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Senter M, Clifford AM, Bhriain ON. Using theory knitting to conceptualize social phenomena in the design and evaluation of dance programs for people living with Parkinson's disease. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2024; 104:102430. [PMID: 38581972 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2024.102430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Dance programs for people living with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) offer participants an opportunity to exercise, engage in artistic self-expression, and form new relationships. While it is understood that the social dimension of dance programs for PwPD contributes to dancer satisfaction and program sustainability, the social mechanisms instrumental to program success are under-examined. Engaging with theory from wider disciplines, or "theory knitting" can help program designers and evaluators examine the mechanisms and contextual factors that make classes socially meaningful with greater detail and specificity. This study identified and examined three theoretical frameworks that program planners and evaluators could use to conceptualize social engagement in dance for PwPD contexts and inform practice. Each theory was assessed for fit using the T-CaST theory comparison and selection tool developed by Birken et al. (2018). As an example, we used anthropologist Victor Turner's (1970; 1977) theory of liminality and communitas to identify five key areas for fostering a sense of social connection in dance for PwPD contexts: (1) selecting a meaningful dance space (2) creating a joyous atmosphere (3) marking entrance into the liminal time and space with rituals (4) embodying liminality and anti-structure and (5) inverting power relations and embracing fluid roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Senter
- Irish World Academy of Music and Dance, Faculty of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences, University of Limerick, Co. Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Amanda M Clifford
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Co. Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Co. Limerick, Ireland; Ageing Research Centre, University of Limerick, Co. Limerick, Ireland
| | - Orfhlaith Ni Bhriain
- Irish World Academy of Music and Dance, Faculty of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences, University of Limerick, Co. Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Co. Limerick, Ireland
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Kawabata M, Gan SR, Shen-Hsing AC. Effects of Square Stepping Exercise on cognitive, physical, psychological, and group functioning in sedentary older adults: A center-based hybrid trial. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:374. [PMID: 38664613 PMCID: PMC11046944 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04904-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Square Stepping Exercise (SSE) is an exercise training program that integrates physical exercise and cognitive elements and can be conducted in a group setting. The potential of SSE in delaying cognitive decline in older adults is promising. However, the coronavirus pandemic has made it more difficult for older adults worldwide to exercise together in person. To address this issue, this study conducted a wholistic evaluation of the effects of a center-based hybrid SSE trial on cognitive, physical, psychological, and group functioning in sedentary older adults. METHODS A total of 93 older adults (19 men, 74 women) participated in the study. Fifty-eight participants (9 men, 49 women) completed center-based hybrid SSE sessions over 12 weeks under coronavirus pandemic circumstances, whereas other 35 participants in the control group maintained their current level of daily activities. Cognitive functions focused on executive functions assessed by the Stroop Color-Word Test (inhibition) and the Trail Marking Test (TMT) (set-shifting). Psychological and group functioning were assessed by the Subjective Vitality Scale and the Physical Activity Group Environment Questionnaire. Physical function was evaluated by measuring gait speeds. A repeated ANOVA was conducted on the measured variables separately for the intervention and control groups to focus on the change of participant's performance over data collection points. RESULTS Outcomes of the Stroop Color-Word Test and the TMT revealed that the hybrid SSE was highly effective in improving executive function. Stroop performance (correct trials) was significantly improved in the incongruent condition, as well as both TMT-A and -B over the intervention period in the intervention group. The hybrid SSE was also beneficial to improve physical (gait speed at usual pace and at the maximum pace) as well as psychological functioning (subjective vitality). Furthermore, SSE participants reported increased engagement with the SSE task, social communication, and increased bonding and closeness with their group members through the hybrid SSE. CONCLUSIONS In this study, hybrid SSE was found to be effective in enhancing cognitive, physical, psychological, and group functioning in sedentary older adults. The findings of this study are crucial to provide older adults with a safer and efficient option to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kawabata
- Rikkyo University, College of Sport and Wellness, 1-2-26 Kitano, Niiza, Saitama, 352-8558, Japan.
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, St Lucia QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Su Ren Gan
- Nanyang Technological University, National Institute of Education, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Annabel Chen Shen-Hsing
- Nanyang Technological University, National Institute of Education, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Social Sciences, 48 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639818, Singapore
- Nanyang Technological University, Centre for Research and Development in Learning (CRADLE), 61 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637335, Singapore
- Nanyang Technological University, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
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Perry CK, Seguin-Fowler R, Maddock JE, Lenstra N, Dieckmann NF, Currier J, Andreyeva E, Winkle J, Trost SG. Rural libraries implementing walking groups or walking groups plus civic engagement for walkability in rural communities: a comparative effectiveness trial study protocol. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1895. [PMID: 37784086 PMCID: PMC10544451 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rural residents generally lack adequate physical activity to benefit health and reduce disparities in chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. The Socioecological Model describes physical activity as involving a dynamic and reciprocal interaction between individual, social, and community factors. Community group-based walking programs and civic engagement interventions aimed at enhancing physical activity have been successful in rural communities but have not targeted all three socioecological levels. Public libraries can act as innovative public health partners in rural communities. However, challenges remain because rural libraries often lack the capacity to implement evidence-based health promotion programming. The goals of this study are (1) build the capacity for rural libraries to implement evidence-based health promotion programs, (2) compare changes in physical activity between a group-based walking program and a combined group-based walking and civic engagement program with rural residents, and (3) conduct an implementation evaluation. METHODS We will conduct a comparative effectiveness study of a group-based walking (standard approach) versus a group-based walking plus civic engagement program (combined approach) aimed at enhancing walkability to increase physical activity among rural adults. Key mediators between the program effects and change in outcomes will also be identified. Finally, we will evaluate program implementation, conduct a cost effectiveness evaluation, and use a positive deviance analysis to understand experiences of high and low changers on key outcomes. Twenty towns will be matched and randomized to one of the two conditions and our aim is to enroll a total of 350-400 rural residents (15-20 per town). Study outcomes will be assessed at baseline, and 6, 12, and 24 months. DISCUSSION This study will build the capacity of rural libraries to implement evidence-based walking programs as well as other health promotion programs in their communities. The study results will answer questions regarding the relative effectiveness and cost effectiveness of two multilevel physical activity interventions targeting rural communities. We will learn what works and how these multilevel interventions can be implemented in rural populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05677906.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia K Perry
- Oregon Health & Science University School of Nursing, 3455 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Rebecca Seguin-Fowler
- Texas A & M University Institute for Advancing Health through Agriculture, 1500 Research Parkway, Centeq Building B, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Jay E Maddock
- Texas A & M University School of Public Health, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Noah Lenstra
- University North Carolina Greensboro School of Education, 1300 Spring Garden St, Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA
| | - Nathan F Dieckmann
- Oregon Health & Science University School of Nursing, 3455 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jessica Currier
- Knight Cancer Institute, Division of Oncological Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 S. Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Elena Andreyeva
- Texas A & M University, 212 Adriance Lab Rd, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jim Winkle
- Oregon Health & Science University School of Nursing, 3455 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Stewart G Trost
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
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Adamson B, Wyatt N, Key L, Boone C, Motl RW. Results of the MOVE MS Program: A Feasibility Study on Group Exercise for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6567. [PMID: 37623153 PMCID: PMC10454660 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20166567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Exercise improves a wide range of symptoms experienced by those living with multiple sclerosis (MS) and may foster community and a positive sense of disability identity. However, exercise rates remain low. Sustained exercise participation has the greatest likelihood of improving symptoms and requires a theory-based approach accounting for the barriers faced by people with MS that impede exercise participation long-term. MOVE MS is a once weekly group exercise program based on Social Cognitive Theory supporting long-term exercise participation through peer instruction, behavior change education, multiple exercise modalities, and seated instruction. This feasibility study evaluated MOVE MS with a 7-month trial. The primary scientific outcome was exercise participation and the secondary outcomes were MS symptoms/impact, self-efficacy, depression, anxiety, disability identity, and quality of life, among others. We further conducted semi-structured formative interviews post-intervention. Thirty-three participants began the program. The onset of COVID-19 necessitated a shift toward online delivery. Seventeen participants completed the program. There were non-significant improvements in exercise participation (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, baseline mean = 14.2 (SD = 11.8), post-intervention mean = 16.6 (SD = 11.2), F-value = 0.53 (Partial Eta2 = 0.08), and several secondary outcomes (including the MS Impact Scale, MS Walking Scale, and the Leeds MS Quality of Life Scale). Sixteen participants were interviewed, and analysis yielded five themes on program components and feedback. MOVE MS-delivered in-person or online-may be a feasible option for long-term exercise programming for people with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brynn Adamson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80907, USA
| | - Nic Wyatt
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 506 S. Wright St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Latashia Key
- Department of Recreation, Sport, and Tourism, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 506 S. Wright St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Carrena Boone
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80907, USA
| | - Robert W. Motl
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, 1200 West Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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Wierts CM, Beauchamp MR, Priebe CS, Zumbo BD, Rhodes RE, Faulkner G. Predictors of changes in running and smoking identity among individuals in the Run to Quit smoking cessation program. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2023; 67:102431. [PMID: 37665884 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multiple health behaviour change is a viable strategy to promote health outcomes. An example is the use of running behaviour to support smoking cessation in the group-mediated Run to Quit program. On the basis that changes in running and smoking identity were related to changes in running and smoking behaviour among individuals in the Run to Quit program, the purpose of this study was to extend these findings by examining key predictors of change in both running and smoking identity. METHODS We analyzed data collected from 450 adult individuals (70.67% female, and 92.44% white) during the program evaluation of Run to Quit from 2016 to 2018. Participants completed assessments at week 1 (baseline), week 3 (mid-program), and week 10 (follow-up) of the program. Relevant predictor variables for change in identity were identified by drawing from theory (identity theory, identity control theory, physical activity self-definition model, social identity theory) and past research regarding exercise and smoking identity. Potential predictors of changes in running and smoking identity included changes in behaviour, self-efficacy, perceptions of the social environment (task and social cohesion, descriptive norms), as well as smoking identity and running identity, respectively. Two regression models, using residualized change scores (for each variable) and relative Pratt indices, were constructed for both running and smoking identity. RESULTS Changes in running self-efficacy, running frequency, and individual attractions to the group exercise tasks were significant and meaningful predictors of change in running identity, whereas changes in objectively measured smoking behaviour and running identity were significant and meaningful predictors of change in smoking identity. CONCLUSION Consistent with identity theories and past research, ensuring individuals develop a sense of efficacy and enjoy group exercise tasks both represent viable strategies to enhance exercise identity. Including an exercise component within smoking cessation programs may help individuals replace their existing smoking identity with a healthier exercise identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin M Wierts
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Carly S Priebe
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruno D Zumbo
