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Moons P, Van Bulck L, Daelman B, Luyckx K. Mental health in adult congenital heart disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcchd.2023.100455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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2
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Predictors of domain-specific and global life satisfaction across the first half of life: which domains of life satisfaction are the most important for global life satisfaction? CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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3
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Ross S. Aging with congenital heart disease: are we satisfied with life or simply enjoying ‘low-bar syndrome’? Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2022; 22:e32. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvac110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shelagh Ross
- Global Alliance for Rheumatic & Congenital Hearts (Global ARCH) , Victoria, BC , Canada
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Kim AJ, Sherry SB, Nealis LJ, Mushquash A, Lee-Baggley D, Stewart SH. Do symptoms of depression and anxiety contribute to heavy episodic drinking? A 3-wave longitudinal study of adult community members. Addict Behav 2022; 130:107295. [PMID: 35231843 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heavy episodic drinking (or binge drinking) is a significant public health concern. Self-medication using alcohol is often thought to explain the co-occurrence of heavy episodic drinking with depression and anxiety. Yet, there is little longitudinal work examining both depressive and anxiety symptoms and how they are independently related to heavy episodic drinking in adult community samples. To this end, we invited adult community members (N = 102) to come to the lab to complete validated measures of depressive symptoms (composite of CES-D-SF, SCL-90-D, and DASS-21-D), anxiety symptoms (DASS-21-A), and heavy episodic drinking (composite of frequency, severity, and perceptions) at baseline, and again three and six months later. Using a three-wave cross-lagged panel model, we tested reciprocal relations between heavy episodic drinking and each internalizing symptom. We found strong temporal stability in our study variables. Depressive symptoms were associated with increases in heavy episodic drinking, and anxiety symptoms were associated with decreases in heavy episodic drinking. In contrast, heavy episodic drinking did not predict either internalizing symptom over time. Results are consistent with the notion that individuals with greater depressive symptoms use alcohol to self-medicate, and that anxiety symptoms (particularly autonomic arousal) may be potentially protective against future heavy episodic drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy J Kim
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Simon B Sherry
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, B3H 2E2, Canada.
| | - Logan J Nealis
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | | | - Dayna Lee-Baggley
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Sherry H Stewart
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, B3H 2E2, Canada.
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Boaz M, Navarro DA, Raz O, Kaufman-Shriqui V. Dietary Changes and Anxiety during the Coronavirus Pandemic: Differences between the Sexes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124193. [PMID: 34959744 PMCID: PMC8703590 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has been associated with both increased anxiety, deterioration in diet and weight gain. These associations may differ by sex. The present report examines differences by sex in diet quality in order to determine whether associations between diet and psychological stress during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic differed by sex. This online study is available internationally in seven languages. The Mediterranean Diet Score was used to measure diet quality, while the General Anxiety Disorder 7-point scale (GAD-7) was used to measure anxiety. Findings were compared by self-reported sex (male vs. female). A total of 3797 respondents provided informed consent and met eligibility criteria, of whom 526 women were omitted due to being pregnant or six months or less post-partum, or due to reproductive status not being reported. Thus, 3271 individuals are included in the present report, of whom 71.2% were women. The median age of women was 30 (interquartile range (IQR) = 16) years vs. 31 (IQR = 19) years, p = 0.079. The median diet quality score was 9 (IQ = 3) in both women and men (p = 0.75). Despite the overall similarity in diet score, several components of the score differed significantly by sex. Women reported consuming significantly more olive oil, daily servings of vegetables, and weekly servings of sweet baked goods. Men reported consuming significantly more sweetened/carbonated drinks, red meat, alcohol, legumes, and hummus/tahini. Women reported a GAD-7 score of 6 (IQR = 8), while men reported 3 (6), p < 0.001. An inverse association was detected between the Mediterranean diet score and the GAD-7 score in both women (rho = −0.166, p < 0.001) and men (rho = −0.154, p < 0.001), and the correlation coefficients did not differ by sex (p = 0.76). Mediterranean diet score and age both reduced the odds of elevated anxiety (GAD-7 ≥ 10), while female sex, deterioration of diet quality during the outbreak, unemployment, and completing the survey in English increased the odds of this outcome. During the COVID-19 lockdowns, overall diet quality did not differ by sex; however, some differences by sex in components of the total score were detected. Moderate to severe anxiety was positively associated with female sex and poorer diet quality even after controlling for age, employment status, and the language in which the survey was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Boaz
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (D.A.N.); (O.R.); (V.K.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-50-212-9666
| | - Daniela Abigail Navarro
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (D.A.N.); (O.R.); (V.K.-S.)
| | - Olga Raz
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (D.A.N.); (O.R.); (V.K.-S.)
| | - Vered Kaufman-Shriqui
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (D.A.N.); (O.R.); (V.K.-S.)
