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Hsu C, Wen Y, Wang H, Hsieh C, Liao C, Lee L, Ng S, Lin C, Chen W, Lin J, Tsai Y, Lee S, Chien C, Hua C, Wang CP, Chen T, Terng S, Tsai C, Fan K, Yeh C, Lin C, Tsao C, Cheng N, Fang T, Huang S, Kang C, Lee L, Fang K, Wang Y, Lin W, Hsin L, Yen T, Liao C. Prognostic impact of bridge or neoadjuvant induction chemotherapy in patients with resected oral cavity cancer: A nationwide cohort study. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e70061. [PMID: 39101462 PMCID: PMC11299076 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While surgery remains the primary treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC), induction chemotherapy (IC) can be used as a bridging or neoadjuvant therapy. This nationwide study in Taiwan examines the survival outcomes of OCSCC patients who received IC before surgery. METHODS We analyzed data from 29,891 patients with OCSCC. Of these, 29,058 initially underwent surgery (OP group), whereas 833 received IC before surgery (IC + OP group). A propensity score (PS)-matched analysis (4, 1 ratio, 3260 vs. 815 patients) was performed considering tumor subsite, sex, age, Charlson comorbidity index, clinical T1-T4b tumors, clinical N0-3 disease, and clinical stage I-IV. RESULTS In the PS-matched cohort, the 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 65% and 57%, respectively. When comparing the OP and IC + OP groups, the 5-year DSS rates were 66% and 62%, respectively (p = 0.1162). Additionally, the 5-year OS rates were 57% and 56%, respectively (p = 0.9917). No significant intergroup differences in survival were observed for specific subgroups with cT4a tumors, cT4b tumors, cN3 disease, pT4b tumors, and pN3 disease. However, for patients with pT4a tumors, the OP group demonstrated superior 5-year outcomes compared to the IC + OP group, with a DSS of 62% versus 52% (p = 0.0006) and an OS of 53% versus 44% (p = 0.0060). Notably, patients with cT2-3, cN1, and c-Stage II disease in the IC + OP group were significantly more likely to achieve pT0-1 status (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Following PS matching, the IC + OP group generally exhibited similar prognosis to the OP group. However, for pT4a tumors, the OP group showed superior 5-year outcomes. While IC may not universally improve survival, it could be advantageous for patients who respond positively to the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Lung Hsu
- Department of Medical OncologyChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Wen Wen
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research CenterChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
- Division of Thoracic SurgeryChang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Hung‐Ming Wang
- Department of Medical OncologyChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Hsun Hsieh
- Department of Medical OncologyChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Chi‐Ting Liao
- Department of Medical OncologyChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Li‐Yu Lee
- Department of PathologyChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Shu‐Hang Ng
- Department of Diagnostic RadiologyChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Chien‐Yu Lin
- Department of Radiation OncologyChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Wen‐Cheng Chen
- Department of Radiation OncologyChang Gung Memorial HospitalChiayiTaiwan
| | - Jin‐Ching Lin
- Department of Radiation OncologyChanghua Christian HospitalChanghuaTaiwan
| | - Yao‐Te Tsai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryChang Gung Memorial HospitalChiayiTaiwan
| | - Shu‐Ru Lee
- Research Service Center for Health InformationChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Yen Chien
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung Medical CenterChang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Chun‐Hung Hua
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Cheng Ping Wang
- Department of OtolaryngologyNational Taiwan University Hospital and College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Tsung‐Ming Chen
- Department of OtolaryngologyShuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Shyuang‐Der Terng
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryKoo Foundation Sun Yat‐Sen Cancer CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chi‐Ying Tsai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryChang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Kang‐Hsing Fan
- Department of Radiation OncologyNew Taipei Municipal TuCheng HospitalNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Hua Yeh
- Department of Diagnostic RadiologyChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Hung Lin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Chung‐Kan Tsao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Nai‐Ming Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging CenterChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Tuan‐Jen Fang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Shiang‐Fu Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Chung‐Jan Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Li‐Ang Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Ku‐Hao Fang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Chien Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Wan‐Ni Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Li‐Jen Hsin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Tzu‐Chen Yen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging CenterChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Chun‐Ta Liao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
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Yeh TL, Hsu MS, Hsu HY, Tsai MC, Jhuang JR, Chiang CJ, Lee WC, Chien KL. Risk of cardiovascular diseases in cancer patients: A nationwide representative cohort study in Taiwan. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1198. [PMID: 36411401 PMCID: PMC9677651 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations with cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) had inconsistent results. The study aimed to investigate the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) between populations with and without cancer. METHODS Patients with common cancers in Taiwan were enrolled in the study between 2007 and 2018 using the Taiwan Cancer Registry. We focused on colorectal cancer, women's breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, oral cancer, prostate cancer, and thyroid cancers. The study endpoint was fatal and non-fatal CVD, which was defined as ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke according to the National Health Insurance Research Database. We compared the risk of CVD between patients with cancer and age- and sex-matched (1:1 ratio) participants who did not have cancer or CVD. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained from Cox regression analysis. To evaluate the chronological trend, we estimated the HRs and 95% CI yearly since the diagnosis. RESULTS Among the 552,485 cancer patients (mean age, 60.6 years; women, 47.7%) during the median follow-up period of 4.1 years, 32,634 cases of fatal and non-fatal CVD were identified. Compared with that noted in the non-cancer population, the overall fully adjusted HR with 95% CI was 1.28 (1.25, 1.30) in the cancer population. The CVD risk was the highest in the first year, the adjusted HR with 95% CI was 2.31 (2.23, 2.40), and this risk decreased yearly. CONCLUSIONS Patients with cancer had a significantly higher risk of fatal or non-fatal CVD. The risk was the highest in the first year since diagnosis and decreased yearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Lin Yeh
- grid.413593.90000 0004 0573 007XDepartment of Family Medicine, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Shu Hsu
- grid.413593.90000 0004 0573 007XDepartment of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yin Hsu
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.413593.90000 0004 0573 007XDepartment of Family Medicine, Taipei MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.452449.a0000 0004 1762 5613Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chieh Tsai
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.452449.a0000 0004 1762 5613Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan ,grid.413593.90000 0004 0573 007XDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui Branch, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Rong Jhuang
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan ,Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Chiang
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan ,Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Lee
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan ,Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Liong Chien
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Room 517, No.17, Xu-Zhou Rd, Taipei, Taiwan 10055
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Sri S, Ramani P, Premkumar P, Ramshankar V, Ramasubramanian A, Krishnan RP. Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 in Oral Malignant and Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis - A Comparative Study. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2021; 11:6-11. [PMID: 34522646 PMCID: PMC8407623 DOI: 10.4103/ams.ams_376_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) are now being increasingly associated as a cause of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of HPV in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) and OSCC using polymerase chain reaction that might help in better understanding of the role played by this virus in the oncogenic process even from its evolution stage. Materials and Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples (n = 40) of OSCC and mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia were used for this study. DNA was quantified and checked for purity spectrophotometrically. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software and statistical significance was assessed using Fischer's exact test (p < 0.05 was considered significant). Results: High-risk (HR)-HPV-16 was found to be positive in 35% of OSCC cases which showed a statistically significant association of HPV 16 with OSCC. Verrucous carcinoma had predominant HPV 16 infection (60%), followed by SCC with 40%. However, this association was not statistically significant. None of the OSCC samples were infected with HPV 18. Among the PMD, we found only 5% showing HR-HPV 16 infection which was not significant. Discussion: Although OSCC is attributed to tobacco and alcohol consumption, a significant proportion of OSCC cases have been demonstrated to contain HPV types. The high-risk HPV type 16 tends to be the most predominant type detected in cases of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya Sri
- Department of Oral Pathology, CSI Dental College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priya Premkumar
- Department of Oral Pathology, CSI Dental College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Ramshankar
- Department of Preventive Oncology (Molecular Research Division), Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ghosh S, Talukdar PD, Bhattacharjee A, Giri S, Bhattacharyya NP, Chatterji U. JunD accentuates arecoline-induced disruption of tight junctions and promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by association with NEAT1 lncRNA. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1520-1539. [PMID: 34316331 PMCID: PMC8310672 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are highly prevalent in south-east Asia, primarily due to betel nut chewing. Arecoline, the primary alkaloid is highly carcinogenic; however its role in promoting tumorigenesis by disrupting junctional complexes and increasing risk of metastasis is not well delineated. Subsequently, the effects of low and high concentrations of arecoline on the stability of tight junctions and EMT induction were studied. A microarray analysis confirmed involvement of a MAPK component, JunD, in regulating tight junction-associated genes, specifically ZO-1. Results established that although arecoline-induced phosphorylation of JunD downregulated expression of ZO-1, JunD itself was modulated by the lncRNA-NEAT1 in presence of arecoline. Increased NEAT1 in tissues of HNSCC patients significantly correlated with poor disease prognosis. Here we show that NEAT1-JunD complex interacted with ZO-1 promoter in the nuclear compartment, downregulated expression of ZO-1 and destabilized tight junction assembly. Consequently, silencing NEAT1 in arecoline-exposed cells not only downregulated the expression of JunD and stabilized expression of ZO-1, but also reduced expression of the EMT markers, Slug and Snail, indicating its direct regulatory role in arecoline-mediated TJ disruption and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Ghosh
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyanka Dey Talukdar
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Sarbani Giri
- Department of Life Sciences, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | | | - Urmi Chatterji
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India.,Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700098, West Bengal, India
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Exosome-derived microRNAs in oral squamous cell carcinomas impact disease prognosis. Oral Oncol 2021; 120:105402. [PMID: 34174519 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns have provided new insight as biomarkers of prognosis as well as novel therapeutic targets for several neoplasms. However, the role of exosomal miRNA in the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not yet been completely clarified. Paired primary tumor and normal oral epithelial cells from OSCC patients were obtained, and the exosomal miRNA profiles between them were compared by miRNA microarray analysis. The miRNA levels in the serum exosomes of OSCC patients were verified by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Finally, the biological functions and the potential as a prognostic marker of the selected miRNA candidates were analyzed in the OSCC cells and patients, respectively. RESULTS Exosomal miR-155 and miR-21 were significantly upregulated, and exosomal miR-126 was dramatically downregulated in the primary OSCC cells and the serum of OSCC patients. In the analysis of oncogenic behaviors, coculture with either miR-155-rich or miR-21-rich exosomes could promote cell proliferation and invasion accompanied with downregulation of PTEN and Bcl-6 tumor suppressors. Moreover, treatment with miR-126-rich exosomes inhibited oncogenic behaviors and oncogene EGFL7 expression in OSCC cells. Finally, exosomal miR-126 was reduced in the serum of the late-staged OSCC patients, and downregulation of blood exosomal miR-126 was associated with poor survival in OSCC patients. CONCLUSION Exosomal miR-155 and miR-21 are oncogenic miRNAs which suppress PTEN and Bcl-6 expression, and exosomal miR-126 acts as a tumor suppressor which downregulates EGFL7 in OSCC. Furthermore, blood exosomal miRNAs may serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of OSCC.