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Leo FM, Fernández-Río J, Pulido JJ, Rodríguez-González P, López-Gajardo MA. Assessing class cohesion in primary and secondary education: Development and preliminary validation of the class cohesion questionnaire (CCQ). SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11218-022-09738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zhong Q, Li B, Chen Y. How Do Different Urban Footpath Environments Affect the Jogging Preferences of Residents of Different Genders? Empirical Research Based on Trajectory Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14372. [PMID: 36361258 PMCID: PMC9655205 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the impact of the urban environment on residents' physical activity (PA) has received extensive attention, but whether this impact has differences in the jogging preferences of residents in different footpath environments and different genders requires further research. Therefore, based on jogging trajectory data, this paper uses the grouping multiple linear regression model to study the different influencing factors of different footpath environments on the jogging of residents of different genders. The results show that (1) jogging activities (JA) were mainly concentrated in the community footpath environment, and its peak was reached at night; (2) the rise and fall of elements in built environments, social environments, and natural environments significantly affected the relative jogging distance of residents; (3) Residential land density (RLD) has a positive impact on the JA of community and green land footpaths and has a negative impact on the JA of urban footpaths. However, arterial road density (ARD) and bus distance density (BDD) have opposite significant effects on the JA of communities and green land footpaths; (4) ARD has the significant opposite effect on the JA for residents of different genders on urban footpaths and community footpaths. Facilities diversity (FD), population density (PD), and bus stop density (BSD) also had significant opposite effects on the JA of residents of different genders on green land footpaths. In general, we put forward a method theory to identify the footpath environment and provide references for improving the layout and construction of different gender residents for different footpath environment elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qikang Zhong
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Differences in Older Adults Walking Football Initiation and Maintenance Influences Across Respondent Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional Survey. J Aging Phys Act 2022; 30:936-949. [PMID: 35219276 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2021-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite health benefits gained from physical activity and sport participation, older adults are less likely to be active. This study investigates what influences 50- to 75-year-olds (N = 439) to initiate and maintain walking football, across gender, socioeconomic status, number of health conditions, and physical activity level. It also considers relationships between participant characteristics and influences, and intentions to play after a forced break (COVID-19). Results of a U.K. online cross-sectional survey found those with two or more health conditions rated social influences significantly higher in initiation and maintenance than participants with no health conditions. Multiple regression analysis found a positive walking football culture, and perceived use of maintenance resources contributed significantly to intentions to return to play after COVID-19 restrictions eased. Practitioners should consider providing opportunities for social connection, foster a positive walking football culture, and encourage players to utilize maintenance resources (e.g., scheduling sessions) in older adult walking football sessions.
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Young HJ, Lai B, Mehta T, Thirumalai M, Wilroy J, Yates A, Kane B, Rimmer JH. The movement-to-music (M2M) study: study protocol for a randomized controlled efficacy trial examining a rhythmic teleexercise intervention for people with physical disabilities. Trials 2021; 22:779. [PMID: 34743701 PMCID: PMC8574035 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with physical disabilities need exercise routines that are enjoyable, readily available in the home, adapted to their functional level, and eliminate common barriers to exercise participation related to transportation and time commitment. The purpose of the movement-to-music (M2M) study is to address these issues by establishing a remotely delivered, rhythmic exercise program for people with physical disabilities. METHODS The study is a two-arm randomized controlled efficacy trial examining a 12-week remotely delivered M2M intervention (eM2M) in 108 people with physical disabilities. The primary outcomes are changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength at post 12-week intervention. DISCUSSION The eM2M study will enhance our understanding of an alternative intervention design and delivery mode that removes common barriers to exercise participation experienced by people with physical disabilities. The eM2M intervention may be an alternative option for people with physical disabilities to obtain regular exercise, especially during a pandemic when exercising in indoor facilities may be problematic. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03797378. Registered on January 9, 2019, with the trial name "Movement-to-Music: Lakeshore Examination of Activity, Disability, and Exercise Response Study (M2M LEADERS)".
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ju Young
- UAB/Lakeshore Research Collaborative, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Byron Lai
- UAB/Lakeshore Research Collaborative, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Division of Pediatric and Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tapan Mehta
- UAB/Lakeshore Research Collaborative, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Health Services Administration, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mohanraj Thirumalai
- UAB/Lakeshore Research Collaborative, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Health Services Administration, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jereme Wilroy
- UAB/Lakeshore Research Collaborative, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alex Yates
- UAB/Lakeshore Research Collaborative, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brandon Kane
- UAB/Lakeshore Research Collaborative, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James H Rimmer
- UAB/Lakeshore Research Collaborative, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Ahn PH, van Swol LM, Kim SJ, Park H. Enhanced Motivation and Decision Making from Hybrid Creative Problem Solving. SMALL GROUP RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/10464964211043565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid brainstorming is ecologically more valid than all-interactive or all-noninteractive brainstorming, yet understudied. Although ideational benefits of hybrid groups have been found, studies have rarely focused on its affective/motivational contributions or ability to select ideas. In a randomized experiment, noninteractive-then-interactive (hybrid) groups perceived (1) higher goal clarity, engagement, and task attractiveness, and (2) chose more quality ideas than all-noninteractive groups. Additionally, (3) given the instruction for both hybrid and all-noninteractive conditions to be critical in idea selection, participants individually selected ideas that were more useful, thus overall higher quality, than the nonselected.
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Kawabata M, Gan SR, Goh G, Omar SAB, Oh ITF, Wee WQ, Okura T. Acute effects of Square Stepping Exercise on cognitive and social functions in sedentary young adults: a home-based online trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:82. [PMID: 34334140 PMCID: PMC8325990 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00309-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The Square Stepping Exercise (SSE) is an exercise training program incorporating cognitive and physical exercise components, which was originally developed for older adults to reduce falling risks. SSE’s potential in delaying cognitive decline in older adults seems to be promising. However, there is scarce research on the SSE program with young adults. Furthermore, the outbreak of coronavirus disease has imposed people to change their lifestyle and behaviors, including exercise behaviors. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of a home-based online SSE trial on cognitive and social functions in sedentary young adults. Methods A total of 18 young adults (6 males, 12 females) participated in the present study. They completed two exercise conditions (SSE and active control exercise), consisting of 3 sessions per week, over 2 weeks. A 2 times (pre vs. post) × 2 conditions (SSE vs. active control) repeated-measures ANCOVA was conducted on the score of the Modified Card Sorting Task with age and education year as covariates. A one-way repeated-measures MANOVA was performed on the subscale scores of the Physical Activity Group Environment Questionnaire to examine the effects of the exercise conditions (SSE vs. active control) on group cohesion. Results SSE was found effective to improve executive function such as abstract reasoning, mental flexibility, and problem-solving skills. Furthermore, participants’ perceptions of social interaction with their group, and closeness and bonding existing in their group were significantly higher in the SSE condition than the active control condition. Conclusions In the present study, SSE was conducted online and found to be effective to enhance executive function and group cohesion in sedentary young adults. These novel approach and findings are the strengths of the present study. People aged 60 years and over are more vulnerable to the coronavirus and at higher risk of developing serious illness. Given the coronavirus pandemic circumstances, it is worthwhile to explore the possibility of the online SSE approach to older adults in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kawabata
- Nanyang Technological University, National Institute of Education, 1 Nanyang Walk, 637616, Singapore, Singapore. .,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Su Ren Gan
- Nanyang Technological University, National Institute of Education, 1 Nanyang Walk, 637616, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gint Goh
- Nanyang Technological University, National Institute of Education, 1 Nanyang Walk, 637616, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siti Aisha Binte Omar
- Nanyang Technological University, National Institute of Education, 1 Nanyang Walk, 637616, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ivan T F Oh
- Nanyang Technological University, National Institute of Education, 1 Nanyang Walk, 637616, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan Qi Wee
- Nanyang Technological University, National Institute of Education, 1 Nanyang Walk, 637616, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tomohiro Okura
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai , Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
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12
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Kim H, Lee C, Lee S, Chung KM. Effect of Group Contingency Type on Walking: Comparisons of Effectiveness and Cost Efficiency. Front Psychol 2021; 12:655663. [PMID: 34122239 PMCID: PMC8195251 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.655663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Group contingency (GC) is an effective and cost-efficient strategy that can be successfully applied to technology-based interventions. This study examined the relative effectiveness and cost efficiency of three types of technology-based group contingencies on walking among adults. Seventy two students were divided into teams of three. Each team was randomly assigned to one of three GC conditions (independent, interdependent, or dependent) and underwent 66 days of technology-based group contingency intervention. Sixty five participants completed the intervention and 61 completed the follow-up assessment 2 months later. Step counts and self-reported walking activity increased after the intervention under all three conditions. The proportion of participants that met the target step counts was significantly higher under the dependent group contingency condition. However, 2 months later, intervention effects were not maintained under any condition. For cost efficiency, the increase in step count per point was significantly higher under the interdependent group contingency condition. Group cohesion and social validity (point satisfaction and point utility) were significantly higher under the dependent group contingency condition. Finally, the clinical implications and limitations of this study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kyong-Mee Chung
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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Harden SM, Balis LE, Strayer T, Wilson ML. Assess, Plan, Do, Evaluate, and Report: Iterative Cycle to Remove Academic Control of a Community-Based Physical Activity Program. Prev Chronic Dis 2021; 18:E32. [PMID: 33830914 PMCID: PMC8051858 DOI: 10.5888/pcd18.200513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES Responsive methods and measures are needed to bridge research to practice and address public health issues, such as older adults' need for multicomponent physical activity. The objective of this study was to detail the longitudinal, quasi-experimental work that spans 5 years to describe outcomes across RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) dimensions of integrating a physical activity intervention for older adults into the Cooperative Extension System through the assess, plan, do, evaluate, report (APDER) cycle. INTERVENTION APPROACH The participant-level intervention is Lifelong Improvements through Fitness Together (LIFT), an 8-week, group dynamics-based, strength-training program with 16 in-person sessions. The implementation intervention applies the iterative APDER cycle based on feedback for each dimension of RE-AIM. Each year, the APDER cycle was used to embed data collection procedures at the instructor and participant level to reveal the next evolution of the program. EVALUATION METHODS Each evolution of LIFT was measured through a pretest and posttest quasi-experimental design. Data were collected on each RE-AIM dimension through participant surveys and functional fitness assessments, number and representativeness of trainees, and process evaluation. RESULTS Overall, LIFT was expanded to 4 states with 275 instructors, reaching 816 older adults; consistently improved functional fitness outcome measures; demonstrated strong program adherence; and was seen as feasible and enjoyable by instructors and participants. LIFT is now undergoing adaptations for virtual delivery as well as updating the exercise protocol to introduce yoga postures that target flexibility and balance. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH Overall, ongoing adaptations were necessary to ensure the program continued to fit the mission, values, and resources of the delivery system. Public health implications to support the need for ongoing adaptation include embedding pragmatic measures of adaptations and RE-AIM into standard evaluation pathways and using iterative APDER cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Harden
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
- Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24060.
