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Figueiredo S, Arrieux J, Abdallah S, McCall TC, Koch U, Oliveira E. Can the different versions of the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure be used to measure burnout among healthcare professionals? A systematic review of psychometric properties. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2024; 8:108. [PMID: 39325224 PMCID: PMC11427641 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-024-00788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of Occupational Burnout is high among healthcare professionals (HCP). Hence, it is crucial to have robust measures for ascertaining burnout in this population. The Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure is a prevalent tool used in the diagnosis of burnout, and in the delivery planning of mental health services. The 14-item Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM) was developed after a methodological revision of the 22-item Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire (SMBQ). Studies on the psychometric properties of the SMBM and SMBQ exist, but there remains a need for thorough evaluation to assess the methodological quality of individual studies. To address this gap, this systematic review aimed to critically appraise the measurement properties of the different versions of the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure/Questionnaire (SMBM/Q) used among healthcare professionals. METHODOLOGY Four databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and Scopus) were searched for studies on the psychometric properties of all versions of the SMBM/Q among HCP. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist. Evidence supporting the measurement properties (EMP) of the SMBM was synthesized using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. RESULTS Our final pool consisted of five research articles. One study on the 12-item SMBM was included to estimate content validity, two studies reported on the 14-item SMBM, while the other two employed the 22-item version. Interestingly, each study used the SMBM in a different language, namely English/Hebrew, Chinese, French, Serbian, and Swedish. Structural validity, internal consistency, and construct validity are the SMBM's most assessed measurement properties. The Hebrew and French versions demonstrated high levels of structural validity and internal consistency, and the remaining reports on validity demonstrated low levels due to methodological flaws. CONCLUSIONS Per COSMIN guidelines, the SMBM should not be utilized for clinical purposes due to insufficient content validity, but has promising potential with ongoing research. Engaging critical stakeholders for concept elicitation will ensure the relevance, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility of the PRO items. Likewise, establishing an MIC will allow capturing change over time, which will benefit longitudinal experimental studies. Occupational burnout is a significant problem among healthcare professionals, and it is crucial to have a reliable tool to measure it. The Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM) is commonly used to diagnose burnout and plan mental health services. Studies on the psychometric properties of the SMBM exist, but there remains a need for thorough evaluation to assess the methodological quality of individual studies. To address this gap, this systematic review critically appraised the measurement properties of the different versions of the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM) used among healthcare professionals. Our findings indicate that only a few studies have examined the SMBM, and they have used the tool in different languages. Structural validity, internal consistency, and construct validity are the SMBM's most assessed measurement properties. We recommend that more research is needed to assess the content validity of the SMBM. We also suggest that critical stakeholders should be involved in the development of the SMBM to ensure that it is relevant, comprehensive, and understandable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Figueiredo
- Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, 2600 Virginia Ave NW, Suite 300, Office 350, Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
| | - Jacques Arrieux
- Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, 2600 Virginia Ave NW, Suite 300, Office 350, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Samia Abdallah
- Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, 2600 Virginia Ave NW, Suite 300, Office 350, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Timothy C McCall
- Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, 2600 Virginia Ave NW, Suite 300, Office 350, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
- National Association of County and City Health Officials, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ulrich Koch
- Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, 2600 Virginia Ave NW, Suite 300, Office 350, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Eliezer Oliveira
- Children's National Hospital, Family Services, Washington, DC, USA
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Olsson LF, Glandorf HL, Black JF, Jeggo REK, Stanford JR, Drew KL, Madigan DJ. A multi-sample examination of the relationship between athlete burnout and sport performance. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 76:102747. [PMID: 39307330 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Athlete burnout potentially has negative consequences for sport performance. However, to the best of our knowledge, empirical studies have yet to examine the relationship between athlete burnout and objective sport performance. Consequently, we aimed to provide a first such examination. To do so, we recruited three samples. We used Sample 1 (n = 106: track and field athletes) to examine the predictive utility of athlete burnout on a single performance, Sample 2 (n = 181: swimmers) to examine whether the findings from Sample 1 can be replicated in a different sport, and Sample 3 (n = 169: track and field athletes) to examine the predictive utility of athlete burnout on peak performance in a three-month period. Finally, having captured three samples each assessing the athlete burnout-performance relationship, we also sought to quantify the combined effect across these samples using a relatively new analytical technique - mini meta-analysis. Results from regression analyses showed that in at least two of the three samples total burnout, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation each negatively predicted performance, whereas emotional and physical exhaustion was unrelated to performance. When we combined the samples, mini meta-analysis showed that total burnout, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation each displayed a small-to-medium negative and significant meta-correlation with performance. The findings suggest that certain athlete burnout symptoms may indeed have negative consequences for sport performance, and that this is the case when considering a single performance and peak performance.
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Sim I, Cho M, Kim B, Kim H. A study on the relationship between job-stress and burnout: Focusing on job domain among medical technologists in South Korea. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2024:1-8. [PMID: 39286870 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2024.2402728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
This study analyzed the relationship between job stress and burnout among medical technologists in South Korea by job domain. Most job stress factors showed significant correlations with burnout. Among the job stress factors, job demand, job instability, lack of reward, and occupational climate had significant impacts on burnout scores, with occupational climate exerting the greatest influence. In analysis of job stress factors influencing burnout according to job domain, the diagnostic testing department was most affected by lack of reward. In the departments of pathological examination, physiological testing, and health screening, occupational climate had a significant impact on burnout scores. This study demonstrated that the job-related stress experienced by medical technologists in South Korea is closely associated with burnout. To maintain work efficiency, it is essential that job-related burnout be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insuk Sim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Dongnam Health University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Cho
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kyungdong University, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Buom Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Kyungdong University, Yangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayeon Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Turunç Ö, Çalışkan A, Akkoç İ, Köroğlu Ö, Gürsel G, Demirci A, Hazır K, Özcanarslan N. The Impact of Intensive Care Unit Nurses' Burnout Levels on Turnover Intention and the Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:782. [PMID: 39335998 PMCID: PMC11428229 DOI: 10.3390/bs14090782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate the relationship between burnout levels among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses, turnover intention, and the mediating role of psychological resilience. METHODS This survey design was used to collect data from 228 ICU nurses from hospitals in Turkey. The study utilized self-report questionnaires to measure burnout levels, turnover intention, and psychological resilience. The data were analyzed through structural equation modeling. RESULTS In the study, a positive relationship between burnout and turnover intention and burnout and psychological resilience is significant (p ≤ 0.001). However, psychological resilience was not found to have a mediating role, indicating that other factors or variables may play a more substantial role in the relation found between burnout and turnover intention. Also, the research model's Standardized Root Mean Square Residual is expected to be less than 0.10 for the model to have an acceptable fit. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that levels of burnout among ICU nurses may have significant consequences on turnover intention. However, promoting resilience cannot help diminish the negative effects of burnout on turnover intention. The findings highlight the importance of burnout levels in nursing by synthesizing findings from the previous literature. Then, focusing on the concepts of turnover intention and psychological resilience, it explains the importance of these concepts in the Intensive Care Unit nurses and their relationships with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Turunç
- Business Administration Department, Faculty of Economic, Administrative and Social Sciences, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya 07110, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Çalışkan
- Health Management Department, School of Health Sciences, Toros University, Mersin 33140, Turkey
| | - İrfan Akkoç
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Tınaztepe University, İzmir 35400, Turkey
| | - Özlem Köroğlu
- Health Management Department, School of Health Sciences, Toros University, Mersin 33140, Turkey
| | - Güney Gürsel
- Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Konya Food and Agriculture University, Konya 42080, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Demirci
- Department of International Trade and Logistics, Faculty of Economics Administrative and Social Sciences, Toros University, Mersin 33140, Turkey
| | - Köksal Hazır
- Department of International Trade and Logistics, Faculty of Economics Administrative and Social Sciences, Toros University, Mersin 33140, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Özcanarslan
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Toros University, Mersin 33140, Turkey
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Stengård J, Leineweber C, Berthelsen H. Illegitimate work tasks: an investigation of psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the BITS instrument and its suitability in human versus 'non-human' service occupations. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1935. [PMID: 39026291 PMCID: PMC11264809 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Illegitimate tasks, i.e. working tasks that are perceived as unnecessary or unreasonable, are commonly measured by the Bern Illegitimate Tasks Scale (BITS). Despite a growing research attention paid to illegitimate tasks, the Swedish version of BITS needs yet to be properly evaluated. Moreover, previous multiorganizational studies in this field have taken for granted, without really testing it, that the instrument functions invariantly in different contexts; a prerequisite for meaningful comparisons. METHODS Two occupational groups that differs hugely-966 human services workers (teachers and registered nurses) and 750 non-'human service' workers (construction and IT-workers) were targeted utilizing questionnaires data collected 2018 within the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH) study. Psychometric properties, i.e., reliability, dimensionality, and measurement invariance between the occupations were examined using confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation models. Also, the associations between the two dimensions of illegitimate tasks and job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion, respectively, were tested. RESULTS Good reliability was supported and two- versus one-dimensionality showed better psychometric properties. Partial scalar measurement invariance was satisfactory supported with only 25% relaxed constraints of equal intercepts between groups. Examining the two subdimensions revealed different associations with emotional exhaustion, where the associations was more substantial for unreasonable tasks. Nevertheless, the findings point to potential improvements for future investigation. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the Swedish version of BITS is working satisfactory and allows for meaningful comparisons of occupational groups. Furthermore, construct validity of the two dimensions was corroborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Stengård
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden.
