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Curran T, Ito-Jaeger S, Perez Vallejos E, Crawford P. What's up with everyone?': The effectiveness of a digital media mental health literacy campaign for young people. J Ment Health 2023; 32:612-618. [PMID: 36876659 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2023.2182412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2021, the Arts and Humanities Research Council commissioned a mass-media mental health campaign called "What's up With Everyone?" Here, innovative co-created messages were professionally storied and animated by an internationally recognized production company and focused on improving mental health literacy in five core areas: competition, social media, perfectionism, loneliness and isolation, and independence. AIMS This study examines the impact of the "What's up With Everyone?" campaign on young people's mental health awareness. METHODS Seventy-one (19 males, 51 females, M age = 19.20 years, SD = 1.66, range = 17-22) young people completed a one-sample, pre-post experiment to measure changes in knowledge, attitudes, confidence, and stigma of mental health struggles, as well as help-seeking for mental ill-health before and following exposure to animations. RESULTS Paired and one-sample t-tests revealed that knowledge, attitudes, confidence, and willingness to seek support improved at post-test. There were also significant reductions in the stigma towards depression following the animations. CONCLUSIONS Continued long-term investment in campaigns such as "What's up With Everyone?" seems warranted given the impact on mental health awareness, help-seeking, and stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Curran
- Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Sachiyo Ito-Jaeger
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Elvira Perez Vallejos
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul Crawford
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Wright T, Simpson‐young V, Lennings C. Therapeutic process in the context of third party determined time limits. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-9552.2012.00043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Wright
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales
| | - Virginia Simpson‐young
- Centre for Research on Social Inclusion, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
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Hairston TR, Laux JM, O’Hara C, Roseman CP, Gore S. Counselor Education Students’ Perceptions of Wellness and Mental Health in African American Men: The Effects of Colorism. JOURNAL OF MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jmcd.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany R. Hairston
- School of Intervention and Wellness, The University of Toledo
- Now at Unison Health; Toledo Ohio
| | - John M. Laux
- School of Intervention and Wellness, The University of Toledo
| | - Caroline O’Hara
- School of Intervention and Wellness, The University of Toledo
- Now at Department of Counseling and Human Services, Syracuse University
| | | | - Shanda Gore
- Department of Early Childhood, Higher Education and Special Education, The University of Toledo
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Evidence-Based Program Service Deserts: A Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Approach to Identifying Service Gaps for State-Level Implementation Planning. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2018; 43:850-860. [PMID: 27260345 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-016-0743-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The long term effects of untreated mental health need for individuals, families and society has prompted a number of federal policy statements encouraging the use of evidence-based programs (EBP) in children's healthcare. However, among other challenges of evidence-based practice implementation, states often do not know where to make investments based on population need. In this paper we present the use of a Geographic Information System approach to undertake a mental health needs assessment for Washington State. Our study found that this technology can be beneficially applied to conducting needs assessment for EBP implementation, and we provide recommendations for future applications.