| | - Laura E Balis
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
- University of Wyoming Extension, Lander, Wyoming
| | - Thomas Strayer
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Center for Quality Aging, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Meghan L Wilson
- Bluefield College, Department of Biology, Bluefield, Virginia
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Blacksburg, Virginia
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Ruiz MC, Devonport TJ, Chen-Wilson CH(J, Nicholls W, Cagas JY, Fernandez-Montalvo J, Choi Y, Robazza C. A Cross-Cultural Exploratory Study of Health Behaviors and Wellbeing During COVID-19. Front Psychol 2021; 11:608216. [PMID: 33510684 PMCID: PMC7835515 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.608216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on perceived health behaviors; physical activity, sleep, and diet behaviors, alongside associations with wellbeing. Participants were 1,140 individuals residing in the United Kingdom (n = 230), South Korea (n = 204), Finland (n = 171), Philippines (n = 132), Latin America (n = 124), Spain (n = 112), North America (n = 87), and Italy (n = 80). They completed an online survey reporting possible changes in the targeted behaviors as well as perceived changes in their physical and mental health. Multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVA) on the final sample (n = 1,131) revealed significant mean differences regarding perceived physical and mental health "over the last week," as well as changes in health behaviors during the pandemic by levels of physical activity and country of residence. Follow up analyses indicated that individuals with highest decrease in physical activity reported significantly lower physical and mental health, while those with highest increase in physical activity reported significantly higher increase in sleep and lower weight gain. United Kingdom participants reported lowest levels of physical health and highest increase in weight while Latin American participants reported being most affected by emotional problems. Finnish participants reported significantly higher ratings for physical health. The physical activity by country interaction was significant for wellbeing. MANCOVA also revealed significant differences across physical activity levels and four established age categories. Participants in the oldest category reported being significantly least affected by personal and emotional problems; youngest participants reported significantly more sleep. The age by physical activity interaction was significant for eating. Discussed in light of Hobfoll (1998) conservation of resources theory, findings endorse the policy of advocating physical activity as a means of generating and maintaining resources combative of stress and protective of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse C. Ruiz
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tracey J. Devonport
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Wendy Nicholls
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Y. Cagas
- Department of Sports Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Diliman, Philippines
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Youngjun Choi
- Department of Physical Education, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Claudio Robazza
- BIND-Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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15
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McMahon SK, Lewis BA, Guan W, Wyman JF, Rothman AJ. Community-based intervention effects on older adults' physical activity and falls: Protocol and rationale for a randomized optimization trial (Ready Steady3.0). Contemp Clin Trials 2020; 101:106238. [PMID: 33285280 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.106238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Ready Steady 3.0 trial is designed to test the main and interactive effects of two behavior change intervention components, within an 8-week physical activity intervention, on older adults' physical activity (PA). Each component is comprised of behavior change strategies that emphasize two different evidence-based ways to motivate older adults to be active: interpersonal and intrapersonal. 308 adults ≥70 years old will be randomized to 1 of 4 conditions in a 2 × 2 full factorial trial in which the two factors represent the receipt (No, Yes) of interpersonal or intrapersonal behavior change strategies. Participants will also receive two core intervention components: the Otago Exercise Program adapted for small groups and a PA monitor. Interventions across conditions will be delivered during 8 weekly, small group, meetings in community settings. The primary outcome of PA, measured objectively, and secondary outcomes of falls and the quality of life will be assessed at baseline and post-intervention: 1 week, 6 months, and 12 months. Findings will enable the identification of behavior change content that contributes to physical activity outcomes within a physical activity intervention for older adults. This study is one of the first to use the MOST framework to guide the development of a community-based physical activity intervention for older adults to reduce the public health problems of low PA and falls. The results will enable the optimization of behavior change content within a PA intervention for older adults and, in turn, other PA interventions for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan K McMahon
- University of Minnesota, School of Nursing, 5-140 Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Beth A Lewis
- University of Minnesota, School of Kinesiology, 1900 University Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Weihua Guan
- University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Jean F Wyman
- University of Minnesota, School of Nursing, 5-140 Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Alexander J Rothman
- University of Minnesota, Psychology, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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16
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Schürer S, van Ophuysen S, Behrmann L. A New Instrument for Assessing Cohesion in Primary and Grammar School Classes—Factorial Structure and Measurement Invariance of the GruKo4. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0734282920966825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Class climate has been focused in the context of school research for decades. One central facet of class climate is cohesion. Whereas there are well-elaborated instruments to assess cohesion in different contexts (e.g., sport and therapy), such an instrument is missing for the school context. The aim of the current article is to present an instrument to measure different facets of group cohesion in classes of primary and grammar schools. The factorial structure of the instrument is analyzed using data from Grades 2 to 7 ( N ≈ 3052 from 146 classes) by means of confirmatory factor analysis. Furthermore, tests of measurement invariance across the different levels of education (primary vs. grammar school) are undertaken. Results support configural as well as partial metric and scalar invariance between students of primary and grammar schools. Further, cohesion in primary schools is significantly higher than in grammar schools. Limitations of the study and implications for future research in the context of school are discussed.
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17
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Netzer O, Shechtman Z. Individual Versus Group Physical Therapy for Patients with Low Back Pain: Outcomes and Process (Therapeutic Factors). Int J Group Psychother 2020; 70:349-374. [PMID: 38449218 DOI: 10.1080/00207284.2020.1727746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a common health problem usually treated individually, and requires costly physical therapy. Group treatment, besides being cost-effective, provides psychological support to the recovery of people who struggle with a physically disabling condition. The current study compares individual and group treatment of LBP, measuring differences in outcomes and process data (therapeutic factors). The study included 158 patients who participated in group (n = 71) and individual (n = 87) physical therapy, using a pre-post-follow-up design. Results indicated a significant improvement in all outcome measures at postintervention in both treatment settings, with no difference between them, which were sustained at follow-up. On a clinical level, a few differences were found: At postintervention, minimal clinically important improvement in perceived functioning and level of pain was greater among patients treated individually. On the other hand, at follow-up, only group participants gained additionally in perceived functioning and in fear avoidance. Therapeutic factors of other- versus self-focus and problem definition-change were more prevalent in group treatment.
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18
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Harden SM, Steketee AM, Kelliher R, Mason KA, Fitzwater Boyle N. Using a Studio-Academic Partnership to Advance Public Health Within a Pragmatic Yoga Setting. J Prim Care Community Health 2020; 10:2150132719874621. [PMID: 31538842 PMCID: PMC6755627 DOI: 10.1177/2150132719874621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To explore community-based yoga studio practitioners' psychosocial variables, behaviors, and studio satisfaction. Methods: Concurrent mixed-methods study consisted of a survey for demographic variables and psychosocial variables of interest (e.g., mindfulness, self-compassion, physical activity participation) and interviews regarding reasons for participating at the yoga studio. Results: Participants (N = 138) were, on average, 35.58 ± 14.09 years old and predominantly female (91.3%), married (40.6%) or single (37%), Caucasian (75%), and college (25.4%) or graduate/medical school (45%) educated, with 54% meeting physical activity recommendations. On a 5-point Likert-type scale, participants reported being moderately cohesive (Msumscore = 3.87 ± 0.62), stressed (Msumscore = 3.2 ± 0.39), mindful (Msumscore = 3.4 ± 0.41), and self-compassionate (Msumscore = 3.26 ± 0.56). A rapid content analysis of interviews (n = 18), indicated that participants primarily practiced at the studio for the sense of community. Conclusions: Yoga practitioners reported positive perceptions and behaviors; however, opportunities remain for interventions to improve mental and physical health among individuals already attending a yoga studio. Through an academic-studio partnership, studio offerings may include low-dose evidence-based interventions to improve access to and uptake of a yoga practice.
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Jolly K, Griffin T, Sidhu M, Adab P, Burgess A, Collins C, Daley A, Entwistle A, Frew E, Hardy P, Hurley K, Jones L, McGee E, Pallan M, Sun Y, Young M, Morgan P. A weight management programme for fathers of children aged 4–11 years: cultural adaptation and the Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids UK feasibility RCT. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3310/phr08020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
More men than women in the UK are living with overweight or obesity, but men are less likely to engage with weight loss programmes. Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids is an effective Australian weight management programme that targets fathers, who participate with their primary school-aged children. Behavioural interventions do not always transfer between contexts, so an adaptation of the Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids programme to an ethnically diverse UK setting was trialled.
