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Baggio M, Chong A, Suryanarayana R. High times and troubled relationships: Recreational marijuana laws and intimate partner violence. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2024; 54:101399. [PMID: 38733865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the relationship between Recreational Marijuana Laws (RMLs) and intimate partner violence (IPV). While marijuana is often considered harmless, the existing medical literature reveals both positive and negative impacts of its active ingredient on brain function. Utilizing a difference-in-difference methodology spanning 2006-2016 across 39 states, we find that RMLs produce a 20 percent increase in IPV incidents per 100,000 individuals, which appears to be mediated through mental health issues and binge drinking. These findings highlight the likely need for preventive and proactive policies to address the complex interplay of marijuana, RMLs, and IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Baggio
- Department of Economics, University of Connecticut, USA.
| | - Alberto Chong
- Department of Economics, Georgia State University, USA; Department of Economics, Universidad del Pacífico, Peru
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Stappenbeck CA, Hammett JF, Grom JL, Halmos MB, Lee CM, Parrott DJ. The effects of alcohol and marijuana co-use patterns on intimate partner aggression perpetration. Addict Behav 2023; 143:107691. [PMID: 36996723 PMCID: PMC11057905 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol and marijuana are two of the most widely used substances in the U.S, with rates of alcohol and marijuana co-use increasing in recent years. Despite this increase, little is known about the effects of alcohol and marijuana co-use patterns (e.g., simultaneous, concurrent) on intimate partner aggression (IPA) perpetration. The purpose of the current study was to examine differences in IPA among simultaneous and concurrent alcohol and marijuana use groups and an alcohol-only group. Participants were 496 individuals (57% identifying as a woman) recruited nationally in April 2020 via Qualtrics Research Services who reported being in a current relationship and recently consuming alcohol. Individuals completed an online survey that included demographics, measures of COVID-19 stress, alcohol and marijuana use, and physical and psychological IPA perpetration. Based on survey responses, individuals were categorized as belonging to the alcohol use only group (n = 300), the concurrent alcohol and marijuana use group (n = 129), or the regular simultaneous alcohol and marijuana use group (n = 67). Due to inclusion criteria, there was no marijuana use only group. Individuals with regular simultaneous or concurrent alcohol and marijuana co-use reported more frequent physical and psychological IPA perpetration compared to those who only used alcohol. Neither physical nor psychological IPA perpetration frequency differed between individuals who reported regular simultaneous versus concurrent alcohol and marijuana co-use. Results suggest that alcohol and marijuana co-use in general, and not the specific pattern of use, is associated with an increased likelihood of IPA perpetration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia F Hammett
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Jessica L Grom
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Miklós B Halmos
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Christine M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Espinoza D, Cancio R. Interracial Comparisons of Intimate Partner Violence Among Military Perpetrators. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP17911-NP17933. [PMID: 34284666 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211031251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Interracial violence is a high-profile issue in the United States; however, there is little empirical research on interracial intimate partner violence (IPV). Interracial relationships are becoming more common. However, interracial couples continue to face stressors (e.g., discrimination) that likely impact the relationship (e.g., IPV) than their monoracial counterparts. Research indicates that military populations more likely oppose interracial marriages than nonmilitary counterparts. Yet, no study to date has investigated IPV within military monoracial and interracial couples. To understand the intersecting effects of race/ethnicity among military couples, this study investigates male perpetrated IPV in interracial and monoracial relationships. Using structural equation modeling, this study sample contains information about 449 male veterans from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (1994-2008): Waves I and IV. Findings indicate that (a) White and Black veterans are more violent in monoracial relationships, meanwhile, Latino veterans have a higher IPV prevalence in interracial relationships; (b) Black and White veterans were more likely to use alcohol and other drugs (AOD) after IPV perpetration in interracial relationships, in contrast to Latino veterans' post IPV perpetrations AOD use in monoracial relationships; (c) veteran mental health status was affected after perpetration of IPV, similar to the effects experienced after combat. In an attempt to address the lack of research on the characteristics associated with interracial violence this study addresses the following questions: (a) Are veterans in interracial families more likely to commit IPV and use of alcohol and other drugs (AOD) than in monoracial families? (b) Among the military samples, is AOD a facilitator for IPV?
