1
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Zhu B, Liang L, Hui L, Lu Y. Exploring the role of dermal sheath cells in wound healing and fibrosis. Wound Repair Regen 2024. [PMID: 39129718 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex, dynamic process involving the coordinated interaction of diverse cell types, growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix components. Despite emerging evidence highlighting their importance, dermal sheath cells remain a largely overlooked aspect of wound healing research. This review explores the multifunctional roles of dermal sheath cells in various phases of wound healing, including modulating inflammation, aiding in proliferation, and contributing to extracellular matrix remodelling. Special attention is devoted to the paracrine effects of dermal sheath cells and their role in fibrosis, highlighting their potential in improving healing outcomes, especially in differentiating between hairy and non-hairy skin sites. By drawing connections between dermal sheath cells activity and wound healing outcomes, this work proposes new insights into the mechanisms of tissue regeneration and repair, marking a step forward in our understanding of wound healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhu
- Translational Medicine Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, affiliated with Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, China
| | - Lu Liang
- Translational Medicine Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, affiliated with Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, China
| | - Lihua Hui
- Burn Research Institute of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, affiliated with Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospital, Baotou, China
| | - Yaojun Lu
- Translational Medicine Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, affiliated with Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, China
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2
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Li YY, Ji SF, Fu XB, Jiang YF, Sun XY. Biomaterial-based mechanical regulation facilitates scarless wound healing with functional skin appendage regeneration. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:13. [PMID: 38369464 PMCID: PMC10874556 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Scar formation resulting from burns or severe trauma can significantly compromise the structural integrity of skin and lead to permanent loss of skin appendages, ultimately impairing its normal physiological function. Accumulating evidence underscores the potential of targeted modulation of mechanical cues to enhance skin regeneration, promoting scarless repair by influencing the extracellular microenvironment and driving the phenotypic transitions. The field of skin repair and skin appendage regeneration has witnessed remarkable advancements in the utilization of biomaterials with distinct physical properties. However, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains somewhat elusive, limiting the broader application of these innovations. In this review, we present two promising biomaterial-based mechanical approaches aimed at bolstering the regenerative capacity of compromised skin. The first approach involves leveraging biomaterials with specific biophysical properties to create an optimal scarless environment that supports cellular activities essential for regeneration. The second approach centers on harnessing mechanical forces exerted by biomaterials to enhance cellular plasticity, facilitating efficient cellular reprogramming and, consequently, promoting the regeneration of skin appendages. In summary, the manipulation of mechanical cues using biomaterial-based strategies holds significant promise as a supplementary approach for achieving scarless wound healing, coupled with the restoration of multiple skin appendage functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shuai-Fei Ji
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Yu-Feng Jiang
- Department of Tissue Regeneration and Wound Repair, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Sun
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China.
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3
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Xing Y, Xiang F, Guo H, Gong H, Li Y. Reversibly immortalization establishes a hair follicle stem cell line with hair follicle reconstruction ability. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e14999. [PMID: 38284187 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) play critical roles in the periodic regeneration of hair follicles. HFSCs are also a good model for stem cell biology research. However, no stable mouse HFSC cell line has been reported, which restricts the research and application of HFSCs. We isolated HFSCs from mouse hair follicles and immortalized them by inducing a reversible SV40 large T antigen. Through monoclonal screening, we identified a reversibly immortalized cell line, immortalized HFSC (iHFSC2). RNA sequencing, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, western blotting and immunofluorescence experiments revealed that the expression patterns of iHFSC2 and HFSC were similar at the protein and mRNA levels. After that, iHFSC2s were passaged and morphologically monitored for up to 40 times to detect their long-term culture potential. The long-term cultured iHFSC2 could regenerate hair follicles with complete hair follicle structure and HFSCs in the bulge area. This work successfully established an HFSC cell line with the ability of hair follicle reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhan Xing
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Fei Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Haiying Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hao Gong
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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4
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Wang Y, Shen K, Sun Y, Cao P, Zhang J, Zhang W, Liu Y, Zhang H, Chen Y, Li S, Xu C, Han C, Qiao Y, Zhang Q, Wang B, Luo L, Yang Y, Guan H. Extracellular vesicles from 3D cultured dermal papilla cells improve wound healing via Krüppel-like factor 4/vascular endothelial growth factor A -driven angiogenesis. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkad034. [PMID: 37908562 PMCID: PMC10615254 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Non-healing wounds are an intractable problem of major clinical relevance. Evidence has shown that dermal papilla cells (DPCs) may regulate the wound-healing process by secreting extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, low isolation efficiency and restricted cell viability hinder the applications of DPC-EVs in wound healing. In this study, we aimed to develop novel 3D-DPC spheroids (tdDPCs) based on self-feeder 3D culture and to evaluate the roles of tdDPC-EVs in stimulating angiogenesis and skin wound healing. Methods To address the current limitations of DPC-EVs, we previously developed a self-feeder 3D culture method to construct tdDPCs. DPCs and tdDPCs were identified using immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Subsequently, we extracted EVs from the cells and compared the effects of DPC-EVs and tdDPC-EVs on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro using immunofluorescence staining, a scratch-wound assay and a Transwell assay. We simultaneously established a murine model of full-thickness skin injury and evaluated the effects of DPC-EVs and tdDPC-EVs on wound-healing efficiency in vivo using laser Doppler, as well as hematoxylin and eosin, Masson, CD31 and α-SMA staining. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we conducted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of tdDPC-EV- and phosphate-buffered saline-treated HUVECs. To validate the RNA-seq data, we constructed knockdown and overexpression vectors of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4). Western blotting, a scratch-wound assay, a Transwell assay and a tubule-formation test were performed to detect the protein expression, cell migration and lumen-formation ability of KLF4 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in HUVECs incubated with tdDPC-EVs after KLF4 knockdown or overexpression. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were conducted to verify the activation effect of KLF4 on VEGFA. Results We successfully cultured tdDPCs and extracted EVs from DPCs and tdDPCs. The tdDPC-EVs significantly promoted the proliferation, lumen formation and migration of HUVECs. Unlike DPC-EVs, tdDPC-EVs exhibited significant advantages in terms of promoting angiogenesis, accelerating wound healing and enhancing wound-healing efficiency both in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis and further functional experiments verified that the tdDPC-EV-regulated KLF4/VEGFA axis is pivotal in accelerating wound healing. Conclusions 3D cultivation can be utilized as an innovative optimization strategy to effectively develop DPC-derived EVs for the treatment of skin wounds. tdDPC-EVs significantly enhance wound healing via KLF4/VEGFA-driven angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Kuo Shen
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yulin Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 804 South Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wanfu Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shaohui Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chaolei Xu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yating Qiao
- Department of hair diagnosis and treatment, Peking University Shougang Hospital, 9 Jinyuanzhuang Road, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Qingyi Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yunshu Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hao Guan
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
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5
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Urciuolo F, Imparato G, Netti PA. In vitro strategies for mimicking dynamic cell-ECM reciprocity in 3D culture models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1197075. [PMID: 37434756 PMCID: PMC10330728 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1197075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular microenvironment regulates cell decisions through the accurate presentation at the cell surface of a complex array of biochemical and biophysical signals that are mediated by the structure and composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). On the one hand, the cells actively remodel the ECM, which on the other hand affects cell functions. This cell-ECM dynamic reciprocity is central in regulating and controlling morphogenetic and histogenetic processes. Misregulation within the extracellular space can cause aberrant bidirectional interactions between cells and ECM, resulting in dysfunctional tissues and pathological states. Therefore, tissue engineering approaches, aiming at reproducing organs and tissues in vitro, should realistically recapitulate the native cell-microenvironment crosstalk that is central for the correct functionality of tissue-engineered constructs. In this review, we will describe the most updated bioengineering approaches to recapitulate the native cell microenvironment and reproduce functional tissues and organs in vitro. We have highlighted the limitations of the use of exogenous scaffolds in recapitulating the regulatory/instructive and signal repository role of the native cell microenvironment. By contrast, strategies to reproduce human tissues and organs by inducing cells to synthetize their own ECM acting as a provisional scaffold to control and guide further tissue development and maturation hold the potential to allow the engineering of fully functional histologically competent three-dimensional (3D) tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Urciuolo
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical Materials and Industrial Production (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - G. Imparato
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - P. A. Netti
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical Materials and Industrial Production (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
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6
