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Ashford JR. Impaired oral health: a required companion of bacterial aspiration pneumonia. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2024; 5:1337920. [PMID: 38894716 PMCID: PMC11183832 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2024.1337920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Laryngotracheal aspiration has a widely-held reputation as a primary cause of lower respiratory infections, such as pneumonia, and is a major concern of care providers of the seriously ill orelderly frail patient. Laryngeal mechanical inefficiency resulting in aspiration into the lower respiratory tract, by itself, is not the cause of pneumonia. It is but one of several factors that must be present simultaneously for pneumonia to develop. Aspiration of oral and gastric contentsoccurs often in healthy people of all ages and without significant pulmonary consequences. Inthe seriously ill or elderly frail patient, higher concentrations of pathogens in the contents of theaspirate are the primary catalyst for pulmonary infection development if in an immunocompromised lower respiratory system. The oral cavity is a complex and ever changing eco-environment striving to maintain homogeneity among the numerous microbial communities inhabiting its surfaces. Poor maintenance of these surfaces to prevent infection can result inpathogenic changes to these microbial communities and, with subsequent proliferation, can altermicrobial communities in the tracheal and bronchial passages. Higher bacterial pathogen concentrations mixing with oral secretions, or with foods, when aspirated into an immunecompromised lower respiratory complex, may result in bacterial aspiration pneumonia development, or other respiratory or systemic diseases. A large volume of clinical evidence makes it clear that oral cleaning regimens, when used in caring for ill or frail patients in hospitals and long-term care facilities, drastically reduce the incidence of respiratory infection and death. The purpose of this narrative review is to examine oral health as a required causative companionin bacterial aspiration pneumonia development, and the effectiveness of oral infection control inthe prevention of this disease.
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Noriega Muro ST, Cucina A. Periodontitis and alveolar resorption in human skeletal remains: The relationship between quantitative alveolar bone loss, occlusal wear, antemortem tooth loss, dental calculus and age at death in a low socioeconomic status, modern forensic human collection from Yucatan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2024; 45:7-17. [PMID: 38447473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper assesses the relationship between the distance between the cemento-enamel junction and alveolar crest and risk factors commonly associated with periodontitis. MATERIALS Eighty individuals between 28 and 92 years old with known biological sex and age were analyzed from a 20th century forensic human collection from Merida, Yucatan (Mexico). METHODS Macroscopic assessment, along with metric analysis, was employed using a probe. RESULTS Ante-mortem tooth loss was positively correlated with the distance between the cemento-enamel junction and alveolar crest, as was the presence of root calculus in females. CONCLUSIONS Cemento-enamel junction to alveolar crest distance is not a reliable indicator of periodontitis since it is not directly related to periodontitis-causing infectious pathogens, and since ante-mortem tooth loss can affect root exposure. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrates that a purely quantitative approach to diagnosing periodontitis in archaeological and forensic human remains can be misleading. LIMITATIONS The skeletal collection is only representative of the low socioeconomic class of Merida, and its female cohort is underrepresented. In addition, because the Xoclan collection is modern, limitations (particularly with respect to tooth wear) of the applicability of these interpretations to older archaeological remains exist. SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH A combination of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of alveolar bone is needed to reliably diagnose periodontitis in skeletal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thamara Noriega Muro
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61A, N. 492A, Centro, Mérida, Yucatán C.P. 97000, México
| | - Andrea Cucina
- Facultad de Ciencias Antropológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km. 1, Carretera Mérida-Tizimín, Cholul, Mérida, Yucatán C.P. 97305, Mexico.
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Bakhshaei A, Ramachandran S, Brondani M. Teledentistry within oral health care providers' training: A scoping review. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2024; 28:631-644. [PMID: 38279780 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite teledentistry (TD) ubiquitous utilization, it has yet to be fully adopted by oral health care providers' educational training. This study aimed to explore TD incorporation in the training of oral health care providers. METHODS This review included studies on the TD content offered to oral health care providers. The JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) methodology was used, and two reviewers screened the literature. Studies published between 1989 and 4 June 2022 were searched using "Teledentistry" and "Education" as initial keywords. The searched databases included MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EPPI, Scopus, Epistemonikos, ERIC, MedEdPORTAL, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, and Google Scholar. All of the relevant literature, regardless of their language, were added. The data were extracted using an extraction table and are presented in tabular and narrative summary formats. RESULTS A total of 2180 documents were found, and 1804 documents were screened by the title and abstract after deduplication; 59 were selected for full-text review; and 19 were eligible for data extraction. Of all studies, 63.15% were published after the COVID-19 pandemic. Practicing TD and TD reimbursement were some of the addressed topics. Didactic education and hands-on practice were the most employed training methods. Self/peer evaluations and surveys were among the employed assessment techniques. CONCLUSION TD education has been emphasized during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a variation in the existing TD educational programmes, from addressing topics to assessment techniques. However, the number of educational programmes on this topic is sparse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Bakhshaei
- Oral Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Swathi Ramachandran
- Clinical Prevention Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mario Brondani
- Oral Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Zammit M, Bartoli J, Kellenberger C, Melani P, Roussel A, Cascales E, Leone P. Structure-function analysis of PorX Fj, the PorX homolog from Flavobacterium johnsioniae, suggests a role of the CheY-like domain in type IX secretion motor activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6577. [PMID: 38503809 PMCID: PMC10951265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The type IX secretion system (T9SS) is a large multi-protein transenvelope complex distributed into the Bacteroidetes phylum and responsible for the secretion of proteins involved in pathogenesis, carbohydrate utilization or gliding motility. In Porphyromonas gingivalis, the two-component system PorY sensor and response regulator PorX participate to T9SS gene regulation. Here, we present the crystal structure of PorXFj, the Flavobacterium johnsoniae PorX homolog. As for PorX, the PorXFj structure is comprised of a CheY-like N-terminal domain and an alkaline phosphatase-like C-terminal domain separated by a three-helix bundle central domain. While not activated and monomeric in solution, PorXFj crystallized as a dimer identical to active PorX. The CheY-like domain of PorXFj is in an active-like conformation, and PorXFj possesses phosphodiesterase activity, in agreement with the observation that the active site of its phosphatase-like domain is highly conserved with PorX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariotte Zammit
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (LISM, UMR7255), Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Univ, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Julia Bartoli
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (LISM, UMR7255), Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Univ, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Christine Kellenberger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne (LCB, UMR7283), Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Univ, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Pauline Melani
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (LISM, UMR7255), Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Univ, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Alain Roussel
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (LISM, UMR7255), Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Univ, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Cascales
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (LISM, UMR7255), Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Univ, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Leone
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (LISM, UMR7255), Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Univ, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France.