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Relationship perceptions and conflict behavior among cannabis users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 237:109502. [PMID: 35680504 PMCID: PMC9816374 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis use is increasingly common, yet few studies have examined its associations with couple functioning. To address this gap, we used actor-partner interdependence modeling to examine the associations between cannabis use, relationship perceptions, and observed conflict behavior in a community-based sample of cannabis users and their partners. METHODS Cannabis users (N = 232; 96 males; 122 females; 14 undisclosed biological sex) and their partners completed self-reports of cannabis frequency and global relationship satisfaction and commitment. At a laboratory visit, couples engaged in a 10 min conflict discussion and a 5 min discussion of areas of agreement, and reported on their post-conflict perceptions. Each partner's parasympathetic activity was assessed during the conflict task, and trained raters coded conflict and recovery behavior RESULTS: More frequent actor cannabis use was associated with more negative engagement and avoidance behavior during conflict, less parasympathetic withdrawal during conflict, and less effective behavioral recovery immediately after conflict. More frequent cannabis use was also associated with greater satisfaction with conflict resolution following the conflict discussion, but was not associated with perceived overall relationship satisfaction or commitment. Cannabis effects were independent of alcohol use CONCLUSIONS: Among cannabis users, there are discrepancies between perceived and objective measures of relationship functioning, such that cannabis users viewed their relationships as better functioning compared to independent raters' reports. These findings highlight the need for a nuanced understanding of the associations between cannabis and relationship functioning, which appear to be distinct from alcohol, as well as an organizing theoretical framework to stimulate future research.
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Smith MS, Jarnecke AM, South SC. Pathological personality, relationship satisfaction, and intimate partner aggression: Analyses using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, alternative model of personality disorder traits. Personal Disord 2020; 11:398-408. [PMID: 32297769 PMCID: PMC11196096 DOI: 10.1037/per0000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Personality disorders (PDs) have been linked to lower levels of marital satisfaction and the perpetration of intimate partner aggression (IPA). Much of this work has used self-reports of PD symptoms conceptualized via the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder's (DSM) categorical approach. The current study adds to the literature by examining how marital satisfaction and IPA are associated with a dimensional assessment of PDs, specifically by conceptualizing PDs using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Section III alternative model of personality disorder. By collecting data from both partners in a sample of newlywed couples, we also leverage PD trait agreement between (a) both partner's own self-reports (similarity), (b) self- and spouse report (accuracy), and (c) self and ratings of partner (perceptual similarity), to examine couple-level predictors of relationship well-being (i.e., satisfaction and psychological/physical IPA). Data were drawn from a sample of 101 newly married couples who participated in baseline and follow-up data collection over a period of 12 months. Actor-partner interdependence analyses revealed significant self-report actor and partner effects on marital satisfaction and psychological and physical IPA; for spouse report, actor effects were more consistent than partner reports. Agreement was moderate for both similarity and accuracy, but greater agreement was related to greater relationship satisfaction, particularly at later time points. Thus, although reports of elevated personality pathology are detrimental to marital functioning, spousal agreement may protect against these effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amber M Jarnecke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Susan C South
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University
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Schauer GL, Clayton HB, Njai R, Grant AM. Adolescent Marijuana Use and Related Risk Behaviors, National Findings From 2015 to 2017. Am J Prev Med 2020; 59:714-724. [PMID: 32981767 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As policies legalizing nonmedical marijuana have increased in states, understanding the implications of marijuana use among adolescents is increasingly important. This study uses nationally representative data to assess behavioral risk factors among students with different patterns of marijuana use. METHODS Data from the 2015 and 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, cross-sectional surveys conducted among a nationally representative sample of students in Grades 9-12 (n=30,389), were used to examine the association between self-reported current marijuana use status and self-report of 30 risk behaviors across 3 domains: substance use, injury/violence, and sexual health. Among current marijuana users, authors assessed differences between established (≥100 lifetime uses) and nonestablished (<100 uses) users. Multivariable models were used to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios. Data were analyzed in 2019. RESULTS Current marijuana users (regardless of use pattern) had a significantly greater likelihood of engaging in 27 of the 30 