| | - Constanze Leineweber
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Hanne Berthelsen
- Center for Work Life and Evaluation Studies (CTA), Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, SE-205 06, Sweden
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Kalani S, Esfahani MD, Khanlari P. A Persian validation of the burnout assessment tool. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1849. [PMID: 38992692 PMCID: PMC11238465 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout is an increasing public health concern. Its prevalence has extended across diverse professions globally, posing significant challenges to individuals, organizations, and society. This phenomenon has undermined employee well-being, productivity, and organizational effectiveness, making it a critical concern in contemporary work environments. The present study aimed to examine the adaptation and assess the validity of the Persian version of the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT). METHODS The adaptation process included the translation and back-translation of the BAT. Data were collected on a sample of 580 teachers using the convenience sampling. The BAT-Persian and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale were administered to collect the data. The reliability, factorial structure of the BAT-C and BAT-S, and the convergent and discriminant validity of BAT-C and work engagement were explored. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis supported a four-factor structure for the core dimensions (BAT-C; exhaustion, mental distance, emotional impairment, cognitive impairment), and a two-factor structure for the secondary dimensions (BAT-S; psychological distress, psychosomatic complaints). In the second-order model, the item loadings on the four factors of BAT-C ranged from 0.35 to 0.85, and on two factors of BAT-S ranged from 0.63 to 0.89. The Persian versions of the BAT-C and BAT-S showed good internal consistency (respectively, α = 0.95 and 0.90). Additional evidence supports the convergent and discriminant validity of the BAT-GR. the BAT-C and its scales were negatively correlated with work engagement and dimensions (i.e., vigor, dedication, and absorption). Moreover, the BAT-S and its scales negatively correlated with work engagement and dimensions. CONCLUSIONS This study provided evidence that the Iranian version of BAT represents a reliable and valid tool for measuring burnout in the work context. A reliable and valid tool for assessing burnout in the Iranian workplace enables early detection of employee distress, allowing for timely intervention and support. This means that identifying the signs and symptoms of burnout in the early stages can prevent more severe consequences such as absenteeism, reduced productivity, or turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simindokht Kalani
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mahla Dashti Esfahani
- Department of Counselling, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Khanlari
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Holmquist S, Stenling A, Tafvelin S, Ntoumanis N, Schéle I. Dimensionality, Invariance, and Nomological Network of the Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (NSFS): An Extensive Psychometric Investigation in a Swedish Work Cohort. J Pers Assess 2024; 106:396-406. [PMID: 37772753 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2258960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the dimensionality, measurement invariance, and nomological network of the Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (NSFS) in a sample of Swedish workers. Using confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory structural equation modeling, and bifactor modeling, 30 different measurement models were evaluated cross-sectionally (n = 2123) and longitudinally (n = 1506). Measurement invariance was tested across gender and time. The nomological network of the NSFS was examined through its relations with life satisfaction and cognitive weariness. The findings supported a first-order six-factor ESEM model and measurement invariance of the Swedish version of the NSFS. Need satisfaction was positively related to life satisfaction and unrelated to cognitive weariness. Need frustration was negatively related to life satisfaction and positively related to cognitive weariness. The present study supported a six-factor structure of the Swedish NSFS, which appears suitable for assessing changes over time and gender differences in ratings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Holmquist
- Department of Applied Educational Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Stenling
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | | | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Danish Centre for Motivation and Behaviour Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Schéle
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Spector PE, Pindek S, Hayman MR, Howard DJ, Arvan ML. Travel nurse work experiences: A comparison of staff and travel nurses' burnout and job attitudes. Nurs Manag (Harrow) 2024; 55:12-20. [PMID: 38651752 PMCID: PMC11060056 DOI: 10.1097/nmg.0000000000000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
A survey of 330 hospital RNs assessed burnout, job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and perceptions of work assignments. Understanding how travel nurses' work experiences differ from the experiences of staff nurses can help nurse leaders determine the best approaches to manage and support these nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Spector
- Paul E. Spector is an organizational behavior science contractor at the Florida Health Sciences Center-Tampa General Hospital and a part-time professor at the Muma College of Business, University of South Florida in Tampa, Fla. Shani Pindek is an assistant professor at the University of Haifa in Haifa, Israel. Melisa R. Hayman is the director of patient care services at the Muma Children's Hospital, Tampa General Hospital in Tampa, Fla. David J. Howard is the director of the People Development Institute at the Florida Health Sciences Center-Tampa General Hospital in Tampa, Fla. Maryana L. Arvan is a courtesy professor at the University of South Florida in Tampa, Fla
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Afulani PA, Getahun M, Okiring J, Ogolla BA, Oboke EN, Kinyua J, Oluoch I, Odiase O, Ochiel D, Mendes WB, Ongeri L. Mixed methods evaluation of the Caring for Providers to Improve Patient Experience intervention. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024; 165:487-506. [PMID: 38146777 PMCID: PMC11021171 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of the Caring for Providers to Improve Patient Experience (CPIPE) intervention, which sought to improve person-centered maternal care (PCMC) by addressing two key drivers: provider stress and bias. METHODS CPIPE was successfully piloted over 6 months in two health facilities in Migori County, Kenya, in 2022. The evaluation employed a mixed-methods pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design. Data are from surveys with 80 providers (40 intervention, 40 control) at baseline and endline and in-depth interviews with 20 intervention providers. We conducted bivariate, multivariate, and difference-in-difference analysis of quantitative data and thematic analysis of qualitative data. RESULTS In the intervention group, average knowledge scores increased from 7.8 (SD = 2.4) at baseline to 9.5 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.8) at endline for stress (P = 0.001) and from 8.9 (SD = 1.9) to 10.7 (SD = 1.7) for bias (P = 0.001). In addition, perceived stress scores decreased from 20.9 (SD = 3.9) to 18.6 (SD = 5.3) (P = 0.019) and burnout from 3.6 (SD = 1.0) to 3.0 (SD = 1.0) (P = 0.001), with no significant change in the control group. Qualitative data indicated that CPIPE had an impact at multiple levels. At the individual level, it improved provider knowledge, skills, self-efficacy, attitudes, behaviors, and experiences. At the interpersonal level, it improved provider-provider and patient-provider relationships, leading to a supportive work environment and improved PCMC. At the institutional level, it created a system of accountability for providing PCMC and nondiscriminatory care, and collective action and advocacy to address sources of stress. CONCLUSION CPIPE impacted multiple outcomes in the theory of change, leading to improvements in both provider and patient experience, including for the most vulnerable patients. These findings will contribute to global efforts to prevent burnout and promote PCMC and equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience A. Afulani
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Monica Getahun
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Jaffer Okiring
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | | | | | - Osamuedeme Odiase
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Dan Ochiel
- County Health Directorate, Migori, Kenya
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Rom Y, Morag I, Palgi Y, Isaacson M. The Architectural Layout of Long-Term Care Units: Relationships between Support for Residents' Well-Being and for Caregivers' Burnout and Resilience. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:575. [PMID: 38791789 PMCID: PMC11120887 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
With a growing need for long-term care facilities in general, and for specialized dementia units in particular, it is important to ensure that the architectural layouts of such facilities support the well-being of both the residents and the unit caregivers. This study aimed to investigate correlations between the support provided by the architectural layout of long-term care units for enhancing residents' well-being and for decreasing unit caregivers' burnout and increasing their resilience-as layouts may impact each party differently. The Psycho Spatial Evaluation Tool was utilized to assess the support provided by the layouts of seventeen long-term care units (ten regular nursing units and seven specialized dementia units) for the residents' physical and social well-being (five dimensions); a questionnaire was used to measure the unit caregivers' burnout and resilience. When analyzing layouts' support for residents' physical and social well-being, inconsistencies emerged regarding correlations with caregivers' burnout and resilience across the two types of long-term care units. Supporting residents' physical well-being was correlated with increased caregiver resilience in dementia units, and with increased burnout and decreased resilience in regular nursing units. Layouts supporting social well-being showed inconsistent correlations with caregivers' resilience indexes in dementia units, and with burnout and resilience indexes in regular nursing units. The findings underscore the role of the architectural layout of long-term care units in enhancing residents' well-being; the results also highlight the possible unintentional yet negative impact of the layout on the caregivers' burnout and resilience. This study emphasizes the need to identify and rectify design shortcomings as a means of enhancing residents' well-being, while increasing the unit caregivers' resilience and decreasing their burnout. These insights should be addressed when developing strategies and interventions for ensuring optimal care environments for all parties involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifat Rom
- Department of Gerontology, University of Haifa, Abba Khushi Ave. 199, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (Y.P.); (M.I.)
| | - Ido Morag
- Shenkar College of Engineering and Design, School of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ramat-Gan 5252626, Israel;
| | - Yuval Palgi
- Department of Gerontology, University of Haifa, Abba Khushi Ave. 199, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (Y.P.); (M.I.)
| | - Michal Isaacson
- Department of Gerontology, University of Haifa, Abba Khushi Ave. 199, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (Y.P.); (M.I.)