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Kaur J, Grover V, Gupta J, Gupta M, Kapur V, Mehta M, Lyle DM, Samujh T, Jain A. Effectiveness of subgingival irrigation and powered toothbrush as home care maintenance protocol in type 2 diabetic patients with active periodontal disease: A 4-month randomized controlled trial. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2023; 27:515-523. [PMID: 37781333 PMCID: PMC10538506 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_509_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a bidirectional link between diabetes and periodontal disease. Control of active periodontal infection is an essential requisite to maintain optimal oral and systemic health in diabetic patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of subgingival irrigation and powered toothbrush as home care maintenance protocol in type 2 diabetic patients with active periodontal disease compared to routine oral hygiene. Materials and Methods Forty (n = 40) diabetic (HbA1c >7%) patients were enrolled in this parallel, examiner-blind, interventional clinical trial. Patients were randomized into two groups: Group A (sonic toothbrush and irrigation with water twice daily) or Group B (manual toothbrush and mouth rinsing with 0.12% Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) twice daily)). All patients received Phase I therapybefore the start of the study. Clinical parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], oral hygiene index [OHI], pocket depth [PD], clinical attachment level [CAL], and bleeding index [BI]) were assessed at baseline, 1, 2, and 4 months. Levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), HbA1c, and interleukin (IL)-1 β were assessed at baseline and 4 months only. Verbal and written instructions were provided to each subject specific to their intervention allocation. Descriptive, parametric, and nonparametric analyses were used where appropriate. Results Sixteen (n = 16) patients in Group A and fifteen (n = 15) patients in Group B completed the 4-month study. Both groups showed a significant difference in BI, PD, CAL, and HbA1c from baseline to 4 months. There were no differences within groups for OHI, GI, or PI and CRP, IL-1 β. The results are based on an underpowered study due to the drop out of 9 patients reducing the number below the needed 19 patients per group based on the power analysis. Conclusion Results from this study provide information for future studies on self-care regimens for individuals living with Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Periodontology, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishakha Grover
- Department of Periodontology, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jyoti Gupta
- Department of Periodontology, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mili Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vinay Kapur
- Department of Medicine, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manjula Mehta
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Tanvi Samujh
- Department of Periodontology, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish Jain
- Department of Periodontology, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Ghosh S, Buyyanapragada GC, Gavali N, Ismail M, Elangovan R, Sri Lakshmi NR. Effects of Scaling and Root Planing on Salivary Interleukine-6 Levels in Chronic Periodontitis Patients and Glycemic Controls. Cureus 2023; 15:e45388. [PMID: 37854742 PMCID: PMC10579968 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontitis have a bidirectional relationship that is well documented in many reviews and epidemiological studies. Periodontitis has been referred to as the sixth complication of diabetes mellitus. Various studies showed improvement in Interleukin-6 levels as well as metabolic parameters after non-surgical periodontal therapy in chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 DM. Objective: To evaluate the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) on salivary levels of IL-6 and assessment of clinical parameters in CP patients with and without T2DM. METHODS We included 50 CP patients with well-controlled T2DM (Group I), and 50 CP patients without T2DM as controls (Group II) with evident clinical inflammation, ≥ 5mm probing depth (PD) and a relative attachment level (RAL) of ≥ 5mm. Following a brief medical and dental history plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival bleeding index (BI), PD, and RAL were recorded, and an unstimulated saliva was collected. Following SRP therapy, the clinical parameters and IL-6 levels were measured after seven days, 14 days, and 30 days. Intragroup and intergroup comparisons were carried out using a paired t-test and an independent t-test. The statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Data were analyzed using computer software, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v. 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). RESULTS Intergroup comparisons of IL-6 levels at different intervals showed a significantly higher reduction in Group II than in Group I (p=0.000). While the mean difference in the GI scores from baseline to 30 days was significantly higher in Group I patients (p=0.000), the difference in the mean PI (p=0.004), mean BI (p=0.000), mean PD (p=0.000) and mean RAL scores (p=0.000) were significantly higher in Group II patients. CONCLUSION This study indicates that scaling and root planing is effective in glycemic control and also has a role to play in the level of salivary IL-6 in periodontal health and T2DM with chronic periodontitis. Elevated salivary IL-6 levels indicate periodontal inflammation which is further increased in T2DM patients. Hence, elevated IL-6 can be considered a marker of periodontal destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghamitra Ghosh
- Periodontology, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Bilaspur, IND
| | | | - Neelam Gavali
- Periodontology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (deemed to be) University, Dental College and Hospital, Pune, IND
| | - Mohammad Ismail
- Periodontology, Mithila Minority Dental College and Hospital, Darbhanga, IND
| | - Ramnath Elangovan
- Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Rwanda, Kigali, RWA
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Evaluating the relationship between ankylosing spondylitis and periodontal disease: a case-control study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:411-420. [PMID: 36394610 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the possible relationship between periodontal disease and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) by evaluating clinical periodontal measurements and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of sclerostin, interleukin-1β (IL-1ß), and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with AS (AS group) and 28 systemically healthy controls (C group) were enrolled in this study. Full-mouth periodontal measurements: plaque index, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) measurements were obtained from all patients. AS-related parameters were included in the data analyses. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay determined GCF IL-1β, MMP-8, and sclerostin levels. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the clinical periodontal measurements between the two groups (p > 0.05). Interestingly, patients with AS had significantly lower GCF sclerostin levels than the C group (p < 0.05). But there were no statistical differences in the GCF levels of IL-1ß and MMP-8 between the two groups (p > 0.05). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels strongly correlated with both BOP (r = 0.497, p < 0.05) and PPD (r = 0.570, p < 0.05) in the AS group. Bath AS Metrology Index (BASMI) also positively correlated with both BOP (r = 0.530, p < 0.05) and CAL (r = 0.568, p < 0.05). Similarly, Maastrıcht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesis Score (MASES) strongly correlated with both BOP (r = 0.487, p < 0.05) and CAL (r = 0.522, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that the patient's systemic condition may influence local sclerostin levels in GCF, and the strong correlations between periodontal measurements and AS-related parameters may indicate an interrelationship between inflammatory periodontal disease and AS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The present study provides important information concerning the relationship between periodontal disease and ankylosing spondylitis. TRIAL REGISTRATION Thai Clinical Trials.gov (TCTR20200908001) (08. September 2020).
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Dziedzic A. Is Periodontitis Associated with Age-Related Cognitive Impairment? The Systematic Review, Confounders Assessment and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15320. [PMID: 36499656 PMCID: PMC9739281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that molecular pathological mechanisms responsible for periodontitis can be linked with biochemical alterations in neurodegenerative disorders. Hypothetically, chronic systemic inflammation as a response to periodontitis plays a role in the etiology of cognitive impairment. This study aimed to determine whether periodontitis (PDS) is a risk factor for age-related cognitive impairment (ACI) based on evidence of clinical studies. A comprehensive, structured systematic review of existing data adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was carried out. Five electronic databases, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane, were searched for key terms published in peer-reviewed journals until January 2021. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of studies and risk of bias. The primary and residual confounders were explored and evaluated. A meta-analysis synthesizing quantitative data was carried out using a random-effects model. Seventeen clinical studies were identified, including 14 cohort, one cross-sectional, and two case-control studies. Study samples ranged from 85 to 262,349 subjects, with follow-up between 2 and 32 years, and age above 45 years, except for two studies. The findings of studies suggesting the PDS-ACI relationship revealed substantial differences in design and methods. A noticeable variation related to the treatment of confounders was observed. Quality assessment unveiled a moderate quality of evidence and risk of bias. The subgroups meta-analysis and pooled sensitivity analysis of results from seven eligible studies demonstrated overall that the presence of PDS is associated with an increased risk of incidence of cognitive impairment (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.03-1.79), particularly dementia (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.02-1.88) and Alzheimer's disease (OR = 1.03 95% CI 0.98-1.07)). However, a considerable heterogeneity of synthesized data (I2 = 96%) and potential publication bias might affect obtained results. While there is a moderate statistical association between periodontitis and dementia, as well as Alzheimer's disease, the risk of bias in the evidence prevents conclusions being drawn about the role of periodontitis as a risk factor for age-related cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Dziedzic
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
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Implications of Microorganisms in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4584-4615. [PMID: 36286029 PMCID: PMC9600878 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a deadly brain degenerative disorder that leads to brain shrinkage and dementia. AD is manifested with hyperphosphorylated tau protein levels and amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide buildup in the hippocampus and cortex regions of the brain. The nervous tissue of AD patients also contains fungal proteins and DNA which are linked to bacterial infections, suggesting that polymicrobial infections also occur in the brains of those with AD. Both immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques were employed to assess fungal and bacterial infections in the brain tissue of AD patients and non-AD controls, with the most prevalent fungus genera detected in AD patients being Alternaria, Botrytis, Candida, and Malassezia. Interestingly, Fusarium was the most common genus detected in the control group. Both AD patients and controls were also detectable for Proteobacteria, followed by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroides for bacterial infection. At the family level, Burkholderiaceae and Staphylococcaceae exhibited higher levels in the brains of those with AD than the brains of the control group. Accordingly, there is thought to be a viscous cycle of uncontrolled neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the brain, caused by agents such as the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), Chlamydophilapneumonia, and Spirochetes, and the presence of apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), which is associated with an increased proinflammatory response in the immune system. Systemic proinflammatory cytokines are produced by microorganisms such as Cytomegalovirus, Helicobacter pylori, and those related to periodontal infections. These can then cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and lead to the onset of dementia. Here, we reviewed the relationship between the etiology of AD and microorganisms (such as bacterial pathogens, Herpesviridae viruses, and periodontal pathogens) according to the evidence available to understand the pathogenesis of AD. These findings might guide a targeted anti-inflammatory therapeutic approach to AD.
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Seizer L, Schubert C. On the Role of Psychoneuroimmunology in Oral Medicine. Int Dent J 2022; 72:765-772. [DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Fuchsbauer O, Lunar Silva I, Cascales E, Roussel A, Leone P. Structural and functional analyses of the Porphyromonas gingivalis type IX secretion system PorN protein. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101618. [PMID: 35065963 PMCID: PMC8861641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, the major human pathogen bacterium associated with periodontal diseases, secretes virulence factors through the Bacteroidetes-specific type IX secretion system (T9SS). Effector proteins of the T9SS are recognized by the complex via their conserved C-terminal domains (CTDs). Among the 18 proteins essential for T9SS function in P. gingivalis, PorN is a periplasmic protein that forms large ring-shaped structures in association with the PorK outer membrane lipoprotein. PorN also mediates contacts with the PorM subunit of the PorLM energetic module, and with the effector’s CTD. However, no information is available on the PorN structure and on the implication of PorN domains for T9SS assembly and effector recognition. Here we present the crystal structure of PorN at 2.0-Å resolution, which represents a novel fold with no significant similarity to any known structure. In agreement with in silico analyses, we also found that the N- and C-terminal regions of PorN are intrinsically disordered. Our functional studies showed that the N-terminal disordered region is involved in PorN dimerization while the C-terminal disordered region is involved in the interaction with PorK. Finally, we determined that the folded PorN central domain is involved in the interaction with PorM, as well as with the effector’s CTD. Altogether, these results lay the foundations for a more comprehensive model of T9SS architecture and effector transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Fuchsbauer
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7257, Marseille, France; Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - Ignacio Lunar Silva
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologie, Aix-Marseille Université - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR7255), Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Eric Cascales
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologie, Aix-Marseille Université - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR7255), Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Alain Roussel
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7257, Marseille, France; Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Leone
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7257, Marseille, France; Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7257, Marseille, France.
