1
|
Contestable JJ, Lim GFS, Willenbrink T, Zitelli JA, Brodland DG. Mohs for Melanoma: A Review of MART-1 Frozen Section Interpretation. Dermatol Surg 2024:00042728-990000000-00867. [PMID: 38975654 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000004312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mohs surgery for melanoma has been performed for many decades, but advances in the use of immunohistochemistry with frozen sections during Mohs surgery have allowed for more accurate, reliable, and efficient margin assessment with improved local control of the disease. OBJECTIVE To describe the use of MART-1 in treating melanoma with Mohs surgery and serve as a primer for the Mohs surgeon adding melanoma cases to their repertoire. MATERIALS AND METHODS Review of the literature and discussion of experience with Mohs for melanoma. RESULTS Practical approach and pitfalls when assessing margins using MART-1 immunohistochemistry during Mohs surgery for the treatment of melanoma. CONCLUSION Mohs for melanoma is an expanding field-education of Mohs surgeons and increasing the practice of this technique has the potential to improve patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James J Contestable
- Department of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Geoffrey F S Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Otolaryngology, and Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tyler Willenbrink
- Department of Dermatology, Otolaryngology, and Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John A Zitelli
- Department of Dermatology, Otolaryngology, and Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David G Brodland
- Department of Dermatology, Otolaryngology, and Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rubio AO, Stuckert AMM, Geralds B, Nielsen R, MacManes MD, Summers K. What Makes a Mimic? Orange, Red, and Black Color Production in the Mimic Poison Frog (Ranitomeya imitator). Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae123. [PMID: 38874406 PMCID: PMC11255871 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Aposematic organisms rely on their conspicuous appearance to signal that they are defended and unpalatable. Such phenotypes are strongly tied to survival and reproduction. Aposematic colors and patterns are highly variable; however, the genetic, biochemical, and physiological mechanisms producing this conspicuous coloration remain largely unidentified. Here, we identify genes potentially affecting color variation in two color morphs of Ranitomeya imitator: the orange-banded Sauce and the redheaded Varadero morphs. We examine gene expression in black and orange skin patches from the Sauce morph and black and red skin patches from the Varadero morph. We identified genes differentially expressed between skin patches, including those that are involved in melanin synthesis (e.g. mlana, pmel, tyrp1), iridophore development (e.g. paics, ppat, ak1), pteridine synthesis (e.g. gch1, pax3-a, xdh), and carotenoid metabolism (e.g. dgat2, rbp1, scarb2). In addition, using weighted correlation network analysis, we identified the top 50 genes with high connectivity from the most significant network associated with gene expression differences between color morphs. Of these 50 genes, 13 were known to be related to color production (gch1, gmps, gpr143, impdh1, mc1r, pax3-a, pax7, ppat, rab27a, rlbp1, tfec, trpm1, xdh).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O Rubio
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Adam M M Stuckert
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - BreAnn Geralds
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Rasmus Nielsen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matthew D MacManes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Kyle Summers
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fazio J, Heras A, Stein E, Zitelli J. Melanoma Antigen Recognized by T Cells With Blue Chromogen Improves Identification of Melanocytes From Background Melanized Keratinocytes on Frozen Sections. Dermatol Surg 2023; 49:709-711. [PMID: 37184458 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000003822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Fazio
- Zitelli and Brodland, P.C., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Eric Stein
- Zitelli and Brodland, P.C., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John Zitelli
- Departments of Dermatology
- Otolaryngology and
- Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Villarreal-Reyna G, Garza-Morales R, Soto-Domínguez A, Montañez-Guerrero L, Saucedo-Cárdenas O, Gómez-Flores M, Ocampo-Garza JA, Pérez-Trujillo JJ, Montes-de-Oca-Luna R. Cerebrolysin induces hair repigmentation associated to MART-1/Melan-A reactivation. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:257. [PMID: 36411485 PMCID: PMC9677656 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00889-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair graying, a prototypical sign of human aging, is a progressive loss of pigmentation from growing hair shafts caused by disease and as a side effect of medications. Cerebrolysin is a neuropeptide preparation that mimics the effect of endogenous neurotrophic factors. Cerebrolysin has been widely used in neurologic conditions, such as cerebral stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia, among others. Cerebrolysin treatment has achieved to regain or maintain the cognitive ability of affected patients; however, up to date, there are no reports about the reactivation of hair pigmentation. We describe a previously not described effect occurring on patients receiving Cerebrolysin treatment for neurologic diseases and whether this effect is associated in reactivation of melanocytes and melanin expression. Here, we report five patients (mean age, 70.6 years), who also had age-related hair graying and scalp hair repigmentation during Cerebrolysin treatment. Macroscopic analysis revealed hair repigmentation consisted in diffuse darkening of the scalp hair. Impregnation and immunostaining analysis were performed on scalp biopsies taken before and after Cerebrolysin treatment; the results showed greater melanin and melanocyte marker MART-1/Melan-A staining following Cerebrolysin treatment. We present, to our knowledge, the first report on hair repigmentation is a previously not described effect occurring following Cerebrolysin treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodolfo Garza-Morales
- grid.411455.00000 0001 2203 0321Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon Mexico
| | - Adolfo Soto-Domínguez
- grid.411455.00000 0001 2203 0321Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon Mexico
| | | | - Odila Saucedo-Cárdenas
- grid.411455.00000 0001 2203 0321Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon Mexico
| | - Minerva Gómez-Flores
- grid.464574.00000 0004 1760 058XService of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon Mexico
| | - Jorge Alejandro Ocampo-Garza
- grid.464574.00000 0004 1760 058XService of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon Mexico
| | - José Juan Pérez-Trujillo
- grid.411455.00000 0001 2203 0321Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon Mexico
| | - Roberto Montes-de-Oca-Luna
- grid.411455.00000 0001 2203 0321Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jara E, Peñagaricano F, Armstrong E, Menezes C, Tardiz L, Rodons G, Iriarte A. Identification of Long Noncoding RNAs Involved in Eyelid Pigmentation of Hereford Cattle. Front Genet 2022; 13:864567. [PMID: 35601493 PMCID: PMC9114348 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.864567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Several ocular pathologies in cattle, such as ocular squamous cell carcinoma and infectious keratoconjunctivitis, have been associated with low pigmentation of the eyelids. The main objective of this study was to analyze the transcriptome of eyelid skin in Hereford cattle using strand-specific RNA sequencing technology to characterize and identify long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). We compared the expression of lncRNAs between pigmented and unpigmented eyelids and analyzed the interaction of lncRNAs and putative target genes to reveal the genetic basis underlying eyelid pigmentation in cattle. We predicted 4,937 putative lncRNAs mapped to the bovine reference genome, enriching the catalog of lncRNAs in Bos taurus. We found 27 differentially expressed lncRNAs between pigmented and unpigmented eyelids, suggesting their involvement in eyelid pigmentation. In addition, we revealed potential links between some significant differentially expressed lncRNAs and target mRNAs involved in the immune response and pigmentation. Overall, this study expands the catalog of lncRNAs in cattle and contributes to a better understanding of the biology of eyelid pigmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Jara
- Unidad de Genética y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Francisco Peñagaricano
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Eileen Armstrong
- Unidad de Genética y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Claudia Menezes
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Metabolismo Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Tardiz
- Unidad de Genética y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gastón Rodons
- Unidad de Genética y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Iriarte
- Laboratorio de Biología Computacional, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- *Correspondence: Andrés Iriarte,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang M, Johnsson P, Bräutigam L, Yang XR, Thrane K, Gao J, Tobin NP, Zhou Y, Yu R, Nagy N, Engström PG, Tuominen R, Eriksson H, Lundeberg J, Tucker MA, Goldstein AM, Egyhazi-Brage S, Zhao J, Cao Y, Höiom V. Novel loss-of-function variant in DENND5A impedes melanosomal cargo transport and predisposes to familial cutaneous melanoma. Genet Med 2022; 24:157-169. [PMID: 34906508 PMCID: PMC10617683 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE More than half of the familial cutaneous melanomas have unknown genetic predisposition. This study aims at characterizing a novel melanoma susceptibility gene. METHODS We performed exome and targeted sequencing in melanoma-prone families without any known melanoma susceptibility genes. We analyzed the expression of candidate gene DENND5A in melanoma samples in relation to pigmentation and UV signature. Functional studies were carried out using microscopic approaches and zebrafish model. RESULTS We identified a novel DENND5A truncating variant that segregated with melanoma in a Swedish family and 2 additional rare DENND5A variants, 1 of which segregated with the disease in an American family. We found that DENND5A is significantly enriched in pigmented melanoma tissue. Our functional studies show that loss of DENND5A function leads to decrease in melanin content in vitro and pigmentation defects in vivo. Mechanistically, harboring the truncating variant or being suppressed leads to DENND5A losing its interaction with SNX1 and its ability to transport the SNX1-associated vesicles from melanosomes. Consequently, untethered SNX1-premelanosome protein and redundant tyrosinase are redirected to lysosomal degradation by default, causing decrease in melanin content. CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence of a physiological role of DENND5A in the skin context and link its variants to melanoma susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muyi Yang
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Johnsson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Bräutigam
- Comparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kim Thrane
- Department of Gene Technology, SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiwei Gao
