1/PD1). We show that COPD patients presented a drastically reduced naive cells pool, and, paradoxically, increased fractions of naive cells expressing late differentiation, senescence or exhaustion markers, likely impacting on their immunocompetence. Pronounced phenotypic alterations were also evidenced in their three memory T-cell subsets compared with the other aged and young groups, suggesting an also dysfunctional memory pool. Surprisingly, our smokers showed a profile closer to the Healthy aged than COPD patients. They exhibited the usual age-associated shift of naive to EM TCD4 and TCD8 cells, but not to CM or TEMRA T-cells. Nonetheless, their naive T-cells phenotypes were in general similar to those of the Youngs and Healthy aged, suggesting a rather phenotypically preserved subset, while the memory T-cells exhibited increased proportions of cells with the late-differentiation or senescence/exhaustion markers as in the Healthy aged.
Conclusion
Our study extends previous findings by showing that COPD patients have cells expressing a full range of late differentiated, senescent or exhausted phenotypes encompassing all TCD4 and TCD8 subsets, consistent with a premature immunosenescence phenotype. Surprisingly, the smokers group’s results suggest that moderate to heavy chronic cigarette smoking did not accelerate the pace of immunosenescence as compared with the Healthy aged.
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Prevalence of High-Risk HPV Types in Women with Negative Cervical Cytology in a State of Northeast India with a High Burden of Cervical Cancer. INDIAN JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40944-022-00610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Morales JS, Valenzuela PL, Castillo-García A, Butragueño J, Jiménez-Pavón D, Carrera-Bastos P, Lucia A. The Exposome and Immune Health in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2021; 14:24. [PMID: 35010900 PMCID: PMC8746533 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the importance of lifestyle and environmental exposures-collectively referred to as the 'exposome'-for ensuring immune health. In this narrative review, we summarize and discuss the effects of the different exposome components (physical activity, body weight management, diet, sun exposure, stress, sleep and circadian rhythms, pollution, smoking, and gut microbiome) on immune function and inflammation, particularly in the context of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We highlight the potential role of 'exposome improvements' in the prevention-or amelioration, once established-of this disease as well as their effect on the response to vaccination. In light of the existing evidence, the promotion of a healthy exposome should be a cornerstone in the prevention and management of the COVID-19 pandemic and other eventual pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier S. Morales
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad de Cádiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain;
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Pedro L. Valenzuela
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (A.L.)
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (‘PaHerg’), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (‘imas12′), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Butragueño
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Polytechnic University of Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - David Jiménez-Pavón
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad de Cádiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain;
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden;
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (A.L.)
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (‘PaHerg’), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (‘imas12′), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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11
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McConaghy K, Kunze KN, Murray T, Molloy R, Piuzzi NS. Smoking Cessation Initiatives in Total Joint Arthroplasty: An Evidence-Based Review. JBJS Rev 2021; 9:01874474-202108000-00012. [PMID: 34449441 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.21.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
» As smoking increases the risk of adverse events and leads to increased hospital costs following total joint arthroplasty (TJA), many institutions have introduced perioperative smoking cessation initiatives. Although such programs have been demonstrated to improve outcomes for smokers undergoing TJA, the optimal approach, duration, and timing of smoking cessation models have not been well-defined. » Overall, initiating a smoking cessation program 4 weeks preoperatively is likely adequate to provide clinically meaningful reductions in postoperative complications for smokers following TJA, although longer periods of cessation should be encouraged if feasible. » Patients brought in for emergency surgical treatment who cannot participate in a preoperative intervention may still benefit from an intervention instituted in the immediate postoperative period. » Cotinine testing may provide some benefit for encouraging successful smoking cessation and validating self-reported smoking status, although its utility is limited by its short half-life. Further study is needed to determine the value of other measures of cessation such as carbon monoxide breath testing. » Smoking cessation programs instituted prior to TJA have been demonstrated to be cost-effective over both the short and long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara McConaghy
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kyle N Kunze
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Trevor Murray
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Robert Molloy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nicolas S Piuzzi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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12
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Fernandes JR, Pinto TNC, Piemonte LL, Arruda LB, Marques da Silva CCB, F Carvalho CR, Pinto RMC, S Duarte AJ, Benard G. Long-term tobacco exposure and immunosenescence: Paradoxical effects on T-cells telomere length and telomerase activity. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 197:111501. [PMID: 34000259 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Immunosenescence are alterations on immune system that occurs throughout an individual life. The main characteristic of this process is replicative senescence, evaluated by telomere shortening. Several factors implicate on telomere shortening, such as smoking. In this study, we evaluated the influence of smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) on cytokines, telomere length and telomerase activity. Blood samples were collected from subjects aged over 60 years old: Healthy (never smokers), Smokers (smoking for over 30 years) and COPDs (ex-smokers for ≥15 years). A young group was included as control. PBMCs were cultured for assessment of telomerase activity using RT-PCR, and cytokines secretion flow cytometry. CD4+ and CD8+ purified lymphocytes were used to assess telomere length using FlowFISH. We observed that COPD patients have accelerated telomere shortening. Paradoxically, smokers without lung damage showed preserved telomere length, suggesting that tobacco smoking may affect regulatory mechanisms, such as telomerase. Telomerase activity showed diminished activity in COPDs, while Smokers showed increased activity compared to COPDs and Healthy groups. Extracellular environment reflected this unbalance, indicated by an anti-inflammatory profile in Smokers, while COPDs showed an inflammatory prone profile. Further studies focusing on telomeric maintenance may unveil mechanisms that are associated with cancer under long-term smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Ruiz Fernandes
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM56), School of Medicine, São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thalyta Nery Carvalho Pinto
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM56), School of Medicine, São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Lopes Piemonte
- Permanent Education School, School of Medicine, São Paulo University, Av. Dr Ovidio Pires de Campo, 471, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Liã Barbara Arruda
- Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Celso R F Carvalho
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, São Paulo University, R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 255, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina Maria Carvalho Pinto
- Pulmonary Department, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto J S Duarte
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM56), School of Medicine, São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gil Benard
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM56), School of Medicine, São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Zupo R, Castellana F, Panza F, Castellana M, Lampignano L, Cincione RI, Triggiani V, Giannelli G, Dibello V, Sardone R, De Pergola G. Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is Positively Associated with Increased Glycated Haemoglobin Levels in Subjects without Diabetes. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1695. [PMID: 33920792 PMCID: PMC8071132 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Screening for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is key step for primary management of fatty liver in the clinical setting. Excess weight subjects carry a greater metabolic risk even before exhibiting pathological patterns, including diabetes. We characterized the cross-sectional relationship between routine circulating biomarkers and NAFLD in a large sample of diabetes-free subjects with overweight or obesity, to elucidate any independent relationship. A population sample of 1232 consecutive subjects with a body mass index of at least 25 kg/m2, not receiving any drug or supplemental therapy, was studied. Clinical data and routine biochemistry were analyzed. NAFLD was defined using the validated fatty liver index (FLI), classifying subjects with a score ≥ 60% as at high risk. Due to extreme skewing of variables of interest, resampling matching for age and sex was performed. Our study population was characterized by a majority of females (69.90%) and a prevalence of NAFLD in males (88.90%). As a first step, propensity score matching was explicitly performed to balance the two groups according to the FLI cut-off. Based on the resulting statistical trajectories, corroborated even after data matching, we built two logistic regression models on the matched population (N = 732) to verify any independent association. We found that each unit increase of FT3 implicated a 50% increased risk of NAFLD (OR 1.506, 95%CI 1.064 to 2.131). When including glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the model, free-triiodothyronine (FT3) lost significance (OR 1.557, 95%CI 0.784 to 3.089) while each unit increase in HbA1c (%) indicated a significantly greater NAFLD risk, by almost two-fold (OR 2.32, 95%CI 1.193 to 4.512). Glucose metabolism dominates a key pathway along the hazard trajectories of NAFLD, turned out to be key biomarker in monitoring the risk of fatty liver in diabetes-free overweight subjects. Each unit increase in HbA1c (%) indicated a significantly greater NAFLD risk, by almost two-fold, in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Zupo
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (L.L.); (R.S.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Fabio Castellana
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (L.L.); (R.S.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Francesco Panza
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (L.L.); (R.S.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Marco Castellana
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (L.L.); (R.S.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Luisa Lampignano
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (L.L.); (R.S.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Raffaele Ivan Cincione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Disease, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
| | - Vittorio Dibello
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Rodolfo Sardone