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Iwai T, Kume H, Koizumi S, Sakurazawa K, Honma K, Ogasawara H, Takemura T, Kishino M, Kagayama T. Buerger Disease: Pathological Changes in Elderly Patients. Ann Vasc Dis 2022; 15:29-36. [PMID: 35432646 PMCID: PMC8958396 DOI: 10.3400/avd.oa.21-00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports of vascular lesion changes in elderly Buerger disease patients are rare. Patients are expected to continue to have typical Buerger disease even after the age of 50. However, after 50, when patients suffer from atherosclerotic risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or hyperlipidemia, what kind of changes will occur? We will report on 3 cases of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or hyper lipidemia after or around 50 years of age. As a result, atherosclerosis was present in the iliac or aortic regions in the remaining thromboangiitis lesions below the groin area. (This is secondary publication from the J Jpn Coll Angiol 2021; 61: 107–113.)
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Gorji NE, Nasiri P, Shafaroudi AM, Shahhosseini Z, Hamzehgardeshi Z, Moosazadeh M. Relationship between DMFT index and number of pregnancies: a cross-sectional study on enrollment phase of the Tabari Cohort Study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:643. [PMID: 34911517 PMCID: PMC8672515 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-02004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People of all age and gender groups are at risk of dental diseases; however, some groups, such as pregnant women, are more vulnerable than others due to their specific physiological situations. The protection of maternal and fetal is critical. Therefore, the present study intended to investigate the relationship between the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and the number of pregnancies. Methods The present cross-sectional study was performed using the Tabari Cohort Study (T.C.S.) data. Data of 5,496 women enrolled in the T.C.S. were included in the study. After obtaining the approval of the Ethics Committee, the related data on the variables of age, age at the first pregnancy, number of pregnancies, total number of teeth at the time of examination, number of DMFT, employment status, socioeconomic status, educational level, residence location, body mass index, and the status of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases were extracted. Finally, data analysis was performed in the STATA software (version 14). Results The mean DMFT index in women with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and more than six pregnancies were obtained at 12.74 ± 7.11, 13.09 ± 7.06, 14.80 ± 7.81, 17.07 ± 8.11, 19.82 ± 9.02, 22.89 ± 8.98, and 26.17 ± 8.01, respectively (P < 0.001). Using the multivariate linear regression and adjusting the effect of potential confounding variables, it was found that the DMFT index increased by 34% for each unit increase in the number of pregnancies (β = 0.34, P < 0.001). Conclusions According to our results, there was a significant relationship between the DMFT index and the number of pregnancies. The DMFT index was increased with an increased number of pregnancies. Therefore, oral healthcare promotion should receive special attention in healthcare planning and related policies by raising awareness and providing easy access to dental services for women of childbearing age, especially pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Elyassi Gorji
- Dentistry Student, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Pegah Nasiri
- Dentistry Student, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Malekzadeh Shafaroudi
- Dentistry Student, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zohreh Shahhosseini
- Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zeinab Hamzehgardeshi
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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15
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Neves VCM, Pugh J, Savulescu J. Beyond oral hygiene, are capacity-altering, biologically based interventions within the moral domain of dentistry? Br Dent J 2021; 231:277-280. [PMID: 34508196 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-3335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oral diseases such as dental caries (DC) and periodontitis are widely prevalent, and existing approaches to managing these conditions have only a limited effect. Accordingly, there is growing interest in the development of novel biological interventions (including, among others, CRISPR-Cas9) that might, in the future, be used to prevent the development of or cure these conditions. However, in addition to familiar concerns about using biological interventions in children who cannot provide valid consent, it is not clear whether the provision of these interventions would fall within the proper domain of dentistry. In this opinion paper, we defend the view that the provision of reasonably safe and effective novel biological interventions aimed at preventing DC and periodontitis should be understood to fall within the proper domain of dentistry. To do so, we first argue that their use would be consistent with existing practice in dentistry. We then argue that: i) they may substantially increase the recipient's wellbeing and future autonomy; and ii) that their use could constitute a form of indirect preventative medicine by addressing a threat to systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor C M Neves
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, UK.
| | - Jonathan Pugh
- Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Julian Savulescu
- Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, UK
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16
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Kajiwara K, Sawa Y. Overexpression of SGLT2 in the kidney of a P. gingivalis LPS-induced diabetic nephropathy mouse model. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:287. [PMID: 34425759 PMCID: PMC8383391 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The overexpression of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in diabetic kidneys has been reported. It has also been established that the diabetic glomerular endothelium expresses the toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR4. The present study aims to examine the renal SGLT2 induction by the TLR2/4 ligand Porphyromonas (P.) gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) in mouse diabetic nephropathy. Methods Immunohistochemical study and tissue RT-PCR analyses were performed on mouse kidneys in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic ICR mice (STZ-ICR), in healthy ICR mice administered Pg-LPS (LPS-ICR), and in diabetic ICR mouse kidneys with Pg-LPS-induced nephropathy (LPS-STZ). Results In the quantitative analysis of blood sugar levels, the mean time to reach 600 mg/dl was shorter in the LPS-STZ than in the STZ-ICR kidneys. The rise in blood glucose levels was significantly steeper in the LPS-STZ than in the STZ-ICR kidneys. According to these data the LPS-STZ model suggests a marked glucose intolerance. The expression of SGLT2 was significantly stronger in the whole of the renal parenchyma of the LPS-STZ than in the LPS-ICR or in the STZ-ICR. The expression of SGLT2 was observed both in the renal tubules and around the renal tubules, and in the glomeruli of the LPS-STZ kidneys. In the analysis by tissue real-time PCR and cell ELISA, the expression of the SGLT2 gene and protein was significantly stronger in the LPS-STZ than in the LPS-ICR or in the STZ-ICR. There were no differences in the renal SGLT2 production in the LPS-ICR and the STZ-ICR kidneys. Conclusions Abnormally high renal expression of SGLT2 occurs in diabetic kidneys with P. gingivalis LPS. Periodontitis may be an exacerbating factor in diabetic nephropathy as well as in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Kajiwara
- Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Sawa
- Department of Oral Function & Anatomy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, Kita-ku, 700-0914, Japan.
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17
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Zedda N, Bramanti B, Gualdi-Russo E, Ceraico E, Rinaldo N. The biological index of frailty: A new index for the assessment of frailty in human skeletal remains. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 176:459-473. [PMID: 34418072 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Frailty is the physiological stress that individuals suffer during their life. In past populations, frailty is conventionally assessed through the occurrence of different biomarkers of biological stress. Some efforts have been made to propose indexes that combine all biomarkers. However, these indices have some critical limitations: they cannot be used on incomplete skeletons, do not consider the severity and/or healing of lesions, and assign equal importance to different biomarkers. To address these limitations, we propose a new index to assess frailty in skeletal individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS By statistically analyzing a large amount of osteological data available from the Museum of London, and using a Logit model, we were able to define a different weight for each reported biomarker of frailty, based on their importance in increasing the risk of premature death for the individuals. RESULTS The biological index of frailty (BIF) is the weighted mean of all biomarkers scored on the individuals, according to a different degree of importance assigned to each one. It also considers the severity and healing of the biomarkers when this is relevant to diagnose frailty. We applied BIF on a sample of Monastics and Non-Monastics from medieval England and compared it with the skeletal index of frailty (SFI). DISCUSSION BIF is the first frailty index that gives a different weight to each skeletal biomarker of stress, considers both severity and healing of the lesions, and can be applied on partial skeletal remains. The comparison with SFI showed that BIF is applicable to a larger number of skeletal individuals, revealing new differences between the Monastic and the Non-Monastic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Zedda
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Barbara Bramanti
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Gualdi-Russo
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Ceraico
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Natascia Rinaldo
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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18
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Schröder A, Stumpf J, Paddenberg E, Neubert P, Schatz V, Köstler J, Jantsch J, Deschner J, Proff P, Kirschneck C. Effects of mechanical strain on periodontal ligament fibroblasts in presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lysate. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:405. [PMID: 34407790 PMCID: PMC8371899 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Many adult orthodontic patients suffer from periodontitis, which is caused by oral pathogens such as the gram-negative Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Agac). Like orthodontic tooth movement, periodontitis is associated with inflammation and alveolar bone remodelling thereby affecting orthodontic treatment. Interactions of both processes, however, are not sufficiently explored, particularly with regard to oxidative stress. METHODS After preincubation with Agac lysate for 24 h periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) were either stretched or compressed for further 48 h simulating orthodontic forces in vitro. We analysed the expression of genes and proteins involved in the formation of reactive oxygen species (NOX-4, ROS) and nitric oxide (NOS-2), inflammation (TNF, IL-6, PTGS-2) and bone remodelling (OPG, RANKL). RESULTS Agac lysate elevated the expression of NOX-4, NOS-2, inflammatory IL-6 and PTGS-2 and the bone-remodelling RANKL/OPG ratio during compressive, but not tensile mechanical strain. Agac lysate stimulated pressure-induced inflammatory signalling, whereas surprisingly ROS formation was reduced. Pressure-induced downregulation of OPG expression was inhibited by Agac lysate. CONCLUSIONS Agac lysate impact on the expression of genes and proteins involved in inflammation and bone remodelling as well as ROS formation, when PDLF were subjected to mechanical forces occurring during orthodontic tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Schröder
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Julia Stumpf
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Paddenberg
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Neubert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Schatz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Josef Köstler
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Medicine, University Medicine Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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19
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Analysis of Interaction Between Porphyromonas gingivalis and Endothelial Cells In Vitro. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 32815143 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0939-2_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis is the most common periodontitis observed in adults. Recently, its association with systemic diseases such as ischemic heart-brain disease and diabetes has been pointed out. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major causative bacterium of chronic periodontitis, has properties of adhering to blood vessels and inducing inflammation, and those properties are involved in the induction of vascular inflammation and promotion of atherosclerosis. Therefore, analysis of the interaction of P. gingivalis with vascular endothelial cells will contribute to an understanding of the link between periodontitis and vascular lesions.