- Centre for Urban Health Solutions (C-UHS), St. Michael’s Hospital, 209 Victoria St., Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
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6
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Bhuiyan N, Linden-Carmichael AN, Lanza ST, Schmitz KH, Mama SK. Age-varying associations between physical activity and psychological outcomes among rural cancer survivors. J Behav Med 2021; 44:484-491. [PMID: 33047213 PMCID: PMC8039059 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-020-00187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We examined the prevalence of psychological outcomes (i.e., symptoms of depression and anxiety) by age and age-varying associations between physical activity and psychological outcomes among rural cancer survivors. Participants (N = 219; ages 22-93) completed sociodemographic, psychological, and physical activity questionnaires. Time-varying effect models estimated the prevalence of psychological outcomes and assessed associations between physical activity and psychological outcomes as a flexible function of age. Depression and anxiety symptoms decreased with age among cancer survivors aged 22-40 years and were relatively stable across age among those > 40 years. Positive associations between vigorous physical activity and psychological outcomes in those aged 22-40 years were identified. In those > 70-80 years, there were negative associations between vigorous physical activity and psychological outcomes. Results suggest there is variation across age in the associations between physical activity and psychological outcomes among rural survivors. Future research should further explore these age-varying relationships to identify important intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishat Bhuiyan
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, 23B Recreation Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Ashley N Linden-Carmichael
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie T Lanza
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn H Schmitz
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Scherezade K Mama
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, 23B Recreation Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, USA
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Zainal NH, Newman MG. Depression and executive functioning bidirectionally impair one another across 9 years: Evidence from within-person latent change and cross-lagged models. Eur Psychiatry 2021; 64:e43. [PMID: 34134796 PMCID: PMC8278253 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scar and vulnerability models assert that increased psychopathology may predict subsequent executive functioning (EF) deficits (and vice versa) over protracted timescales, yet most prior work on this topic has been cross-sectional. Thus, we tested the within- and between-person relations between EF, depression, and anxiety. METHODS Older adult participants (n = 856) were assessed across four waves, approximately 2 years apart. Performance-based EF and caregiver-rated symptom measures were administered. Bivariate latent change score and random-intercept cross-lagged panel models were conducted. RESULTS Within persons, random-intercept cross-lagged panel models revealed that prior greater depression forecasted lower subsequent EF, and vice versa (d = -0.292 vs. -0.292). Bivariate dual latent change score models showed that within-person rise in depression predicted EF decreases, and vice versa (d = -0.245 vs. -0.245). No within-person, cross-lagged, EF-anxiety relations emerged. Further, significant negative between-person EF-symptom relations were observed (d = -0.264 to -0.395). CONCLUSION Prospective, within-person findings offer some evidence for developmental scar and vulnerability models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hani Zainal
- National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge Campus, Singapore
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8
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Dietary changes and anxiety during the coronavirus pandemic: a multinational survey. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 76:84-92. [PMID: 33742156 PMCID: PMC7976683 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00897-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background/objectives The 2020 global coronavirus pandemic is characterized by increased anxiety. Anxiety has been associated with poor diet quality and weight gain, which may lead to obesity, a risk factor for adverse COVID-19 outcomes. The present study was designed to examine associations between diet quality and anxiety levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Subjects/methods This cross-sectional, international online study was conducted between March 30 and April 25, 2020 and available in seven languages: Arabic (7.6%), English (43.7%), French (0.8%), Hebrew (42.1%), Italian (3%), Russian (1.1%), and Spanish (1.6%). Diet quality was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Score (possible range: 0–17 points) and anxiety scored using the General Anxiety Disorder 7-point scale (GAD-7). The Google Survey platform was used to conduct the survey. Results A total of 3797 persons were included in the present analysis. More than 75% of respondents were female; most completed the survey in English or Hebrew. Median age was 31 (IQ = 18) years. Almost 60% indicated that their pre-pandemic diet was healthier than their current diet. The median Mediterranean diet score was 9 (IQ = 3). The majority (54%) of participants reported at least mild anxiety, while 25% reported moderate anxiety or more severe. In a logistic regression model of at least moderate anxiety, Mediterranean diet score (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.89–0.95, p < 0.0001) reduced odds of elevated anxiety, even after controlling for age, sex and other variables. Conclusions Though causality cannot be inferred, associations between diet quality and anxiety might suggest public health interventions including diet and stress control during future mass lockdowns.
