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Reinhardt JR, Marquis RJ. Ecosystem engineering and leaf quality together affect arthropod community structure and diversity on white oak (Quercus alba L.). Oecologia 2023; 203:13-25. [PMID: 37689603 PMCID: PMC10615914 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05439-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Shelter building caterpillars act as ecosystem engineers by creating and maintaining leaf shelters, which are then colonized by other arthropods. Foliage quality has been shown to influence initial colonization by shelter-building caterpillars. However, the effects of plant quality on the interactions between ecosystem engineers and their communities have yet to be studied at the whole plant level. We examined how leaf tying caterpillars, as ecosystem engineers, impact arthropod communities on Quercus alba (white oak), and the modifying effect of foliage quality on these interactions. We removed all leaf tying caterpillars and leaf ties on 35 Q. alba saplings during the season when leaf tying caterpillars were active (June-September), and compared these leaf tie removal trees to 35 control trees whose leaf ties were left intact. Removal of these ecosystem engineers had no impact on overall arthropod species richness, but reduced species diversity, and overall arthropod abundance and that of most guilds, and changed the structure of the arthropod community as the season progressed. There was an increase in plant-level species richness with increasing number of leaf ties, consistent with Habitat Diversity Hypothesis. In turn, total arthropod density, and that of both leaf tying caterpillars and free-feeding caterpillars were affected by foliar tannin and nitrogen concentrations, and leaf water content. The engineering effect was greatest on low quality plants, consistent with the Stress-Gradient Hypothesis. Our results demonstrate that interactions between ecosystem engineering and plant quality together determine community structure of arthropods on Q. alba in Missouri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Reinhardt
- Department of Biology and the Whitney R. Harris World Ecology Center, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1 University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA.
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest and Woodland Ecosystems, 1221 South Main Street, Moscow, ID, 83843, USA.
| | - Robert J Marquis
- Department of Biology and the Whitney R. Harris World Ecology Center, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1 University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
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2
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Yoneya K, Miki T, Katayama N. Plant volatiles and priority effects interactively determined initial community assembly of arthropods on multiple willow species. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10270. [PMID: 37492458 PMCID: PMC10364932 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant traits, which are often species specific, can serve as environmental filtering for community assembly on plants. At the same time, the species identity of the initially colonizing arthropods would vary between plant individuals, which would subsequently influence colonizing arthropods and community development in the later stages. However, it remains unclear whether interindividual divergence due to priority effects is equally important as plant trait-specific environmental filtering in the initial stages. In this study, we propose that plant volatile organic compounds (PVOCs) may play a crucial role as an environmental filter in the initial stages of community assembly, which can prevent the community assembly process from being purely stochastic. To test this hypothesis, we conducted short term but highly frequent monitoring (19 observations over 9 days) of arthropod community assembly on intact individuals of six willow species in a common garden. PVOC compositions were analyzed before starting the experiment and compared with arthropod compositions occurring on Days 1-2 of the experiment (earliest colonizer community) and those occurring on Days 8-9 of the experiment (subsequent colonizer community). Unintentionally, deer herbivory also occurred at night of Day 2. Distance-based statistics demonstrated that PVOC compositions were plant species specific, but neither the earliest colonizer nor the subsequent colonizer community composition could be explained by plant species identity. Rather, Procrustes analysis showed that both the PVOC composition and that of the earliest colonizer community can be used to explain the subsequent colonizer community. In addition, the linkage between PVOCs and the subsequent colonizer community was stronger on individuals with deer herbivory. These findings indicate that PVOCs have widespread effects on initial community assembly, as well as priority effects brought on by stochastic immigration, and that plant species identity only has weak and indirect effects on the actual composition of the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinuyo Yoneya
- Faculty of AgricultureKindai UniversityNaraJapan
- Center for Biodiversity ScienceRyukoku UniversityOtsuJapan
| | - Takeshi Miki
- Center for Biodiversity ScienceRyukoku UniversityOtsuJapan
- Faculty of Advanced Science and TechnologyRyukoku UniversityOtsuJapan
| | - Noboru Katayama
- General EducationFaculty of CommerceOtaru University of CommerceOtaruJapan
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3