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas P Tobin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yitian Zhou
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rong Yu
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noemi Nagy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pär G Engström
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, SciLifeLab, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rainer Tuominen
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Eriksson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Lundeberg
- Department of Gene Technology, SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margaret A Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronica Höiom
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Minnoye L, Taskiran II, Mauduit D, Fazio M, Van Aerschot L, Hulselmans G, Christiaens V, Makhzami S, Seltenhammer M, Karras P, Primot A, Cadieu E, van Rooijen E, Marine JC, Egidy G, Ghanem GE, Zon L, Wouters J, Aerts S. Cross-species analysis of enhancer logic using deep learning. Genome Res 2020; 30:1815-1834. [PMID: 32732264 PMCID: PMC7706731 DOI: 10.1101/gr.260844.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the genomic regulatory code of enhancers is a key challenge in biology because this code underlies cellular identity. A better understanding of how enhancers work will improve the interpretation of noncoding genome variation and empower the generation of cell type-specific drivers for gene therapy. Here, we explore the combination of deep learning and cross-species chromatin accessibility profiling to build explainable enhancer models. We apply this strategy to decipher the enhancer code in melanoma, a relevant case study owing to the presence of distinct melanoma cell states. We trained and validated a deep learning model, called DeepMEL, using chromatin accessibility data of 26 melanoma samples across six different species. We show the accuracy of DeepMEL predictions on the CAGI5 challenge, where it significantly outperforms existing models on the melanoma enhancer of IRF4 Next, we exploit DeepMEL to analyze enhancer architectures and identify accurate transcription factor binding sites for the core regulatory complexes in the two different melanoma states, with distinct roles for each transcription factor, in terms of nucleosome displacement or enhancer activation. Finally, DeepMEL identifies orthologous enhancers across distantly related species, where sequence alignment fails, and the model highlights specific nucleotide substitutions that underlie enhancer turnover. DeepMEL can be used from the Kipoi database to predict and optimize candidate enhancers and to prioritize enhancer mutations. In addition, our computational strategy can be applied to other cancer or normal cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Minnoye
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ibrahim Ihsan Taskiran
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Mauduit
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maurizio Fazio
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Linde Van Aerschot
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Disease Mechanisms in Cancer, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert Hulselmans
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valerie Christiaens
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samira Makhzami
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Monika Seltenhammer
- Center for Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Division of Livestock Sciences (NUWI) - BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Panagiotis Karras
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Oncology KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aline Primot
- CNRS-University of Rennes 1, UMR6290, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, Faculty of Medicine, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Edouard Cadieu
- CNRS-University of Rennes 1, UMR6290, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, Faculty of Medicine, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Ellen van Rooijen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Oncology KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giorgia Egidy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRA, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Ghanem-Elias Ghanem
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leonard Zon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jasper Wouters
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stein Aerts
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Benito-Martínez S, Zhu Y, Jani RA, Harper DC, Marks MS, Delevoye C. Research Techniques Made Simple: Cell Biology Methods for the Analysis of Pigmentation. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:257-268.e8. [PMID: 31980058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pigmentation of the skin and hair represents the result of melanin biosynthesis within melanosomes of epidermal melanocytes, followed by the transfer of mature melanin granules to adjacent keratinocytes within the basal layer of the epidermis. Natural variation in these processes produces the diversity of skin and hair color among human populations, and defects in these processes lead to diseases such as oculocutaneous albinism. While genetic regulators of pigmentation have been well studied in human and animal models, we are still learning much about the cell biological features that regulate melanogenesis, melanosome maturation, and melanosome motility in melanocytes, and have barely scratched the surface in our understanding of melanin transfer from melanocytes to keratinocytes. Herein, we describe cultured cell model systems and common assays that have been used by investigators to dissect these features and that will hopefully lead to additional advances in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Benito-Martínez
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Yueyao Zhu
- Department of Biology Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Riddhi Atul Jani
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Dawn C Harper
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bruders R, Van Hollebeke H, Osborne EJ, Kronenberg Z, Maclary E, Yandell M, Shapiro MD. A copy number variant is associated with a spectrum of pigmentation patterns in the rock pigeon (Columba livia). PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008274. [PMID: 32433666 PMCID: PMC7239393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rock pigeons (Columba livia) display an extraordinary array of pigment pattern variation. One such pattern, Almond, is characterized by a variegated patchwork of plumage colors that are distributed in an apparently random manner. Almond is a sex-linked, semi-dominant trait controlled by the classical Stipper (St) locus. Heterozygous males (ZStZ+ sex chromosomes) and hemizygous Almond females (ZStW) are favored by breeders for their attractive plumage. In contrast, homozygous Almond males (ZStZSt) develop severe eye defects and often lack plumage pigmentation, suggesting that higher dosage of the mutant allele is deleterious. To determine the molecular basis of Almond, we compared the genomes of Almond pigeons to non-Almond pigeons and identified a candidate St locus on the Z chromosome. We found a copy number variant (CNV) within the differentiated region that captures complete or partial coding sequences of four genes, including the melanosome maturation gene Mlana. We did not find fixed coding changes in genes within the CNV, but all genes are misexpressed in regenerating feather bud collar cells of Almond birds. Notably, six other alleles at the St locus are associated with depigmentation phenotypes, and all exhibit expansion of the same CNV. Structural variation at St is linked to diversity in plumage pigmentation and gene expression, and thus provides a potential mode of rapid phenotypic evolution in pigeons. The genetic changes responsible for different animal color patterns are poorly understood, due in part to a paucity of research organisms that are both genetically tractable and phenotypically diverse. Domestic pigeons (Columba livia) have been artificially selected for many traits, including an enormous variety of color patterns that are variable both within and among different breeds of this single species. We investigated the genetic basis of a sex-linked color pattern in pigeons called Almond that is characterized by a sprinkled pattern of plumage pigmentation. Pigeons with one copy of the Almond allele have desirable color pattern; however, male pigeons with two copies of the Almond mutation have severely depleted pigmentation and congenital eye defects. By comparing the genomes of Almond and non-Almond pigeons, we discovered that Almond pigeons have extra copies of a chromosome region that contains a gene that is critical for the formation of pigment granules. We also found that different numbers of copies of this region are associated with varying degrees of pigment reduction. The Almond phenotype in pigeons bears a remarkable resemblance to Merle coat color mutants in dogs, and our new results from pigeons suggest that similar genetic mechanisms underlie these traits in both species. Our work highlights the role of gene copy number variation as a potential driver of rapid phenotypic evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Bruders
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Hannah Van Hollebeke
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Edward J. Osborne
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Zev Kronenberg
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Emily Maclary
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Mark Yandell
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Shapiro
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Transcriptomic Analysis of Coding Genes and Non-Coding RNAs Reveals Complex Regulatory Networks Underlying the Black Back and White Belly Coat Phenotype in Chinese Wuzhishan Pigs. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10030201. [PMID: 30866582 PMCID: PMC6470719 DOI: 10.3390/genes10030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Coat color is one of the most important characteristics for distinguishing Chinese indigenous pig breeds. In Wuzhishan pigs, the animals have black on the back and white on the abdomen. However, the molecular genetic basis of this phenotype is unclear. In this study, we used high-throughput RNA sequencing to compare expression profiles of coding and non-coding RNAs from white and black skin samples obtained from individual Wuzhishan pigs. The expression profiling revealed that 194 lncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs), 189 mRNAs (messenger RNAs), and 162 miRNAs (microRNAs) had significantly different levels of expression (|log2 fold change| > 1, p-value < 0.05) in white and black skin. Compared to RNA levels in black skin, white skin had higher levels of expression of 185 lncRNAs, 181 mRNAs, and 23 miRNAs and lower levels of expression of 9 lncRNAs, 8 mRNAs, and 139 miRNAs. Functional analysis suggested that the differentially expressed transcripts are involved in biological processes such as melanin biosynthesis, pigmentation and tyrosine metabolism. Several key genes involved in melanogenesis, including MLANA, PMEL, TYR, TYRP1, DTC, TRPM1 and CAMK2A, had significantly different levels of expression in the two skin tissues. Potential lncRNA–miRNA–gene interactions were also examined. A total of 15 lncRNAs, 11 miRNAs and 7 genes formed 23 lncRNA–miRNA–gene pairs, suggesting that complex regulatory networks of coding and non-coding genes underlie the coat color trait in Wuzhishan pigs. Our study provides a foundation for understanding how lncRNA, miRNA and genes interact to regulate coat color in black-back/white-belly pigs. We also constructed lncRNA–miRNA–gene interaction networks to elucidate the complex molecular mechanisms underlying skin physiology and melanogenesis. The results extend our knowledge about the diversity of coat color among different domestic animals and provide a foundation for studying novel mechanisms that control coat color in Chinese indigenous pigs.