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de Lima MAP, Cavalcante RB, da Silva CGL, Nogueira RLM, Macedo GEC, de Galiza LE, Pinheiro JV, Maia Filho PHB, Santos SF, Rabenhorst SHB. Evaluation of HPV and EBV in OSCC and the expression of p53, p16, E-cadherin, COX-2, MYC, and MLH1. Oral Dis 2021; 28:1104-1122. [PMID: 33660890 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the expression of p53, p16, E-cadherin, COX-2, MLH1, and MYC in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred OSCC specimens were submitted to in situ hybridization for HPV and EBV, and immunohistochemistry for detection of the human proteins. RESULTS Thirty-one cases showed HPV in tumor tissue. EBV was not detected in any case investigated. The HPV(+) group demonstrated an increase of staining scores for nuclear p16 (p = .047), cytoplasmic MYC (p = .002), while a decrease for nuclear MLH1 (p = .048), suggesting that HPV may upregulate the expression of the first two proteins and down-regulate the latter. CONCLUSION Our findings reinforce the hypothesis of the HPV-related oral carcinogenesis involving the expression of p16 and MYC, and MLH1 suppression. Exclusively cytoplasmic stainings for p16, MLH1, and MYC were also associated with more advanced tumors. Finally, in view of the lack of studies correlating the HPV or EBV infection to the expression of oncoproteins, more researches assessing a broader panel of markers and employing different approaches are still necessary in order to understand the role of these viruses as well as the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of oral carcinomas.
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Rishabh K, Khadilkar S, Kumar A, Kalra I, Kumar AP, Kunnumakkara AB. MicroRNAs as Modulators of Oral Tumorigenesis-A Focused Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052561. [PMID: 33806361 PMCID: PMC7961687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancers constitute the majority of head and neck tumors, with a relatively high incidence and poor survival rate in developing countries. While the five-year survival rates of the oral cancer patients have increased to 65%, the overall survival for advanced stages has been at 27% for the past ten years, emphasizing the necessity for further understanding the etiology of the disease, diagnosis, and formulating possible novel treatment regimens. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a family of small non-coding RNA, have emerged as master modulators of gene expression in various cellular and biological process. Aberrant expression of these dynamic molecules has been associated with many human diseases, including oral cancers. The deregulated miRNAs have been shown to control various oncogenic processes, including sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death activating invasion and metastasis, and inducing angiogenesis. Hence, the aberrant expression of miRNAs associated with oral cancers, makes them potential candidates for the investigation of functional markers, which will aid in the differential diagnosis, prognosis, and development of novel therapeutic regimens. This review presents a holistic insight into our understanding of the role of miRNAs in regulating various hallmarks of oral tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Rishabh
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (K.R.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Soham Khadilkar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (K.R.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (K.R.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Ishu Kalra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (K.R.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Correspondence: authors: (A.P.K.); (A.B.K.)
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (K.R.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (I.K.)
- Correspondence: authors: (A.P.K.); (A.B.K.)
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Pu Y, Hu S, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Xia C, Deng H, Wang Y, Hu Q. Thymoquinone loaded calcium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol carrier inhibits the 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced hamster oral cancer via the down-regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:339-351. [PMID: 33068063 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a multifactorial cancer that affects millions of peoples worldwide. The current exploration aimed to evaluate the mechanisms that thymoquinone nanoencapsulated carrier and its effects on 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) stimulated hamster buccal pouch cancer in Syrian hamster model. Nanocarrier was characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR analysis. The incidence of tumor, and biochemicals makers was studied through standard methods. The mRNA expression level of inflammatory markers NF-κBp50, NF-κBp65, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR markers in the buccal tissues of control and experimental animals were investigated through RT-PCR analysis. In thymoquinone (TQ) loaded calcium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol carrier (TQ/Ca-alg-PVA) no squamous cell carcinogenesis developed and others moderate dysplasia revealed differentiated form of hyperplasia and keratosis. In biochemical analyses with DMBA + TQ/Ca-alg-PVA (20 mg/kg bw) orally administered hamsters showed restored the antioxidants, detoxification, xenobiotic metabolising enzymes in DMBA induced plasma and oral tissues of hamsters. Further, mRNA expression level of NF-κBp50/p65 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR were upregulated in the DMBA alone painted hamster. In contrast, these expressions were down regulated in orally TQ/Ca-alg-PVA treated experimental animals. This ability more eligible to deregulate the inflammatory and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway that proved it suppresses anti-invasion/metastasis activity during hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. From this study, we recommended that TQ/Ca-alg-PVA has documented as effective chemopreventive agents, in further many molecular machineries need to study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Pu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatology Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Stomatology Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongfeng Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatology Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengwan Xia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatology Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Deng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatology Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatology Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingang Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatology Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Bobdey S, Sathwara J, Jain A, Saoba S, Balasubramaniam G. Squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa: An analysis of prognostic factors. South Asian J Cancer 2020; 7:49-54. [PMID: 29600236 PMCID: PMC5865098 DOI: 10.4103/sajc.sajc_317_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Carcinoma of the buccal mucosa is the most common oral cavity cancer in the Indian subcontinent. The aim of this study was to analyze the outcome and evaluate prognostic factors in surgically treated buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (BMSCC) patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed by reviewing the medical records of 409 pathologically proven buccal mucosa cancer patients, who were diagnosed and surgically treated in Tata Memorial Hospital between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2008. Results: The overall 5-year survival of the cohort was found to be 54.1%. The stage-wise survival rate for tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) Stage I, II, III, and IV patients was found to be 85.2%, 82.9%, 56.3%, and 42.6% (P < 0.00), respectively. On multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis, the presence of comorbidity, histological tumor size, pathological lymph node status, tumor differentiation, perineural invasion, and extracapsular spread were found to be independently associated with overall survival. Conclusion: BMSCC is an aggressive malignant tumor. In addition to TNM classification, other clinical and pathological factors also have a significant role in BMSCC prognostication. Hence, there is a need to move beyond TNM and develop a more inclusive, flexible, and easy to use prognostic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Bobdey
- Department of Medical Records, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jignasa Sathwara
- Department of Medical Records, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aanchal Jain
- Department of Medical Records, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sushma Saoba
- Department of Medical Records, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ganesh Balasubramaniam
- Department of Medical Records, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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10
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Rajesh D, Balakrishna S, Azeem Mohiyuddin SM, Suresh TN, Moideen Kutty AV. GSTP1 c.341C>T gene polymorphism increases the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 831:45-49. [PMID: 29875076 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S Transferases (GST) are anti-oxidant enzymes involved in detoxification of cellular and exogenous carcinogens and oxidative products of reactive oxygen species. Genetic polymorphisms can attenuate the detoxification capacity of GST and consequently increase the susceptibility to carcinogenesis. There are eight classes of GST enzymes of which pi subtype is the predominant form expressed in the oral mucosa. c.341C > T single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1138272) in GSTP1 gene, is a functional variation that reduces the enzymatic activity of GST pi. We carried out a 1:2 case-control study involving 270 individuals to determine the association of c.341C > T variation with the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma. GSTP1 c.341C > T variation was genotyped by PCR-RFLP method. GST pi expression in the tumour sample was determined by immunohistochemistry. Tobacco consumption was the major risk factor among cancer patients. The odds ratio for the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma in individuals with the minor allele was 4.5 (0.95 CI = 2.3-8.9; P = 0.000004). The genotype was found to follow dominant mode of inheritance (OR 4.4 [0.95 CI = 2.1-9.2]; P = 0.00006). Our results support the conclusion that c.341C > T variation in GSTP1 increases the risk of OSCC in patients habituated to tobacco consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Rajesh
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, India
| | - Sharath Balakrishna
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, India
| | - S M Azeem Mohiyuddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar, India
| | - T N Suresh
- Department of Pathology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar, India
| | - A V Moideen Kutty
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, India.