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Barbier MA, Piaceski AD, Larouche D, Villeneuve SH, Ghani K, Pope E, Caruso M, Germain L. Efficient Gamma-Retroviral Transduction of Primary Human Skin Cells Using the EF-c Peptide as a Transduction Enhancer. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e353. [PMID: 35085429 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Efficient gene transfer into cultured fibroblasts and keratinocytes during retroviral transduction is a critical step toward the treatment of genodermatoses such as epidermolysis bullosa. However, achieving high transduction rates is still a difficult task, particularly for the insertion of large coding sequences for which high viral titers cannot always be obtained. Multiple polycationic molecules, such as polybrene, which has been used in several clinical trials, have the ability to boost ex vivo retroviral gene transfer. However, the use of polybrene has been associated with a reduction of the proliferation and growth potential of human keratinocytes in culture. We developed a method for the efficient retroviral transduction of primary fibroblasts and keratinocytes using EF-c, a polycationic nanofibril-forming peptide. In comparison with polybrene, we found that the retroviral transduction efficiency with EF-c was increased 2.5- to 3.2-fold for fibroblasts, but not for keratinocytes. Moreover, the use of EF-c did not affect fibroblast proliferation and keratinocyte stem cell content, whereas polybrene induced a decrease in both. This method could have a positive impact on the development of ex vivo gene correction of genodermatoses, allowing for more efficient gene transfer into primary skin cells with little to no effect on proliferation and stem cell content. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Fibroblast and keratinocyte transduction Support Protocol: Assessment of transduction efficiency through flow cytometry analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Barbier
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX et Département de chirurgie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Angela Dakiw Piaceski
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX et Département de chirurgie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danielle Larouche
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX et Département de chirurgie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah H Villeneuve
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX et Département de chirurgie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karim Ghani
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Département de biologie moléculaire, de biochimie médicale et de pathologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elena Pope
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manuel Caruso
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Département de biologie moléculaire, de biochimie médicale et de pathologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lucie Germain
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX et Département de chirurgie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
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7
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Vishlaghi N, Rieger S, McGaughey V, Lisse TS. GDNF neurotrophic factor signaling determines the fate of dermal fibroblasts in wound-induced hair neogenesis and skin regeneration. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:577-581. [PMID: 35020233 PMCID: PMC9306530 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We propose that GDNF, a glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor, can promote hair follicle neogenesis and skin regeneration after wounding by directing the fate of dermal fibroblasts. Our hypothesis is largely based on detailed GDNF and receptor analysis during skin regenerative stages, as well as the induction of GDNF receptors after wounding between the pro‐regenerative spiny mouse (genus Acomys) and its less‐regenerative descendant, the house mouse (Mus musculus). To characterize the GDNF‐target cells, we will conduct a series of lineage‐tracing experiments in conjunction with single‐cell RNA and assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin sequencing experiments. The heterogenetic dynamics of skin regeneration have yet to be fully defined, and this research will help to advance the fields of regenerative medicine and biology. Finally, we believe that stimulating the GDNF signalling pathway in fibroblasts from less‐regenerative animals, such as humans, will promote skin regeneration, morphogenesis and scarless wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Vishlaghi
- University of Miami, Biology Department, 1301 Memorial Drive, Cox Science Center, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Sandra Rieger
- University of Miami, Biology Department, 1301 Memorial Drive, Cox Science Center, Coral Gables, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vanessa McGaughey
- University of Miami, Biology Department, 1301 Memorial Drive, Cox Science Center, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Thomas S Lisse
- University of Miami, Biology Department, 1301 Memorial Drive, Cox Science Center, Coral Gables, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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8
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Rico-Leo EM, Lorenzo-Martín LF, Román ÁC, Bustelo XR, Merino JM, Fernández-Salguero PM. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor controls skin homeostasis, regeneration, and hair follicle cycling by adjusting epidermal stem cell function. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1733-1750. [PMID: 34423894 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Skin integrity requires constant maintenance of a quiescent, yet responsive, population of stem cells. While interfollicular epidermal progenitors control normal homeostasis, hair follicle stem cells residing within the bulge provide regenerative potential during hair cycle and in response to wounding. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) modulates cell plasticity and differentiation and its overactivation results in severe skin lesions in humans. However, its physiological role in skin homeostasis and hair growth is unknown. Reconstitution assays grafting primary keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts into nude mice and 3-D epidermal equivalents revealed a positive role for AhR in skin regeneration, epidermal differentiation, and stem cell maintenance. Furthermore, lack of receptor expression in AhR-/- mice delayed morphogenesis and impaired hair regrowth with a phenotype closely correlating with a reduction in suprabasal bulge stem cells (α6low CD34+ ). Moreover, RNA-microarray and RT-qPCR analyses of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-isolated bulge stem cells revealed that AhR depletion impaired transcriptional signatures typical of both epidermal progenitors and bulge stem cells but upregulated differentiation markers likely compromising their undifferentiated phenotype. Altogether, our findings support that AhR controls skin regeneration and homeostasis by ensuring epidermal stem cell identity and highlights this receptor as potential target for the treatment of cutaneous pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva María Rico-Leo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Badajoz, Spain
| | | | - Ángel Carlos Román
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Xosé Ramón Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and CIBERONC, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jaime María Merino
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Badajoz, Spain
| | - Pedro María Fernández-Salguero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Badajoz, Spain
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9
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Geueke A, Mantellato G, Kuester F, Schettina P, Nelles M, Seeger JM, Kashkar H, Niemann C. The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein regulates hair follicle stem cell function. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52301. [PMID: 34342114 PMCID: PMC8490995 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the architecture, size and composition of an intact stem cell (SC) compartment is crucial for tissue homeostasis and regeneration throughout life. In mammalian skin, elevated expression of the anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 protein has been reported in hair follicle (HF) bulge SCs (BSCs), but its impact on SC function is unknown. Here, we show that systemic exposure of mice to the Bcl‐2 antagonist ABT‐199/venetoclax leads to the selective loss of suprabasal BSCs (sbBSCs), thereby disrupting cyclic HF regeneration. RNAseq analysis shows that the pro‐apoptotic BH3‐only proteins BIM and Bmf are upregulated in sbBSCs, explaining their addiction to Bcl‐2 and the marked susceptibility to Bcl‐2 antagonism. In line with these observations, conditional knockout of Bcl‐2 in mouse epidermis elevates apoptosis in BSCs. In contrast, ectopic Bcl‐2 expression blocks apoptosis during HF regression, resulting in the accumulation of quiescent SCs and delaying HF growth in mice. Strikingly, Bcl‐2‐induced changes in size and composition of the HF bulge accelerate tumour formation. Our study identifies a niche‐instructive mechanism of Bcl‐2‐regulated apoptosis response that is required for SC homeostasis and tissue regeneration, and may suppress carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Geueke
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Centre of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Giada Mantellato
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Centre of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Kuester
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Schettina
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Melanie Nelles
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Michael Seeger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (IMMIH), CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (IMMIH), CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Catherin Niemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Centre of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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10
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Tata A, Chow RD, Tata PR. Epithelial cell plasticity: breaking boundaries and changing landscapes. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51921. [PMID: 34096150 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues respond to a wide variety of environmental and genotoxic stresses. As an adaptive mechanism, cells can deviate from their natural paths to acquire new identities, both within and across lineages. Under extreme conditions, epithelial tissues can utilize "shape-shifting" mechanisms whereby they alter their form and function at a tissue-wide scale. Mounting evidence suggests that in order to acquire these alternate tissue identities, cells follow a core set of "tissue logic" principles based on developmental paradigms. Here, we review the terminology and the concepts that have been put forward to describe cell plasticity. We also provide insights into various cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including genetic mutations, inflammation, microbiota, and therapeutic agents that contribute to cell plasticity. Additionally, we discuss recent studies that have sought to decode the "syntax" of plasticity-i.e., the cellular and molecular principles through which cells acquire new identities in both homeostatic and malignant epithelial tissues-and how these processes can be manipulated for developing novel cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ryan D Chow
- Department of Genetics, Systems Biology Institute, Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Purushothama Rao Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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11
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Lichtenberger BM, Kasper M. Cellular heterogeneity and microenvironmental control of skin cancer. J Intern Med 2021; 289:614-628. [PMID: 32976658 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Healthy tissues harbour a surprisingly high number of cells that carry well-known cancer-causing mutations without impacting their physiological function. In recent years, strong evidence accumulated that the immediate environment of mutant cells profoundly impact their prospect of malignant progression. In this review, focusing on the skin, we investigate potential key mechanisms that ensure tissue homeostasis despite the presence of mutant cells, as well as critical factors that may nudge the balance from homeostasis to tumour formation. Functional in vivo studies and single-cell transcriptome analyses have revealed a tremendous cellular heterogeneity and plasticity within epidermal (stem) cells and their respective niches, revealing for example wild-type epithelial cells, fibroblasts or immune-cell subsets as critical in preventing cancer formation and malignant progression. It's the same cells, however, that can drive carcinogenesis. Therefore, understanding the abundance and molecular variation of cell types in health and disease, and how they interact and modulate the local signalling environment will thus be key for new therapeutic avenues in our battle against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Lichtenberger
- From the, Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Kasper
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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12
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Hsu YC, Rendl M. Skin stem cells in health and in disease. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:424-429. [PMID: 33792993 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael Rendl
