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All K, Chawarska K, Macari SL. Early executive functioning predicts externalizing problems in neurodiverse preschoolers. Autism Res 2024; 17:1053-1065. [PMID: 38476104 PMCID: PMC11251695 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit externalizing problems, which have been linked with increased anxiety and depression, peer rejection, and parental stress. Identification of early predictors of externalizing behaviors in autism will facilitate identification of vulnerable children and implementation of early preventative interventions. There is ample evidence that executive functioning, social functioning, and temperament are predictive of later externalizing problems in general populations, but less is known about these relations in ASD and other neurodiverse populations, particularly in the early preschool years. To address this gap, we assessed the relations between executive functioning, social functioning, and temperament at age 3 and externalizing problems at age 5 in a sample of neurodiverse children with ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders and delays. Analyses revealed that severity of early executive functioning impairment predicted increased externalizing problems. Severity of social autism symptoms moderated this relationship such that the effect of executive functioning on externalizing problems decreased as autism symptoms increased. These findings suggest that executive functioning is an important target for identifying and developing interventions for vulnerable children and underscore the necessity of considering severity of autism symptoms when researching the development of externalizing problems in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine All
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Katarzyna Chawarska
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Suzanne L Macari
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Kil H, Sibalis A, Colasante T, Jambon M, Acland E, Suri A, Malti T, Andrade BF. Physiological Dysregulation in Children With and Without Externalizing Difficulties: Novel Insights From Intensive Longitudinal Data. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:21-33. [PMID: 37266759 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Extant research on physiological dysregulation in children has focused on point-in-time measures and absolute mean levels of physiology. However, these methods do not capture dynamic fluctuations in physiology that characterize dysregulation. In the present work, we aimed to assess whether physiological dysregulation as captured by fluctuations rather than mean levels would differentiate between children with and without clinically elevated levels of externalizing behavior. As an exploratory approach, we examined fluctuations in children's physiological responses (i.e., root mean square of successive differences [RMSSD] in beat-to-beat heart rate intervals) to social transgression scenarios across 15 short-term measurement occasions (5-second bins). Controlling for mean RMSSD, as well as emotional and cognitive correlates of externalizing behavior (i.e., sympathy and inhibitory control), children with externalizing difficulties exhibited greater within-person fluctuations in RMSSD (i.e., physiological dysregulation) compared to children without externalizing difficulties. The present findings provide preliminary support for using intensive longitudinal data comprised of short-term physiological measurements and point to the centrality of within-child physiological variability as a marker of dysregulation, particularly amongst children with externalizing disorders for whom self-regulation is a core challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hali Kil
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
- McCain Centre for Child, Youth, and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Annabel Sibalis
- McCain Centre for Child, Youth, and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tyler Colasante
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for Child Development, Mental Health, & Policy (CCDMP), University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Marc Jambon
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Erinn Acland
- School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anjali Suri
- McCain Centre for Child, Youth, and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tina Malti
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for Child Development, Mental Health, & Policy (CCDMP), University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Brendan F Andrade
- McCain Centre for Child, Youth, and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Wei X, Lü W. Childhood trauma and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems among adolescents: Role of executive function and life events stress. J Adolesc 2023; 95:740-750. [PMID: 36751143 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to childhood trauma is found to increase internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in adolescents, however, the potential mechanism of this link remains underexplored. This study investigated the associations between childhood trauma and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems among adolescents, and tested the mediating role of executive function and the moderating role of life events stress in this relationship. METHODS Questionnaire data were collected from 952 junior students in Northwest China. Participants ranged in age from 11 to 15 years old (M = 12.88 years, SD = 0.72; 53% females). SPSS 26.0 was used to analyze the relationship between variables and examine the mediation model and the moderated mediation model. RESULTS Childhood trauma was positively associated with internalizing and externalizing behavior problems among adolescents. In addition, executive function partially mediated the relations between childhood trauma and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Life events stress was observed to moderate the relations between childhood trauma and executive function, as well as executive function and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, but the effect sizes were relatively small. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the role of executive function and life events stress in the association between childhood trauma and behavioral problems among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Wei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavior Health, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, USA
| | - Wei Lü
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavior Health, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, USA
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Osofsky JD, Fields-Olivieri MA, Frazer AL, Graham RA, McCurdy BH, Weems CF. What to Look for in Relationships: Development, inter-rater reliability, and initial validity estimates for a young child-caregiver relationship assessment. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1157665. [PMID: 37057146 PMCID: PMC10086182 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1157665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionObservational assessments are important for understanding a range of behaviors and emotions in the young child-caregiver relationship. This paper provides initial data on a multidimensional assessment for professionals who work with young children and their caregivers, the What to Look for in Relationships (WLR). The WLR was designed to assist providers in evaluating strengths and areas for improvement in five areas of young child-caregiver relationship dimensions. This paper reports on the development, interrater reliability, initial convergent and discriminant validity, and incremental utility of the scales.MethodsData were collected from caregiver-child dyads, who participated in a semi-structured observational caregiver-child interaction session as part of a clinic evaluation for relationship-based therapeutic services for young children in child protection. Recorded interactions were coded using the WLR scales with 146 interactions coded by at least two independent observers for interrater reliability analyses.ResultsThe scales showed adequate internal consistency, good inter-rater reliability, strong convergent associations with a single dimension measure (i.e., the Parent-Infant Relationship Global Assessment Scale; PIR-GAS) and discriminated those in the clinical range from those with adaptive functioning on the PIR-GAS.DiscussionThis study provides initial support for the usefulness of the WLR scales for assessing dimensions of caregiver-child relationships during early childhood that may be useful targets of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy D. Osofsky
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Joy D. Osofsky,
| | | | - Andrew L. Frazer
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Graham
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Bethany H. McCurdy
- Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Carl F. Weems
- Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Lahat A, Perlman M, Howe N, Recchia HE, Bukowski WM, Santo JB, Luo Z, Ross H. Change over time in interactions between unfamiliar toddlers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2023; 47:21-34. [PMID: 36582414 PMCID: PMC9791325 DOI: 10.1177/01650254221121854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The frequency and length of games, conflicts, and contingency sequences that took place between toddlers as they got to know one another were studied using archival data. The sample consisted of 28 unfamiliar 20- and 30-month-old toddlers (predominantly White, 16 males) who met separately with each of two other toddlers for 18 play dates. The frequency of games increased over time, while the frequency of conflict and contingency sequences decreased. The length of games increased over time while the length of conflicts and contingency sequences were stable. Age and language ability predicted changes in frequency and length of the different types of sequences. Thus, toddlers engage in less structured interactions when they first meet; their interactions become increasingly more organized and positive as the relationship evolves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Lahat
- University of Toronto, Canada,Ayelet Lahat, OISE, University of Toronto, 252 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
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Brown KM, Pérez-Edgar K, Lunkenheimer E. Understanding How Child Temperament, Negative Parenting, and Dyadic Parent-Child Behavioral Variability Interact to Influence Externalizing Problems. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2022; 31:1020-1041. [PMID: 36569337 PMCID: PMC9786603 DOI: 10.1111/sode.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the development of externalizing behavior, the current study examines how multiple levels of influence (child temperament, negative parenting, and dyadic interactions) work together to increase externalizing behaviors over time. Negative parenting (NP) and observed dynamic dyadic behavioral variability (DBV) in parent-child interactions (e.g., in discipline and compliance) are characteristic of coercive family processes. The present study first examined latent profiles of temperament in 3-year-olds (N = 150). Four temperament profiles emerged: high reactive, exuberant, low reactive, and inhibited. Temperament profiles were then examined as moderators of the effects of age 3 NP and DBV on child externalizing problems at age 4. Exuberant temperament exacerbated the association between higher levels of NP and DBV and higher levels of child externalizing. Additionally, temperament moderated the combined effects of NP and DBV such that at low and mean levels of NP, children with exuberant temperaments who experienced higher DBV had higher externalizing behaviors, whereas at higher levels of NP, the influence of DBV was no longer significant. Results suggest pathways by which children's experiences of NP and DBV with parents contribute to their greater externalizing problems over time, in the context of the child's unique temperament profile.