Objectives
To adapt and test the Australian Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids programme for delivery to men in an ethnically diverse, socioeconomically disadvantaged UK setting.
Design
Phase 1a studied the cultural adaptation of the Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids programme and was informed by qualitative data from fathers and other family members, and a theoretical framework. Phase 1b was an uncontrolled feasibility trial. Phase 2 was a randomised controlled feasibility trial.
Setting
Two ethnically diverse, socioeconomically disadvantaged UK cities.
Participants
In phase 1a, participants were parents and family members from black and minority ethnic groups and/or socioeconomically deprived localities. In phases 1b and 2, participants were fathers with overweight or obesity and their children aged 4–11 years.
Interventions
The adapted Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids intervention comprised nine sessions that targeted diet and physical activity and incorporated joint father–child physical activity. Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids was delivered in two programmes in phase 1b and four programmes in phase 2. Those in the comparator arm in phase 2 received a family voucher to attend a local sports centre.
Main outcome measures
The following outcomes were measured: recruitment to the trial, retention, intervention fidelity, attendance, feasibility of trial processes and collection of outcome data.
Results
Forty-three fathers participated (intervention group, n = 29) in phase 2 (48% of recruitment target), despite multiple recruitment locations. Fathers’ mean body mass index was 30.2 kg/m2 (standard deviation 5.1 kg/m2); 60.2% were from a minority ethnic group, with a high proportion from disadvantaged localities. Twenty-seven (63%) fathers completed follow-up at 3 months. Identifying sites for delivery at a time that was convenient for the families, with appropriately skilled programme facilitators, proved challenging. Four programmes were delivered in leisure centres and community venues. Of the participants who attended the intervention at least once (n = 20), 75% completed the programme (attended five or more sessions). Feedback from participants rated the sessions as ‘good’ or ‘very good’ and participants reported behavioural change. Researcher observations of intervention delivery showed that the sessions were delivered with high fidelity.
Conclusions
The intervention was well delivered and received, but there were significant challenges in recruiting overweight men, and follow-up rates at 3 and 6 months were low. We do not recommend progression to a definitive trial as it was not feasible to deliver the Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids programme to fathers living with overweight and obesity in ethnically diverse, socioeconomically deprived communities in the UK. More work is needed to explore the optimal ways to engage fathers from ethnically diverse socioeconomically deprived populations in research.
Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN16724454.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 8, No. 2. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Jolly
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tania Griffin
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Manbinder Sidhu
- Health Services Management Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Peymane Adab
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Clare Collins
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, and Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda Daley
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Loughborough, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - Emma Frew
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Pollyanna Hardy
- Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kiya Hurley
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura Jones
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Eleanor McGee
- Birmingham Community Health Care NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Miranda Pallan
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yongzhong Sun
- Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Myles Young
- School of Education, and Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip Morgan
- School of Education, and Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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20
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Chermette C, Kleinert J, Pels F. Cohesion and adherence in exercise groups of patients with chronic heart diseases - a prospective study. Psychol Health 2019; 35:887-900. [PMID: 31674201 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1683180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: In cardiac rehabilitation, long-term adherence to exercise prescription is an important prerequisite to reduce mortality and the risk of recurrent cardiac events. Cohesion seems to be an important predictor of adherence when exercise is conducted in prevention settings, but in clinical settings, this relationship is currently unknown. To address this gap, the goal of this study was to determine the relationship between group cohesion and adherence in cardiac rehabilitation programs considering the duration of membership as a moderator.Design: The study was conducted with 474 participants (21.7% women), in three rehabilitation centres in North Rhine Westphalia, Germany, assessing cohesion, adherence and group membership in outpatient cardiac exercise groups.Main Outcome Measures: Cohesion was assessed using the KIT-FG and adherence was operationalized as the total number of sessions attended over a 7-week period.Results: Moderated hierarchical stepwise regression analyses revealed that perceptions of the social dimension of group cohesion significantly predicted adherence behaviour only for members with a rather long duration of membership.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that cohesion might have a differential effect on an individual's decision to regularly participate in exercise, depending on the duration of membership in the group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Chermette
- Department of Health & Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Kleinert
- Department of Health & Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fabian Pels
- Department of Health & Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
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21
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A Group Dynamics-Based Exercise Intervention to Improve Physical Activity Maintenance in Breast Cancer Survivors. J Phys Act Health 2019; 16:785-791. [PMID: 31319398 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To maintain increases in physical activity (PA), interventions that implement group dynamics principles and strategies with the intent of enhancing group cohesion may be advantageous. This study examined group cohesion and PA following a group dynamics-based PA intervention among breast cancer survivors. METHODS The study was designed as a pilot randomized controlled trial comparing an 8-week group dynamics-based intervention with an individually supervised intervention. Group cohesion was measured by the Physical Activity Group Environment Questionnaire, and PA was measured at baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up using a self-report questionnaire and pedometer. RESULTS Group cohesion levels were high following the intervention and positively associated with PA at 3-month follow-up (ranger = .182-.555). At 3-month follow-up, 91.7% of participants in the group-dynamics-based intervention (n = 12) were classified as moderately active or greater, compared with 54.5% in the individually supervised intervention (n = 11). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that, for breast cancer survivors, peer support and fostering group cohesion as part of an exercise program may help to support PA following the completion of a structured intervention. A larger trial with longer follow-up is needed to establish comparative efficacy for a group-dynamics-based exercise intervention to enhance long-term PA adherence in breast cancer survivors.
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22
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Stevens M, Rees T, Steffens NK, Haslam SA, Coffee P, Polman R. Leaders' creation of shared identity impacts group members' effort and performance: Evidence from an exercise task. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218984. [PMID: 31295265 PMCID: PMC6622477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that leaders' effectiveness derives in part from their creation of a sense of identity that is shared by members of a group they are attempting to lead (i.e., their identity entrepreneurship). Little is known, however, about the impact of identity entrepreneurship in sport and exercise settings, particularly in relation to its effect on group members' effort and performance. Using a pre-post between subjects experimental design, we examined the effect of leaders' identity entrepreneurship on group members' effort and performance during 5km cycling time trials. Following a baseline session (in which time trials were completed individually), participants (N = 72) were randomly allocated to either a high or low identity entrepreneurship condition, and further randomly divided into groups of five (including a leader who was a confederate). In the subsequent test sessions (which participants attended with their fellow group members), leaders displayed either high or low identity entrepreneurship behaviors. Results indicated that, compared to participants in the low identity entrepreneurship condition, those in the high identity entrepreneurship condition maintained greater effort (maximum heart rate), and demonstrated improved (rather than poorer) performance (average power output in the first 60 seconds of time trials). Examination of pacing showed that the largest increases in participants' average power output occurred in the early stages of their second time trials for those in the high identity entrepreneurship condition only. Results provide causal evidence that leaders who create a shared sense of identity among team members are able to inspire greater participant effort and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Stevens
- Bournemouth University, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Management, Poole, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Rees
- Bournemouth University, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Management, Poole, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Pete Coffee
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Remco Polman
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Borek AJ, Abraham C, Greaves CJ, Gillison F, Tarrant M, Morgan-Trimmer S, McCabe R, Smith JR. Identifying change processes in group-based health behaviour-change interventions: development of the mechanisms of action in group-based interventions (MAGI) framework. Health Psychol Rev 2019; 13:227-247. [PMID: 31190619 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2019.1625282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Group-based interventions are widely used to promote health-related behaviour change. While processes operating in groups have been extensively described, it remains unclear how behaviour change is generated in group-based health-related behaviour-change interventions. Understanding how such interventions facilitate change is important to guide intervention design and process evaluations. We employed a mixed-methods approach to identify, map and define change processes operating in group-based behaviour-change interventions. We reviewed multidisciplinary literature on group dynamics, taxonomies of change technique categories, and measures of group processes. Using weight-loss groups as an exemplar, we also reviewed qualitative studies of participants' experiences and coded transcripts of 38 group sessions from three weight-loss interventions. Finally, we consulted group participants, facilitators and researchers about our developing synthesis of findings. The resulting 'Mechanisms of Action in Group-based Interventions' (MAGI) framework comprises six overarching categories: (1) group intervention design features, (2) facilitation techniques, (3) group dynamic and development processes, (4) inter-personal change processes, (5) selective intra-personal change processes operating in groups, and (6) contextual influences. The framework provides theoretical explanations of how change occurs in group-based behaviour-change interventions and can be applied to optimise their design and delivery, and to guide evaluation, facilitator training and further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra J Borek
- a University of Exeter Medical School , University of Exeter , Exeter , UK
| | - Charles Abraham
- a University of Exeter Medical School , University of Exeter , Exeter , UK
| | - Colin J Greaves
- a University of Exeter Medical School , University of Exeter , Exeter , UK
| | - Fiona Gillison
- b Department for Health , University of Bath , Bath , UK
| | - Mark Tarrant
- a University of Exeter Medical School , University of Exeter , Exeter , UK
| | | | - Rose McCabe
- a University of Exeter Medical School , University of Exeter , Exeter , UK
| | - Jane R Smith
- a University of Exeter Medical School , University of Exeter , Exeter , UK