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Martino PA, Heitman N, Rendl M. The dermal sheath: An emerging component of the hair follicle stem cell niche. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:512-521. [PMID: 33006790 PMCID: PMC8016715 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicles cyclically regenerate throughout adult mammalian life, owing to a resident population of epithelial hair follicle stem cells. Stem cell (SC) activity drives bouts of follicle growth, which are periodically interrupted by follicle regression and rest. These phases and the transitions between them are tightly spatiotemporally coordinated by signalling crosstalk between stem/progenitor cells and the various cell types of the microenvironment, or niche. The dermal papilla (DP) is a cluster of specialized mesenchymal cells that have long been recognized for important niche roles in regulating hair follicle SC activation, as well as progenitor proliferation and differentiation during follicle growth. In addition to the DP, the mesenchyme of the murine pelage follicle is also comprised of a follicle-lining smooth muscle known as the dermal sheath (DS), which has been far less studied than the DP yet may be equally specialized and important for hair cycling. In this review, we define the murine pelage DS in comparison with human DS and discuss recent work that highlights the emergent importance of the DS in the hair follicle SC niche. Last, we examine potential therapeutic applications for the DS in hair regeneration and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter A. Martino
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Atran Building AB7-10C, Box 1020; 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Atran Building AB7-10C, Box 1020; 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nicholas Heitman
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Atran Building AB7-10C, Box 1020; 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Atran Building AB7-10C, Box 1020; 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael Rendl
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Atran Building AB7-10C, Box 1020; 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Atran Building AB7-10C, Box 1020; 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Atran Building AB7-10C, Box 1020; 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA
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14
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Maintaining Inducibility of Dermal Follicle Cells on Silk Fibroin/Sodium Alginate Scaffold for Enhanced Hair Follicle Regeneration. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040269. [PMID: 33810528 PMCID: PMC8066588 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is important for maintaining cell phenotype and promoting cell proliferation and differentiation. In order to better solve the problem of skin appendage regeneration, a combination of mechanical/enzymatic digestion methods was used to self-extract dermal papilla cells (DPCs), which were seeded on silk fibroin/sodium alginate scaffolds as seed cells to evaluate the possibility of skin regeneration/regeneration of accessory organs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) graphs showed that the interconnected pores inside the scaffold had a pore diameter in the range of 153-311 μm and a porosity of 41-82%. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining and cell morphological staining proved that the extracted cells were DPCs. The results of a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and Calcein-AM/PI live-dead cell staining showed that the DPCs grew well in the composite scaffold extract. Normal cell morphology and characteristics of aggregation growth were maintained during the 3-day culture, which showed that the silk fibroin/sodium alginate (SF/SA) composite scaffold had good cell-compatibility. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining of tissue sections further proved that the cells adhered closely and aggregated to the pore wall of the scaffold, and retained the ability to induce differentiation of hair follicles. All these results indicate that, compared with a pure scaffold, the composite scaffold promotes the adhesion and growth of DPCs. We transplanted the SF/SA scaffolds into the back wounds of SD rats, and evaluated the damage model constructed in vivo. The results showed that the scaffold inoculated with DPCs could accelerate the repair of the skin and promote the regeneration of the hair follicle structure.
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15
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Williams R, Westgate GE, Pawlus AD, Sikkink SK, Thornton MJ. Age-Related Changes in Female Scalp Dermal Sheath and Dermal Fibroblasts: How the Hair Follicle Environment Impacts Hair Aging. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:1041-1051. [PMID: 33326808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In women, aging leads to reduced hair density and thinner fibers and can result in female-pattern hair loss. However, the impact of the aging dermal environment on female scalp hair follicles remains unclear. In this study, we document in situ changes in 22 women (aged 19-81 years) and primary cultures of dermal fibroblast and dermal sheath cells. In situ, the papillary reticular boundary was indistinguishable in the young scalp but prominent in the scalp of those aged >40 years, accompanied by reduced podoplanin (PDPN) expression, increased versican expression, and changes in collagen organization. Hair follicles were shorter, not reaching the adipose layer. Hyaluronic acid synthase 2 was highly expressed, whereas matrix metalloproteinase 1 was elevated in the dermal papilla and dermal sheath in situ. Primary dermal fibroblast cultures confirmed that matrix metalloproteinase 1 mRNA, MMP1, increased with aging, whereas in dermal sheath cells, hyaluronic acid synthase 2, HAS2, and PDPN increased and α-smooth muscle actin αSMA mRNA decreased. Both exhibited increased cartilage oligomeric protein, COMP mRNA expression. Proteomics revealed an increase in dermal sheath proteins in the dermal fibroblast secretome with aging. In summary, aging female scalp shows striking structural and biological changes in the hair follicle environment that may impact hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Williams
- The Centre for Skin Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian E Westgate
- The Centre for Skin Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Alison D Pawlus
- R&D, Hair Innovation & Technology, Aveda, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; R&D, The Estée Lauder Companies, Melville, New York, USA
| | - Stephen K Sikkink
- The Centre for Skin Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - M Julie Thornton
- The Centre for Skin Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom.
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16
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Choi N, Kim W, Oh SH, Sung J. Epiregulin promotes hair growth via EGFR-medicated epidermal and ErbB4-mediated dermal stimulation. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12881. [PMID: 32700456 PMCID: PMC7503099 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES EREG (epiregulin), a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, plays a role in inflammation, wound healing, normal physiology and malignancies. However, little is known about its function on hair growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell growth assay, QPCR and immunostaining were carried out. Telogen-to-anagen transition and organ culture were conducted. ROS level was monitored by staining DCFDA. RESULTS We investigated the hair inductive effect of EREG and the mechanism of stimulation on DPCs and ORS cells during hair cycling. Whereas EREG promoted hair growth, EREG knockdown inhibited hair growth as evidenced by telogen-to-anagen transition and organ culture models. EREG was expressed in epidermal cells including ORS cells in vivo. EREG activated phospho-ErbB4 in DPCs during hair cycling and stimulated DPCs via ErbB4 activation in vitro. In terms of the underlying mechanism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) played a key role in DPC stimulation. EREG also activated phospho-EGF receptor (EGFR) in epidermal cells including matrix and ORS cells in vivo and stimulated ORS cells via EGFR activation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS EREG, which is released from ORS cells, activated EGFR and ErbB4 on epidermal cells and DPCs during hair cycling, respectively. As a result, EREG stimulated epidermal cells a positive feedback and DPCs via regulating ROS generation for hair growth. Therefore, EREG therapy may be a novel solution for hair loss treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahyun Choi
- STEMORE Co. Ltd.IncheonSouth Korea
- College of PharmacyYonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesYonsei UniversityIncheonKorea
| | - Won‐Serk Kim
- Department of DermatologyKangbuk Samsung HospitalSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sang Ho Oh
- Department of DermatologySeverance Hospital and Cutaneous Biology Research InstituteYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jong‐Hyuk Sung
- STEMORE Co. Ltd.IncheonSouth Korea
- College of PharmacyYonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesYonsei UniversityIncheonKorea
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17
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Li G, Tang X, Zhang S, Jin M, Wang M, Deng Z, Liu Z, Qian M, Shi W, Wang Z, Xie H, Li J, Liu B. SIRT7 activates quiescent hair follicle stem cells to ensure hair growth in mice. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104365. [PMID: 32696520 PMCID: PMC7507325 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019104365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are maintained in a quiescent state until activated to grow, but the mechanisms that reactivate the quiescent HFSC reservoir are unclear. Here, we find that loss of Sirt7 in mice impedes hair follicle life‐cycle transition from telogen to anagen phase, resulting in delay of hair growth. Conversely, Sirt7 overexpression during telogen phase facilitated HSFC anagen entry and accelerated hair growth. Mechanistically, Sirt7 is upregulated in HFSCs during the telogen‐to‐anagen transition, and HFSC‐specific Sirt7 knockout mice (Sirt7f/f;K15‐Cre) exhibit a similar hair growth delay. At the molecular level, Sirt7 interacts with and deacetylates the transcriptional regulator Nfatc1 at K612, causing PA28γ‐dependent proteasomal degradation to terminate Nfatc1‐mediated telogen quiescence and boost anagen entry. Cyclosporin A, a potent calcineurin inhibitor, suppresses nuclear retention of Nfatc1, abrogates hair follicle cycle delay, and promotes hair growth in Sirt7−/− mice. Furthermore, Sirt7 is downregulated in aged HFSCs, and exogenous Sirt7 overexpression promotes hair growth in aged animals. These data reveal that Sirt7 activates HFSCs by destabilizing Nfatc1 to ensure hair follicle cycle initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meiling Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhili Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zuojun Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minxian Qian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zimei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongfu Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Betriu N, Jarrosson-Moral C, Semino CE. Culture and Differentiation of Human Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells in a Soft 3D Self-Assembling Peptide Scaffold. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050684. [PMID: 32354097 PMCID: PMC7277435 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPC) are a specialized cell population located in the bulge of the hair follicle with unique characteristics such as aggregative behavior and the ability to induce new hair follicle formation. However, when expanded in conventional 2D monolayer culture, their hair inductive potency is rapidly lost. Different 3D culture techniques, including cell spheroid formation, have been described to restore, at least partially, their original phenotype, and therefore, their hair inductive ability once transplanted into a recipient skin. Moreover, hair follicle dermal papilla cells have been shown to differentiate into all mesenchymal lineages, but their differentiation potential has only been tested in 2D cultures. In the present work, we have cultured HFDPC in the 3D self-assembling peptide scaffold RAD16-I to test two different tissue engineering scenarios: restoration of HFDPC original phenotype after cell expansion and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Experimental results showed that the 3D environment provided by RAD16-I allowed the restoration of HFDPC signature markers such as alkaline phosphatase, versican and corin. Moreover, RAD16-I supported, in the presence of chemical inductors, three-dimensional osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Altogether, this study suggests a potential 3D culture platform based on RAD16-I suitable for the culture, original phenotype recovery and differentiation of HFDPC.