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20
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Fernandez CC, Sokolonski AR, Fonseca MS, Stanisic D, Araújo DB, Azevedo V, Portela RD, Tasic L. Applications of Silver Nanoparticles in Dentistry: Advances and Technological Innovation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2485. [PMID: 33801230 PMCID: PMC7957900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been successfully applied in several areas due to their significant antimicrobial activity against several microorganisms. In dentistry, AgNP can be applied in disinfection, prophylaxis, and prevention of infections in the oral cavity. In this work, the use of silver nanoparticles in dentistry and associated technological innovations was analyzed. The scientific literature was searched using PubMed and Scopus databases with descriptors related to the use of silver nanoparticles in dentistry, resulting in 90 open-access articles. The search for patents was restricted to the A61K code (International Patent Classification), using the same descriptors, resulting in 206 patents. The results found were ordered by dental specialties and demonstrated the incorporation of AgNPs in different areas of dentistry. In this context, the search for patents reaffirmed the growth of this technology and the dominance of the USA pharmaceutical industry over AgNPs product development. It could be concluded that nanotechnology is a promising area in dentistry with several applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Couto Fernandez
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA 40140-100, Brazil; (C.C.F.); (M.S.F.)
| | - Ana Rita Sokolonski
- Laboratory of Oral Biochemistry, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA 40140-100, Brazil; (A.R.S.); (D.B.A.)
| | - Maísa Santos Fonseca
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA 40140-100, Brazil; (C.C.F.); (M.S.F.)
| | - Danijela Stanisic
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil; (D.S.); (L.T.)
| | - Danilo Barral Araújo
- Laboratory of Oral Biochemistry, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA 40140-100, Brazil; (A.R.S.); (D.B.A.)
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Ricardo Dias Portela
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA 40140-100, Brazil; (C.C.F.); (M.S.F.)
| | - Ljubica Tasic
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil; (D.S.); (L.T.)
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21
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Dental Care in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review. Med Sci (Basel) 2021; 9:medsci9010013. [PMID: 33669898 PMCID: PMC8006040 DOI: 10.3390/medsci9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the dynamic relationship between oral and general health, dental care must not be neglected even during a public health emergency. Nevertheless, the fear of contracting the infection appears to have caused instances of dental treatment avoidance. In these times of uncertainty, regulatory and public health organizations have made numerous and sometimes controversial recommendations to practitioners and to the public about how to secure their oral health care needs. Dentists, as advocates of oral health, should actively maintain their practices while considering local epidemiological reports and recommendations regarding prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Providing appropriate safety measures, accurate triage and prioritization of patients, notice to susceptible communities, remote health care delivery when appropriate, and epidemiological reports of COVID-19 (whenever possible) are all critical considerations for dental practitioners.
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22
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Kajiwara K, Sawa Y, Fujita T, Tamaoki S. Immunohistochemical study for the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules, and FGF23 and ACE2 in P. gingivalis LPS-induced diabetic nephropathy. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:3. [PMID: 33407253 PMCID: PMC7786162 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-02203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aims to examine the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules and renal metabolic factors in diabetic mouse kidneys with periodontal pathogen Pg-LPS-induced nephropathy. Background We recently reported that the glomerular endothelium expresses toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 in diabetic environments and TLR2/4 ligand Porphyromonas (P.) gingivalis lipopolysaccharides (Pg-LPS) induce nephropathy in diabetic mice. It is thought that Pg-LPS promotes the chronic inflammation with the overexpression of leukocyte adhesion molecules and renal-specific metabolic enzymes by the recognition of Pg-LPS via TLR in the diabetic kidneys. There have been no reports of the effects of periodontopathic bacteria on the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules and the accumulation of physiologically active substances in the kidney. Methods The immunohistochemical investigation was performed on diabetic mouse kidney with Pg-LPS-induced nephropathy with glomerulosclerosis in glomeruli. Results There were no vessels which expressed vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic ICR mice (STZ-ICR), or in healthy ICR mice administered Pg-LPS (LPS-ICR). However, in diabetic ICR mouse kidneys with Pg-LPS-induced nephropathy (LPS-STZ) the expression of VCAM-1 and the accumulation of FGF23 were observed in renal tubules and glomeruli, and the expression of E-selectin was observed in renal parenchyma and glomeruli. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was detected in the proximal tubules but not in other regions of ICR, STZ-ICR, or LPS-ICR. In LPS-STZ ACE2 was detected both in renal tubules as well as in glomeruli. The Mac-1 and podoplanin-positive cells increased in the renal parenchyma with diabetic condition and there was the distribution of a large number of Mac-1-positive cells in LPS-STZ. Conclusions The Pg-LPS may induce diabetic renal inflammation such as glomerulosclerosis and tubulitis with infiltration of Mac-1/podoplanin positive macrophages via glomerular overexpression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin, resulting in accumulation of both ACE2 and FGF23 which were unmetabolized with the inflammation-induced kidney damage under the diabetic condition. Periodontitis may be a critical factor in the progress of nephropathy in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Kajiwara
- Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Sawa
- Department of Oral Function & Anatomy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0914, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Fujita
- Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Sachio Tamaoki
- Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
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Duseja A, Chahal GS, Jain A, Mehta M, Ranjan A, Grover V. Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and inflammatory periodontal disease: A case‑control study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2021; 25:47-54. [PMID: 33642741 PMCID: PMC7904021 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_45_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests an interconnection between chronic periodontal disease and systemic diseases. AIM The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and inflammatory periodontal disease among north Indian population. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Tertiary health care center, cross-sectional case-control observational study. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 cases, i.e., patients with NAFLD and 40 healthy volunteers were included over a period of 8 months and their periodontal status was compared. The status of their hepatic health was ascertained by anthropometric, imaging, and biochemical evaluation including ultrasound examination of abdomen and transient elastography. STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS Paired t-test, multivariate logistic regression analysis using IBM SPSS STATISTICS (version 22.0, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). RESULTS The study revealed that only 11.9% and 20% of participants had periodontitis, in healthy controls and hepatic disease patients, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed in clinical parameters of periodontal status, except for malocclusion. Comparative analysis of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and cytokeratin-18 revealed differences in mean scores, though statistically nonsignificant. Only aspartate transaminase, number of missing teeth, and bleeding on probing (BOP) were observed with higher odds ratios for hepatic disease patients. Spearman correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between TNF-α and BOP, for cases. CONCLUSION Patients with hepatic disease showed a higher prevalence of periodontal disease, worse oral hygiene and periodontal health status compared to healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Duseja
- Department of Hepatology, PGIMER, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gurparkash Singh Chahal
- Department of Periodontology, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish Jain
- Department of Periodontology, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manu Mehta
- Department of Hepatology, PGIMER, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aditya Ranjan
- Department of Periodontology, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishakha Grover
- Department of Periodontology, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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24
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Dent SC, Berger SM, Griffin JS. Biocultural pathways linking periodontal disease expression to food insecurity, immune dysregulation, and nutrition. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23549. [PMID: 33300640 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this article, we test theoretical pathways leading to and resulting from periodontal disease to better understand how periodontal disease, which is measurable in both past and present populations, integrates biocultural context and affects whole-body physiology. METHODS We use data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 and logistic and linear regressions to test pathways linking psychosocial stress to periodontal disease, and periodontal disease to serum vitamin C levels. We then use causal mediation analysis to test the role of mediating variables in these pathways (n = 1853 individuals). RESULTS Food insecurity was positively associated with periodontal disease and negatively associated with serum counts of C-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophils. Neither CRP nor neutrophils significantly mediated the relationship between food insecurity and periodontal disease. Periodontal disease was negatively associated with serum vitamin C levels and positively associated with neutrophil counts. Neutrophils may mediate the relationship between periodontal disease and vitamin C. CONCLUSIONS We identify two main findings: (a) periodontal disease contributes to and may result from immune dysregulation, particularly of neutrophils, and (b) an immune response to chronic infection such as periodontal disease is metabolically expensive for the body to maintain and likely depletes serum micronutrient levels. Both micronutrient status and serum neutrophil counts affect multiple skeletal and physiological phenotypes and thus position periodontal disease in whole-body context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia C Dent