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (L.L.); (R.S.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (L.L.); (R.S.); (G.D.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, Policlinico, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
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14
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Kaplan A, Abidi E, Habeichi NJ, Ghali R, Alawasi H, Fakih C, Zibara K, Kobeissy F, Husari A, Booz GW, Zouein FA. Gender-biased kidney damage in mice following exposure to tobacco cigarette smoke: More protection in premenopausal females. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14339. [PMID: 31981316 PMCID: PMC6981307 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple clinical studies documented renal damage in chronic cigarette smokers (CS) irrespective of their age and gender. Premenopausal female smokers are known to exert a certain cardiovascular and renal protection with undefined mechanisms. Given the multiple demographic variables within clinical studies, this experimental study was designed to be the first to assess whether gender‐biased CS‐induced kidney damage truly exists between premenopausal female and age‐matched C57Bl6J male mice when compared to their relative control groups. Following 6 weeks of CS exposure, cardiac function, inflammatory marker production, fibrosis formation, total and glomerular ROS levels, and glomerulotubular homeostasis were assessed in both genders. Although both CS‐exposed male and female mice exhibited comparable ROS fold change relative to their respective control groups, CS‐exposed male mice showed a more pronounced fibrotic deposition, inflammation, and glomerulotubular damage profile. However, the protection observed in CS‐exposed female group was not absolute. CS‐exposed female mice exhibited a significant increase in fibrosis, ROS production, and glomerulotubular alteration but with a pronounced anti‐inflammatory profile when compared to their relative control groups. Although both CS‐exposed genders presented with altered glomerulotubular homeostasis, the alteration phenotype between genders was different. CS‐exposed males showed a significant decrease in Bowman's space along with reduced tubular diameter consistent with an endocrinization pattern of chronic tubular atrophy, suggestive of an advanced stage of glomerulotubular damage. CS‐exposed female group, on the other hand, displayed glomerular hypertrophy with a mild tubular dilatation profile suggestive of an early stage of glomerulotubular damage that generally precedes collapse. In conclusion, both genders are prone to CS‐induced kidney damage with pronounced female protection due to a milder damage slope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Kaplan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Emna Abidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nada J Habeichi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rana Ghali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hiam Alawasi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Christina Fakih
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kazem Zibara
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Husari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Sleep Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Fouad A Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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16
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Burchiel SW, Lauer FT, Factor-Litvak P, Liu X, Santella RM, Islam T, Eunus M, Alam N, Islam T, Rahman M, Ahmed A, Ahsan H, Graziano J, Parvez F. An increase in circulating B cells and B cell activation markers in peripheral blood is associated with cigarette smoking in a male cohort in Bangladesh. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 384:114783. [PMID: 31669812 PMCID: PMC6886671 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In a cohort of approximately 200 Bangladeshi men, equally divided into smokers and non-smokers and equally divided by exposure to high and low levels of drinking water arsenic, we examined ex vivo a series of immune markers and immune function tests in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). These immune parameters included PBMC cell surface markers (CSM) for B, T, monocytes, and NK cells, activated T and B cell markers, cytokine production in vitro, and analysis of CD4 subsets (Th1, Th2, Treg, and Th17 cells). We found that the effects of cigarette smoke were quite different than those associated with arsenic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts. Cigarette smoking was associated with a significant increase in the number of PAH-DNA adducts as well as an increase in urinary levels of 1-hydropxypyrene (1-OHP). After correcting for arsenic exposure and PAH-DNA adducts, we found that cigarette smoking was associated with an increase in the percentage of CD19+ B cells, as well as the percentage of activated B cells (CD19+, HLA-DRbright cells) found in PBMC. These findings demonstrate activation of the immune system during chronic exposure to cigarette smoke, which is a known risk factor for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W Burchiel
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America.
| | - Fredine T Lauer
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Regina M Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Tariqul Islam
- University of Chicago Field Research Office, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbubul Eunus
- University of Chicago Field Research Office, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Nur Alam
- University of Chicago Field Research Office, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Tariqul Islam
- University of Chicago Field Research Office, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Mizanour Rahman
- University of Chicago Field Research Office, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Alauddin Ahmed
- University of Chicago Field Research Office, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
| | - Joseph Graziano
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Faruque Parvez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
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Barão FTDF, Barão VHP, Gornati VC, Silvestre GCR, Silva AQ, Lacchini S, de Castro MM, De Luccia N, da Silva ES. Study of the Biomechanical and Histological Properties of the Abdominal Aorta of Diabetic Rats Exposed to Cigarette Smoke. J Vasc Res 2019; 56:255-266. [PMID: 31533112 DOI: 10.1159/000502688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In spite of the great relevance of abdominal aortic aneurysm, its etiopathogenesis is not fully understood. The biomechanical and histological study of the aortic wall may contribute to this elucidation. METHODS Seventy-five male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control (CG), smoker (SG), diabetic (DG), and diabetic + smoker (DSG). The SG and DSG rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for 30 min/day, 5 days a week. Diabetes was induced by the intravenous injection of streptozotocin. After 16 weeks, the abdominal aorta was collected for biomechanical, histological, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) activity analyses. RESULTS The valid biomechanical tests of 52 specimens were analyzed: 11 in the CG, 10 in the DG, 16 in the SG, and 15 in the DSG. The biomechanical analysis of the fragments showed no differences between the control, DG, SG, and DSG. Collagen deposition also did not present a significant difference between the studied groups. The total count of elastic fibers was higher in diabetic rats (DG and DSG) than in the SG. The inflammatory response observed in all experimental groups was significantly more intense than in the CG. Compared to the DSG, MMP-2 activity showed a significant decrease in the DG. CONCLUSIONS Resistance and elasticity did not present a difference between the CG and the DG, SG, and DSG. Compared to the CG, the total count of elastic fibers, fragmentation of the elastic lamina, pericellular matrix deposition, and cell loss/substitution in the tunica media showed significant alterations in the aortic walls of the DG, SG, and DSG. MMP-2 activity was lower in the DG aorta than in the DSG aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Trajano de Freitas Barão
- Vascular and Endovascular Division and Surgical Technique Division, Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Vivian Helena Pedroso Barão
- Vascular and Endovascular Division and Surgical Technique Division, Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Cervantes Gornati
- Vascular and Endovascular Division and Surgical Technique Division, Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gina Camillo Rocha Silvestre
- Vascular and Endovascular Division and Surgical Technique Division, Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Queiroz Silva
- Vascular and Endovascular Division and Surgical Technique Division, Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Lacchini
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michele Mazzaron de Castro
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelson De Luccia
- Vascular and Endovascular Division and Surgical Technique Division, Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erasmo Simão da Silva
- Vascular and Endovascular Division and Surgical Technique Division, Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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Schnall R, Jia H, Reame N. Association Between HIV Symptom Burden and Inflammatory Cytokines: An Analysis by Sex and Menopause Stage. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2019; 29:119-127. [PMID: 31433243 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2019.7749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: There is a growing body of knowledge characterizing the menopause experience in those with HIV. The primary goal of this study was to assess inflammatory cytokine associations with symptoms and sex-specific differences, and the secondary focus was to assess differences among women by menopause status. Materials and Methods: One hundred persons living with HIV (PLWH) (25 men and 75 women recruited by menopause stage) completed a blood draw for hormones and cytokines and study questions on demographics, height and weight, reproductive health status, HIV symptoms, PROMIS-29 measures, and most recent viral load; study visits were synchronized to the early follicular phase in women with regular cycles. Results: In both sexes, the most burdensome HIV symptoms were muscle aches/joint pain, difficulty falling asleep, fatigue, and neuropathy. Three of the five symptoms where burden scores differed by menopause stage were related to pain with highest scores in the premenopause group; the postmenopause group also demonstrated a similar burden for muscle aches/joint pain while scores for men and perimenopause women were lowest. Pain intensity scores on the PROMIS-29 also varied significantly by groups. After controlling for sex, menopause stage and body mass index, significant differences were noted in C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 for PLWH who reported muscle aches/joint pain. Conclusions: Our findings suggest enhanced burden for HIV-related symptoms in women in the early follicular phase, possibly owing to menstruation. This supports the need for more targeted investigations in younger cycling women with HIV at multiple phases across the menstrual cycle. Muscle aches/pain are strongly associated with decreased CRP and IL-8 levels and increased IL-6 levels suggesting the need for further investigation of the biological pathways contributing to pain in PLWH. Finally, there is evidence to support that in PLWH, systemic inflammation is heightened above recommended clinical guidelines even when viral load is undetectable supporting the need for further study of the effects of persistent elevated inflammation on health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haomiao Jia
- Columbia University, School of Nursing, New York, New York
| | - Nancy Reame
- Columbia University, School of Nursing, New York, New York
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19
