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Nasser NJ, Nevo E, Avivi A. Splice Variant of Spalax Heparanase Skipping Exon 12. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1039. [PMID: 39202399 PMCID: PMC11353719 DOI: 10.3390/genes15081039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The subterranean blind mole rat, Spalax, has evolved significantly over 47 million years to thrive in its underground habitat. A key enzyme in this adaptation is heparanase, which degrades heparan sulfate (HS) in the extracellular matrix (ECM), facilitating angiogenesis and releasing growth factors for endothelial cells. Spalax heparanase has various splice variants influencing tumor growth and metastasis differently. We report a novel splice variant from a hypoxia-exposed kidney sample resulting from exon 12 skipping. This variant maintains the translation frame but lacks enzymatic activity, offering insights into Spalax's unique adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J. Nasser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, Queens, NY 11373, USA
- The Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Eviatar Nevo
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Abba Khoushy Ave. 199, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
| | - Aaron Avivi
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Abba Khoushy Ave. 199, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
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2
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Towner RA, Dissanayake R, Ahmed M. Clinical Advances in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment: Focus on Poly (L-lactide-coglycolide) Nanoparticles. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 390:53-64. [PMID: 38580448 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.002016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive type of breast cancer and is associated with high probability of metastasis and poor prognosis. Chemotherapeutics and surgery remain the most common options for TNBC patients; however, chemotherapeutic resistance and relapse of tumors limit the progression free survival and patient life span. This review provides an overview of recent chemotherapeutics that are in clinical trial, and the combination of drugs that are being investigated to overcome the drug resistance and to improve patient survival in different molecular subtypes of TNBCs. Nanotherapeutics have emerged as a promising platform for TNBC treatment and aim to improve the selectivity and solubility of drugs, reduce systemic side effects, and overcome multi-drug resistance. The study explores the role of nanoparticles for TNBC treatment and summarizes the types of nanoparticles that are in clinical trials. Poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) is the most studied polymeric carrier for drug delivery and for TNBC treatment in research and in clinics. This review is about providing recent advancements in PLGA nanotherapeutic formulations and their application to help treat TNBC. Some background on current chemotherapies and pathway inhibitors is provided so that the readers are aware of what is currently considered for TNBC. Some of the pathway inhibitors may also be of importance for nanotherapeutics development. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This minireview summarizes the progress on chemotherapeutics and nanoparticle delivery for treatment of TNBC and specifically highlights the lead compounds that are in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rheal A Towner
- Department of Chemistry (R.A.T., R.D., M.A.) and Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering (M.A.), University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Ranga Dissanayake
- Department of Chemistry (R.A.T., R.D., M.A.) and Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering (M.A.), University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Marya Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry (R.A.T., R.D., M.A.) and Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering (M.A.), University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
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3
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Shi J, Onuki Y, Kawanami F, Miyagawa N, Iwasaki F, Tsuda H, Takahashi K, Oku T, Suzuki M, Higashi K, Adachi H, Nishimura Y, Nakajima M, Irimura T, Higashi N. The Uptake of Heparanase into Mast Cells Is Regulated by Its Enzymatic Activity to Degrade Heparan Sulfate. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6281. [PMID: 38892469 PMCID: PMC11173065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mast cells take up extracellular latent heparanase and store it in secretory granules. The present study examined whether the enzymatic activity of heparanase regulates its uptake efficiency. Recombinant mouse heparanase mimicking both the latent and mature forms (L-Hpse and M-Hpse, respectively) was internalized into mastocytoma MST cells, peritoneal cell-derived mast cells, and bone marrow-derived mast cells. The internalized amount of L-Hpse was significantly higher than that of M-Hpse. In MST cells, L-Hpse was continuously internalized for up to 8 h, while the uptake of M-Hpse was saturated after 2 h of incubation. L-Hpse and M-Hpse are similarly bound to the MST cell surface. The expression level of cell surface heparan sulfate was reduced in MST cells incubated with M-Hpse. The internalized amount of M-Hpse into mast cells was significantly increased in the presence of heparastatin (SF4), a small molecule heparanase inhibitor that does not affect the binding of heparanase to immobilized heparin. Enzymatically quiescent M-Hpse was prepared with a point mutation at Glu335. The internalized amount of mutated M-Hpse was significantly higher than that of wild-type M-Hpse but similar to that of wild-type and mutated L-Hpse. These results suggest that the enzymatic activity of heparanase negatively regulates the mast cell-mediated uptake of heparanase, possibly via the downregulation of cell surface heparan sulfate expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (J.S.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Yoshiki Onuki
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (J.S.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Fumiya Kawanami
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (J.S.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (J.S.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Fumika Iwasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (J.S.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Haruna Tsuda
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (J.S.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Katsuhiko Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (J.S.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Teruaki Oku
- Department of Microbiology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Masato Suzuki
- Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan (K.H.)