behaviors assessed across the 3 domains than the noncurrent users. Those with established use patterns (versus nonestablished) had a greater risk of lifetime use of most other substances (licit and illicit, including tobacco, alcohol, heroin, misuse of opioids), some injury/violence behaviors (including driving while using marijuana and suicide ideation and attempt), and sexual risk behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Both established and nonestablished patterns of adolescent marijuana use are associated with a number of other risky behaviors. In addition to interventions focused on preventing youth initiation of marijuana, clinicians and public health professionals should consider interventions to help adolescents who have nonestablished use patterns to avoid continued, established use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian L Schauer
- CDC Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Heather B Clayton
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rashid Njai
- Deputy Director for Non-Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Althea M Grant
- Deputy Director for Non-Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Cunradi CB, Dellor E, Alter HJ, Caetano R, Mair C. Problem Drinking and Marijuana Use as Risks for Unidirectional and Bidirectional Partner Violence. PARTNER ABUSE 2020; 11:57-75. [PMID: 35330966 DOI: 10.1891/1946-6560.11.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence that most who perpetrate intimate partner violence (IPV) also report victimization, little is known about bidirectional IPV among Emergency Department (ED) patients and its association with problem drinking and marijuana use. We conducted an observational, cross-sectional survey among low- and moderate-acuity patients at a Northern California safety-net ED. Physical IPV was measured with the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2). We recorded patient's frequency of intoxication and marijuana use. Spouse/partner's problem drinking and marijuana use were measured dichotomously. Odds Ratios [ORs] and 95% confidence intervals [CIs] were estimated using multinomial logistic regression models of unidirectional and bidirectional IPV. Among 1,037 patients (53% female), perpetration only, victimization only, and bidirectional IPV were reported by 3.8%, 6.2%, and 13.3% of the sample, respectively. Frequency of intoxication was associated with perpetration (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.92) and bidirectional IPV (OR=1.34; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.58). Days of marijuana use were associated with bidirectional IPV (OR=1.15; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.28). Patients whose partners were problem drinkers were at risk for victimization (OR=2.56; 95% CI=1.38, 4.76) and bidirectional IPV (OR=1.97; 95% CI 1.18, 3.27). Among patients who reported any past-year IPV, most experienced bidirectional aggression. ED staff should consider asking patients who are married, cohabiting, or in a dating relationship about their experience with past-year IPV and inquire about their substance use patterns and those of their romantic partner, to share information about potential linkages. Medical and recreational marijuana legalization trends underscore the importance of further research on IPV and marijuana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol B Cunradi
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Berkeley, CA
| | - Elinam Dellor
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Harrison J Alter
- Highland Hospital - Alameda Health System, Andrew Levitt Center for Social Emergency Medicine, Oakland, CA
| | - Raul Caetano
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Berkeley, CA
| | - Christina Mair
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA
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Testa M, Wang W, Derrick JL, Leonard KE. Marijuana Use Episodes and Partner Intimacy Experiences: A Daily Report Study. CANNABIS (RESEARCH SOCIETY ON MARIJUANA) 2019; 2:19-28. [PMID: 30923794 PMCID: PMC6433396 DOI: 10.26828/cannabis.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Although marijuana use has been linked to negative consequences for intimate relationships, an emerging literature suggests that under some circumstances it may have positive consequences. Couples who use substances together report better relationship functioning over time and may experience positive short-term outcomes. Using a sample of 183 heterosexual, frequent marijuana-using couples from the community, reporting over 30 consecutive days, we examined whether marijuana use episodes were associated temporally with reports of couple intimacy experiences within the next two hours. We used multilevel modeling, within an Actor Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) framework, modeling male and female outcomes simultaneously. Consistent with hypotheses, simultaneous marijuana use (male and female partners reported use at the same hour) increased the likelihood of an intimate experience for both men and women. However, we also found positive effects for Actor and Partner solo marijuana use on male and female reports of intimacy events. When analyses were limited to marijuana use episodes in which the respondent reported on presence of partner, we found that positive effects on intimate experiences were limited to marijuana use episodes in which partner was present; use without partner did not influence likelihood of intimacy. The robust positive effects of using marijuana with one's partner on intimacy events may serve to reinforce continued couple use and explain the positive effects of concordant substance use on relationship functioning over time.