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Abstract
Recent models of psychopathology suggest the presence of a general factor capturing the shared variance among all symptoms along with specific psychopathology factors (e.g., internalizing and externalizing). However, few studies have examined predictors that may serve as transdiagnostic risk factors for general psychopathology from early development. In the current study we examine, for the first time, whether observed and parent-reported infant temperament dimensions prospectively predict general psychopathology as well as specific psychopathology dimensions (e.g., internalizing and externalizing) across childhood. In a longitudinal cohort (N = 291), temperament dimensions were assessed at 4 months of age. Psychopathology symptoms were assessed at 7, 9, and 12 years of age. A bifactor model was used to estimate general, internalizing, and externalizing psychopathology factors. Across behavioral observations and parent-reports, higher motor activity in infancy significantly predicted greater general psychopathology in mid to late childhood. Moreover, low positive affect was predictive of the internalizing-specific factor. Other temperament dimensions were not related with any of the psychopathology factors after accounting for the general psychopathology factor. The results of this study suggest that infant motor activity may act as an early indicator of transdiagnostic risk. Our findings inform the etiology of general psychopathology and have implications for the early identification for children at risk for psychopathology.
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Poitras K, Tarabulsy GM, Pulido NV. Contact with biological parents following placement in foster care: Associations with preschool child externalizing behavior. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 27:466-479. [PMID: 34632816 PMCID: PMC9047105 DOI: 10.1177/13591045211049295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Externalizing behavior problems are a salient issue in the context of child protection services, where associations with placement stability and caregiving behavior have been documented. Moreover, although research on the association between contact with biological parents and foster child externalizing behavior problems is scarce and has yielded mixed results, several studies have shown links between the two variables. The purpose of this study is to determine the association of face-to-face contact with biological parents and externalized behaviors, while taking into account placement instability and foster parent interactive sensitivity. Fifty preschoolers and their foster parents were visited at home. Child externalizing behavior problems were self-reported by foster parents, foster parent sensitivity was measured via play observations, and information relative to placement was collected through interviews with biological parents and gathered from social services data. Results reveal that more frequent contact with biological parents and lower levels of foster parent sensitivity are independently linked to greater levels of externalizing behavior problems even after controlling for placement instability. Discussion focuses on the importance of children's relationship experiences during foster care and the necessity to investigate their role to more clearly understand foster child socioemotional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Poitras
- Department of Psychology, 467752University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - George M Tarabulsy
- University Centre for Research on Youth and Families School of Psychology, 4440Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Natalia Varela Pulido
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, 28010Externado de Colombia University, Bogota, Colombia
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Perlman SB, Lunkenheimer E, Panlilio C, Pérez-Edgar K. Parent-to-Child Anxiety Transmission Through Dyadic Social Dynamics: A Dynamic Developmental Model. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2022; 25:110-129. [PMID: 35195833 PMCID: PMC9990140 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-022-00391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The intergenerational transmission of psychopathology is one of the strongest known risk factors for childhood disorder and may be a malleable target for prevention and intervention. Anxious parents have distinct parenting profiles that impact socioemotional development, and these parenting effects may result in broad alterations to the biological and cognitive functioning of their children. Better understanding the functional mechanisms by which parental risk is passed on to children can provide (1) novel markers of risk for socioemotional difficulties, (2) specific targets for intervention, and (3) behavioral and biological indices of treatment response. We propose a developmental model in which dyadic social dynamics serve as a key conduit in parent-to-child transmission of anxiety. Dyadic social dynamics capture the moment-to-moment interactions between parent and child that occur on a daily basis. In shaping the developmental trajectory from familial risk to actual symptoms, dyadic processes act on mechanisms of risk that are evident prior to, and in the absence of, any eventual disorder onset. First, we discuss dyadic synchrony or the moment-to-moment coordination between parent and child within different levels of analysis, including neural, autonomic, behavioral, and emotional processes. Second, we discuss how overt emotion modeling of distress is observed and internalized by children and later reflected in their own behavior. Thus, unlike synchrony, this is a more sequential process that cuts across levels of analysis. We also discuss maladaptive cognitive and affective processing that is often evident with increases in child anxiety symptoms. Finally, we discuss additional moderators (e.g., parent sex, child fearful temperament) that may impact dyadic processes. Our model is proposed as a conceptual framework for testing hypotheses regarding dynamic processes that may ultimately guide novel treatment approaches aimed at intervening on dyadically linked biobehavioral mechanisms before symptom onset.
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Cordero MI, Stenz L, Moser DA, Rusconi Serpa S, Paoloni-Giacobino A, Schechter DS. The relationship of maternal and child methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1 during early childhood and subsequent child psychopathology at school-age in the context of maternal interpersonal violence-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:919820. [PMID: 36061270 PMCID: PMC9437341 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.919820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interpersonal violent (IPV) experiences when they begin in childhood and continue in various forms during adulthood often lead to chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that is associated in multiple studies with hypocortisolism and lower percentage of methylation of the promoter region of the gene coding for the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1). This prospective, longitudinal study examined the relationship of NR3C1 methylation among mothers with IPV-related PTSD and their toddlers and then looked at the relationship of maternal NR3C1 methylation and child psychopathology at school age. METHODS Forty-eight mothers were evaluated for life-events history and post-traumatic stress disorder via structured clinical interview when their children were ages 12-42 months (mean age 26.7 months, SD 8.8). Their children's psychopathology in terms of internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors was evaluated using the Child Behavior Checklist at ages 5-9 years (mean age 7 years, SD 1.1). Percentage of methylation for the NR3C1 gene promoter region was assessed from DNA extracted from maternal and child saliva using bisulfite pyrosequencing. Data analysis involved parametric and non-parametric correlations and multiple linear and logistic regression modeling. RESULTS Logistic regression models using child NR3C1 methylation as the dependent variable and maternal NR3C1 methylation and PTSD group status as predictors, as well as the interaction indicated that all three of these significantly predicted child NR3C1 methylation. These findings remained significant when controlling for child age, sex and maternal child abuse history. Overall, maternal NR3C1 methylation when children were toddlers was negatively and significantly associated with child externalizing behavior severity at school age. DISCUSSION We found that correlations between mothers and their children of NR3C1 methylation levels overall and at all individual CpG sites of interest were significant only in the IPV-PTSD group. The latter findings support that NR3C1 methylation in mothers positively and statistically significantly correlates with NR3C1 methylation in their children only in presence of IPV-PTSD in the mothers. This maternal epigenetic signature with respect to this glucocorticoid receptor is significantly associated with child behavior that may well pose a risk for intergenerational transmission of violence and related psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- María I Cordero
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ludwig Stenz
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dominik A Moser
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Rusconi Serpa
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva Faculty of Psychology, Social Science and Education, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ariane Paoloni-Giacobino
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Scott Schechter
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Development and Psychometric Properties of a Computer-Based Standardized Emotional Competence Inventory (MeKKi) for Preschoolers and School-Aged Children. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:1207-1220. [PMID: 34117579 PMCID: PMC9560914 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A computer-based emotional competence inventory for preschoolers and school-aged children (MeKKi) was developed to assess five components of emotional competence: emotion vocabulary, emotion identification (situational, visual, auditory), emotion understanding, emotion expression, and emotion regulation. Validity, reliability, and factor structure were examined in a community sample of 313 preschoolers and school-aged children (164 boys, 145 girls, 4 n.a.) age 4-11 years (M = 6.35 years, SD = 1.85). Item statistics and Cronbach's α were calculated for the subscales. The unidimensionality of the subscales was additionally tested via item response theory or confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency (α) was overall satisfactory at 0.82, though the consistencies of the Visual and Auditory Emotion Identification subscales were lower. Unidimensionality was demonstrated for all subscales except Emotion Understanding. Results provide support for the use of the MeKKi in research and clinical settings to assess emotional competence.
