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Miller AP, Gizer IR. Dual-systems models of the genetic architecture of impulsive personality traits: neurogenetic evidence of distinct but related factors. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1533-1543. [PMID: 38016992 PMCID: PMC11132950 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723003367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dual-systems models, positing an interaction between two distinct and competing systems (i.e. top-down self-control, and bottom-up reward- or emotion-based drive), provide a parsimonious framework for investigating the interplay between cortical and subcortical brain regions relevant to impulsive personality traits (IPTs) and their associations with psychopathology. Despite recent developments in multivariate analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), molecular genetic investigations of these models have not been conducted. METHODS Using IPT GWAS, we conducted confirmatory genomic structural equation models (GenomicSEM) to empirically evaluate dual-systems models of the genetic architecture of IPTs. Genetic correlations between dual-systems factors and relevant cortical and subcortical neuroimaging phenotypes (regional/structural volume, cortical surface area, cortical thickness) were estimated and compared. RESULTS GenomicSEM dual-systems models underscored important sources of shared and unique genetic variance between top-down and bottom-up constructs. Specifically, a dual-systems genomic model consisting of sensation seeking and lack of self-control factors demonstrated distinct but related sources of genetic influences (rg = 0.60). Genetic correlation analyses provided evidence of differential associations between dual-systems factors and cortical neuroimaging phenotypes (e.g. lack of self-control negatively associated with cortical thickness, sensation seeking positively associated with cortical surface area). No significant associations were observed with subcortical phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Dual-systems models of the genetic architecture of IPTs tested were consistent with study hypotheses, but associations with relevant neuroimaging phenotypes were mixed (e.g. no associations with subcortical volumes). Findings demonstrate the utility of dual-systems models for studying IPT genetic influences, but also highlight potential limitations as a framework for interpreting IPTs as endophenotypes for psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P. Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ian R. Gizer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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2
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Oshri A, Howard CJ, Zhang L, Reck A, Cui Z, Liu S, Duprey E, Evans AI, Azarmehr R, Geier CF. Strengthening through adversity: The hormesis model in developmental psychopathology. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38532735 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Employing a developmental psychopathology framework, we tested the utility of the hormesis model in examining the strengthening of children and youth through limited levels of adversity in relation to internalizing and externalizing outcomes within a brain-by-development context. METHODS Analyzing data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study (N = 11,878), we formed latent factors of threat, deprivation, and unpredictability. We examined linear and nonlinear associations between adversity dimensions and youth psychopathology symptoms and how change of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in the default mode network (DMN) from Time 1 to Time 5 moderates these associations. RESULTS A cubic association was found between threat and youth internalizing problems; low-to-moderate family conflict levels reduced these problems. Deprivation also displayed a cubic relation with youth externalizing problems, with moderate deprivation levels associated with fewer problems. Unpredictability linearly increased both problem types. Change in DMN rsFC significantly moderated the cubic link between threat levels and internalizing problems, with declining DMN rsFC levels from Time 1 to Time 5 facilitating hormesis. Hormetic effects peaked earlier, emphasizing the importance of sensitive periods and developmental timing of outcomes related to earlier experiences. CONCLUSIONS Strengthening through limited environmental adversity is crucial for developing human resilience. Understanding this process requires considering both linear and nonlinear adversity-psychopathology associations. Testing individual differences by brain and developmental context will inform preventive intervention programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Oshri
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Cullin J Howard
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Linhao Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ava Reck
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Zehua Cui
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sihong Liu
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Erinn Duprey
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Avary I Evans
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Rabeeh Azarmehr
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Charles F Geier
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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3
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Emery NN, Stanton K, Baumgardner S, Simons JS, Douglass MA, Prince MA. Discrete emotions and global affect: Applying empirically driven approaches to experience sampling data to model state and trait affective structure and affect-alcohol use associations in a heavy drinking young-adult sample. Behav Res Ther 2023; 167:104356. [PMID: 37392487 PMCID: PMC10530525 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Affective functioning is central to most contemporary models of alcohol use. However, the affective structure at the within- and between-person levels is rarely investigated nor is the differential predictive value of specific affect dimensions assessed across state and trait formats. We examined a) the structure of state and trait affect using experience sampling methodology (ESM) and b) predictive associations between the empirically derived affect facets and alcohol use. Participants were 92 heavy drinking college students aged 18-25 who completed 8 momentary assessments of their affect and drinking a day for 28-days. We found evidence for a single positive affect factor at both the within- (i.e., state) and between-person (i.e., trait) levels. We found a hierarchical factor structure for negative affect, represented by a general, superordinate dimension as well as facet-level sadness, anxiety, and anger dimensions. Associations between affect and alcohol use differed across trait and state levels and across specific types of negative affect. Lagged state positive affect and sadness as well as trait positive affect and sadness were inversely associated with drinking. Lagged state anxiety and trait general negative affect were positively associated with drinking. Thus, our study demonstrates how associations between drinking and affect can be studied in relation to general (e.g., general negative affect) and more specific aspects of affective experiences (e.g., sadness versus anxiety) concurrently within the same study and across trait and state levels of assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah N Emery
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, USA.