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Kozlov MV, Zverev V, Zvereva EL. Elevational changes in insect herbivory on woody plants in six mountain ranges of temperate Eurasia: Sources of variation. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9468. [PMID: 36349250 PMCID: PMC9636509 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Current theory predicts that the intensity of biotic interactions, particularly herbivory, decreases with increasing latitude and elevation. However, recent studies have revealed substantial variation in both the latitudinal and elevational patterns of herbivory. This variation is often attributed to differences in study design and the type of data collected by different researchers. Here, we used a similar sampling protocol along elevational gradients in six mountain ranges, located at different latitudes within temperate Eurasia, to uncover the sources of variation in elevational patterns in insect herbivory on woody plant leaves. We discovered a considerable variation in elevational patterns among different mountain ranges; nevertheless, herbivory generally decreased with increasing elevation at both the community-wide and individual plant species levels. This decrease was mostly due to openly living defoliators, whereas no significant association was detected between herbivory and elevation among insects living within plant tissues (i.e., miners and gallers). The elevational decrease in herbivory was significant for deciduous plants but not for evergreen plants, and for tall plants but not for low-stature plants. The community-wide herbivory increased with increases in both specific leaf area and leaf size. The strength of the negative correlation between herbivory and elevation increased from lower to higher latitudes. We conclude that despite the predicted overall decrease with elevation, elevational gradients in herbivory demonstrate considerable variation, and this variation is mostly associated with herbivore feeding habits, some plant traits, and latitude of the mountain range.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vitali Zverev
- Department of BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
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4
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OUP accepted manuscript. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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5
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Capobianco JN, Pietrantuono AL, Aparicio AG, Fernández‐Arhex V. Host plant choice and effect of temperature on feeding behaviour of
Perzelia arda
(Lepidoptera: Depressariidae), a leaf‐tying larva, on Nothofagaceae from the Andean Patagonian forest. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio Nahuel Capobianco
- Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche Universidad Nacional del Comahue Quintral 1250 San Carlos de Bariloche 8400 Argentina
| | - Ana Laura Pietrantuono
- IFAB – Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (INTA– CONICET) San Carlos de Bariloche Argentina
| | - Alejandro Gabriel Aparicio
- IFAB – Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (INTA– CONICET) San Carlos de Bariloche Argentina
| | - Valeria Fernández‐Arhex
- IFAB – Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (INTA– CONICET) San Carlos de Bariloche Argentina
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Kim TN. How plant neighborhood composition influences herbivory: Testing four mechanisms of associational resistance and susceptibility. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176499. [PMID: 28486538 PMCID: PMC5423596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neighboring plants can decrease or increase each other’s likelihood of damage from herbivores through associational resistance or susceptibility, respectively. Associational effects (AE) can transpire through changes in herbivore or plant traits that affect herbivore movement, densities, and feeding behaviors to ultimately affect plant damage. While much work has focused on understanding the mechanisms that underlie associational effects, we know little about how these mechanisms are influenced by neighborhood composition, i.e., plant density or relative frequency which is necessary to make predictions about when AE should occur in nature. Using a series of field and greenhouse experiments, I examined how plant density and relative frequency affected plant damage to Solanum carolinense and four mechanisms that underlie AE; (i) accumulation of insect herbivores and arthropod predators, (ii) microclimate conditions, (iii) plant resistance, and (iv) specialist herbivore preference. I found a positive relationship between S. carolinense damage and the relative frequency of a non-focal neighbor (Solidago altissima) and all four AE mechanisms were influenced by one or multiple neighborhood components. Frequency-dependence in S. carolinense damage is most likely due to greater generalist herbivore load on S. carolinense (through spillover from S. altissima) with microclimate variables, herbivore preference, predation pressures, and plant resistance having relatively weaker effects. Associational effects may have long-term consequences for these two plant species during plant succession and understanding context-dependent herbivory has insect pest management implication for other plant species in agriculture and forestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania N. Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Pietrantuono AL, Bruzzone OA, Fernández-Arhex V. The role of leaf cellulose content in determining host plant preferences of three defoliating insects present in the Andean-Patagonian forest. AUSTRAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. L. Pietrantuono
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; CONICET - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; CC277, Av. Modesta Victoria 4450 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche Río Negro Argentina
| | - O. A. Bruzzone
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; CONICET - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; CC277, Av. Modesta Victoria 4450 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche Río Negro Argentina
| | - V. Fernández-Arhex
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; CONICET - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; CC277, Av. Modesta Victoria 4450 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche Río Negro Argentina