- MIT AgeLab-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Shafran Tikva S, Gabay G, Shkoler O, Kagan I. Association of quality of nursing care with violence load, burnout, and listening climate. Isr J Health Policy Res 2024; 13:22. [PMID: 38659017 PMCID: PMC11040785 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-024-00601-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence against nurses is common. Previous research has recommended further development of the measurement of violence against nurses and integration of the individual and ward-related factors that contribute to violence against hospital nurses. This study was designed to address these issues by investigating the associations between violence, the listening climate of hospital wards, professional burnout, and perceived quality of care. For this purpose, we used a new operationalization of the violence concept. METHODS We sought nurses to participate in the study through social media which yielded 765 nurses working in various healthcare systems across Israel who volunteered to complete a self-administered online questionnaire. 80% of the sample were hospital nurses, and 84.7% were female. The questionnaire included validated measures of burnout, listening climate, and quality of care. Instead of using the traditional binary measure of exposure to violence to capture the occurrence and comprehensive impact of violence, this study measured the incremental load of violence to which nurses are subjected. RESULTS There were significant correlations between violence load and perceived quality of care and between constructive and destructive listening climates and quality of care. Violence load contributed 14% to the variance of burnout and 13% to the variance of perceived quality of care. The ward listening climate moderated the relationship between burnout and quality of care. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study highlight the impact of violence load among nurses and the ward listening climate on the development of burnout and on providing quality care. The findings call upon policymakers to monitor violence load and allocate resources to foster supportive work environments to enhance nurse well-being and improve patient care outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Shafran Tikva
- Jerusalem College of Technology; Head, Hadassah Research and Innovation Center in Nursing, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Gillie Gabay
- School of Sciences, Multi-Disciplinary Studies, Achva Academic College, Arugot, Israel
| | | | - Ilya Kagan
- Nursing Department, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel
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Di Vincenzo M, Arsenio E, Della Rocca B, Rosa A, Tretola L, Toricco R, Boiano A, Catapano P, Cavaliere S, Volpicelli A, Sampogna G, Fiorillo A. Is There a Burnout Epidemic among Medical Students? Results from a Systematic Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:575. [PMID: 38674221 PMCID: PMC11052230 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Medical students represent the ideal target group for promoting mental health and mental wellbeing, being exposed to specific risk factors, such as the content of medical training, the exposure to sickness and death, and a stressful academic routine. Medical students report high levels of cynicism and emotional exhaustion, which represent two of the essential features of burnout syndrome. In this systematic review, studies assessing the levels of burnout among medical students through validated tools worldwide were analyzed. Materials and Methods: A systematic review has been performed in order to identify studies: (1) focusing on samples of medical students; (2) evaluating burnout syndrome using validated tools; (3) providing prevalence data on burnout; and (4) written in English. Results: Out of the 5547 papers initially obtained, 64 were finally included in the analysis. The sample sizes ranged from 51 to 2682 participants. Almost all studies had a cross-sectional design; the Maslach Burnout Inventory and its related versions were the most frequently used assessment tools. The prevalence of burnout, which was stratified based on gender and academic stage, ranged from 5.6 to 88%. Burnout was mostly predicted by thoughts of stopping medical education, negative life events, lack of support, dissatisfaction, and poor motivation. Conclusions: The prevalence of burnout syndrome in medical students is quite heterogeneous, reaching a peak of 88% in some countries. However, several predictors have been identified, including negative life events or poor motivation. These findings highlight the need to develop preventive interventions targeting the future generation of medical doctors, in order to improve their coping strategies and resilience styles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy (S.C.)
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13
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Turjeman-Levi Y, Itzchakov G, Engel-Yeger B. Executive function deficits mediate the relationship between employees' ADHD and job burnout. AIMS Public Health 2024; 11:294-314. [PMID: 38617412 PMCID: PMC11007411 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2024015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often face significant deficits in executive function and adverse work-related outcomes. This study aimed to explore the role of executive function deficits in job burnout of employees with ADHD. We hypothesized that employees with ADHD, relative to employees without ADHD, will experience higher levels of job burnout and deficits in executive function. We also hypothesized that the ADHD-job burnout relationship would be mediated through executive function deficits, specifically by self-management to time and self-organization/problem-solving. A field study with 171 employees provided support for the research hypotheses and mediation model in which the employees' ADHD-job burnout relationship was mediated through executive function deficits. Additional mediation analyses indicated that the specific executive function of self-management to time and self-organization/problem-solving mediated the effect of ADHD on job burnout and its facets. Specifically, for physical fatigue, the mediation was realized through self-management to time, and for emotional exhaustion and cognitive weariness, the mediation was significant through self-organization/problem-solving. The present findings shed light on the relevance of referring ADHD among employees, their vulnerability to job burnout, and the role of executive function deficits in job burnout of employees with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaara Turjeman-Levi
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Hushi Ave. Mount Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Guy Itzchakov
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Hushi Ave. Mount Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Batya Engel-Yeger
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Hushi Ave. Mount Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
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14
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Albrecht SC, Leineweber C, Kecklund G, Tucker P. Prospective effects of work-time control on overtime, work-life interference and exhaustion in female and male knowledge workers. Scand J Public Health 2024; 52:205-215. [PMID: 36732910 PMCID: PMC10913321 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221150041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Employee-based flexible working hours are increasing, particularly among knowledge workers. Research indicates that women and men use work-time control (WTC; control over time off and daily hours) differently: while men work longer paid hours, women use WTC to counteract work-life interference. In a knowledge-worker sample, we examined associations between WTC and overtime, work-life interference and exhaustion and tested whether gender moderates the mediating role of overtime. METHODS The sample contained 2248 Swedish knowledge workers. Employing hierarchical regression modelling, we examined effects of control over time off/daily hours on subsequent overtime hours, work-life interference and exhaustion in general and in gender-stratified samples. Using conditional process analysis, we tested moderated mediation models. RESULTS Control over time off was related to less work-life interference (βmen= -0.117; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.237 to 0.003; βwomen= -0.253; 95% CI: -0.386 to -0.120) and lower exhaustion (βmen= -0.199; 95% CI: -0.347 to -0.051; βwomen= -0.271; 95% CI: -0.443 to -0.100). For control over daily hours, estimates were close to zero. While men worked more overtime (42 min/week), we could not confirm gender moderating the indirect effect of control over time off/daily hours on work-life interference/exhaustion via overtime. Independent of gender, effects of control over time off on work-life interference were partly explained by working fewer overtime hours. CONCLUSIONS Control over time off was related to lower exhaustion and better work-life balance (in particular for women). We found no evidence for men's work-life interference increasing with higher WTC owing to working more overtime. Knowledge workers' control over time off may help prevent work-life interference and burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C. Albrecht
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Constanze Leineweber
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Göran Kecklund
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Philip Tucker
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden
- School of Psychology, Swansea University, UK
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15
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Bentulila Y, Lev Shalem L, Cohen B, Adler L. Physical work environment and burnout among primary care physicians in Israel: a cross-sectional study. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2024; 25:74. [PMID: 38418978 PMCID: PMC10900697 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-024-02310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physician burnout remains a prevalent issue globally, negatively affecting work satisfaction and patient care. However, exploration of the physical work environments of physicians, a potential influencing factor for burnout, remains scarce. The physical work environment is everything that surrounds the physician, including the doctor's office, the clinic, the clinic's building, the waiting, and staff rooms. The aims of this study were to describe aspects of the physical work environment of primary care physicians (PCPs) and to explore the association between the physical work environment and burnout. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we emailed questionnaires to an online community of PCPs in Israel in October 2021. We asked physicians about their satisfaction with their physical work environment, evaluated elements of the work environment, and assessed burnout status (with the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure, SMBM). We used the Chi-square and Mann-Witney tests to compare categorical and continuous variables and used logistic regression for the final model. RESULTS Two hundred twenty-one PCPs answered the questionnaire (27.6% response rate). Over a third (35.7%) of respondents reported high burnout. PCPs who were satisfied with their general physical environment had lower burnout rates than those who were unsatisfied (28.1% vs. 47.8%, p-value < 0.001). We found positive correlations between general satisfaction with the physical work environment and the scores achieved for the doctor's office, the clinic, the clinic's building, and the waiting room. In the multivariate analysis, high satisfaction with the general physical work environment was associated with decreased odds for burnout (OR-0.50, 95% CI 0.25-0.99, p-value-0.048). CONCLUSION The doctor's office, the clinic, the clinic's building, and the waiting room affected general satisfaction from the physical work environment. High satisfaction with the physical work environment reduced burnout rates. Future studies are needed to determine whether PCPs and managers should invest in the physical work environment to decrease burnout and increase satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaara Bentulila
- Health Division, Maccabi HealthCare Services, Tel Aviv-Jaffa, Israel
| | - Liat Lev Shalem
- Health Division, Maccabi HealthCare Services, Tel Aviv-Jaffa, Israel
| | - Bar Cohen
- Health Division, Maccabi HealthCare Services, Tel Aviv-Jaffa, Israel
| | - Limor Adler
- Health Division, Maccabi HealthCare Services, Tel Aviv-Jaffa, Israel.
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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16
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Ivánkovits L, Kazinczi C, Kocsis K, Stankovic M, Koday Z, Pető Z, Töreki A. A simplified measure of burnout symptoms among paramedics - an exploratory analysis of a Hungarian sample. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:37. [PMID: 38238830 PMCID: PMC10797803 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout is still one of the leading mental health problems. According to research results over the past decades, healthcare workers, including paramedics, are considered a high-risk group. In concordance with these results, the available resources need to prioritize monitoring paramedics' mental health. METHODS In our study, we investigated whether the available test batteries measuring burnout could be reduced while maintaining their effectiveness. We reduced the 21-item Burnout Measurement and the 8-item version of the Psychosomatic Symptom Scale using the data of 727 Hungarian paramedics. We selected the top four items of the questionnaires that were significantly correlated with the original Burnout Measure Index and the Psychosomatic Scale Index. The classification efficiency of the shortened list of items was based on the initial risk categories of the Burnout Measure and its sensitivity was analyzed using Binary Logistic regression and ROC curves. We then used Two-Step Cluster Analysis to test the ability of the shortened Burnout Measure Index to develop new risk categories. The reliability indicators were also explored. RESULTS The results show that the Burnout Measurement can be reduced to 4 items with a classification efficiency of 93.5% in determining the level of burnout. The 5-item reduction of the Psychosomatic Symptom Scale can classify subjects to the appropriate intervention level for burnout with an efficiency of 81.6%. The ROC analysis suggests that the shortened questionnaires have an excellent separative ability to discriminate between the initial risk groups. Three new risk categories were also identified as a result of the cluster analysis. CONCLUSION The shortened scales may be proven effective in resource management, which could significantly quicken the assessment of burnout in the future. The abbreviated scale is also suitable for classifying subjects into risk categories. However, further research is needed to see whether the shortened scales can be used as a diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Ivánkovits
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Szeged, 6, Semmelweis Street, Szeged, 6725, Hungary
| | - Csaba Kazinczi
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, 6, Semmelweis Street, Szeged, 6725, Hungary
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Semmelweis University, 25, Üllői Street, Budapest, 1091, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Kocsis
- Department of Radiology, University of Szeged, 6, Semmelweis street, Szeged, 6725, Hungary.