| | - Kasey Stanton
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mark A Prince
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, USA
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4
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Miller AP, Gizer IR. Dual-systems models of the genetic architecture of impulsive personality traits: Neurogenetic evidence of distinct but related factors. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.02.10.23285725. [PMID: 36824800 PMCID: PMC9949186 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.10.23285725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Dual-systems models provide a parsimonious framework for understanding the interplay between cortical and subcortical brain regions relevant to impulsive personality traits (IPTs) and their associations with psychiatric disorders. Despite recent developments in multivariate analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), molecular genetic investigations of these models have not been conducted. Methods Using extant IPT GWAS, we conducted confirmatory genomic structural equation models (GenomicSEM) to empirically evaluate dual-systems models of the genetic architecture of IPTs. Genetic correlations between results of multivariate GWAS of dual-systems factors and GWAS of relevant cortical and subcortical neuroimaging phenotypes (regional/structural volume, cortical surface area, cortical thickness) were calculated and compared. Results Evaluation of GenomicSEM model fit indices for dual-systems models suggested that these models highlight important sources of shared and unique genetic variance between top-down and bottom-up constructs. Specifically, a dual-systems genomic model consisting of sensation seeking and lack of self-control factors demonstrated distinct but related sources of genetic influences ( r g =.60). Genetic correlation analyses provided evidence of differential associations between dual-systems factors and cortical neuroimaging phenotypes (e.g., lack of self-control negatively associated with cortical thickness, sensation seeking positively associated with cortical surface area). However, no significant associations were observed for subcortical phenotypes inconsistent with hypothesized functional localization of dual-systems constructs. Conclusions Dual-systems models of the genetic architecture of IPTs tested here demonstrate evidence of shared and unique genetic influences and associations with relevant neuroimaging phenotypes. These findings emphasize potential advantages in utilizing dual-systems models to study genetic influences for IPTs and transdiagnostic associations with psychiatric disorders.
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5
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Yockey RA. Decreasing trends in alcohol use among African American youth: 2006–2019, USA. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2128448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Andrew Yockey
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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6
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Pintos Lobo R, Morris SS, Yanes J, Tenenbaum RB, Feeney KE, Musser ED. The role of temperament in alcohol use among college students. Addict Behav Rep 2021; 14:100366. [PMID: 34938827 PMCID: PMC8664780 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD) among young adults are important public health concerns. The high prevalence and negative effects of alcohol use suggests that there is a need for improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying alcohol use. The current study utilizes the model of adult temperament proposed by Evans and Rothbart (2007) as the framework with which to examine the interplay among temperament domains and alcohol use. Specifically, we examined individual and interactive associations among self-report ratings of positive affect, negative affect, effortful control, orienting sensitivity and alcohol use patterns, among a large sample of college students. ANOVA and linear regression analyses indicated that positive affect was associated with engagement in hazardous alcohol use and binge drinking. Furthermore, effortful control was associated with reduced engagement in overall alcohol use. These results corroborate and extend previous work which suggests that positive affect and effortful control temperament domains are linked to alcohol use patterns in college-age young adults. These findings may serve as an important step for informed decision-making about prevention and intervention efforts related to problematic alcohol use in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julio Yanes
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Rachel B. Tenenbaum