| | - Kyohei Higashi
- Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan (K.H.)
| | - Hayamitsu Adachi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 18-24, Miyamoto, Numazu 410-0301, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Yoshio Nishimura
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku 141-0021, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Motowo Nakajima
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku 106-6019, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Tatsuro Irimura
- Division of Glycobiologics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-8421, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Nobuaki Higashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (J.S.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
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4
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Rabinowitz ZM, Somers J, Wang Z, Cui L. Chemical toolbox to interrogate Heparanase-1 activity. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 80:102452. [PMID: 38555836 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of a robust chemical toolbox to interrogate the activity of heparanase-1 (HPSE-1), an endo-β-d-glucuronidase and the only known enzyme that cleaves heparan sulfate (HS), has become critically important. The primary function of HPSE-1, cleaving HS side chains from heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), regulates the integrity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the bioavailability of active, heparan sulfate-binding partners such as enzymes, growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines. HPSE-1 enzymatic activity is strictly regulated and has been found to play fundamental roles in pathophysiological processes. HPSE-1 is significantly overexpressed under various conditions including cancer, metastasis, angiogenesis, and inflammation, making HPSE-1 a promising therapeutic and diagnostic target. Chemical tools that can detect and image HPSE-1 activity in vitro and/or in vivo can help drive the discovery of novel and efficacious anti-HPSE-1 drugs, investigate the basic biology of HPSE-1, and help serve as a diagnostic tool in clinical applications. Here, we will give an overview of the common chemical tools to detect HPSE-1 activity and highlight the novel heparanase probes recently developed in our lab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Rabinowitz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Johnathan Somers
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Zhishen Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lina Cui
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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5
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Vlodavsky I, Hilwi M, Kayal Y, Soboh S, Ilan N. Impact of heparanase-2 (Hpa2) on cancer and inflammation: Advances and paradigms. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23670. [PMID: 38747803 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400286r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
HPSE2, the gene-encoding heparanase 2 (Hpa2), is mutated in urofacial syndrome (UFS), a rare autosomal recessive congenital disease attributed to peripheral neuropathy. Hpa2 lacks intrinsic heparan sulfate (HS)-degrading activity, the hallmark of heparanase (Hpa1), yet it exhibits a high affinity toward HS, thereby inhibiting Hpa1 enzymatic activity. Hpa2 regulates selected genes that promote normal differentiation, tissue homeostasis, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, resulting in antitumor, antiangiogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Importantly, stress conditions induce the expression of Hpa2, thus establishing a feedback loop, where Hpa2 enhances ER stress which, in turn, induces Hpa2 expression. In most cases, cancer patients who retain high levels of Hpa2 survive longer than patients bearing Hpa2-low tumors. Experimentally, overexpression of Hpa2 attenuates the growth of tumor xenografts, whereas Hpa2 gene silencing results in aggressive tumors. Studies applying conditional Hpa2 knockout (cHpa2-KO) mice revealed an essential involvement of Hpa2 contributed by the host in protecting against cancer and inflammation. This was best reflected by the distorted morphology of the Hpa2-null pancreas, including massive infiltration of immune cells, acinar to adipocyte trans-differentiation, and acinar to ductal metaplasia. Moreover, orthotopic inoculation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells into the pancreas of Hpa2-null vs. wild-type mice yielded tumors that were by far more aggressive. Likewise, intravenous inoculation of cancer cells into cHpa2-KO mice resulted in a dramatically increased lung colonization reflecting the involvement of Hpa2 in restricting the formation of a premetastatic niche. Elucidating Hpa2 structure-activity-relationships is expected to support the development of Hpa2-based therapies against cancer and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maram Hilwi
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yasmin Kayal
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Soaad Soboh
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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6