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mohammadpour A, Derakhshan M, Darabi H, Hedayat P, Momeni M. Melanoma: Where we are and where we go. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3307-3320. [PMID: 30362507 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is known as an aggressive tumor which shows an increasing incidence and poor prognosis in the metastatic phase. Hence, it seems that diagnosis and effective management (including early diagnosis, choosing of the effective therapeutic platform, caring, and training of patients for early detection) are major aspects of melanoma therapy. Early detection of melanoma is a key point for melanoma therapy. There are various diagnosis options such as assessing of biopsy, imaging techniques, and biomarkers (i.e., several proteins, polymorphism, and liquid biopsy). Among the various biomarkers, assessing circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNAs, cell-free RNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as powerful diagnosis tools for melanoma patients. Deregulations of these molecules are associated with melanoma pathogenesis. After detection of melanoma, choosing of effective therapeutic regimen is a key step for recovery of melanoma patients. Several studies indicated that various therapeutic approaches including surgery, immunotherapy, systematic therapy, radiation therapy and antibodies therapy could be used as potential therapeutic candidates for melanoma therapy. Caring for melanoma patients is one of the important components of melanoma therapy. Caring and training for melanoma patients could contribute to better monitoring of patients in response to various therapeutic options. Here, we summarized various diagnosis approaches such as assessing biopsy, imaging techniques, and utilization of various biomarkers (i.e., proteins, CTCs, cfDNAs, and miRNAs) as a diagnostic biomarker for detection and monitoring patients with melanoma. Moreover, we highlighted various therapeutic options and caring aspects in patients with melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammadpour
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Maryam Derakhshan
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hassan Darabi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pegah Hedayat
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Momeni
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liggins MC, Flesher JL, Jahid S, Vasudeva P, Eby V, Takasuga S, Sasaki J, Sasaki T, Boissy RE, Ganesan AK. PIKfyve regulates melanosome biogenesis. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007290. [PMID: 29584722 PMCID: PMC5889185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PIKfyve, VAC14, and FIG4 form a complex that catalyzes the production of PI(3,5)P2, a signaling lipid implicated in process ranging from lysosome maturation to neurodegeneration. While previous studies have identified VAC14 and FIG4 mutations that lead to both neurodegeneration and coat color defects, how PIKfyve regulates melanogenesis is unknown. In this study, we sought to better understand the role of PIKfyve in melanosome biogenesis. Melanocyte-specific PIKfyve knockout mice exhibit greying of the mouse coat and the accumulation of single membrane vesicle structures in melanocytes resembling multivesicular endosomes. PIKfyve inhibition blocks melanosome maturation, the processing of the melanosome protein PMEL, and the trafficking of the melanosome protein TYRP1. Taken together, these studies identify a novel role for PIKfyve in controlling the delivery of proteins from the endosomal compartment to the melanosome, a role that is distinct from the role of PIKfyve in the reformation of lysosomes from endolysosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc C. Liggins
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Jessica L. Flesher
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Sohail Jahid
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Priya Vasudeva
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Victoria Eby
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Shunsuke Takasuga
- Department of Medical Biology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Junko Sasaki
- Department of Medical Biology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Takehiko Sasaki
- Department of Medical Biology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Raymond E. Boissy
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Anand K. Ganesan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Spontaneous regression of malignant melanoma - is it based on the interplay between host immune system and melanoma antigens? Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:819-830. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
14
|
Patwardhan A, Bardin S, Miserey-Lenkei S, Larue L, Goud B, Raposo G, Delevoye C. Routing of the RAB6 secretory pathway towards the lysosome related organelle of melanocytes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15835. [PMID: 28607494 PMCID: PMC5474736 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exocytic carriers convey neo-synthesized components from the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface. While the release and anterograde movement of Golgi-derived vesicles require the small GTPase RAB6, its effector ELKS promotes the targeting and docking of secretory vesicles to particular areas of the plasma membrane. Here, we show that specialized cell types exploit and divert the secretory pathway towards lysosome related organelles. In cultured melanocytes, the secretory route relies on RAB6 and ELKS to directly transport and dock Golgi-derived carriers to melanosomes. By delivering specific cargos, such as MART-1 and TYRP2/ DCT, the RAB6/ELKS-dependent secretory pathway controls the formation and maturation of melanosomes but also pigment synthesis. In addition, pigmentation defects are observed in RAB6 KO mice. Our data together reveal for the first time that the secretory pathway can be directed towards intracellular organelles of endosomal origin to ensure their biogenesis and function. The anterograde movement of Golgi-derived vesicles requires the small GTPase RAB6, while its effector ELKS targets these vesicles to particular areas of the plasma membrane. Here the authors show that RAB6 and ELKS function in the biogenesis of melanosome, demonstrating that the secretory pathway can be directed towards intracellular organelles of endosomal origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Patwardhan
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Sabine Bardin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Molecular Mechanisms of Intracellular Transport, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Stéphanie Miserey-Lenkei
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Molecular Mechanisms of Intracellular Transport, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Lionel Larue
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay 91405, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, Orsay 91405, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Bruno Goud
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Molecular Mechanisms of Intracellular Transport, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris F-75005, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Paris F-75005, France
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris F-75005, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Paris F-75005, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Use of New Techniques in Addition to IHC Applied to the Diagnosis of Melanocytic Lesions, With Emphasis on CGH, FISH, and Mass Spectrometry. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2017; 108:17-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
|
16
|
Nagarajan P, Tetzlaff M, Curry J, Prieto V. Use of New Techniques in Addition to IHC Applied to the Diagnosis of Melanocytic Lesions, With Emphasis on CGH, FISH, and Mass Spectrometry. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
17
|
Biochemical and proteomic characterization of retrovirus Gag based microparticles carrying melanoma antigens. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29425. [PMID: 27403717 PMCID: PMC4941533 DOI: 10.1038/srep29425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are membraneous particles released by a variety of cells into the extracellular microenvironment. Retroviruses utilize the cellular vesiculation pathway for virus budding/assembly and the retrovirus Gag protein induces the spontaneous formation of microvesicles or virus-like particles (VLPs) when expressed in the mammalian cells. In this study, five different melanoma antigens, MAGEA4, MAGEA10, MART1, TRP1 and MCAM, were incorporated into the VLPs and their localization within the particles was determined. Our data show that the MAGEA4 and MAGEA10 proteins as well as MCAM are expressed on the surface of VLPs. The compartmentalization of exogenously expressed cancer antigens within the VLPs did not depend on the localization of the protein within the cell. Comparison of the protein content of VLPs by LC-MS/MS-based label-free quantitative proteomics showed that VLPs carrying different cancer antigens are very similar to each other, but differ to some extent from VLPs without recombinant antigen. We suggest that retrovirus Gag based virus-like particles carrying recombinant antigens have a potential to be used in cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Schulman FY, Lipscomb TP, Atkin TJ. Canine Cutaneous Clear Cell Adnexal Carcinoma: Histopathology, Immunohistochemistry, and Biologic Behavior of 26 Cases. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 17:403-11. [PMID: 16312230 DOI: 10.1177/104063870501700501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty tumors including 27 distinctive cutaneous neoplasms and 3 metastatic tumors from 26 dogs were collected from diagnostic submissions to 3 laboratories. Characteristic histopathologic features included location in the subcutis or dermis (or both); lobular, nodular, and nest-like architecture; and a component of epithelioid cells with clear cytoplasm. Additional features present in most cases included follicular dermal papilla-like structures, low mitotic index, nuclear pleomorphism, necrosis, and mineralization. Cytoplasmic periodic acid Schiff—positivity, which was abolished by pretreatment with diastase, indicated the presence of glycogen in all cases. The oil red O stain did not demonstrate cytoplasmic lipid. Melanin granules, accentuated by the Fontana-Masson method, were observed infrequently. A sparsely cellular mucinous stroma and stromal cartilaginous differentiation were uncommon. By immunohistochemistry, neoplastic cells stained positively for cytokeratin (29 of 29), vimentin (28 of 28), S-100 protein (24 of 29), and melan A (8 of 12); results were negative for smooth muscle actin and calponin in all cases. Clinical follow-up information was obtained on all 26 dogs. One tumor recurred, 1 metastasized to a regional lymph node, and 1 metastasized to regional lymph nodes twice. In another case, possible pulmonary metastasis was noted radiographically. The findings are consistent with a poorly differentiated, low-grade, adnexal carcinoma of the skin. Similar canine cutaneous neoplasms have been reported as “clear-cell hidradenocarcinoma” and “follicular stem cell carcinoma.” The authors propose the designation “cutaneous clear cell adnexal carcinoma.”