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen E. Feeney
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Erica D. Musser
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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7
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Boness CL, Watts AL, Moeller KN, Sher KJ. The Etiologic, Theory-Based, Ontogenetic Hierarchical Framework of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Translational Systematic Review of Reviews. Psychol Bull 2021; 147:1075-1123. [PMID: 35295672 PMCID: PMC8923643 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Modern nosologies (e.g., ICD-11, DSM-5) for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and dependence prioritize reliability and clinical presentation over etiology, resulting in a diagnosis that is not always strongly grounded in basic theory and research. Within these nosologies, DSM-5 AUD is treated as a discrete, largely categorical, but graded, phenomenon, which results in additional challenges (e.g., significant phenotypic heterogeneity). Efforts to increase the compatibility between AUD diagnosis and modern conceptualizations of alcohol dependence, which describe it as dimensional and partially overlapping with other psychopathology (e.g., other substance use disorders) will inspire a stronger scientific framework and strengthen AUD's validity. We conducted a systematic review of 144 reviews to integrate addiction constructs and theories into a comprehensive framework with the aim of identifying fundamental mechanisms implicated in AUD. The product of this effort was the Etiologic, Theory-Based, Ontogenetic Hierarchical Framework (ETOH Framework) of AUD mechanisms, which outlines superdomains of cognitive control, reward, as well as negative valence and emotionality, each of which subsume narrower, hierarchically-organized components. We also outline opponent processes and self-awareness as key moderators of AUD mechanisms. In contrast with other frameworks, we recommend an increased conceptual role for negative valence and compulsion in AUD. The ETOH framework serves as a critical step towards conceptualizations of AUD as dimensional and heterogeneous. It has the potential to improve AUD assessment and aid in the development of evidence-based diagnostic measures that focus on key mechanisms in AUD, consequently facilitating treatment matching.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley L Watts
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Missouri
| | | | - Kenneth J Sher
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Missouri
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8
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Scalco MD, Evans M, Colder CR. Understanding the Progression from Early Alcohol Use Experimentation to Alcohol Use Disorder: Testing Vulnerability by Experience Interactions Using a Two-Part Latent Growth Curve Model. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 49:789-805. [PMID: 33582943 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Most adolescents experiment with alcohol, but a smaller percentage advance to heavy alcohol use (AU) and AU disorder (AUD). Understanding for whom and how early risk leads to AUD is of interest to prevention, treatment, and etiology of AUD. Informed by developmental and behavioral neuroscience theory, the current study tested whether temperament (effortful control, surgency, and negative affect), peer AU (multi-reporter), and AU with parents' permission interacted to distinguish youth who experiment with alcohol from those who escalate to AUD. Community adolescents (N = 765, 53% female) were assessed annually for seven years (Mage = 11.8, range: 10-13 at Year 1; Mage = 18.7; range = 17-20 at year 7). Temperament by early experience interactions were expected to predict amount of AU. Amount of AU was expected to mediate the relationship between the interactions and AUD symptoms (assessed at Years 3 and 7, Mage = 13.8 and 18.7) above and beyond a range of confounds (e.g., problem behavior and parental AU and AUD). Supporting hypotheses, effortful control and surgency interacted with AU with parents' permission and peer AU, respectively, to predict higher amount of AU (R2 = 0.47) and AUD symptoms (R2 = 0.03). Results support developmental and behavioral neuroscience theory. High surgency and low effortful control in conjunction with peer AU and AU with parents' permission were associated with large effects on AU and moderate mediated effects through AU to AUD. AU with parents' permission was risky at low and high effortful control and protective when peers used alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Scalco
- Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Dr, LA, 70148, New Orleans, USA.