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11
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Hung YW, Tsai CW, Wu CN, Shih LC, Chen YY, Liu YF, Hung HS, Shen MY, Chang WS, Bau DAT. The Contribution of Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Promoter Polymorphism to Oral Cancer Susceptibility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:585-590. [PMID: 28652424 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of multifunctional proteins reported to be overexpressed in several types of cancers. However, the contribution of MMP8 genotype to oral cancer has not been elucidated. In this study, we focused on the contribution of polymorphisms in the promoter region of MMP-8 (C-799T) and two non-synonymous polymorphisms (Val436Ala and Lys460Thr) to Taiwanese oral cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control study, MMP-8 genotype, was examined among 788 patients with oral cancer and 956 gender- and age-matched healthy controls regarding its potential to determine oral cancer risk. RESULTS The distributions of MMP-8 C-799T, Val436Ala and Lys460Thr genotypes were not different between the oral cancer and non-cancer control groups. We also analyzed the allelic frequency distributions and no significant difference was found. As for gene-environment interaction analysis, there was an increased risk for smokers, alcohol drinkers or betel quid chewers with variant MMP-8 C-799T or Val436Ala genotypes. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the polymorphisms at MMP-8 C-799T or Val436Ala may not play a major role in mediating personal risk of oral cancer; however, the detailed mechanisms require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Hung
- Department of Medicine Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Liang-Chun Shih
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Otolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-Yu Chen
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-Fang Liu
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Huey-Shan Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Yi Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Shin Chang
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - DA-Tian Bau
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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12
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Wu CS, Chang KP, OuYang CN, Kao HK, Hsueh C, Chen LC, Cheng HY, Liang Y, Liou W, Liang CL, Chang YS. ASC contributes to metastasis of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50074-50085. [PMID: 27367024 PMCID: PMC5226569 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ASC (Apoptosis-associated Speck-like protein containing a CARD) acts as a platform protein in the inflammasome cascade of some cancer types. However, its potential involvement in OSCC (oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma) has not yet been determined. Here, we investigated the potential role of ASC in OSCC. RT-qPCR analysis of 20 paired tumor and adjacent normal tissue samples revealed that the mRNA levels of ASC, along with IL-1β, CASP1, and NLRP3 in ASC-associated NLRP3 inflammasome were significantly elevated in OSCC tissues. Immunohistochemical staining of these four proteins in 111 clinical specimens revealed that high-level expression of ASC was significantly associated with tumor stage, node stage (p=0.001), overall stage (p<0.001), extracapsular spread (p<0.001), perineural invasion (p=0.004) and tumor depth (p<0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis further revealed that high-level ASC expression was correlated with poorer overall survival (p=0.001), disease-specific survival (p<0.001) and disease-free survival (p<0.001). Studies using OSCC cell lines indicated that high-level ASC expression enhanced cell migration and invasion, and experiments using an orthotropic nude mouse model confirmed that ASC overexpression induced metastasis of OSCC cells. This is the first report to show that ASC contributes to OSCC metastasis, and that high-level ASC expression is a marker for poor prognosis in OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Sheng Wu
- Chang Gung Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Chang Gung Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan OuYang
- Chang Gung Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Kai Kao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen Hsueh
- Chang Gung Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Chyang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Cheng
- Chang Gung Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying Liang
- Chang Gung Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Willisa Liou
- Department of Anatomy, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lung Liang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Chang Gung Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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13
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Tastekin E, Caloglu VY, Durankus NK, Sut N, Turkkan G, Can N, Puyan FO, Caloglu M. Survivin expression, HPV positivity and microvessel density in oropharyngeal carcinomas and relationship with survival time. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:1467-1473. [PMID: 29181079 PMCID: PMC5701673 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.56616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among head and neck cancers, those of the oral cavity and oropharynx are the second most prevalent following the larynx. This study aimed to research immunohistochemical expression of survivin, HPV positivity and microvessel density in tumors and their relationships with prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pathological materials and demographic properties of 46 patients were retrospectively evaluated. Survivin, HPV and CD34 (for microvessel density evaluation) antibodies were applied tumoral tissues. Survival times, clinical stage and differentiation were evaluated. RESULTS In univariate analysis, we observed that survivin, microvessel density and stage were significantly associated with survival time (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, only survivin and microvessel density were associated with survival time (p < 0.05). But we did not find significant correlation between neither tumor differentiation nor HPV positivity and survival (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Survivin levels and microvessel density were found to be effective prognostic factors and were related to survival in oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. Treatments targeting survivin expression and angiogenesis might be employed against these tumor groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Tastekin
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Vuslat Yurut Caloglu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Kilic Durankus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Necdet Sut
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Gorkem Turkkan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Nuray Can
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Fulya Oz Puyan
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Murat Caloglu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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14
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Thang PM, Takano A, Yoshitake Y, Shinohara M, Murakami Y, Daigo Y. Cell division cycle associated 1 as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for oral cancer. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1385-93. [PMID: 27499128 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity carcinoma (OCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide and has poor clinical outcome after standard therapies. Therefore, new prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for OCC are urgently needed. We selected cell division cycle associated 1 (CDCA1) as a candidate OCC biomarker. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that CDCA1 protein was expressed in 67 of 99 OCC tissues (67.7%), but not in healthy oral epithelia. CDCA1 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis in OCC patients (P=0.0244). Knockdown of CDCA1 by siRNAs significantly increased apoptosis of tumor cells. These data suggest that CDCA1 represents a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for OCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phung Manh Thang
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takano
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoshitake
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masanori Shinohara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yataro Daigo
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Shaikh MH, McMillan NAJ, Johnson NW. HPV-associated head and neck cancers in the Asia Pacific: A critical literature review & meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 39:923-38. [PMID: 26523982 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignancies of the upper aero-digestive tract are a major public health problem, especially in the Asia Pacific. Certain Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are well-established risk factors for carcinoma of the uterine cervix and for a subset of head and neck carcinomata: however their true importance in different populations and anatomical subsites remains unclear. The major risk factors in Asia Pacific remain smoked/smokeless tobacco, areca nut, alcohol abuse and poor diet, with limited evidence for HPVs. We review published studies of association of HPV with anatomical site-specific Head & Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) in these populations and attempt a meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS From MEDLINE/PubMed/WEB-of SCIENCE/EMBASE/Scopus databases we found 67 relevant studies with a total of 7280 cases: 15 case-control studies met our inclusion criteria for meta-analysis, totaling 1106 cases & 638 controls. HPV detection rates, sample site and size, and methods of tissue preservation and HPV detection were tabulated for each study. RESULTS Studies were heterogeneous in terms of sample selection and method of detection of HPVs. Most were of limited quality. Averaging data from 67 studies of HNSCC, the prevalence of HPV of any subtype is approximately 36%. PCR (polymerase chain reaction) was the most used detection method and HPV16 the most common genotype reported. Meta-analyses of case-control studies from this region reveal significant heterogeneity but suggest higher HPV prevalence in oropharyngeal cancer (OR: 14.66; 95%CI: 6.09-35.26) compared to oral cavity cancer and laryngeal cancer; (OR: 4.06; 95%CI: 3.05-5.39 & OR: 3.23; 95%CI: 1.37-7.61) respectively. CONCLUSION In view of the significant association of HPV with HNSCC, studies with accurate subsite classification and more sensitive detection methods are necessary. Accurate data from this geographical region are essential to inform public health policies and treatment decisions, especially as studies from Europe and North America reveal HPV-driven cancers to be less aggressive, permitting treatment de-intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushfiq Hassan Shaikh
- School of Dentistry & Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia; School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia; Cancer Research Centre, Molecular Basis of Disease program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Nigel A J McMillan
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia; Cancer Research Centre, Molecular Basis of Disease program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Newell W Johnson
- Cancer Research Centre, Molecular Basis of Disease program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; Population & Social Health Research program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.