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Y Schulman
- Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Washington, DC 20306-6000, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jung H, Chung H, Chang SE, Kang DH, Oh ES. FK506 regulates pigmentation by maturing the melanosome and facilitating their transfer to keratinocytes. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 29:199-209. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyejung Jung
- Department of Life Sciences; The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis; Ewha Womans University; Seoul Korea
| | - Heesung Chung
- Department of Life Sciences; The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis; Ewha Womans University; Seoul Korea
| | - Sung Eun Chang
- Department of Dermatology; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Duk-Hee Kang
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Internal Medicine; Ewha Medical Research Center; Ewha Womans University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Eok-Soo Oh
- Department of Life Sciences; The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis; Ewha Womans University; Seoul Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dennis MK, Mantegazza AR, Snir OL, Tenza D, Acosta-Ruiz A, Delevoye C, Zorger R, Sitaram A, de Jesus-Rojas W, Ravichandran K, Rux J, Sviderskaya EV, Bennett DC, Raposo G, Marks MS, Setty SRG. BLOC-2 targets recycling endosomal tubules to melanosomes for cargo delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 209:563-77. [PMID: 26008744 PMCID: PMC4442807 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201410026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative analyses of melanosome cargo localization and trafficking and of endosomal membrane dynamics in immortalized melanocytes from mouse Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome models show that BLOC-2 functions to specify the delivery of recycling endosomal cargo transport intermediates to maturing melanosomes. Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a group of disorders characterized by the malformation of lysosome-related organelles, such as pigment cell melanosomes. Three of nine characterized HPS subtypes result from mutations in subunits of BLOC-2, a protein complex with no known molecular function. In this paper, we exploit melanocytes from mouse HPS models to place BLOC-2 within a cargo transport pathway from recycling endosomal domains to maturing melanosomes. In BLOC-2–deficient melanocytes, the melanosomal protein TYRP1 was largely depleted from pigment granules and underwent accelerated recycling from endosomes to the plasma membrane and to the Golgi. By live-cell imaging, recycling endosomal tubules of wild-type melanocytes made frequent and prolonged contacts with maturing melanosomes; in contrast, tubules from BLOC-2–deficient cells were shorter in length and made fewer, more transient contacts with melanosomes. These results support a model in which BLOC-2 functions to direct recycling endosomal tubular transport intermediates to maturing melanosomes and thereby promote cargo delivery and optimal pigmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Dennis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Physiology, and Penn Vision Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Physiology, and Penn Vision Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Adriana R Mantegazza
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Physiology, and Penn Vision Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Physiology, and Penn Vision Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Olivia L Snir
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Physiology, and Penn Vision Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Physiology, and Penn Vision Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Danièle Tenza
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche; Structure and Membrane Compartments, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 144; and Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR144, Paris F-75248, France Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche; Structure and Membrane Compartments, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 144; and Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR144, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Amanda Acosta-Ruiz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Physiology, and Penn Vision Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Physiology, and Penn Vision Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche; Structure and Membrane Compartments, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 144; and Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR144, Paris F-75248, France Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche; Structure and Membrane Compartments, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 144; and Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR144, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Richard Zorger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Physiology, and Penn Vision Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Anand Sitaram
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Physiology, and Penn Vision Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Physiology, and Penn Vision Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Wilfredo de Jesus-Rojas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Physiology, and Penn Vision Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Physiology, and Penn Vision Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Keerthana Ravichandran
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India 560 012
| | - John Rux
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Physiology, and Penn Vision Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 In Silico Molecular, LLC, Blue Bell, PA 19422
| | - Elena V Sviderskaya
- Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, St. George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, England, UK
| | - Dorothy C Bennett
- Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, St. George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, England, UK
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche; Structure and Membrane Compartments, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 144; and Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR144, Paris F-75248, France Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche; Structure and Membrane Compartments, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 144; and Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR144, Paris F-75248, France Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche; Structure and Membrane Compartments, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 144; and Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR144, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Physiology, and Penn Vision Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Physiology, and Penn Vision Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Subba Rao Gangi Setty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Physiology, and Penn Vision Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India 560 012
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Romero P, Speiser DE, Rufer N. Deciphering the unusual HLA-A2/Melan-A/MART-1-specific TCR repertoire in humans. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:2567-70. [PMID: 25154881 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Melan-A/MART-1(26-35) antigenic peptide is one of the best studied human tumor-associated antigens. It is expressed in healthy melanocytes and malignant melanoma and is recognized by CD8(+) T cells in the context of the MHC class I molecule HLA-A*0201. While an unusually large repertoire of CD8(+) T cells specific for this antigen has been documented, the reasons for its generation have remained elusive. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Pinto et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2014. 44: 2811-2821] uncover one important mechanism by comparing the thymic expression of the Melan-A gene to that in the melanocyte lineage. This study shows that medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) dominantly express a truncated Melan-A transcript, the product of misinitiation of transcription. Consequently, the protein product in mTECs lacks the immunodominant epitope spanning residues 26-35, thus precluding central tolerance to this antigen. In contrast, melanocytes and melanoma tumor cells express almost exclusively the full-length Melan-A transcript, thus providing the target antigen for efficient recognition by HLA-A2-restricted CD8(+) T cells. The frequency of these alternative gene transcription modes may be more common than previously appreciated and may represent an important factor modulating the efficiency of central tolerance induction in the thymus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Romero
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Live-cell imaging reveals the endolysosomal system as a complex and highly dynamic network of interacting compartments. Distinct types of endosomes are discerned by kinetic, molecular, and morphological criteria. Although none of these criteria, or combinations thereof, can capture the full complexity of the endolysosomal system, they are extremely useful for experimental purposes. Some membrane domain specializations and specific morphological characteristics can only be seen by ultrastructural analysis after preparation for electron microscopy (EM). Immuno-EM allows a further discrimination of seemingly identical compartments by their molecular makeup. In this review we provide an overview of the ultrastructural characteristics and membrane organization of endosomal compartments, along with their organizing machineries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Klumperman
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris F-75248, France Structure and Membrane Compartments CNRS UMR144, Paris F-75248, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Naveh HP, Rao UNM, Butterfield LH. Melanoma-associated leukoderma - immunology in black and white? Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2013; 26:796-804. [PMID: 24010963 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is an 'immunogenic tumor', often highly infiltrated with lymphocytes, which are capable of inducing regression of the primary tumor. The commonly observed phenomenon of regression suggests substantial cross-talk between immune cells and transformed melanocytes. An immune response to melanocyte differentiation antigens common to transformed and normal melanocytes manifests clinically at distant sites as melanoma-associated vitiligo or halo nevi. Despite similar antigenic targets, the pathogenesis and prognosis differ between the different melanoma-associated leukodermas. Understanding immunologic cross-talk between melanocytes and the immune system will aid the development of approaches to combat melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Prag Naveh
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
MicroRNA-203 regulates melanosome transport and tyrosinase expression in melanoma cells by targeting kinesin superfamily protein 5b. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 134:461-469. [PMID: 23884313 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-203 is known to be downregulated and to act as an anti-oncomir in melanoma cells. At present, we found that exogenous miR-203 increased pigmentation and protein expression levels of the melanoma antigen recognized by T cells (Melan-As/MART1s) and/or tyrosinase (TYR) in the human melanoma cells tested. Inversely, treatment with an inhibitor of miR-203 downregulated the expression level of TYR. The target gene of miR-203 involved in the mechanism was kinesin superfamily protein 5b (kif5b), which was revealed by gene silencing using short interfering RNA and luciferase activity assay. Furthermore, immunocytochemistry showed obvious accumulation of melanosomes around nuclei of human melanoma Mewo cells transfected with miR-203 or siR-kif5b. Importantly, treatment with the miR-203 inhibitor, but not miR-203, exhibited effects on human epidermal melanocytes isolated from lightly pigmented adult skin similar to those on melanoma cells. In addition, the data indicated that exogenous miR-203 also negatively regulated the cAMP response element-binding protein 1 (CREB1)/microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)/Rab27a pathway, which is one of the main pathways active in melanoma cells. In conclusion, our data indicated that anti-oncogenic miR-203 had a pivotal role in melanoma through reducing melanosome transport and promoting melanogenesis by targeting kif5b and through negative regulation of the CREB1/MITF/Rab27a pathway.