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Nas Z, Zavos HMS, Sumathipala A, Jayaweera K, Siribaddana S, Hotopf M, Rijsdijk FV. Associations Between Anxiety Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Population-Based Twin Study in Sri Lanka. Behav Genet 2021; 51:394-404. [PMID: 33604755 PMCID: PMC8225527 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-021-10051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety not only concerns mental wellbeing but also negatively impacts other areas of health. Yet, there is limited research on (a) the genetic and environmental aetiology of such relationships; (b) sex differences in aetiology and (c) non-European samples. In this study, we investigated the genetic and environmental variation and covariation of anxiety symptoms and eight components of health-related quality of life (QoL), as measured by the short form health survey (SF-36), using genetic twin model fitting analysis. Data was drawn from the Colombo Twin and Singleton Study (COTASS), a population-based sample in Sri Lanka with data on twins (N = 2921) and singletons (N = 1027). Individual differences in anxiety and QoL traits showed more shared environmental (family) effects in women. Men did not show familial effects. Anxiety negatively correlated with all eight components of QoL, mostly driven by overlapping unique (individual-specific) environmental effects in both sexes and overlapping shared environmental effects in women. This is the first study in a South Asian population supporting the association between poor mental health and reduced QoL, highlighting the value of integrated healthcare services. Associations were largely environmental, on both individual and family levels, which could be informative for therapy and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Nas
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Helena M S Zavos
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Athula Sumathipala
- Institute for Research and Development, Colombo, Sri Lanka.,Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | | | - Sisira Siribaddana
- Faculty of Medicine & Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Psychological Medicine Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Frühling V Rijsdijk
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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McCleskey J, Gruda D. Risk-taking, resilience, and state anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: A coming of (old) age story. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Abstract
This study examined age trends in anxious and depressive symptoms, from older adolescence to old age, and explored the association between anxious and depressive symptoms with gender, ASD severity, and socio-economic factors. Two hundred and fifty-five individuals with ASD (151 males, Mage = 33.52 years, SDage = 14.98) took part. More than one-third of participants reported clinically significant anxiety (38.4%) or depression (38%). A slight trend for an increase in the severity of both anxiety and depression from adolescence to middle adulthood, and then a slight decline in older adulthood was found. Female gender and higher ASD severity predicted more anxiety and depression symptoms. Our findings emphasise the need to provide timely assessment and treatment of anxiety and depression in ASD.
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12
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Nas Z, Riese H, van Roon AM, Rijsdijk FV. Higher Anxiety Is Associated with Lower Cardiovascular Autonomic Function in Female Twins. Twin Res Hum Genet 2020; 23:156-164. [PMID: 32539904 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2020.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety symptoms co-occur with cardiovascular health problems, with increasing evidence suggesting the role of autonomic dysfunction. Yet, there is limited behavior genetic research on underlying mechanisms. In this twin study, we investigated the phenotypic, genetic and environmental associations between a latent anxiety factor and three cardiovascular autonomic function factors: interbeat interval (IBI, time between heart beats), heart rate variability (HRV, overall fluctuation of heart-beat intervals) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS, efficiency in regulating blood pressure [BP]). Multivariate twin models were fit using data of female twins (N = 250) of the Twin Interdisciplinary Neuroticism Study (TWINS). A significant negative association was identified between latent anxiety and BRS factors (r = -.24, 95% CI [-.40, -.07]). Findings suggest that this relationship was mostly explained by correlated shared environmental influences, and there was no evidence for pleiotropic genetic or unique environmental effects. We also identified negative relationships between anxiety symptoms and HRV (r = -.17, 95% CI [-.34, .00]) and IBI factors (r = -.13, 95% CI [-.29, .04]), though these associations did not reach statistical significance. Findings implicate that higher anxiety scores are associated with decreased efficiency in short-term BP regulation, providing support for autonomic dysfunction with anxiety symptomatology. The baroreflex system may be a key mechanism underlying the anxiety-cardiovascular health relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Nas
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Harriëtte Riese
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arie M van Roon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frühling V Rijsdijk
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan W Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass
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Ding X, Barban N, Tropf FC, Mills MC. The relationship between cognitive decline and a genetic predictor of educational attainment. Soc Sci Med 2019; 239:112549. [PMID: 31546143 PMCID: PMC6873779 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors both make substantial contributions to the heterogeneity in individuals' levels of cognitive ability. Many studies have examined the relationship between educational attainment and cognitive performance and its rate of change. Yet there remains a gap in knowledge regarding whether the effect of genetic predictors on individual differences in cognition becomes more or less prominent over the life course. In this analysis of over 5000 older adults from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) in the U.S., we measured the change in performance on global cognition, episodic memory, attention & concentration, and mental status over 14 years. Growth curve models are used to evaluate the association between a polygenic risk score for education (education PGS) and cognitive change. Using the most recent education PGS, we find that individuals with higher scores perform better across all measures of cognition in later life. Education PGS is associated with a faster decline in episodic memory in old age. The relationships are robust even after controlling for phenotypic educational attainment, and are unlikely to be driven by mortality bias. Future research should consider genetic effects when examining non-genetic factors in cognitive decline. Our findings represent a need to understand the mechanisms between genetic endowment of educational attainment and cognitive decline from a biological angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Ding
- Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, UK; Nuffield College, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Nicola Barban
- Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER), University of Essex, UK