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16
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Su CW, Huang YW, Chen MK, Su SC, Yang SF, Lin CW. Polymorphisms and Plasma Levels of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3: Impact on Genetic Susceptibility and Clinical Outcome of Oral Cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e2092. [PMID: 26579821 PMCID: PMC4652830 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer, the fourth most common cancer among men in Taiwan, is associated with environmental carcinogens. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3), a member of the TIMP family, is the only protein that binds to the extracellular matrix for suppressing cancer cell growth, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion. The association of TIMP3 polymorphism with oral cancer susceptibility, however, has not yet been reported. In this study, 1947 participants-1200 healthy male controls and 747 male patients with oral cancer-were recruited. Allelic discrimination of TIMP3 -1296 T > C (rs9619311), TIMP3 C > T (rs9862), and TIMP3 C > T (rs11547635) polymorphisms were assessed through real-time polymerase chain reaction. The authors discovered that individuals carrying the polymorphic rs9862 allele are more susceptible to oral cancer [odds ratio (OR), 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2-1.9; adjusted OR (AOR), 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.1] after adjustment for betel quid chewing, alcohol, and tobacco consumption. Among 601 betel quid chewers, the TIMP3 polymorphism rs9862 T/T carriers had a 32.2-fold (95% CI, 20.2-51.3) increased oral cancer risk compared with those carrying C/C and not chewing betel quid. In addition, the authors observed a significant association between rs9862 variants and large tumors (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0-2.3) development. Moreover, TIMP3 plasma levels significantly increased in oral cancer patients who have large tumor or carry T allele rs9862 polymorphism. In conclusion, these results suggest that gene-environment interactions between the TIMP3 rs9862 polymorphisms and betel quid may alter oral cancer susceptibility and tumor growth in Taiwanese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wen Su
- From the Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung (C-WS, Y-WH, M-KC, S-FY); Department of Health, Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Chang Hua Hospital (Y-WH); Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua (M-KC); Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan (S-CS), Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital (S-FY), Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital (C-WL), and Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (C-WL)
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Dhanapal R, Ranganathan K, Kondaiah P, Devi RU, Joshua E, Saraswathi TR. High-risk human papilloma virus in archival tissues of oral pathosis and normal oral mucosa. Contemp Clin Dent 2015; 6:148-52. [PMID: 26097346 PMCID: PMC4456733 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.156033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Oral cancer ranks third among all cancers in the Indian population. Human papilloma virus (HPV) plays a significant role in oral carcinogenesis. Population-based subtype variations are present in the HPV prevalence. This study gives an emphasis on the parameters to be considered in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based research work. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study on archival paraffin-embedded tissue samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), epithelial dysplasia, and normal oral mucosa surrounding impacted tooth was amplified by PCR for the E6 gene of HPV type 16 and E1 gene of HPV type 18. Results: HPV 18 was positive in three OSCC cases. There was no statistically significant association of the positivity of HPV with the age, gender or habit. The HPV positive patients had a tobacco habit and were of a younger age group. Conclusion: The presence of HPV in carcinomatous tissue highlights the possible role of HPV in carcinogenesis and archival paraffin embedded tissue specimen can be used for this analysis. Recent studies on genomic analyses have highlighted that the HPV positive tumors are a separate subgroup based on genomic sequencing. The results of a larger retrospective study will help further in our understanding of the role of HPV in carcinogenesis, this study could form the baseline for such follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Dhanapal
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, I.T.S Center for Research and Dental Studies, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Ranganathan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ragas Dental College, Chennai, India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular, Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - R Uma Devi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ragas Dental College, Chennai, India
| | - Elizabeth Joshua
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ragas Dental College, Chennai, India
| | - T R Saraswathi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India
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18
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Patidar KA, Parwani R, Wanjari SP, Patidar AP. Various terminologies associated with areca nut and tobacco chewing: A review. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2015; 19:69-76. [PMID: 26097311 PMCID: PMC4451672 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.157205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, arecanut and tobacco are among the most common addictions. Tobacco and arecanut alone or in combination are practiced in different regions in various forms. Subsequently, oral mucosal lesions also show marked variations in their clinical as well as histopathological appearance. However, it has been found that there is no uniformity and awareness while reporting these habits. Various terminologies used by investigators like ‘betel chewing’,‘betel quid chewing’,‘betel nut chewing’,‘betel nut habit’,‘tobacco chewing’and ‘paan chewing’ clearly indicate that there is lack of knowledge and lots of confusion about the exact terminology and content of the habit. If the health promotion initiatives are to be considered, a thorough knowledge of composition and way of practicing the habit is essential. In this article we reviewed composition and various terminologies associated with areca nut and tobacco habits in an effort to clearly delineate various habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana A Patidar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Modern Dental College and Research Center, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajkumar Parwani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Modern Dental College and Research Center, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sangeeta P Wanjari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Modern Dental College and Research Center, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Atul P Patidar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Modern Dental College and Research Center, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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19
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Krishna Rao SV, Mejia G, Roberts-Thomson K, Logan R. Epidemiology of oral cancer in Asia in the past decade--an update (2000-2012). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 14:5567-77. [PMID: 24289546 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.10.5567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of oral cancers (OC) is high in Asian countries, especially in South and Southeast Asia. Asian distinct cultural practices such as betel-quid chewing, and varying patterns of tobacco and alcohol use are important risk factors that predispose to cancer of the oral cavity. The aim of this review is to provide an update on epidemiology of OC between 2000 and 2012. A literature search for this review was conducted on Medline for articles on OC from Asian countries. Some of the articles were also hand searched using Google. High incidence rates were reported from developing nations like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Taiwan and Sri Lanka. While an increasing trend has been observed in Pakistan, Taiwan and Thailand, a decreasing trend is seen in Philippines and Sri Lanka. The mean age of occurrence of cancer in different parts of oral cavity is usually between 51-55 years in most countries. The tongue is the leading site among oral cancers in India. The next most common sites in Asian countries include the buccal mucosa and gingiva. The 5 year survival rate has been low for OC, despite improvements in diagnosis and treatment. Tobacco chewing, smoking and alcohol are the main reasons for the increasing incidence rates. Low socioeconomic status and diet low in nutritional value lacking vegetables and fruits contribute towards the risk. In addition, viral infections, such as HPV and poor oral hygiene, are other important risk factors. Hence, it is important to control OC by screening for early diagnosis and controlling tobacco and alcohol use. It is also necessary to have cancer surveillance at the national-level to collect and utilise data for cancer prevention and control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Vidya Krishna Rao
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia E-mail :
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Gupta B, Johnson NW. Systematic review and meta-analysis of association of smokeless tobacco and of betel quid without tobacco with incidence of oral cancer in South Asia and the Pacific. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113385. [PMID: 25411778 PMCID: PMC4239077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to critically appraised data from comparable studies leading to quantitative assessment of any independent association between use of oral smokeless tobacco in any form, of betel quid without tobacco and of areca nut with incidence of oral cancer in South Asia and the Pacific. Methods Studies (case control and/or cohort) were identified by searching Pub Med, CINAHL and Cochrane databases through June 2013 using the keywords oral cancer: chewing tobacco; smokeless tobacco; betel quid; betel quid without tobacco; areca nut; Asia, the Pacific and the reference lists of retrieved articles. A random effects model was used to compute adjusted summary ORRE for the main effect of these habits along with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. To quantify the impact of between-study heterogeneity on adjusted main-effect summary ORRE, Higgins' H and I2 statistics along with their 95% uncertainty intervals were used. Funnel plots and Egger's test were used to evaluate publication bias. Results Meta-analysis of fifteen case–control studies (4,553 cases; 8,632 controls) and four cohort studies (15,342) which met our inclusion criteria showed that chewing tobacco is significantly and independently associated with an increased risk of squamous-cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (adjusted main-effect summary for case- control studies ORRE = 7.46; 95% CI = 5.86–9.50, P<0.001), (adjusted main-effect summary for cohort studies RR = 5.48; 95% CI = 2.56–11.71, P<0.001). Furthermore, meta-analysis of fifteen case control studies (4,648 cases; 7,847 controls) has shown betel quid without tobacco to have an independent positive association with oral cancer, with OR = 2.82 (95% CI = 2.35–3.40, P<0.001). This is presumably due to the carcinogenicity of areca nut. There was no significant publication bias. Conclusion There is convincing evidence that smokeless (aka chewing) tobacco, often used as a component of betel quid, and betel quid without tobacco, are both strong and independent risk factors for oral cancer in these populations. However, studies with better separation of the types of tobacco and the ways in which it is used, and studies with sufficient power to quantify dose-response relationships are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Gupta