Collapse
|
25
|
Setz C, Friedrich M, Hahn S, Dörrie J, Schaft N, Schuler G, Schubert U. Just one position-independent lysine residue can direct MelanA into proteasomal degradation following N-terminal fusion of ubiquitin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55567. [PMID: 23393593 PMCID: PMC3564756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
N-terminal stable in frame fusion of ubiquitin (Ub) has been shown to target the fusion protein for proteasomal degradation. This pathway, called the Ub fusion degradation (UFD), might also elevate MHC class I (MHC-I) antigen presentation of specific antigens. The UFD, mainly studied on cytosolic proteins, has been described to be mediated by polyubiquitination of specific lysine residues within the fused Ub moiety. Using the well characterized melanoma-specific antigen MelanA as a model protein, we analyzed the requirements of the UFD for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of a transmembrane protein. Here we show that fusion of the non-cleavable UbG76V variant to the N-terminus of MelanA results in rapid proteasomal degradation via the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway and, consequently, leads to an increased MHC-I antigen presentation. While lysine residues within Ub are dispensable for these effects, the presence of one single lysine residue, irrespectively of its location along the fusion protein, is sufficient to induce degradation of MelanA. These results show that the ubiquitination, ER to cytosol relocation and proteasomal degradation of a transmembrane protein can be increased by N-terminal fusion of Ub at the presence of at least one, position independent lysine residue. These findings are in contrast to the conventional wisdom concerning the UFD and indicate a new concept to target a protein into the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and thus for enhanced MHC-I antigen presentation, and might open up new possibilities in the development of tumor vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Setz
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melanie Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Hahn
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Dörrie
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niels Schaft
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerold Schuler
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schubert
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pizzurro GA, Madorsky Rowdo FP, Pujol-Lereis LM, Quesada-Allué LA, Copati AM, Roberti MP, Teillaud JL, Levy EM, Barrio MM, Mordoh J. High lipid content of irradiated human melanoma cells does not affect cytokine-matured dendritic cell function. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:3-15. [PMID: 22722447 PMCID: PMC11028717 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gamma irradiation is one of the methods used to sterilize melanoma cells prior to coculturing them with monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells in order to develop antitumor vaccines. However, the changes taking place in tumor cells after irradiation and their interaction with dendritic cells have been scarcely analyzed. We demonstrate here for the first time that after irradiation a fraction of tumor cells present large lipid bodies, which mainly contain triglycerides that are several-fold increased as compared to viable cells as determined by staining with Oil Red O and BODIPY 493/503 and by biochemical analysis. Phosphatidyl-choline, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine and sphingomyelin are also increased in the lipid bodies of irradiated cells. Lipid bodies do not contain the melanoma-associated antigen MART-1. After coculturing immature dendritic cells with irradiated melanoma cells, tumor cells tend to form clumps to which dendritic cells adhere. Under such conditions, dendritic cells are unable to act as stimulating cells in a mixed leukocyte reaction. However, when a maturation cocktail composed of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta and prostaglandin E2 is added to the coculture, the tumor cells clumps disaggregate, dendritic cells remain free in suspension and their ability to efficiently stimulate allogeneic lymphocytes is restored. These results help to understand the events following melanoma cell irradiation, shed light about interactions between irradiated cells and dendritic cells, and may help to develop optimized dendritic cell vaccines for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A Pizzurro
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas-Fundación Cáncer, Instituto Alexander Fleming, Cramer 1180, 1426, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Carcel-Trullols J, Aguilar-Gallardo C, Garcia-Alcalde F, Pardo-Cea MA, Dopazo J, Conesa A, Simón C. Transdifferentiation of MALME-3M and MCF-7 Cells toward Adipocyte-like Cells is Dependent on Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis. SPRINGERPLUS 2012; 1:44. [PMID: 23961369 PMCID: PMC3725915 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-1-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Enforced cell transdifferentiation of human cancer cells is a promising alternative to conventional chemotherapy. We previously identified albumin-associated lipid- and, more specifically, saturated fatty acid-induced transdifferentiation programs in human cancer cells (HCCLs). In this study, we further characterized the adipocyte-like cells, resulting from the transdifferentiation of human cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MALME-3M, and proposed a common mechanistic approach for these transdifferentiating programs. We showed the loss of pigmentation in MALME-3M cells treated with albumin-associated lipids, based on electron microscopic analysis, and the overexpression of perilipin 2 (PLIN2) by western blotting in MALME-3M and MCF-7 cells treated with unsaturated fatty acids. Comparing the gene expression profiles of naive melanoma MALME-3M cells and albumin-associated lipid-treated cells, based on RNA sequencing, we confirmed the transcriptional upregulation of some key adipogenic gene markers and also an alternative splicing of the adipogenic master regulator PPARG, that is probably related to the reported up regulated expression of the protein. Most importantly, these results also showed the upregulation of genes responsible for Clathrin (CLTC) and other adaptor-related proteins. An increase in CLTC expression in the transdifferentiated cells was confirmed by western blotting. Inactivation of CLTC by chlorpromazine (CHP), an inhibitor of CTLC mediated endocytosis (CME), and gene silencing by siRNAs, partially reversed the accumulation of neutral lipids observed in the transdifferentiated cells. These findings give a deeper insight into the phenotypic changes observed in HCCL to adipocyte-like transdifferentiation and point towards CME as a key pathway in distinct transdifferentiation programs. Disclosures Simon C and Aguilar-Gallardo C are co-inventors of the International Patent Application No. PCT/EP2011/004941 entitled “Methods for tumor treatment and adipogenesis differentiation”. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2193-1801-1-44) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Carcel-Trullols
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Department, Prince Felipe Research Centre (CIPF), Avda. Autopista del Saler, 16-3 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sitaram A, Marks MS. Mechanisms of protein delivery to melanosomes in pigment cells. Physiology (Bethesda) 2012; 27:85-99. [PMID: 22505665 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00043.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate pigment cells in the eye and skin are useful models for cell types that use specialized endosomal trafficking pathways to partition cargo proteins to unique lysosome-related organelles such as melanosomes. This review describes current models of protein trafficking required for melanosome biogenesis in mammalian melanocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Sitaram
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Barrio MM, Abes R, Colombo M, Pizzurro G, Boix C, Roberti MP, Gélizé E, Rodriguez-Zubieta M, Mordoh J, Teillaud JL. Human macrophages and dendritic cells can equally present MART-1 antigen to CD8(+) T cells after phagocytosis of gamma-irradiated melanoma cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40311. [PMID: 22768350 PMCID: PMC3388056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) can achieve cross-presentation of naturally-occurring tumor-associated antigens after phagocytosis and processing of dying tumor cells. They have been used in different clinical settings to vaccinate cancer patients. We have previously used gamma-irradiated MART-1 expressing melanoma cells as a source of antigens to vaccinate melanoma patients by injecting irradiated cells with BCG and GM-CSF or to load immature DC and use them as a vaccine. Other clinical trials have used IFN-gamma activated macrophage killer cells (MAK) to treat cancer patients. However, the clinical use of MAK has been based on their direct tumoricidal activity rather than on their ability to act as antigen-presenting cells to stimulate an adaptive antitumor response. Thus, in the present work, we compared the fate of MART-1 after phagocytosis of gamma-irradiated cells by clinical grade DC or MAK as well as the ability of these cells to cross present MART-1 to CD8(+) T cells. Using a high affinity antibody against MART-1, 2A9, which specifically stains melanoma tumors, melanoma cell lines and normal melanocytes, the expression level of MART-1 in melanoma cell lines could be related to their ability to stimulate IFN-gamma production by a MART-1 specific HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8(+) T cell clone. Confocal microscopy with Alexa Fluor®(647)-labelled 2A9 also showed that MART-1 could be detected in tumor cells attached and/or fused to phagocytes and even inside these cells as early as 1 h and up to 24 h or 48 h after initiation of co-cultures between gamma-irradiated melanoma cells and MAK or DC, respectively. Interestingly, MART-1 was cross-presented to MART-1 specific T cells by both MAK and DC co-cultured with melanoma gamma-irradiated cells for different time-points. Thus, naturally occurring MART-1 melanoma antigen can be taken-up from dying melanoma cells into DC or MAK and both cell types can induce specific CD8(+) T cell cross-presentation thereafter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Marcela Barrio