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Evans MB, Graupensperger S, Benson AJ, Eys M, Hastings B, Gottschall JS. Group structure and entitativity in group fitness: considering groupness at within- and between-group levels. Psychol Health 2019; 34:715-732. [PMID: 30693798 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1566548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE How can we distinguish between a collection of individuals exercising alongside one another from group that is exercising 'together'? This question is central to research on the extent that individuals perceive their fitness settings to entail core features of groups. To advance understanding of the nature of groupness and its implications in exercise, the current study (a) evaluated a brief measure of groupness and (b) examined the extent that groupness predicted perceptions of exertion and affect. DESIGN Participants included 633 exercisers (Mage = 33.92, SD = 11.05, 74% female) who completed surveys after group fitness classes (k = 34). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Groupness, affect, exertion, and group cohesion. RESULTS Exploratory structural equation modelling provided support for a two-factor solution reflecting entitativity and group structure as subdimensions of groupness. The groupness factors were differentially associated with theoretically relevant aspects of classes (e.g. synchronised movement), the individual (e.g. number of members interacted with), as well as group cohesion. Groupness also predicted perceived exertion and affect. CONCLUSION Our research provides support for a brief measure of groupness, advances theory related to how individuals perceive exercise groups, and provides evidence regarding how broader experiences during exercise may relate to exercisers' perceptions of groupness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Blair Evans
- a Department of Kinesiology , Penn State University , University Park , PA , USA
| | - Scott Graupensperger
- a Department of Kinesiology , Penn State University , University Park , PA , USA
| | - Alex J Benson
- b Department of Psychology , University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Mark Eys
- c Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education , Wilfrid Laurier University , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada.,d Department of Psychology , Wilfrid Laurier University , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada
| | | | - Jinger S Gottschall
- a Department of Kinesiology , Penn State University , University Park , PA , USA
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Stevens M, Rees T, Polman R. Social identification, exercise participation, and positive exercise experiences: Evidence from parkrun. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:221-228. [PMID: 29912669 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1489360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that social identities may have profound implications for physical activity participation. Real-world examinations of this relationship have, however, been lacking, with research predominantly examining intentions and hypothetical scenarios. To address this shortcoming and further advance understanding in this area, the present study tested relationships between group identification, participation, two exercise-specific outcomes (exercise-specific satisfaction and group cohesion), and a broad health indicator (life satisfaction) among individuals recruited from parkrun. Participants (N = 289) completed questionnaires measuring all variables except participants' parkrun participation, which was objectively assessed. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that group identification was significantly associated with greater participation, exercise-specific satisfaction, group cohesion, and life satisfaction. Findings provide real-world evidence of the health-related benefits associated with forming strong social identities in exercise settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Stevens
- a Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Management , Bournemouth University , Fern Barrow , UK
| | - Tim Rees
- a Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Management , Bournemouth University , Fern Barrow , UK
| | - Remco Polman
- b School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia
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Eys MA, Brawley LR. Reflections on cohesion research with sport and exercise groups. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wilson ML, Strayer TE, Davis R, Harden SM. Informed Adaptations of a Strength-Training Program through a Research-Practice Partnership. Front Public Health 2018; 6:58. [PMID: 29552554 PMCID: PMC5840863 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficacy and effectiveness data for strength-training programs targeting older adults have been well established, but it is evident that they are not translated within practice-based settings to have a public health impact, as most (~90%) older adults are not meeting strength-training recommendations. Strength-training interventions developed, delivered, and evaluated in highly controlled settings (e.g., eligibility requirements, certified instructor, etc.) may not reflect real-world needs. One strategy to improve these outcomes is to work through an integrated research–practice partnership (IRPP) to plan and evaluate an intervention to better fit within the intended delivery system. The purpose of this study was to describe the IRPP method by which academic and practice representatives can partner to select and adapt a best-fit strength-training program for older adults. This work was planned and evaluated using the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance framework, applying the AIM dimensions to complement the methodology of the partnership. In this pragmatic work, members of the IRPP adapted the evidence-based program, Stay Strong, Stay Healthy (SSSH) into a new program, Lifelong Improvements through Fitness Together (LIFT). Of the health educators who agreed to be randomized to deliver LIFT or SSSH (N = 9), five were randomized to SSSH and four were randomized to deliver LIFT. Fifty percent of educators randomized to SSSH delivered the program, whereas 80% of the health educators randomized to LIFT delivered the program. The health educators deemed LIFT more suitable for delivery than SSSH, self-reported high rates of fidelity in program delivery, and intended on delivering the program in the following year. In conclusion, this study provides transparent methods for using an IRPP to adapt an intervention as well as preliminary outcomes related to adoption, implementation, and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L Wilson
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Thomas E Strayer
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Rebecca Davis
- Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Samantha M Harden
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Wilson ML, Strayer TE, Davis R, Harden SM. Use of an Integrated Research-Practice Partnership to Improve Outcomes of a Community-Based Strength-Training Program for Older Adults: Reach and Effect of Lifelong Improvements through Fitness Together (LIFT). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E237. [PMID: 29385024 PMCID: PMC5858306 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Only 17% of older adults meet the recommendations for two days of full body strength training that is associated with improved functional fitness; reduced risk of falls; and reduced morbidity and mortality rates. Community-based interventions are recommended as they provide supportive infrastructure to reach older adults and impact strength training behaviors. Scalability and sustainability of these interventions is directly linked with setting-level buy-in. Adapting an intervention through an integrated research-practice partnership may improve individual and setting-level outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the initial reach and effect of a locally adapted, health educator-led strength-training intervention; Lifelong Improvements through Fitness Together (LIFT). LIFT was compared to an evidence-based exercise program, Stay Strong; Stay Healthy (SSSH). Intervention dose and mode were the same for LIFT and SSSH, but LIFT included behavioral change strategies. Older adult functional fitness was assessed before and after the 8-week strength training intervention. Health educators who delivered LIFT and SSSH were able to reach 80 and 33 participants, respectively. Participants in LIFT were able to significantly improve in all functional fitness measures whereas SSSH participants were only able to significantly improve in 5 of the 7 functional fitness measures. In conclusion, this study provides preliminary evidence that the locally adapted program reached more individuals and had improvements in functional fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L Wilson
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Thomas E Strayer
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA.
| | - Rebecca Davis
- Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Samantha M Harden
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Gilbert M, Chaubet P, Karelis A, Dancause KN. Perceptions of group exercise courses and instructors among Quebec adults. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2017; 3:e000278. [PMID: 29259811 PMCID: PMC5728298 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group exercise courses are popular among adults, but dropout rates are high. Studies of relationships between participants' perceptions and their participation might highlight factors to target to improve adherence and re-enrolment. METHODS We used a mixed-methods approach to analyse perceptions of group exercise courses and instructors among 463 adults. Participants completed the Exercise Barriers and Benefits Scale, questionnaires on perceptions of the instructor and course, and non-participation. We assessed participation from weeks 2-4 and 5-10, and re-enrolment. We analysed relationships between perceptions and re-enrolment using linear regression and mediation analyses. We conducted group interviews with 11 participants. RESULTS Predictors of re-enrolment included early participation (β=0.11, P=0.029) and perceptions of the group social climate (P=0.027). Perceptions of the group mediated the relationship between early participation and re-enrolment (95% CI 0.0036 to 0.0471): early participation predicted more positive perceptions (β=2.11, P=0.003), which predicted re-enrolment (β=0.01, P=0.006). Qualitative analyses highlighted instructors' roles in promoting social exchange and integrating participants into the group. CONCLUSIONS The social climate of group exercise courses is a key factor predicting re-enrolment. Early participation predicts re-enrolment on its own, and also promotes positive perceptions of the group. Instructors can target these factors by sensitising participants to the importance of early participation, and promoting social exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Gilbert
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Philippe Chaubet
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Antony Karelis
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kelsey Needham Dancause
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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Herens M, Wagemakers A. Assessing participants' perceptions on group-based principles for action in community-based health enhancing physical activity programmes: The APEF tool. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2017; 65:54-68. [PMID: 28719809 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In community-based health enhancing physical activity (CBHEPA) programmes, group-based principles for action such as active participation, enjoyment, and fostering group processes are widely advocated. However, not much is known about participants' perceptions of these principles as there are no assessment tools available. Therefore, this article describes the development of the APEF (Active Participation, Enjoyment, and Fostering group processes) tool and reports on its implementation in a Dutch CBHEPA programme. Indicators for the principles have been identified from literature research, interviews with professionals, and secondary analysis of three group interviews with 11 practitioners. To address the identified indicators, the APEF tool was developed, pretested, and used in 10 focus groups with 76 participants. The APEF tool consists of eight statements about group-based principles for action, on which CBHEPA participants vote, followed by in-depth discussion. The voting procedure engages participants. Spider diagrams visualise participants' perceptions of group-based principles. The APEF tool addresses the challenge of relating group level outcomes to individual outcomes such as physical activity behaviour. The tool facilitates as well as evaluates group-based principles for action, it stimulates dialogue and is culturally sensitive, but it needs strong facilitating skills to manage group dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Herens
- Wageningen University & Research, Health and Society, Hollandseweg 1, PO Box 8130, 6700 EW, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Annemarie Wagemakers
- Wageningen University & Research, Health and Society, Hollandseweg 1, PO Box 8130, 6700 EW, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Tate DF, Valle CG, Crane MM, Nezami BT, Samuel-Hodge CD, Hatley KE, Diamond M, Polzien K. Randomized trial comparing group size of periodic in-person sessions in a remotely delivered weight loss intervention. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:144. [PMID: 29061153 PMCID: PMC5654056 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few randomized studies have examined differential effects of group size in behavioral weight control, especially in hybrid programs that include Internet treatment approaches. METHODS Randomized controlled trial (n = 195) comparing a 4 month hybrid internet weight loss program coupled with monthly face to face groups of 100 persons (Large Group, LG; 1 group) or to the same approach with monthly groups of 20 persons (Small Group, SG; 4 groups). Repeated-measures mixed-model analysis with age and race as covariates were used to estimate primary (weight) and secondary outcomes, and to test group differences in change over time. RESULTS The sample was 46.3 years old ±10.4, 90.3% female, and 51.9% non-white, with BMI 37.9 ± 8.4 kg/m2. Participants in the LG were more likely to return for the 4-month assessment visit than those in the SG (p = 0.04). Participants randomized to both the LG and SG conditions experienced significant WL over time (no between group difference: -4.1 kg and -3.7 kg, respectively) and weight loss was positively associated with attendance at monthly meetings and logins to the website. Satisfaction with the program was high and similar in both groups (94.4% reported that they were "satisfied" or "very satisfied"). CONCLUSIONS Using a hybrid approach of in-person and online weight loss interventions may be an effective way to reach larger and more diverse populations. Delivering the face to face component of the intervention in groups larger than those traditionally delivered (20-25 people) could increase the cost-effectiveness of group-based behavioral weight loss interventions. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01615471 . Registered June 6, 2012. Registered retrospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah F. Tate