- Population and Social Health Research Programme, Griffith Health Institute, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Newell W. Johnson
- Population and Social Health Research Programme, Cancer Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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Acharya S, Ekalaksananan T, Vatanasapt P, Loyha K, Phusingha P, Promthet S, Kongyingyoes B, Pientong C. Association of Epstein-Barr virus infection with oral squamous cell carcinoma in a case-control study. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:252-7. [PMID: 25169715 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides the well-known risk factors, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) might play a significant role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). To explore the role of EBV in OSCC, the prevalence of EBV infection in oral exfoliated cells of OSCC cases and controls in northeastern Thailand was investigated, and the association of EBV in tumor lesion cells was further confirmed. METHODS Oral exfoliated cells were collected from OSCC cases and non-cancer controls. Cells from tumor lesions were taken from OSCC patients for further strong confirmation of the association of EBV with OSCC. EBV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers specific for EBV DNA polymerase. The EBV DNA positive samples were confirmed further by nested PCR. RESULTS Epstein-Barr virus was detected in the oral exfoliated cells of 45.05% of OSCC patients and 18.08% of the non-cancer control (P < 0.001). Similarly, EBV was detected in 32.5% of the tumor lesions. Betel quid chewing was statistically significantly associated with EBV prevalence (OR = 2.08), whereas no association with tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. Alcohol consumption and betel quid chewing were significantly associated with OSCC (OR = 3.05 and OR = 5.05, respectively), but tobacco smoking was not associated. Interestingly, EBV was significantly associated with OSCC (OR = 3.76). CONCLUSIONS Epstein-Barr virus prevalence is associated with OSCC and seems to be enhanced by betel quid chewing, suggesting that EBV may, together with betel quid chewing, act as an important etiological risk factor of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulav Acharya
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
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Guha N, Warnakulasuriya S, Vlaanderen J, Straif K. Betel quid chewing and the risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: A meta-analysis with implications for cancer control. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:1433-43. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neela Guha
- International Agency for Research on Cancer; Lyon France
| | - Saman Warnakulasuriya
- Division of Oral Medicine; Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences; King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's, King's & St. Thomas' Hospitals; London United Kingdom
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer/Precancer; London United Kingdom
| | | | - Kurt Straif
- International Agency for Research on Cancer; Lyon France
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Gupta K, Metgud R. Evidences suggesting involvement of viruses in oral squamous cell carcinoma. PATHOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:642496. [PMID: 24455418 PMCID: PMC3880768 DOI: 10.1155/2013/642496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers and it constitutes a major health problem particularly in developing countries. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents the most frequent of all oral neoplasms. Several risk factors have been well characterized to be associated with OSCC with substantial evidences. The etiology of OSCC is complex and involves many factors. The most clearly defined potential factors are smoking and alcohol, which substantially increase the risk of OSCC. However, despite this clear association, a substantial proportion of patients develop OSCC without exposure to them, emphasizing the role of other risk factors such as genetic susceptibility and oncogenic viruses. Some viruses are strongly associated with OSCC while the association of others is less frequent and may depend on cofactors for their carcinogenic effects. Therefore, the exact role of viruses must be evaluated with care in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of OSCC. Although a viral association within a subset of OSCC has been shown, the molecular and histopathological characteristics of these tumors have yet to be clearly defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanupriya Gupta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India
| | - Rashmi Metgud
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India
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Petti S, Masood M, Scully C. The magnitude of tobacco smoking-betel quid chewing-alcohol drinking interaction effect on oral cancer in South-East Asia. A meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78999. [PMID: 24260143 PMCID: PMC3832519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking, betel quid chewing and alcohol drinking are oral cancer risk factors. Observational studies unanimously report that oral cancer risk in smoking-drinking-chewing exposed subjects is exceptionally high. However, none of them assessed the fractions of this risk attributable to the three individual risk factors and to the smoking-drinking-chewing interaction. The present study sought to assess the magnitude of the smoking-drinking-chewing interaction effect on oral cancer. A meta-analysis of observational South-East Asian studies which reported oral cancer odds ratios (ORs) stratified for smoking-drinking-chewing exposures was performed. The pooled ORs were estimated and controlled for quality, heterogeneity, publication bias and inclusion criteria. The smoking-drinking-chewing interaction effect was estimated through the pooled Relative Excess Risk due to Interaction (RERI, excess risk in smoking-drinking-chewing exposed individuals with respect to the risk expected from the addition of the three individual risks of smoking, drinking and chewing). Fourteen studies were included with low between-study heterogeneity. The pooled ORs for smoking, drinking, chewing, smoking-drinking-chewing, respectively were 3.6 (95% confidence interval −95% CI, 1.9–7.0), 2.2 (95% CI, 1.6–3.0), 7.9 (95% CI, 6.7–9.3), 40.1 (95% CI, 35.1–45.8). The pooled RERI was 28.4 (95% CI, 22.9–33.7). Among smoking-drinking-chewing subjects, the individual effects accounted for 6.7% (smoking), 3.1% (drinking), 17.7% (chewing) of the risk, while the interaction effect accounted for the remaining 72.6%. These data suggest that 44,200 oral cancer cases in South-East Asia annually occur among smoking-drinking-chewing exposed subjects and 40,400 of these are exclusively associated with the interaction effect. Effective oral cancer control policies must consider concurrent tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, betel quid chewing usages as a unique unhealthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Petti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Mohd Masood
- Centre of Studies for Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Shah Alam, Malaysia
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Saito N, Sairenchi T, Irie F, Iso H, Iimura K, Watanabe H, Muto T, Ota H. Duration of cigarette smoking is a risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer mortality among Japanese men and women: the Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study (IPHS). Ann Epidemiol 2013; 23:546-50. [PMID: 23849370 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationship between duration of cigarette smoking and the risk of oropharyngeal cancer has not been studied in the general Japanese population. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between the duration of cigarette smoking and the risk of oropharyngeal cancer mortality in the Japanese population. METHODS In this large cohort study, 32,989 men and 63,894 women, ages 40-79 years, who completed health check-ups in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, in 1993 were followed through 2008. Oropharyngeal cancer mortality was identified by death certificates. Smoking habits were divided into five categories, and years of cigarette smoking and pack-year classifications were divided into four categories. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for oropharyngeal cancer mortality were calculated by use of the Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS During the follow-up period, deaths from oropharyngeal cancer occurred in 38 of 32,989 men and 31 of 63,894 women. The multivariate hazard ratios for oropharyngeal cancer mortality were significantly greater for those subjects currently smoking for 40 years or longer (hazard ratio: 4.22, 95% confidence interval: 1.23-14.51), and they were greater with longer years of cigarette smoking among men (P for trend = .027). CONCLUSIONS Smoking duration can be a risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer mortality in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobue Saito
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.
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Yu-Duan T, Chao-Ping W, Chih-Yu C, Li-Wen L, Tsun-Mei L, Chia-Chang H, Fu-Mei C, Hsien-Chang L, Hsia-Fen H, Yau-Jiunn L, Jer-Yiing H. Elevated plasma level of visfatin/pre-b cell colony-enhancing factor in male oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2013; 18:e180-6. [PMID: 23229270 PMCID: PMC3613867 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.18574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Visfatin, also known as nicotiamide phosphoribosyltransferase or pre-B cell colony enhancing factor, is a pro-inflammatory cytokine whose serum level is increased in various cancers. In this study, we investigated whether plasma visfatin levels were altered in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The relationship between plasma visfatin levels and the pretreatment hematologic profile was also explored.
Study Design: Plasma visfatin concentrations were measured through ELISA in OSCC patients and control subjects. A total of 51 patients with OSCC and 57 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched control subjects were studied. All study subjects were male.
Results: Plasma visfatin was found to be elevated in patients with OSCC (7.0 ± 4.5 vs. 4.8 ± 1.9 ng/ml, p = 0.002). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed visfatin as an independent association factor for OSCC, even after full adjustment of known biomarkers. Visfatin level was significantly correlated with white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil count, and hematocrit (all p < 0.05). In addition, WBC count, neutrophil count, and visfatin gradually increased with stage progression, and hematocrit gradually decreased with stage progression (all p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Increased plasma visfatin levels were associated with OSCC, independent of risk factors, and were correlated with inflammatory biomarkers. These data suggest that visfatin may act through inflammatory reactions to play an important role in the pathogenesis of OSCC.