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas,
Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Riad Abes
- INSERM UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,
Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris6, UMR S 872, Paris,
France
- Université Paris Descartes,
UMR S 872, Paris, France
| | - Marina Colombo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas
de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires,
Argentina
| | - Gabriela Pizzurro
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas,
Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Charlotte Boix
- INSERM UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,
Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris6, UMR S 872, Paris,
France
- Université Paris Descartes,
UMR S 872, Paris, France
| | - María Paula Roberti
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas,
Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emmanuelle Gélizé
- INSERM UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,
Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris6, UMR S 872, Paris,
France
- Université Paris Descartes,
UMR S 872, Paris, France
| | - Mariana Rodriguez-Zubieta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas
de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires,
Argentina
| | - José Mordoh
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas,
Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas
de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires,
Argentina
| | - Jean-Luc Teillaud
- INSERM UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,
Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris6, UMR S 872, Paris,
France
- Université Paris Descartes,
UMR S 872, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Erpapazoglou Z, Dhaoui M, Pantazopoulou M, Giordano F, Mari M, Léon S, Raposo G, Reggiori F, Haguenauer-Tsapis R. A dual role for K63-linked ubiquitin chains in multivesicular body biogenesis and cargo sorting. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:2170-83. [PMID: 22493318 PMCID: PMC3364180 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-10-0891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In yeast, the sorting of transmembrane proteins into the multivesicular body (MVB) internal vesicles requires their ubiquitylation by the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5. This allows their recognition by the ubiquitin-binding domains (UBDs) of several endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) subunits. K63-linked ubiquitin (K63Ub) chains decorate several MVB cargoes, and accordingly we show that they localize prominently to the class E compartment, which accumulates ubiquitylated cargoes in cells lacking ESCRT components. Conversely, yeast cells unable to generate K63Ub chains displayed MVB sorting defects. These properties are conserved among eukaryotes, as the mammalian melanosomal MVB cargo MART-1 is modified by K63Ub chains and partly missorted when the genesis of these chains is inhibited. We show that all yeast UBD-containing ESCRT proteins undergo ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation, some being modified through the opposing activities of Rsp5 and the ubiquitin isopeptidase Ubp2, which are known to assemble and disassemble preferentially K63Ub chains, respectively. A failure to generate K63Ub chains in yeast leads to an MVB ultrastructure alteration. Our work thus unravels a double function of K63Ub chains in cargo sorting and MVB biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Erpapazoglou
- Institut Jacques Monod, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7592, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Treviño-Villarreal JH, Cotanche DA, Sepúlveda R, Bortoni ME, Manneberg O, Udagawa T, Rogers RA. Host-derived pericytes and Sca-1+ cells predominate in the MART-1- stroma fraction of experimentally induced melanoma. J Histochem Cytochem 2012; 59:1060-75. [PMID: 22147606 DOI: 10.1369/0022155411428078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of cell types in tumor-associated stroma that are involved in the development of melanoma is hampered by their heterogeneity. The authors used flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry to demonstrate that anti-MART-1 antibodies can discriminate between melanoma and stroma cells. They investigated the cellular composition of the MART-1-, non-hematopoietic melanoma-associated stroma, finding it consisted mainly of Sca-1+ and CD146+ cells. These cell types were also observed in the skin and muscle adjacent to developing melanomas. The Sca-1+ cell population was observed distributed in the epidermis, hair follicle bulges, and tumor capsule. The CD146+ population was found distributed within the tumor, mainly associated with blood vessels in a perivascular location. In addition to a perivascular distribution, CD146+ cells expressed α-smooth muscle actin, lacked expression of endothelial markers CD31 and CD34, and were therefore identified as pericytes. Pericytes were found to be associated with CD31+ endothelial cells; however, some pericytes were also observed associated with CD31-, MART-1+ B16 melanoma cells that appeared to form blood vessel structures. Furthermore, the authors observed extensive nuclear expression of HIF-1α in melanoma and stroma cells, suggesting hypoxia is an important factor associated with the melanoma microenvironment and vascularization. The results suggest that pericytes and Sca-1+ stroma cells are important contributors to melanoma development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Humberto Treviño-Villarreal
- BioImaging Laboratory, Program in Molecular Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Braun M, Jandus C, Maurer P, Hammann-Haenni A, Schwarz K, Bachmann MF, Speiser DE, Romero P. Virus-like particles induce robust human T-helper cell responses. Eur J Immunol 2011; 42:330-40. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201142064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
33
|
Aydin IT, Hummler E, Smit NPM, Beermann F. Coat color dilution in mice because of inactivation of the melanoma antigen MART-1. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2011; 25:37-46. [PMID: 21943097 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2011.00910.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 (MART-1) is a melanoma-specific antigen, which has been thoroughly studied in the context of immunotherapy against malignant melanoma and which is found only in the pigment cell lineage. However, its exact function and involvement in pigmentation is not clearly understood. Melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 has been shown to interact with the melanosomal proteins Pmel17 and OA1. To understand the function of MART-1 in pigmentation, we developed a new knockout mouse model. Mice deficient in MART-1 are viable, but loss of MART-1 leads to a coat color phenotype, with a reduction in total melanin content of the skin and hair. Lack of MART-1 did not affect localization of melanocyte-specific proteins nor maturation of Pmel17. Melanosomes of hair follicle melanocytes in MART-1 knockout mice displayed morphological abnormalities, which were exclusive to stage III and IV melanosomes. In conclusion, our results suggest that MART-1 is a pigmentation gene that is required for melanosome biogenesis and/or maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iraz T Aydin
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Aydin IT, Beermann F. A mart-1::Cre transgenic line induces recombination in melanocytes and retinal pigment epithelium. Genesis 2011; 49:403-9. [PMID: 21309074 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The number of transgenic mouse lines expressing Cre in either type of pigment cells (melanocytes and retinal pigment epithelium, RPE) is limited, and the available lines do not always offer sufficient specificity. In this study, we addressed this issue and we report on the generation of a MART-1::Cre BAC transgenic mouse line, in which the expression of Cre recombinase is controlled by regulatory elements of the pigment cell-specific gene MART-1 (mlana). When MART-1::Cre BAC transgenic mice were bred with the ROSA26-R reporter line, ß-galactosidase expression was observed in RPE from E12.5 onwards, and in melanocyte precursors from E17.5, indicating that the MART-1::Cre line provides Cre recombinase activity in pigment-producing cells rather than in a particular lineage. In addition, breeding of this mouse line to mice carrying a conditional allele of RBP-Jκ corroborated the reported phenotypes in both pigment cell lineages, inducing hair greying and microphthalmia. Our results thus suggest, that the MART-1::Cre line may serve as a novel and useful tool for functional studies in melanocytes and the RPE.genesis 49:403-409, 2011.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iraz T Aydin
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
van Niel G, Charrin S, Simoes S, Romao M, Rochin L, Saftig P, Marks MS, Rubinstein E, Raposo G. The tetraspanin CD63 regulates ESCRT-independent and -dependent endosomal sorting during melanogenesis. Dev Cell 2011; 21:708-21. [PMID: 21962903 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2011.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 653] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Cargo sorting to intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) of multivesicular endosomes is required for lysosome-related organelle (LRO) biogenesis. PMEL-a component of melanocyte LROs (melanosomes)-is sorted to ILVs in an ESCRT-independent manner, where it is proteolytically processed and assembled into functional amyloid fibrils during melanosome maturation. Here we show that the tetraspanin CD63 directly participates in ESCRT-independent sorting of the PMEL luminal domain, but not of traditional ESCRT-dependent cargoes, to ILVs. Inactivating CD63 in cell culture or in mice impairs amyloidogenesis and downstream melanosome morphogenesis. Whereas CD63 is required for normal PMEL luminal domain sorting, the disposal of the remaining PMEL transmembrane fragment requires functional ESCRTs but not CD63. In the absence of CD63, the PMEL luminal domain follows this fragment and is targeted for ESCRT-dependent degradation. Our data thus reveal a tight interplay regulated by CD63 between two distinct endosomal ILV sorting processes for a single cargo during LRO biogenesis.