| | - Mona Stankovic
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Szeged, 6, Semmelweis Street, Szeged, 6725, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Koday
- Eötvös Lóránd Univesity, Egyetem tér 1-3, Budapest, 1053, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Pető
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Szeged, 6, Semmelweis Street, Szeged, 6725, Hungary
| | - Annamária Töreki
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Szeged, 6, Semmelweis Street, Szeged, 6725, Hungary
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17
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Shoman Y, Hostettler R, Canu IG. Psychometric validity of the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure and the Burnout Assessment Tool: a systematic review. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2023; 74:238-245. [PMID: 38146759 PMCID: PMC10750325 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the absence of internationally recognised standardised criteria, several patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been developed to measure occupational burnout. The aim of this study was to extend our 2021 review of the psychometric validity of five PROMs to the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM) and the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT). To do that we ran a systematic literature search in the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Embase databases following our previous methodological framework and the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN). We assessed the level of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) guideline. We identified 694 publications on SMBM and 421 on BAT, but the final review includes eight papers on SMBM and three on BAT. Of the seven psychometric properties assessed for SMBM, content, structural, and criterion validity were rated as insufficient, whereas the quality of evidence for construct and internal consistency was high and moderate, respectively. Of the nine psychometric properties assessed for BAT, content, structural, criterion, and construct validity was moderate and internal consistency was high. One limitation of this study is that we did not assess cross-cultural validity, because the number of studies reviewed is too small and content validity can only be assessed based on the original PROM version rather than translation. To conclude, BAT is superior to SMBM in terms of psychometric validity, but the quality of evidence for some properties is low or very low, suggesting a need for additional validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Shoman
- University of Lausanne Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roy Hostettler
- University of Lausanne Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- University of Lausanne Centre of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Egozi L, Pardo A. Demands and Resources: Weighing Interaction Effects on Occupational Burnout. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:e764-e770. [PMID: 37757746 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The need to identify the main determinants of occupational burnout gained new attention with the release of management of psychosocial standards. Based on the JD-R model and COR theory, the article compares demands and resources interactions and their effects on high levels of burnout. METHODS Employees in Israel ( N = 2010) reported job demands and organizational and personal resources. One year later, 1201 of them reported their burnout. The interactions effects on next-year burnout levels were analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS The enhancing interaction better predicts next-year burnout. Each additional stressor increases the risk for very high burnout (above 4) a year later (odds ratio = 1.76; 95% confidence interval: 1.55-2.00). CONCLUSIONS The cumulative interaction of stressors predicts next-year burnout levels. Moreover, we used concrete comparable values of the measures that may initiate a standardization process for organizational stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laliv Egozi
- From the Israel Institute for Occupational Safety and Hygiene, Mazeh 22 Tel-Aviv, Israel
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19
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Burnett-Zieman B, Warren CE, Chiundira F, Mandala E, Kachale F, Mchoma CH, Mboma A, Kamanga M, Kazembe A. Modeling Pathways to Describe How Maternal Health Care Providers' Mental Health Influences the Provision of Respectful Maternity Care in Malawi. GLOBAL HEALTH, SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2023; 11:e2300008. [PMID: 38035724 PMCID: PMC10698235 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-23-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal health (MH) providers may experience traumatic events, such as maternal or fetal death, that can contribute to stress and burnout. Past trauma, poor working relationships, and under-resourced environments not only affect providers' own emotional well-being but also reduce their ability to provide respectful maternity care (RMC). METHODS Data were collected in mid-2021 as a cross-sectional survey with 302 MH providers working in 25 maternities in 3 districts in Malawi to measure burnout, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We present a pathway model describing how these factors interact and influence RMC. We used the provider-reported person-centered maternity care scale to measure RMC; the Maslach Burnout Inventory, which examines emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and professional accomplishment; and standard validated screening tools to measure the prevalence of depression and PTSD. RESULTS Although levels of burnout varied, 30% of MH providers reported high levels of exhaustion, feelings of cynicism manifesting as depersonalization toward their clients (17%), and low levels of professional accomplishment (42%). Moderate to severe depression (9%) and suicidal ideation within the past 2 weeks (10%) were also recorded. Many (70%) reported experiencing an event that could trigger PTSD, and 12% reported at least 4 of 5 symptoms in the PTSD scale. Path analysis suggests that depression and emotional exhaustion negatively influence RMC, and depersonalization is mediated through depression. PTSD has no direct effect on RMC, but increased PTSD scores were associated with increased burnout and depression scores. Positive relationships with facility managers were significantly associated with increased RMC and decreased emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. CONCLUSION Burnout will continue to be a challenge among MH providers. However, pragmatic approaches for improving teamwork, psychosocial, and managerial support for MH providers working in challenging environments may help mitigate burnout, improve MH provider well-being, and, in turn, RMC for women seeking MH services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Edina Mandala
- Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Fannie Kachale
- Reproductive Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi
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20
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Heikkinen AL, Hänninen T, Kuikka P, Akila R, Savolainen A, Valtonen T, Umer A, Lötjönen J, Hublin C, Remes AM, Paajanen T. The Cognitive Function at Work Questionnaire (CFWQ): A new scale for measuring cognitive complaints in occupational population. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023; 30:649-660. [PMID: 34482772 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1970553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive functioning is a relevant work and health related topic, however, validated methods to assess subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) at work are lacking. We introduce the Cognitive Function at Work Questionnaire (CFWQ) for measuring SCC in occupational settings. 1-year follow-up data of 418 employees from a Finnish public media service company was analyzed. Participants completed web-based CFWQ, cognitive tests and a broad set of questionnaires for evaluating depression, anxiety, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, burnout, stress, mental job burden, work ability, cognitive errors, and perceived health. The factor analysis yielded a model with the CFWQ subdomains: Memory, Language, Executive Function, Speed of Processing, Cognitive Control and Name Memory. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .87) and the test-retest constancy (ICC = .84) reflected good reliability. Correlation between the CFWQ and cognitive errors at work ranged from .25 to .64 indicating adequate concurrent validity. Employees with depression, insomnia and burnout symptoms had higher (p < .001) CFWQ scores than participants without these symptoms. Depression and burnout symptom severity as well as accumulation of mood, sleep, and psychosocial stressors were associated with higher CFWQ scores (p < .001 in all). The CFWQ appears psychometrically sound measure for the assessment of SCC in occupational population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Leena Heikkinen
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Work Ability and Working Careers, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo Hänninen
- Neurology, Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pekka Kuikka
- Work Ability and Working Careers, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ritva Akila
- Work Ability and Working Careers, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aslak Savolainen
- Occupational Health Services, Finnish Broadcasting Company, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teppo Valtonen
- Work Ability and Working Careers, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Adil Umer
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Christer Hublin
- Work Ability and Working Careers, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne M Remes
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Teemu Paajanen
- Work Ability and Working Careers, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Tavella G, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Bayes A, Jebejian A, Manicavasagar V, Walker P, Parker G. Burnout and depression: Points of convergence and divergence. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:561-570. [PMID: 37479038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Debate is ongoing as to whether burnout can be differentiated from depression. This study evaluated whether burnout and depression could be distinguished using a new burnout measure and other variables. METHODS Scores on the Sydney Burnout Measure (SBM) were compared between participants with self-diagnosed burnout (BO-all group; n = 622) and clinically-diagnosed depression (DEP-all group; n = 90). The latter group was split into melancholic (DEP-mel; n = 56) and non-melancholic (DEP-nonmel; n = 34) depression subgroups for subsequent analyses. Differences in reporting of depressive symptoms and causal attributions were also evaluated. RESULTS While total SBM scores showed poor differentiation, the BO-all group had lower social withdrawal and higher empathy loss subscale scores than the depression groups. Odds ratios were significant for several of the depressive symptoms and causal attribution items when comparing the BO-all group to the DEP-all and DEP-mel groups, while only a few items were significant when comparing the BO-all and DEP-nonmel groups. LIMITATIONS Participants in the depression group were assigned by clinician-based depression diagnoses, rather than by a standardised diagnostic interview, and the group had a relatively small sample size. Participants in the burnout group were self-diagnosed and not assessed for comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS There were some nuanced symptoms differences between burnout and depression, but many of the SBM symptoms were not specific to burnout. Results also suggested that burnout overlaps more with non-melancholic than melancholic depression, and that differentiation of burnout and depression may rely more on weighting causal factors over symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Tavella
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dusan Hadzi-Pavlovic
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam Bayes
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Hospital Rd, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Artin Jebejian
- Gordon Private Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vijaya Manicavasagar
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Hospital Rd, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Walker
- Lumiere Clinical Psychology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gordon Parker
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia; Gordon Private Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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22
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Shoman Y, Ranjbar S, Strippoli MP, von Känel R, Preisig M, Guseva Canu I. Relationship Between Effort-Reward Imbalance, Over-Commitment and Occupational Burnout in the General Population: A Prospective Cohort Study. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1606160. [PMID: 37867563 PMCID: PMC10587427 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1606160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To prospectively investigate the association between Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) and over-commitment and the scores of the burnout dimensions over a 4 years follow-up period considering potential confounders. Methods: Data stemmed from CoLaus|PsyCoLaus, a population-based cohort study including 575 participants (mean age 55 years, 50% men). Participants completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, ERI and over-commitment questionnaires at baseline (T1) and after a 4 years follow-up (T2), and provided demographic, behavioral, psychiatric, personality and social support information through self-reported questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Serially adjusted linear regression models were used. Results: ERI and over-commitment were not associated longitudinally with any of the burnout dimensions when controlling for confounders. One standard deviation increases in the scores of exhaustion, cynicism and professional efficacy were associated with one standard deviation increase in the scores of the same burnout dimensions longitudinally, and these associations were independent of the effects of ERI and over-commitment. Conclusion: Future studies should re-examine the effect of ERI and over-commitment on workers' burnout, considering the effects of confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Shoman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Unisante, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Setareh Ranjbar
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Pierre Strippoli