Key words:Visfatin; oral squamous cell carcinomas; white blood cell count; neutrophil count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai Yu-Duan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Surgery, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
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Radespiel-Tröger M, Meyer M, Fenner M. Geographic differences and time trends of intraoral cancer incidence and mortality in Bavaria, Germany. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2012; 40:e285-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Chuang CY, Sung WW, Wang L, Lin WL, Yeh KT, Su MC, Hsin CH, Lee SY, Wu BC, Cheng YW, Lee H. Differential impact of IL-10 expression on survival and relapse between HPV16-positive and -negative oral squamous cell carcinomas. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47541. [PMID: 23118878 PMCID: PMC3485273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a risk factor in a subset of oropharyngeal cancer; however, the contribution of HPV in the malignancy of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) is not fully understood in Taiwanese. Herein, 61 patients with no risk factors and 117 patients with one or more risk factors were enrolled in this study. HPV16/18 infection rate in non-smokers, non-drinkers and non-betel quid chewers was higher than their counterparts. The development of HPV-infected cancer has been shown to be associated with interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression. To this end, IL-10 mRNA expression in OSCC tumors was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. Data showed that HPV-positive patients had higher IL-10 mRNA levels than in HPV-negative patients. Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression analysis indicated that the prognostic significance of IL-10 mRNA on overall survival and relapse free survival was only observed in HPV-positive OSCC, but not in HPV-negative OSCC. Mechanistically, the elevation of IL-10 by E6 was responsible for increased colony formation and migration capability in OSCC cells. Therefore, we suggest that IL-10 induced by E6 promotes cell growth and migration capability and consequent poor survival and relapse in HPV-positive OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Chuang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wei Sung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Toxicology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Lee Wang
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wea-Long Lin
- Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kun-Tu Yeh
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mao-Chang Su
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Han Hsin
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shiann-Yann Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Buor-Chang Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Huei Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Toxicology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Santos CFD, Sakai VT, Machado MADAM, Schippers DN, Greene AS. Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction: principles and applications in dentistry. J Appl Oral Sci 2012; 12:1-11. [PMID: 21365144 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572004000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Various molecular biology techniques have become available in the last few years. One of the most revolutionary of these techniques regarding nucleic acid analysis is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which was first described in 1985. This method relies on the exponential amplification of specific DNA fragments, resulting in millions of copies that can serve as templates for different kinds of analyses. PCR can be preceded by a reverse transcription (RT) reaction in order to produce cDNA from RNA (RT-PCR). RT-PCR provides the possibility to assess gene transcription in cells or tissues. PCR and RT-PCR techniques have been instrumental in dental research, and show potential to be used for diagnosis as well as for treatment and prevention of many diseases (dental caries, periodontal disease, endodontic infections and oral cancer). Compared to other traditional methodologies, PCR and RT-PCR show many advantages including high specificity, sensitivity, and speed. Since PCR and RT-PCR are relatively new techniques and are not available to most students and professionals involved with dentistry, the aim of this work is to present the details of these techniques as well as dental literature reports in which they were used.
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Shah G, Chaturvedi P, Vaishampayan S. Arecanut as an emerging etiology of oral cancers in India. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2012; 33:71-9. [PMID: 22988348 PMCID: PMC3439794 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5851.99726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arecanut (AN) usage is widespread in Asian countries, especially India and Taiwan. The incidence of oral cancer is increasing day by day, but there is no exponential increase with tobacco usage. Especially in the country like Taiwan where betel quid mostly do not contain tobacco, AN can be correlated with the increased incidence of cancer. There are different studies in the literature about AN and oral cancer but none of them have concluded with the definite pathway for carcinogenesis. The present paper includes reviews of the literature for AN and oral cancer and summarizes the possible mechanisms associated with AN-induced carcinogenesis; and we have also tried to propose pathway of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Shah
- Consultant Maxillofacial Surgeon, Shalby Hospitals, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Surgery, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sagar Vaishampayan
- Department of Head & Neck Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Halimi M, Morshedi Asl S. Human papillomavirus infection in lung vs. oral squamous cell carcinomas: a polymerase chain reaction study. Pak J Biol Sci 2012; 14:641-6. [PMID: 22235505 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2011.641.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) has been suspected in pathogenesis of various malignancies; however, the available data are not conclusive. This study aimed to determine and compare the frequency of HPV infection in oral and lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) by a sensitive method. Sixty specimens of oral and lung SCC (30 cases each one) were reevaluated in Tabriz Imam Reza Centre in a 24 month period. Following genomic DNA extract, the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification was performed in presence of specific MY11 and MY09 primers for HPV infection. Three cervical specimens and a combination of PCR solution lacking DNA plus healthy persons' DNA samples were employed as positive and negative controls, respectively. The oral group was significantly older than the lung group (68.90 vs. 56.67 y, p < 0.001) with more males in the latter (83.3 vs. 60%; p = 0.04). Percentages of HPV infection in the oral and lung groups were comparable (20 vs. 10%, respectively; p = 0.47). Majority of patients with HPV infection were older than 60 years (88.9%) or male (88.9%). In the oral group, all these cases were well differentiated and the majority was of lower lip origin (83.3%). In the lung group, 66.7% of these specimens were moderately differentiated and the origin was bronchus in all cases. In conclusion, the rate of HPV infection in lung and oral SCC samples is rather lower than the previous reports in the literature. This rate is apparently higher in the oral than the lung SCC specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Halimi
- Department of Pathology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz, Iran
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the eighth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Despite advances in surgery and chemoradiation therapy, there has been little improvement in survival rates over the past 4 decades. Additionally, surgery and chemoradiotherapy have serious side effects. The development of agents with greater efficacy and tolerability is needed. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW EGFR is the only proven molecular target for HNSCC therapy. Cetuximab, the sole FDA-approved molecular targeted HNSCC therapy, and other potential targeted therapies are being evaluated in preclinical, clinical and post-marketing studies. Here, we review the emerging targets for biological agents in HNSCC and the rationale for their selection. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Key information in the development of new drug targets and the emergence of new biomarkers are discussed. Readers will gain insight regarding the limitations of current therapies, the impact of recently approved targeted therapies and the influence that predictive biomarkers will have on drug development. TAKE HOME MESSAGE The head and neck cancer drug market is rapidly evolving. Coordination between drug and biomarker development efforts may soon yield targeted therapies that can achieve the promise of personalized cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Fung
- University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Physician-Scientist Training Program, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Medical Fellows Program, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Eye and Ear Institute, 200 Lothrop St., Suite 500, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Hsu FC, Huang TT, Chiou WY, Lee CC, Lee MS, Hsiao SH, Lin HY, Su YC, Hung SK. Treatment Results and Prognostic Factors for Locally Advanced Buccal Cancer. Tzu Chi Med J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1016-3190(10)60048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Yang WCV, Chung HR, Wu JY, Yi C, Wang DJ, Lee SY. Potential biomarkers for the cytologic diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Dent Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1991-7902(10)60010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Hsu DSS, Chang SY, Liu CJ, Tzeng CH, Wu KJ, Kao JY, Yang MH. Identification of increased NBS1 expression as a prognostic marker of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:1029-37. [PMID: 20175780 PMCID: PMC11159783 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide; however, accurate molecular markers to predict its prognosis are still limited. We previously demonstrated that overexpression of the DNA double-strand break repair protein NBS1 is a prognostic marker of advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of using NBS1 as a biomarker in OSCC. In this study, we enrolled 148 OSCC for immunohistochemical (IHC) and clinical analysis. Data from 58 advanced non-oral-cavity HNSCC (NO-HNSCC) cases were also included for comparison due to the biological and clinical discrepancy between OSCC and HNSCC originated from the other sites (e.g. pharynx or larynx). First, we validated the NBS1 IHC results by real-time RT-PCR analysis, and an excellent correlation between the results of these two assays confirmed the reliability and robustness of IHC procedures and interpretation. NBS1 overexpression was an independent prognostic marker in both OSCC and NO-HNSCC cases. In OSCC, the prognostic significance of NBS1 was shown regardless of T stage and lymph node status. Increased NBS1 expression correlated with advanced T stage and recurrence/metastasis. NBS1 overexpression correlated with the phosphorylation levels of Akt and its downstream target mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). These results clearly illustrate the expression profile of NBS1 in OSCC and NO-HNSCC, and highlight the role of NBS1 in HNSCC irrespective of the primary sites. It also indicates the practicability of application of NBS1 as a marker in OSCC.
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Kietthubthew S, Wickliffe J, Sriplung H, Ishida T, Chonmaitree T, Au WW. Association of polymorphisms in proinflammatory cytokine genes with the development of oral cancer in Southern Thailand. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2010; 213:146-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Varnai AD, Bollmann M, Bankfalvi A, Kovacs K, Heller H, Schmitt C, Volek J, Szendy M, Bollmann R, Hildenbrand R. The prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus genotypes in oral epithelial hyperplasia: proposal of a concept. J Oral Pathol Med 2008; 38:181-7. [PMID: 19141061 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00723.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is accumulating for the aetiological role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of potentially malignant oral mucosal lesions and squamous cell carcinomas. METHODS Paraffin tissue sections from 49 patients with 'white patches' of the oral mucosa were investigated histologically, by broad-spectrum PCR followed by genotyping and chromogenic in situ hybridisation (CISH). RESULTS Histologically, 33 flat hyperplasias and 16 papillary hyperplasias were diagnosed. Twenty-two of 28 samples studied (78.6%) were positive for HPV DNA by PCR and six were negative. The following HPV types were detected in decreasing order of prevalence: HPV 35, HPV 6, HPV16, HPV 53, HPV 18, HPV 51 and HPV 55. Seventeen samples (60.7%) contained high-risk HPV DNA. Using CISH, >or= 1 HPV signals were detected at least in a few epithelial cells in 95% of cases studied. All but one case were positive with the high-risk HPV probe and all HPV infections contained low viral load. Concordant positive results both by PCR and CISH were detected in 14 of 19 cases (73.7%) analysed. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of HPV infection in hyperplastic 'white patches' of the oral mucosa supports the putative role of HPV at an early stage of oral carcinogenesis. These results further indicate that the majority of white oral mucosal lesions - flat, exophytic, wart-like or papillary proliferations - could be considered as the clinical manifestations of oral HPV infection. This finding has clinical relevance regarding therapy and patient management and may help in elucidating the role of HPV infection in oral carcinogenesis.