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Douaisi M, Paskaleva EE, Fu L, Grover N, McManaman CL, Varghese S, Brodfuehrer PR, Gibson JM, de Joode I, Xia K, Brier MI, Simmons TJ, Datta P, Zhang F, Onishi A, Hirakane M, Mori D, Linhardt RJ, Dordick JS. Synthesis of bioengineered heparin chemically and biologically similar to porcine-derived products and convertible to low MW heparin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315586121. [PMID: 38498726 PMCID: PMC10998570 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315586121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Heparins have been invaluable therapeutic anticoagulant polysaccharides for over a century, whether used as unfractionated heparin or as low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) derivatives. However, heparin production by extraction from animal tissues presents multiple challenges, including the risk of adulteration, contamination, prion and viral impurities, limited supply, insecure supply chain, and significant batch-to-batch variability. The use of animal-derived heparin also raises ethical and religious concerns, as well as carries the risk of transmitting zoonotic diseases. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of animal-free heparin products would offer several advantages, including reliable and scalable production processes, improved purity and consistency, and the ability to produce heparin polysaccharides with molecular weight, structural, and functional properties equivalent to those of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) heparin, currently only sourced from porcine intestinal mucosa. We report a scalable process for the production of bioengineered heparin that is biologically and compositionally similar to USP heparin. This process relies on enzymes from the heparin biosynthetic pathway, immobilized on an inert support and requires a tailored N-sulfoheparosan with N-sulfo levels similar to those of porcine heparins. We also report the conversion of our bioengineered heparin into a LMWH that is biologically and compositionally similar to USP enoxaparin. Ultimately, we demonstrate major advances to a process to provide a potential clinical and sustainable alternative to porcine-derived heparin products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Douaisi
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
| | - Elena E. Paskaleva
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
| | - Li Fu
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
| | - Navdeep Grover
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
| | - Charity L. McManaman
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
| | - Sony Varghese
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
| | - Paul R. Brodfuehrer
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
| | - James M. Gibson
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
| | - Ian de Joode
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
| | - Ke Xia
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
| | - Matthew I. Brier
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
| | - Trevor J. Simmons
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
| | - Payel Datta
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
| | - Akihiro Onishi
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
| | - Makoto Hirakane
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
| | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY12180
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7
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Rabinowitz ZM, Wang Z, Liu J, Zhang Y, Ybargollin AJ, Saketkhou M, Cui L. A Fluorogenic Green Merocyanine-Based Probe to Detect Heparanase-1 Activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.25.581963. [PMID: 38464176 PMCID: PMC10925095 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.25.581963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Heparanase-1 (HPSE-1), an endo-β-D-glucuronidase, is an extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling enzyme that degrades heparan sulfate (HS) chains of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). HPSE-1 functions to remodel the ECM and thereby disseminate cells, liberate HS-bound bioactive molecules, and release biologically active HS fragments. Being the only known enzyme for the cleavage of HS, HPSE-1 regulates a number of fundamental cellular processes including cell migration, cytokine regulation, angiogenesis, and wound healing. Overexpression of HPSE-1 has been discovered in most cancers, inflammatory diseases, viral infections, among others. As an emerging therapeutic target, the biological role of HPSE-1 remains to be explored but is hampered by a lack of research tools. To expand the chemical tool-kit of fluorogenic probes to interrogate HPSE-1 activity, we design and synthesized a fluorogenic green disaccharide-based HPSE-1 probe using our design strategy of tuning the electronic effect of the aryl aglycon. The novel probe exhibits a highly sensitive 278-fold fluorescence turn-on response in the presence of recombinant human HPSE-1, while emitting green light at 560 nm, enabling the fluorescence imaging of HPSE-1 activity in cells.