Collapse
|
36
|
Anderson KS, Zeng W, Sasada T, Choi J, Riemer AB, Su M, Drakoulakos D, Kang YJ, Brusic V, Wu C, Reinherz EL. Impaired tumor antigen processing by immunoproteasome-expressing CD40-activated B cells and dendritic cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:857-67. [PMID: 21400024 PMCID: PMC3547125 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-0995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Professional APCs, such as dendritic cells, are routinely used in vitro for the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for tumor antigens. In addition to dendritic cells, CD40-activated B cells and variant K562 leukemic cells can be readily transfected with nucleic acids for in vitro and in vivo antigen presentation. However, the expression of immunoproteasome components in dendritic cells may preclude display of tumor antigens such as Mart1/MelanA. Here, we use three target epitopes, two derived from tumor antigens [Mart1(26-34) (M26) and Cyp1B1(239-247) (Cyp239)] and one derived from the influenza A viral antigen [FluM1(58-66) (FluM58)], to demonstrate that CD40-activated B cells, like dendritic cells, have a limited capability to process certain tumor antigens. In contrast, the K562 HLA-A*0201 transfectant efficiently processes and presents M26 and Cyp239 as well as the influenza FluM58 epitopes to T cells. These results demonstrate that the choice of target APC for gene transfer of tumor antigens may be limited by the relative efficacy of proteasome components to process certain tumor epitopes. Importantly, K562 can be exploited as an artificial APC, efficient in processing both M26 and Cyp239 epitopes and presumably, by extension, other relevant tumor antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Anderson
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
The immunohistochemistry of invasive and proliferative phenotype switching in melanoma: a case report. Melanoma Res 2010; 20:349-55. [PMID: 20526217 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0b013e32833bd89e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To date there is no effective therapy for metastatic melanoma and at the molecular level the disease progression is poorly understood. A recent study by our group led to the development of a novel phenotype switching model for melanoma progression, wherein cells transition back-and-forth between states of proliferation and invasion to drive disease progression. To explore the model's clinical relevance we interrogated phenotype-specific expression patterns in human melanoma patient material. A matched primary/metastasis pair from a human melanoma patient was obtained and immunohistochemically stained for proliferative and invasive phenotype markers. These were also stained for hypoxia and blood vessel markers. Proliferative phenotype markers Melan-A and Mitf showed consistent anti-correlation with invasive phenotype marker Wnt5A and hypoxia marker Glut-1. These also correlated with observed intra-tumoural vascularization patterns. Similar pattern distributions were present in both primary and metastasis samples. Strikingly, we observed that late phase metastatic melanoma cells adopt morphologies and behaviours identical to very early phase cells. The expression patterns observed closely matched expectations derived from previous in vitro and xenografting experiments. These results highlight the likelihood that disease progression involves melanoma cells retaining the capacity to regulate the expression of metastatic potential critical factors according to changing microenvironmental conditions.
Collapse
|
38
|
Matsuo Y, Kamitani T. Parkinson's disease-related protein, alpha-synuclein, in malignant melanoma. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10481. [PMID: 20463956 PMCID: PMC2864738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma is the major cause of skin cancer death worldwide. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is caused by mutation of α-synuclein or other genes. Importantly, epidemiological studies have reported co-occurrence of melanoma and Parkinson's disease, suggesting that these two diseases could share common genetic components. Methodology/Principal Findings Recently, we found that human melanoma cell lines highly express α-synuclein, whereas the protein is undetectable in the non-melanoma cancer cell lines tested. To investigate the expression of α-synuclein in human melanoma tissues, we immunostained sections of melanoma, nevus, non-melanocytic cutaneous carcinoma, and normal skin. α-Synuclein was positively detected in 86% of the primary and 85% of the metastatic melanoma sections, as well as in 89% of nevus sections. However, α-synuclein was undetectable in non-melanocytic cutaneous carcinoma and normal skin. Conclusions/Significance The Parkinson's disease-related protein, α-synuclein, is expressed in both malignant and benign melanocytic lesions, such as melanomas and nevi. Although α-synuclein cannot be used to distinguish between malignant and benign melanocytic skin lesions, it might be a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of metastatic melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Matsuo
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Chaperone/Radiobiology and Cancer Virology, Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tetsu Kamitani
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Chaperone/Radiobiology and Cancer Virology, Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Aydin IT, Beermann F. Melanocyte and RPE-specific expression in transgenic mice by mouse MART-1/Melan-A/mlanaregulatory sequences. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2009; 22:854-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2009.00629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
40
|
Giordano F, Bonetti C, Surace EM, Marigo V, Raposo G. The ocular albinism type 1 (OA1) G-protein-coupled receptor functions with MART-1 at early stages of melanogenesis to control melanosome identity and composition. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:4530-45. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
41
|
Truschel ST, Simoes S, Setty SRG, Harper DC, Tenza D, Thomas PC, Herman KE, Sackett SD, Cowan DC, Theos AC, Raposo G, Marks MS. ESCRT-I function is required for Tyrp1 transport from early endosomes to the melanosome limiting membrane. Traffic 2009; 10:1318-36. [PMID: 19624486 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2009.00955.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Melanosomes are lysosome-related organelles that coexist with lysosomes within melanocytes. The pathways by which melanosomal proteins are diverted from endocytic organelles toward melanosomes are incompletely defined. In melanocytes from mouse models of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome that lack BLOC-1, melanosomal proteins such as tyrosinase-related protein 1 (Tyrp1) accumulate in early endosomes. Whether this accumulation represents an anomalous pathway or an arrested normal intermediate in melanosome protein trafficking is not clear. Here, we show that early endosomes are requisite intermediates in the trafficking of Tyrp1 from the Golgi to late stage melanosomes in normal melanocytic cells. Kinetic analyses show that very little newly synthesized Tyrp1 traverses the cell surface and that internalized Tyrp1 is inefficiently sorted to melanosomes. Nevertheless, nearly all Tyrp1 traverse early endosomes since it becomes trapped within enlarged, modified endosomes upon overexpression of Hrs. Although Tyrp1 localization is not affected by Hrs depletion, depletion of the ESCRT-I component, Tsg101, or inhibition of ESCRT function by dominant-negative approaches results in a dramatic redistribution of Tyrp1 to aberrant endosomal membranes that are largely distinct from those harboring traditional ESCRT-dependent, ubiquitylated cargoes such as MART-1. The lysosomal protein content of some of these membranes and the lack of Tyrp1 recycling to the plasma membrane in Tsg101-depleted cells suggests that ESCRT-I functions downstream of BLOC-1. Our data delineate a novel pathway for Tyrp1 trafficking and illustrate a requirement for ESCRT-I function in controlling protein sorting from vacuolar endosomes to the limiting membrane of a lysosome-related organelle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven T Truschel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wasmeier
- Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alistair N. Hume
- Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Giulia Bolasco
- Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Miguel C. Seabra
- Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Neller MA, López JA, Schmidt CW. Antigens for cancer immunotherapy. Semin Immunol 2008; 20:286-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
44
|
Inhibitory Effect of RNA Pool Complexity on Stimulatory Capacity of RNA-pulsed Dendritic Cells. J Immunother 2008; 31:52-62. [DOI: 10.1097/cji.0b013e31815a1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
45
|
Kawakami A, Sakane F, Imai SI, Yasuda S, Kai M, Kanoh H, Jin HY, Hirosaki K, Yamashita T, Fisher DE, Jimbow K. Rab7 regulates maturation of melanosomal matrix protein gp100/Pmel17/Silv. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 128:143-50. [PMID: 17625594 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melanosome biogenesis consists of multistep processes that involve synthesis of melanosomal protein, which is followed by vesicle transport/fusion and post-translational modifications such as glycosylation, proteolysis, and oligomerization. Because of its complexity, the details of the molecular mechanism of melanosome biogenesis are not yet fully understood. Here, we report that, in MMAc melanoma cells, wild-type (WT) Rab7 and its dominant-active mutant (Rab7-Q67L), but not its dominant-negative mutant (Rab7-T22N), were colocalized in the perinuclear region with granules containing Stage I melanosomes, where the full-length, immature gp100/Pmel17/Silv was present. It was also found that overexpression of Rab7-Q67L and, to a lesser extent, Rab7-WT increased the amount of proteolytically processed, mature gp100. However, Rab7-T22N did not show such an effect. Moreover, siRNA-mediated Rab7 knockdown considerably inhibited gp100 maturation. These results collectively suggest that the GTP-bound form of Rab7 promotes melanogenesis through the regulation of gp100 maturation in melanoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Kawakami