- Department of Health Behavior, Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7440 USA
| | - Carmina G. Valle
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7294 USA
| | - Melissa M. Crane
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1700 W. Van Buren St., Suite 470, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Brooke T. Nezami
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7294 USA
| | - Carmen D. Samuel-Hodge
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7426 USA
| | - Karen E. Hatley
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7294 USA
| | - Molly Diamond
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7294 USA
| | - Kristen Polzien
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7294 USA
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Ritvo P, Obadia M, Santa Mina D, Alibhai S, Sabiston C, Oh P, Campbell K, McCready D, Auger L, Jones JM. Smartphone-Enabled Health Coaching Intervention (iMOVE) to Promote Long-Term Maintenance of Physical Activity in Breast Cancer Survivors: Protocol for a Feasibility Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2017; 6:e165. [PMID: 28838886 PMCID: PMC5590009 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.6615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although physical activity has been shown to contribute to long-term disease control and health in breast cancer survivors, a majority of breast cancer survivors do not meet physical activity guidelines. Past research has focused on promoting physical activity components for short-term breast cancer survivor benefits, but insufficient attention has been devoted to long-term outcomes and sustained exercise adherence. We are assessing a health coach intervention (iMOVE) that uses mobile technology to increase and sustain physical activity maintenance in initially inactive breast cancer survivors. Objective This pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an initial step in evaluating the iMOVE intervention and will inform development of a full-scale pragmatic RCT. Methods We will enroll 107 physically inactive breast cancer survivors and randomly assign them to intervention or control groups at the University Health Network, a tertiary cancer care center in Toronto, Canada. Participants will be women (age 18 to 74 years) stratified by age (55 years and older/younger than 55 years) and adjuvant hormone therapy (AHT) exposure (AHT vs no AHT) following breast cancer treatment with no metastases or recurrence who report less than 60 minutes of preplanned physical activity per week. Both intervention and control groups receive the 12-week physical activity program with weekly group sessions and an individualized, progressive, home-based exercise program. The intervention group will additionally receive (1) 10 telephone-based health coaching sessions, (2) smartphone with data plan, if needed, (3) supportive health tracking software (Connected Wellness, NexJ Health Inc), and (4) a wearable step-counting device linked to a smartphone program. Results We will be assessing recruitment rates; acceptability reflected in selective, semistructured interviews; and enrollment, retention, and adherence quantitative intervention markers as pilot outcome measures. The primary clinical outcome will be directly measured peak oxygen consumption. Secondary clinical outcomes include health-related quality of life and anthropometric measures. All outcome measures are administered at baseline, after exercise program (month 3), and 6 months after program (month 9). Conclusions This pilot RCT will inform full-scale RCT planning. We will assess pilot procedures and interventions and collect preliminary effect estimates. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02620735; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02620735 (Archived by WebCite at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02620735)
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ritvo
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maya Obadia
- Cancer Rehabilitation and Survivorship Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Santa Mina
- Cancer Rehabilitation and Survivorship Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shabbir Alibhai
- General Internal Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine Sabiston
- Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Oh
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Program, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kristin Campbell
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David McCready
- Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leslie Auger
- Kinesiology Program, University of Guelph-Humber, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Michelle Jones
- Cancer Rehabilitation and Survivorship Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Pascale M, Murray N, Bachmann M, Barton G, Clark A, Howe A, Greaves C, Sampson M. Study Protocol: The Norfolk Diabetes Prevention Study [NDPS]: a 46 month multi - centre, randomised, controlled parallel group trial of a lifestyle intervention [with or without additional support from lay lifestyle mentors with Type 2 diabetes] to prevent transition to Type 2 diabetes in high risk groups with non - diabetic hyperglycaemia, or impaired fasting glucose. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:31. [PMID: 28056894 PMCID: PMC5217324 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3929-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This 7 year NIHR programme [2011–2018] tests the primary hypothesis that the NDPS diet and physical activity intervention will reduce the risk of transition to type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in groups at high risk of Type 2 diabetes. The NDPS programme recognizes the need to reduce intervention costs through group delivery and the use of lay mentors with T2DM, the realities of normal primary care, and the complexity of the current glycaemic categorisation of T2DM risk. Methods NDPS identifies people at highest risk of T2DM on the databases of 135 general practices in the East of England for further screening with ab fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin [HbA1c]. Those with an elevated fasting plasma glucose [impaired fasting glucose or IFG] with or without an elevated HbA1c [non -diabetic hyperglycaemia; NDH] are randomised into three treatment arms: a control arm receiving no trial intervention, an arm receiving an intensive bespoke group-based diet and physical activity intervention, and an arm receiving the same intervention with enhanced support from people with T2DM trained as diabetes prevention mentors [DPM]. The primary end point is cumulative transition rates to T2DM between the two intervention groups, and between each intervention group and the control group at 46 months. Participants with screen detected T2DM are randomized into an equivalent prospective controlled trial with the same intervention and control arms with glycaemic control [HbA1c] at 46 months as the primary end point. Participants with NDH and a normal fasting plasma glucose are randomised into an equivalent prospective controlled intervention trial with follow up for 40 months. The intervention comprises six education sessions for the first 12 weeks and then up to 15 maintenance sessions until intervention end, all delivered in groups, with additional support from a DPM in one treatment arm. Discussion The NDPS programme reports in 2018 and will provide trial outcome data for a group delivered diabetes prevention intervention, supported by lay mentors with T2DM, with intervention in multiple at risk glycaemic categories, and that takes into account the realities of normal clinical practice. Trial registration ISRCTN34805606 (Retrospectively registered 16.3.16) Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3929-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Pascale
- Norfolk Diabetes Prevention Study, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, UK.,Directorate of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Nikki Murray
- Norfolk Diabetes Prevention Study, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, UK.,Directorate of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Max Bachmann
- Department of Population Health and Primary Care, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Garry Barton
- Health Economics Group, Norwich Medical School, University Of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Norwich Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Allan Clark
- Norwich Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Amanda Howe
- Department of Population Health and Primary Care, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Colin Greaves
- University of Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (APEx), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Mike Sampson
- Norfolk Diabetes Prevention Study, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, UK. .,Directorate of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK.
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Lyles AA, Loomis C, Mama SK, Siddiqi S, Lee RE. Longitudinal analysis of virtual community perceptions of cohesion: The role of cooperation, communication, and competition. J Health Psychol 2016; 23:1677-1688. [PMID: 27630255 DOI: 10.1177/1359105316667794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Online, virtual group interactions may help adherence to health promotion programs. The purpose of this study was to explore longitudinal relationships among dimensions of group cohesion and group-interaction variables to inform and improve group-based strategies within programs aimed at promoting physical activity in virtual communities. In all, 56 online virtual users completed a group dynamics-based physical activity promotion intervention and assessments of group cohesion and group interaction at baseline and 4 weeks. Friendly competition and cooperation were consistently strong predictors of cohesion. Facilitating a sense of friendly competition and cooperation may increase engagement in physical activity programs by bolstering group cohesion.
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Shapcott KM, Carron AV, Burke SM, Bradshaw MH, Estabrooks PA. Member Diversity and Cohesion and Performance in Walking Groups. SMALL GROUP RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1046496406294545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship of group member diversity in task-related attributes (i.e., self-efficacy, level of previous physical activity, and personal goals) and task-unrelated attributes (i.e., ethnicity and gender) to task cohesiveness and task performance in walking groups ( N varied from 1,324 to 1,392 groups for the analyses). For the task-related attributes, diversity in level of previous physical activity was significantly related to both task cohesion and group performance—as diversity increased, cohesion and performance decreased. For the task-unrelated attributes, diversity in gender was related to task cohesion—as diversity increased, cohesion decreased. Gender diversity was unrelated to group performance. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for the dynamics of task-oriented groups.
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Burke SM, Carron AV, Patterson MM, Estabrooks PA, Hill JL, Loughead TM, Rosenkranz SR, Spink KS. Cohesion as Shared Beliefs in Exercise Classes. SMALL GROUP RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1046496404267942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine if perceptions of cohesion in exercise classes demonstrated sufficiently high consensus and between-group variance to support a conclusion that exercise classes are groups. Participants (N = 1,700) in 130classes were tested on either the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) or the Physical Activity Group Environment Questionnaire (PAGEQ). Results showed that exercise classes satisfied the statistical criteria necessary to support a conclusion that they are true groups; that is, they exhibited acceptable levels of consensus about cohesion within classes and acceptable differences in cohesion between classes. In addition, index-of-agreement values were significantly greater for participants completing the PAGEQ than for participants completing the GEQ. Finally, consensus was greatest when participants evaluated how the exercise class satisfied their own personal task needs (i.e., individual attractions to the group-task), and second greatest when participants evaluated the collective unity around the task objectives (i.e., group integration-task).
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Loughead TM, Colman MM, Carron AV. Investigating the Mediational Relationship of Leadership, Class Cohesion, and Adherence in an Exercise Setting. SMALL GROUP RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/104649640103200503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if older adults’ perceptions of class cohesion serve as a mediator between exercise class leader behavior and adherence (operationally defined as attendance and perceived exertion) in exercise programs. Participants were enrolled in recreational exercise programs. Each participant completed a questionnaire that assessed cohesion (individual attractions to the group-task [ATG-T] and -social, group integration-task [GI-T] and group integration-social), class leader behaviors (enthusiasm, availability, motivation, and instruction), and perceived exertion. Attendance was obtained from records maintained by the instructors. Four specific mediation relationships were found: (a) ATG-T mediated the relationship between class leader motivation and perceived exertion, (b) ATG-T mediated the relationship between class leader availability and perceived exertion, (c) ATG-T mediated the relationship between class leader enthusiasm and attendance, (d) GI-T mediated relations between class leader enthusiasm and attendance. A number of aspects related to specific results were discussed.