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Atherton OE, Ferrer E, Robins RW. The development of externalizing symptoms from late childhood through adolescence: A longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth. Dev Psychol 2017; 54:1135-1147. [PMID: 29251969 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Youth who exhibit externalizing problems during childhood and adolescence are at an increased risk for a wide range of detrimental life outcomes. Despite the profound consequences of externalizing problems for children, their families, and their communities, we know less about the precise trajectory of externalizing symptoms across late childhood and adolescence, because of the paucity of fine-grained longitudinal research. The present study examined the development of externalizing symptoms in a large sample (N = 674) of Mexican-origin youth, assessed annually from age 10 to 17. Specifically, we conducted analyses to better understand the trajectories of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) symptoms (and their codevelopment), as well as how gender and cultural factors influence symptom trajectories. On average, ADHD symptoms slowly declined from age 10 to 17; ODD symptoms increased until age 13 and then declined thereafter; and, CD symptoms slowly increased until age 15 and then leveled off. ADHD, ODD, and CD symptoms predicted change in each other, indicating youth may accumulate multiple forms of externalizing problems over time. Boys reported fewer externalizing problems than girls, contrary to expectations. Consistent with the Immigrant Paradox, we found that 2nd + generation youth, youth who endorsed fewer traditional Mexican cultural values (traditional gender roles, traditional family values, and religiosity), and youth who engaged in less Spanish/more English language use were at increased risk for exhibiting ADHD, ODD, and CD symptoms from childhood through adolescence. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these developmental patterns among Mexican-origin youth. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Yasui M, Pottick KJ, Chen Y. Conceptualizing Culturally Infused Engagement and Its Measurement for Ethnic Minority and Immigrant Children and Families. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2017; 20:250-332. [PMID: 28275923 PMCID: PMC5614708 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-017-0229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the central role culture plays in racial and ethnic disparities in mental health among ethnic minority and immigrant children and families, existing measures of engagement in mental health services have failed to integrate culturally specific factors that shape these families' engagement with mental health services. To illustrate this gap, the authors systematically review 119 existing instruments that measure the multi-dimensional and developmental process of engagement for ethnic minority and immigrant children and families. The review is anchored in a new integrated conceptualization of engagement, the culturally infused engagement model. The review assesses culturally relevant cognitive, attitudinal, and behavioral mechanisms of engagement from the stages of problem recognition and help seeking to treatment participation that can help illuminate the gaps. Existing measures examined four central domains pertinent to the process of engagement for ethnic minority and immigrant children and families: (a) expressions of mental distress and illness, (b) causal explanations of mental distress and illness, (c) beliefs about mental distress and illness, and (d) beliefs and experiences of seeking help. The findings highlight the variety of tools that are used to measure behavioral and attitudinal dimensions of engagement, showing the limitations of their application for ethnic minority and immigrant children and families. The review proposes directions for promising research methodologies to help intervention scientists and clinicians improve engagement and service delivery and reduce disparities among ethnic minority and immigrant children and families at large, and recommends practical applications for training, program planning, and policymaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Yasui
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, 969 E 60th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Kathleen J Pottick
- School of Social Work and Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 112 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, 969 E 60th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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Treating the Child or Syndrome: Does Context Matter for Treatment Decisions for Antisocially Behaving Youth? JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-017-9599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Markova V, Sandal GM. Lay Explanatory Models of Depression and Preferred Coping Strategies among Somali Refugees in Norway. A Mixed-Method Study. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1435. [PMID: 27713719 PMCID: PMC5031692 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Refugees are at high risk of experiencing mental health problems due to trauma in their pasts and to acculturation stress as they settle in a new country. To develop efficient health services that meet the needs of refugees from different regions, an understanding is required of how they make sense of and prefer to cope with mental health problems. This study aims to investigate lay explanatory models of depression and preferred coping strategies among Somali refugees in Norway. Methods: The study used a mixed-method design with a vignette describing a moderately depressed person based on ICD-10 criteria. Firstly, a survey study was performed among Somali refugees (n = 101). Respondents were asked to give advice to the vignette character and complete the Cross-Cultural Depression Coping Inventory and the General Help-Seeking Questionnaire. Secondly, focus group interviews (n = 10) were conducted separately with males and females to examine the relationship between the explanatory models of depression and the preferred coping strategies. Results: The participants showed a strong preference for coping with depression by religious practices and reliance on family, friends, and their ethnic/religious community, rather than by seeking professional treatment from public health services (e.g., medical doctors, psychologists). Depressive symptoms were conceptualized as a problem related to cognition (thinking too much) and emotion (sadness), but not to biological mechanisms, and they were thought to result from spiritual possession, stress as a result of social isolation, and/or past trauma. Independently of time in exile, the participants showed a strong identification with their ethnic origin and associated values. Because participants emphasized the need to obey and follow the views of elders, fathers, and spiritual leaders, these authorities seemed to be "gatekeepers" for access to mental health services. Conclusion: The results highlight that mental health programs for Somali refugees should actively involve the ethnic community, including spiritual leaders, in order to reach patients in need and to foster treatment compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Markova
