1
|
Fazeli Rad H, Noury Ghaesm Abadi R, Hasani J. Craving, distress tolerance, emotion dysregulation, and experiential avoidance among patients in early recovery from opioid use disorder in residential programs. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2023.2167743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Fazeli Rad
- Department of clinical psychology, Kharazmi University of Tehran, Tehran Iran
| | | | - Jafar Hasani
- Department of clinical psychology, Kharazmi University of Tehran, Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rostami M, Moheban F, Davoudi M, Heshmati K, Taheri AA. Current Status and Future Trends of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for Smoking Cessation: A Narrative Review with Specific Attention to Technology-Based Interventions. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2022; 14:229-238. [PMID: 36544979 PMCID: PMC9743826 DOI: 10.34172/ahj.2022.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background During recent decades, it has become evident that cigarette smoking has led to an increase in cancer, risk of death, and economic problems or sanitation issues worldwide. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), as a third-wave behavioral therapy, has devoted significant attention to smoking cessation. However, this treatment has been utilized in different formats and protocols. Moreover, addressing its challenges and progress needs examination and integration. Accordingly, the primary aim of this study was to present a narrative review for summarizing and integrating the current data on the effectiveness of ACT on smoking cessation. This study also aimed to investigate the challenges and the future of this field. Methods The publications from January 1, 2010 to October 9, 2021 were identified by searching MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science electronic databases. The search was performed with the following keywords: "Acceptance AND Commitment Therapy" OR "Acceptance" AND "smoking" OR "tobacco" OR "cigarette" OR "smoker" OR "Nicotine". The inclusion criterion was studies with interventions aimed at reducing smoking cessation in smokers. Findings A total of 17 articles were analyzed in this study. The results showed that this treatment has significant effectiveness in smoking cessation and psychiatric comorbidities. Moreover, the role of experiential avoidance in smoking cessation was discussed in detail. Conclusion ACT is a suitable psychotherapy module for smoking cessation. However, it needs some upgrades regarding technology. To this end, smartphone applications and AVATAR therapy technologies were discussed with their advantages and solvable disadvantages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Rostami
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moheban
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Davoudi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author: Mohammadreza Davoudi,
| | - Khatereh Heshmati
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Taheri
- Department of Counselling, School of Behavioral Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
EVLİ M, ŞİMŞEK N. Mediating role of metacognitions in the relationship between cognitive avoidance and smoking addiction: a structural equation modeling. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.976394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
4
|
Mindfulness in Treatment Approaches for Addiction — Underlying Mechanisms and Future Directions. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00372-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
While the treatment of addictive disorders proves to be challenging, new treatment approaches that evolved around the concepts of mindfulness and acceptance have been utilized and investigated in recent years. Our goal is to summarize the efficacy and possible underlying mechanisms of mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) in addictive disorders.
Recent Findings
Various meta-analyses have suggested that MBIs show clinical efficacy in the treatment of addictive disorders. Considering the factors that impact addictive disorders, MBIs have been indicated to augment responsiveness to natural rewards in contrast to addiction-related cues as well as to increase top-down cognitive control, decrease subjective and physiological stress perception, and enhance positive affect.
Summary
In summary, MBIs hold promise in treating addictive disorders while larger randomized controlled trials with longitudinal study designs are needed to confirm their utility. Newest clinical endeavors strive to enhance the clinical utility of MBIs by augmentation or personalization.