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Daniels S, Wilke N, Ertl K, Fletcher K, Whittle J. Group Cohesion in a Formal Exercise Program Composed of Predominantly Older Men. J Gerontol Nurs 2016; 42:18-23. [PMID: 27064608 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20160406-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Individuals reporting high group cohesion are less likely to discontinue participation in group exercise programs. A validated measure of group cohesion, the Physical Activity Group Environment Questionnaire (PAGEQ), is untested in older men. The PAGEQ was administered to, and questions about demographics and frequency and duration of participation were asked of, the Walk A Mile or More (WAMM) exercise group, which was composed of U.S. military Veterans. Forty participants (mean age = 62 years, 77.5% male) completed surveys. Cronbach's alpha for the overall PAGEQ was 0.976. Although no significant relationship was found between group cohesion scores and frequency of attending WAMM sessions, there was a trend for individuals who had participated for a longer time to report more group cohesiveness, particularly regarding the task (i.e., exercise) itself. The PAGEQ was easily administered and internally consistent in this group of older men, and provides a useful benchmark for future gerontological researchers. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 42(8), 18-23.].
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Herens M, Wagemakers A, Vaandrager L, Koelen M. Exploring participant appreciation of group-based principles for action in community-based physical activity programs for socially vulnerable groups in the Netherlands. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1173. [PMID: 26607789 PMCID: PMC4659218 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical inactivity is a core risk factor for non-communicable diseases. In the Netherlands, socially vulnerable groups are relatively less active than groups with higher socio-economic status. Community-based health-enhancing physical activity (CBHEPA) programs aim to empower socially vulnerable groups by improving participants’ health and wellbeing through physical activity. CBHEPA programs often revolve around group-based principles for action, such as active participation, enjoyment, and fostering group processes. As such principles are rarely made explicit, our study aims to identify which of the group-based principles for action are considered important by participants. Methods Respondents (n = 76) from ten focus groups scored their individual appreciation of group-based principles for action – active participation, enjoyment, and fostering group processes – on a three-point, statement-based scale. Opinions were further discussed in the focus group. Focus group discussions were transcribed and analysed by a team of investigators. The coding procedures, identifying elements appreciated in group-based principles for action, were thematic and data driven. Results Statements about participatory programming generated much less consensus in appreciation among respondents than statements about enjoyment and fostering group processes. To some extent, group members participated in the development of program content. Participation in group formation or community initiatives was less frequently perceived as something within group members’ control. Enjoyment, expressed as physical and emotional experiences, was found to be an individual driver of group exercise. Fostering group processes, expressed as social support, was found to contribute to enjoyment and learning achievements. Responsive leadership, ensuring responsive guidance, by an enthusiastic exercise trainer acting as a role model, were identified as additional necessary principles for action. Conclusions Group-based principles for action in CBHEPA programs are not clearly demarcated. Fostering group processes is an overarching principle, conditional for the spin-off in terms of enjoyment and active participation. This, in turn, leads to a sense of ownership among participants, who take up responsibility for the exercise group as well as their individual activity behaviour. CBHEPA programs thrive on participants having fun together and exercise trainers’ leadership skills. A professional, competent, responsive exercise trainer plays a key role in the organisation and maintenance of CBHEPA programs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2515-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Herens
- Health and Society, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, PO Box 8130, 6700 EW, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Annemarie Wagemakers
- Health and Society, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, PO Box 8130, 6700 EW, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Lenneke Vaandrager
- Health and Society, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, PO Box 8130, 6700 EW, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Maria Koelen
- Health and Society, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, PO Box 8130, 6700 EW, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Maher JP, Gottschall JS, Conroy DE. Perceptions of the activity, the social climate, and the self during group exercise classes regulate intrinsic satisfaction. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1236. [PMID: 26347696 PMCID: PMC4541048 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Engaging in regular physical activity is a challenging task for many adults. Intrinsic satisfaction with exercise classes is thought to promote adherence to physical activity. This study examined the characteristics of exercise classes that impact within-person changes in intrinsic satisfaction over the course of an extended group exercise program. A 30-week physical activity trial was conducted with assessments at the end of each class. Community-living adults (n = 29) were instructed to complete at least six group exercise classes each week and, following each exercise class, complete a questionnaire asking about the characteristics of the class and the participant's evaluation of the class. Intrinsic satisfaction was high, on average, but varied as much within-person from class-to-class as it did between exercisers. Participants reported the greatest intrinsic satisfaction when classes placed greater emphasis on exercisers' involvement with the group task, feelings of competence, and encouragement from the instructor. For the most part, exercise classes that were more intense than usual were perceived by exercisers as less intrinsically satisfying. Some overall characteristics of the exercise classes were also associated with intrinsic satisfaction. The social and motivational characteristics of group exercise classes contribute to exercisers' intrinsic satisfaction with classes and attention to those dynamics, as well as the intensity of the exercise, may improve adherence for exercise regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn P Maher
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park PA, USA ; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Jinger S Gottschall
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park PA, USA
| | - David E Conroy
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park PA, USA ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, USA
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Izumi BT, Schulz AJ, Mentz G, Israel BA, Sand SL, Reyes AG, Hoston B, Richardson D, Gamboa C, Rowe Z, Diaz G. Leader Behaviors, Group Cohesion, and Participation in a Walking Group Program. Am J Prev Med 2015; 49:41-9. [PMID: 26094226 PMCID: PMC4476063 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Less than half of all U.S. adults meet the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines. Leader behaviors and group cohesion have been associated with increased participation or adherence in sports team and exercise class settings. Physical activity interventions in community settings that encompass these factors may enhance intervention adherence. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Community Health Promoter leader behaviors and group cohesion on participation in a walking group intervention among racially/ethnically diverse adults in low to moderate-income communities in Detroit, Michigan. DESIGN Data for the current study were drawn from the Walk Your Heart to Health (WYHH) data set. WYHH was a multisite cluster RCT with a lagged intervention and outcome measurements at baseline and 4, 8, and 32 weeks. Pooled survey data from both intervention arms were used for the current study. Data were analyzed between August 2013 and October 2014. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS A total of 603 non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, and Hispanic adults across five cohorts that began the 32-week WYHH intervention between March 2009 and October 2011. INTERVENTION The intervention was a 32-week walking group program hosted by community- and faith-based organizations and facilitated by Community Health Promoters. Walking groups met three times per week for 90 minutes per session. To promote participation in or adherence to WYHH, Community Health Promoters used evidence-based strategies to facilitate group cohesion. Group members assumed increasing leadership responsibility for facilitating sessions over time. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participation in WYHH as measured by consistency of attendance. RESULTS Community Health Promoter leader behaviors were positively associated with participation in WYHH. Social but not task cohesion was significantly associated with consistent participation. Social cohesion may mediate the relationship between leader behaviors and walking group participation. CONCLUSIONS Providing leaders with training to build socially cohesive groups may help motivate individuals to continue participation in community-based physical activity programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty T Izumi
- School of Community Health, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon.
| | - Amy J Schulz
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Graciela Mentz
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | | | - Sharon L Sand
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Angela G Reyes
- Detroit Hispanic Development Corporation, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Dawn Richardson
- School of Community Health, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Cindy Gamboa
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | | | - Goya Diaz
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Beauchamp MR, Harden SM, Wolf SA, Rhodes RE, Liu Y, Dunlop WL, Schmader T, Sheel AW, Zumbo BD, Estabrooks PA. GrOup based physical Activity for oLder adults (GOAL) randomized controlled trial: study protocol. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:592. [PMID: 26116237 PMCID: PMC4483226 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1909-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity has health benefits across the lifespan, yet only 13 % of Canadian older adults are sufficiently active. Results from a number of observational studies indicate that adults display positive preferences for exercising with others of a similar age and same gender, and that intra-group age- and gender-similarity are associated with elevated exercise adherence. However, research has yet to experimentally examine the extent to which intra-group age- and gender-related similarity affect exercise adherence behaviors. METHODS/DESIGN The GrOup-based physical Activity for oLder adults (GOAL) trial is a three-arm randomized control trial that will examine the efficacy of two different group-based exercise programs for older adults (informed by the tenets of self-categorization theory) in relation to a standard group-based exercise program. Within this manuscript we outline the design and proposed evaluation of the GOAL trial. The first arm is comprised of exercise groups made up of participants of a similar-age and of the same gender; the second arm consists of groups with similar-aged mixed gender participants; the control arm is comprised of mixed-aged mixed gender participants. We aim to compare the adherence rates of participants across conditions, as well as potential moderation effects and mediating mechanisms. DISCUSSION Results from this trial will inform intervention designs to improve the exercise adherence behaviors of older adult. At a systems-level, should support be derived for the efficacy of the interventions tested in this trial, changing group composition (i.e., age, gender) represents a feasible program adaptation for physical activity centers. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov # NCT02023632 . Registered December 13, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Samantha M Harden
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
- Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Svenja A Wolf
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Health and Physical Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - William L Dunlop
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Toni Schmader
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Andrew W Sheel
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Bruno D Zumbo
- Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Paul A Estabrooks
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
- Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
- Department of Family Medicine, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA, USA.