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Unisante, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Phuspa SM, Alim S, Dharmastuti A, Saefudin MA, Lutfiyah NU, Sutomo AH. Instruments for assessing health workers' burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review. J Ment Health 2023; 32:935-950. [PMID: 36068961 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2022.2118689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, health workers' workload is increasing, with the risk of burnout. Several instruments for assessing burnout have been developed since the concept was coined in the 1970s. It is important to map and describe the application of burnout instruments for health workers in the current COVID-19 pandemic situation. AIMS This article aimed to map and describe what instruments are used and variations of their application to research burnout in health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This scoping review searched articles systematically through 7 databases (PubMed, Clinical Key, Scopus, EBSCOhost, APA PsycINFO, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library). Articles were screened and analyzed following the Arksey and O'Malley framework. RESULTS From 507 results, 31 peer-reviewed articles were selected. These studies involved 33,879 participants from various health professions. Generally, the research instrument is still dominated by Maslach Burnout Inventory. Applications of burnout measurements vary widely because there is no consensus on the concept of burnout assessment. CONCLUSION Inconsistency in burnout-measuring tools can be seen as providing flexibility and alternatives, but at the same time, it is a gap that challenges researchers to develop more comprehensive instruments, especially for the burnout phenomenon in health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisca Mayang Phuspa
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing at Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Faculty of Health Science at Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Ponorogo, Indonesia
| | - Syahirul Alim
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing at Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Adi Heru Sutomo
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing at Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Ada Manga JP, Desrumaux P, N’dong Nguema W. Workplace Bullying Seen from the Perspective of Bystanders: Effects on Engagement and Burnout, Mediating Role of Positive and Negative Affects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6821. [PMID: 37835092 PMCID: PMC10572833 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20196821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The first and original aim of this study was to measure the impact of workplace bullying (WB) seen from the perspective of the witnesses (bystanders) on the work engagement and the burnout of these bystanders. The second aim was to test the mediating roles of affects between WB seen from the perspective of bystanders and two resulting variables, bystanders' work engagement and bystanders' burnout. This study was conducted using self-administered questionnaires with WB bystanders (n = 222) from the Cameroonian health sector. The results indicated that positive and negative affects played mediating roles between WB as seen by witnesses and the two resulting variables, burnout and work engagement. This study offers new avenues for intervention on the issue of WB bystanders. In addition to prevention for victims, witnesses experiencing bullying as bystanders in Cameroon must be supported and accompanied by occupational health services, occupational and psychosocial risk prevention workers, psychologists, as well as human resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pascale Desrumaux
- Psychology Department ULR 4072–PSITEC—Psychologie: Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognitions, Faculty PsySEF, University Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Willys N’dong Nguema
- Psychology Department ULR 4072–PSITEC—Psychologie: Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognitions, Faculty PsySEF, University Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
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Kagan I, Arad D, Aharoni R, Tal Y, Niv Y. Crisis management for Patient Safety Officers: lessons learned from the Covid-19 pandemic. Isr J Health Policy Res 2023; 12:29. [PMID: 37658462 PMCID: PMC10472639 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-023-00577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no consensus for the role definition for Patient Safety Officers (PSOs) in healthcare during pandemics or other crises as opposed to their routine activities. This study aimed to examine the contribution of personality traits and systemic factors on the performance of PSOs during the pandemic, and to compare these variables during the first and third waves of the Covid-19 pandemic in Israel. METHODS This cross-sectional study invited 117 PSOs to complete a questionnaire addressing their role during the Covid-19 pandemic. The questionnaire included items concerning: Personal and socio-demographic characteristics; Uncertainty; Personal initiative; Burnout; Professional functioning; Patient Safety and Risk Management policies and practices; Organizational functioning; and Personal Involvement in risk management activities. Qualitative data was collected by two open-ended questions. RESULTS A total of 78 PSOs (67%) completed the questionnaire. The results revealed that many PSOs reduced their involvement in risk management processes or even left their position temporarily in order to return to their primary specialization as clinicians. Only 51.3% and 57.7% reported practicing risk management in the first and third waves, respectively. The three main factors that kept PSOs functioning were managerial support, mobilization of their team, and the belief in the importance of their position. CONCLUSIONS A crisis generates uncertainty, a plethora of frequent and urgent tasks, and the need to adapt policy to changing circumstances and to the increased risks. The risk manager must be a member of the crisis management team and participate in every important discussion in order to represent essential staff and patient safety issues and ensure that these are fully addressed already in the early stages of planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Kagan
- Nursing Department, School of Health Professions, Ashkelon Academic College, Ben Tzvi 12, 78211, Ashkelon, Israel.
| | - Dana Arad
- Patient Safety Division, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Riki Aharoni
- Patient Safety Division, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yossi Tal
- Risk Management and Patient Safety Advising Services, Raanana, Israel
| | - Yaron Niv
- Adelson Faculty of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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Balachandar R, Ketharam A, Bharath S. Development and validation of tools to screen occupational mental health and workplace factors influencing it: for the Indian workforce. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2023; 61:184-194. [PMID: 35545554 PMCID: PMC10277194 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2022-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An imbalance in the key organizational psychology constructs viz. "Workload", "Reward", "Community", "Control", "Values" and "Fairness" are potential factors leading to negative occupational mental health, i.e. burnout. Burnout, a psychological syndrome is the combination of emotional exhaustion, sense of reduced compassion and accomplishment. To note, the concept of occupational mental health in a nation with second largest workforce is nascent. Further, the utility of existing western tools in Indian subcontinent is limited by culturally inappropriateness, patented, less comprehensible and other factors. Present study attempted to develop tools to screen occupational mental health and workplace areas. Conventional steps involved in psychological tool development, viz. construct identification, drafting of pertinent questions, content validation, field testing of questions and others were adopted. After series of steps, tools for screening occupational mental health and key constructs influencing mental health at workplace (workplace assessment) were developed. The screening tools exhibited adequate test-retest reliability, internal consistency/reliability (cronbach's α>0.73) and correlation (correlation coefficient >0.6) with the general mental health in larger evaluation of 153 consenting workers. The proposed simple and easy to administer tool requires development of normative scores thereby aiding early diagnosis and management of those requiring intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Balachandar
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, India
| | - Asha Ketharam
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, India
| | - Srikala Bharath
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, India
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Androulakis GS, Georgiou DA, Lainidi O, Montgomery A, Schaufeli WB. The Greek Burnout Assessment Tool: Examining Its Adaptation and Validity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5827. [PMID: 37239554 PMCID: PMC10218594 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Burnout is a significant challenge in the workplace. Its extent is global and its unfavourable consequences are diverse, affecting the individual, the organization, and society. The aim of the present study was to examine the adaptation and assess the validity of the Greek version of the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT). The adaptation process included the translation and back-translation of the BAT. Data were collected from 356 Greek employees from diverse sectors. Confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory were utilized to assess the validity of the Greek version of the BAT. According to the findings of the present research, the core symptoms scale and the secondary symptoms scale of BAT-23 and BAT-12 models demonstrated adequate structures for the analysis and measurement of burnout in the Greek context. Finally, the psychometric performance of the BAT-GR-12 compared to the BAT-GR-23 establishes it as a more optimum instrument for the assessment of burnout across Greek working adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitra Ap. Georgiou
- Department of Educational Sciences and Social Work, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Olga Lainidi
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS29JT, UK;
| | | | - Wilmar B. Schaufeli
- Research Group Work Organizational and Personnel Psychology (WOPP), 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Nashashibi L, Khouri M, Meretyk I, Livni T, Cohen N, Fruchter E. Working in corona-designated departments in a fortified underground hospital: Concerns about corona and predictors of job burnout. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1105632. [PMID: 36960459 PMCID: PMC10029354 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1105632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In August 2020 during Israel's second COVID-19 wave Rambam Medical Center opened the Sammy Ofer Fortified Underground Emergency Hospital. This was declared a regional Corona center in the north of Israel, receiving the most severe Corona patients from the region. Alongside the advanced inpatient capacity and technology within the underground facility, there was a severe shortage of trained medical and paramedical staff, as well as harsh working conditions. The current study examined the implications and effects of working in an underground facility on healthcare workers, focusing on emotion regulation tendencies and profession as predictors of job burnout. Methods Seventy-six healthcare workers, who had worked in the underground hospital for a minimum continuous period of 2 weeks during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, and a control group of 40 healthcare workers from northern Israel were asked to fill out an online survey administered via Qualtrics (total sample 116). The survey comprised six questionnaires: a demographic survey questionnaire; a COVID-19 concerns questionnaire; a psychological distress questionnaire (DASS, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale); trait worry (PSWQ; Penn State Worry Questionnaire); emotion regulation (ERQ, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire), and burnout (SMBM, Shirom - Melamed Burnout Measure). Results Independent-samples t-tests revealed no significant differences in psychological distress or burnout between Rambam Underground hospital workers and the control group. Conversely, COVID-19 concern scores were significantly different in the two groups, the Rambam hospital workers showing less concern (M = 2.9, SD = 0.73) than the control group (M = 3.47, SD = 0.76) [t (114) = -3.974, p < 0.001]. Hierarchical linear regression analysis identified the significant predictors of burnout among healthcare workers. Participants' profession (physician), psychological distress (total DASS score), and a personality trait of worry were statistically significant predictors for job burnout (p = 0.028, p < 0.001, p = 0.023, respectively). Concerns about COVID-19 marginally predicted job burnout (p = 0.09). Group (underground vs. control) and emotion regulation tendencies did not predict burnout. Conclusion The two groups showed no significant differences in psychological distress nor in burnout. Being a physician, having an intrinsic trait of being overly worried and experiencing psychological distress were significant predictors for job burnout among healthcare workers, regardless of work environment (underground vs. control).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Nashashibi
- Rambam Health Care Campus and Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marlyn Khouri
- Department of Special Education, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Irit Meretyk
- Rambam Health Care Campus and Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tom Livni
- The Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Noga Cohen
- Department of Special Education, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- The Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eyal Fruchter
- Rambam Health Care Campus and Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Angelini G. Big five model personality traits and job burnout: a systematic literature review. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:49. [PMID: 36804929 PMCID: PMC9938997 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Job burnout negatively contributes to individual well-being, enhancing public health costs due to turnover, absenteeism, and reduced job performance. Personality traits mainly explain why workers differ in experiencing burnout under the same stressful work conditions. The current systematic review was conducted with the PRISMA method and focused on the five-factor model to explain workers' burnout risk. METHODS The databases used were Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and PsycINFO. Keywords used were: "Burnout," "Job burnout," "Work burnout," "Personality," and "Personality traits". RESULTS The initial search identified 3320 papers, from which double and non-focused studies were excluded. From the 207 full texts reviewed, the studies included in this review were 83 papers. The findings show that higher levels of neuroticism (r from 0.10** to 0.642***; β from 0.16** to 0.587***) and lower agreeableness (r from - 0.12* to - 0.353***; β from - 0.08*** to - 0.523*), conscientiousness (r from -0.12* to -0.355***; β from - 0.09*** to - 0.300*), extraversion (r from - 0.034** to - 0.33***; β from - 0.06*** to - 0.31***), and openness (r from - 0.18*** to - 0.237**; β from - 0.092* to - 0.45*) are associated with higher levels of burnout. CONCLUSIONS The present review highlighted the relationship between personality traits and job burnout. Results showed that personality traits were closely related to workers' burnout risk. There is still much to explore and how future research on job burnout should account for the personality factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Angelini
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, 00193, Rome, Italy.