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Xiong M, Li J, Yang S, Zeng F, Ji Y, Liu J, Wu Q, He Q, Tang X, Jiang R, Zhou F, Chen Y, Wen W, Chen J, Hou J. Impacts of cigarette smoking on liver fibrosis and its regression under therapy in male patients with chronic hepatitis B. Liver Int 2019; 39:1428-1436. [PMID: 30920714 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The role of cigarette smoking in the development of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains poorly understood. We assessed the potential contributions of cigarette smoking to liver fibrosis and its regression after starting antiviral therapy in CHB patients. METHODS In this cohort study, 2144 consecutive male CHB patients under no antiviral therapy were evaluated and 206 patients with significant liver fibrosis (≥F2) initiating antiviral therapy had longitudinal follow-up. Liver fibrosis was measured by liver stiffness measurement using transient elastography. To adjust for imbalances between smoking history and never smoking groups, propensity score (PS) matching model with 1:1 ratios were performed. Cigarette smoking history and intensity (pack-years) were collected and documented using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS Before PS matching, 432/2144 patients had advanced fibrosis in prevalence cohort. Patients with smoking history (n = 1002) had a greater prevalence of advanced fibrosis than those without (n = 1142) (24.4% vs 16.5%, P = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that smoking contributed to advanced fibrosis (OR, 1.458; 95% CI, 1.114-1.908). In longitudinal cohort, multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated retarded fibrosis regression in patients with history of smoking ≥10 pack-years (OR, 0.288; 95% CI, 0.1-0.825). After PS matching, patients with smoking history had higher prevalence of advanced fibrosis (22.8% vs 18%, P = 0.024) than those non-smokers. In post-PS-matching logistic regression, the effect of smoking on advanced fibrosis persisted (OR, 1.415; 95% CI, 1.047-1.912; P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking in male CHB patients aggravated liver fibrosis prior to and delayed fibrosis regression under antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xiong
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junying Li
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuling Yang
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fansen Zeng
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yali Ji
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoping Wu
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingjun He
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Tang
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ronglong Jiang
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuyuan Zhou
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongpeng Chen
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqun Wen
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinjun Chen
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlin Hou
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Mu Y, Patters BJ, Midde NM, He H, Kumar S, Cory TJ. Tobacco and Antiretrovirals Modulate Transporter, Metabolic Enzyme, and Antioxidant Enzyme Expression and Function in Polarized Macrophages. Curr HIV Res 2019; 16:354-363. [PMID: 30706821 PMCID: PMC6446460 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x17666190130114531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking increases systemic oxidative stress, inflammation, and viral replication in individuals with HIV. Macrophages are infected during HIV infection and serve as an important reservoir throughout the process. Macrophages exist in two phenotypes, the classically activated M1 macrophage and alternatively activated M2 macrophage. The expression of drug efflux transporters and metabolic enzymes, which have direct effects on intracellular drug concentrations, differ between the pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage and the anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage. OBJECTIVE To further explain the role of tobacco use in worsened outcomes in the HIV + population receiving antiretroviral therapy. METHODS Western blotting was used to examine macrophage polarization and expression of drug efflux transporters, CYP enzymes, and antioxidant enzymes. The arginase assay was used to measure arginase activity. Cytokine production was measured using the human multiplex inflammatory cytokine assay kit. The 8-OHdG DNA Damage Quantification Direct Kit was used to quantify DNA damage. Viral replication under the influence of tobacco and antiretroviral drug use was measured by p24 Elisa. RESULTS We observed phenotypic shifts from M1 to M2 with both individual and combination treatments with cigarette smoke condensate and the protease inhibitor antiretroviral drug lopinavir. These shifts lead to changes in cytokine production, the expression of CYP enzymes, anti-oxidant enzymes, and drug efflux transporters, as well as changes in viral replication. CONCLUSION This data suggest a mechanism by which tobacco use impairs HIV antiretroviral therapy to increase intracellular drug concentrations in this important cellular reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Mu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, Memphis, United States
| | - Benjamin J Patters
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, Memphis, United States
| | - Narasimha M Midde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, Memphis, United States
| | - Hui He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, Memphis, United States
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, Memphis, United States
| | - Theodore J Cory
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, Memphis, United States
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21
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Sun J, Li Y, Sun X, Liu Y, Zheng D, Fan L. Association between abdominal obesity and liver steatosis and fibrosis among patients with chronic hepatitis B measured by Fibroscan. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1891-1898. [PMID: 31410151 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present cross-sectional study aimed to assess hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with abdominal obesity and to explore the associated indicators. A total of 615 CHB patients were enrolled and 287 of them had abdominal obesity. The liver stiffness value was measured using Fibroscan. The diagnosis of liver fibrosis was confirmed by a liver stiffness value of >7.4 kPa, and a value of >10.6 kPa was considered to indicate advanced liver fibrosis. The Fibroscan results suggested that the liver stiffness value in patients with abdominal obesity was significantly higher than that in patients without abdominal obesity (9.94±11.59 vs. 7.47±7.58 kPa; P=0.002). The proportions of patients with liver fibrosis and advanced liver fibrosis among patients with abdominal obesity were significantly higher than those among patients without abdominal obesity (P=0.011). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a high aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level [odds ratio (OR)=2.991; P<0.001], smoking (OR=2.002; P=0.019) and diabetes mellitus (OR=2.047; P=0.029) were independent indicators for liver fibrosis in CHB patients with abdominal obesity. Furthermore, a high AST level (OR=1.024; P<0.001), alcohol consumption (OR=1.994; P=0.032) and diabetes mellitus (OR=1.977; P=0.045) were independent indicators for advanced hepatic fibrosis. The indicators associated with liver steatosis included high body weight (OR=1.113; P<0.001) and high diastolic blood pressure (OR=1.079; P=0.002). In conclusion, the present study indicated that abdominal obesity significantly exacerbates liver fibrosis in CHB patients. For CHB patients with abdominal obesity and a risk of developing liver fibrosis, priority screening and timely intervention should be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Hepatology, Yantai Infectious Disease Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Department of Hepatology, Yantai Infectious Disease Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Xuying Sun
- Department of Hepatology, Yantai Infectious Disease Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Youde Liu
- Department of Hepatology, Yantai Infectious Disease Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Danxia Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
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22
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Jung HS, Chang Y, Kwon MJ, Sung E, Yun KE, Cho YK, Shin H, Ryu S. Smoking and the Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cohort Study. Am J Gastroenterol 2019; 114:453-463. [PMID: 30353055 DOI: 10.1038/s41395-018-0283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of smoking in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains controversial. We assessed the risk of incident NAFLD according to smoking status and urinary cotinine levels. METHODS We performed a cohort study of 199,468 Korean adults without NAFLD at baseline who were followed annually or biennially for a median of 4.1 years. The presence of fatty liver was determined using ultrasound. NAFLD severity was assessed using NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), a non-invasive fibrosis marker. RESULTS During 1,070,991 person-years of follow-up, 45,409 participants developed NAFLD. Self-reported current smoking, pack-years, and urinary cotinine level were significantly associated with increased risk for NAFLD. For men, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) (95% confidence intervals (CI)) for incident NAFLD comparing 10-19.9, and ≥20 pack-years to 0 pack-years were 1.25 (1.21- 1.29), and 1.36 (1.30-1.42), respectively; for women, aHR (95% CI) for NAFLD comparing 5-9.9, and ≥10 pack-years to 0 pack-years were 1.25 (1.04-1.50), and 1.46 (1.17-1.81), respectively. Smoking pack-years were also associated with increased risk for NAFLD plus intermediate or high fibrosis score. For men, the aHR (95% CI) for NAFLD plus intermediate or high NFS comparing ≥20 pack-years to 0 pack-years was 1.29 (1.18-1.42); for women, the aHR (95% CI) comparing ≥10 pack-years to 0 pack-years was 1.75 (1.12-2.73). CONCLUSIONS In a large cohort of young and middle-aged men and women, current smoking, pack-years, and urinary cotinine levels were positively associated with the risk of incident NAFLD, suggesting that smoking contributes to the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Suk Jung
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kwon
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunju Sung
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Yun
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hocheol Shin
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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23
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Psychosocial Assessment of Candidates for Transplantation scale (PACT) and survival after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2018; 54:1013-1021. [PMID: 30353064 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-018-0371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that patient pre-transplant psychosocial risk factors predict survival after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and importance of comprehensive psychosocial assessment during pre-transplant period is increasingly acknowledged. Psychosocial screening process, however, has not been standardized across transplant centers and its predictive value has not yet been confirmed. An observational cohort study was conducted to explore the relationships between psychosocial variables, assessed with the Psychosocial Assessment of Candidates for Transplantation (PACT) scale, and post-transplant overall survival (OS) of patients with hematologic malignancies who received allogeneic HSCT as treatment. Overall, 119 patient medical records were reviewed to determine the PACT score. After controlling for clinical and demographic covariates, lower PACT scores in the domain of compliance with medications and medical advice were significantly associated with poorer OS (HR = 1.75, P = 0.03). Lower PACT ratings in the subscales of personality and psychopathology (HR = 1.35, P = 0.08), lifestyle factors (HR = 1.43, P = 0.08), and relevant disease knowledge and receptiveness to education (HR = 1.32, P = 0.08) tended to be associated with shorter OS. These findings suggested the association between pre-transplant psychosocial factors using PACT and post-transplant OS in patients receiving allogeneic HSCT.