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Thiessen MS, Walsh Z, Bird BM, Lafrance A. Psychedelic use and intimate partner violence: The role of emotion regulation. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 32:749-755. [PMID: 29807492 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118771782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that psychedelic use predicts reduced perpetration of intimate partner violence among men involved in the criminal justice system. However, the extent to which this association generalizes to community samples has not been examined, and potential mechanisms underlying this association have not been directly explored. AIMS The present study examined the association between lifetime psychedelic use and intimate partner violence among a community sample of men and women. The study also tested the extent to which the associations were mediated by improved emotion regulation. METHODS We surveyed 1266 community members aged 16-70 (mean age=22.78, standard deviation =7.71) using an online questionnaire that queried substance use, emotional regulation, and intimate partner violence. Respondents were coded as psychedelic users if they reported one or more instance of using lysergic acid diethylamide and/or psilocybin mushrooms in their lifetime. Results/outcomes: Males reporting any experience using lysergic acid diethylamide and/or psilocybin mushrooms had decreased odds of perpetrating physical violence against their current partner (odds ratio=0.42, p<0.05). Furthermore, our analyses revealed that male psychedelic users reported better emotion regulation when compared to males with no history of psychedelic use. Better emotion regulation mediated the relationship between psychedelic use and lower perpetration of intimate partner violence. This relationship did not extend to females within our sample. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These findings extend prior research showing a negative relationship between psychedelic use and intimate partner violence, and highlight the potential role of emotion regulation in this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Thiessen
- 1 Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Zach Walsh
- 1 Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Brian M Bird
- 2 Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Adele Lafrance
- 3 Department of Psychology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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Testa M, Wang W, Derrick JL, Leonard KE. Marijuana use by intimate partners: Does discrepant use impair relationship functioning? PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2018; 32:475-484. [PMID: 29708362 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Intimate couples with discrepant use of alcohol and other drugs experience poorer relationship functioning relative to couples with concordant use or nonuse. Within a sample of marijuana-using couples, we hypothesized that greater discrepancy in marijuana use frequency between partners would be associated with lower relationship satisfaction and perceived partner responsiveness and with greater conflict, negative interpersonal exchange, and psychological and physical aggression. The Actor Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) allowed us to account for the effects of each partner's marijuana use, as well as the discrepancy between partners' use, on his or her own perceptions of relationship functioning. Using multivariate, two-level models, we considered both between-couple and within-couple effects of partner marijuana discrepancy using 4 waves of data collected over 10 months. The sample consisted of heterosexual community couples (ages 18-30) in which at least one partner reported using marijuana two or more times per week. For several outcome measures, we observed negative within-couple discrepancy effects on reports of relationship functioning: at time points when absolute discrepancy in marijuana use was greater than typical for the couple, relationship functioning was poorer. The pattern was the same regardless of whether it was the male or female partner who used more frequently. There were also some negative between-couple effects associated with more frequent female use. Findings replicate and extend prior research on partner discrepancy by demonstrating the dynamic nature of these effects over time. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Testa
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo
| | - Weijun Wang
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo
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Lucas P. Rationale for cannabis-based interventions in the opioid overdose crisis. Harm Reduct J 2017; 14:58. [PMID: 28821296 PMCID: PMC5563007 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-017-0183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background North America is currently in the grips of a crisis rooted in the use of licit and illicit opioid-based analgesics. Drug overdose is the leading cause of accidental death in Canada and the US, and the growing toll of opioid-related morbidity and mortality requires a diversity of novel therapeutic and harm reduction-based interventions. Research suggests that increasing adult access to both medical and recreational cannabis has significant positive impacts on public health and safety as a result of substitution effect. Observational and epidemiological studies have found that medical cannabis programs are associated with a reduction in the use of opioids and associated morbidity and mortality. Aims and Methods This paper presents an evidence-based rationale for cannabis-based interventions in the opioid overdose crisis informed by research on substitution effect, proposing three important windows of opportunity for cannabis for therapeutic purposes (CTP) to play a role in reducing opioid use and interrupting the cycle towards opioid use disorder: 1) prior to opioid introduction in the treatment of chronic pain; 2) as an opioid reduction strategy for those patients already using opioids; and 3) as an adjunct therapy to methadone or suboxone treatment in order to increase treatment success rates. The commentary explores potential obstacles and limitations to these proposed interventions, and as well as strategies to monitor their impact on public health and safety. Conclusion The growing body of research supporting the medical use of cannabis as an adjunct or substitute for opioids creates an evidence-based rationale for governments, health care providers, and academic researchers to consider the implementation and assessment of cannabis-based interventions in the opioid crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lucas
- Graduate Researcher, Centre for Addictions Research of British Columbia, 2300 McKenzie Ave, Victoria, BC, V8N 5M8, Canada. .,Social Dimensions of Health, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada. .,VP, Patient Research & Access, Tilray, 1100 Maughan Rd, Nanaimo, BC, V9X1J2, Canada.
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Rodriguez LM, Derrick J. Breakthroughs in understanding addiction and close relationships. Curr Opin Psychol 2017; 13:115-119. [PMID: 28813280 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Substance use is one aspect of life that can serve to bring couples together or tear them apart. Evidence has accumulated for both substance use affecting relationship distress (e.g., partners of substance users report poorer individual and relational outcomes) as well as relationship conflict affecting subsequent substance use (e.g., individuals use substances as a way to cope with interpersonal conflict and distress). We discuss several determinants of each association, including individual difference and relationship-specific constructs. We conclude by considering how conceptualizing addiction as an interdependent-rather than independent-process is critical for future theory refinement and intervention development.
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Walsh Z, Gonzalez R, Crosby K, S. Thiessen M, Carroll C, Bonn-Miller MO. Medical cannabis and mental health: A guided systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2017; 51:15-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Shorey RC, Haynes E, Strauss C, Temple JR, Stuart GL. Cannabis use and dating violence among college students: A call for research. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017; 36:17-19. [PMID: 28109121 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dating violence is a serious and prevalent problem on college campuses. Although there is a robust literature documenting that alcohol use is consistently associated with increased risk for perpetrating dating violence, little research has examined the role of cannabis in dating violence perpetration. With increasing legalisation of cannabis throughout the world, it is imperative to understand what role, if any, cannabis may play in the important public health problem of dating violence. In this commentary, we discuss the current state of the research on cannabis and dating violence and suggest avenues for additional research in this area. It is critical that we conduct methodologically sound research on the association between cannabis and dating violence so that we can understand what role, if any, cannabis exerts on this important problem. [Shorey RC, Haynes E, Strauss C, Temple JR, Stuart GL. Cannabis use and dating violence among college students: A call for research. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:17-19].