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Costa A, Caldas de Almeida T, Fialho M, Rasga C, Martiniano H, Santos O, Virgolino A, Vicente AM, Heitor MJ. Mental Health of Healthcare Professionals: Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3131. [PMID: 36833822 PMCID: PMC9968046 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic increased psychosocial risk factors among healthcare professionals (HCPs). Objective: To characterize Portuguese HCPs mental health (MH), estimate anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and burnout symptoms, and identify risk/protective factors. A cross-sectional online survey and a longitudinal assessment were conducted in 2020 (T0) and 2021 (T1). Sociodemographic and occupational variables, COVID-19-related experiences and protective behavior data were collected from a non-probabilistic sample of HCPs in Portugal. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, burnout and resilience were assessed using the Portuguese versions of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5), the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (MBSM) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), respectively. Risk and protective factors were identified through simple and multiple logistic regression models. Overall, 2027 participants answered the survey in T0 and 1843 in T1. The percentage of moderate-to-severe symptoms decreased from T0 to T1; however, a considerable proportion of HCPs reported symptoms of distress in both years. Being a woman, working in a COVID-19-treatment frontline position and work-life balance increased the odds of distress. High resilience, good social/family support, and hobbies/lifestyle maintenance were found to be protective factors. Globally, our results show that performing as a HCP during the pandemic may result in long-term effects on MH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Costa
- Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Prevenção de Doenças Não-Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Caldas de Almeida
- Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Prevenção de Doenças Não-Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mónica Fialho
- Environmental Health Behaviour Lab, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Célia Rasga
- Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Prevenção de Doenças Não-Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- BioISI–Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo Martiniano
- Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Prevenção de Doenças Não-Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- BioISI–Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Osvaldo Santos
- Environmental Health Behaviour Lab, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Unbreakable Idea Research, 2550-426 Painho, Portugal
| | - Ana Virgolino
- Environmental Health Behaviour Lab, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Astrid Moura Vicente
- Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Prevenção de Doenças Não-Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- BioISI–Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria João Heitor
- Environmental Health Behaviour Lab, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, 2674-514 Loures, Portugal
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, 1050-096 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Saúde (CIIS), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 2635-631 Sintra, Portugal
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Getahun M, Oboke EN, Ogolla BA, Kinyua J, Ongeri L, Sterling M, Oluoch I, Lyndon A, Afulani PA. Sources of stress and coping mechanisms: Experiences of maternal health care providers in Western Kenya. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001341. [PMID: 36962929 PMCID: PMC10022275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic and complex nature of care provision predisposes healthcare workers to stress, including physical, emotional, or psychological fatigue due to individual, interpersonal, or organizational factors. We conducted a convergent mixed-methods study with maternity providers to understand their sources of stress and coping mechanisms they adopt. Data were collected in Migori County in western Kenya utilizing quantitative surveys with n = 101 maternity providers and in-depth interviews with a subset of n = 31 providers. We conducted descriptive analyses for the quantitative data. For qualitative data, we conducted thematic analysis, where codes were deductively developed from interview guides, iteratively refined based on emergent data, and applied by a team of five researchers using Dedoose software. Code queries were then analysed to identify themes and organized using the socioecological (SE) framework to present findings at the individual, interpersonal, and organizational levels. Providers reported stress due to high workloads (61%); lack of supplies (37%), poor salary (32%), attitudes of colleagues and superiors (25%), attitudes of patients (21%), and adverse outcomes (16%). Themes from the qualitative analysis mirrored the quantitative analysis with more detailed information on the factors contributing to each and how these sources of stress affect providers and patient outcomes. Coping mechanisms adopted by providers are captured under three themes: addressing stress by oneself, reaching out to others, and seeking help from a higher power. Findings underscore the need to address organizational, interpersonal, and individual level stressors. Strategies are needed to support staff retention, provide adequate resources and incentives for providers, and ultimately improve patient outcomes. Interventions should support and leverage the positive coping mechanisms identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Getahun
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | - Mona Sterling
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Audrey Lyndon
- NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Patience A. Afulani
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Grover S, Sahoo S. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Assessment and Management of Psychiatric Morbidity in Medical Professionals. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:245-257. [PMID: 37063632 PMCID: PMC10096209 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_486_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India E-mail:
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Pressley C, Garside J. Safeguarding the retention of nurses: A systematic review on determinants of nurse's intentions to stay. Nurs Open 2023; 10:2842-2858. [PMID: 36646646 PMCID: PMC10077373 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore factors that influence registered nurses' intention to stay working in the healthcare sector. DESIGN A systematic review and narrative synthesis. METHODS CINAHL, Medline and Cochrane library databases were searched from Jan 2010 to Jan 2022 inclusive and research selected using a structured criterion, quality appraisal and data extraction and synthesis were guided by Campbell's Synthesis Without Meta-analysis. RESULTS Thirty-four studies identified that nurses stay if they have job satisfaction and/or if they are committed to their organizations. The factors permeating these constructs weigh differently through generations and while not an infallible explanation, demonstrate stark differences in workplace needs by age, which influence the intention to stay, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and ultimately nurse turnover. PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Environmental, relational and individual factors have bearing on improving nurse satisfaction and commitment. Understanding why nurses stay through a generational behavioural and career stage lens can bolster safeguarding nurse retention.