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Young children's cooperation and conflict with other children. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 63:225-248. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ostlund BD, Pérez-Edgar KE, Shisler S, Terrell S, Godleski S, Schuetze P, Eiden RD. Prenatal substance exposure and maternal hostility from pregnancy to toddlerhood: Associations with temperament profiles at 16 months of age. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 33:1566-1583. [PMID: 35095214 PMCID: PMC8794013 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether infant temperament was predicted by level of and change in maternal hostility, a putative transdiagnostic vulnerability for psychopathology, substance use, and insensitive parenting. A sample of women (N = 247) who were primarily young, low-income, and had varying levels of substance use prenatally (69 nonsmokers, 81 tobacco-only smokers, and 97 tobacco and marijuana smokers) reported their hostility in the third trimester of pregnancy and at 2, 9, and 16 months postpartum, and their toddler's temperament and behavior problems at 16 months. Maternal hostility decreased from late pregnancy to 16 months postpartum. Relative to pregnant women who did not use substances, women who used both marijuana and tobacco prenatally reported higher levels of hostility while pregnant and exhibited less change in hostility over time. Toddlers who were exposed to higher levels of prenatal maternal hostility were more likely to be classified in temperament profiles that resemble either irritability or inhibition, identified via latent profile analysis. These two profiles were each associated with more behavior problems concurrently, though differed in their association with competence. Our results underscore the utility of transdiagnostic vulnerabilities in understanding the intergenerational transmission of psychopathology risk and are discussed in regards to the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan D. Ostlund
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | | | - Shannon Shisler
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Sarah Terrell
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Stephanie Godleski
- Department of Psychology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, USA
| | - Pamela Schuetze
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Rina D. Eiden
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
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Schoppmann J, Schneider S, Seehagen S. Can you teach me not to be angry? Relations between temperament and the emotion regulation strategy distraction in 2-year-olds. Child Dev 2021; 93:165-179. [PMID: 34786693 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about toddlers' acquisition of specific emotion regulation (ER) strategies, and how early ER is shaped by temperament. This study investigated if 24-month-old German toddlers, predominantly from families with high levels of parental education (N = 96, n = 49 male), learned the ER strategy distraction through observational learning, and its interaction with temperament. Increased use of distraction correlated with reduced negative affect. Use of distraction increased through observational learning. Highly active toddlers tended to use active playing activities to distract themselves in a frustrating situation, whereas toddlers with a less active temperament used calmer activities. Toddlers' learning to apply distraction through observational learning was independent of a match between their own temperament and the model's actions.
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15
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Li Z, Yu C, Nie Y. The Association between School Climate and Aggression: A Moderated Mediation Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168709. [PMID: 34444470 PMCID: PMC8394214 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While previous studies have shown evidence of an association between school climate and aggression, few have explored the mechanisms behind this association. As such, this cross-sectional study focused on both the mediating effects of self-control and the moderating effects of the parent-child relationship on the association between school climate and aggression. Data were obtained through an anonymous survey conducted among 1030 Chinese elementary and middle school students (52.72% male, average age = 11.53 years), who responded to items on school climate, aggression, self-control, and the parent-child relationship. First, the results showed that school climate was negatively associated with aggression. Second, a mediation analysis showed that self-control significantly mediated the association between school climate and aggression. Third, a moderated mediation analysis showed that the parent-child relationship significantly moderated the first stage of the indirect path (school climate → self-control). Specifically, this association was notably stronger among children and adolescents with better parent-child relationships. In sum, these findings constitute a valuable reference for both improving self-control and in the context of targeted interventions aimed at preventing aggression in children and adolescents in China.
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Lisitsa E, Bolden CR, Johnson BD, Mezulis AH. Impact of stress and parenting on respiratory sinus arrythmia trajectories in early adolescence. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22165. [PMID: 34292618 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The effects of stress and parenting on 1-year trajectories of physiological emotion regulation capacity among adolescents were examined. Consistent with the vulnerability-stress and allostatic load models, stress (chronic family and marital) was hypothesized to be associated with less favorable trajectories of basal respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) over 1 year. This relationship was further hypothesized to be moderated by parenting practices (warmth, neglect, and rejection) and adolescent sex. Participants included 150 adolescents (51.3% female), 11-15 years of age (M = 13.04, SD = 0.89). Basal RSA and stress were assessed four times across 1 year. Results indicated a significant decrease in RSA over the course of 1 year (β = -0.15, p = .010). Warm parenting style was associated with lower RSA in environments of low marital stress and was also related with higher RSA in environments of high marital stress (β = 0.86, p = .021). Rejecting parenting styles were associated with higher RSA in environments of low family stress and lower RSA in environments of high family stress (β = -0.60, p = .014). These findings may be explained by the Yerkes-Dodson law of optimal stress, suggesting that sufficient environmental challenge is needed to catalyze regulatory development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Lisitsa
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - China R Bolden
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Benjamin D Johnson
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Amy H Mezulis
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington, USA
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17
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Kim HJ, Kim HJ, Kim HK. The quality and quantity of mother-toddler conflicts in two contexts. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Why do parents use screen media with toddlers? The role of child temperament and parenting stress in early screen use. Infant Behav Dev 2021; 64:101595. [PMID: 34153781 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Considering child characteristics may be an important piece to understanding parental decision-making for children's screen use. The current cross-sectional study examined the mediating role of maternal parenting stress in the relation of child temperament to young children's screen use. Recognizing the multidimensional aspects of temperament, three mediated pathways for three temperament domains (i.e., negative affectivity, surgency, and effortful control) were tested. Mothers of toddlers, 18-36 months (N = 296), completed an online survey, reporting on child temperament, total parenting stress, and child screen use. The results showed that mother-child dynamics were related to toddlers' screen use. Toddlers' negative affectivity and effortful control were each associated with toddlers' screen use through maternal parenting stress. Higher negative affectivity was associated with higher maternal parenting stress, which in turn, was related to greater screen use in toddlers. Toddlers' lower effortful control was related to higher maternal parenting stress, which in turn, was associated with greater screen use. Toddlers' surgency was not related to either maternal parenting stress or toddlers' screen use. The findings from this study contribute to an understanding of media-related parenting in toddlerhood and may help with the development of strategies for supporting healthy media habits in families with young children.