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19
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Liu F, Zhou H, Du W, Huang X, Zheng X, Zhang C, Hu H, Wang J, Quan R. Hair follicle stem cells combined with human allogeneic acellular amniotic membrane for repair of full thickness skin defects in nude mice. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:723-735. [PMID: 32220061 DOI: 10.1002/term.3035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Repair of large skin defects caused by burns, trauma, or tumor operations is a clinical challenge. Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are involved in epithelialization of wounds, formation of new hair follicles and promote vascularization in the newly formed skin, and human acellular amniotic membrane (hAAM) is a promising scaffold for skin substitute. Here, we investigated the ability of rat HFSCs (rHFSCs) combined with an hAAM to repair full thickness skin defects in nude mice. The effect of the rHFSC-hAAM composite on the repair of skin defects in nude mice was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, and EdU-labeled cell tracking. Isolated and cultured rHFSCs had strong cloning and proliferation potentials. Immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry assays showed that rHFSCs expressed high levels of integrin α6, CK15, p63, and Sox9. Cells cultured in hAAM showed flaky and cluster-like morphology and were able to adhere and grow effectively. After transplantation, the rHFSC-hAAM composite promoted wound healing in nude mice. Moreover, cells in the rHFSC-hAAM composite were directly involved in hair follicle formation and angiogenesis of tissue around the hair follicle. These results provide an experimental and theoretical basis for the clinical application of HFSCs in repair of human skin defects and a new approach for skin tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huateng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Du
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Institute Cell and Development, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huahui Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinfu Wang
- Institute Cell and Development, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renfu Quan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Juchaux F, Sellathurai T, Perrault V, Boirre F, Delannoy P, Bakkar K, Albaud J, Gueniche A, Cheniti A, Dal Belo S, Souverain L, Le Balch M, Commo S, Thibaut S, Michelet JF. A combination of pyridine-2, 4-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester and resveratrol stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha and improves hair density in female volunteers. Int J Cosmet Sci 2020; 42:167-173. [PMID: 31960447 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was first to demonstrate that a combination of pyridine-2, 4-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester and resveratrol could synergize in vitro on biological pathways associated with hair growth and then to demonstrate the benefit on hair density in a clinical study. METHODS The effects of pyridine-2, 4-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester and resveratrol directly on the hypoxic inducible factor-1α protein (HIF-1α) and related genes expression were demonstrated on keratinocytes in culture in vitro using western-blot analysis and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The effect of resveratrol against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide treatment was studied in hair follicle and hair matrix cells in vitro using the sensitive probe Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). Finally, a randomized clinical study on hair density was conducted on 79 Caucasian female subjects to assess the effect of this combination of actives. RESULTS Pyridine-2, 4-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester and resveratrol stabilized HIF-1a protein and increased the expression of HIF-1α target genes. Resveratrol significantly reduced the oxygen peroxide-induced oxidative stress generated in hair follicle and hair matrix cells. The clinical study showed that a topical treatment with the combination significantly increased the hair density on women from 1.5 months. CONCLUSION In addition to the antioxidant properties of resveratrol, the association of pyridine-2, 4-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester and resveratrol revealed a synergistic effect on the HIF-1α pathway. The results of the clinical study confirmed the importance of such a combination to increase the hair density.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Juchaux
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Advanced Research, 1, avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - T Sellathurai
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Advanced Research, 1, avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - V Perrault
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Advanced Research, 1, avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - F Boirre
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Advanced Research, 1, avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - P Delannoy
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Advanced Research, 1, avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - K Bakkar
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Advanced Research, 1, avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - J Albaud
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Advanced Research, 1, avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - A Gueniche
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Advanced Research, 1, avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - A Cheniti
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Advanced Research, 1, avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - S Dal Belo
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Advanced Research, 1, avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - L Souverain
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Advanced Research, 1, avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - M Le Balch
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Advanced Research, 1, avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - S Commo
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Advanced Research, 1, avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - S Thibaut
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Advanced Research, 1, avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - J F Michelet
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Advanced Research, 1, avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601, Aulnay sous Bois, France
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21
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Kapoor S, Shenoy SP, Bose B. CD34 cells in somatic, regenerative and cancer stem cells: Developmental biology, cell therapy, and omics big data perspective. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:3058-3069. [PMID: 31886574 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein protein CD34 has conventionally been regarded as a marker for hematopoietic progenitors. Its expression on these cells has been leveraged for cell therapy applications in various hematological disorders. More recently, the expression of CD34 has also been reported on cells of nonhematopoietic origin. The list includes somatic cells such as endothelial cells, fibrocytes and interstitial cells and regenerative stem cells such as corneal keratocytes, muscle satellite cells, and muscle-derived stem cells. Furthermore, its expression on some cancer stem cells (CSCs) has also been reported. Till date, the functional roles of this molecule have been implicated in a multitude of cellular processes including cell adhesion, signal transduction, and maintenance of progenitor phenotype. However, the complete understanding about this molecule including its developmental origins, its embryonic connection, and associated functions is far from complete. Here, we review our present understanding of the structure and putative functions of the CD34 molecule based upon our literature survey. We also probed various biological databases to retrieve data related to the expression and associated molecular functions of CD34. Such information, upon synthesis, is hence likely to provide the suitability of such cells for cell therapy. Moreover, we have also covered the existing cell therapy and speculated cell therapy applications of CD34+ cells isolated from various lineages. We have also attempted here to speculate the role(s) of CD34 on CSCs. Finally, we discuss number of large-scale proteomics and transcriptomics studies that have been performed using CD34+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saketh Kapoor
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudheer P Shenoy
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bipasha Bose
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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22
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Peña‐Jimenez D, Fontenete S, Megias D, Fustero‐Torre C, Graña‐Castro O, Castellana D, Loewe R, Perez‐Moreno M. Lymphatic vessels interact dynamically with the hair follicle stem cell niche during skin regeneration in vivo. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101688. [PMID: 31475747 PMCID: PMC6769427 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels are essential for skin fluid homeostasis and immune cell trafficking. Whether the lymphatic vasculature is associated with hair follicle regeneration is, however, unknown. Here, using steady and live imaging approaches in mouse skin, we show that lymphatic vessels distribute to the anterior permanent region of individual hair follicles, starting from development through all cycle stages and interconnecting neighboring follicles at the bulge level, in a stem cell-dependent manner. Lymphatic vessels further connect hair follicles in triads and dynamically flow across the skin. At the onset of the physiological stem cell activation, or upon pharmacological or genetic induction of hair follicle growth, lymphatic vessels transiently expand their caliber suggesting an increased tissue drainage capacity. Interestingly, the physiological caliber increase is associated with a distinct gene expression correlated with lymphatic vessel reorganization. Using mouse genetics, we show that lymphatic vessel depletion blocks hair follicle growth. Our findings point toward the lymphatic vasculature being important for hair follicle development, cycling, and organization, and define lymphatic vessels as stem cell niche components, coordinating connections at tissue-level, thus provide insight into their functional contribution to skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Peña‐Jimenez
- Epithelial Cell Biology GroupCancer Cell Biology ProgrammeSpanish Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Silvia Fontenete
- Epithelial Cell Biology GroupCancer Cell Biology ProgrammeSpanish Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
- Section of Cell Biology and PhysiologyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Diego Megias
- Confocal Microscopy Core UnitBiotechnology ProgrammeSpanish Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Coral Fustero‐Torre
- Bioinformatics UnitStructural Biology ProgrammeSpanish Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Osvaldo Graña‐Castro
- Bioinformatics UnitStructural Biology ProgrammeSpanish Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Donatello Castellana
- Epithelial Cell Biology GroupCancer Cell Biology ProgrammeSpanish Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
- Center for Cooperative Research Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE)Derio BizkaiaSpain
| | - Robert Loewe
- Department of DermatologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Mirna Perez‐Moreno
- Epithelial Cell Biology GroupCancer Cell Biology ProgrammeSpanish Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
- Section of Cell Biology and PhysiologyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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23