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Benitez M, Orgambídez A, Cantero-Sánchez FJ, León-Pérez JM. Harmonious Passion at Work: Personal Resource for Coping with the Negative Relationship between Burnout and Intrinsic Job Satisfaction in Service Employees. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1010. [PMID: 36673766 PMCID: PMC9859307 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Research about harmonious passion as a personal resource that can have a protective effect in situations of stress and burnout is scarce but growing. Considering the job demands-resources (JD-R) model, the present study aims to address the above gaps by exploring the moderating role of harmonious passion at work in the relationship between burnout (physical fatigue, cognitive weariness, and emotional exhaustion) and intrinsic job satisfaction. The study sample consisted of 748 workers from service organizations (front-line employees) in southern Spain (Mage = 35.51, SD = 10.06, 52% women). Using statistical program R (R Core Team, 2022), the results of the regression models showed the moderating role of harmonious passion on the negative relationships between physical fatigue and intrinsic job satisfaction. In particular, at high levels of physical fatigue, employees with high scores on harmonious passion at work presented higher levels of intrinsic satisfaction compared with employees with low passion at work. That is, although service employees have high levels of physical fatigue, when they are passionate, they still possess satisfaction with their work. Therefore, our findings extend the JD-R theory by considering harmonious passion as a motivational resource that reduce feelings of burnout in service employees. Hence, it shows the importance of promoting the autonomous internalization of work, (through, i.e., job enrichment), which allows the development of harmonious passion at work and, therefore, increasing intrinsic job satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Benitez
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, 41018 Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandro Orgambídez
- Social Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Jose M. León-Pérez
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, 41018 Seville, Spain
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Eklund M, Kiritsis C, Livheim F, Ghaderi A. ACT-based self-help for perceived stress and its mental health implications without therapist support: A randomized controlled trial. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Liu H, Zhong Y. English learning burnout: Scale validation in the Chinese context. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1054356. [PMID: 36605258 PMCID: PMC9808078 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1054356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While there has been considerable research on learning burnout in educational psychology, it has received little attention in language education. To fill this gap, the present study aims at exploring the construct of English learning burnout (ELB) and examining the levels of this complex construct in a large sample of 1,213 Chinese senior high school students utilizing a 15-item Senior High School English Learning Burnout Scale. A two-dimensional structure of ELB comprising exhaustion and demotivation was extracted by exploratory factor analysis and validated by confirmatory factor analysis. A descriptive analysis showed low levels of global ELB and exhaustion and a moderate level of demotivation. The findings suggest that teachers should be mindful of fostering students' self-regulated strategies to alleviate their ELB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Liu
- School of Foreign Languages, Soochow University, Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Honggang Liu,
| | - Yuchen Zhong
- School of Foreign Languages, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China,Yuchen Zhong,
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Nutor JJ, Aborigo RA, Okiring J, Kuwolamo I, Dorzie JBK, Getahun M, Mendes WB, Afulani PA. Individual and situational predictors of psychological and physiological stress and burnout among maternity providers in Northern Ghana. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278457. [PMID: 36520845 PMCID: PMC9754239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternity providers, including nurses, midwives, physicians, are at significant risk for stress and burnout due to the nature of care provision in maternal and child health settings. Yet, the empirical evidence on stress and burnout among maternity providers in sub-Saharan Africa is scarce. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to (1) assess levels of stress and burnout among maternity providers and support staff in Ghana, and (2) identify individual and situational factors associated with maternity provider stress, burnout, and physiology. METHOD Using a purposive sampling technique, we recruited 150 maternity providers from 19 high delivery health facilities within the 15 districts of the Upper East region (UER) of Ghana into a cross-sectional study. Participants completed Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, the Shirom-Melamed Burnout scale, and sociodemographic, health-, and work-related items. Participants' heart rate variability (HRV) and hair cortisol levels were assessed for stress-related physiologic responses. We computed bivariate and multivariate linear regression models to examine factors associated with stress and burnout. RESULT Most participants were experiencing moderate to high stress (58.0%) and burnout (65.8%). Each unit increase in overcommitment to work was associated with 0.62 higher perceived stress scores (β = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.22, 1.02) and 0.15 higher burnout scores. On average, those who had experienced disrespect from colleagues in the last year had higher perceived stress scores compared to those who had not experienced disrespect (β = 1.77, 95% CI: 0.50, 3.04); and those who had experienced disrespect from patients in the last year had higher cortisol levels than those who had not (β = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.93). Those who work for more than 5 days also had higher cortisol levels, on average, compared to those who worked fewer days a week. CONCLUSION We found high levels of stress and burnout among maternity providers in Northern Ghana, underscoring the need for interventions to manage the effects of stress and burnout on maternity providers' wellbeing, quality of care, and patient outcomes. Healthcare management teams should assist providers in reducing their overcommitment by hiring more staff, given its strong link to stress and burnout. Additionally, facilitating a respectful workplace culture could also help reduce stress and burnout among maternity providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry John Nutor
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Jaffer Okiring
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Monica Getahun
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Wendy Berry Mendes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Patience A. Afulani
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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DeBaylo P, Michel JS. Identifying energy and emotion-based conflict: Development of a refined work-life conflict scale. Stress Health 2022; 38:961-977. [PMID: 35344619 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
While work-family conflict, and more broadly work-life conflict, has traditionally been conceptualized through the dimensions of time, strain, and behaviour, an expansion of these dimensions should prove advantageous for measurement and comprehension. Specifically, energy and emotion-based conflict have been cited as possible factors that would be beneficial to the measurement of work-life conflict. While these forms of conflict have been discussed as viable areas of expansion in the work-life conflict literature, there has yet to be a systematic empirical attempt to include both energy and emotion as their own distinct dimensions. In the present research, items were identified and/or created to represent energy and emotion-based forms of conflict to explore their feasibility in work-life conflict measurement. Energy and emotion were identified as distinct dimensions of work-life conflict through four studies of construct validation. Collectively, a four-factor solution of time, behaviour, energy, and emotion was supported. Multi-wave data indicated that energy and emotion-based conflicts were incrementally predictive of outcomes, including job satisfaction and job-related burnout, above and beyond other measures. By combining and expanding existing literature to include energy and emotion as independent dimensions, this research creates a more encompassing scale that more comprehensively represents the construct of work-life conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige DeBaylo
- Thought Leadership, National Safety Council, Itasca, Illinois, USA
| | - Jesse S Michel
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Berjot S, Weber T, Huyghebaert-Zouaghi T. Burnout Integrative Measure: A preliminary validation among French college students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:904367. [PMID: 36438402 PMCID: PMC9683102 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.904367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to create and validate an integrative measure of college students' burnout. A burnout measure was proposed and extended the three-dimensional conceptualization of burnout (weariness, detachment toward social objects, inadequacy). Based on prior research, our conceptualization and measure distinguished between types of weariness (cognitive, physical, and emotional weariness) and between different targets of detachment toward social objects (studies, other students, teachers). We also relied on negatively worded items to assess inadequacy, as suggested in the literature. The criterion-related validity of our Burnout Integrative Measure (BIM) was examined by exploring associations with two closely related constructs, namely stress and depression. The participants are 905 students in several disciplinary (psychology, nursing care, medicine, science and techniques in sports and physical activities). Results from structural equation modelling provided support for a third-order model encompassing the different targets of detachment, the distinct types of weariness, and inadequacy. The third-order model had a better fit than a first-order model (with a global burnout) and a second-order model (with no distinction between the targets of detachment and the types of weariness). Correlations with related constructs (depression and stress) mostly confirmed our hypotheses. Results and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Berjot
- Laboratoire C2S (Cognition Santé Société) (EA 6291), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
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Shoman Y, Rousson V, Bianchi R, Guseva Canu I. Holistic Assessment of Factors Associated with Exhaustion, the Main Symptom of Burnout: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13037. [PMID: 36293607 PMCID: PMC9602979 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis summarized longitudinal findings pertaining to exhaustion's predictors. In so doing, our aim was ultimately to identify target factors for the prevention of burnout. METHODS We searched for studies that (a) examined predictors of exhaustion longitudinally and (b) reported correlation coefficients as an effect estimate. We conducted our literature search in three databases: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Embase. We focused on studies published between January 1990 and November 2020. Predictors were grouped into families, subfamilies, and subgroups. A meta-analysis of z-transformed correlation coefficients (rho) was performed. The results were scrutinized in relation to studies' follow-up length. RESULTS We included 65 studies assessing 242 predictors of different types captured across different occupations. Our findings highlighted mostly weak associations (rho < 0.30). For six predictors-Job control, Job resources, Interactions at work, Communication and leadership, Job attitudes, and Work-family interface-longer length of follow-up involved weaker associations with exhaustion. The quality of the evidence available was generally low. CONCLUSIONS The evidence available does not point to clear target factors for preventing burnout. The decrease in associations as the follow-up length increases may suggest a relatively short latency period, followed by recovery. Higher-quality cohorts should be conducted to better understand the etiology and course of burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Shoman
- Center of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Rousson
- Center of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Renzo Bianchi
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- Center of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
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On the global and specific nature of psychological need satisfaction and work motivation in predicting employees' wellbeing: a self-determination theory perspective. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & ORGANIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/jmo.2022.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Using data from 708 French-Canadian nurses, the present study relies on self-determination theory (SDT) and its proposed motivation mediation model to examine the associations between need satisfaction, work motivation, and various manifestations of psychological wellbeing (work satisfaction, emotional exhaustion, and turnover intentions). To increase the precision and accuracy of these analyses, we relied on analytic approaches that explicitly account for the dual global/specific nature of both work motivation and need satisfaction. Results revealed that nurses' global psychological need satisfaction, and their specific autonomy and competence satisfaction, were positively associated with their global self-determined work motivation and specific intrinsic motivation. In turn, global self-determined work motivation and specific intrinsic motivation were associated with more desirable outcome levels. Nurses' global need satisfaction and specific autonomy satisfaction were also directly associated with more desirable outcome levels. Our results provided support for a partially mediated version of SDT's motivation mediation model.
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Levitats Z, Ivcevic Z, Brackett M. A world of opportunity: A top-down influence of emotional intelligence-related contextual factors on employee engagement and exhaustion. Front Psychol 2022; 13:980339. [PMID: 36225686 PMCID: PMC9549054 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.980339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite continuing interest in the impact of employees' emotional intelligence (EI) in explaining for their engagement and emotional exhaustion, there are still large gaps in our understanding of the role played by contextual EI-related factors, such as an EI-related organizational culture and supervisors' emotionally intelligent behavior (EIB). This two-study research approaches EI from a macro-level perspective, attempting to address three objectives: (1) to develop and define a theoretical concept of EI-supportive organizational culture, (2) to develop and validate measures of organizations' EI-related values and practices, and (3) to investigate their top-down effect on employee engagement and exhaustion, via supervisor EI-related behavior. In the first study, we conceptualize and develop measures of perceived EI-related organizational values and human resource management (HRM) practices, as separate yet related dimensions of organizations' EI-related culture, and test their validity. In the second study, we build on the job demands-resources (JD-R) theory and Ability-Motivation-Opportunity (AMO) framework to develop and test a model of the process links between perceived EI-related values and HRM practices and employee engagement and exhaustion, using a large sample of employees across industries in the USA workforce (N = 12,375). In line with our hypotheses, the findings suggest that EI-supportive HRM practices have a top-down effect on employee engagement and exhaustion via supervisor EIB, whereas low regard for emotions values has a top-down effect on employee exhaustion via supervisor emotional misbehavior. Results are discussed in the context of the JD-R theory, AMO framework, and the EI literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehavit Levitats
- Department of Political Studies, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Zorana Ivcevic
- Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Marc Brackett
- Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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Qi H, Jingtao F, Wenhao W, Pervaiz S. You are “insisting”, or you want to “withdraw”? Research on the negative effect of ethical leadership on leaders themselves. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Armstrong SJ, Porter JE, Larkins JA, Mesagno C. Burnout, stress and resilience of an Australian regional hospital during COVID-19: a longitudinal study. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1115. [PMID: 36056342 PMCID: PMC9438236 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has placed huge strain on hospital staff around the world. The aim of the current longitudinal study was to investigate the resilience, stress and burnout of hospital staff located at a large, regional hospital in Victoria, Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic over time via cross-sectional surveys. The surveys were disseminated six times from August 2020 to March 2021, with the first three data collection points distributed during a state-wide lockdown. A total of 558 responses from various professional roles within the hospital over the survey period were included in the sample. Analysis of variance indicated significant main effects for the psychological variables across time, age, and workload. Hospital staff reported an increase in burnout levels throughout the eight-months. Significant negative relationships were observed between resilience and burnout, and between resilience and stress. A backward regression highlighted the contribution of resilience, stress, age, and nursing roles on burnout. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that resilience contributed to the stress-burnout relationship. This study strengthens the evidence between resilience and burnout among healthcare workers and hospital staff and highlights the need for psychological wellbeing programs to be implemented for hospital staff impacted by a prolonged worldwide pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Armstrong
- Victoria University, 70/104 Ballarat Rd, Footscray, VIC, 3011, Australia. .,Federation University, University Dr, Mount Helen, VIC, 3350, Australia.