| | - Miranda Evans
- Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Dr, LA, 70148, New Orleans, USA
| | - Craig R Colder
- University At Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
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9
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Groman SM, Hillmer AT, Liu H, Fowles K, Holden D, Morris ED, Lee D, Taylor J. Midbrain D 3 Receptor Availability Predicts Escalation in Cocaine Self-administration. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:767-776. [PMID: 32312578 PMCID: PMC8954711 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results from neuroimaging studies suggest that disruptions in flexible decision-making functions in substance-dependent individuals are a consequence of drug-induced neural adaptations. In addicted populations, however, the causal relationship between biobehavioral phenotypes of susceptibility and addiction consequence is difficult to dissociate. Indeed, evidence from animals suggests that poor decision making due to preexisting biological factors can independently enhance the risk for developing addiction-like behaviors. Neuroimaging studies in animals provide a unique translational approach for the identification of the neurobiological mechanisms that mediate susceptibility to addiction. METHODS We used positron emission tomography in rats to quantify regional dopamine D2/3 receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and assessed decision making using a probabilistic reversal learning task. Susceptibility to self-administer cocaine was then quantified for 21 days followed by tests of motivation and relapse-like behaviors. RESULTS We found that deficits specifically in reward-guided choice behavior on the probabilistic reversal learning task predicted greater escalation of cocaine self-administration behavior and greater motivation for cocaine and, critically, were associated with higher midbrain D3 receptor availability. Additionally, individual differences in midbrain D3 receptor availability independently predicted the rate of escalation in cocaine-taking behaviors. No differences in mGluR5 availability, responses during tests of extinction, or cue-induced reinstatement were observed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that our identified D3-mediated decision-making phenotype can be used as a behavioral biomarker for assessment of cocaine use susceptibility in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Groman
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University,Correspondence should be addressed to: Stephanie M. Groman, Ph.D. (), Jane R. Taylor, Ph.D. (), 34 Park Street, New Haven CT 06515
| | - Ansel T. Hillmer
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University,Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University
| | - Heather Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University
| | - Krista Fowles
- Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University
| | - Daniel Holden
- Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University
| | - Evan D. Morris
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University,Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University,Invicro, LLC
| | - Daeyeol Lee
- The Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Jane Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University,Department of Neuroscience Yale University,Correspondence should be addressed to: Stephanie M. Groman, Ph.D. (), Jane R. Taylor, Ph.D. (), 34 Park Street, New Haven CT 06515
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10
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Ortega A, Sutton M, McConville A, Cushing CC, Fite PJ. Longitudinal investigation of the bidirectional associations between initiation of e-cigarettes and other substances in adolescents. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2020.1766129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ortega
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Moneika Sutton
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Andrew McConville
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Christopher C. Cushing
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Schiefelbusch Institute for Life Span Studies, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Paula J. Fite
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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11
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Johnson SL, Elliott MV, Carver CS. Impulsive Responses to Positive and Negative Emotions: Parallel Neurocognitive Correlates and Their Implications. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:338-349. [PMID: 31668478 PMCID: PMC7012660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Theory about the conceptual basis of psychiatric disorders has long emphasized negative emotionality. More recent ideas emphasize roles for positive emotionality and impulsivity as well. This review examines impulsive responses to positive and negative emotions, which have been labeled as urgency. Urgency is conceptually and empirically distinct from other forms of impulsivity. A large body of work indicates that urgency is more robustly related to psychopathology than are other forms of impulsivity. Researchers have considered 4 neurocognitive models of urgency: excessive emotion generation, poor emotion regulation, risky decision making, and poor cognitive control. Little evidence supports emotion generation or risky decision making as the core issues driving urgency. Rather, urgency appears related to dysfunction in key hubs implicated in the integration of cognitive control and emotion regulation (e.g., the orbitofrontal cortex and anterior insula), expressed as response inhibition deficits that emerge most robustly in high arousal contexts. These neurocognitive processes appear remarkably parallel for positive and negative urgency. We provide methodological suggestions and theoretical hypotheses to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri L Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California.
| | - Matthew V Elliott
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Charles S Carver
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
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12