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Hagan AS, Boylan M, Smith C, Perez-Santamarina E, Kowalska K, Hung IH, Lewis RM, Hajihosseini MK, Lewandoski M, Ornitz DM. Generation and validation of novel conditional flox and inducible Cre alleles targeting fibroblast growth factor 18 (Fgf18). Dev Dyn 2019; 248:882-893. [PMID: 31290205 PMCID: PMC7029619 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18) functions in the development of several tissues, including the lung, limb bud, palate, skeleton, central nervous system, and hair follicle. Mice containing a germline knockout of Fgf18 (Fgf18 -/- ) die shortly after birth. Postnatally, FGF18 is being evaluated for pathogenic roles in fibrosis and several types of cancer. The specific cell types that express FGF18 have been difficult to identify, and the function of FGF18 in postnatal development and tissue homeostasis has been hampered by the perinatal lethality of Fgf18 null mice. RESULTS We engineered a floxed allele of Fgf18 (Fgf18 flox ) that allows conditional gene inactivation and a CreERT2 knockin allele (Fgf18 CreERT2 ) that allows the precise identification of cells that express Fgf18 and their lineage. We validated the Fgf18 flox allele by targeting it in mesenchymal tissue and primary mesoderm during embryonic development, resulting in similar phenotypes to those observed in Fgf18 null mice. We also use the Fgf18 CreERT2 allele, in combination with a conditional fluorescent reporter to confirm known and identify new sites of Fgf18 expression. CONCLUSION These alleles will be useful to investigate FGF18 function during organogenesis and tissue homeostasis, and to target specific cell lineages at embryonic and postnatal time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Hagan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael Boylan
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Lab, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Craig Smith
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Karolina Kowalska
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Irene H. Hung
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Renate M. Lewis
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Mark Lewandoski
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Lab, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - David M. Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
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24
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Haensel D, Sun P, MacLean AL, Ma X, Zhou Y, Stemmler MP, Brabletz S, Berx G, Plikus MV, Nie Q, Brabletz T, Dai X. An Ovol2-Zeb1 transcriptional circuit regulates epithelial directional migration and proliferation. EMBO Rep 2018; 20:embr.201846273. [PMID: 30413481 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Directional migration is inherently important for epithelial tissue regeneration and repair, but how it is precisely controlled and coordinated with cell proliferation is unclear. Here, we report that Ovol2, a transcriptional repressor that inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), plays a crucial role in adult skin epithelial regeneration and repair. Ovol2-deficient mice show compromised wound healing characterized by aberrant epidermal cell migration and proliferation, as well as delayed anagen progression characterized by defects in hair follicle matrix cell proliferation and subsequent differentiation. Epidermal keratinocytes and bulge hair follicle stem cells (Bu-HFSCs) lacking Ovol2 fail to expand in culture and display molecular alterations consistent with enhanced EMT and reduced proliferation. Live imaging of wound explants and Bu-HFSCs reveals increased migration speed but reduced directionality, and post-mitotic cell cycle arrest. Remarkably, simultaneous deletion of Zeb1 encoding an EMT-promoting factor restores directional migration to Ovol2-deficient Bu-HFSCs. Taken together, our findings highlight the important function of an Ovol2-Zeb1 EMT-regulatory circuit in controlling the directional migration of epithelial stem and progenitor cells to facilitate adult skin epithelial regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Haensel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Adam L MacLean
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xianghui Ma
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marc P Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Geert Berx
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Lab, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xing Dai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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25
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Marsh E, Gonzalez DG, Lathrop EA, Boucher J, Greco V. Positional Stability and Membrane Occupancy Define Skin Fibroblast Homeostasis In Vivo. Cell 2018; 175:1620-1633.e13. [PMID: 30415836 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are an essential cellular and structural component of our organs. Despite several advances, the critical behaviors that fibroblasts utilize to maintain their homeostasis in vivo have remained unclear. Here, by tracking the same skin fibroblasts in live mice, we show that fibroblast position is stable over time and that this stability is maintained despite the loss of neighboring fibroblasts. In contrast, fibroblast membranes are dynamic during homeostasis and extend to fill the space of lost neighboring fibroblasts in a Rac1-dependent manner. Positional stability is sustained during aging despite a progressive accumulation of gaps in fibroblast nuclei organization, while membrane occupancy continues to be maintained. This work defines positional stability and cell occupancy as key principles of skin fibroblast homeostasis in vivo, throughout the lifespan of mice, and identifies membrane extension in the absence of migration as the core cellular mechanism to carry out these principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Marsh
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David G Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Boucher
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Valentina Greco
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Departments of Dermatology & Cell Biology, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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26
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Pesaresi M, Sebastian-Perez R, Cosma MP. Dedifferentiation, transdifferentiation and cell fusion: in vivo reprogramming strategies for regenerative medicine. FEBS J 2018; 286:1074-1093. [PMID: 30103260 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative capacities vary enormously across the animal kingdom. In contrast to most cold-blooded vertebrates, mammals, including humans, have very limited regenerative capacity when it comes to repairing damaged or degenerating tissues. Here, we review the main mechanisms of tissue regeneration, underlying the importance of cell dedifferentiation and reprogramming. We discuss the significance of cell fate and identity changes in the context of regenerative medicine, with a particular focus on strategies aiming at the promotion of the body's self-repairing mechanisms. We also introduce some of the most recent advances that have resulted in complete reprogramming of cell identity in vivo. Lastly, we discuss the main challenges that need to be addressed in the near future to develop in vivo reprogramming approaches with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Pesaresi
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | - Ruben Sebastian-Perez
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | - Maria Pia Cosma
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Tao Y, Yang Q, Wang L, Zhang J, Zhu X, Sun Q, Han Y, Luo Q, Wang Y, Guo X, Wu J, Li B, Yang X, He L, Ma G. β-catenin activation in hair follicle dermal stem cells induces ectopic hair outgrowth and skin fibrosis. J Mol Cell Biol 2018; 11:26-38. [DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Hair follicle dermal sheath (DS) harbors hair follicle dermal stem cells (hfDSCs), which can be recruited to replenish DS and dermal papilla (DP). Cultured DS cells can differentiate into various cell lineages in vitro. However, it is unclear how its plasticity is modulated in vivo. Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays an important role in maintaining stem cells of various lineages and is required for HF development and regeneration. Here we report that activation of β-catenin in DS generates ectopic HF outgrowth (EF) by reprogramming HF epidermal cells and DS cells themselves, and endows DS cells with hair inducing ability. Epidermal homeostasis of pre-existing HFs is disrupted. Additionally, cell-autonomous progressive skin fibrosis is prominent in dermis, where the excessive fibroblasts largely originate from DS. Gene expression analysis of purified DS cells with activated β-catenin revealed significantly increased expression of Bmp, Fgf, and Notch ligands and administration of Bmp, Fgf, or Notch signaling inhibitor attenuates EF formation. In summary, our findings advance the current knowledge of high plasticity of DS cells and provide an insight into understanding how Wnt/β-catenin signaling controls DS cell behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Tao
- Bio-X-Renji Hospital Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingchun Yang
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuming Zhu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunbin Han
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Luo
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yushu Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xizhi Guo
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baojie Li
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Ma
- Bio-X-Renji Hospital Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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28
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Kostic L, Sedov E, Soteriou D, Yosefzon Y, Fuchs Y. Isolation of Stem Cells and Progenitors from Mouse Epidermis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 41:1C.20.1-1C.20.11. [DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lana Kostic
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology and Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Egor Sedov
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology and Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Despina Soteriou
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology and Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Yahav Yosefzon
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology and Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology and Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
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29
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Martínez ML, Escario E, Poblet E, Sánchez D, Buchón FF, Izeta A, Jimenez F. Hair follicle-containing punch grafts accelerate chronic ulcer healing: A randomized controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 75:1007-1014. [PMID: 27745629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.02.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A prominent role of hair follicle-derived cells in epidermal wound closure is now well established but clinical translation of basic research findings is scarce. Although skin punch grafts have been used as a therapeutic intervention to improve healing of chronic leg ulcers, they are normally harvested from nonhairy areas, thus not taking advantage of the reported role of the hair follicle as a wound-healing promoter. OBJECTIVE We sought to substantiate the role of hair follicles in venous leg ulcer healing by transplanting hair follicle-containing versus nonhairy punch grafts. METHODS This was a randomized controlled trial with intraindividual comparison of hair follicle scalp grafts and nonhairy skin grafts transplanted in parallel into 2 halves of the same ulcer. RESULTS Ulcer healing measured as the average percentage reduction 18 weeks postintervention was significantly increased (P = .002) in the hair follicle group with a 75.15% (SD 23.03) ulcer area reduction compared with 33.07% (SD 46.17) in the control group (nonhairy grafts). LIMITATIONS Sample size was small (n = 12). CONCLUSION Autologous transplantation of terminal hair follicles by scalp punch grafts induces better healing than punch grafts harvested from nonhairy areas. Hair punch grafting is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that appears to be effective as a therapeutic tool for chronic venous leg ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Escario
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital General Universitario de Albacete and Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Enrique Poblet
- Department of Pathology, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía de Murcia and Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - David Sánchez
- Department of Ingeniería Cartográfica, Geodesia y Fotogrametría, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando-Francisco Buchón
- Department of Ingeniería Cartográfica, Geodesia y Fotogrametría, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ander Izeta
- Instituto Biodonostia, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Francisco Jimenez
- Mediteknia Dermatology Clinic, Medical Pathology Group, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain.