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19
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Steenhoff T, Tharner A, Vaever MS. Internalizing and externalizing problems in preschool children: The role of mothers' and fathers' observed parenting behavior in a well-resourced sample. Scand J Psychol 2021; 62:374-385. [PMID: 33719054 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Empirical evidence links sensitive parenting behavior to positive developmental trajectories in children, whereas parental intrusiveness, in contrast, has been found to increase the risk of socio-emotional problems in children of various ages. However, most studies investigating the effect of parenting behavior have been conducted with mothers. Thus, little is yet known about fathers' role in child development and if mothers' and fathers' parenting behaviors are linked to child socio-emotional outcomes in similar or different ways. To date, findings are ambiguous, and this is why more studies are needed. The present study examined associations between mothers' and fathers' observed sensitivity and intrusiveness and children's internalizing and externalizing problems as reported by parents and by children themselves. The sample compromised 52 mothers, 41 fathers and their preschool children. Results from hierarchical regression analyses showed a negative association between fathers' intrusiveness, at low levels, and children's internalizing problems. This result was unexpected. However, in line with this finding, a number of recent studies suggest that when fathers challenge and push their children's limits, it buffers against emotional problems such as anxiety. The present study highlights the importance of a continuous investigation into fathers' potentially unique contribution to children's socio-emotional development. No other associations were identified between mothers' and fathers' parenting behaviors and children's internalizing and externalizing problems. Most likely, because this study was conducted with a low-risk sample, where children were in general well-functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Steenhoff
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Tharner
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mette S Vaever
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Wilson S, Olino TM. A developmental perspective on personality and psychopathology across the life span. J Pers 2021; 89:915-932. [PMID: 33550639 PMCID: PMC10142293 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Taking a developmental perspective, guided by core principles of developmental science and developmental psychopathology, is necessary to move the fields of personality science and psychopathology forward. Personality and psychopathology can be delineated using hierarchical models of individual differences, as evidenced by decades of converging evidence across community and psychiatric samples, countries and cultures, and ages and developmental periods. A large body of empirical research likewise documents associations between personality and various forms of psychopathology. Cross-sectional investigations of personality-psychopathology links in samples of adults now yield diminishing returns. Prospective, longitudinal investigations that assess personality, psychopathology, and their co-development across the life span are needed to determine their temporal ordering, capture dynamic associations over time and development, and elucidate causal origins and underlying mechanisms. We lay out a developmental framework that integrates across the developmental, personality, and psychopathology literatures in order to further understanding and guide future investigations of the nature of personality-psychopathology links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylia Wilson
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Thomas M Olino
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Rantalainen K, Paavola-Ruotsalainen L, Alakortes J, Carter AS, Ebeling HE, Kunnari S. Early vocabulary development: Relationships with prelinguistic skills and early social-emotional/behavioral problems and competencies. Infant Behav Dev 2021; 62:101525. [PMID: 33472097 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2020.101525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate early vocabulary development and its relationships with prelinguistic communication skills and social-emotional/behavioral (SEB1) problems and competencies. The participants were 58 healthy Finnish-speaking children (30 girls, 28 boys). First, the concurrent relationships were investigated at the age of 18 months. Second, the relationships between prelinguistic communication skills and SEB problems and competencies at 18 months, and subsequent vocabulary scores at 24 and 30 months, were examined. Parental reports on early vocabulary (MacArthur Communicative Developmental Inventories; MCDI), prelinguistic communication skills (The Infant-Toddler Checklist of the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile; ITC), SEB problems and competencies (Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment; BITSEA) were gathered. Compared to boys, girls scored significantly higher on ITC Speech Composite at 18 months and expressive vocabulary measures at 18, 24, and 30 months. Vocabulary, as well as prelinguistic communication measures, correlated with SEB competencies at 18 months. Furthermore, vocabulary, as well as ITC Symbolic Composite and Total Score, correlated negatively with externalizing problem and SEB Total Problem scores. With regard to subsequent vocabulary development, all of the prelinguistic communication measures at 18 months correlated with vocabulary at 24 and 30 months. However, when accounted for gender and earlier vocabulary, only the associations with ITC Speech Composite and Total Score at 24 months remained significant. SEB Competencies at 18 months correlated positively, while externalizing problems at 18 months correlated negatively with vocabulary at 24 and 30 months, however, these associations did not remain significant, when accounted for gender and earlier vocabulary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katariina Rantalainen
- Faculty of Humanities, Logopedics, Child Language Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Sanapolku Oy, Therapy Center, Kouvola, Finland.
| | - Leila Paavola-Ruotsalainen
- Faculty of Humanities, Logopedics, Child Language Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Attentio Oy, Therapy Center, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaana Alakortes
- Unit of Child Psychiatry, Health Care Services for Families with Children, Family Services, Kainuu Social and Health Care Joint Authority, Kajaani, Finland; PEDEGO Research Unit, Clinic of Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alice S Carter
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, USA
| | - Hanna E Ebeling
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Clinic of Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sari Kunnari
- Faculty of Humanities, Logopedics, Child Language Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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22
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Heinonen K, Räikkönen K, Scheier MF, Pesonen A, Keskivaara P, Järvenpää A, Strandberg T. Parents' optimism is related to their ratings of their children's behaviour. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Associations between parents' dispositional optimism‐pessimism (LOT‐R) and their ratings of their children's behaviour were studied prospectively from infancy (M = 6.3, SD = 1.3 months) to middle childhood (M = 5.5, SD = 0.23 years) (n = 212). One parent's higher optimism (overall LOT‐R and component score) and/or lower pessimism (component score) at infancy predicted the same parent's own but not the other parent's ratings of the child's behaviour as less internalising and less externalising, and socially more competent and greater in self‐mastery in middle childhood, even when controlling for child's positive and negative affectivity 5 years earlier. Ratings of lower negative affectivity in their infant predicted the same parent's increasing optimism and decreasing pessimism over 5 years. The associations between parental optimism and the child's social competence and self‐mastery survived after adjustments for parental neuroticism and depressive symptoms. Neither parent nor child gender systematically moderated the associations. The current findings shed light on the developmental paths of children's positive behavioural outcomes. (n = 144). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Heinonen
- Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna‐Liisa Järvenpää
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Strandberg
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, University of Oulu and University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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23
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Morris AS, Wakschlag L, Krogh-Jespersen S, Fox N, Planalp B, Perlman SB, Shuffrey LC, Smith B, Lorenzo NE, Amso D, Coles CD, Johnson SP. Principles for Guiding the Selection of Early Childhood Neurodevelopmental Risk and Resilience Measures: HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study as an Exemplar. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2020; 1:247-267. [PMID: 33196052 PMCID: PMC7649097 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-020-00025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The vast individual differences in the developmental origins of risk and resilience pathways combined with sophisticated capabilities of big data science increasingly point to the imperative of large, neurodevelopmental consortia to capture population heterogeneity and key variations in developmental trajectories. At the same time, such large-scale population-based designs involving multiple independent sites also must weigh competing demands. For example, the need for efficient, scalable assessment strategies must be balanced with the need for nuanced, developmentally sensitive phenotyping optimized for linkage to neural mechanisms and specification of common and distinct exposure pathways. Standardized epidemiologic batteries designed for this purpose such as PhenX (consensus measures for Phenotypes and eXposures) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox provide excellent "off the shelf" assessment tools that are well-validated and enable cross-study comparability. However, these standardized toolkits can also constrain ability to leverage advances in neurodevelopmental measurement over time, at times disproportionately advantaging established measures. In addition, individual consortia often expend exhaustive effort "reinventing the wheel," which is inefficient and fails to fully maximize potential synergies with other like initiatives. To address these issues, this paper lays forth an early childhood neurodevelopmental assessment strategy, guided by a set of principles synthesizing developmental and pragmatic considerations generated by the Neurodevelopmental Workgroup of the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Planning Consortium. These principles emphasize characterization of both risk- and resilience-promoting processes. Specific measurement recommendations to HBCD are provided to illustrate application. However, principles are intended as a guiding framework to transcend any particular initiative as a broad neurodevelopmentally informed, early childhood assessment strategy for large-scale consortia science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Sheffield Morris
- Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University, 700 North Greenwood Ave, Tulsa, OK 74106 USA
| | - Lauren Wakschlag
- Department of Medical and Social Sciences, & Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Sheila Krogh-Jespersen
- Department of Medical and Social Sciences, & Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Nathan Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - Beth Planalp
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Susan B. Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University- St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Lauren C. Shuffrey
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Beth Smith
- Division of Research on Children, Youth, and Family, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles; Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Program, The Saban Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Nicole E. Lorenzo
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - Dima Amso
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Claire D. Coles
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Scott P. Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
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24
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Beeson CML, Brittain H, Vaillancourt T. The Temporal Precedence of Peer Rejection, Rejection Sensitivity, Depression, and Aggression Across Adolescence. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2020; 51:781-791. [PMID: 32462359 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We examined the temporal precedence between perceived peer rejection, rejection sensitivity, depression, and aggression in a sample of 544 adolescents (55.7% girls; Mage = 14.96 years at the first measured time point) assessed yearly from Grade 9 to Grade 12. Using developmental cascade modelling to analyze the data, our study supported the symptoms-driven and social process models, in that perceived rejection was preceded by either depression or aggression at different times across adolescence. Similarly, rejection sensitivity was also preceded by depression and/or aggression. Although depression initiated the cascade leading to rejection sensitivity, our model also supported a bidirectional relation across late adolescence as rejection sensitivity also predicted future depression. Overall, our findings provide support that internalizing and externalizing problems lead to interpersonal difficulties with peers, such as perceived rejection and demonstrate the unique role of rejection sensitivity with regard to depression and aggression independent from perceived peer rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tracy Vaillancourt
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, 145 Jean-Jacques-Lussier, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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25
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Hudson JL, Murayama K, Meteyard L, Morris T, Dodd HF. Early Childhood Predictors of Anxiety in Early Adolescence. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 47:1121-1133. [PMID: 30569254 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-0495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This longitudinal study examined a multitude of early childhood predictors of anxiety symptoms and disorders over an 8-year period. The purpose of the study was to identify early life predictors of anxiety across childhood and early adolescence in a sample of at-risk children. The sample included 202 preschool children initially identified as behaviorally inhibited or uninhibited between the ages of 3 years 2 months and 4 years 5 months. Temperament and familial environment variables were assessed using observation and parent report at baseline. Anxiety symptoms and disorders were assessed using questionnaires and diagnostic interviews at baseline (age 4), and at age 6, 9 and 12 years. In line with our hypotheses, the findings showed that preschool children were more likely to experience anxiety symptoms and disorders over time i) when the child was inhibited, ii) when there was a history of maternal anxiety disorders or iii) when mothers displayed high levels of overinvolvement. Further, the study identified a significant interaction effect between temperament and maternal overvinvolvement such that behaviorally inhibited preschoolers had higher anxiety symptoms at age 12, only in the presence of maternal overinvolvement at age 4. The increased risk of anxiety in inhibited children was mitigated when mothers demonstrated low levels of overinvolvement at age 4. This study provides evidence of both additive and interactive effects of temperament and family environment on the development of anxiety and provides important information for the identification of families who will most likely benefit from targeted early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hudson
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Kou Murayama
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan
| | - Lotte Meteyard
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Talia Morris
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Helen F Dodd
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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26
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Kohlhoff J, Morgan S, Briggs N, Egan R, Niec L. Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with Toddlers in a community-based setting: Improvements in parenting behavior, emotional availability, child behavior, and attachment. Infant Ment Health J 2020; 41:543-562. [PMID: 32589327 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with Toddlers (PCIT-T) is a new attachment-based parenting intervention designed to meet the needs of children aged 12-24 months presenting with challenging behaviors. This study examined outcomes of the first phase of PCIT-T, Child Directed Interaction-Toddler (CDI-T), 4-months post treatment. Participants were 56 toddlers (Child Mage = 19.13 months) referred to receive CDI-T over an 8-week period at an Australian community-based child behavior treatment clinic for treatment of difficult toddler behaviors. Participants completed questionnaires and observational measures at baseline (Time 1), post-treatment (Time 2), and 4-month follow-up (Time 3). At both Time 2 and Time 3, there were statistically significant increases in observed positive parenting skills and emotional availability and decreases in negative parenting behaviors and child noncompliance. There were also significant improvements in parent-reported child externalizing and internalizing behaviors, parental stress, and maternal depression. There was a pattern of a shift away from attachment insecurity and attachment disorganization. Results suggest that the CDI-T phase of PCIT-T is a promising intervention for toddlers presenting with behavioral issues. Future studies should be conducted to assess efficacy in other settings, using larger samples and utilizing randomized controlled designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Kohlhoff
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Research Department, Karitane, Sydney, Australia
| | - Susan Morgan
- Research Department, Karitane, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nancy Briggs
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ryan Egan
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Larissa Niec
- Center for Children, Families, and Communities, Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA
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27
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Morales S, Miller NV, Troller-Renfree SV, White LK, Degnan KA, Henderson HA, Fox NA. Attention bias to reward predicts behavioral problems and moderates early risk to externalizing and attention problems. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 32:397-409. [PMID: 30837014 PMCID: PMC6731161 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The current study had three goals. First, we replicated recent evidence that suggests a concurrent relation between attention bias to reward and externalizing and attention problems at age 7. Second, we extended these findings by examining the relations between attention and behavioral measures of early exuberance (3 years), early effortful control (4 years), and concurrent effortful control (7 years), as well as later behavioral problems (9 years). Third, we evaluated the role of attention to reward in the longitudinal pathways between early exuberance and early effortful control to predict externalizing and attention problems. Results revealed that attention bias to reward was associated concurrently and longitudinally with behavioral problems. Moreover, greater reward bias was concurrently associated with lower levels of parent-reported effortful control. Finally, attention bias to reward moderated the longitudinal relations between early risk factors for behavioral problems (gender, exuberance, and effortful control) and later externalizing and attention problems, such that these early risk factors were most predictive of behavioral problems for males with a large attention bias to reward. These findings suggest that attention bias to reward may act as a moderator of early risk, aiding the identification of children at the highest risk for later behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Morales
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Natalie V Miller
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sonya V Troller-Renfree
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Lauren K White
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn A Degnan
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Nathan A Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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28
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis tested whether parents of preterm-born children differ from parents of full-term-born children regarding controlling parenting. METHODS Databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, and Elton B. Stephens Company were searched for cross-sectional and prospective longitudinal studies examining controlling parenting in preterm-born children. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 27 independent data sets, derived from 34 studies, with a total of 8053 participants-3265 preterm and 4788 full-term children. Parents of children born preterm were more controlling than parents of children born full-term (Hedges' g = 0.29; 95% confidence interval: 0.19-0.39; z = 5.48; p < 0.001). Heterogeneity analysis indicated significant variation in effects between studies (Q = 148.46, p < 0.001), but the effects were not moderated by gestational age, birth weight, child age, child gender, parental education, type of parenting assessment method (observational vs parental self-report), parenting dimension measured (behaviors vs attitudes), type of controlling parenting (intrusiveness vs others), study design (cross-sectional vs longitudinal), year of publication, or geographical setting of the studies (America vs Europe). CONCLUSION Findings suggest that parents of children born preterm are at higher risk for engaging in controlling parenting strategies, stressing the importance of psychosocial follow-up support for these parents.