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Crane CA, Testa M, Schlauch RC, Leonard KE. The couple that smokes together: Dyadic marijuana use and relationship functioning during conflict. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2016; 30:686-93. [PMID: 27454369 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Self-reported marijuana use has been associated with poor relationship functioning and decreased stability over time. The present study examined the behavioral interactions of couples with concordant and discordant patterns of marijuana use during conflict, using individual self-reports and observation by independent coders. Heavy drinking community couples (N = 149) participated in a conflict resolution paradigm. Interactions were recorded and coded by naïve coders. Approximately 30% of the sample reported past year marijuana use. Actor-Partner Interdependence Models and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to evaluate the individual and interactive effects of dyadic marijuana use on maladaptive relationship functioning. A Robust Actor × Partner Marijuana Use interaction was detected for a range of behavioral outcomes, assessed by both self-report and direct observation, including relationship satisfaction, anger experience, patterns of demand and withdrawal during conflict, constructive behaviors, and overall relationship quality. Specifically, couples in which both partners used or abstained from marijuana displayed more adaptive relationship functioning across indicators relative to couples in which only 1 partner identified as a marijuana user. This pattern was particularly strong for couples in which the female partner used marijuana and the male partner did not. Couples with discordant, rather than concordant, marijuana use displayed distinct conflict resolution behaviors that were consistent with the long-term negative relationship outcomes that have been observed in previous studies. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Testa
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo
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Walsh Z, Hendricks PS, Smith S, Kosson DS, Thiessen MS, Lucas P, Swogger MT. Hallucinogen use and intimate partner violence: Prospective evidence consistent with protective effects among men with histories of problematic substance use. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:601-7. [PMID: 27097733 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116642538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that hallucinogens may have therapeutic potential for addressing a variety of problem behaviors related to the externalizing spectrum of psychopathology, such as substance misuse and criminality. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a prevalent form of criminal violence that is related to externalizing pathology. However, the association between hallucinogen use and IPV has not been comprehensively examined. In this prospective study, we examined the association between IPV and naturalistic hallucinogen use among 302 inmates at a US county jail. Cox regression analyses indicated that hallucinogen use predicted reduced arrest for IPV independently (β=-0.54, SE=0.20, χ(2)=7.19, exp(B)=0.58, p<0.01) and after accounting for covariates (β=-0.48, SE=0.23, χ(2)=4.44, exp(B)=0.62, p<0.05). These results add to a growing literature suggesting distinct therapeutic potential for hallucinogens to assist in the attenuation of problematic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Walsh
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Peter S Hendricks
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephanie Smith
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David S Kosson
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michelle S Thiessen
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Philippe Lucas
- Centre for Addictions Research of BC, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Marc T Swogger
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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White HR, Bechtold J, Loeber R, Pardini D. Divergent marijuana trajectories among men: Socioeconomic, relationship, and life satisfaction outcomes in the mid-30s. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 156:62-69. [PMID: 26365837 PMCID: PMC4936395 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given recent changes in marijuana policy in the United States, it is important to understand the long-term effects of marijuana use on adult functioning. We examined whether men who displayed different trajectories of marijuana use from adolescence through emerging adulthood (age ∼15-26) differed in terms of socioeconomic, social, and life satisfaction outcomes in their mid-30s. METHODS Data came from a longitudinal sample of men who were recruited in early adolescence (N=506) and followed into adulthood. Four trajectory groups based on patterns of marijuana use from adolescence into emerging adulthood were compared on adult outcomes (age ∼36) before and after controlling for co-occurring use of other substances and several pre-existing confounding factors in early adolescence. The potential moderating effect of race was also examined. RESULTS Although there were initially group differences across all domains, once pre-existing confounds and co-occurring other substance use were included in the model, groups only differed in terms of partner and friend marijuana use. Chronic marijuana users reported the highest proportions of both. Frequent and persistent marijuana use was associated with lower socioeconomic status (SES) for Black men only. CONCLUSIONS After statistically accounting for confounding variables, chronic marijuana users were not at a heightened risk for maladjustment in adulthood except for lower SES among Black men. Chronic users were more likely to have friends and partners who also used marijuana. Future studies should take into account pre-existing differences when examining outcomes of marijuana use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene R. White
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey, 607 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8001, USA, Corresponding author. (H.R. White)
| | - Jordan Bechtold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Sterling Plaza, Suite 408, 201 North Craig Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Rolf Loeber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Sterling Plaza, Suite 408, 201 North Craig Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Dustin Pardini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Sterling Plaza, Suite 408, 201 North Craig Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Testa M, Brown WC. Does Marijuana Use Contribute to Intimate Partner Aggression? A Brief Review and Directions for Future Research. Curr Opin Psychol 2015; 5:6-12. [PMID: 25839050 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Marijuana users are more likely to perpetrate intimate partner aggression (IPA) than non-users, yet the mechanism responsible for this association is unknown. Recent studies considering the association between episodes of marijuana use and episodes of IPA have failed to find evidence consistent with an acute effect of marijuana. Research gaps are highlighted and a heuristic model of marijuana's potential effects on IPA is presented. Research priorities include consideration of mediating mechanisms, moderating variables at the individual and couple level, and examination of acute effects of marijuana using daily report and EMA designs.