| | - Felix C Tropf
- Center for Research in economics an Statistics (CREST), École Nationale de la Statistique et de L'administration Économique (ENSAE), France
| | - Melinda C Mills
- Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, UK; Nuffield College, University of Oxford, UK; Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, University of Oxford, UK
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Schmank CJ, James LE. Adults of all ages experience increased tip-of-the-tongue states under ostensible evaluative observation. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2019; 27:517-531. [PMID: 31294648 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2019.1641177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In previous research, young adults who were told they were being observed and evaluated reported more tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) instances than those who were not. We first tested whether the same effect is obtained for older adult participants, and then compared the effects of ostensible evaluative observation on word retrieval for adults across the lifespan. Participants in the observed condition were told they were being evaluated throughout the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) procedure and a word retrieval task, whereas participants in the unobserved condition performed similar tasks with no mention of observation or evaluation. In Experiment 1, older adult participants in the observed condition experienced more TOTs than those in the unobserved condition. In Experiment 2, observation increased TOTs to a similar extent for adults ages 18-80, replicating earlier findings with young adults and Experiment 1. Observation can impair cognitive performance similarly for adults of a wide range of ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Schmank
- Psychology Department, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Lori E James
- Psychology Department, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
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16
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Hellwig S, Domschke K. Anxiety in Late Life: An Update on Pathomechanisms. Gerontology 2019; 65:465-473. [DOI: 10.1159/000500306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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17
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Shafto MA, James LE, Abrams L, CAN C. Age-related changes in word retrieval vary by self-reported anxiety but not depression symptoms. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2018; 26:767-780. [DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2018.1527284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A. Shafto
- Centre for Speech, Language and the Brain, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lori E. James
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Lise Abrams
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Cam- CAN
- Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN), University of Cambridge and MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
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18
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Laukka EJ, Dykiert D, Allerhand M, Starr JM, Deary IJ. Effects of between-person differences and within-person changes in symptoms of anxiety and depression on older age cognitive performance. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1350-1358. [PMID: 29039283 PMCID: PMC6088541 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are both important correlates of cognitive function. However, longitudinal studies investigating how they covary with cognition within the same individual are scarce. We aimed to simultaneously estimate associations of between-person differences and within-person variability in anxiety and depression with cognitive performance in a sample of non-demented older people. METHODS Participants in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921 study, a population-based narrow-age sample (mean age at wave 1 = 79 years, n = 535), were examined on five occasions across 13 years. Anxiety and depression were measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and cognitive performance was assessed with tests of reasoning, logical memory, and letter fluency. Data were analyzed using two-level linear mixed-effects models with within-person centering. RESULTS Divergent patterns were observed for anxiety and depression. For anxiety, between-person differences were more influential; people who scored higher on HADS anxiety relative to other same-aged individuals demonstrated poorer cognitive performance on average. For depression, on the other hand, time-varying within-person differences were more important; scoring higher than usual on HADS depression was associated with poorer cognitive performance relative to the average level for that participant. Adjusting for gender, childhood mental ability, emotional stability, and disease burden attenuated these associations. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study highlight the importance of addressing both between- and within-person effects of negative mood and suggest that anxiety and depression affect cognitive function in different ways. The current findings have implications for assessment and treatment of older age cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. J. Laukka
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS), Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D. Dykiert
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M. Allerhand
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J. M. Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Geriatric Medicine Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - I. J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Zannas AS. Gene-environment Interactions in Late Life: Linking Psychosocial Stress with Brain Aging. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:327-333. [PMID: 29119927 PMCID: PMC5843983 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666171109121452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene-environment interactions (GxE) can have lasting consequences on brain structure and function, potentially contributing to diverse neuropsychiatric phenotypes. This has been extensively demonstrated by studies examining GxE in childhood and early adulthood, whereas much fewer studies have addressed this question in late life. The relative paucity of studies examining GxE in late life may stem from the working hypothesis that brains become less malleable to environmental inputs as life progresses. However, while some components of brain plasticity decline with increasing age, others are retained and may even become more pronounced in old ages. Moreover, the micro- and macro-structural brain changes that accrue as a result of aging-related morbidities are likely to accentuate the susceptibility of neural circuits to environmental stressors as life advances. Supporting this hypothesis, psychosocial stress can increase the risk for late-life neuropsychiatric syndromes, especially when afflicting genetically predisposed individuals. This article reviews evidence showing how gene-stress interactions can impact the aging brain and related phenotypes in late life, and it discusses the potential mechanisms underlying such GxE and their implications for the prevention and treatment of late-life neuropsychiatric syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S. Zannas
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, Munich, 80804, Germany; Tel: +498930622567; E-mail:
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