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Gu X, Zhang T, Smith K. PSYCHOSOCIAL PREDICTORS OF FEMALE COLLEGE STUDENTS' MOTIVATIONAL RESPONSES: A PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS. Percept Mot Skills 2015; 120:700-13. [PMID: 26057418 DOI: 10.2466/06.pms.120v19x0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
According to social cognitive theory, group cohesion and self-efficacy have been identified as important environmental and individual elements in students' physical activity. This study examined the correlations among group cohesion, exercise self-efficacy, perceived interest, and physical activity among 143 female college students (M age = 21.2 yr., SD = 4.2) enrolled in aerobics dance classes. Participants were recruited by researchers at the beginning of the semester. In the 6th wk., students completed a questionnaire measuring group cohesion construct. At the end of the 13th wk., a survey on self-efficacy, perceived interest, and physical activity measures was completed by the students. Multiple regression analyses indicated both exercise self-efficacy and task cohesion explained significant variance in students' physical activity; also, Individual Attraction to the Group-Task (ATG-T) accounted for 9.6% of the variance in exercise self-efficacy. The results suggest that enhancing group cohesiveness may promote competence beliefs, which could motivate students' participation in group activity programs.
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Gillison F, Stathi A, Reddy P, Perry R, Taylor G, Bennett P, Dunbar J, Greaves C. Processes of behavior change and weight loss in a theory-based weight loss intervention program: a test of the process model for lifestyle behavior change. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2015; 12:2. [PMID: 25592314 PMCID: PMC4304200 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-014-0160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Process evaluation is important for improving theories of behavior change and behavioral intervention methods. The present study reports on the process outcomes of a pilot test of the theoretical model (the Process Model for Lifestyle Behavior Change; PMLBC) underpinning an evidence-informed, theory-driven, group-based intervention designed to promote healthy eating and physical activity for people with high cardiovascular risk. METHODS 108 people at high risk of diabetes or heart disease were randomized to a group-based weight management intervention targeting diet and physical activity plus usual care, or to usual care. The intervention comprised nine group based sessions designed to promote motivation, social support, self-regulation and understanding of the behavior change process. Weight loss, diet, physical activity and theoretically defined mediators of change were measured pre-intervention, and after four and 12 months. RESULTS The intervention resulted in significant improvements in fiber intake (M between-group difference = 5.7 g/day, p < .001) but not fat consumption (-2.3 g/day, p = 0.13), that were predictive of weight loss at both four months (M between-group difference = -1.98 kg, p < .01; R(2) = 0.2, p < 0.005), and 12 months (M difference = -1.85 kg, p = 0.1; R(2) = 0.1, p < 0.01). The intervention was successful in improving the majority of specified mediators of behavior change, and the predicted mechanisms of change specified in the PMBLC were largely supported. Improvements in self-efficacy and understanding of the behavior change process were associated with engagement in coping planning and self-monitoring activities, and successful dietary change at four and 12 months. While participants reported improvements in motivational and social support variables, there was no effect of these, or of the intervention overall, on physical activity. CONCLUSIONS The data broadly support the theoretical model for supporting some dietary changes, but not for physical activity. Systematic intervention design allowed us to identify where improvements to the intervention may be implemented to promote change in all proposed mediators. More work is needed to explore effective mechanisms within interventions to promote physical activity behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Gillison
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Afroditi Stathi
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Prasuna Reddy
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Rachel Perry
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK.
| | - Gordon Taylor
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Paul Bennett
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - James Dunbar
- Greater Green Triangle University Department of Rural Health, Flinders and Deakin Universities, PO Box 423, Warrnambool, Victoria, 3280, Australia.
| | - Colin Greaves
- University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, Magdalen Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
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Harden SM, Estabrooks PA, Mama SK, Lee RE. Longitudinal analysis of minority women's perceptions of cohesion: the role of cooperation, communication, and competition. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014; 11:57. [PMID: 24779959 PMCID: PMC4108125 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-11-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interaction in the form of cooperation, communication, and friendly competition theoretically precede the development of group cohesion, which often precedes adherence to health promotion programs. The purpose of this manuscript was to explore longitudinal relationships among dimensions of group cohesion and group-interaction variables to inform and improve group-based strategies within programs aimed at promoting physical activity. Methods Ethnic minority women completed a group dynamics-based physical activity promotion intervention (N = 103; 73% African American; 27% Hispanic/Latina; mage = 47.89 + 8.17 years; mBMI = 34.43+ 8.07 kg/m2) and assessments of group cohesion and group-interaction variables at baseline, 6 months (post-program), and 12 months (follow-up). Results All four dimensions of group cohesion had significant (ps < 0.01) relationships with the group-interaction variables. Competition was a consistently strong predictor of cohesion, while cooperation did not demonstrate consistent patterns of prediction. Conclusions Facilitating a sense of friendly competition may increase engagement in physical activity programs by bolstering group cohesion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul A Estabrooks
- Virginia Tech, Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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Hawley-Hague H, Horne M, Campbell M, Demack S, Skelton DA, Todd C. Multiple levels of influence on older adults' attendance and adherence to community exercise classes. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2013; 54:599-610. [PMID: 23899623 PMCID: PMC4102320 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnt075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To examine the influence of individual participant, instructor, and group factors on participants’ attendance and adherence to community exercise classes for older adults. Design and Methods: Longitudinal data from 16 instructors, 26 classes, and 193 older participants within those classes (aged 60–100 years) were examined. Data were collected using questionnaires on individual participants’ demographics, attitudes, health perceptions and conditions, and group cohesion. Instructors’ demographics, training, background, experience, attitudes, and personality were collected. Group factors included class type, cost, transport, and whether the class was held in an area of deprivation. Outcomes (attendance/adherence) were collected through attendance records. Results: Multilevel modelling (MLwiN) revealed both instructor and individual participant variables were important in understanding attendance and adherence. Individuals’ housing, education, mental well-being, group cohesion, and attitudes were important predictors of attendance at 3 and 6 months. Instructors’ age, gender, experience, and motivational training were important at 3 months, whereas instructor personality was important at both 3 and 6 months. Having attended longer than 6 months at baseline, participants’ attitudes, weeks offered, instructors’ personality, and experience were associated with adherence at 6 months. Implications: Results suggest that instructors’ characteristics alongside individual participant factors play a role in influencing participants’ attendance to exercise classes. These factors should be considered when setting up new programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Hawley-Hague
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Maria Horne
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Malcolm Campbell
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Sean Demack
- Faculty of Development and Society, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Chris Todd
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, UK
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Improving participation rates for women of color in health research: the role of group cohesion. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2012; 13:27-35. [PMID: 21826476 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-011-0241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Adherence to physical activity and dietary interventions is a common challenge. Interventions that use group cohesion strategies show promise for increasing adherence, but have not been tested among women of color. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dimensions of group cohesion mediate the association between intervention condition and attendance within a community physical activity program for women of color. African American and Hispanic or Latina women (N = 310) completed measurements at baseline and post-intervention and participated in a social cohesion intervention to improve physical activity and dietary habits. Women were assigned to a physical activity or fruit and vegetable intervention group. Social and task cohesion was measured using the Physical Activity Group Environment Questionnaire (PAGE-Q). Attendance was recorded at each of six intervention sessions. Women were generally middle-age (M age = 46.4 years, SD = 9.1) and obese (M BMI = 34.4 kg/m2, SD = 7.7). The estimate of the mediated effect was significant for all group cohesion constructs, indicating both task constructs-attraction to the group's task (SE = 0.096, CI: -0.599 to -0.221) and group integration around the task (SE = 0.060, CI: -0.092 to -0.328)-and social constructs-attraction to the group's social aspects (SE = 0.046, CI: -0.546 to -0.366) and group integration around social aspects (SE = 0.046, CI: -0.546 to -0.366)-significantly mediated the association between group assignment and attendance. Both task and social constructs are important to improve attendance in health promotion interventions for women of color.
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Estabrooks PA, Harden SM, Burke SM. Group Dynamics in Physical Activity Promotion: What works? SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Caperchione C, Mummery WK, Duncan M. Investigating the relationship between leader behaviours and group cohesion within women's walking groups. J Sci Med Sport 2011; 14:325-30. [PMID: 21489871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Early research has shown that leadership behaviour is viewed as a crucial factor in successfully developing team cohesion, effectively resulting in greater team satisfaction and more positive team outcomes. However, little is understood if these same factors have an impact on physical activity groups. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between leader behaviours and group cohesiveness within women's physical activity groups. DESIGN Participants (N = 95) included a sub-sample of adult women who were previously involved in a women's physical activity/walking program. METHODS Participants assessed their groups' leader behaviour using items pertaining to enthusiasm, motivation, instruction and availability, and their groups' cohesiveness using the Physical Activity Group Environment Questionnaire (PAGEQ). Canonical correlation analysis was used to determine the strength of association between the four concepts of group cohesion (ATG-T, ATG-S, GI-T and GI-S) and the four items pertaining to leadership behaviour. RESULTS A significant multivariate relationship was revealed between group cohesion and leadership behaviour, Wilks' lambda = 0.43, F(16,170) = 5.16, p < 0.001. The canonical correlation for this function was R(C) = 0.74, indicating a strong relationship. Simply stated, group leaders who were perceived as being highly enthusiastic, have the ability to motivate, are able to provide personal instruction and who are available outside of the group's regular activities were associated with higher levels of group cohesion. CONCLUSIONS Although a cause-effect relationship cannot be determined, the current study can serve as a valuable template in guiding future research in examining potential mechanisms that may assist with physical activity sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Caperchione
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia, Canada.
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Beauchamp MR, Barling J, Zhen Li, Morton KL, Keith SE, Zumbo BD. Development and Psychometric Properties of the Transformational Teaching Questionnaire. J Health Psychol 2010; 15:1123-34. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105310364175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We draw from transformational leadership theory (Bass & Riggio, 2006) to develop a reliable and valid measure of transformational teaching, for use within school-based physical education contexts. In Phase 1, we utilized established instrument development procedures, involving teachers, students, and experts in transformational leadership theory to ensure that items exhibited sound content validity, and were developmentally appropriate. In Phase 2, multilevel confirmatory factor analytic procedures with 2761 adolescents supported the factorial validity of the Transformational Teaching Questionnaire. In Phase 3, concurrent validity of the TTQ was supported by positive relationships between transformational teaching and adolescent self-determined motivation and positive affect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhen Li
- The University of British Columbia, Canada
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