Collapse
|
5
|
Enkema MC, Hallgren KA, Bowen S, Lee CM, Larimer ME. Craving management: Exploring factors that influence momentary craving-related risk of cannabis use among young adults. Addict Behav 2021; 115:106750. [PMID: 33383565 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Young adult frequent cannabis use has increased in prevalence and some frequent users have problems reducing their use. A strong link between momentary craving and subsequent use behaviors among individuals with problematic cannabis use has been reported in the literature, including young adults. In treatment contexts, interventions based on associative learning and reinforcement aim to reduce the prevalence of problematic substance use by altering the association between craving and use by increasing craving management skills such as mindfulness and reducing unhelpful responding such as avoidance or suppression. However, this model has not been tested among young adult cannabis users. The current study examined the influence of trait and state craving management strategies (mindfulness, coping style, experiential avoidance, and craving beliefs) on the link between momentary craving and use, using ecological momentary assessment in a sample of young adults with problematic use interested in reducing their use. Results demonstrated that two craving management constructs were associated with use: non-reactivity (p = 0.02) and non-judgment (p < 0.01). Interactions with momentary craving were observed for two constructs: non-judgmentalness (p = 0.02) and craving beliefs (p < 0.01). Findings suggest that treatments that increase non-reactivity and non-judgmentalness may reduce the occurrence of cannabis use for young adults contemplating reduction during an important period of biopsychosocial development by mitigating the impact of craving or directly reducing use. Additionally, negative beliefs about craving may serve a protective function during acute periods of elevation in momentary craving, an unexpected finding deserving further investigation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Waldeck D, Bissell G, Tyndall I. Experiential avoidance as a moderator for coping with a brief episode of ostracism: A pilot study. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
7
|
Kang D, Fairbairn CE, Ariss TA. A meta-analysis of the effect of substance use interventions on emotion outcomes. J Consult Clin Psychol 2019; 87:1106-1123. [PMID: 31724427 PMCID: PMC6859954 DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotional distress has been posited as a key underlying mechanism in the development and maintenance of substance use disorder (SUD), and patients seeking SUD treatment are often experiencing high levels of negative emotion and/or low levels of positive emotion. But the extent to which SUD interventions impact emotional outcomes among general SUD populations is yet unquantified. The current meta-analysis aims to fill this gap. METHOD A total of 11,754 records were screened for randomized, controlled trials examining the effect of behavioral SUD interventions on emotion outcomes. Our search yielded a total of 138 effect sizes calculated based on data from 5,146 individuals enrolled in 30 independent clinical trials. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled effect sizes, and metaregression analyses examined study-level moderators (e.g., intervention type). RESULTS Findings indicated a small but significant effect of SUD interventions on emotion outcomes, d = 0.157, 95% CI [0.052, 0.262] (k = 30). The effect size for negative emotion was nominally bigger, d = 0.162, 95% CI [0.056, 0.269] (k = 30), whereas the effect for positive emotion did not reach statistical significance, d = 0.062, 95% CI [-0.089, 0.213] (k = 7). Studies featuring SUD interventions designed to specifically target emotions (i.e., affect-regulation, mindfulness-based treatments) produced larger reductions in negative emotion compared with studies featuring interventions that did not contain specific emotion modules (e.g., contingency management). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that SUD interventions-especially mindfulness-based and affect-regulation treatments-indeed significantly reduce negative emotion, although relatively small effect sizes indicate potential room for improvement. Conclusions regarding positive emotion should be considered preliminary because of the limited numbers of samples assessing these outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
8
|
Veilleux JC. The relationship between distress tolerance and cigarette smoking: A systematic review and synthesis. Clin Psychol Rev 2019; 71:78-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
9
|
A review of AAQ variants and other context-specific measures of psychological flexibility. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
10
|
Brown RA, Palm Reed KM, Bloom EL, Minami H, Strong DR, Lejuez CW, Zvolensky MJ, Hayes SC. A randomized controlled trial of distress tolerance treatment for smoking cessation. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2018; 32:389-400. [PMID: 29927279 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously developed a distress tolerance (DT)-based treatment that showed promising results for smokers with a history of early lapse. In the current study, we conducted a randomized controlled trial of this DT treatment for a general population of smokers not limited to those with a history of early lapse. We randomized 116 participants (41% female) to DT or standard treatment (ST). Both treatments included 1 individual session during Week 1 followed by 7 group sessions during Weeks 2-9 (quit date at Session 4), two 20-min phone sessions, and 8 weeks of transdermal nicotine patch. Results indicated no significant differences between conditions in the primary outcome of biochemically verified 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence or in time to 1st lapse. Verified abstinence rates in DT were 38.7%, 38.7%, 46.77%, 40.32%, 20.9%, and 17.7% versus 40.7%, 37.0%, 53.7%, 44.4%, 33.3%, and 22.2% in ST at 1, 2, 4, 8, 13, and 26 weeks postquit, respectively. Additionally, we found no significant moderators of treatment efficacy and few differences in treatment process variables. These findings stand somewhat in contrast to those in our previous study and other recent studies of similar acceptance-based treatments. However, differences in methodology, inclusion of nicotine replacement therapy in both treatment conditions, and strict inclusion-exclusion criteria that excluded many smokers with affective vulnerabilities may underlie this discrepancy. Future research should evaluate the utility of DT and other acceptance-based treatments in populations with affective vulnerabilities who might specifically benefit from a DT-based approach. (PsycINFO Database Record
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David R Strong
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Carl W Lejuez
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Kansas
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cavicchioli M, Movalli M, Maffei C. Difficulties with emotion regulation, mindfulness, and substance use disorder severity: the mediating role of self-regulation of attention and acceptance attitudes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2018; 45:97-107. [DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2018.1511724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cavicchioli
- Department of Psychology, University “Vita-Salute San Raffaele”, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Movalli
- Department of Psychology, University “Vita-Salute San Raffaele”, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Maffei
- Department of Psychology, University “Vita-Salute San Raffaele”, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Minami H, Frank BE, Bold KW, McCarthy DE. Ecological momentary analysis of the relations among stressful events, affective reactivity, and smoking among smokers with high versus low depressive symptoms during a quit attempt. Addiction 2018; 113:299-312. [PMID: 28779527 PMCID: PMC5760357 DOI: 10.1111/add.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess whether individuals trying to quit smoking who have high depressive symptoms (HD), compared with low depressive symptoms (LD): (1) report more frequent stressful events (SEs), (2) are more likely to smoke after SEs, (3) experience greater acute or persistent changes in affect after an SE, and (4) are at greater risk of smoking following affective changes. DESIGN Smoking cessation data were analyzed using multi-level path modeling to examine the moderating effects of depressive symptoms on relations among SEs, subsequent affect, and smoking. SETTING An academic research center in Central New Jersey, USA. PARTICIPANTS Seventy-one adult treatment-seeking daily smokers recruited from 2010 to 2012. MEASUREMENTS Baseline depressive symptoms [HD: Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) ≥ 16 versus LD: CES-D < 16]; and real-time ecological momentary assessment (EMA) reports of SEs, affect, and smoking assessed during 21 days post-quit. FINDINGS Multi-level models indicated that HD smokers were more likely than LD smokers to report stressful events [odds ratio (OR) = 2.323, P = 0.009], but had similar post-stress acute affective changes (negative affect: b = -0.117, P = 0.137, positive affect: b = 0.020, P = 0.805). Only HD smokers reported increased negative affect (NA) (b = 0.199, P = 0.030) and decreased positive affect (PA) up to 12 hours later (b = -0.217, P = 0.021), and greater lapse risk up to 24 hours after an SE (OR = 3.213, P = 0.017). The persistence of elevated NA and suppressed PA was partially explained by increased odds of subsequent SEs among HD smokers. However, the heightened stress-lapse association over 24 hours found in HD smokers was not fully explained by sustained aversive affect or subsequent SEs. CONCLUSIONS Depressed and non-depressed smokers trying to quit appear to experience similar acute affective changes following stress: however, depressed smokers experience higher rates of exposure to stress, longer-lasting post-stress affective disturbance and greater risk of smoking lapse 12-24 hours after a stressful event than non-depressed smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Minami
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Psychology, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020,Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, 112 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1293,Fordham University, Department of Psychology, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458,Corresponding Author: Haruka Minami, Ph.D. Fordham University, Department of Psychology, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458, , Phone: +7188173885
| | - Brandon E. Frank
- Fordham University, Department of Psychology, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458
| | - Krysten W. Bold
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Psychology, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020,Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, 112 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1293,Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 34 Park Street CMHC, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Danielle E. McCarthy