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24
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Del Papa N, Pignataro F, Zaccara E, Maglione W, Minniti A. Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2390. [PMID: 30386340 PMCID: PMC6198074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease, characterized by high mortality and morbidity. The heterogeneity in terms of extent, severity, and rate of progression of skin and internal organ involvement gives rise to many difficulties in finding the optimal therapeutic interventions for SSc and, to date, no disease-modifying agents are available. In this scenario, it is not surprising that SSc was one of the first autoimmune diseases challenged with high-dose immunosuppressive treatment followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). In the last decades, AHSCT has emerged as a treatment option for refractory SSc through a reduction of the aberrant immune cells, followed by re-constitution of a new, self-tolerant immune system. After several case series and pilot studies, more recently three randomized controlled trials have shown a benefit in skin involvement, organ functions and quality of life measures in AHSCT compared to monthly cyclophosphamide. In addition, although AHSCT presents a certain risk of mortality, it has been shown that the overall survival is better, compared to the cyclophosphamide group. Current evidence suggests that SSc patients who are most likely to benefit from AHSCT are early, active, with rapidly progressing diffuse skin disease, and mild involvement of internal organs. As the studies have progressed, it has become evident the need for a more rigorous patient selection, the optimization of transplant and post-transplant procedures, and the intervention of multidisciplinary teams of specialists to increase the safety and efficacy of AHSCT in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Del Papa
- Dipartimento di Fisiatria e Reumatologia, Istituto Ortopedico Gaetano Pini, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Pignataro
- Dipartimento di Fisiatria e Reumatologia, Istituto Ortopedico Gaetano Pini, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Zaccara
- Dipartimento di Fisiatria e Reumatologia, Istituto Ortopedico Gaetano Pini, Milan, Italy
| | - Wanda Maglione
- Dipartimento di Fisiatria e Reumatologia, Istituto Ortopedico Gaetano Pini, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonina Minniti
- Dipartimento di Fisiatria e Reumatologia, Istituto Ortopedico Gaetano Pini, Milan, Italy
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25
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Zhao H, Song X, Li Z, Wang X. Risk factors associated with nonalcohol fatty liver disease and fibrosis among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12356. [PMID: 30212992 PMCID: PMC6156034 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely related to hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients with T2DM and to explore the risk factors.A total of 629 patients with T2DM were enrolled. Liver stiffness value (LSV) and controlled attenuation parameters (CAP) were measured using Fibroscan. Liver fibrosis was diagnosed when LSV was greater than 7.4 kPa, and advanced liver fibrosis was diagnosed when LSV was greater than 10.6 kPa. Hepatic steatosis diagnosis was made when CAP value was greater than 238 dB/m. Demographic information, physical examination data, and laboratory tests results were collected. The 629 patients were classified into 2 groups by the liver fibrosis and liver steatosis, and then the difference was analyzed.Among patients enrolled, 231 patients were diagnosed as liver fibrosis. The age of the patients in the fibrosis group was significantly greater than that in the non-fibrosis group, and similar trends were observed in the waist-hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. The proportion of smoking and alcoholic consumption was significantly lower in patients with non-fibrosis group. A total of 426 patients were diagnosed with liver steatosis. Body mass index (BMI), WHR, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure in patients with steatosis were significantly higher than those in non-steatosis group. We observed that the LSV (P = .042) and CAP value (P < .001) are positively correlated with metabolic syndrome components in T2DM patients. Older age (OR = 1.099, P = .001), high BMI (OR = 1.088, P = .003), low platelet level (OR = 0.996, P = .014), and smoking (OR = 1.653, P = .013) were independent risk factors of liver fibrosis among T2DM patients. High BMI (OR = 1.369, P < .001), high diastolic blood pressure (OR = 1.048, P < .001), and high gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (OR = 1.018, P = .009) were independent risk factors for liver steatosis among T2DM patients.This study suggested risk factors screening of liver fibrosis and steatosis. Timely intervention should be taken into consideration among high risk patients to prevent progress liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi
| | - Xiangxin Song
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi
| | - Zhang Li
- Department of Medicine, Xinjiang Altay Region People's Hospital, Altay, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xinling Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi
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26
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Gangwar R, Mittal B, Mittal RD. Association of Interleukin-6 –174G>C Promoter Polymorphism with Risk of Cervical Cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 24:11-6. [DOI: 10.1177/172460080902400102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The etiology of cervical cancer is associated with excessive–inflammation-mediated tumorigenesis. Interleukin-6 ( IL-6), a multifunctional cytokine, regulates inflammation and various physiological processes. We therefore aimed to evaluate the association of the IL-6 –174G>C polymorphism with predisposition to cervical cancer. Materials and methods The present case-control study comprised 160 histopathologically confirmed cases of cervical cancer and 200 healthy controls. Polymorphism for the IL-6 gene was genotyped by amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results We observed a significant association of the IL-6 –174CC genotype with risk of cervical cancer (OR=3.16; p=0.014). An increased risk of developing stage I tumors was found in individuals with a heterozygous (GC) genotype (OR=3.63, p=0.003). In a case-only analysis, the risk was further increased in patients consuming tobacco products (OR=3.14; p=0.033). Conclusion The CC genotype in the IL-6 promoter region may confer a high risk of cervical cancer, which is further modulated in patients who are tobacco users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Balraj Mittal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh - India
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27
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Kim M, Kim M, Yoo HJ, Lee JH. Natural Killer Cell Activity and Interleukin-12 in Metabolically Healthy versus Metabolically Unhealthy Overweight Individuals. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1700. [PMID: 29238351 PMCID: PMC5712537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the immune system is involved in the different metabolic circumstances in healthy and unhealthy overweight individuals. We examined the metabolic and immune characteristics of 117 overweight individuals. Subjects were classified as metabolically healthy overweight (MHO, n = 72) or metabolically unhealthy overweight (MUO, n = 45). The immune response was measured by circulating levels of natural killer (NK) cell activity and cytokines. Both groups were comparable with regards to age, sex distribution, smoking and drinking status, and body mass index. When compared to the MHO group, the MUO group showed higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum levels of triglyceride, glucose, glucose-related markers, and lower levels of HDL cholesterol. Compared to the MHO group, the MUO group showed 39% lower interferon-γ levels (not significant) and 41% lower interleukin (IL)-12 levels (significant). The MUO group also showed lower NK cell activity at E:T ratios of 10:1, 5:1, 2.5:1, and 1.25:1 (all Ps < 0.05) than the MHO group. This study indicates that individuals displaying the MUO phenotype present an unfavorable immune system with lower NK cell activities under all assay conditions and lower serum levels of IL-12 than the activities and levels in similarly overweight MHO individuals. This result suggests that the immune system may be altered in overweight individuals who are at risk for overweight/obesity-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjoo Kim
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minkyung Kim
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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28
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Intracellular and Extracellular Cytokines in A549 Cells and THP1 Cells Exposed to Cigarette Smoke. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 910:39-45. [PMID: 26987337 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) activates inflammatory cells and increases cytokine levels producing local and systemic inflammation. To assess changes in intracellular and extracellular cytokine levels we used human epithelial (A549 cells) and monocyte (THP-1) cell lines grown for 24 h in cigarette smoke-conditioned media. Cytokines were assessed using immunostaining/flow cytometry and ELISA assay. In THP1cells, grown in CS-conditioned media, the intracellular interleukins IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 increased by more than tenfold, while less significant increases were found in A549 cells. IL-1α and IL-1β, but not IL-6 or IL-10, were increased in the culture media, while IL-2 was raised by about fivefold only in the culture medium of A549 cells. IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were undetectable, while only a slight increase was observed in extracellular IL-17A (by about 60 %) in the medium of A549 cells and by about 115 % in the medium of THP1 cells. The interferon gamma (IFNγ) was increased by about eightfold, but only in the medium of THP1 cells grown with CS. We conclude that IL-1 and INFγ are the key cytokines responsible for pro-inflammatory signaling in epithelial cells and monocytes, respectively, exposed to cigarette smoke.