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Held G, Wadle A, Dauth N, Stewart-Jones G, Sturm C, Thiel M, Zwick C, Dieckmann D, Schuler G, Hoogenboom HR, Lévy F, Cerundolo V, Pfreundschuh M, Renner C. MHC-peptide-specific antibodies reveal inefficient presentation of an HLA-A*0201-restricted, Melan-A-derived peptide after active intracellular processing. Eur J Immunol 2007; 37:2008-17. [PMID: 17559180 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200636545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
MHC-peptide-specific Fab antibodies binding to HLA-A*0201 complexes presenting the wild-type EAAGIGILTV (EAA) or analogue Melan-A 10-mer ELAGIGILTV (ELA) peptide were generated to study efficacy of peptide processing and presentation. None of the selected Fab antibodies detected the naturally processed EAA/HLA-A*0201 complex on melanoma tumor cells, confirming the known low peptide number on the cell surface. To study the effect of peptide presentation and processing in more detail, genes coding for the A27L-mutated Melan-A protein or the processed ELA peptide were introduced into HLA-A*0201(+) B cells by infection with the respective recombinant vaccinia virus construct producing equimolar amounts of GFP-ubiquitin directly linked to the fragment of interest. Correlating GFP expression to actual numbers of peptide presented, 1100-2600 [corrected] ELA peptides had to be synthesized to be presented by a single MHC class I antigen-peptide complex. This number increased 10- to 20-fold when ELA peptide presentation from the A27L-mutated full length Melan-A protein was studied, since 16000-52000 [corrected] GFP molecules needed to be synthesized for the detection of one ELA peptide. Our results indicate that peptide processing rather than presentation is the rate-limiting step in our experimental setting and is much more ineffective for Melan-A than has been previously shown for other MHC class I-restricted epitopes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Held
- I Med Klinik, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bioley G, Jandus C, Tuyaerts S, Rimoldi D, Kwok WW, Speiser DE, Tiercy JM, Thielemans K, Cerottini JC, Romero P. Melan-A/MART-1-Specific CD4 T Cells in Melanoma Patients: Identification of New Epitopes and Ex Vivo Visualization of Specific T Cells by MHC Class II Tetramers. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:6769-79. [PMID: 17082590 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.10.6769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, many efforts have been made to identify MHC class II-restricted epitopes from different tumor-associated Ags. Melan-A/MART-1(26-35) parental or Melan-A/MART-1(26-35(A27L)) analog epitopes have been widely used in melanoma immunotherapy to induce and boost CTL responses, but only one Th epitope is currently known (Melan-A51-73, DRB1*0401 restricted). In this study, we describe two novel Melan-A/MART-1-derived sequences recognized by CD4 T cells from melanoma patients. These epitopes can be mimicked by peptides Melan-A27-40 presented by HLA-DRB1*0101 and HLA-DRB1*0102 and Melan-A25-36 presented by HLA-DQB1*0602 and HLA-DRB1*0301. CD4 T cell clones specific for these epitopes recognize Melan-A/MART-1+ tumor cells and Melan-A/MART-1-transduced EBV-B cells and recognition is reduced by inhibitors of the MHC class II presentation pathway. This suggests that the epitopes are naturally processed and presented by EBV-B cells and melanoma cells. Moreover, Melan-A-specific Abs could be detected in the serum of patients with measurable CD4 T cell responses specific for Melan-A/MART-1. Interestingly, even the short Melan-A/MART-1(26-35(A27L)) peptide was recognized by CD4 T cells from HLA-DQ6+ and HLA-DR3+ melanoma patients. Using Melan-A/MART-1(25-36)/DQ6 tetramers, we could detect Ag-specific CD4 T cells directly ex vivo in circulating lymphocytes of a melanoma patient. Together, these results provide the basis for monitoring of naturally occurring and vaccine-induced Melan-A/MART-1-specific CD4 T cell responses, allowing precise and ex vivo characterization of responding T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Bioley
- Division of Clinical Onco-Immunology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Theos AC, Truschel ST, Tenza D, Hurbain I, Harper DC, Berson JF, Thomas PC, Raposo G, Marks MS. A lumenal domain-dependent pathway for sorting to intralumenal vesicles of multivesicular endosomes involved in organelle morphogenesis. Dev Cell 2006; 10:343-54. [PMID: 16516837 PMCID: PMC1773005 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2006.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2005] [Revised: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cargo partitioning into intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) of multivesicular endosomes underlies such cellular processes as receptor downregulation, viral budding, and biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles such as melanosomes. We show that the melanosomal protein Pmel17 is sorted into ILVs by a mechanism that is dependent upon lumenal determinants and conserved in non-pigment cells. Pmel17 targeting to ILVs does not require its native cytoplasmic domain or cytoplasmic residues targeted by ubiquitylation and, unlike sorting of ubiquitylated cargo, is insensitive to functional inhibition of Hrs and ESCRT complexes. Chimeric protein and deletion analyses indicate that two N-terminal lumenal subdomains are necessary and sufficient for ILV targeting. Pmel17 fibril formation, which occurs during melanosome maturation in melanocytes, requires a third lumenal subdomain and proteolytic processing that itself requires ILV localization. These results establish an Hrs- and perhaps ESCRT-independent pathway of ILV sorting by lumenal determinants and a requirement for ILV sorting in fibril formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C. Theos
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Univ. of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA and
| | - Steven T. Truschel
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Univ. of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA and
| | | | - Ilse Hurbain
- Institut Curie, CNRS-UMR144, Paris, Cedex 75005,
France
| | - Dawn C. Harper
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Univ. of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA and
| | - Joanne F. Berson
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Univ. of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA and
| | - Penelope C. Thomas
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Univ. of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA and
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, CNRS-UMR144, Paris, Cedex 75005,
France
| | - Michael S. Marks
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Univ. of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA and
- ‡To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Univ. of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 513
Stellar Chance Labs/6100, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6100, Phone: 215-898-3204, FAX:
215-573-4345,
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a collection of related autosomal recessive disorders which are genetically heterogeneous. There are eight human HPS subtypes, characterized by oculocutaneous albinism and platelet storage disease; prolonged bleeding, congenital neutropenia, pulmonary fibrosis, and granulomatous colitis can also occur. HPS is caused primarily by defects in intracellular protein trafficking that result in the dysfunction of intracellular organelles known as lysosome-related organelles. HPS gene products are all ubiquitously expressed and all associate in various multi-protein complexes, yet HPS has cell type-specific disease expression. Impairment of specialized secretory cells such as melanocytes, platelets, lung alveolar type II epithelial cells and cytotoxic T cells are observed in HPS. This review summarizes recent molecular, biochemical and cell biological analyses together with clinical studies that have led to the correlation of molecular pathology with clinical manifestations and led to insights into such diverse disease processes such as albinism, fibrosis, hemorrhage, and congenital neutropenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center 190, University of California, 4150 Clement St., San Francisco, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Theos AC, Truschel ST, Raposo G, Marks MS. The Silver locus product Pmel17/gp100/Silv/ME20: controversial in name and in function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 18:322-36. [PMID: 16162173 PMCID: PMC2788625 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.2005.00269.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mouse coat color mutants have led to the identification of more than 120 genes that encode proteins involved in all aspects of pigmentation, from the regulation of melanocyte development and differentiation to the transcriptional activation of pigment genes, from the enzymatic formation of pigment to the control of melanosome biogenesis and movement [Bennett and Lamoreux (2003) Pigment Cell Res. 16, 333]. One of the more perplexing of the identified mouse pigment genes is encoded at the Silver locus, first identified by Dunn and Thigpen [(1930) J. Heredity 21, 495] as responsible for a recessive coat color dilution that worsened with age on black backgrounds. The product of the Silver gene has since been discovered numerous times in different contexts, including the initial search for the tyrosinase gene, the characterization of major melanosome constituents in various species, and the identification of tumor-associated antigens from melanoma patients. Each discoverer provided a distinct name: Pmel17, gp100, gp95, gp85, ME20, RPE1, SILV and MMP115 among others. Although all its functions are unlikely to have yet been fully described, the protein clearly plays a central role in the biogenesis of the early stages of the pigment organelle, the melanosome, in birds, and mammals. As such, we will refer to the protein in this review simply as pre-melanosomal protein (Pmel). This review will summarize the structural and functional aspects of Pmel and its role in melanosome biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C. Theos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven T. Truschel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR-144, Paris Cedex, France
| | - Michael S. Marks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Address correspondence to Michael S. Marks,
| |
Collapse
|