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Jurado-Barba R, Sion A, Martínez-Maldonado A, Domínguez-Centeno I, Prieto-Montalvo J, Navarrete F, García-Gutierrez MS, Manzanares J, Rubio G. Neuropsychophysiological Measures of Alcohol Dependence: Can We Use EEG in the Clinical Assessment? Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:676. [PMID: 32765317 PMCID: PMC7379886 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Addiction management is complex, and it requires a bio-psycho-social perspective, that ought to consider the multiple etiological and developmental factors. Because of this, a large amount of resources has been allocated to assess the vulnerability to dependence, i.e., to identify the processes underlying the transition from substance use to dependence, as well as its course, in order to determine the key points in its prevention, treatment, and recovery. Consequently, knowledge \from neuroscience must be taken into account, which is why different initiatives have emerged with this objective, such as the "Research Domain Criteria" (RDoC), and the "Addiction Neuroclinical Assessment" (ANA). Particularly, neuropsychophysiological measures could be used as markers of cognitive and behavioral attributes or traits in alcohol dependence, and even trace clinical change. In this way, the aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview following ANA clinical framework, to the most robust findings in neuropsychophysiological changes in alcohol dependence, that underlie the main cognitive domains implicated in addiction: incentive salience, negative emotionality, and executive functioning. The most consistent results have been found in event-related potential (ERP) analysis, especially in the P3 component, that could show a wide clinical utility, mainly for the executive functions. The review also shows the usefulness of other components, implicated in affective and substance-related processing (P1, N1, or the late positive potential LPP), as well as event-related oscillations, such as theta power, with a possible use as vulnerability or clinical marker in alcohol dependence. Finally, new tools emerging from psychophysiology research, based on functional connectivity or brain graph analysis could help toward a better understanding of altered circuits in alcohol dependence, as well as communication efficiency and effort during mental operations. This review concludes with an examination of these tools as possible markers in the clinical field and discusses methodological differences, the need for more replicability studies and incipient lines of work. It also uses consistent findings in psychophysiology to draw possible treatment targets and cognitive profiles in alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Jurado-Barba
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychology, Education and Health Science Faculty, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sion
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Addictive Disorders Network, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Domínguez-Centeno
- Department of Psychology, Education and Health Science Faculty, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Navarrete
- Addictive Disorders Network, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Neuroscience Institute, Miguel Hernández University-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Salud García-Gutierrez
- Addictive Disorders Network, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Neuroscience Institute, Miguel Hernández University-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Addictive Disorders Network, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Neuroscience Institute, Miguel Hernández University-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - Gabriel Rubio
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Addictive Disorders Network, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Medicine Faculty, Complutense de Madrid University, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Lopez-Vergara HI, Jackson KM, Meshesha LZ, Metrik J. Dysregulation as a correlate of cannabis use and problem use. Addict Behav 2019; 95:138-144. [PMID: 30913511 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cannabis users with a dysregulatory risk factor may be particularly vulnerable to engaging in more frequent and problematic cannabis use. Contemporary models of dysregulated behavior suggest that dysregulation emerges due to distinct mechanisms. The current study seeks to examine the dysregulatory correlates of cannabis involvement, including working memory capacity, delay discounting, impulsivity, and reward sensitivity. METHOD Participants were 104 non-treatment seeking frequent cannabis users (the average participant used cannabis 71% of the days/past 60 days [SD = 22%], with an average of two uses per day [SD = 1.2]). Mean age was 21.3 (SD = 4.3); 36.5% were female. Working memory was assessed via the Trail-Making Test-B and the Digit Span subtests of the WAIS-III, delay discounting was assessed via a computer-based task, trait impulsivity was self-reported via the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and reward sensitivity was self-reported via the Reward Dependence Scale and the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale. RESULTS Structural equation modeling estimated the associations between different facets of dysregulation and cannabis involvement. Results suggest that poor working memory capacity and high trait impulsivity were associated with both use and problem use. Greater delay discounting was associated with problem use, but not with frequency of use. Low reward sensitivity was associated with more frequent cannabis use, but not with problem use. CONCLUSIONS Results confirm that the dysregulatory correlates of cannabis involvement consist of multiple dimensions of functioning. Prospective studies that assess the multidimensional structure of dysregulation and cannabis involvement are needed in order to disaggregate the dysregulatory antecedents and consequences of cannabis involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector I Lopez-Vergara
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, United States of America
| | - Kristina M Jackson
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, United States of America
| | - Lidia Z Meshesha
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, United States of America
| | - Jane Metrik
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, United States of America; Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI 02908, United States of America.