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29
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Spreafico A, Coate L, Zhai R, Xu W, Chen ZF, Chen Z, Patel D, Tse B, Brown MC, Heist RS, Dodbiba L, Teichman J, Kulke M, Su L, Eng L, Knox J, Wong R, Darling GE, Christiani DC, Liu G. Early adulthood body mass index, cumulative smoking, and esophageal adenocarcinoma survival. Cancer Epidemiol 2017; 47:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Natural Killer Cells in the Orchestration of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:4218254. [PMID: 28428965 PMCID: PMC5385901 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4218254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, altered immune cell phenotype, and functions are key features shared by diverse chronic diseases, including cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Natural killer cells are innate lymphoid cells primarily involved in the immune system response to non-self-components but their plasticity is largely influenced by the pathological microenvironment. Altered NK phenotype and function have been reported in several pathological conditions, basically related to impaired or enhanced toxicity. Here we reviewed and discussed the role of NKs in selected, different, and “distant” chronic diseases, cancer, diabetes, periodontitis, and atherosclerosis, placing NK cells as crucial orchestrator of these pathologic conditions.
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31
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Kastelein TE, Donges CE, Mendham AE, Duffield R. The Acute Exercise-Induced Inflammatory Response: A Comparison of Young-Adult Smokers and Nonsmokers. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2017; 88:15-25. [PMID: 27805476 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2016.1239012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined postexercise inflammatory and leukocyte responses in smokers and nonsmokers, as well as the effects of cigarette smoking on the acute postexercise inflammatory and leukocyte response in habitual smokers. METHOD Eleven recreationally active male smokers and 11 nonsmokers matched for age and aerobic fitness were familiarized and underwent baseline fitness testing. Participants then completed 40 min of cycling at 50% peak aerobic workload. Smokers performed 2 randomized exercise sessions, including an acute postexercise smoking condition (2 cigarettes in 15 min of 12 mg tar and 1 mg nicotine) and a no-smoking condition, while nonsmokers performed 1 exercise session without smoking. Venous blood was obtained preexercise and postexercise for analysis of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and c-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS No differences existed between groups for resting CRP (d = 0.25-0.46; p = .374-.617). Despite no baseline difference (d = 0.03-0.07; p = .141-.70), exercise-induced increases were observed for IL-1 ra in smokers (d = 0.50; p = .024-.033), which was not observed in the never-smoker group. No between-group difference was observed for IL-6 across all points (d = 0.09-0.5; p = .102-.728); however, all groups observed significant within-group change (d = 0.27-1.09; p = .001-.042). Further, TNF-α for smokers smoking was elevated above both smokers not smoking and nonsmokers at baseline and across the protocol (d = 1.20-1.80; d = 0.20-1.0; p = .001-.035). Additionally, a marked postexercise increase in leukocyte and neutrophil concentrations was evident in smokers smoking compared with nonsmokers and smokers not smoking as indicated by a moderate-to-large effect size (d = 0.72; d = 0.78). CONCLUSION Consequently, male smokers exhibit an altered postexercise proinflammatory profile compared with age- and fitness-matched nonsmokers.
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32
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Serum levels of nitric oxide and cytokines in smokers at the beginning and after 4months of treatment for smoking cessation. Int J Cardiol 2016; 230:327-331. [PMID: 28040275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nitric oxide (NO) modulates inflammatory reactions, having beneficial or toxic effects depending on the concentration. Its elevation can cause proinflammatory effects amplifying the inflammatory process with the participation of cytokines. Smoking has a negative impact on health and is considered one of the risk factors that influence disease development facilitating inflammatory processes. AIM To compare the serum concentration of NO and cytokines in smokers at baseline and after 4months of abstinence treatment. METHODS Blood samples which were collected to obtain the serum, at baseline and after 4months, were stored at -80°C until analysis. NO was measured by the total dose of nitrite determined by the Greiss method. CBA was the used technique to determine the concentration of cytokines in supernatants serum. The initial and final results of NO, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12 that remained after 4months treatment were compared. Wilcoxon test was used to compare the data and Spearman test for correlations between NO and other variables. A significance level of p<0.05 was adopted. RESULTS The analysis of NO observed a significant reduction (p=0.001) of the initial median value of 18.80 (3.55-80.01) μmol/L to 8.10 (2.85-14.97) μmol/L after 4months of treatment. There were no significant differences in cytokines from baseline to the end of treatment. CONCLUSION The results may not mean harm to the body, but an adaptive process, decreasing the metabolism of abstinents due to the reduction of the use of nicotine.