- Department of Anthropology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Steph M Berger
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jacob S Griffin
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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25
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Mahapatra A, Nayak R, Satpathy A, Pati BK, Mohanty R, Mohanty G, Beura R. Maternal periodontal status, oral inflammatory load, and systemic inflammation are associated with low infant birth weight. J Periodontol 2020; 92:1107-1116. [PMID: 33155287 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease and pregnancy outcomes have been claimed to be associated with conflicting reports. The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine the association between maternal periodontal status, oral inflammatory load and serum C- reactive protein (CRP) level, and infant birth weight. METHODS A total of 156 pregnant women (age 26.62 ± 3.93 years) within the gestational age group of 13 to 32 weeks participated in this cross-sectional study. Oral inflammatory load (OIL) was assessed in a salivary rinse sample using fluorescence microscopy. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded and serum C-reactive protein level (CRP) was assessed. Participants were followed till delivery, details of parturition and infant birth weight (IBW) was recorded. RESULTS OIL was significantly more in participants with mild and moderate periodontitis as compared to those with gingivitis in mid and late stages of pregnancy. Periodontal and systemic inflammatory parameters were positively correlated. A significant negative correlation was found between IBW and OIL (P = 0.006) and serum CRP (P < 0.001). The GI score (P = 0.039), BOP% (P = 0.023), serum CRP level (P < 0.001) and oral polymorphonuclear neutrophil (oPMN) count (P < 0.001) was significantly more in mothers delivering babies with low IBW. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that only oPMN (β = - 0.244, P = 0.021) and serum CRP (β = - 0.226, P = 0.019) were included in the best model (R2 = 0.12, F(3,152) = 7.15, P < 0.001) for significantly predicting the infant birth weight. CONCLUSIONS Poor maternal periodontal status, increased oral inflammatory load and increased systemic inflammation have an adverse effect on infant birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annuroopa Mahapatra
- Department of Periodontics, SCB Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India.,Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rashmita Nayak
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Anurag Satpathy
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Pati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rinkee Mohanty
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Gatha Mohanty
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rajdeep Beura
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.,Department of Periodontics, Hi-Tech Dental College & Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Stephens R, Quinonez R, Boggess K, Weintraub JA. Perinatal Oral Health Among Underserved Women: A Call to Action for North Carolina Patients, Providers and Policymakers. Matern Child Health J 2020; 24:351-359. [PMID: 31897932 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-019-02868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Knowledge gaps exist among providers and pregnant women about the importance and safety of oral health care around pregnancy. This article describes the current state of perinatal oral health and healthcare among underserved women in North Carolina (NC) and provides policy recommendations to improve their access to and utilization of dental services. METHODS A descriptive analysis is provided using (a) 2016 oral health surveillance data of a convenience sample of 459 pregnant women across NC, (b) 2014-2016 Medicaid dental provider and dental services utilization data for the Medicaid for Pregnant Women (MPW) program, and (c) 2017 Medicaid dental benefits policy. Surveillance data was not linked to Medicaid dental services utilization data. RESULTS Less than 20% of pregnant women surveyed reported having a dental visit during pregnancy and oral screenings revealed 33% had untreated caries. Medicaid data showed a steady decline since 2014 in percentage of MPW beneficiaries utilizing any dental service-less than 10% as of 2016. MPW dental benefits lapse at delivery because dental care is not considered pregnancy-related in NC policy. Only 20% of practicing NC dentists provided care to MPW beneficiaries in 2015. DISCUSSION Inadequacies in oral health knowledge, beliefs and practices exist among pregnant women, health care professionals and policymakers. Statewide efforts are needed to promote a standard of perinatal care that emphasizes collaborative practice and addresses existing barriers at the patient, provider and policy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda Stephens
- Regional Public Health Dentist, Oral Health Section, Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, 1910 Mail Service, Raleigh, NC, 27699-1910, USA.
| | - Rocio Quinonez
- Pediatric Dentistry and Pediatrics, Schools of Dentistry and Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kim Boggess
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jane A Weintraub
- Department of Dental Ecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Trinh NTT, Tran HQ, Van Dong Q, Cambillau C, Roussel A, Leone P. Crystal structure of Type IX secretion system PorE C-terminal domain from Porphyromonas gingivalis in complex with a peptidoglycan fragment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7384. [PMID: 32355178 PMCID: PMC7192894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, the major human pathogen associated to periodontal diseases, utilizes the Bacteroidetes-specific type IX secretion system (T9SS) to export virulence factors. PorE is a periplasmic multi-domain lipoprotein associated to the outer membrane that was recently identified as essential for T9SS function. Little is known on T9SS at the structural level, and in particular its interaction with peptidoglycan. This prompted us to carry out structural studies on PorE full length as well as on its four isolated domains. Here we report the crystal structure of the C-terminal OmpA_C-like putative peptidoglycan-binding domain at 1.55 Å resolution. An electron density volume was identified in the protein cleft, making it possible to build a naturally-occurring peptidoglycan fragment. This result suggests that PorE interacts with peptidoglycan and that PorE could anchor T9SS to the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhung Thi Trang Trinh
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7257, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 932, 13009, Marseille, France.,Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7257, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 932, 13009, Marseille, France.,Faculty of Medical Technology, PHENIKAA University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam.,PHENIKAA Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), A&A Green Phoenix Group JSC, No. 167 Hoang Ngan, Trung Hoa, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11313, Vietnam
| | - Hieu Quang Tran
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7257, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 932, 13009, Marseille, France.,Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7257, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 932, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Quyen Van Dong
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology. 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi, Vietnam.,University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology. 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Christian Cambillau
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7257, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 932, 13009, Marseille, France.,Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7257, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 932, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Alain Roussel
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7257, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 932, 13009, Marseille, France.,Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7257, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 932, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Leone
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7257, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 932, 13009, Marseille, France. .,Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7257, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 932, 13009, Marseille, France.
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Ballon Romero SS, Lee YC, Fuh LJ, Chung HY, Hung SY, Chen YH. Analgesic and Neuroprotective Effects of Electroacupuncture in a Dental Pulp Injury Model-A Basic Research. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2628. [PMID: 32283868 PMCID: PMC7178196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible pulpitis is an extremely painful condition and its consequence in the central nervous system (CNS) remains unclear. A mouse model of dental pulp injury (DPI) resembles the irreversible pulpitis profile in humans. This study sought to determine whether pain induced by DPI activates microglia and astrocytes in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc), as well as increases levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and whether electroacupuncture (EA) can be a potential analgesic and neuroprotective therapy following DPI. Pain behavior was measured via head-withdrawal threshold (HWT) and burrowing behavior at days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 after DPI. A marked decrease in HWT and burrowing activity was observed from day 1 to 14 after DPI and no changes were seen on day 21. Microglial and astrocytes activation; along with high cytokine (TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6) levels, were observed in the Vc at 21 days after DPI. These effects were attenuated by verum (local and distal) EA, as well as oral ibuprofen administration. The results suggest that DPI-induced pain and glial activations in the Vc and EA exert analgesic efficacy at both local and distal acupoints. Furthermore, verum (local and distal) EA might be associated with the modulations of microglial and astrocytes activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmely Sharon Ballon Romero
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (S.S.B.R.); (Y.-C.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (S.S.B.R.); (Y.-C.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (S.-Y.H.)
- Department of Acupuncture, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Jyh Fuh
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University; Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Yi Chung
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (S.S.B.R.); (Y.-C.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Shih-Ya Hung
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (S.S.B.R.); (Y.-C.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (S.-Y.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (S.S.B.R.); (Y.-C.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (S.-Y.H.)