- Department of Pulmonology, Haukeland University HospitalBergen, Norway
| | - Gro M. Sandal
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of BergenBergen, Norway
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Liang J, Matheson BE, Douglas JM. Mental Health Diagnostic Considerations in Racial/Ethnic Minority Youth. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2016; 25:1926-1940. [PMID: 27346929 PMCID: PMC4916917 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-015-0351-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Misdiagnoses of racial/ethnic minority youth's mental health problems can potentially contribute to inappropriate mental health care. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review that focuses on current theory and empirical research in an attempt to answer the following two questions: 1) What evidence exists that supports or contradicts the idea that racial/ethnic minority youth's mental health problems are misdiagnosed? 2) What are the sources of misdiagnoses? Articles were reviewed from 1967 to 2014 using PsychINFO, PubMed, and GoogleScholar. Search terms included "race", "ethnicity", "minority", "culture", "children", "youth", "adolescents", "mental health", "psychopathology", "diagnosis", "misdiagnosis", "miscategorization", "underdiagnosis", and "overdiagnosis". Seventy-two articles and book chapters met criteria and were included in this review. Overall, evidence was found that supports the possibility of misdiagnosis of ethnic minority youth's emotional and behavioral problems. However, the evidence is limited such that it cannot be determined whether racial/ethnic differences are due to differences in psychopathology, mental health biases, and/or inaccurate diagnoses. Cultural and contextual factors that may influence misdiagnosis as well as recommendations for research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Liang
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Brittany E. Matheson
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Pediatrics
- San Diego State University/University of California Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology
| | - Jennifer M. Douglas
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Pediatrics
- San Diego State University/University of California Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology
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Model Minority Stereotype: Influence on Perceived Mental Health Needs of Asian Americans. J Immigr Minor Health 2016; 19:572-581. [DOI: 10.1007/s10903-016-0440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Lev-Ran S, Steinmetz Y, Weiser M. Attitudes towards substance use and substance use disorders among medical students in Israel. DRUGS: EDUCATION, PREVENTION AND POLICY 2016. [DOI: 10.3109/09687637.2016.1167167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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12
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Kindt KCM, Kleinjan M, Janssens JMAM, Scholte RHJ. Evaluation of a school-based depression prevention program among adolescents from low-income areas: a randomized controlled effectiveness trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:5273-93. [PMID: 24837666 PMCID: PMC4053916 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110505273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A randomized controlled trial was conducted among a potential high-risk group of 1,343 adolescents from low-income areas in The Netherlands to test the effectiveness of the depression prevention program Op Volle Kracht (OVK) as provided by teachers in a school setting. The results showed no main effect of the program on depressive symptoms at one-year follow-up. A moderation effect was found for parental psychopathology; adolescents who had parents with psychopathology and received the OVK program had less depressive symptoms compared to adolescents with parents with psychopathology in the control condition. No moderating effects on depressive symptoms were found for gender, ethnical background, and level of baseline depressive symptoms. An iatrogenic effect of the intervention was found on the secondary outcome of clinical depressive symptoms. Based on the low level of reported depressive symptoms at baseline, it seems that our sample might not meet the characteristics of a high-risk selective group for depressive symptoms. Therefore, no firm conclusions can be drawn about the selective potential of the OVK depression prevention program. In its current form, the OVK program should not be implemented on a large scale in the natural setting for non-high-risk adolescents. Future research should focus on high-risk participants, such as children of parents with psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn C M Kindt
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marloes Kleinjan
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan M A M Janssens
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ron H J Scholte
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Knaster CA, Micucci JA. The effect of client ethnicity on clinical interpretation of the MMPI-2. Assessment 2012; 20:43-7. [PMID: 23118266 DOI: 10.1177/1073191112465333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Client ethnicity has been shown to affect clinicians' diagnostic impressions. However, it is not known whether interpretation of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) clinical scales is affected by ethnic bias. In this study, clinicians (82 males, 60 females) provided severity ratings for six symptoms based on three MMPI-2 profiles (representing the 27/72, 49/94, and 68/86 code-types) with the ethnicity of the client randomly assigned as either African American or Caucasian. To determine whether symptom severity ratings based on MMPI-2 profiles were affected by ethnicity, a 3 (code-type) × 2 (ethnicity) MANOVA was performed. Neither the main effect for ethnicity nor the ethnicity × code-type interaction was significant. These results indicated that the symptom severity ratings based on the MMPI-2 clinical scales were not affected by the client's identification as African American or Caucasian. Future studies are needed to explore the interpretation of profiles from clients representing other ethnic groups and for female clients.