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30
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Higgins CA, Roger MF, Hill RP, Ali-Khan AS, Garlick JA, Christiano AM, Jahoda CAB. Multifaceted role of hair follicle dermal cells in bioengineered skins. Br J Dermatol 2017; 176:1259-1269. [PMID: 27679975 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The method of generating bioengineered skin constructs was pioneered several decades ago; nowadays these constructs are used regularly for the treatment of severe burns and nonhealing wounds. Commonly, these constructs are comprised of skin fibroblasts within a collagen scaffold, forming the skin dermis, and stratified keratinocytes overlying this, forming the skin epidermis. In the past decade there has been a surge of interest in bioengineered skins, with researchers seeking alternative cell sources, or scaffolds, from which constructs can be established, and for more biomimetic equivalents with skin appendages. OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether human hair follicle dermal cells can act as an alternative cell source for engineering the dermal component of engineered skin constructs. METHODS We established in vitro skin constructs by incorporating into the collagenous dermal compartment: (i) primary interfollicular dermal fibroblasts, (ii) hair follicle dermal papilla cells or (iii) hair follicle dermal sheath cells. In vivo skins were established by mixing dermal cells and keratinocytes in chambers on top of immunologically compromised mice. RESULTS All fibroblast subtypes were capable of supporting growth of overlying epithelial cells, both in vitro and in vivo. However, we found hair follicle dermal sheath cells to be superior to fibroblasts in their capacity to influence the establishment of a basal lamina. CONCLUSIONS Human hair follicle dermal cells can be readily interchanged with interfollicular fibroblasts and used as an alternative cell source for establishing the dermal component of engineered skin both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Higgins
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - M F Roger
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, U.K
| | - R P Hill
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, U.K
| | - A S Ali-Khan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Durham, Durham, U.K
| | - J A Garlick
- Sackler Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - A M Christiano
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - C A B Jahoda
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, U.K
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31
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Cryptomphalus aspersa Mollusc Egg Extract Promotes Regenerative Effects in Human Dermal Papilla Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020463. [PMID: 28230777 PMCID: PMC5343996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test, by an in vitro approach, whether a natural extract derived from eggs of the mollusc Cryptomphalus aspersa (e-CAF) that seems to present regenerative properties, can enhance the mobilization of human hair dermal papilla cells (HHDPCs) and play a role on tissue repair and regeneration. We have tested HHDPCs proliferation by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide (MTT) assay; cell migration by using a wound healing assay, as well as the modulation of the expression of cytoskeletal (F-actin and vimentin) and cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) (vinculin and P-FAK) proteins. We also explored whether e-CAF could lead HHDPCs to keratinocytes and/or fibroblasts by evaluating the expression of specific markers. We have compared these e-CAF effects with those induced by TGFβ1, implicated in regulation of cell proliferation and migration. e-CAF promotes proliferation and migration of HHDPCs cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner; it also increases the migratory behavior and the expression of adhesion molecules. These results support the fact that e-CAF could play a role on skin regeneration and be used for the prevention or repair of damaged tissue, either due to external causes or as a result of cutaneous aging.
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32
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Theocharidis G, Connelly JT. Minor collagens of the skin with not so minor functions. J Anat 2017; 235:418-429. [PMID: 31318053 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure and function of the skin relies on the complex expression pattern and organisation of extracellular matrix macromolecules, of which collagens are a principal component. The fibrillar collagens, types I and III, constitute over 90% of the collagen content within the skin and are the major determinants of the strength and stiffness of the tissue. However, the minor collagens also play a crucial regulatory role in a variety of processes, including cell anchorage, matrix assembly, and growth factor signalling. In this article, we review the expression patterns, key functions and involvement in disease pathogenesis of the minor collagens found in the skin. While it is clear that the minor collagens are important mediators of normal tissue function, homeostasis and repair, further insight into the molecular level structure and activity of these proteins is required for translation into clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Theocharidis
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - John T Connelly
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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33
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Budamakuntla L, Loganathan E, Sarvajnamurthy SA, Nataraj HV. Follicular Unit Grafting in Chronic Nonhealing Leg Ulcers: A Clinical Study. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2017; 10:200-206. [PMID: 29491655 PMCID: PMC5820837 DOI: 10.4103/jcas.jcas_38_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Objectives The restoration of the epithelium after injury takes place by migration of epithelial cells adjoining a wound or by centrifugal migration from hair follicles. To evaluate the feasibility and potential healing capacity of scalp follicular unit grafts transplanted into the wound bed of chronic leg ulcers. Materials and Methods Patients with chronic nonhealing ulcers of more than 6 weeks duration were selected for the study. Those with infected ulcers and uncontrolled diabetes were excluded from the study. Fifteen patients were included in the study. Follicular unit grafts were harvested under local anesthesia using small-diameter (1 mm) circular punches. A density of 5 follicular grafts/cm2 was implanted into the ulcer bed. The ulcer was dressed with Vaseline gauze and elastic bandage for 24 h. The wound area and volume were calculated by length × width × 0.7854 and length × width × depth × 0.7854, respectively. The treatment outcome was defined as the percentage in change of area and volume of the ulcer, 18 weeks after intervention. Results A total of 15 patients with 17 ulcers were treated with the above method. Of these 17 ulcers, 11 were venous ulcers, 2 were pyoderma gangrenosum associated with varicose veins, 2 were traumatic ulcers, and 2 were trophic ulcers. The baseline mean area of the ulcer was 6.72 cm2 (SD 5.65) and baseline volume was 2.87 cm3 (SD 2.9). The final area of the ulcer at the end of 18 weeks after the procedure was 3.84 cm2 (SD 5.43) and the final volume was 1.21 cm3 (SD 2.45), which was statistically significant. The mean percentage improvement in the area and volume of the ulcer was 48.8% and 71.98%, respectively. Two patients did not respond to the treatment. There were no adverse events after the procedure. Conclusion We conclude that follicular unit grafting into wound beds is feasible and represents a promising therapeutic alternative for managing nonhealing chronic leg ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leelavathy Budamakuntla
- Department of Dermatology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Eswari Loganathan
- Department of Dermatology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - H V Nataraj
- Department of Dermatology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Sánchez-Danés A, Blanpain C. Maintaining hair follicle stem cell identity in a dish. EMBO J 2016; 36:132-134. [PMID: 28003314 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201696051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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35
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Chacón-Martínez CA, Klose M, Niemann C, Glauche I, Wickström SA. Hair follicle stem cell cultures reveal self-organizing plasticity of stem cells and their progeny. EMBO J 2016; 36:151-164. [PMID: 27940653 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201694902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how complex tissues are formed, maintained, and regenerated through local growth, differentiation, and remodeling requires knowledge on how single-cell behaviors are coordinated on the population level. The self-renewing hair follicle, maintained by a distinct stem cell population, represents an excellent paradigm to address this question. A major obstacle in mechanistic understanding of hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) regulation has been the lack of a culture system that recapitulates HFSC behavior while allowing their precise monitoring and manipulation. Here, we establish an in vitro culture system based on a 3D extracellular matrix environment and defined soluble factors, which for the first time allows expansion and long-term maintenance of murine multipotent HFSCs in the absence of heterologous cell types. Strikingly, this scheme promotes de novo generation of HFSCs from non-HFSCs and vice versa in a dynamic self-organizing process. This bidirectional interconversion of HFSCs and their progeny drives the system into a population equilibrium state. Our study uncovers regulatory dynamics by which phenotypic plasticity of cells drives population-level homeostasis within a niche, and provides a discovery tool for studies on adult stem cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Klose
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Catherin Niemann
- Institute for Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ingmar Glauche
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sara A Wickström
- Paul Gerson Unna Group "Skin Homeostasis and Ageing", Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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36