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14
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Vergés A, Littlefield AK, Arriaza T, Alvarado ME. Impulsivity facets and substance use initiation: A comparison of two models of impulsivity. Addict Behav 2019; 88:61-66. [PMID: 30145476 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Several types of impulsivity have been linked to various substance use outcomes. The UPPS-P framework has received major focus within the field of substance use research. However, this framework is not without limitation. An alternative framework is the Two-Factor Model of impulsivity, which posits that rash impulsivity and reward drive are the central, if not sufficient, domains of impulsivity. Unfortunately, the extant literature is quite limited in terms of work that have directly compared the UPPS-P framework to the Two-Factor Model of impulsivity, particularly in prospective designs focused on the initiation of common, problematic forms of substance use among adolescents (i.e., alcohol and marijuana use). In the current study, the UPPS-P measures were compared to dedicated measures of the Two-Factor Model of impulsivity in a sample of Chilean adolescents who were lifetime abstainers of alcohol or marijuana use at baseline (N = 541) to predict the initiation of use for these substances at a one-year follow-up. Results showed that the Two-Factor Model had superior predictive utility compared to the UPPS-P measures, and only rash impulsivity and reward drive were significant predictors in a multivariate model that simultaneously considered UPPS-P and Two-Factor Model assessments. Overall, the current findings indicate that the Two-Factor Model should be considered to index risk of substance use initiation to guide prevention efforts and highlight the importance of direct comparisons of alternative measurement and theoretical frameworks of impulsivity within the field of substance use research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Vergés
- Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Andrew K Littlefield
- Texas Tech University, Department of Psychological Sciences, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Tomás Arriaza
- Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Carver CS, Johnson SL. Impulsive reactivity to emotion and vulnerability to psychopathology. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2018; 73:1067-1078. [PMID: 30525782 PMCID: PMC6309622 DOI: 10.1037/amp0000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Impulsiveness has been studied as an aspect of personality and psychopathology for generations. There are longstanding disagreements about how to define it and whether it should be viewed as one construct or several. This article begins by briefly reviewing some earlier and some more recent work on impulsiveness. Several approaches have recently converged to focus on a distinction between impulsive reactions to emotion and impulsive properties that are not initiated by emotion. From this review, we turn to psychopathology. It is well known that impulsiveness is related to externalizing psychopathology, but some have concluded that a similar relation does not exist for internalizing psychopathology. A recent literature is described that challenges the latter conclusion, linking impulsive reactivity to emotion to both externalizing and internalizing aspects of psychopathology. Discussion then turns to emotion-related impulsiveness and other constructs to which it is conceptually and empirically related, reexamining whether other conceptual targets should be added to the discussion. The article closes with a consideration of how important it is to continue to remain open to new conceptual perspectives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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Herman AM, Duka T. Facets of impulsivity and alcohol use: What role do emotions play? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 106:202-216. [PMID: 30343823 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol misuse is a major public concern. Impulsivity has been recognised as a significant risk factor predisposing for the initiation of alcohol use, continuation and excessive alcohol use. Evidence suggests that impulsivity is also a result of both acute alcohol intoxication and long-term alcohol abuse. The multifaceted character of impulsivity and the various ways of assessing it in humans and animal models, hampers the full understanding of how impulsivity relates to alcohol use and misuse. Therefore, in this review we evaluate recent developments in the field, trying to disentangle the contribution of different impulsivity subtypes as causes and effects of alcohol use. Moreover, we review a growing body of evidence, including brain imaging, suggesting the importance of emotional states in engaging in alcohol consumption, particularly in highly impulsive individuals. We also present recent insights into how emotional processing is manifested in alcoholism and binge drinking and suggest novel approaches to treatment and prevention opportunities which target emotional-regulation as well as emotional perception and insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Herman
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK; Sussex Addiction and Intervention Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK
| | - Theodora Duka
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK; Sussex Addiction and Intervention Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK.
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Mestre-Bach G, Steward T, Granero R, Fernández-Aranda F, Talón-Navarro MT, Cuquerella À, Baño M, Moragas L, del Pino-Gutiérrez A, Aymamí N, Gómez-Peña M, Mallorquí-Bagué N, Vintró-Alcaraz C, Magaña P, Menchón JM, Jiménez-Murcia S. Gambling and Impulsivity Traits: A Recipe for Criminal Behavior? Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:6. [PMID: 29434553 PMCID: PMC5796889 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gambling disorder (GD) is a psychiatric condition that was recently recategorized as a non-substance-related addiction in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders. Criminal activity is commonly associated with gambling; however, few empirical studies to date have examined sociodemographic and psychological variables in this population. In this study, we explored criminal behavior history in a sample of consecutively recruited treatment-seeking gamblers (n = 382) and compared subjects with a history of illegal acts (n = 103, 26.9%) to those with no criminal record (n = 279, 73.1%). Impulsivity and personality traits were specifically explored, along with other gambling-related severity factors. We found that gamblers who engaged in illegal activity were more likely to endorse high levels of urgency (i.e., the tendency to act out when experiencing heightened emotional states) and increased lack of premeditation. Gamblers with a history of criminal behavior also had greater GD severity levels and gambling-related debts. Additionally, these gamblers reported lower levels of self-directedness, which is characterized by difficulty in establishing and redirecting behavior toward one's goals. Likewise, gamblers who had conducted criminal acts showed a tendency to engage in greater risk-taking behavior. These results shed new light on this understudied population and provide insights for developing targeted harm-prevention interventions and treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Trevor Steward