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Kulfan J, Dvořáčková K, Zach P, Parák M, Svitok M. Distribution of Lepidopteran Larvae on Norway Spruce: Effects of Slope and Crown Aspect. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:436-445. [PMID: 26795212 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lepidoptera associated with Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karsten, play important roles in ecosystem processes, acting as plant pests, prey for predators, and hosts for parasites and parasitoids. Their distribution patterns in spruce crowns and forests are only poorly understood. We examined how slope and crown aspect affect the occurrence and abundance of moth larvae on solitary spruce trees in a montane region in Central Europe. Moth larvae were collected from southern and northern crowns of trees growing on south- and north-facing slopes (four treatments) using emergence boxes at the end of winter and by the beating method during the growing season. Species responses to slope and crown aspect were not uniform. Treatment effects on moth larvae were stronger in the winter than during the growing season. In winter, the abundance of bud-boring larvae was significantly higher in northern than in southern crowns regardless of the slope aspect, while both slope and aspect had marginally significant effects on abundance of miners. During the growing season, the occurrence of free-living larvae was similar among treatments. Emergence boxes and beating spruce branches are complementary techniques providing valuable insights into the assemblage structure of moth larvae on Norway spruce. Due to the uneven distribution of larvae detected in this study, we recommend adoption of a protocol that explicitly includes sampling of trees from contrasting slopes and branches from contrasting crown aspect in all seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Kulfan
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Štúrova 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic (; ; ),
| | - Katarína Dvořáčková
- State Nature Conservancy SR, Administration CHKO Polana, J. M. Hurbana 20, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Zach
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Štúrova 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic (; ; )
| | - Michal Parák
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Štúrova 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic (; ; )
| | - Marek Svitok
- Department of Biology and General Ecology, Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, Masaryka 24, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovak Republic , and Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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Valencia-Cuevas L, Tovar-Sánchez E. Oak canopy arthropod communities: which factors shape its structure? REVISTA CHILENA DE HISTORIA NATURAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40693-015-0045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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10
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Volf M, Hrcek J, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Novotny V. To each its own: differential response of specialist and generalist herbivores to plant defence in willows. J Anim Ecol 2015; 84:1123-32. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Volf
- Faculty of Science; University of South Bohemia and Biology Centre; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Branisovska 31 37005 Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hrcek
- Faculty of Science; University of South Bohemia and Biology Centre; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Branisovska 31 37005 Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto
- Department of Biology; University of Eastern Finland; Yliopistukatu 7 Box 111 80101 Joensuu Finland
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Faculty of Science; University of South Bohemia and Biology Centre; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Branisovska 31 37005 Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
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11
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Baer CS, Marquis RJ. Native leaf-tying caterpillars influence host plant use by the invasive Asiatic oak weevil through ecosystem engineering. Ecology 2014; 95:1472-8. [DOI: 10.1890/13-1689.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Sigmon E, Lill JT. Phenological variation in the composition of a temperate forest leaf tie community. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2013; 42:29-37. [PMID: 23339783 DOI: 10.1603/en12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Arthropod communities in an array of temperate ecosystems follow similar phenological patterns of distinct compositional turnovers during the course of a season. The arthropod community inhabiting leaf ties is no exception. Many caterpillars build leaf ties, shelters between overlapping leaves attached together with silk, which are colonized secondarily by a variety of arthropods. We created experimental leaf ties by clipping overlapping leaves together with metal clips. We censused the arthropod community within experimental ties on two host plants, American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrhart), and white oak (Quercus alba L.), weekly for 10 wk during the summer of 2009. Diversity measures for leaf-tying caterpillars and the entire arthropod community within ties varied little between tree species and sampling periods, but caterpillar and arthropod density per tie was significantly higher on white oak than beech and abundance increased on both tree species as the season progressed. The composition (i.e., species presence and abundance) of the leaf-tying caterpillar community and the arthropod community as a whole differed between host-tree species and sampling periods. Although the arthropod communities on American beech and white oak differed, they showed similar patterns of compositional turnover, with distinct communities in early and late summer and a transitional community midsummer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisha Sigmon
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, 2023 G Street NW, Suite 340, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
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13
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Wang HG, Marquis RJ, Baer CS. Both host plant and ecosystem engineer identity influence leaf-tie impacts on the arthropod community ofQuercus. Ecology 2012. [PMID: 23185880 DOI: 10.1890/11-1838.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H George Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121-4400, USA.