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
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Chopra A, Radhakrishnan R, Sharma M. Porphyromonas gingivalis and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a review on its intricate pathogenic mechanisms. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:213-236. [PMID: 32267781 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1747392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a Gram-negative facultative anaerobe of the oral cavity, is associated with the onset of various adverse pregnancy outcomes. P. gingivalis is linked with the development of preeclampsia, preterm labour, spontaneous abortion, gestational diabetes, foetal growth restriction, and misconception. The unique virulence factors, surface adhesions, enzymes of P. gingivalis can directly injure and alter the morphology, microbiome the foetal and maternal tissues. P. gingivalis can even exaggerate the production of cytokines, free radicals and acute-phase proteins in the uterine compartment that increases the risk of myometrial contraction and onset of preterm labour. Although evidence confirms the presence of P. gingivalis in the amniotic fluid and placenta of women with poor pregnancy outcomes, the intricate molecular mechanisms by which P. gingivalis initiates various antenatal and postnatal maternal and foetal complications are not well explained in the literature. Therefore, the present review aims to comprehensively summarise and highlight the recent and unique molecular pathogenic mechanisms of P. gingivalis associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Chopra
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences & Research, Faridabad, India
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30
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Križan Smojver B, Altabas K, Knotek M, Bašić Jukić N, Aurer A. Periodontal inflamed surface area in patients on haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis: a Croatian cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:95. [PMID: 32245460 PMCID: PMC7118952 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The decision to initiate dialysis treatment via haemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) often involves the consideration of complex factors and remains a matter of debate. The purpose of this study was to quantify the inflammatory burden that periodontitis causes in dialysis patients and to examine whether patients on PD and HD differ in terms of the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), which can be helpful for selecting the most appropriate dialysis modality. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on 58 consecutive patients on HD and 31 consecutive patients on PD. PISA was calculated using measurements of the clinical attachment level, recession and bleeding on probing. We performed the primary analysis using multivariable robust regression. Results Patients on PD had a 746 mm2 (93%) lower mean PISA than patients on HD after adjustment for 20 possible confounders, including the duration of dialysis. The type of dialysis was independently correlated with the PISA (semipartial correlation: − 0.50; p = 0.017; false discovery rate < 5%). After adjusting for confounding factors, the correlation between the duration and type of dialysis was not significant (F (2,44) = 0.01; p = 0.994; η2 = 0.00). Differences in the PISA between patients who had undergone dialysis for less than a year, 2–3 years or ≥ 3 years were not significantly different in either of the two dialysis groups. Conclusions PISA levels in Croatian patients on dialysis indicate a high need for periodontal treatment. PD is associated with a smaller PISA independent of many sociodemographic, lifestyle, laboratory and clinical factors. The duration of dialysis does not influence PISA levels. Trial registration ISRCTN17887630. A clinical study to investigate gum infection in patients undergoing kidney dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Križan Smojver
- Department of Endodontics with Restorative Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Dental Clinic Zagreb, Perkovčeva ulica 3, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Karmela Altabas
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center "Sestre milosrdnice", Vinogradska cesta 29, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mladen Knotek
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center Merkur, Zajčeva ulica, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Bašić Jukić
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Kišpatićeva ulica 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrej Aurer
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva ulica 5, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Yang I, Sandeep S, Rodriguez J. The oral health impact of electronic cigarette use: a systematic review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:97-127. [PMID: 32043402 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1713726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is becoming more prevalent and is particularly popular among adolescents and conventional smokers. While the oral health sequelae of conventional smoking are well-established, the impact of e-cigarettes on oral health is still unknown. This study aims to systematically review the available research evidence on the oral health impact of e-cigarette use.Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and used the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool to evaluate the evidence. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) were systematically searched for studies including case reports. Two independent reviewers extracted data and synthesized the findings.Results: Ninety-nine articles were included in this systematic review. Analyses of the articles yielded seven categories based on symptom similarity and/or focus: mouth effects, throat effects, periodontal effects, dental effects, cytotoxic/genotoxic/oncologic effects, oral microbiome effects, and traumatic/accidental injury. The majority of mouth and throat symptoms experienced by e-cigarette users were relatively minor and temporary, with some evidence that conventional smokers who switched to e-cigarettes experienced mitigation of these symptoms. E-cigarette exposure increased the risk for deteriorating periodontal, dental and gingival health as well as changes to the oral microbiome. Extensive dental damage as a result of e-cigarette explosions were described in case reports. Components of e-cigarette vapor have known cytotoxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic properties.Conclusions: Although switching to e-cigarettes may mitigate oral symptomatology for conventional smokers, findings from this review suggest that a wide range of oral health sequelae may be associated with e-cigarette use. Well-designed studies to investigate oral health outcomes of e-cigarette use are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Yang
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shelly Sandeep
- Emory University Midtown Hospital, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeannie Rodriguez
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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32
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Taniguchi-Tabata A, Takeuchi N, Uchida Y, Ekuni D, Morita M. Association between maternal periodontal status and ultrasonographic measurement of fetal growth: A longitudinal study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1402. [PMID: 31996751 PMCID: PMC6989493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the association between intrauterine fetal growth patterns and periodontal status in pregnant women. Fifty-three pregnant women were recruited. Periodontitis was diagnosed based on probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. Maternal urinary 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine levels and body mass index were recorded. Ultrasonographic measurements of the biparietal diameter (BPD), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL) were recorded, and estimated fetal weight (EFW) was calculated. In addition, approximation spline curves of BPD, AC, FL, and EFW were obtained throughout the gestation period. Recorded delivery outcomes were gestational age (GA), birth weight and length, sex, placental weight, and umbilical cord length. Forty-four participants (34.1 ± 4.9 years) were analyzed. Mean neonatal birth weight was 2906.0 ± 544.4 g. On multiple regression analysis, birth weight was related with periodontitis (standardized β = −0.21, P = 0.001). For EFW and BPD, the curves of the periodontitis group were located lower than those of the non-periodontitis group, with significant differences after 32 weeks and 20 weeks of GA, respectively. In conclusion, periodontal treatment before conception may be recommended and a good periodontal condition in the early stage of pregnancy at the latest is desirable for infant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noriko Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Yoko Uchida
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Manabu Morita
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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33
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Gileva O, Libik T, Daurova F, Mudrova O, Redinova T. Oral cancer awareness among aged patients with chronic oral mucosal diseases in Russian Federation. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20202201027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The secret of longevity is not only in healthy lifestyle and genetics, but in the forehanded prevention of diseases. Nowadays the preservation of health is much more the patient’s responsibility. This mission can be realized only through the high level of patient’s awareness and treatment compliance. Oral cancer has one of the highest mortality rates among all malignancies worldwide. A gap in patient knowledge about oral cancer, specifically related to risk factors and signs and symptoms, is posited to be among the key modifiable factor contributing to high morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the oral cancer awareness among patients of the risk group (aged patients with chronic oral mucosal diseases). Results of the study showed the lack of oral cancer awareness among patients: the mean knowledge score for the risk factors – 3, 1 ± 1, 2 out of 8, 0, for the signs and symptoms – 4, 9 ± 1, 3 out of 12, 0. It was found that women had higher oncological awareness than men, as well as participants with high educational level, and patients with premalignant oral lesions (oral lichen planus, oral leukoplakia). Educational programs are essential for improvement of oral cancer awareness among population.
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Omi M, Mishina Y. Role of osteoclasts in oral homeostasis and jawbone diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 18:14-27. [PMID: 34220275 DOI: 10.1002/osi2.1078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The jawbone is a unique structure as it serves multiple functions in mastication. Given the fact that the jawbone is remodeled faster than other skeletal bones, bone cells in the jawbone may respond differently to local and systemic cues to regulate bone remodeling and adaptation. Osteoclasts are bone cells responsible for removing old bone, playing an essential role in bone remodeling. Although bone resorption by osteoclasts is required for dental tissue development, homeostasis and repair, excessive osteoclast activity is associated with oral skeletal diseases such as periodontitis. In addition, antiresorptive medications used to prevent bone homeostasis of tumors can cause osteonecrosis of the jaws that is a major concern to the dentist. Therefore, understanding of the role of osteoclasts in oral homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions leads to better targeted therapeutic options for skeletal diseases to maintain patients' oral health. Here, we highlight the unique features of the jawbone compared to the long bone and the involvement of osteoclasts in the jawbone-specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Omi
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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35
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Shiomi K, Yamawaki I, Taguchi Y, Kimura D, Umeda M. Osteogenic Effects of Glucose Concentration for Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells after Stimulation with Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.29.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Shiomi
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University
| | - Isao Yamawaki
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University
| | | | | | - Makoto Umeda
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University
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Seriwatanachai D, Triratana T, Kraivaphan P, Amaornchat C, Mateo LR, Sabharwal A, Delgado E, Szewczyk G, Ryan M, Zhang YP. Effect of stannous fluoride and zinc phosphate dentifrice on dental plaque and gingivitis: A randomized clinical trial with 6-month follow-up. J Am Dent Assoc 2019; 150:S25-S31. [PMID: 30797256 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare a stabilized stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrice with zinc phosphate (Colgate TotalSF) with SnF2 with zinc lactate and control fluoride dentifrices for gingivitis and plaque control over a 6-month period. METHODS A total of 135 adult participants were enrolled in this study. After randomization and blinding of examiners and patients, enrolled participants were provided instructions for use of assigned dentifrice. At 3 visits (0, 3, and 6 months), various gingival and plaque indexes were collected to determine the clinical efficacy of a stabilized SnF2 dentifrice. These results were compared with a SnF2 with zinc lactate dentifrice and with a control fluoride dentifrice. RESULTS A total of 135 participants completed the study. All groups reported statistically significant reductions in gingival inflammation and improvement in plaque control at 3- and 6-month follow-up. Both SnF2 dentifrices showed statistically significant reductions in all indexes compared with the control dentifrice (P < .001). However, the test dentifrice showed higher but nonsignificant improvements in plaque and gingival indexes compared with the other SnF2 dentifrice. CONCLUSIONS This study reports similar efficacy of a test dentifrice to a commercial SnF2-containing dentifrice for plaque control and reduction in gingival inflammation and provides supporting evidence that the test dentifrice maintains its clinical efficacy with change of formulation. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS This newly formulated SnF2 stabilized with zinc phosphate dentifrice may be of benefit to patients in controlling plaque biofilm and gingivitis.