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Àngel Cuquerella
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Baño
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Moragas
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo del Pino-Gutiérrez
- Nursing Department of Mental Health, Public Health, Maternal and Child Health, Nursing School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Aymamí
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Mallorquí-Bagué
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Vintró-Alcaraz
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Magaña
- Department of Law, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Menchón
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Swaim RC, Stanley LR. Effects of Family Conflict and Anger on Alcohol Use Among American Indian Students: Mediating Effects of Outcome Expectancies. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2018; 79:102-110. [PMID: 29227238 PMCID: PMC9798485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identification of etiologic mechanisms underlying alcohol use among American Indian adolescents is essential because of higher rates of use and earlier initiation. One path links positive outcome expectancies to increased use for reduction of negative affect. This study estimates relationships between two aspects of distress among American Indian high school students-family conflict and anger-and alcohol involvement, and it investigates whether outcome expectancies serve as a mediator between these facets of distress and alcohol use. METHOD Structural equation modeling evaluated study hypotheses among 975 female and 936 male American Indian 9th- through 12th-grade students residing on or near reservations. Students were from 17 high schools recruited across six geographic regions where American Indians on reservations reside. Separate models were assessed for male and female students. RESULTS Outcome expectancies mediated the relationship between both anger and family conflict for female students, but only for anger among male students. Full mediation was found for all significant effects. CONCLUSIONS For female American Indian high school students, anger and family conflict operate in large degree through outcome expectancies for alcohol use. A similar effect is found for male students for anger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall C. Swaim
- Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, Department of Psychology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado,Correspondence may be sent to Randall C. Swaim at the Tri-Ethnic Center for prevention Research, Department of psychology, Colorado State University, 106 Sage Hall, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1879, or via email at:
| | - Linda R. Stanley
- Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, Department of Psychology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Gullo MJ, Loxton NJ, Price T, Voisey J, Young RM, Connor JP. A laboratory model of impulsivity and alcohol use in late adolescence. Behav Res Ther 2017; 97:52-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Abstract
Evidence indicates the existence of a superordinate factor of general psychopathology, which has been termed p. Among the issues raised by this discovery is whether this factor has substantive meaning or not. This article suggests a functional interpretation of the p factor, based in part on a family of dual process models, in which an associative system and a deliberative system compete for influence over action. The associative system is frequently said to be impulsively responsive to emotions. We hypothesize that this impulsive responsivity to emotion underlies the p factor. One benefit of this view is to use the same underlying process variable to account for both internalizing and externalizing vulnerabilities, as well as aspects of thought disorder. Evidence is reviewed linking impulsive reactivity to emotion to the p factor, and (separately) to internalizing, externalizing, and thought-disorder symptoms. Alternative interpretations are considered.
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Lopez-Vergara HI, Merrill JE, Janssen T, Jackson KM. Social and Individual-Level Predictors of Alcohol Use Initiation and Escalation: Replicating and Extending Tests of Differential Effects. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2017; 78:452-457. [PMID: 28499113 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2017.78.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although alcohol use is considered a developmental phenomenon, there is a relative dearth of studies disaggregating predictors of alcohol use initiation versus early escalation of drinking. One perspective that has emerged is that social levels of influence may be relevant for the initiation of drinking, whereas individual levels of influence may be relevant for the early escalation in level of drinking among initiators, which we refer to as the specificity hypothesis. METHOD A sample of alcohol-naive youth (n = 944; mean age = 12.16 years, SD = 0.96) was prospectively assessed for 3 years, spanning six waves of data collection. RESULTS Both social (parental conflict, perceived prevalence of peer drinking) and individual-level (higher sensation seeking) variables uniquely predicted increases in the likelihood of alcohol initiation. Likewise, both social (perceived descriptive norms of peer drinking) and individual-level (lower school grades, higher sensation seeking) variables uniquely predicted escalation in level of drinking among initiators (although only marginally for sensation seeking). CONCLUSIONS Overall, there was little support for the specificity hypothesis. Our findings suggest that to assume that social and individual-level processes differentially predict drinking outcomes may be a false dichotomy. Theoretical work may benefit from drawing from developmental models emphasizing the interplay between individual and environmental factors in the prediction of the early development of drinking. The emergence of drinking behaviors is likely to result from a developmental cascade of interacting variables that make the ontogeny of drinking unlikely to emerge from a single class of variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer E Merrill
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Tim Janssen
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kristina M Jackson
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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