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Santoro A, Vlachou T, Carminati M, Pelicci PG, Mapelli M. Molecular mechanisms of asymmetric divisions in mammary stem cells. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:1700-1720. [PMID: 27872203 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201643021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have the remarkable ability to undergo proliferative symmetric divisions and self-renewing asymmetric divisions. Balancing of the two modes of division sustains tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. Asymmetric divisions of Drosophila neuroblasts (NBs) and sensory organ precursor (SOP) cells served as prototypes to learn what we consider now principles of asymmetric mitoses. They also provide initial evidence supporting the notion that aberrant symmetric divisions of stem cells could correlate with malignancy. However, transferring the molecular knowledge of circuits underlying asymmetry from flies to mammals has proven more challenging than expected. Several experimental approaches have been used to define asymmetry in mammalian systems, based on daughter cell fate, unequal partitioning of determinants and niche contacts, or proliferative potential. In this review, we aim to provide a critical evaluation of the assays used to establish the stem cell mode of division, with a particular focus on the mammary gland system. In this context, we will discuss the genetic alterations that impinge on the modality of stem cell division and their role in breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Santoro
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Thalia Vlachou
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuel Carminati
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marina Mapelli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
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37
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Casale C, Imparato G, Urciuolo F, Netti PA. Endogenous human skin equivalent promotes in vitro morphogenesis of follicle-like structures. Biomaterials 2016; 101:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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38
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Boschi E, Longoni BM, Romanelli M, Mosca F. Cutaneous Tissue Engineering and Lower Extremity Wounds (Part 1). INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2016; 3:80-6. [PMID: 15866793 DOI: 10.1177/1534734604265695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered skin is a novel therapeutic with which difficult-to-heal lower extremity wounds may be treated. Such skins are products of cutaneous tissue engineering that provide an alternative for autologous or allogeneic tissue transplantation, thereby avoiding problems associated with donor site availability, the risk of infection, and scarring. Recently developed tissue-engineered skin equivalents have shown to be superior in certain ways to compression therapy for refractory venous ulcers and acute wounds. These biologic products behave similarly to autografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Boschi
- Division of General Surgery and Transplants, Department of Oncology, Transplants and Advanced Technologies, University of Pisa, Italy
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39
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Rittié L. Cellular mechanisms of skin repair in humans and other mammals. J Cell Commun Signal 2016; 10:103-20. [PMID: 27170326 PMCID: PMC4882309 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-016-0330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased incidence of non-healing skin wounds in developed societies has prompted tremendous research efforts on the complex process known as "wound healing". Unfortunately, the weak relevance of modern wound healing research to human health continues to be a matter of concern. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the cellular mechanisms that mediate wound closure in the skin of humans and laboratory animals. The author highlights the anatomical singularities of human skin vs. the skin of other mammals commonly used for wound healing research (i.e. as mice, rats, rabbits, and pigs), and discusses the roles of stem cells, myofibroblasts, and the matrix environment in the repair process. The majority of this review focuses on reepithelialization and wound closure. Other aspects of wound healing (e.g. inflammation, fibrous healing) are referred to when relevant to the main topic. This review aims at providing the reader with a clear understanding of the similarities and differences that have been reported over the past 100 years between the healing of human wounds and that of other mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Rittié
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, 6447 Medical Building I, 1301 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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40
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A mathematical model for the simulation of the formation and the subsequent regression of hypertrophic scar tissue after dermal wounding. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2016; 16:15-32. [PMID: 27229739 PMCID: PMC5285433 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-016-0799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A continuum hypothesis-based model is presented for the simulation of the formation and the subsequent regression of hypertrophic scar tissue after dermal wounding. Solely the dermal layer of the skin is modeled explicitly and it is modeled as a heterogeneous, isotropic and compressible neo-Hookean solid. With respect to the constituents of the dermal layer, the following components are selected as primary model components: fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, a generic signaling molecule and collagen molecules. A good match with respect to the evolution of the thickness of the dermal layer of scars between the outcomes of simulations and clinical measurements on hypertrophic scars at different time points after injury in human subjects is demonstrated. Interestingly, the comparison between the outcomes of the simulations and the clinical measurements demonstrates that a relatively high apoptosis rate of myofibroblasts results in scar tissue that behaves more like normal scar tissue with respect to the evolution of the thickness of the tissue over time, while a relatively low apoptosis rate results in scar tissue that behaves like hypertrophic scar tissue with respect to the evolution of the thickness of the tissue over time. Our ultimate goal is to construct models with which the properties of newly generated tissues that form during wound healing can be predicted with a high degree of certainty. The development of the presented model is considered by us as a step toward their construction.
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41
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Jimenez F, Shiell RC. The Okuda papers: an extraordinary--but unfortunately unrecognized--piece of work that could have changed the history of hair transplantation. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:185-6. [PMID: 25557647 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Jimenez
- Mediteknia Dermatology and Hair Transplant Clinic, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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42
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Sanz MT, Campos C, Milani M, Foyaca M, Lamy A, Kurdian K, Trullas C. Biorevitalizing effect of a novel facial serum containing apple stem cell extract, pro‐collagen lipopeptide, creatine, and urea on skin aging signs. J Cosmet Dermatol 2015; 15:24-30. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Sanz
- Isdin Medical Department R&D and Isdin Innovation Department Barcelona Spain
| | - Celia Campos
- Isdin Medical Department R&D and Isdin Innovation Department Barcelona Spain
| | - Massimo Milani
- Isdin Medical Department R&D and Isdin Innovation Department Barcelona Spain
| | - Monica Foyaca
- Isdin Medical Department R&D and Isdin Innovation Department Barcelona Spain
| | - Amandine Lamy
- Laboratoire Dermscan Lyon/Villeurbanne Lyon/Villeurbanne France
| | - Karine Kurdian
- Laboratoire Dermscan Lyon/Villeurbanne Lyon/Villeurbanne France
| | - Carles Trullas
- Isdin Medical Department R&D and Isdin Innovation Department Barcelona Spain
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43
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Kaushal GS, Rognoni E, Lichtenberger BM, Driskell RR, Kretzschmar K, Hoste E, Watt FM. Fate of Prominin-1 Expressing Dermal Papilla Cells during Homeostasis, Wound Healing and Wnt Activation. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2926-2934. [PMID: 26288357 PMCID: PMC4650270 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prominin-1/CD133 (Prom1) is expressed by fibroblasts in the dermal papilla (DP) of the hair follicle (HF). By examining endogenous Prom1 expression and expression of LacZ in the skin of Prom1CreERLacZ (Prom1C-L) mice, in which a CreERT2-IRES-nuclear LacZ cassette is knocked into the first ATG codon of Prom1, we confirmed that Prom1 is expressed in the DP of all developing HFs and also by postnatal anagen follicles. To analyze the fate of Prom1+ DP cells, we crossed Prom1C-L mice with Rosa26-CAG flox/stop/flox tdTomato reporter mice and applied 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OHT) to back skin at postnatal day (P) 1 and P2. We detected tdTomato+ cells in ~50% of DPs. The proportion of labeled cells per DP increased between P5 and P63, while the total number of cells per DP declined. Following full thickness wounding, there was no migration of tdTomato-labeled cells out of the DP. When β-catenin was activated in Prom1+ DP cells there was an increase in the size of anagen and telogen DP, but the proportion of tdTomato-labeled cells did not increase. We conclude that Prom1+ DP cells do not contribute to dermal repair but are nevertheless capable of regulating DP size via β-catenin-mediated intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace S Kaushal
- King's College London, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Emanuel Rognoni
- King's College London, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Beate M Lichtenberger
- King's College London, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Ryan R Driskell
- King's College London, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Kai Kretzschmar
- King's College London, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Esther Hoste
- King's College London, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- King's College London, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, UK.
