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Santo CD, Desmarais A, Christophe NK. Coping with ethnic-racial discrimination: Protective-reactive effects of shift-and-persist coping on internalizing symptoms among Black American adolescents. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2024. [PMID: 39140245 DOI: 10.1111/jora.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Ethnic-racial discrimination has pervasive negative effects on Black youth's mental health; therefore, it is crucial to identify factors that provide resilience against discrimination. Two promising factors to help youth cope are ethnic-racial identity (how one feels about their ethnicity/race) and shift-and-persist coping (reappraising and accepting an uncontrollable stressor while remaining optimistic about the future). While there is existing scholarship on ethnic-racial identity among Black youth, this work has not yet assessed the impacts of shift-and-persist in this population. Using a sample of 155 Black youth (ages 13-17), the current study examined the interplay between discrimination, ethnic-racial identity, shift-and-persist coping, and internalizing symptoms. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were positively associated with discrimination and negatively associated with shift-and-persist. Significant interactions between discrimination and shift-and-persist predicting both depressive and anxiety symptoms revealed significant negative associations between shift-and-persist and internalizing symptoms at low and average, but not high discrimination levels. Effects are, thus, protective-reactive; the protective effects of shift-and-persist are not significant for youth facing high levels of discrimination. Ethnic-racial identity, surprisingly, was not significantly associated with either depressive or anxiety symptoms, nor did it interact with shift-and-persist as it has in studies of Latinx youth. By understanding the protective benefits of shift-and-persist and ethnic-racial identity in Black youth, during a pivotal period for mental health, we can provide this growing population with tools to lessen the maladaptive outcomes associated with discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy Dal Santo
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ariane Desmarais
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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LeBrón AMW, Schulz AJ, Gamboa C, Reyes A, Viruell-Fuentes E, Israel BA. Mexican-origin women's individual and collective strategies to access and share health-promoting resources in the context of exclusionary immigration and immigrant policies. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1757. [PMID: 38956532 PMCID: PMC11218332 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing literature has documented the social, economic, and health impacts of exclusionary immigration and immigrant policies in the early 21st century for Latiné communities in the US, pointing to immigration and immigrant policies as forms of structural racism that affect individual, family, and community health and well-being. Furthermore, the past decade has seen an increase in bi-partisan exclusionary immigration and immigrant policies. Immigration enforcement has been a major topic during the 2024 Presidential election cycle, portending an augmentation of exclusionary policies towards immigrants. Within this context, scholars have called for research that highlights the ways in which Latiné communities navigate exclusionary immigration and immigrant policies, and implications for health. This study examines ways in which Mexican-origin women in a midwestern northern border community navigate restrictive immigration and immigrant policies to access health-promoting resources and care for their well-being. METHODS We conducted a grounded theory analysis drawing on interviews with 48 Mexican-origin women in Detroit, Michigan, who identified as being in the first, 1.5, or second immigrant generation. Interviews were conducted in English or Spanish, depending on participants' preferences, and were conducted at community-based organizations or other locations convenient to participants in 2013-2014. RESULTS Women reported encountering an interconnected web of institutional processes that used racializing markers to infer legal status and eligibility to access health-promoting resources. Our findings highlight women's use of both individual and collective action to navigate exclusionary policies and processes, working to: (1) maintain access to health-promoting resources; (2) limit labeling and stigmatization; and (3) mitigate adverse impacts of immigrant policing on health and well-being. The strategies women engaged were shaped by both the immigration processes and structures they confronted, and the resources to which they had access to within their social network. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a complex interplay of immigration-related policies and processes, social networks, and health-relevant resources. They highlight the importance of inclusive policies to promote health for immigrant communities. These findings illuminate women's agency in the context of structural violence facing immigrant women and are particularly salient in the face of anti-immigrant rhetoric and exclusionary immigration and immigrant policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana M W LeBrón
- Department of Health, Society, and Behavior, University of California, Irvine 856 Health Sciences Drive, Suite 3555, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Chicano/Latino Studies, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Amy J Schulz
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cindy Gamboa
- Detroit Hispanic Development Corporation, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Angela Reyes
- Detroit Hispanic Development Corporation, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Edna Viruell-Fuentes
- Department of Latina/o Studies, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (Deceased), Urbana- Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Barbara A Israel
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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3