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Lundgren T, Parhar RS, Renvert S, Tatakis DN. Impaired Cytotoxicity in Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome. J Dent Res 2016; 84:414-7. [PMID: 15840775 DOI: 10.1177/154405910508400503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS), palmoplantar hyperkeratosis with periodontitis, has been genetically characterized. However, suspected associated immune dysfunctions remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to evaluate peripheral blood lymphocyte levels and natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity in PLS. Twenty patients and 20 healthy controls were examined. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry for surface markers. NK cell cytotoxicity against K562 cells was determined by means of a 51Cr release assay. White blood cell differential and proportions of B-, T-, T-helper, T-suppressor, and NK cells revealed only sporadic borderline variations from control values. In contrast, NK cell cytotoxicity was consistently and severely depressed (32–53% of control values) in all patients. To the best of our knowledge, this newly described impairment of NK cell cytotoxic function is the first consistent immune dysfunction reported in PLS. This suggests that the impaired NK cell cytotoxicity might contribute to the pathogenesis of PLS-associated periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lundgren
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Medvedev AE, Sabroe I, Hasday JD, Vogel SN. Invited review: Tolerance to microbial TLR ligands: molecular mechanisms and relevance to disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/09680519060120030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Many host cell types, including endothelial and epithelial cells, neutrophils, monocytes, natural killer cells, dendritic cells and macrophages, initiate the first line of defense against infection by sensing conserved microbial structures through Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Recognition of microbial ligands by TLRs induces their oligomerization and triggers intracellular signaling pathways, leading to production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Dysregulation of the fine molecular mechanisms that tightly control TLR signaling may lead to hyperactivation of host cells by microbial products and septic shock. A prior exposure to bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may result in a transient state of refractoriness to subsequent challenge that has been referred to as `tolerance'. Tolerance has been postulated as a protective mechanism limiting excessive inflammation and preventing septic shock. However, tolerance may compromise the host's ability to counteract subsequent bacterial challenge since many septic patients exhibit an increased incidence of recurrent bacterial infection and suppressed monocyte responsiveness to LPS, closely resembling the tolerant phenotype. Thus, by studying mechanisms of microbial tolerance, we may gain insights into how normal regulatory mechanisms are dysregulated, leading ultimately to microbial hyporesponsivess and life-threatening disease. In this review, we present current theories of the molecular mechanisms that underlie induction and maintenance of `microbial tolerance', and discuss the possible relevance of tolerance to several infectious and non-infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei E. Medvedev
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore (UMB), Baltimore, Maryland, USA,
| | - Ian Sabroe
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jeffrey D. Hasday
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore (UMB), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stefanie N. Vogel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore (UMB), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Cao W, Liu Z, Gokavarapu S, Chen Y, Yang R, Ji T. Reformed smokers have survival benefits after head and neck cancer. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 54:818-25. [PMID: 27364312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Smoking tobacco is the main risk factor for head and neck cancer, is proportional to the number of pack years (number of packs smoked/day x number of years of smoking), and is reduced when the patient stops smoking. Current molecular evidence has suggested that tobacco-related cancers could be clinically more aggressive than cancers in non-smokers, particularly in the head and neck. However, clinical studies have not uniformly reproduced the relation between survival and tobacco, possibly because they ignore the health benefit that reformed smokers obtain during the period between giving up smoking and the diagnosis of cancer, which is not shared by those who continue to smoke and develop cancer. We have investigated the survival of reformed smokers, non-smokers, and continuing smokers after a diagnosis of head and neck cancer. The data of patients with head and neck cancer from 1992 -2013 from the Cancer Genome Atlas database were analysed using a multivariate Cox's regression model for survival, and Kaplan-Meier curves were produced for smoking history. A total of 521 patients were treated for head and neck cancer, and there was a significant difference in survival between reformed and non-smokers on the one hand, and current smokers on the other (p=0.02). The significance increased when reformed smokers were grouped according to their duration of abstinence and time of diagnosis of cancer (>15 and ≤15 years, p<0.01). Smoking history was a significant prognostic factor in the multivariate Cox's regression model when analysed with age, stage, grade, and site. We conclude that reformed smokers have a survival benefit in head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial- Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Stomatology key laboratory, Ninth People's Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 China.
| | - Zheqi Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial- Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Stomatology key laboratory, Ninth People's Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 China.
| | - Sandhya Gokavarapu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial- Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Stomatology key laboratory, Ninth People's Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 China.
| | - YiMing Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial- Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Stomatology key laboratory, Ninth People's Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 China.
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial- Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Stomatology key laboratory, Ninth People's Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 China.
| | - Tong Ji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial- Head and Neck Surgery.
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Abstract
Cigarette smoking has been causally linked to the development of multiple autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, Graves' hyperthyroidism, and primary biliary cirrhosis, among others. We review the known biologic effects of cigarette smoke, in particular its actions on the immune system, and the epidemiologic evidence associating smoking with increased risk of each of these autoimmune diseases. Interactions between cigarette smoking and genetic and immunologic factors, such as the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)shared epitope, rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, and anti-double stranded DNA antibodies, may point to mechanisms in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Costenbader
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Section of Clinical Sciences, PBB-B3, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Navaneetharaja N, Griffiths V, Wileman T, Carding SR. A Role for the Intestinal Microbiota and Virome in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)? J Clin Med 2016; 5:E55. [PMID: 27275835 PMCID: PMC4929410 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5060055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a heterogeneous disorder of significant societal impact that is proposed to involve both host and environmentally derived aetiologies that may be autoimmune in nature. Immune-related symptoms of at least moderate severity persisting for prolonged periods of time are common in ME/CFS patients and B cell depletion therapy is of significant therapeutic benefit. The origin of these symptoms and whether it is infectious or inflammatory in nature is not clear, with seeking evidence of acute or chronic virus infections contributing to the induction of autoimmune processes in ME/CFS being an area of recent interest. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current evidence supporting an infectious aetiology for ME/CFS leading us to propose the novel concept that the intestinal microbiota and in particular members of the virome are a source of the "infectious" trigger of the disease. Such an approach has the potential to identify disease biomarkers and influence therapeutics, providing much-needed approaches in preventing and managing a disease desperately in need of confronting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navena Navaneetharaja
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme, The Institute of Food Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Verity Griffiths
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Tom Wileman
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme, The Institute of Food Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Simon R Carding
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme, The Institute of Food Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
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Yalcin AD, Celik B, Yalcin AN. Omalizumab (anti-IgE) therapy in the asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) and its effects on circulating cytokine levels. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2016; 38:253-6. [PMID: 27121601 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2016.1173057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The term "asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap syndrome" (ACOS) has been applied to the condition, in which a person has clinical features of both asthma and COPD. METHODS The patients (N = 10) were presented to our clinic with low lung function, limited reversibility of airway obstruction, hyperinflation, abnormal body composition, dyspnea and episodic wheezing. Based on the clinical and laboratory findings, the patients were diagnosed with ACOS. Patients' serum IL-2 (sIL-2), sIL-4 sIL-6, sIL-10, sIL-17, sTNF-α and sIFN-γ levels were investigated as an apoptotic marker and a marker for inflammation. RESULTS Having undergone omalizumab treatment and a long-term (12 months) later, patients had a decreased IgE, fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentrations (FENO), eosinophil, neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophil cationic peptide (ECP) and sIL-4 levels. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of omalizumab use in ACOS. We demonstrated decreased IL-4, allergic pulmonary symptoms (dyspnea, wheezing, bronchial hyper responsiveness) and migraine attacks in the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Didem Yalcin
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit , Antalya Research Hospital , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Betul Celik
- b Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Antalya Research Hospital , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Ata Nevzat Yalcin
- c Department of Infections Unit , Akdeniz University , Antalya , Turkey