| | - Joanne E Porter
- Federation University, University Dr, Mount Helen, VIC, 3350, Australia
| | - Jo-Ann Larkins
- Federation University, University Dr, Mount Helen, VIC, 3350, Australia
| | - Christopher Mesagno
- Victoria University, 70/104 Ballarat Rd, Footscray, VIC, 3011, Australia.,Federation University, University Dr, Mount Helen, VIC, 3350, Australia
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Khammissa RAG, Nemutandani S, Feller G, Lemmer J, Feller L. Burnout phenomenon: neurophysiological factors, clinical features, and aspects of management. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221106428. [PMID: 36113033 PMCID: PMC9478693 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221106428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Burnout syndrome is a distinct “occupational phenomenon” rather than a
medical condition, comprising emotional exhaustion, physical fatigue,
and cognitive weariness. Both exogenous work-related and endogenous
personal factors determine the extent and the severity of symptoms in
burnout syndrome. Persistent burnout is a cause of reduced quality of
life and is associated with increased risk of sleep impairment and
with several medical disorders including mild cognitive impairment,
diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Active coping strategies promoting mental resilience and adaptive
behavior, stress-reducing activities, improving work conditions, and
reducing exposure to work stressors together may alleviate the
distress of burnout and should be introduced early in the clinical
course of burnout syndrome. The purpose of this review was to explain
this complex and puzzling phenomenon and to describe burnout
management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razia A G Khammissa
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences. University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Simon Nemutandani
- School of Oral Health Sciences. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gal Feller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg and Charlotte Maxeke Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Johan Lemmer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Liviu Feller
- School of Oral Health Sciences. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Sivahop J, Broadfoot K, Bowser J. A Tale of Two Curriculums: The Implications of Curriculum Design on Student Burnout. J Physician Assist Educ 2022; 33:248-252. [PMID: 35856650 DOI: 10.1097/jpa.0000000000000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine whether a difference exists in the 3 subconstructs of burnout between 2 cohorts of physician assistant (PA) students in different curricula, and the impact of 4 modifiable curricular factors on student experiences of burnout. METHODS Using a mixed-methods study design, 86 students completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey for Students (MBI-GSS) 8 months postmatriculation. Focus group interviews expanded on the quantitative results and effects of the 4 modifiable factors. RESULTS No significant statistical difference was found in the emotional exhaustion ( p = 0.35), cynicism ( p = 0.29), or professional efficacy ( p = 0.23) scores between the 2 cohorts of PA students. Students did not describe the exact dimensions of burnout; however, qualitative data provided 5 emergent codes based on their experiences. DISCUSSION Despite curricular modifications to address student burnout in the Colorado Curriculum, a statistical difference in burnout scores was not found between the 2 student cohorts. Qualitative findings suggest that PA education programs should examine external factors and student-lived experiences that contribute to burnout in addition to curricular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Sivahop
- Jacqueline Sivahop, EdD, PA-C, is an associate professor for the Child Health Associate/Physician Assistant Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, in Aurora, Colorado
- Kirsten Broadfoot, PhD, is an associate professor for the Child Health Associate/Physician Assistant Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, in Aurora, Colorado
- Jonathan Bowser, MS, PA-C, is an associate professor and the program director of the Child Health Associate/Physician Assistant Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, in Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kirsten Broadfoot
- Jacqueline Sivahop, EdD, PA-C, is an associate professor for the Child Health Associate/Physician Assistant Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, in Aurora, Colorado
- Kirsten Broadfoot, PhD, is an associate professor for the Child Health Associate/Physician Assistant Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, in Aurora, Colorado
- Jonathan Bowser, MS, PA-C, is an associate professor and the program director of the Child Health Associate/Physician Assistant Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, in Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jonathan Bowser
- Jacqueline Sivahop, EdD, PA-C, is an associate professor for the Child Health Associate/Physician Assistant Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, in Aurora, Colorado
- Kirsten Broadfoot, PhD, is an associate professor for the Child Health Associate/Physician Assistant Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, in Aurora, Colorado
- Jonathan Bowser, MS, PA-C, is an associate professor and the program director of the Child Health Associate/Physician Assistant Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, in Aurora, Colorado
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Thompson M, Carlson D, Crawford W, Kacmar KM, Weaver S. You Make Me Sick: Abuse at Work and Healthcare Utilization. HUMAN PERFORMANCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08959285.2022.2104846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Niks IMW, Veldhuis GA, van Zwieten MHJ, Sluijs T, Wiezer NM, Wortelboer HM. Individual Workplace Well-Being Captured into a Literature- and Stakeholders-Based Causal Loop Diagram. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19158925. [PMID: 35897299 PMCID: PMC9331132 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19158925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates an innovative approach to capture the complexity of individual workplace well-being, improving our understanding of multicausal relationships and feedback loops involved. The literature shows that a high number of interacting factors are related to individual workplace well-being. However, many studies focus on subsets of factors, and causal loops are seldomly studied. The aim of the current study was, therefore, to capture individual workplace well-being in a comprehensive conceptual causal loop diagram (CLD). We followed an iterative, qualitative, and transdisciplinary systems-thinking approach including literature search, group model building sessions, retrospective in-depth interviews with employees, and group sessions with human resource professionals, managers, job coaches, and management consultants. The results were discussed with HR and well-being officers of twelve organizations for their critical reflection on the recognizability and potential of the developed CLD. The final result, a conceptual individual workplace well-being CLD, provides a comprehensive overview of multiple, measurable key factors relating to individual workplace well-being and of the way these factors may causally interact over time, either improving or deteriorating workplace well-being. In future studies, the CLD can be translated to a quantitative system dynamics model for simulating workplace well-being scenarios. Ultimately, these simulations could be used to design effective workplace well-being interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M. W. Niks
- Department Work, Health & Technology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2301 DA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.H.J.v.Z.); (N.M.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Guido A. Veldhuis
- Department Defense, Safety & Security, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2509 JG The Hague, The Netherlands;
| | - Marianne H. J. van Zwieten
- Department Work, Health & Technology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2301 DA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.H.J.v.Z.); (N.M.W.)
| | - Teun Sluijs
- Department Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands; (T.S.); (H.M.W.)
| | - Noortje M. Wiezer
- Department Work, Health & Technology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2301 DA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.H.J.v.Z.); (N.M.W.)
| | - Heleen M. Wortelboer
- Department Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands; (T.S.); (H.M.W.)
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Burnout is a topic of high public and research interest, but debate remains as to how the syndrome should best be defined, measured, and diagnosed. In this article, we overview how issues relating to burnout's definition and measurement as well as the debate surrounding its overlap with depression have led to ambiguity surrounding its diagnostic status. We argue for a broader conceptualization of burnout and detail why we position it as distinct from depression, before providing recommendations for clinicians when considering a burnout diagnosis. We highlight that all measures of burnout risk "false-positive" diagnoses and that they should more be viewed as screening strategies with a definitive diagnosis (of "burning out" or "being burnt out") requiring close clinical assessment and exclusion of alternate psychological and physical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Frögéli E, Annell S, Rudman A, Inzunza M, Gustavsson P. The Importance of Effective Organizational Socialization for Preventing Stress, Strain, and Early Career Burnout: An Intensive Longitudinal Study of New Professionals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127356. [PMID: 35742604 PMCID: PMC9223542 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Burnout was originally conceptualized based on experiences of new professionals. Role clarity, task mastery, and social acceptance are recognized as key resources enabling new professionals' management of the challenges of the new profession. However, relations between these resources and stress, strain, and burnout have not yet been thoroughly investigated at professional entry. Increased understanding of these relations could have implications for strategies to prevent burnout. The aim of the study was to investigate within- and between-individual effects over the first months and relations to burnout at one-year post-entry. Data (n = 322) was collected weekly over the first 13 weeks and again 9 months later. Relationships were modelled using a multilevel regression model and correlation analysis. Results showed that on weeks when participants experienced higher role clarity, task mastery, and social acceptance, they reported significantly less stress, and that participants who experienced higher levels of the resources in general, reported significantly less strain. Levels of the resources at three months were related to symptoms of burnout at 12 months. The study findings provide support of the role of task mastery, role clarity, and social acceptance as resources buffering the impact of demands at professional entry on experiences of stress, strain, and burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Frögéli
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.R.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefan Annell
- Department of Leadership and Command & Control, Swedish Defence University, 11428 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Ann Rudman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.R.); (P.G.)
- Department of Caring Sciences, School of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, 79131 Falun, Sweden
| | - Miguel Inzunza
- Police Education and Research Unit, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Petter Gustavsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.R.); (P.G.)
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