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Lai KC, Chang KW, Liu CJ, Kao SY, Lee TC. IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2 inhibits migration activity and increases survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2008; 6:1431-9. [PMID: 18819931 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-08-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The function of the IFN-stimulated gene family protein, IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2 (IFIT2), is poorly understood. Here, we report that IFIT2 colocalizes with cytokeratin 18 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. Treatment of OSCC cells with IFN-beta significantly increased the expression of IFIT2 and remarkably inhibited cell migration. To further explore the effect of IFIT2 on cell migration, IFIT2 expression was either silenced with a small interfering RNA or increased by ectopic expression. IFIT2 knockdown in OSCC cells led to a significantly higher level of migration in vitro (P < 0.05) compared with control cells; by contrast, IFIT2 overexpression led to a significantly lower level of migration in vitro (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemically, 71.4% of OSCC tissues had elevated IFIT2 protein levels compared with noncancerous matched tissues. Elevated IFIT2 protein expression was positively associated with tumor differentiation status and inversely associated with nodal stage in OSCC specimens (P < 0.05). Higher IFIT2 protein levels in tumor tissues were also associated with better patient survival (P < 0.01). Our present study shows an inverse correlation between IFIT2 expression and cell migration, suggesting that IFIT2 plays an important role in inhibiting this process and that its expression may be associated with better prognosis in patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chu Lai
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Termine N, Panzarella V, Falaschini S, Russo A, Matranga D, Lo Muzio L, Campisi G. HPV in oral squamous cell carcinoma vs head and neck squamous cell carcinoma biopsies: a meta-analysis (1988-2007). Ann Oncol 2008; 19:1681-1690. [PMID: 18558666 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdn372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the literature, there exists a wide range of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA prevalence for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), especially in relation to methods of viral detection and the lesion site. We estimated the pooled prevalence of HPV DNA in biopsies of HNSCC generically grouped versus oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in relation to the method of viral DNA detection, with the primary end point of verifying if these two variables (specification of tumour site and method of HPV DNA identification) influence the datum on HPV assay. METHODS By means of MEDLINE/PubMED/Ovid databases, we selected studies examining paraffin-embedded (PE) biopsies of HNSCC and OSCC. According to the inclusion criteria, 62 studies were analyzed. The following data were abstracted: sample size, HPV DNA prevalence, methods of detection [PCR and in situ hybridization (ISH)] and HPV genotypes. After testing the heterogeneity of the studies by the Cochran Q test, metanalysis was performed using the random effects model. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of HPV DNA in the overall samples (Sigma: 4852) was 34.5%, in OSCC it was 38.1% and in the not site-specific HNSCC was 24.1%. With regard to the detection method, PCR-based studies reported a higher prevalence rate than ISH-based rates (34.8, versus 32.9%) especially in the OSCC subgroup (OSCC PCR based: 39.9%). CONCLUSION These findings support the assumption that a correct distinction of HNSCC by site, together with the use of more sensitive HPV DNA detection methods, should be considered as essential prerogatives in designing future investigations into viral prevalence in head and neck tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Termine
- Department of Oral Sciences, Section of Oral Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Controversies in the management of tongue base cancer. Ir J Med Sci 2008; 178:1-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-008-0214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chen YJ, Chang JTC, Liao CT, Wang HM, Yen TC, Chiu CC, Lu YC, Li HF, Cheng AJ. Head and neck cancer in the betel quid chewing area: recent advances in molecular carcinogenesis. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:1507-14. [PMID: 18754860 PMCID: PMC11159516 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the 10 most frequent cancers worldwide, with an estimated over 500,000 new cases being diagnosed annually. The overall 5-year survival rate in patients with HNC is one of the lowest among common malignant neoplasms and has not significantly changed during the last two decades. Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) shares part of HNC and has been reported to be increasing in the betel quid chewing area in recent years. During 2006, OSCC has become the sixth most common type of cancer in Taiwan, and it is also the fourth most common type of cancer among men. It follows that this type of cancer wreaks a high social and personal cost. Environmental carcinogens such as betel quid chewing, tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking have been identified as major risk factors for head and neck cancer. There is growing interest in understanding the relationship between genetic susceptibility and the prevalent environmental carcinogens for HNC prevention. Within this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular aspects of HNC carcinogenesis in Taiwan, an endemic betel quid chewing area. Knowledge of molecular carcinogenesis of HNC may provide critical clues for diagnosis, prognosis, individualization of therapy and molecular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ju Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1 Road, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Human papillomavirus in oral squamous cells carcinoma in a population of 75 Brazilian patients. Am J Otolaryngol 2007; 28:397-400. [PMID: 17980772 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2006.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2006] [Revised: 11/25/2006] [Accepted: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, we investigated the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and viral types in 75 cases of oral squamous cells carcinoma from Brazil to obtain data that would contribute to a better understanding of the role of HPV in the pathogenesis of this tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue and amplified by polymerase chain reaction using a pair of primers designated PCO3+ and PCO4+ for the detection of a fragment of the human beta-globin gene, followed by polymerase chain reaction for the detection of HPV DNA using a pair of generic primers, GP5+ and GP6+. Viral typing was performed by dot blot hybridization. RESULTS Human papillomavirus DNA was detected in 18 (24%) of the 75 cases positive for the human beta-globin gene. No significant association was observed between HPV and age, sex, or anatomical location of the tumor. The most prevalent viral type was HPV-18 (77,8%). CONCLUSION The low frequency of detection of HPV DNA in oral epidermoid carcinomas suggests a possible participation of the virus in the development and progression of only a subgroup of these tumors.
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Koyama K, Uobe K, Tanaka A. Highly sensitive detection of HPV-DNA in paraffin sections of human oral carcinomas. J Oral Pathol Med 2007; 36:18-24. [PMID: 17181737 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2006.00490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been shown to be a significant carcinogen in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), its significance in oral SCC remains unclear. METHODS We developed highly sensitive detection methods for HPV to elucidate the prevalence and localization of HPV in paraffin sections from human oral SCC using modified in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization AT tailing (ISH-AT). Analyses revealed a high prevalence of several HPV types (HPV-16, -18, -22, -38 and -70) under optimal conditions. The ISH-AT method can be used as an alternative to in situ PCR. RESULTS Various staining patterns were observed in the 20 cases examined, and HPV-positive cells were localized within the surface epithelium as well as in neoplastic cells. We demonstrated that HPV-DNA could be detected in paraffin sections using either the method of in situ PCR or ISH, providing an appropriate primer and probe are used. CONCLUSION These results suggest that HPV infection could be one of several risk factors being involved in oral SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Koyama
- Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
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Thomas SJ, Bain CJ, Battistutta D, Ness AR, Paissat D, Maclennan R. Betel quid not containing tobacco and oral cancer: a report on a case-control study in Papua New Guinea and a meta-analysis of current evidence. Int J Cancer 2007; 120:1318-23. [PMID: 17163423 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Smoking and betel quid chewing are associated with increased risk of oral cancer but few studies have reported on associations in populations where betel quid does not contain tobacco. We conducted a case-control study in Papua New Guinea and a systematic review. Our case-control study recruited 143 cases with oral cancer and 477 controls. We collected information on smoking and betel quid chewing. Current smoking was associated with an increased risk of oral cancer with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) for daily smokers of 2.63 (95% confidence intervals (95% CI) 1.32, 5.22) and amongst heaviest smokers of 4.63 (95% CI 2.07, 10.36) compared to never-smokers. Betel chewing was associated with increased risk of oral cancer with an adjusted OR for current chewers of 2.03 (95% CI 1.01, 4.09) and in the heaviest chewers of 2.47 (95% CI 1.13, 5.40) compared to nonchewers. The OR in those who both smoked tobacco and chewed betel quid was 4.85 (95% 1.10, 22.25), relative to those who neither smoked nor chewed. The systematic review identified 10 previous studies that examined risk of oral cancer associated with betel quid chewing that controlled for smoking in populations where betel quid did not contain tobacco. In studies that reported results for non-smokers the combined OR was 2.14 (95% CI 1.06, 4.32) in betel quid chewers and in studies that adjusted for smoking the combined OR was 3.50 (95% CI 2.16, 5.65) in betel quid chewers. Preventive efforts should discourage betel quid chewing as well as smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Thomas
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, UK.