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14
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15
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Barber NA, Marquis RJ. Leaf quality, predators, and stochastic processes in the assembly of a diverse herbivore community. Ecology 2011; 92:699-708. [PMID: 21608478 DOI: 10.1890/10-0125.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ecological communities are structured by both deterministic, niche-based processes and stochastic processes such as dispersal. A pressing issue in ecology is to determine when and for which organisms each of these types of processes is important in community assembly. The roles of deterministic and stochastic processes have been studied for a variety of communities, but very few researchers have addressed their contribution to insect herbivore community structure. Insect herbivore niches are often described as largely shaped by the antagonistic pressures of predation and host plant defenses. However host plants are frequently discrete patches of habitat, and their spatial arrangement can affect herbivore dispersal patterns. We studied the roles of predation, host plant quality, and host spatial proximity for the assembly of a diverse insect herbivore community on Quercus alba (white oak) across two growing seasons. We examined abundances of feeding guilds to determine if ecologically similar species responded similarly to variation in niches. Most guilds responded similarly to leaf quality, preferring high-nitrogen, low-tannin host plants, particularly late in the growing season, while bird predation had little impact on herbivore abundance. The communities on the high-quality plants tended to be larger and, in some cases, have greater species richness. We analyzed community composition by correlating indices of community similarity with predator presence, leaf quality similarity, and host plant proximity. Birds did not affect community composition. Community similarity was significantly associated with distance between host plants and uncorrelated with leaf quality similarity. Thus although leaf quality significantly affected the total abundance of herbivores on a host plant, in some cases leading to increased species richness, dispersal limitation may weaken this relationship. The species composition of these communities may be driven by stochastic processes rather than variation in host plant characteristics or differential predation by insectivorous birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Barber
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, R223 Research Building, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121-4400, USA.
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16
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Garibaldi LA, Kitzberger T, Chaneton EJ. Environmental and genetic control of insect abundance and herbivory along a forest elevational gradient. Oecologia 2011; 167:117-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-1978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Mattingly WB, Flory SL. Plant architecture affects periodical cicada oviposition behavior on native and non-native hosts. OIKOS 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18994.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zehnder CB, Stodola KW, Cooper RJ, Hunter MD. Spatial heterogeneity in the relative impacts of foliar quality and predation pressure on red oak, Quercus rubra, arthropod communities. Oecologia 2010; 164:1017-27. [PMID: 20711610 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-010-1750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Crutsinger GM, Strauss SY, Rudgers JA. Genetic variation within a dominant shrub species determines plant species colonization in a coastal dune ecosystem. Ecology 2010; 91:1237-43. [DOI: 10.1890/09-0613.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Wise MJ, Abrahamson WG, Cole JA. The role of nodding stems in the goldenrod-gall-fly interaction: A test of the "ducking" hypothesis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2010; 97:525-529. [PMID: 21622414 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.0900227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Herbivores are among the most pervasive selective forces acting on plants, and the number of plant chemicals that presumably evolved for defense against herbivory is immense. In contrast, biologists are only beginning to appreciate the important roles that architectural traits can play in antiherbivore defense. One putative architectural-resistance trait is the nodding stem apex of some goldenrods (Solidago; Asteraceae). Individuals of S. altissima genets that undergo temporary nodding in the late spring (i.e., "candy-cane" ramets) have been shown to be more resistant than individuals of erect-stemmed genets to certain apex-attacking herbivores. We tested the hypothesis that the greater resistance of candy-cane ramets is accomplished by the ramets' "ducking" from the herbivores. In a greenhouse experiment, nodding candy-cane ramets were significantly more resistant to oviposition by the gall-inducing fly Eurosta solidaginis than were ramets of the same genets that had been experimentally straightened. The straightened candy-cane stems were just as susceptible to ovipositions as were ramets of erect-stemmed genets. Thus, ducking indeed appears to confer a resistance advantage to candy-cane genets of S. altissima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wise