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Hu D, Li X, Liu H, Mateo LR, Sabharwal A, Xu G, Szewczyk G, Ryan M, Zhang YP. Evaluation of a stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice on dental plaque and gingivitis in a randomized controlled trial with 6-month follow-up. J Am Dent Assoc 2019; 150:S32-S37. [PMID: 30797257 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to compare a stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrice (Colgate TotalSF) stabilized with zinc phosphate with a sodium fluoride control dentifrice for gingivitis and plaque control over a 6-month period. METHODS One hundred adult participants were enrolled in this study conducted in Chengdu, China. After random assignment and blinding of examiners and patients, enrolled participants received instructions for use of the assigned dentifrice. At 3 visits (baseline and 3 and 6 months), the authors measured various gingival and plaque indexes to determine the clinical efficacy of the stabilized SnF2 dentifrice compared with those of the control fluoride dentifrice (2 groups). RESULTS Ninety-eight participants completed the study. Both groups (test and control) had statistically significant reductions in gingival inflammation and improvement in plaque control at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups. In addition, the test dentifrice showed statistically significant reductions in all indexes compared with the control dentifrice (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS This study's results show statistically significantly improved clinical outcomes for reduction of gingival inflammation and improvement in biofilm control over a 6-month period through the use of a SnF2 dentifrice stabilized with zinc phosphate when compared with results with a fluoride control dentifrice. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS This newly formulated dentifrice improves gingival health and plaque control and thereby may aid patients in attaining improved oral health.
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Murakami-Malaquias-da-Silva F, Rosa EP, Oliveira JG, Avelar IS, Palma-Cruz M, Fernandes Silva JG, Rigonato-Oliveira NC, Bussadori SK, Negreiros RM, Ligeiro-de-Oliveira AP, Lino-Dos-Santos-Franco A, Horliana AC. The role of periodontal treatment associated with photodynamic therapy on the modulation of systemic inflammation in the experimental model of asthma and periodontitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 29:101619. [PMID: 31841684 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of Periodontitis (P) with several systemic diseases, among them asthma (A), has been previously studied. As periodontal treatment (TTO) associated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) is able to treat P, the aim of this study is to verify whether periodontitis exerts systemic effects on asthma, and whether TTO, associated or not with PDT, is capable of altering the systemic course of both pathologies. METHODS 64 male Balb/c mice were divided into 8 groups (n = 8): Basal (B), P, P + TTO, P + TTO + PDT, Asthma, A + P, A + P + TTO, A + P + TTO + PDT. After 43 days, all animals were euthanized. The total and differential leukocyte count in serum, platelet count, alveolar bronchial lavage cell count, femoral lavage cell count in addition to the reactivity of the trachea, lung edema and gingiva cytokines were analyzed. The frequency of inflammatory cells was assessed via flow cytometry. One-way ANOVA test was used, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls post-test. RESULTS There was an increase in the number of blood circulating eosinophils in group A when compared to group B (p < 0.01); this characterized the asthma experimental model. P (p < 0.05) presented a lower amount of cytokine TNF-α in the gingiva when compared to the Asthma group. Apart from that, there was no statistical difference found for the other analyzed parameters. CONCLUSION These data contributed to elucidate that P and A, associated or not with TTO and PDT, are not able to interfere with the systemic parameters of Balb/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen Perim Rosa
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jessica Gonzaga Oliveira
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Isabella Sena Avelar
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marlon Palma-Cruz
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Joao Gabriel Fernandes Silva
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Renata Matalon Negreiros
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Ligeiro-de-Oliveira
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Lino-Dos-Santos-Franco
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Anna Carolina Horliana
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil.
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Tiznobaik A, Taheri S, Torkzaban P, Ghaleiha A, Soltanian AR, Omrani R, Shirinzad M. Relationship between dental plaque formation and salivary cortisol level in pregnant women. Eur Oral Res 2019; 53:62-66. [PMID: 31309195 PMCID: PMC6614692 DOI: 10.26650/eor.20192484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Understanding how increased level of salivary cortisol contributes to the
development of dental biofilm during pregnancy can help inthe prevention of
dental caries and periodontal diseases. This study aims to evaluate the relationship
between salivary cortisol level and dental biofilm formation in pregnant women. Patients and methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in Hamadan, Iran in 2011. Forty
consecutive pregnant women with no history of abortion, stillbirth, or any known
physical or psychological disorders at weeks 25 and 33 of gestation were included.
Salivary samples were collected for measurement of cortisol levels by Enzyme
Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay (ELISA) method. The amount and extension of
dental biofilms were determined by using a disclosing agent. Data were analyzed
using descriptive and analytical statistics in SPSS version 16. Results: The mean levels of salivary cortisol at weeks 25 and 33 of gestation were respectively,
2.45 ± 1.56 μg/dl and 5.24 ± 4.07 μg/dl which demonstrates a significant difference
(P<0.001). Evaluation of dental biofilm at two time intervals revealed a significant
increase in amount of dental biofilm at week 33 of gestational period (34.65 ± 10.9%
vs. 42.45 ± 12.35%, P<0.001). Elevated levels of dental biofilm were significantly
correlated with salivary cortisol levels at week 33 (r=0.494, P=0.001),however, it was
not significant at week 25 of gestation (r=0.148, P=0.361). Conclusion: The findings suggested that increased levels of salivary cortisol can predict dental
biofilm formation and accumulation in pregnant women in the last weeks of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Tiznobaik
- Department of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.Iran.,Department of Midwifery, Maternity and Child Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan.Iran
| | - Safoura Taheri
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam.Iran
| | - Parviz Torkzaban
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan.Iran
| | - Ali Ghaleiha
- Research center for Behavioral disorders and substance abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan.Iran
| | - Ali Reza Soltanian
- Modeling of non-communicable diseases research center, school of public health, Hamadan University of Medical science, Hamadan.Iran
| | - Reza Omrani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan.Iran
| | - Mehdi Shirinzad
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan.Iran
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Li J, Shen Z, Xu WYT, Lam WYH, Hsung RTC, Pow EHN, Kosuge K, Wang Z. A Compact Dental Robotic System Using Soft Bracing Technique. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2019.2894864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chaves JDP, Figueredo TFM, Warnavin SVSC, Pannuti CM, Steffens JP. Sex hormone replacement therapy in periodontology-A systematic review. Oral Dis 2019; 26:270-284. [PMID: 30739380 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse whether sex hormone replacement therapy (HRT) improves periodontal parameters and dental implants osseointegration in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic databases and hand searches were performed from June to August 2018 in SciELO, LILACS and PubMed/MEDLINE. Human observational and interventional studies that evaluated the following parameters were included: clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), radiographic bone loss (RBL) or osseointegration. RESULTS Initial search retrieved 1,282 non-duplicated articles. Fifteen studies were selected after inclusion criteria were applied. All studies were performed in postmenopausal women. Mean differences for PPD reduction ranged from 0.02 to 0.2 mm in HRT-positive patients; mean CAL gain -0.18 to 0.54 mm; mean RBL reduction -0.87 to 0.15 mm; and mean BOP reduction 9%-30.3%. Failure rate of dental implants increased -5.5% to 11.21% when HRT was used. CONCLUSIONS Very low but consistent evidence suggests a reduction in BOP and no impact on RBL in postmenopausal women receiving HRT. There are inconsistent reports that suggest that HRT in postmenopausal women: (a) improves or does not impact PPD reduction and CAL gain; and (b) does not impact or increase implant loss. In summary, there is no evidence to support HRT prescription for either men or women for periodontal/implant placement purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - João Paulo Steffens
- Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt signal pathway resists the apoptosis and inflammation in human extravillous trophoblasts induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis. Mol Immunol 2018; 104:100-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Impact of DNA extraction method and targeted 16S-rRNA hypervariable region on oral microbiota profiling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16321. [PMID: 30397210 PMCID: PMC6218491 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplification and sequencing of 16S amplicons are widely used for profiling the structure of oral microbiota. However, it remains not clear whether and to what degree DNA extraction and targeted 16S rRNA hypervariable regions influence the analysis. Based on a mock community consisting of five oral bacterial species in equal abundance, we compared the 16S amplicon sequencing results on the Illumina MiSeq platform from six frequently employed DNA extraction procedures and three pairs of widely used 16S rRNA hypervariable primers targeting different 16S rRNA regions. Technical reproducibility of selected 16S regions was also assessed. DNA extraction method exerted considerable influence on the observed bacterial diversity while hypervariable regions had a relatively minor effect. Protocols with beads added to the enzyme-mediated DNA extraction reaction produced more accurate bacterial community structure than those without either beads or enzymes. Hypervariable regions targeting V3-V4 and V4-V5 seemed to produce more reproducible results than V1-V3. Neither sequencing batch nor change of operator affected the reproducibility of bacterial diversity profiles. Therefore, DNA extraction strategy and 16S rDNA hypervariable regions both influenced the results of oral microbiota biodiversity profiling, thus should be carefully considered in study design and data interpretation.