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Hobbs CGL, Sterne JAC, Bailey M, Heyderman RS, Birchall MA, Thomas SJ. Human papillomavirus and head and neck cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Otolaryngol 2006; 31:259-66. [PMID: 16911640 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-4486.2006.01246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that the link between human papillomavirus (HPV) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is specific to carcinoma of the tonsil. We systematically reviewed studies that tested for HPV16 exposure in anatomically defined sites in the head and neck and a control group. The association between HPV16 and cancer was strongest for tonsil (OR: 15.1, 95% CI: 6.8-33.7), intermediate for oropharynx (OR: 4.3, 95% CI: 2.1-8.9) and weakest for oral (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.2-3.4) and larynx (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.0-4.2). To investigate heterogeneity, further stratification by method of HPV16 detection, suggested that variation in the magnitude of the HPV-cancer association with cancer site was restricted to studies using ELISA: among studies using PCR, the magnitude of the summary odds ratios was similar across the four sites. The association between HPV16 infection and HNSCC in specific sites suggests the strongest and most consistent association is with tonsil cancer, and the magnitude of this association is consistent with an infectious aetiology. However, the method of viral detection may be an important source of heterogeneity. Resolution of this issue will require further studies using both methods, examining associations separately in different sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G L Hobbs
- Clinical Science at South Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Chen PCH, Pan CC, Kuo C, Lin CP. Risk of oral nonmalignant lesions associated with human papillomavirus infection, betel quid chewing, and cigarette smoking in Taiwan: an integrated molecular and epidemiologic study. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2006; 130:57-61. [PMID: 16390239 DOI: 10.5858/2006-130-57-roonla] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT In contrast to previous studies about the association of oral squamous cell carcinoma with human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18, the associations between nonmalignant oral lesions (chronic inflammation, submucous fibrosis, leukoplakia, and squamous papilloma) and HPV are much less well understood. OBJECTIVE We conducted this study using an in situ polymerase chain reaction in situ hybridization assay, which is one of the most sensitive methods for in situ viral detection. Other known oral cancer risk factors, including betel quid chewing and cigarette smoking, were also analyzed. DESIGN Oral specimens from 23 patients with submucous fibrosis, 36 patients with leukoplakia, 22 patients with squamous papilloma, and 21 patients without significant lesions were analyzed for the presence of HPV DNA. Their betel quid chewing and cigarette smoking histories were reviewed. RESULTS HPV-16 and HPV-18 were frequently identified in all 3 oral lesions (61.5% and 42.1%), while HPV-6 and HPV-11 were seen only in squamous papilloma (21.1% and 5.0%). HPV-18, betel quid chewing, and smoking were significantly associated with leukoplakia and squamous papilloma, while only betel quid chewing and smoking were significantly associated with submucous fibrosis. Multivariate analysis showed that the betel quid chewing habit remained an independent factor for leukoplakia and squamous papilloma. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that betel quid chewing and smoking habits are 2 important risk factors for these nonmalignant or premalignant oral lesions, while for high-risk HPV, only HPV-18--not HPV-16--is a significant risk factor for leukoplakia and squamous papilloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Chih-Hsueh Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei-Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lin CS, Jen YM, Cheng MF, Lin YS, Su WF, Hwang JM, Chang LP, Chao HL, Liu DW, Lin HY, Shum WY. Squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa: An aggressive cancer requiring multimodality treatment. Head Neck 2006; 28:150-7. [PMID: 16200628 DOI: 10.1002/hed.20303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our clinical practice, we have observed a high incidence of locoregional failure in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the buccal mucosa. We analyze our treatment results of this cancer and compare these results with those in the literature. We intend to define the pattern and incidence of failure of buccal cancer and provide information for the design of a better multimodality treatment. METHODS During the period from 1983 through 2003, 121 previously untreated patients with M0 stage SCC of the buccal mucosa were treated with a curative intent at our hospital. Twenty-seven patients received surgery alone, 36 had radiotherapy alone, and 58 underwent surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy. RESULTS The 5-year locoregional control, overall survival, and cause-specific survival rates for all patients were 36.3%, 34.3%, and 36.9%, respectively. The locoregional recurrence rate was 57% for all patients, with 80% occurring in the primary site alone. Patients with T1-2N0 disease who received surgery alone still had a high local recurrence incidence of 41%. For patients with locally advanced disease, surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy achieved better overall survival and locoregional control rates than surgery alone or radiotherapy alone. T classification was the only prognostic factor affecting locoregional control and survival in the surgery alone group, whereas N classification and skin invasion predicted a poorer survival for the surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy group. CONCLUSIONS SCC of the buccal mucosa is an aggressive cancer with a high locoregional failure rate even in patients with T1-2N0 disease. Possible reasons include inadequate treatment and an intrinsically aggressive nature. Postoperative radiotherapy has resulted in a better locoregional control rate for patients with T3-4 or N+ disease and should also be considered for patients with T1-2N0 disease for whom adjuvant therapy after radical surgery currently is not recommended by most guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Shu Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325 Section 2 Cheng-Kong Rd., Nei-Hu, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chang WC, Hsiao CF, Chang HY, Lan TY, Hsiung CA, Shih YT, Tai TY. Betel nut chewing and other risk factors associated with obesity among Taiwanese male adults. Int J Obes (Lond) 2005; 30:359-63. [PMID: 16116491 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The research aimed at examining betel nut chewing and other risk factors associated with obesity among Taiwanese male adults. DESIGN The research analyzed the data obtained by the 2001 National Health Interview Survey in Taiwan that covered all the administrative divisions in Taiwan. Multistage stratified systematic sampling design was adopted for survey. All members of a sampled household received the interview. SUBJECTS The research analyzed questionnaires answered by nonaboriginal male respondents aged between 20 and 59 years old, and the total number of samples analyzed read 6126. Since very few female subjects chewed betel nut, they were excluded from the analysis. MEASUREMENTS Criteria of obesity was defined as body mass index > or = 27 kg/m2. The variables incorporated for analysis included the respondents' status of betel nut chewing, age, educational background, presence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, drinking and smoking status, exercise status, and demand for physical strength at job. Generalized estimating equations model was employed to estimate the odd ratios (with 95% CI) of obesity of each independent variable. RESULTS Approximately 16.2% of respondents were obese. The distribution of betel nut chewing was current chewers 15.9%, ex-chewers 4.3%, and nonchewers 79.8%. After controlling above-mentioned independent variables, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, betel nut chewing, never exercising, and sedentary jobs were closely associated with obesity. CONCLUSION The research found that betel nut chewing closely associated with obesity. The increased appetite of betel nut chewers is speculated as the underlying cause. The prospective study is needed to clarify this issue. In addition to increasing the risk of developing oral cancer, betel nut chewing seemed to be related with another health hazard: obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-C Chang
- Division of Gerontology Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Chen R, Aaltonen LM, Vaheri A. Human papillomavirus type 16 in head and neck carcinogenesis. Rev Med Virol 2005; 15:351-63. [PMID: 15942978 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aetiology of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC) is multifactorial. Oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs), a causative agent in uterine cervical cancer, have also been repeatedly detected in HNSCC, especially in squamous cell carcinomas of tonsils. Approximately half the HPV DNA-positive HNSCC contain detectable E6/E7 transcripts with wild-type p53, reduced pRb and overexpressed p16 in the tumours. HPV-16 is the predominant type and exists in episomal, integrated, or mixed forms. Tonsillar carcinomas have a remarkably higher viral load than carcinomas at other sites of the head and neck region. HPV-16 DNA has also been detected in tumour-free tonsils. Infection by oncogenic HPVs is a necessary but not a sufficient cause of cancers. Studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying HPV-associated carcinogenesis are difficult, because HPV is not easy to propagate in vitro. HPV-immortalised human tonsillar epithelial cell lines may provide an in vitro model to study co-factors for the HPV-associated tonsillar cancers and to test the effects of anti-viral and anti-tumour agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwei Chen
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Chen YC, Chen JH, Richard K, Chen PY, Christiani DC. Lung adenocarcinoma and human papillomavirus infection. Cancer 2004; 101:1428-36. [PMID: 15368331 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.20538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, the incidence of lung adenocarcinoma has increased worldwide. Most individuals with lung adenocarcinoma (especially women) are nonsmokers. Reported risk factors for the development of lung adenocarcinoma include cigarette smoking; exposure to cooking fumes, air pollution, second-hand smoke, asbestos, and radon; nutritional status; genetic susceptibility; immunologic dysfunction; tuberculosis infection; and asthma. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a known risk factor for the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), but it has not been thoroughly assessed as a potential risk factor for the development of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. More than 50% of people are infected with HPV during their lifetimes, either via intrauterine or postnatal infection. Recent studies involving Taiwanese patients have demonstrated a possible association between HPV infection and the risk of developing pulmonary adenocarcinoma. HPV transmission pathways have not yet been conclusively identified. The observation of certain types of HPV in association with cervical and oral SCC raises the possibility of sexual transmission of HPV from the cervix to the oral cavity, with subsequent transmission to the larynx and then to the lung. HPV infection and metaplasia in lung tissue may increase an individual's susceptibility to the tumorigenesis of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Further epidemiologic and pathologic investigations will be necessary to establish a causal relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ching Chen
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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