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Psychology, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020,Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, 112 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1293,Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bloom EL, Wing RR, Kahler CW, Thompson JK, Meltzer S, Hecht J, Minami H, Price LH, Brown RA. Distress Tolerance Treatment for Weight Concern in Smoking Cessation Among Women: The WE QUIT Pilot Study. Behav Modif 2017; 41:468-498. [PMID: 28027666 PMCID: PMC5453845 DOI: 10.1177/0145445516683500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fear of gaining weight after quitting cigarette smoking is a major barrier to smoking cessation among women. Distress tolerance, which refers to one's ability and willingness to tolerate physical and emotional discomfort, predicts successful behavior change. Novel interventions rooted in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) have emerged that aim to increase distress tolerance and engagement in values-oriented behavior. In this study, we developed a 9-week, group-based distress tolerance intervention for weight concern in smoking cessation among women (DT-W). Using an iterative process, we piloted DT-W with two small groups ( n = 4 and n = 7) of female weight-concerned smokers. Results indicated that we successfully established the feasibility and acceptability of DT-W, which was well-attended and well-received. Biochemically verified 7-day point-prevalence abstinence rates at post-intervention, 1, 3, and 6 months were 64%, 36%, 27%, and 27%, respectively. We are now evaluating DT-W in a randomized controlled trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Litvin Bloom
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Rena R. Wing
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | - Sari Meltzer
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jacki Hecht
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Haruka Minami
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lawrence H. Price
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Richard A. Brown
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bou Khalil R, Chaar A, Bou-Orm I, Aoun-Bacha Z, Richa S. The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Nicotine Dependence in Lebanese Adults. J Psychoactive Drugs 2017; 49:252-257. [PMID: 28266897 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2017.1292435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Emotional intelligence (EI) is known to be a risk factor for several types of addiction. The purpose of this study was to investigate, in a cross-sectional design, the presence of a relationship between the level of EI and nicotine dependence in a sample of Lebanese adults. A self-administered questionnaire was used to determine the sociodemographic characteristics, the level of nicotine dependence, and the level of EI in a sample of 142 Lebanese participants from the community. The sample was 51.4% women, with a mean age of 33.9 years. There was no difference in EI level between smokers and non-smokers (p = 0.66), and there were no associations between EI level and the level of nicotine dependence (p = 0.59). However, EI was positively correlated with age (p = 0.023). Due to the fact that smokers have been dependent on nicotine for many years and that EI is known to increase with age, findings suggest that low EI may be a risk factor for initiation, rather than maintenance, of nicotine dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Bou Khalil
- a Attending and Lecturer , Hotel Dieu de France Hospital and Saint Joseph University , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - A Chaar
- b Resident, Department of Internal Medicine , Hotel Dieu de France Hospital and Saint Joseph University , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - I Bou-Orm
- c Coordinator, Non Communicable Diseases (NCD) Department , Ministry of Public Health , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Z Aoun-Bacha
- d Attending and Assistant Professor, Department of Pulmonology and Tobaccology , Hotel Dieu de France Hospital and Saint Joseph University , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - S Richa
- e Associate Professor, Head of Department of Psychiatry , Hotel Dieu de France Hospital and Saint Joseph University , Beirut , Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although social anxiety is associated with higher prevalence of smoking and lower cessation rates, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of these relationships. Research suggests that socially anxious smokers have higher levels of smoking-specific experiential avoidance and are inclined to smoke to avoid internal smoking cues. However, it is unknown which types of internal smoking cues they avoid. Thus, this study aimed to address this gap in the literature. METHODS Participants (N = 450) were adult smokers from a group-based trial for smoking cessation. Bivariate correlations and hierarchical linear regression models examined relationships between baseline levels of social anxiety and acceptance of internal smoking cues-physical sensations, emotions, and cognitions. RESULTS Social anxiety was associated with lower levels of acceptance of thoughts, sensations, and emotions that cue smoking. After controlling for levels of nicotine dependence, depression, generalized anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder, social anxiety still explained unique variability in overall acceptance of internal smoking cues and in acceptance of physical sensations and emotions that serve as smoking cues. Social anxiety no longer explained unique variability in acceptance of thoughts that trigger smoking. CONCLUSIONS Smokers with high levels of social anxiety are less accepting of internal smoking cues. For physical and emotional cues, this effect was independent of level of dependence and mental health comorbidity. Results help explain why smokers with social anxiety are less likely to quit and can inform the development of targeted cessation treatments for smokers with social anxiety.