- Blandy Experimental Farm, 400 Blandy Farm Lane, Boyce, Virginia 22620 USA
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22
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Nutrient supply and bird predation additively control insect herbivory and tree growth in two contrasting forest habitats. OIKOS 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17862.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Marquis RJ, Lill JT. Impact of plant architecture versus leaf quality on attack by leaf-tying caterpillars on five oak species. Oecologia 2009; 163:203-13. [PMID: 19960353 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-009-1519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Because shelter-building herbivorous insect species often consider structural features of their host plants in selecting construction sites, their probability of attack is likely to be a function of some combination of plant architectural traits and leaf quality factors. We tested the hypothesis that plant architecture, in the form of the number of touching leaves, influences interspecific variation in attack by leaf-tying caterpillars in five species of sympatric Missouri oaks (Quercus). We compared colonization on control branches, in which both architecture and leaf quality were potentially important, with colonization on experimental branches for which we controlled for the effects of architecture by creating equal numbers of artificial ties. Colonization of artificial ties was highly correlated with natural colonization on neighboring control branches, suggesting that leaf quality factors and not architecture influenced interspecific variation in attack by leaf-tying caterpillars. Of the leaf quality factors measured (water, protein-binding capacity, nitrogen, specific leaf area, pubescence, and toughness), nitrogen was the most explanatory. With the exception of white oak, natural leaf tie colonization was positively correlated with nitrogen availability (ratio of nitrogen to protein-binding capacity), and negatively correlated with protein-binding capacity of leaf extracts. Both host plant species and subgenus oak influenced the community composition of leaf-tying caterpillars and the non-tying symbionts colonizing the ties. Host plant differences in leaf nitrogen content were positively correlated with pupal weight of one of two caterpillar species reared on all five host plant species. Thus, interspecific differences in nitrogen, nitrogen availability, and protein-binding capacity of leaf extracts are the best predictors at this time of interspecific differences in attack by leaf-tying caterpillars, in turn affecting their success on individual host plants in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Marquis
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St Louis, One University Boulevard, St Louis, MO 63121-4499, USA.
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Barbosa P, Hines J, Kaplan I, Martinson H, Szczepaniec A, Szendrei Z. Associational Resistance and Associational Susceptibility: Having Right or Wrong Neighbors. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2009. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Barbosa
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742;
- By agreement of all authors, the names of the second through sixth authors are presented in alphabetical order
| | - Jessica Hines
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742;
| | - Ian Kaplan
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Holly Martinson
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742;
| | | | - Zsofia Szendrei
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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Wise MJ. To duck or not to duck: resistance advantages and disadvantages of the candy-cane stem phenotype in tall goldenrod, Solidago altissima. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 183:900-907. [PMID: 19496949 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02879.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Solidago altissima populations consistently contain a minority of 'ducking', or 'candy-cane', stems. The goals of this study were to investigate whether these candy-cane stems may be an adaptation to resist herbivory, and to look for costs (namely, resistance tradeoffs or reduced reproduction) that might constrain the spread of the ducking trait. In this study, herbivory and seed set were recorded for 272 erect and 272 candy-cane stems in a field population of S. altissima. Candy-cane plants were twice as resistant as erect plants to two common apex-attacking gall midges, but were 26% more susceptible than erect plants to a more abundant apex-boring caterpillar. The two stem morphs were equally resistant to all other herbivores surveyed. Candy-cane plants were 11% less likely to experience apex damage and 3% more likely to set seed than erect-stemmed plants. Damaged candy-cane stems were 9% more likely to produce seeds than damaged erect stems. Although ducking is an effective means of resisting apex-galling herbivores, its spread may be constrained by susceptibility to an apex-boring caterpillar, which may enjoy enemy-reduced space on candy-cane stems. The evolution of ducking does not seem to be constrained by a reduced likelihood of sexual reproduction, or reduced tolerance of apex damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wise
- Blandy Experimental Farm, University of Virginia, 400 Blandy Farm Lane, Boyce, VA 22620, USA