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Reyes HLM, Foshee VA, Tharp AT, Ennett ST, Bauer DJ. Substance Use and Physical Dating Violence: The Role of Contextual Moderators. Am J Prev Med 2015; 49:467-75. [PMID: 26296445 PMCID: PMC4548287 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Theoretic models suggest that associations between substance use and dating violence perpetration may vary in different social contexts, but few studies have examined this proposition. The current study examined whether social control and violence in the neighborhood, peer, and family contexts moderate the associations between substance use (heavy alcohol use, marijuana, and hard drug use) and adolescent physical dating violence perpetration. METHODS Adolescents in the eighth, ninth, and tenth grades completed questionnaires in 2004 and again four more times until 2007 when they were in the tenth, 11th, and 12th grades. Multilevel analysis was used to examine interactions between each substance and measures of neighborhood, peer, and family social control and violence as within-person (time-varying) predictors of physical dating violence perpetration across eighth through 12th grade (N=2,455). Analyses were conducted in 2014. RESULTS Physical dating violence perpetration increased at time points when heavy alcohol and hard drug use were elevated; these associations were weaker when neighborhood social control was higher and stronger when family violence was higher. Also, the association between heavy alcohol use and physical dating violence perpetration was weaker when teens had more-prosocial peer networks and stronger when teens' peers reported more physical dating violence. CONCLUSIONS Linkages between substance use and physical dating violence perpetration depend on substance use type and levels of contextual violence and social control. Prevention programs that address substance use-related dating violence should consider the role of social contextual variables that may condition risk by influencing adolescents' aggression propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Luz McNaughton Reyes
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Vangie A Foshee
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Andra T Tharp
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Susan T Ennett
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Daniel J Bauer
- Department of Psychology, L.L. Thurstone Psychometric Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Cunradi CB, Todd M, Mair C. Discrepant Patterns of Heavy Drinking, Marijuana Use, and Smoking and Intimate Partner Violence: Results From the California Community Health Study of Couples. JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION 2015; 45:73-95. [PMID: 26464462 PMCID: PMC4610035 DOI: 10.1177/0047237915608450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed whether discrepant (husband or wife use only) or concordant (both partners use) patterns of heavy drinking, marijuana use, and smoking are associated with increased risk for male-to-female partner violence and female-to-male partner violence among adult couples. Based on a geographic sample of married or cohabiting couples residing in 50 California cities, logistic regression analyses were conducted using dyadic data on past-year partner violence, binge drinking and frequency of intoxication, marijuana use, and smoking. When all substance use patterns were included simultaneously, wife-only heavy drinking couples were at elevated risk for male-to-female partner violence, as were concordant marijuana-using couples. Husband-only marijuana discrepant couples were at increased risk for female-to-male partner violence. Further research is needed to explore the processes by which discrepant and concordant substance use patterns may contribute to partner aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol B Cunradi
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Michael Todd
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Christina Mair
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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