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Khammissa RAG, Ballyram R, Jadwat Y, Fourie J, Lemmer J, Feller L. Vitamin D Deficiency as It Relates to Oral Immunity and Chronic Periodontitis. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:7315797. [PMID: 30364037 PMCID: PMC6188726 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7315797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The biologically active form of vitamin D, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) and its receptor, the vitamin D receptor (VDR), play roles in maintaining oral immunity and the integrity of the periodontium. Results of observational cross-sectional clinical studies investigating the association between vitamin D serum level and the incidence and severity of chronic periodontitis indicate that, perhaps owing to the immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties of 1,25(OH)2 D/VDR signalling, a sufficient serum level of vitamin D is necessary for the maintenance of periodontal health. In cases of established chronic periodontitis, vitamin D supplementation is associated with reduction in the severity of periodontitis. As cross-sectional studies provide only weak evidence for any causal association and therefore are of questionable value, either longitudinal cohort studies, case controlled studies, or randomized control trials are needed to determine whether or not deficiency of vitamin D is a risk factor for chronic periodontitis, and whether or not vitamin D supplementation adjunctive to standard periodontal treatment is in any way beneficial. In this article, we discuss the relationship between vitamin D, oral immunity and periodontal disease and review the rationale for using vitamin D supplementation to help maintain periodontal health and as an adjunct to standard periodontal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. A. G. Khammissa
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
| | - R. Ballyram
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
| | - Y. Jadwat
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
| | - J. Fourie
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
| | - J. Lemmer
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
| | - L. Feller
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
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Cross BW, Ruhl S. Glycan recognition at the saliva - oral microbiome interface. Cell Immunol 2018; 333:19-33. [PMID: 30274839 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The mouth is a first critical interface where most potentially harmful substances or pathogens contact the host environment. Adaptive and innate immune defense mechanisms are established there to inactivate or eliminate pathogenic microbes that traverse the oral environment on the way to their target organs and tissues. Protein and glycoprotein components of saliva play a particularly important role in modulating the oral microbiota and helping with the clearance of pathogens. It has long been acknowledged that glycobiological and glycoimmunological aspects play a pivotal role in oral host-microbe, microbe-host, and microbe-microbe interactions in the mouth. In this review, we aim to delineate how glycan-mediated host defense mechanisms in the oral cavity support human health. We will describe the role of glycans attached to large molecular size salivary glycoproteins which act as a first line of primordial host defense in the human mouth. We will further discuss how glycan recognition contributes to both colonization and clearance of oral microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Cross
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Stefan Ruhl
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.
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Miquel S, Aspiras M, Day JEL. Does reduced mastication influence cognitive and systemic health during aging? Physiol Behav 2018; 188:239-250. [PMID: 29452151 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing body of literature which suggests that oral health and mastication can influence cognitive and systemic health during aging. However, it is currently unclear whether oral health, masticatory efficiency, cognitive health and systemic health merely deteriorate independently with age, or whether mechanisms exist linking mastication to cognitive and systemic health directly. The aim of this paper is to review the extent to which reduced mastication influences cognitive and systemic health during aging because this knowledge may underpin future interventions that improve quality of life. Current evidence suggests that a deterioration in mastication and oral health during aging can have: 1) direct effects on systemic health through mechanisms such as the migration of the oral microbiota into the systemic environment, and 2) indirect effects on systemic health through changes nutrient intake. A loss of teeth and reduction in masticatory efficiency during aging can have: 1) direct effects on cognitive performance and potentially impact cognitive health through mechanisms such as enhanced adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and 2) indirect effects on cognitive health through changes in nutrient intake. It is concluded that oral health and masticatory efficiency are modifiable factors which influence the risk poor cognitive and systemic health during aging, although it is currently premature to propose chewing-based interventions to slow the rate of cognitive decline and improve cognitive health during aging. Future research should include large-scale longitudinal studies which control for the types of confounding factors which concurrently influence the association between mastication and cognitive and systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Miquel
- Mars Wrigley Confectionery, 1132 West Blackhawk Street, Chicago, IL 60642, USA.
| | - Marcelo Aspiras
- Mars Wrigley Confectionery, 1132 West Blackhawk Street, Chicago, IL 60642, USA
| | - Jon E L Day
- Cerebrus Associates, The White House, 2 Meadrow, Godalming, Surrey GU7 3HN, United Kingdom
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Boyapati R, Chinthalapani S, Ramisetti A, Salavadhi SS, Ramachandran R. Association of pentraxin and high-sensitive C-reactive protein as inflammatory biomarkers in patients with chronic periodontitis and peripheral arterial disease. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2018; 22:112-115. [PMID: 29769764 PMCID: PMC5939017 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_290_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Inflammation is a common feature of both peripheral artery disease (PAD) and periodontal disease. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between PAD and periodontal disease by examining the levels of inflammatory cytokines, pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein from serum. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients were divided into two groups: those with PAD (test group) and those with the non-PAD group (control group) based on ankle–brachial index values. Periodontal examinations and biochemical analysis for PTX-3 and high-sensitive C-reactive protein were performed to compare the two groups. Statistical Analysis Used: All the obtained data were sent for statistical analyses using SPSS version 18. Results: In the clinical parameters, there is statistically significant difference present between plaque index, clinical attachment loss, and periodontal inflammatory surface area with higher mean values in patients with PAD having periodontitis. There is statistical significant (P < 0.01) difference in all biochemical parameters (P < 0.05) considered in the study between PAD patients and non-PAD patients with higher mean values of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and PTX-3. Conclusion: PTX-3 and acute-phase cytokine such as hs-CRP can be regarded as one of the best indicators to show the association between the PAD and periodontitis followed by hs-CRP, TC, very LDL (VLDL), and LDL. However, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a poor indicator for its association with chronic periodontitis and PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arpita Ramisetti
- Department of Periodontics, Mamata Dental College, Khammam, Telangana, India
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Mowat S, Hein C, Walsh T, MacDonald L, Grymonpre R, Sisler J. Changing Health Professionals’ Attitudes and Practice Behaviors Through Interprofessional Continuing Education in Oral-Systemic Health. J Dent Educ 2017; 81:1421-1429. [DOI: 10.21815/jde.017.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Mowat
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology; University of Western Ontario
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Manitoba
| | - Casey Hein
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Manitoba
| | - Tanya Walsh
- International Centre for Oral-Systemic Health, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Manitoba
| | - Laura MacDonald
- School of Dental Hygiene, College of Dentistry; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Manitoba
| | - Ruby Grymonpre
- College of Pharmacy; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Manitoba
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Saint Onge JM, Krueger PM. Health Lifestyle Behaviors among U.S. Adults. SSM Popul Health 2017; 3:89-98. [PMID: 28785602 PMCID: PMC5544030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing research that studies individual health behaviors and conceive of behaviors as simplistically reflecting narrow intentions toward health may obscure the social organization of health behaviors. Instead, we examine how eight health behaviors group together to form distinct health behavior niches. Using nationally-representative data from U.S. adults aged 18 and over from the 2004-2009 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), we use Latent Class Analysis to identify classes of behavior based on smoking status, alcohol use, physical activity, physician visits, and flu vaccination. We identify 7 distinct health behavior classes including concordant health promoting (44%), concordant health compromising (26%), and discordant classes (30%). We find significant race/ethnic, sex, regional, and age differences in class membership. We show that health behavior classes are associated with prospective mortality, suggesting that they are valid representations of health lifestyles. We discuss the implications of our results for sociological theories of health behaviors, as well as for multiple behavior interventions seeking to improve population health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick M. Krueger
- University of Colorado at Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
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50
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Measelle JR, Ablow JC. Contributions of early adversity to pro-inflammatory phenotype in infancy: the buffer provided by attachment security. Attach Hum Dev 2017; 20:1-23. [DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2017.1362657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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