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Lorenzo-Blanco EI, Henriquez KL, Stein GL. Intermediary processes in Hispanic/Latinx/o youths' coping responses to cultural stressors. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2024. [PMID: 38853361 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Cultural stressors related to racism, xenophobia, and navigating bicultural contexts can compromise the healthy development of Hispanic/Latinx/o (H/L) youth. Youth' coping can minimize the adverse impact of this stress. Less is known about the intermediary processes related to youths' cultural stressor experiences and coping responses. We analyzed focus group data from H/L youth (N = 45; 50% girls; 0% nonbinary; Mage = 15.3) to hear their voices on how they interpret, react to, are impacted by and cope with cultural stressors. Using a Grounded Theory approach, we constructed four themes of intermediary processes (e.g., meaning making) and four themes of coping (e.g., distancing oneself). Youth actively processed their experiences, which informed their coping choices, pointing to youths' agency and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elma I Lorenzo-Blanco
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Kimberly L Henriquez
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Gabriela Livas Stein
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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4
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Abularrage TF, Wurtz HM, Samari G. Responding to structural inequities: Coping strategies among immigrant women during COVID-19. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2024; 5:100293. [PMID: 38910842 PMCID: PMC11192517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2023.100293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Examining coping strategies and resilience among immigrant communities reflects a commitment to working with immigrant communities to understand their needs while also identifying and building upon their strengths. In the United States, the physical, emotional, and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic intersected with existing structural inequities to produce distinct challenges and stressors related to the pandemic, immigration, caregiving responsibilities, and structural xenophobia. Leveraging an understanding of the multilevel effects of stress, this qualitative study explores individual, interpersonal, and community-level coping strategies immigrant women used to respond to, alleviate, or reduce distress related to these compounding stressors. Using semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted in 2020 and 2021 with 44 first- and second-generation cisgender immigrant women from different national origins and 19 direct service providers serving immigrant communities in New York City, data were coded and analyzed using a constant comparative approach. Four central themes were identified: caregiving as a source of strength, leveraging resources, social connections, and community support. While women described a range of coping strategies they used to manage stressors and challenges, perspectives from direct service providers also connect these coping strategies to the harm-generating institutions, policies, and structures that produce and uphold structural oppression and inequities. Accounts from service providers point to the detrimental long-term effects of prolonged coping, underscoring a duality between resilience and vulnerability. Exploring the coping strategies cisgender immigrant women used to ease distress and promote resilience during a period of heightened structural vulnerability is critical to centering the experiences of immigrant women while simultaneously directing attention towards addressing the fundamental causes of cumulative disadvantage and the systems and structures through which it is transmitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara F. Abularrage
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heather M. Wurtz
- Anthropology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Research Program on Global Health & Human Rights, Human Rights Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Goleen Samari
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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5
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Sanchez D, Carlos Chavez FL, Capielo Rosario C, Torres L, Webb L, Stoto I. Racial Differences in Discrimination, Coping Strategies, and Mental Health Among US Latinx Adolescents During COVID-19. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2024; 53:114-128. [PMID: 38270572 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2024.2301762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We explored racial differences in discrimination, perceived inequality, coping strategies, and mental health among 869 Latinx adolescents (Mage = 15.08) in the US. We then examined the moderating effects of race and perceived inequality in the associations between discrimination and coping strategies, and between discrimination and mental health. METHOD ANOVAs assessed group differences in the study variables based on race. Moderated regression analyses examined whether there was a 2 or 3-way interaction between race, perceived inequality, and discrimination on coping strategies and mental health as separate outcomes. RESULTS Black Latinx adolescents reported significantly higher rates of discrimination and perceived inequality than White and Other Race Latinx adolescents. Biracial Latinx adolescents reported higher rates of discrimination and poorer mental health than White Latinx adolescents. There was a significant 2-way interaction between discrimination and perceived inequality for engaged and disengaged coping. Discrimination was positively associated with engaged coping for low levels but not medium and high levels of perceived inequality. Discrimination was positively related to disengaged coping at medium and high levels of perceived inequality but not at low levels of perceived inequality. There was a significant 2-way interaction between discrimination and race for engaged and disengaged coping. Discrimination was negatively related to engaged coping for Black Latinx but not White Latinx adolescents. Discrimination was positively correlated to disengaged coping for Black Latinx but not Other Race Latinx adolescents. CONCLUSIONS This research provides preliminary evidence of racial group differences among Latinx adolescents regarding various indicators of mental health, which may help inform mental health interventions and federal policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delida Sanchez
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Lindsey Webb
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Isabella Stoto
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland
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6
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Killoren SE, Roos J, Bordere T, Randall AK, Rivero Rodriguez A, Alfaro EC, Campione-Barr N, Jones SK. Perceived discrimination and Latina college students' depressive symptoms: The roles of dyadic coping with sisters and familism values. FAMILY PROCESS 2023; 62:1176-1195. [PMID: 36175080 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Latinx young adults' experiences of discrimination are associated with high levels of depressive symptoms and examining protective factors that buffer the negative consequences of discrimination is important. In a sample of 195 Latina college students, predominately of Mexican origin, we examined associations between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms, and how sisters' dyadic coping behaviors and familism values moderated this association. We conducted hierarchical regression analyses to test our study hypotheses. We found that Latina college students who were older sisters reported more conflictual and antagonistic sibling relationships, or who perceived higher levels of discrimination also reported the most depressive symptoms, which supports prior research. Importantly, Latina college students who strongly endorsed supportive, obligatory, and referent familism values reported fewer depressive symptoms. Supportive familism values weakened the association between perceived discrimination and Latina college students' depressive symptoms but strengthened associations between sisters' negative dyadic coping behaviors and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, sisters' negative dyadic coping behaviors strengthened the positive association between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms. Our findings highlight the importance of familism values for Latinx young adults' well-being, as well as the harmful effects of perceived discrimination, particularly in the context of sisters' negative dyadic coping behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Killoren
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Joy Roos
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Tashel Bordere
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ashley K Randall
- Department of Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Avelina Rivero Rodriguez
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Edna C Alfaro
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Nicole Campione-Barr
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Samantha K Jones
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
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7
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Stein GL, Christophe NK, Castro-Schilo L, Gomez Alvarado C, Robins R. Longitudinal links between maternal cultural socialization, peer ethnic-racial discrimination, and ethnic-racial pride in Mexican American youth. Child Dev 2023; 94:752-767. [PMID: 36805956 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper used cross-lagged panel models to test the longitudinal interplay between maternal cultural socialization, peer ethnic-racial discrimination, and ethnic-racial pride across 5th to 11th grade among Mexican American youth (N = 674, Mage = 10.86; 72% born in the United States; 50% girls; Wave 1 collected 2006-2008). Maternal cultural socialization predicted increases in subsequent youth ethnic-racial pride, and youth ethnic-racial pride prompted greater maternal cultural socialization. However, peer ethnic-racial discrimination was associated with subsequent decreases in ethnic-racial pride. The magnitude of these associations was consistent across 5th to 11th grades suggesting that maternal cultural socialization messages are necessary to maintain ethnic-racial pride across adolescence, thus families must continually support the development of ethnic-racial pride in their youth to counter the effects of discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N Keita Christophe
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Richard Robins
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
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8
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Stephen JM, Zoucha R, Cazzell M, Devido J. Cultural care needs of Spanish speaking parents with limited English proficiency whose children are hospitalized: An ethnonursing study. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 69:62-70. [PMID: 36669293 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parents' inability to speak English proficiently is associated with communication barriers in the care process of their children, social determinants of health, and poor child health outcomes. Research exploring perspectives of Spanish speaking parents with limited English proficiency (SSP-LEP) whose children are hospitalized in the context of culture is lacking in the literature. The purpose of this study was to explore the cultural experiences, values, and beliefs of SSP-LEP, of Mexican origin, whose children were hospitalized and to understand nurses' roles in providing culturally congruent care. DESIGN AND METHODS Leininger's qualitative, ethnonursing method was used for this study. The Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality provided a guiding framework. Eleven SSP-LEP, of Mexican origin, participated in interviews conducted in-person and via Zoom. Data was analyzed using Leininger's four phases of qualitative analysis. RESULTS Three themes emerged: 1. role of the mother as an ever-present manager of care for the hospitalized child and family, 2. parents' difficult, fearful, stressful, and unknowing experiences in the presence of a language barrier, and 3. expected nursing care that was kind, respectful, compassionate, and attentive. CONCLUSIONS Lack of knowledge creates hardships for parents who desire to be involved, informed caregivers. Communication in Spanish language is integral to parents' understanding and expected nursing care. SSP-LEP may have negative feelings; yet describe a positive care experience. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Culturally congruent care should incorporate language services for information sharing that facilitates parent participation and decision-making; be kind, respectful, compassionate, and attentive; and promote maternal role maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rick Zoucha
- Advanced Role and PhD Programs, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, 527 Fisher Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15202, USA.