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44
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Fibroblast heterogeneity and its implications for engineering organotypic skin models in vitro. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:483-512. [PMID: 26344860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cell culture methods, multidisciplinary research, clinical need to replace lost skin tissues and regulatory need to replace animal models with alternative test methods has led to development of three dimensional models of human skin. In general, these in vitro models of skin consist of keratinocytes cultured over fibroblast-populated dermal matrices. Accumulating evidences indicate that mesenchyme-derived signals are essential for epidermal morphogenesis, homeostasis and differentiation. Various studies show that fibroblasts isolated from different tissues in the body are dynamic in nature and are morphologically and functionally heterogeneous subpopulations. Further, these differences seem to be dictated by the local biological and physical microenvironment the fibroblasts reside resulting in "positional identity or memory". Furthermore, the heterogeneity among the fibroblasts play a critical role in scarless wound healing and complete restoration of native tissue architecture in fetus and oral mucosa; and excessive scar formation in diseased states like keloids and hypertrophic scars. In this review, we summarize current concepts about the heterogeneity among fibroblasts and their role in various wound healing environments. Further, we contemplate how the insights on fibroblast heterogeneity could be applied for the development of next generation organotypic skin models.
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45
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Vapniarsky N, Arzi B, Hu JC, Nolta JA, Athanasiou KA. Concise Review: Human Dermis as an Autologous Source of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1187-98. [PMID: 26253713 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The exciting potential for regenerating organs from autologous stem cells is on the near horizon, and adult dermis stem cells (DSCs) are particularly appealing because of the ease and relative minimal invasiveness of skin collection. A substantial number of reports have described DSCs and their potential for regenerating tissues from mesenchymal, ectodermal, and endodermal lineages; however, the exact niches of these stem cells in various skin types and their antigenic surface makeup are not yet clearly defined. The multilineage potential of DSCs appears to be similar, despite great variability in isolation and in vitro propagation methods. Despite this great potential, only limited amounts of tissues and clinical applications for organ regeneration have been developed from DSCs. This review summarizes the literature on DSCs regarding their niches and the specific markers they express. The concept of the niches and the differentiation capacity of cells residing in them along particular lineages is discussed. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of widely used methods to demonstrate lineage differentiation are considered. In addition, safety considerations and the most recent advancements in the field of tissue engineering and regeneration using DSCs are discussed. This review concludes with thoughts on how to prospectively approach engineering of tissues and organ regeneration using DSCs. Our expectation is that implementation of the major points highlighted in this review will lead to major advancements in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. SIGNIFICANCE Autologous dermis-derived stem cells are generating great excitement and efforts in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. The substantial impact of this review lies in its critical coverage of the available literature and in providing insight regarding niches, characteristics, and isolation methods of stem cells derived from the human dermis. Furthermore, it provides analysis of the current state-of-the-art regenerative approaches using human-derived dermal stem cells, with consideration of current guidelines, to assist translation toward therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vapniarsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Cures and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Boaz Arzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Cures and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jerry C Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Cures and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Cures and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kyriacos A Athanasiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Cures and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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46
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Ma D, Kua JEH, Lim WK, Lee ST, Chua AWC. In vitro characterization of human hair follicle dermal sheath mesenchymal stromal cells and their potential in enhancing diabetic wound healing. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:1036-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Li A, Lai YC, Figueroa S, Yang T, Widelitz RB, Kobielak K, Nie Q, Chuong CM. Deciphering principles of morphogenesis from temporal and spatial patterns on the integument. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:905-20. [PMID: 25858668 PMCID: PMC4520785 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How tissue patterns form in development and regeneration is a fundamental issue remaining to be fully understood. The integument often forms repetitive units in space (periodic patterning) and time (cyclic renewal), such as feathers and hairs. Integument patterns are visible and experimentally manipulatable, helping us reveal pattern formative processes. Variability is seen in regional phenotypic specificities and temporal cycling at different physiological stages. RESULTS Here we show some cellular/molecular bases revealed by analyzing integument patterns. (1) Localized cellular activity (proliferation, rearrangement, apoptosis, differentiation) transforms prototypic organ primordia into specific shapes. Combinatorial positioning of different localized activity zones generates diverse and complex organ forms. (2) Competitive equilibrium between activators and inhibitors regulates stem cells through cyclic quiescence and activation. CONCLUSIONS Dynamic interactions between stem cells and their adjacent niche regulate regenerative behavior, modulated by multi-layers of macro-environmental factors (dermis, body hormone status, and external environment). Genomics studies may reveal how positional information of localized cellular activity is stored. In vivo skin imaging and lineage tracing unveils new insights into stem cell plasticity. Principles of self-assembly obtained from the integumentary organ model can be applied to help restore damaged patterns during regenerative wound healing and for tissue engineering to rebuild tissues. Developmental Dynamics 244:905-920, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yung-Chih Lai
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Seth Figueroa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Randall B Widelitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Krzysztof Kobielak
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Cheng Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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48
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Ali N, Hosseini M, Vainio S, Taïeb A, Cario‐André M, Rezvani H. Skin equivalents: skin from reconstructions as models to study skin development and diseases. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:391-403. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Ali
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu Aapistie 5A 90220 Oulu Finland
- Inserm U 1035 33076 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux France
| | - M. Hosseini
- Inserm U 1035 33076 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux France
| | - S. Vainio
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu Aapistie 5A 90220 Oulu Finland
| | - A. Taïeb
- Inserm U 1035 33076 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux France
- Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau Bordeaux France
- Département de Dermatologie & Dermatologie Pédiatrique CHU de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - M. Cario‐André
- Inserm U 1035 33076 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux France
- Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau Bordeaux France
| | - H.R. Rezvani
- Inserm U 1035 33076 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux France
- Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau Bordeaux France
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49
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Balañá ME, Charreau HE, Leirós GJ. Epidermal stem cells and skin tissue engineering in hair follicle regeneration. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:711-27. [PMID: 26029343 PMCID: PMC4444612 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i4.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The reconstitution of a fully organized and functional hair follicle from dissociated cells propagated under defined tissue culture conditions is a challenge still pending in tissue engineering. The loss of hair follicles caused by injuries or pathologies such as alopecia not only affects the patients' psychological well-being, but also endangers certain inherent functions of the skin. It is then of great interest to find different strategies aiming to regenerate or neogenerate the hair follicle under conditions proper of an adult individual. Based upon current knowledge on the epithelial and dermal cells and their interactions during the embryonic hair generation and adult hair cycling, many researchers have tried to obtain mature hair follicles using different strategies and approaches depending on the causes of hair loss. This review summarizes current advances in the different experimental strategies to regenerate or neogenerate hair follicles, with emphasis on those involving neogenesis of hair follicles in adult individuals using isolated cells and tissue engineering. Most of these experiments were performed using rodent cells, particularly from embryonic or newborn origin. However, no successful strategy to generate human hair follicles from adult cells has yet been reported. This review identifies several issues that should be considered to achieve this objective. Perhaps the most important challenge is to provide three-dimensional culture conditions mimicking the structure of living tissue. Improving culture conditions that allow the expansion of specific cells while protecting their inductive properties, as well as methods for selecting populations of epithelial stem cells, should give us the necessary tools to overcome the difficulties that constrain human hair follicle neogenesis. An analysis of patent trends shows that the number of patent applications aimed at hair follicle regeneration and neogenesis has been increasing during the last decade. This field is attractive not only to academic researchers but also to the companies that own almost half of the patents in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Balañá
- María Eugenia Balañá, Gustavo José Leirós, Fundación Pablo Cassará -Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Saladillo 2468 C1440FFX, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán Eduardo Charreau
- María Eugenia Balañá, Gustavo José Leirós, Fundación Pablo Cassará -Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Saladillo 2468 C1440FFX, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo José Leirós
- María Eugenia Balañá, Gustavo José Leirós, Fundación Pablo Cassará -Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Saladillo 2468 C1440FFX, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Wabik A, Jones PH. Switching roles: the functional plasticity of adult tissue stem cells. EMBO J 2015; 34:1164-79. [PMID: 25812989 PMCID: PMC4426478 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201490386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult organisms have to adapt to survive, and the same is true for their tissues. Rates and types of cell production must be rapidly and reversibly adjusted to meet tissue demands in response to both local and systemic challenges. Recent work reveals how stem cell (SC) populations meet these requirements by switching between functional states tuned to homoeostasis or regeneration. This plasticity extends to differentiating cells, which are capable of reverting to SCs after injury. The concept of the niche, the micro-environment that sustains and regulates stem cells, is broadening, with a new appreciation of the role of physical factors and hormonal signals. Here, we review different functions of SCs, the cellular mechanisms that underlie them and the signals that bias the fate of SCs as they switch between roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wabik
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge Hutchison/MRC Research Centre Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philip H Jones
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge Hutchison/MRC Research Centre Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
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