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Park S, Kim JW, Yun H, Choi SJ, Lee SH, Choi KC, Lim CW, Lee K, Kim B. Mainstream cigarette smoke accelerates the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by modulating Kupffer cell-mediated hepatocellular apoptosis in adolescent mice. Toxicol Lett 2016; 256:53-63. [PMID: 27180087 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking in adolescents is considered to be a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of mainstream cigarette smoke (MSCS) on the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in adolescents. Three-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed either a methionine and choline-deficient plus high fat (MCDHF) diet for 6 weeks. Each group was exposed to MSCS (300, 600 ug/L) or fresh air for 2h per day during the first 3 weeks of MCDHF diet feeding. MSCS increased MCDHF diet-induced NASH by increasing serum ALT/AST levels, steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Furthermore, MSCS was associated with the degree of oxidative stress and hepatocellular apoptosis in NASH mice, but not prominent in controls. In vitro, cigarette smoke extract (CSE) activated Kupffer cells (KCs) to release inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, which induced hepatocellular apoptosis. In conclusion, MSCS exposure accelerates the progression and severity of NASH by modulating KC-mediated hepatocellular apoptosis. Our results support the regulation of CS in adolescents with steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surim Park
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Yun
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Choi
- Inhalation Toxicology Center, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyub Lee
- Inhalation Toxicology Center, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Woong Lim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Inhalation Toxicology Center, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
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Kastelein TE, Duffield R, Marino FE. Acute Immune-Inflammatory Responses to a Single Bout of Aerobic Exercise in Smokers; The Effect of Smoking History and Status. Front Immunol 2015; 6:634. [PMID: 26779179 PMCID: PMC4688366 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the acute immune and inflammatory responses to exercise in smokers compared to non-smokers, and further, the effect of smoking history on these immune-inflammatory responses. Fifty-four recreationally active males who were either smokers (SM; n = 27) or non-smokers (NS; n = 27) were allocated into either young (YSM, YNS) or middle-aged groups (MSM, MNS) based on smoking status. Participants were matched for fitness and smoking habits and following familiarization and baseline testing, undertook an exercise protocol that involved 40 min of cycle ergometry at 50% of VO2peak. Venous blood was obtained pre- and post- (0 min, 1, and 4 h) exercise to measure circulating leukocytes and inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-1ra, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Compared to MNS, MSM showed elevated basal concentrations of MCP-1, which were increased with a longer smoking history (P < 0.05). In response to exercise, YSM demonstrated an amplified IL-6 response from immediately- to 1 h-post compared to YNS. Furthermore, IL-1ra in YSM was elevated above that of YNS across all time points (P < 0.05). The MSM group had higher IL-1β at baseline when compared to YSM, although IL-1ra was greater for YSM at baseline (P < 0.05). Finally, the post-exercise leukocyte response was greater in MSM compared to YSM and non-smokers (P < 0.05). In conclusion, smoker's exhibit elevated MCP-1 and IL-1β that seem to be evident with a longer smoking history (~15 years). Furthermore, the differences in exercise-induced inflammatory responses noted in YSM may be indicative tobacco smoke exposure priming circulating leukocytes to amplify inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan Emma Kastelein
- School of Human Movement Studies, Charles Sturt University , Bathurst, NSW , Australia
| | - Rob Duffield
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Frank E Marino
- School of Human Movement Studies, Charles Sturt University , Bathurst, NSW , Australia
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Eka A, Chen AF. Patient-related medical risk factors for periprosthetic joint infection of the hip and knee. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:233. [PMID: 26539450 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.09.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite advancements and improvements in methods for preventing infection, periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a significant complication following total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Prevention is the most important strategy to deal with this disabling complication, and prevention should begin with identifying patient-related risk factors. Medical risk factors, such as morbid obesity, malnutrition, hyperglycemia, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), preoperative anemia, cardiovascular disorders, chronic renal failure, smoking, alcohol abuse and depression, should be evaluated and optimized prior to surgery. Treating patients to get laboratory values under a specified threshold or cessation of certain modifiable risk factors can decrease the risk of PJI. Although significant advances have been made in past decades to identify these risk factors, there remains some uncertainty regarding the risk factors predisposing TJA patients to PJI. Through a review of the current literature, this paper aims to comprehensively evaluate and provide a better understanding of known medical risk factors for PJI after TJA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleeson Eka
- Rothman Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Antonia F Chen
- Rothman Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Wilensky A, Chaushu S, Shapira L. The role of natural killer cells in periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2015; 69:128-41. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Deng T, Liao B, Luo D, Shen H, Wang K. Risk factors for mesh erosion after female pelvic floor reconstructive surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJU Int 2015; 117:323-43. [PMID: 25906691 DOI: 10.1111/bju.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Deng
- Department of Urology; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan Province China
| | - Banghua Liao
- Department of Urology; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan Province China
| | - Deyi Luo
- Department of Urology; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan Province China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Urology; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan Province China
| | - Kunjie Wang
- Department of Urology; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan Province China
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van der Toorn M, Frentzel S, Goedertier D, Peitsch M, Hoeng J, De Leon H. A prototypic modified risk tobacco product exhibits reduced effects on chemotaxis and transendothelial migration of monocytes compared with a reference cigarette. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 80:277-286. [PMID: 25839901 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte adhesion and migration to the subendothelial space represent critical steps in atherogenesis. Here, we investigated whether extracts from the aerosol of a prototypic modified risk tobacco product (pMRTP), based on heating rather than combusting tobacco, exhibited differential effects on the migratory behavior of monocytes compared with that from the reference cigarette, 3R4F. THP-1 cells, a monocytic cell line, and human coronary arterial endothelial cells (HCAECs) were used to investigate chemotaxis and transendothelial migration (TEM) of monocytes in conventional and impedance-based systems. THP-1 cells migrated through a monolayer of HCAECs in response to C-X-C motif ligand 12 (CXCL12), a chemokine involved in diverse cellular functions including chemotaxis and survival of stem cells. Treatment of THP-1 cells with extracts from 3R4F or pMRTP induced concentration-dependent increases in cytotoxicity (7-aminoactinomycin D), and inflammation (IL-8 and TNF-α). CXCL12-mediated chemotaxis and TEM were decreased in extract-treated THP-1 cells. Extracts from 3R4F were ~21 times more potent than those from pMRTP in all examined endpoints. Extracts from 3R4F and pMRTP induced concentration-dependent responses in assays of inflammation, cytotoxicity, chemotaxis, and TEM. Furthermore, our findings indicate that extracts from a pMRTP are significantly less cytotoxic and induce less inflammation than those from the reference cigarette, 3R4F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco van der Toorn
- Philip Morris Products S.A., Philip Morris International R&D, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Stefan Frentzel
- Philip Morris Products S.A., Philip Morris International R&D, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Didier Goedertier
- Philip Morris Products S.A., Philip Morris International R&D, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Peitsch
- Philip Morris Products S.A., Philip Morris International R&D, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris Products S.A., Philip Morris International R&D, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Hector De Leon
- Philip Morris Products S.A., Philip Morris International R&D, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Tagliacarne SC, Valsecchi C, Castellazzi AM, Licari A, Klersy C, Montagna L, Castagnoli R, Benazzo M, Ciprandi G, Marseglia GL. Impact of passive smoke and/or atopy on adenoid immunoglobulin production in children. Immunol Lett 2015; 165:70-7. [PMID: 25929805 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The adenoids are exposed to a wide number and variety of microbes, environmental pollutants, and food antigens. Atopy and passive smoke may significantly affect immune responses, mainly in children. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether passive exposure to tobacco smoke and/or atopy could affect immunoglobulin production by adenoidal lymphocytes in a cohort of children presenting with adenoid hypertrophy. A total of 277 children (151 males and 126 females; median age 5.5 years), with adenoidal hypertrophy requiring adenoidectomy and or adeno-tonsillectomy, were consecutively enrolled in the study. Adenoid mononuclear cells were in vitro stimulated with LPS or CpG. When considering both the presence of smoke exposure and atopy, we observed that the CpG-induced decrease in IgA and IgM production was significantly associated with this combination of risk factors. In the T-independent immunoglobulin production assay we found a positive association between the two risk factors and IgA and IgM production. In particular, the presence of both risk factors, showed a significant increase in IgA and IgM production after stimulation. In conclusion, this is the first study that investigated the in vitro adenoidal B cell response after different stimuli in children, also evaluating possible exposure to passive smoke and/or an atopic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carlotta Tagliacarne
- Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, P.le Golgi 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Chiara Valsecchi
- Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, P.le Golgi 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Castellazzi
- Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, P.le Golgi 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Amelia Licari
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, P.le Golgi 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Catherine Klersy
- Department of Biometry and Statistics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, P.le Golgi 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenza Montagna
- Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, P.le Golgi 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Castagnoli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, P.le Golgi 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Benazzo
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, P.le Golgi 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Ciprandi