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Wise MJ, Abrahamson WG. DUCKING AS A MEANS OF RESISTANCE TO HERBIVORY IN TALL GOLDENROD,SOLIDAGO ALTISSIMA. Ecology 2008; 89:3275-81. [DOI: 10.1890/08-0277.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Espírito-Santo MM, Neves FDS, Andrade-Neto FR, Fernandes GW. Plant architecture and meristem dynamics as the mechanisms determining the diversity of gall-inducing insects. Oecologia 2007; 153:353-64. [PMID: 17453251 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-007-0737-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Plant architecture is considered to affect herbivory intensity, but it is one of the least studied factors in plant-insect interactions, especially for gall-inducing insects. This study aimed to investigate the influence of plant architecture on the speciose fauna of gall-inducing insects associated with 17 species of Baccharis. Five architectural variables were evaluated: plant height, number of fourth-level shoots, biomass, average level and number of ramifications. The number of galling species associated with each host plant species was also determined. To test the effects of plant architecture on gall richness at the individual level, we used another data set where the number of fourth-level shoots and gall richness were determined for B. concinna, B. dracunculifolia, and B. ramosissima every 3 weeks during 1 year. The average similarity between host species based on gall fauna was low (9%), but plants with the same architectural pattern tended to support similar gall communities. The most important architectural trait influencing gall richness at the species level was the number of fourth-level shoots, which is indicative of the availability of plant meristems, a fundamental tissue for gall induction and development. This variable also showed a positive correlation with gall richness at the individual level. We propose that variations in gall richness among host species are driven by interspecific differences in plant architecture via availability of young, undifferentiated tissue, which is genetically controlled by the strength of the apical dominance. Plant architecture should have evolutionary consequences for gall communities, promoting insect radiation among architecturally similar plants through host shift and sympatric speciation. We also discuss the role of plant architecture in the global biogeography of gall-inducing insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário M Espírito-Santo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, CP 126, CEP 39401-089 Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
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Campbell Grant EH, Lowe WH, Fagan WF. Living in the branches: population dynamics and ecological processes in dendritic networks. Ecol Lett 2007; 10:165-75. [PMID: 17257104 DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.01007.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spatial structure regulates and modifies processes at several levels of ecological organization (e.g. individual/genetic, population and community) and is thus a key component of complex systems, where knowledge at a small scale can be insufficient for understanding system behaviour at a larger scale. Recent syntheses outline potential applications of network theory to ecological systems, but do not address the implications of physical structure for network dynamics. There is a specific need to examine how dendritic habitat structure, such as that found in stream, hedgerow and cave networks, influences ecological processes. Although dendritic networks are one type of ecological network, they are distinguished by two fundamental characteristics: (1) both the branches and the nodes serve as habitat, and (2) the specific spatial arrangement and hierarchical organization of these elements interacts with a species' movement behaviour to alter patterns of population distribution and abundance, and community interactions. Here, we summarize existing theory relating to ecological dynamics in dendritic networks, review empirical studies examining the population- and community-level consequences of these networks, and suggest future research integrating spatial pattern and processes in dendritic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan H Campbell Grant
- USGS--Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, 12100 Beech Forest Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
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Lill JT, Marquis RJ. 6 Microhabitat manipulation: Ecosystem engineering by shelter-building insects. THEORETICAL ECOLOGY SERIES 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-306x(07)80008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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ARAUJO ANAPAULAALBANO, DE PAULA JOANAD, CARNEIRO MARCOANTONIOALVES, SCHOEREDER JOSEHENRIQUE. Effects of host plant architecture on colonization by galling insects. AUSTRAL ECOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2006.01563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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CRUTSINGER GREGORYM, SANDERS NATHANJ. Aphid-tending Ants Affect Secondary Users in Leaf Shelters and Rates of Herbivory on Salix hookeriana in a Coastal Dune Habitat. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2005. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031(2005)154[0296:aaasui]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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