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Abstract
PURPOSE This paper studies how diagnosis is currently conceptualized in the field of psychiatry, and examines whether this mode of diagnosis is relevant for psychotherapeutic intervention. METHOD Narrative literature review was used in this study. RESULTS In the context of the DSM, diagnosis is equated with classification. Symptoms and complaints are approached in terms of a medical semiological model, and are seen as signs of underlying illness processes. In discussing this approach the author makes use of Gottlob Frege's theory, in which three aspects of a sign are discerned: the reference/referent or Bedeutung, the sense or Sinn, and the representation/idea or Vorstellung. Based on this distinction, it is argued that in the transition from the DSM-III to the DSM-5 much effort has been taken to disambiguate the sense attributed to symptoms and complaints, while person-specific ideas and representations have been excluded. This exclusion of the Vorstellung is criticized, both from a psychiatric and a psychotherapeutic perspective. Subsequently it is argued that whereas the DSM-III and DSM-IV avoided strong statements on etiology, the DSM-5 makes clear choices. The DSM-5, and more recently the RDoC group within the NIMH, aims at developing systems of classification that start from the assumption that psychiatric disorders are brain disorders. It is argued that by doing so a referent is classified that is different from the object of intervention that psychotherapeutic theories are concerned with. CONCLUSION Such a view of diagnosis is not workable for psychotherapy. The exclusion of personal experiences associated with symptoms and complaints is problematic and the referent that recent psychiatric classification uses, that is, brain processes, is not compatible with the referent that psychotherapeutic theories use. Case formulation can be seen as an alternative to standard classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Vanheule
- Department of Psychoanalysis and Clinical Consulting, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Dirks MA, Reyes ADL, Briggs-Gowan M, Cella D, Wakschlag LS. Annual research review: embracing not erasing contextual variability in children's behavior--theory and utility in the selection and use of methods and informants in developmental psychopathology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2012; 53:558-74. [PMID: 22360546 PMCID: PMC4720148 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the selection and use of multiple methods and informants for the assessment of disruptive behavior syndromes and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, providing a critical discussion of (a) the bidirectional linkages between theoretical models of childhood psychopathology and current assessment techniques; and (b) current knowledge concerning the utility of different methods and informants for key clinical goals. There is growing recognition that children's behavior varies meaningfully across situations, and evidence indicates that these differences, in combination with informants' unique perspectives, are at least partly responsible for inter-rater discrepancies in reports of symptomatology. Such data suggest that we should embrace this contextual variability as clinically meaningful information, moving away from models of psychopathology as generalized traits that manifest uniformly across situations and settings, and toward theoretical conceptualizations that explicitly incorporate contextual features, such as considering clinical syndromes identified by different informants to be discrete phenomena. We highlight different approaches to measurement that embrace contextual variability in children's behavior and describe how the use of such tools and techniques may yield significant gains clinically (e.g., for treatment planning and monitoring). The continued development of a variety of feasible, contextually sensitive methods for assessing children's behavior will allow us to determine further the validity of incorporating contextual features into models of developmental psychopathology and nosological frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Cella
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Lauren S. Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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McQuaid EL. Introduction to special issue: Journal of Pediatric Psychology statement of purpose--special section on diversity and health care disparities. J Pediatr Psychol 2007; 33:22-5. [PMID: 17905799 PMCID: PMC2639498 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsm093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L McQuaid
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Providence, USA.
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