- Department of Medicine, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, P.le Golgi 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Liu F, Luo LM, Wei YG, Li B, Wang WT, Wen TF, Yang JY, Xu MQ, Yan LN. Polymorphisms of the CYP1B1 gene and hepatocellular carcinoma risk in a Chinese population. Gene 2015; 564:14-20. [PMID: 25796598 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CYP1B1 is a P450 enzyme which is involved in the activation of pro-carcinogens to carcinogens as well as estrogen metabolism. We hypothesized that genetic variants in CYP1B1 may modify individual susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the associations of three CYP1B1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and HCC risk in a case-control study of 468 HCC cases and 515 cancer-free controls in a Chinese population. The matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry method and direct DNA sequencing were performed to detect these polymorphisms. RESULTS In overall analysis, we found that only the variant G allele of rs1056836 was associated with a significantly increased risk of HCC among the three SNPs (rs10012, rs1056836 and rs1800440). Moreover, we found that the variant genotypes containing the G allele of rs1056836 were associated with a significantly increased risk of HCC among HbsAg-positive individuals (adjusted OR=2.13, 95% CI=1.18, 3.86), but not among HbsAg-negative individuals. When stratifying by smoking status, we found that the variant GG genotype increased a 13.97-fold (95% CI=1.28, 152.94) risk of HCC among smokers. Furthermore, high risk for liver cirrhosis-positive clinical status was exhibited in HCC patients with rs1056836 CG and GG genotypes as compared with CC homozygotes. For the other two SNPs, we did not find any significant evidence of association with HCC risk in any subgroup. CONCLUSION This study suggests that CYP1B1 rs1056836 polymorphism may be an important factor contributing to increased susceptibility and pathological development of HCC in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Mei Luo
- Department of Clinical Immunological Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yong-Gang Wei
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wen-Tao Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tian-Fu Wen
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jia-Yin Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ming-Qing Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lv-Nan Yan
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Guo SS, Huang PY, Chen QY, Liu H, Tang LQ, Zhang L, Liu LT, Cao KJ, Guo L, Mo HY, Guo X, Hong MH, Mai HQ. The impact of smoking on the clinical outcome of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma after chemoradiotherapy. Radiat Oncol 2014; 9:246. [PMID: 25424191 PMCID: PMC4251838 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-014-0246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoking is a common risk factor for developing nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, the relationship between smoking and clinical outcomes remains uncertain. Methods The patients who participated in this study were drawn from a randomized clinical trial, for which the purpose was to compare the efficacy of induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy with that of induction chemotherapy plus radiotherapy in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The patients who ever smoked were divided into the following categories of cumulative smoking exposure based on the duration of smoking and the quantity of cigarettes smoked: light, short-term smokers; light, long-term smokers; heavy, short-term smokers; and heavy, long-term smokers. A log-rank test and Cox models were used to assess the association between smoking and the clinical outcomes of overall survival (OS), failure-free survival (FFS), locoregional recurrence failure-free survival (LRFFS) and distant failure-free survival (DFFS). Results We found that ever-smokers experienced significantly shorter LRFFS times than never-smokers (5-year LRFFS rates: 85.8% vs. 88.5%, P = 0.022). The amount of smoking was significantly associated with FFS (P = 0.046) and LRFFS (P = 0.001) in the different ever-smoker groups. The amount of smoking was associated with LRFFS [P = 0.002, HR = 2.069 (95% confident interval (CI), 1.298-3.299)] even after a multivariable adjustment. Conclusions Smoking increases the risk of locoregional recurrence. Furthermore, the amount of smoking influences the prognosis of smokers, and these effects are dose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Guo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China. .,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Pei-Yu Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China. .,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Qiu-Yan Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China. .,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Huai Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China. .,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Lin-Quan Tang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China. .,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China. .,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Ting Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China. .,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Ka-Jia Cao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China. .,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Ling Guo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China. .,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Hao-Yuan Mo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China. .,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang Guo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China. .,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Ming-Huang Hong
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China. .,GCP Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Hai-Qiang Mai
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China. .,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
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Eltom S, Belvisi MG, Stevenson CS, Maher SA, Dubuis E, Fitzgerald KA, Birrell MA. Role of the inflammasome-caspase1/11-IL-1/18 axis in cigarette smoke driven airway inflammation: an insight into the pathogenesis of COPD. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112829. [PMID: 25405768 PMCID: PMC4236128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an inflammatory airway disease often associated with cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. The disease is increasing in global prevalence and there is no effective therapy. A major step forward would be to understand the disease pathogenesis. The ATP-P2X7 pathway plays a dominant role in murine models of CS induced airway inflammation, and markers of activation of this axis are upregulated in patients with COPD. This strongly suggests that the axis could be important in the pathogenesis of COPD. The aim of this study was to perform a detailed characterisation of the signalling pathway components involved in the CS-driven, P2X7 dependent airway inflammation. METHODS We used a murine model system, bioassays and a range of genetically modified mice to better understand this complex signalling pathway. RESULTS The inflammasome-associated proteins NALP3 and ASC, but not IPAF and AIM2, are required for CS-induced IL-1β/IL-18 release, but not IL-1α. This was associated with a partial decrease in lung tissue caspase 1 activity and BALF neutrophilia. Mice missing caspase 1/11 or caspase 11 had markedly attenuated levels of all three cytokines and neutrophilia. Finally the mechanism by which these inflammatory proteins are involved in the CS-induced neutrophilia appeared to be via the induction of proteins involved in neutrophil transmigration e.g. E-Selectin. CONCLUSION This data indicates a key role for the P2X7-NALP3/ASC-caspase1/11-IL-1β/IL-18 axis in CS induced airway inflammation, highlighting this pathway as a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suffwan Eltom
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria G. Belvisi
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher S. Stevenson
- Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, DTA Inflammation, Nutley, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Maher
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Dubuis
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate A. Fitzgerald
- University of Massachusetts, Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Birrell
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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49
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Smoking accelerates pancreatic cancer progression by promoting differentiation of MDSCs and inducing HB-EGF expression in macrophages. Oncogene 2014; 34:2052-60. [PMID: 24909166 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is an established risk factor for pancreatic cancer (PC), but late diagnosis limits the evaluation of its mechanistic role in the progression of PC. We used a well-established genetically engineered mouse model (LSL-K-ras(G12D)) of PC to elucidate the role of smoking during initiation and development of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN). The 10-week-old floxed mice (K-ras(G12D); Pdx-1cre) and their control unfloxed (LSL-K-ras(G12D)) littermates were exposed to cigarette smoke (total suspended particles: 150 mg/m(3)) for 20 weeks. Smoke exposure significantly accelerated the development of PanIN lesions in the floxed mice, which correlated with tenfold increase in the expression of cytokeratin19. The systemic accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) decreased significantly in floxed mice compared with unfloxed controls (P<0.01) after the smoke exposure with the concurrent increase in the macrophage (P<0.05) and dendritic cell (DCs) (P<0.01) population. Further, smoking-induced inflammation (IFN-γ, CXCL2; P<0.05) was accompanied by enhanced activation of pancreatic stellate cells and elevated levels of serum retinoic acid-binding protein 4, indicating increased bioavailability of retinoic acid which contributes to differentiation of MDSCs to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and DCs. TAMs predominantly contribute to the increased expression of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (EGFR ligand) in pre-neoplastic lesions in smoke-exposed floxed mice that facilitate acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM). Further, smoke exposure also resulted in partial suppression of the immune system early during PC progression. Overall, the present study provides a novel mechanism of smoking-induced increase in ADM in the presence of constitutively active K-ras mutation.
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Forsslund H, Mikko M, Karimi R, Grunewald J, Wheelock ÅM, Wahlström J, Sköld CM. Distribution of T-cell subsets in BAL fluid of patients with mild to moderate COPD depends on current smoking status and not airway obstruction. Chest 2014; 145:711-722. [PMID: 24264182 DOI: 10.1378/chest.13-0873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COPD is characterized by chronic inflammation. CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells have both been implicated in the inflammatory response. We investigated whether the lymphocyte and T-cell subpopulations in BAL differ between patients with COPD who are current smokers and those who are ex-smokers. METHODS Forty never smokers, 40 smokers with normal lung function, and 38 patients with COPD, GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) stage I-II (27 smokers and 11 ex-smokers) underwent BAL. Using flow cytometry, cells were analyzed from BAL and blood for T-cell subsets, B cells, natural killer cells, and natural killer T (NKT)-like cells. The differentiation status of CD4+ T cells was also determined. RESULTS Smokers with or without COPD had higher percentages of CD8+ T cells and NKT-like cells in BAL than did never smokers and ex-smokers with COPD. Most of the NKT-like cells were CD8+. In contrast, the percentages of CD4+ T cells were lower in the smoking than in the nonsmoking groups. In blood, the frequency of CD4+ T cells was increased in the two smoking groups. Current smokers also had increased numbers of activated (CD69+) naive and effector CD4+ T cells in BAL compared with nonsmokers, particularly in patients with COPD. In male smokers with COPD, the percentage of CD8+ T cells in BAL positively correlated with the number of cigarettes per day. CONCLUSIONS Current smoking status has a greater impact than airway obstruction on the distribution of T-cell subsets in BAL of patients with mild to moderate COPD. This fact must be considered when the role of T cells in COPD is evaluated. Our results stress the importance of subgrouping patients with COPD in terms of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Forsslund
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Mikko
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reza Karimi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa M Wheelock
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Wahlström
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Magnus Sköld
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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