| | - Mary Cazzell
- Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice, Cook Children's Medical Center, 801 Seventh Avenue, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA.
| | - Jessica Devido
- Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, 519 Fisher Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15202, USA.
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9
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Martin Romero MY, Stein GL. Invisible targets: Conceptualizing U.S. Latine youth's exposure to family‐level vicarious racism. CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 2022; 17:18-24. [PMID: 37082723 PMCID: PMC10108298 DOI: 10.1111/cdep.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vicarious exposure to discrimination can result in multiple negative outcomes in youth. In this article, we offer a conceptual model that articulates the intersecting contextual factors and potential moderators for U.S. Latine youth's exposure to family-level vicarious racism, and explore how that affects youth and family responses. We define and describe youth's exposure to family-level vicarious racism, considering the ramifications of these experiences through family processes and cultural values. We conclude by arguing that research on discrimination and racism in Latine families needs to account for family-level processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y. Martin Romero
- Department of Public Health Education University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro North Carolina USA
| | - Gabriela L. Stein
- Department of Psychology University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro North Carolina USA
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10
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Stein GL, Jensen M, Christophe NK, Cruz RA, Martin Romero M, Robins R. Shift and Persist in Mexican American Youth: A Longitudinal Test of Depressive Symptoms. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2022; 32:1433-1451. [PMID: 35037333 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper tested whether shift-&-persist coping, or coping involving the combination of cognitive reappraisal, acceptance, and optimism (Chen & Miller, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2012, 7, 135), attenuates the risks presented by economic hardship and ethnic discrimination for change in depressive symptoms from 9th to 12th grade, in a sample of 674 Mexican American youth (Mage W1 = 10.86; 50% female; 72% US born) and whether this effect depends on ethnic pride. Structural equation modeling indicated that, when accounting for economic hardship, shift-&-persist was associated with fewer concurrent depression symptoms. Youth with lower ethnic pride who endorsed high levels of shift-&-persist were protected against the negative impacts of peer ethnic discrimination on depressive symptoms. Future research on ethnic discrimination should examine patterns of coping and identity that can mitigate risk.
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11
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Su-Russell C, Finan LJ. Siblings as ethnic-racial socialization agents: A call for research. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2022; 2022:91-105. [PMID: 35921501 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Research illustrating the adverse impact of discrimination and the increasing ethnic and racial diversity in the United States has resulted in a substantial body of work examining risk and protective factors for marginalized and ethnic and racial minority individuals. One factor that has received considerable attention over the past several decades is ethnic-racial socialization (ERS). Extant empirical research on ERS has heavily focused on parents, especially mothers, as socialization agents. What is noticeably missing from this literature is the potentially important roles of siblings as salient ERS agents. After briefly illustrating the focus of past research on parents as ERS agents, we review the theoretical justification for studying siblings in the ERS process and the very limited research on siblings' role in ERS-related processes. We close with a discussion of the important considerations for future researchers investigating sibling ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Su-Russell
- Human Development and Family Science, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
| | - Laura J Finan
- Psychology, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
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12
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López Hernández G. "We Understand You Hate Us": Latinx Immigrant-Origin Adolescents' Coping with Social Exclusion. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2022; 32:533-551. [PMID: 35470539 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Little research has focused on how adolescents are faring with the national context of exclusion. Growing evidence suggests that exclusionary efforts signal messages of who belongs (and who does not) in the United States. This study draws from a risk and resilience model to understand how Latinx immigrant-origin adolescents react and adapt to social exclusion. A total of 41 adolescents between the ages of 13 to 24 (Mage = 18.85) completed a semistructured interview. Results revealed participants' use of avoidant and active coping strategies to deal with exclusion. There was a shift in coping responses across developmental stages. Future research and recommendations are provided to address systems that need to be dismantled to foster a sense of belonging for adolescents.