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29
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Kohlhoff J, Morgan S, Briggs N, Egan R, Niec L. Parent–Child Interaction Therapy with Toddlers: A Community-based Randomized Controlled Trial with Children Aged 14-24 Months. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 50:411-426. [DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2020.1723599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Kohlhoff
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales
- Research Department, Karitane
| | | | - Nancy Briggs
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales
| | - Ryan Egan
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, University of Oklahoma
| | - Larissa Niec
- Center for Children, Families, and Communities, Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University
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30
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Ali E, Letourneau N, Benzies K, Ntanda H, Dewey D, Campbell T, Giesbrecht G. Maternal Prenatal Anxiety and Children’s Externalizing and Internalizing Behavioral Problems: The Moderating Roles of Maternal-Child Attachment Security and Child Sex. Can J Nurs Res 2019; 52:88-99. [DOI: 10.1177/0844562119894184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prenatal anxiety is associated with child behavioral problems. Prenatal anxiety is predictive of postnatal anxiety which can interfere with the security of maternal-child attachment and further raise the risk of child behavior problems. Secure maternal-child attachment is essential for optimal emotional health. Sex influences the type of behavior problem experienced. There is a gap in understanding whether attachment security and the sex of the child can moderate association between prenatal anxiety and children’s behavioral problems. Purpose To examine the association between prenatal anxiety and child behavioral problems and to test the moderating effects of attachment security and child sex on the association between prenatal anxiety and child behavioral problems. Methods Secondary analysis of data from 182 mothers and their children, enrolled in the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition Study using Hayes' (2013) conditional process modeling. Results Prenatal anxiety was associated with both externalizing ( b = −0.53; standard error ( SE) = 0.20; p = 0.009) and internalizing ( b = −0.32; SE = 0.13; p = 0.01) behaviors only in children with an insecure style of attachment. Child sex did not moderate the association between prenatal anxiety and children's behavioral problems. Conclusions Attachment security moderated the association between prenatal anxiety and children’s externalizing and internalizing behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ali
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nicole Letourneau
- Faculty of Nursing, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Karen Benzies
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Henry Ntanda
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Deborah Dewey
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tavis Campbell
- Faculty of Arts, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gerry Giesbrecht
- Faculty of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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31
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Marital Status Disruptions and Internalizing Disorders of Children. PSYCHIATRY JOURNAL 2019; 2019:4634967. [PMID: 31281824 PMCID: PMC6590580 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4634967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Marital disruption (i.e., separation or divorce) impacts an estimated 40-50% of married couples. Previous research has shown that marital disruption results in negative health outcomes for children and adolescents. Our study aims to investigate the relationship between marital disruptions and internalizing disorders of children in a prospective cohort. Comparisons between marital status groups at each time point showed a significant difference in CBCL score between children in married and unmarried families at 3 years of age, with children in unmarried families having a 0.10 higher standardized CBCL score (95% CI: 0.09-0.12; p<.0001). Differences in CBCL score by marital status were not significant at 5 and 9 years after adjusting for confounders. Parental marital status is associated with an increased CBCL internalizing behavior score at 3 years of age, but the association disappears at later time points.
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32
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Fox AR, Aldrich JT, Ahles JJ, Mezulis AH. Stress and parenting predict changes in adolescent respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 61:1214-1224. [PMID: 31077349 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period for the development of physiological emotion regulatory systems. While stressful life experiences are known to inhibit adaptive regulation, less is known about how parental socialization of emotion regulation may affect this relation. We examined the effect of stressful life experiences on changes in the resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) levels of 107 (Mage = 12.84, SD = 0.85) young adolescents over a year, moderated by supportive parental responses to negative emotions. The significant interaction (B = 0.02, p = 0.04) indicated that young adolescents who experienced low levels of supportive parenting in the context of high levels of stressful life experiences showed significant decreases in resting RSA over the year, while adolescents who experienced high levels of supportive parenting showed minimal decreases in RSA. Thus, more supportive parenting significantly compensated for the effect of greater stressful life experiences on changes in resting RSA over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Fox
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jaclyn T Aldrich
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joshua J Ahles
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington
| | - Amy H Mezulis
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington
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Trajectories of Externalizing Behavior Problems in Young Children and its Associations with Elementary School Adjustment and Executive Function Difficulties: Using Growth Mixture Modeling. ADONGHAKOEJI 2018. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2018.39.6.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Hernandez E, Carmichael K, Kiliç Ş, Dunsmore JC. Linguistic indirectness in parent–preschooler reminiscing about emotion‐related events: Links with emotion regulation and psychosocial adjustment. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Şükran Kiliç
- Department of Early Childhood and Education Aksaray University Aksaray Turkey
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Wagner NJ, Hastings PD, Rubin KH. Children's autonomic functioning moderates links between maternal rejecting attitudes and preschool aggressive behaviors. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 60:739-747. [PMID: 29927485 PMCID: PMC6107380 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Substantial theoretical and empirical literature suggests that the extent to which children's early experiences contribute to the development of aggressive behaviors may depend on the psychophysiological regulatory capacities of the child. This study adds to this literature by examining the relations between mothers' rejecting child-rearing attitudes and children's aggressive behaviors, as well as whether children's parasympathetic regulation, both at rest and in response to anger-inducing films, moderate these links. Using the data collected from 88 preschoolers (mage = 51 months), the results revealed that the positive association between mothers' rejecting child-rearing attitudes and children's aggressive behaviors was moderated by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity to anger. More rejecting child-rearing attitudes predicted more aggressive behaviors only for children who showed mild RSA suppression to RSA augmentation. Conversely, and consistent with the differential-susceptibility model, children who showed mild RSA suppression to RSA augmentation had the fewest aggressive behaviors when mothers reported less rejecting child-rearing attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Wagner
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 64 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, , 252-290-7444
| | - Paul D. Hastings
- Department of Psychology, UC Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95618
| | - Kenneth H. Rubin
- Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, Benjamin Building, RM 3304, 3942 Campus Dr., College Park, MD 20742
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van Dijk R, Deković M, Bunte TL, Schoemaker K, Zondervan-Zwijnenburg M, Espy KA, Matthys W. Mother-Child Interactions and Externalizing Behavior Problems in Preschoolers over Time: Inhibitory Control as a Mediator. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 45:1503-1517. [PMID: 28138808 PMCID: PMC5655588 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-016-0258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown links between parenting and externalizing behavior problems in young children over time. Associations between inhibitory control, one of the executive functions, and externalizing behavior problems are widely established as well. Yet, the role of inhibitory control in the maintenance and change of externalizing behavior problems over time remains unclear. We examined whether inhibitory control could explain the link between mother-child interactions measured on a moment-to-moment timescale and preschoolers’ externalizing behavior problems as reported by teachers. With a sample of 173 predominantly clinically referred preschoolers (76.9% boys) we tested a longitudinal model proposing that affective dyadic flexibility and maternal negative affect predict as well as interact in predicting hyperactive/impulsive behavior and aggressive behavior, with preschoolers’ inhibitory control as a mediator. Our results provide support for this model for preschoolers’ hyperactive/impulsive behavior, but not for aggressive behavior. Hence, inhibitory control is identified as a mechanism linking the content and structure of mother-child interactions to preschoolers’ hyperactivity and impulsivity over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne van Dijk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maja Deković
- Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa L. Bunte
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Schoemaker
- Department of Clinical Child & Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kimberly A. Espy
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Walter Matthys
- Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Hastings PD. The socialization of emotion by parents: Following Saarni’s legacy. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2018.1482210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Hastings
- Psychology, Center for Mind & Brain, University of California Davis , Davis, CA, USA
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Kluczniok D, Boedeker K, Hindi Attar C, Jaite C, Bierbaum AL, Fuehrer D, Paetz L, Dittrich K, Herpertz SC, Brunner R, Winter S, Heinz A, Roepke S, Heim C, Bermpohl F. Emotional availability in mothers with borderline personality disorder and mothers with remitted major depression is differently associated with psychopathology among school-aged children. J Affect Disord 2018; 231:63-73. [PMID: 29453011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both, maternal borderline personality disorder (BPD) and maternal major depressive disorder (MDD) are often associated with adverse consequences for children, including increased risk for child behavior problems. Reduced maternal emotional availability might play a critical role in transmitting maternal psychopathology on the child. Our aim was to investigate the association between emotional availability and maternal BPD and MDD in remission (rMDD), and if this interrelatedness mediates the association between maternal mental disorders and child behavior problems. METHODS The interaction of 178 mother-child dyads was assessed during a play situation using the Emotional Availability Scales. Children were between 5 and 12 years old. Regression analyses were used to investigate the impact of maternal BPD and maternal rMDD on emotional availability. Ordinary least squares regression analyses using bootstrapping were conducted to investigate the mediating effect of emotional availability on the association between maternal mental disorders and child behavior problems. RESULTS Mothers with BPD showed increased hostility during mother-child interaction, whereas history of MDD was associated with reduced sensitivity. Maternal hostility was a mediator between maternal BPD and number of child psychiatric disorders, as well as externalizing and internalizing behavior. Maternal sensitivity mediated the association between maternal rMDD and number of child psychiatric disorders, as well as internalizing child behavior. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that mothers with BPD show a qualitatively different pattern of emotional availability compared to mothers with rMDD. These patterns might reflect two separate pathways of transgenerational transmission of aspects of maternal mental disorders, where intervention and training programs could start: maternal rMDD impacts on child behavior problems via reduced sensitivity, and maternal BPD via increased hostility, which could both be addressed with specific therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Kluczniok
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Katja Boedeker
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Catherine Hindi Attar
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Jaite
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Bierbaum
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Fuehrer
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa Paetz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Dittrich
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine C Herpertz
- Department for General Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Romuald Brunner
- Section for Disorders of Personality Development, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Winter
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Roepke
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Heim
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Department of Medical Psychology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Bermpohl
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
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Kingston D, Kehler H, Austin MP, Mughal MK, Wajid A, Vermeyden L, Benzies K, Brown S, Stuart S, Giallo R. Trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy and the first 12 months postpartum and child externalizing and internalizing behavior at three years. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195365. [PMID: 29652937 PMCID: PMC5898728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most evidence of the association between maternal depression and children’s development is limited by being cross-sectional. To date, few studies have modelled trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms from pregnancy through the early postpartum years and examined their association with social emotional and behavior functioning in preschool children. The objectives of this study were to: 1) identify distinct groups of women defined by their trajectories of depressive symptoms across four time points from mid-pregnancy to one year postpartum; and 2) examine the associations between these trajectories and child internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Methods We analyzed data from the All Our Families (AOF) study, a large, population based pregnancy cohort of mother-child dyads in Alberta, Canada. The AOF study is an ongoing pregnancy cohort study designed to investigate relationships between the prenatal and early life period and outcomes for children and mothers. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Children’s behavioral functioning at age 3 was assessed using the Behavior Scales developed for the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. Longitudinal latent class analysis was conducted to identify trajectories of women’s depressive symptoms across four time points from pregnancy to 1 year postpartum. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the relationship between trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms and children’s behavior, while adjusting for other significant maternal, child and psychosocial factors. Results 1983 participants met eligibility criteria. We identified four distinct trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms: low level (64.7%); early postpartum (10.9%); subclinical (18.8%); and persistent high (5.6%). In multivariable models, the proportion of children with elevated behavior symptoms was highest for children whose mothers had persistent high depressive symptoms, followed by mothers with moderate symptoms (early postpartum and subclinical trajectories) and lowest for minimal symptoms. After accounting for demographic, child and psychosocial factors, the relationships between depression trajectories and child hyperactivity/inattention, physical aggression (subclinical trajectory only) and separation anxiety symptoms remained significant. Conclusion These findings suggest both externalizing and internalizing children’s behaviors are associated with prolonged maternal depressive symptoms. There is a good case for the need to move beyond overly simplistic clinical cutoff approaches of depressed/not depressed in screening for perinatal depression. Women with elevated depressive symptoms at clinical and subclinical levels need to be identified, provided with evidence-based treatment, and monitored with repeat screening to improve maternal mental health outcomes and reduce the risk of associated negative outcomes on children’s early social-emotional and behavior development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Kingston
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Heather Kehler
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marie-Paule Austin
- St John of God Health Care, Burwood, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Abdul Wajid
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lydia Vermeyden
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen Benzies
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephanie Brown
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott Stuart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of Amreica
| | - Rebecca Giallo
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Callous-Unemotional Traits and Autonomic Functioning in Toddlerhood Interact to Predict Externalizing Behaviors in Preschool. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 46:1439-1450. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-017-0374-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Anderson S, Qiu W, Wheeler SJ. THE QUALITY OF FATHER-CHILD ROUGH-AND-TUMBLE PLAY AND TODDLERS' AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN CHINA. Infant Ment Health J 2017; 38:726-742. [PMID: 29069537 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of the quality of early father-child rough-and-tumble play (RTP) on toddler aggressive behaviors and more fully understand how child, mother, and father characteristics were associated with higher quality father-child RTP among contemporary urban Chinese families. Participants included 42 families in Changsha, China. Play observations of fathers and their children were coded for RTP quality. The specific RTP quality of father-child reciprocity of dominance was associated with fewer toddler aggressive behaviors, as rated by both fathers and mothers. Mothers' democratic parenting attitudes were associated with higher quality father-child RTP. These findings suggest that higher quality father-child RTP may be one way in which some fathers influence children's expression of aggressive behaviors, and the quality of father-child RTP may be influenced by the broader family, social, and cultural contexts.