Collapse
|
16
|
Farris SG, DiBello AM, Heggeness LF, Reitzel LR, Vidrine DJ, Schmidt NB, Zvolensky MJ. Sustained smoking abstinence is associated with reductions in smoking-specific experiential avoidance among treatment-seeking smokers. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2016; 51:51-7. [PMID: 26773342 PMCID: PMC4755816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Smoking-specific experiential avoidance is related to the maintenance of cigarette smoking. However, it is unclear whether sustained smoking abstinence is associated with subsequent reductions in smoking-specific experiential avoidance. METHODS Daily smokers (n = 149) underwent a cessation attempt in the context of a 4-session smoking cessation treatment trial. Participants provided biochemical verification of smoking status at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 Month post-quit day. Smoking-specific experiential avoidance was assessed per the Avoidance and Inflexibility Scale (AIS) - the total score and two factor scores were examined at 1 Month post-quit day as a function of abstinence status. Two path models were conducted and included participant sex, treatment condition, and pre-cessation nicotine dependence, smoking-specific experiential avoidance, and presence of emotional disorders as covariates. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, sustained smoking abstinence was associated with a reduction in the AIS total score at Month 1 post-quit (β = -.45, p < .001). Sustained smoking abstinence was associated with reductions across both facets of experiential avoidance -- smoking-related thoughts and feelings (β = -.44, p < .001) and internal bodily sensations (β = -.41, p < .001). LIMITATIONS Biochemical verification of smoking status was confirmed only at three time points post-quit day, and continued abstinence throughout the one-month post-quitting period is not fully known. CONCLUSIONS Sustained smoking abstinence may contribute to reductions in smoking-specific experiential avoidance. Findings add to the research documenting the relevance of experiential avoidance in various processes of smoking (including smoking abstinence).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha G Farris
- University of Houston, Department of Psychology, 126 Heyne Building, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, 345 Blackstone Blvd, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
| | - Angelo M DiBello
- Brown University, School of Public Health, 121 S. Main Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Luke F Heggeness
- Kent State University, Department of Psychological Sciences, 800 E. Summit St., Kent, OH 44240, USA
| | - Lorraine R Reitzel
- University of Houston, Department of Educational Psychology, Farish Hall, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - Damon J Vidrine
- The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Norman B Schmidt
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, 1107 W Call St, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- University of Houston, Department of Psychology, 126 Heyne Building, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Behavioral Science, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
García-Oliva C, Piqueras JA. Experiential Avoidance and Technological Addictions in Adolescents. J Behav Addict 2016; 5:293-303. [PMID: 27363463 PMCID: PMC5387780 DOI: 10.1556/2006.5.2016.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims This study focuses on the use of popular information and communication technologies (ICTs) by adolescents: the Internet, mobile phones, and video games. The relationship of ICT use and experiential avoidance (EA), a construct that has emerged as underlying and transdiagnostic to a wide variety of psychological problems, including behavioral addictions, is examined. EA refers to a self-regulatory strategy involving efforts to control or escape from negative stimuli such as thoughts, feelings, or sensations that generate strong distress. This strategy, which may be adaptive in the short term, is problematic if it becomes an inflexible pattern. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore whether EA patterns were associated with addictive or problematic use of ICT in adolescents. Methods A total of 317 students of the Spanish southeast between 12 and 18 years old were recruited to complete a questionnaire that included questions about general use of each ICTs, an experiential avoidance questionnaire, a brief inventory of the Big Five personality traits, and specific questionnaires on problematic use of the Internet, mobile phones, and video games. Results Correlation analysis and linear regression showed that EA largely explained results regarding the addictive use of the Internet, mobile phones, and video games, but not in the same way. As regards gender, boys showed a more problematic use of video games than girls. Concerning personality factors, conscientiousness was related to all addictive behaviors. Discussion and conclusions We conclude that EA is an important construct that should be considered in future models that attempt to explain addictive behaviors.
Collapse
|
18
|
Levin ME, Luoma JB, Haeger JA. Decoupling as a Mechanism of Change in Mindfulness and Acceptance. Behav Modif 2015; 39:870-911. [DOI: 10.1177/0145445515603707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of research within the acceptance and mindfulness-based therapies suggests that these treatments may function in part by reducing or eliminating (i.e., decoupling) the normative relationships between internal experiences and other internal/overt behavior. Examples of decoupling effects found in this review include reduced relationships between urges to smoke and smoking behavior, between dysphoric mood and depressive cognitions, and between pain intensity and persistence in a painful task. A literature review identified 44 studies on acceptance and mindfulness that demonstrated decoupling effects. Overall, preliminary evidence for decoupling effects were found across a broad range of problem areas, including substance abuse, depression, eating disorders, overeating, chronic pain, anxiety, relationships, anger, avoidance behavior, and self-harm, with the strongest evidence currently available in the area of substance abuse. However, the review also notes a general lack of replication studies on decoupling effects and the need for more well-powered and controlled research testing specific decoupling hypotheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason B. Luoma
- Portland Psychotherapy Clinic, Research, and Training Center, OR, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|