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13
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Londoño T, Gulbas LE, Zayas LH. Sibling relationships among U.S. citizen children of undocumented Mexican parents. FAMILY PROCESS 2022; 61:873-889. [PMID: 34189734 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Current U.S. immigration policies disproportionately impact Mexican-origin mixed-status families, yet few studies examine the consequences of immigration enforcement (e.g., immigration-related arrest and detention) and deportation on sibling dynamics. Given this gap, this study focuses on the experiences and changes within sibling relationships in the aftermath of parental detention and deportation. We analyzed a subsample of 20 citizen children interviews (7 sibling dyads; 2 sibling triads) from a multi-site binational study that examined the psychosocial functioning of U.S. citizen children with undocumented Mexican parents. Using inductive thematic analysis, we explored the roles and functional importance of sibling relationships before and after experiences of parents' detention and deportation. Our findings suggest that prior to detention or deportation experiences, sibling relationships were described as "normal." After these experiences, however, sibling relationships changed and developed protective adaptations, including more open communication about their experiences and the assumption of caregiving roles. In cases where deportation did not occur, there still existed the threat of future immigration-related action, which contributed to fear and an inability to share feelings and experiences among siblings. Our findings suggest that sibling relationships might serve as an important locus of stability and protection. Yet, adaptive communication may not emerge as long as the threat of apprehension, detention, and deportation exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Londoño
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Lauren E Gulbas
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Luis H Zayas
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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14
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Martínez AD, Mercado E, Barbieri M, Kim SY, Granger DA. The Importance of Biobehavioral Research to Examine the Physiological Effects of Racial and Ethnic Discrimination in the Latinx Population. Front Public Health 2022; 9:762735. [PMID: 35083188 PMCID: PMC8784784 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.762735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research is documenting how racial and ethnic populations embody social inequalities throughout the life course. Some scholars recommend the integration of biospecimens representing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neurological and endocrinological processes, and inflammation to capture the embodiment of inequality. However, in comparison to other racial and ethnic groups, there has been little research examining how Hispanic/Latinx persons embody racial and ethnic discrimination, much less resulting from institutional and structural racism. We provide a rationale for expanding biobehavioral research examining the physiological consequences of racism among Latinx persons. We identify gaps and make recommendations for a future research agenda in which biobehavioral research can expand knowledge about chronic disease inequities among Latinx populations and inform behavioral and institutional interventions. We end by cautioning readers to approach the recommendations in this article as a call to expand the embodiment of racism research to include the diverse Latinx population as the United States addresses racial inequity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airín D. Martínez
- Department of Health Promotion and Policy, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Evelyn Mercado
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Marielena Barbieri
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Su Yeong Kim
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Douglas A. Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, School of Nursing, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Saliva Bioscience Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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15
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Kiang L, Martin Romero MY, Coard SI, Gonzalez LG, Stein GL. “We’re All Equal” But Not Really: Perceptions of Racial Inequity Among Racial-Ethnic Minoritized Youth in the U.S. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/07435584211062113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Racial-ethnic inequity is deeply entrenched in U.S. social systems, yet adolescents’ voices and understanding around inequity are not often directly examined. The current qualitative study uses focus group data from African American ( n = 21), Chinese- ( n = 17), Indian- ( n = 13), and Mexican- ( n = 17) origin adolescents ( Mage = 12.93 years; SD = 1.23; 51% boys) to provide insight on how youth navigate their attitudes and beliefs about these issues. Using a racial-ethnic socialization lens, we explore proximal (e.g., parents, peers, teachers) and distal (e.g., media, society) ways in which adolescents come to understand racial-ethnic inequity. Three themes characterized adolescents’ discussions. School diversity, of peers and of thought, and messages around egalitarianism were two prominent influences on their perceptions. A third theme related to perceptions of social hierarchies, which appeared to be shaped by stereotypes, peer interactions, and ideas about inequity itself. Emergent themes suggest that the school context is a particularly salient social setting that encompasses multiple sources of socialization (e.g., teachers, classmates, academics, climate), and parents, peers, and the media also play prominent roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kiang
- Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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