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Ren L, Zhang X. Paternal parenting, child temperament, and problem behaviour: An investigation among young Hong Kong children. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Ren
- Faculty of Education; East China Normal University; Shanghai China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Faculty of Education; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
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Abstract
Disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs), specifically oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, are common, serious, and treatable conditions among preschoolers. DBDs are marked by frequent aggression, deceitfulness, and defiance, and often persist through the lifespan. Exposure to harsh or inconsistent parenting, as frequently seen with parental depression and stress, increases DBD risk. Candidate genes that may increase DBD risk in the presence of childhood adversity have also been identified, but more research is needed. Neurophysiologic and structural correlates with DBD also exist. Parent management training programs, focusing on increasing parenting competence and confidence, are the gold standard treatment of preschool DBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mini Tandon
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8134, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrea Giedinghagen
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8134, St Louis, MO, USA.
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Macari SL, Koller J, Campbell DJ, Chawarska K. Temperamental markers in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2017; 58:819-828. [PMID: 28317113 PMCID: PMC5747932 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although temperament has been recognized as an important contributor to childhood psychopathology, its role in emergent autism spectrum phenotypes is not well understood. This study examined whether toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) display temperamental vulnerabilities compared to toddlers with other developmental challenges, whether these characteristics are distinct from core autism symptoms, if they are stable over time, and if they contribute to social outcomes in preschool. METHODS Parents of 165 toddlers with ASD, 58 nonverbal ability- and chronological age- (CA) matched developmentally delayed (DD) toddlers, and 92 CA-matched typically developing (TD) toddlers completed the Toddler Behavior Assessment Questionnaire-Supplemental (TBAQ-S) at 26 months (SD = 6; Time 1). TBAQ-S data were also available for a subset of toddlers with ASD (n = 126) at 43 months (SD = 9; Time 2). RESULTS Compared to the DD and TD groups, toddlers with ASD exhibited vulnerabilities within the Effortful Control domain as well as the Surgency domain. They also displayed greater Negative Emotionality compared to TD peers. In the ASD group, temperamental characteristics were not concurrently related to autism severity or developmental level and individual differences were highly stable over time. Changes in Perceptual Sensitivity, Inhibitory Control, and Low-Intensity Pleasure from age 2 to 3.5 uniquely predicted autism symptom severity and adaptive social skill level at Time 2. CONCLUSIONS Temperamental vulnerabilities in toddlers with ASD are stable over time and involve attentional and behavioral control as well as affective reactivity. They contribute uniquely to social outcomes in preschool and are likely to signal risk for developing later maladaptive attentional, affective, and behavioral symptoms. Considering biologically based dimensions may shed light on noncore facets of the early ASD phenotype that are potentially relevant to the emergence of comorbid conditions later in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne L Macari
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Judah Koller
- School of Education, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Development of a Teacher Rating Scale of Childcare Adaptation for Infants and Toddlers. ADONGHAKOEJI 2016. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2016.37.6.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Briscoe C, Stack DM, Serbin LA, Ledingham JE, Schwartzman AE. Maternal guidance in at-risk mother-child dyads: Associations with contextual variables. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Briscoe
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Research in Human Development; Concordia University; Quebec Canada
| | - Dale M. Stack
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Research in Human Development; Concordia University; Quebec Canada
| | - Lisa A. Serbin
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Research in Human Development; Concordia University; Quebec Canada
| | | | - Alex E. Schwartzman
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Research in Human Development; Concordia University; Quebec Canada
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Wang FL, Eisenberg N, Valiente C, Spinrad TL. Role of temperament in early adolescent pure and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems using a bifactor model: Moderation by parenting and gender. Dev Psychopathol 2016; 28:1487-1504. [PMID: 26646352 PMCID: PMC4900935 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579415001224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We contribute to the literature on the relations of temperament to externalizing and internalizing problems by considering parental emotional expressivity and child gender as moderators of such relations and examining prediction of pure and co-occurring problem behaviors during early to middle adolescence using bifactor models (which provide unique and continuous factors for pure and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems). Parents and teachers reported on children's (4.5- to 8-year-olds; N = 214) and early adolescents' (6 years later; N = 168) effortful control, impulsivity, anger, sadness, and problem behaviors. Parental emotional expressivity was measured observationally and with parents' self-reports. Early-adolescents' pure externalizing and co-occurring problems shared childhood and/or early-adolescent risk factors of low effortful control, high impulsivity, and high anger. Lower childhood and early-adolescent impulsivity and higher early-adolescent sadness predicted early-adolescents' pure internalizing. Childhood positive parental emotional expressivity more consistently related to early-adolescents' lower pure externalizing compared to co-occurring problems and pure internalizing. Lower effortful control predicted changes in externalizing (pure and co-occurring) over 6 years, but only when parental positive expressivity was low. Higher impulsivity predicted co-occurring problems only for boys. Findings highlight the probable complex developmental pathways to adolescent pure and co-occurring externalizing and internalizing problems.
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Does social–behavioral adjustment mediate the relation between executive function and academic readiness? JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Parent-child coercion typically emerges in toddlerhood with the child's first acts of willful defiance and the parent's first disciplinary attempts. We explored how parents and children may contribute to this process by examining bidirectional and interactive effects between child and maternal negative behavior in 310 low-income, ethnically diverse boys. Using multiple informants and methods, child negative emotionality and maternal negative control were assessed at 18 months and child disruptive behavior and maternal negative control were measured at 24 months. Indicative of parent effects, maternal negative control at 18 months amplified the relation between children's negative emotionality at 18 months and disruptive behavior at 24 months. Child effects were found in an unexpected direction such that children's negative emotionality at 18 months predicted decreases in mothers' negative control at 24 months. Findings are discussed within a transactional framework that emphasizes mutual influence of children and parents over the course of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyein Chang
- Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Humanities and Social Sciences Campus, 25-2 Sungkyunkwan-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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Ansari A, Crosnoe R. Children's Hyperactivity, Television Viewing, and The Potential for Child Effects. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2016; 61:135-140. [PMID: 26834301 PMCID: PMC4730879 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B; n = 6,250), this study examined whether children who display difficult behaviors early in life watch more television from year-to-year. Results revealed that 4-year-old children's hyperactive, but not aggressive, behavior was associated with an increase in television watching over the ensuing year. These potential child effects, however, were embedded in both proximate and distal ecologies. That is, the association between children's hyperactivity and increases in their television exposure over time was strongest among those in the low-end of the socioeconomic distribution and those whose parents displayed less optimal mental health. It was also stronger among girls. These results underscore the importance of considering child effects in future research and how intra-familial dynamics vary across different types of family contexts.
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