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Li L, Barash U, Ilan N, Farhoud M, Zhang X, Vlodavsky I, Li JP. A New Synthesized Dicarboxylated Oxy-Heparin Efficiently Attenuates Tumor Growth and Metastasis. Cells 2024; 13:211. [PMID: 38334603 PMCID: PMC10854774 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Heparanase (Hpa1) is expressed by tumor cells and cells of the tumor microenvironment and functions to remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) and regulate the bioavailability of ECM-bound factors that support tumor growth. Heparanase expression is upregulated in human carcinomas, sarcomas, and hematological malignancies, correlating with increased tumor metastasis, vascular density, and shorter postoperative survival of cancer patients, and encouraging the development of heparanase inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs. Among these are heparin/HS mimetics, the only heparanase-inhibiting compounds that are being evaluated in clinical trials. We have synthesized dicarboxylated oxy-heparins (DCoxHs) containing three carboxylate groups per split residue (DC-Hep). The resulting lead compound (termed XII) was upscaled, characterized, and examined for its effectiveness in tumor models. Potent anti-tumorigenic effects were obtained in models of pancreatic carcinoma, breast cancer, mesothelioma, and myeloma, yielding tumor growth inhibition (TGI) values ranging from 21 to 70% and extending the survival time of the mice. Of particular significance was the inhibition of spontaneous metastasis in an orthotopic model of breast carcinoma following resection of the primary tumor. It appears that apart from inhibition of heparanase enzymatic activity, compound XII reduces the levels of heparanase protein and inhibits its cellular uptake and activation. Heparanase-dependent and -independent effects of XII are being investigated. Collectively, our pre-clinical studies with compound XII strongly justify its examination in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Shenzhen Hepalink Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China;
| | - Uri Barash
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 3525422, Israel; (U.B.); (N.I.); (M.F.)
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 3525422, Israel; (U.B.); (N.I.); (M.F.)
| | - Malik Farhoud
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 3525422, Israel; (U.B.); (N.I.); (M.F.)
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 3525422, Israel; (U.B.); (N.I.); (M.F.)
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Cao J, Chen Y. The impact of vascular endothelial glycocalyx on the pathogenesis and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2023; 34:465-470. [PMID: 37823419 PMCID: PMC10754481 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000001257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a complex disorder characterized by widespread activation of blood clotting mechanisms throughout the body. Understanding the role of vascular endothelial glycocalyx in the pathogenesis and treatment of DIC is crucial for advancing our knowledge in this field. The vascular endothelial glycocalyx is a gel-like layer that coats the inner surface of blood vessels. It plays a significant role in maintaining vascular integrity, regulating fluid balance, and preventing excessive clotting. In the pathogenesis of DIC, the disruption of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx is a key factor. Pathological conditions trigger the activation of enzymes, including heparanase, hyaluronase, and matrix metalloproteinase. This activation leads to glycocalyx degradation, subsequently exposing endothelial cells to procoagulant stimuli. Additionally, the ANGPTs/Tie-2 signaling pathway plays a role in the imbalance between the synthesis and degradation of VEG, exacerbating endothelial dysfunction and DIC. Understanding the mechanisms behind glycocalyx degradation and its impact on DIC can provide valuable insights for the development of targeted therapies. Preservation of the glycocalyx integrity may help prevent the initiation and propagation of DIC. Strategies such as administration of exogenous glycocalyx components, anticoagulant agents, or Tie-2 antibody agents have shown promising results in experimental models. In conclusion, the vascular endothelial glycocalyx plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and treatment of DIC. Further research in this field is warranted to unravel the complex interactions between the glycocalyx and DIC, ultimately leading to the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cao
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China
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10
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Sun L, Wang L, Ye KX, Wang S, Zhang R, Juan Z, Feng L, Min S. Endothelial Glycocalyx in Aging and Age-related Diseases. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1606-1617. [PMID: 37196119 PMCID: PMC10529737 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide population is aging exponentially, creating burdens to patients, their families and society. Increasing age is associated with higher risk of a wide range of chronic diseases, and aging of the vascular system is closely linked to the development of many age-related diseases. Endothelial glycocalyx is a layer of proteoglycan polymers on the surface of the inner lumen of blood vessels. It plays an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis and protecting various organ functions. Endothelial glycocalyx loss happens through the aging process and repairing the endothelial glycocalyx may alleviate the symptoms of age-related diseases. Given the important role of the glycocalyx and its regenerative properties, it is posited that the endothelial glycocalyx may be a potential therapeutic target for aging and age-related diseases and repairing endothelial glycocalyx could play a role in the promotion of healthy aging and longevity. Here, we review the composition, function, shedding, and manifestation of the endothelial glycocalyx in aging and age-related diseases, as well as regeneration of endothelial glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lingyan Wang
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Kaisy Xinhong Ye
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Shoushi Wang
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Zhaodong Juan
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Lei Feng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Su Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Pandey SP, Singh PK, Jha P, Jobby R. A turn-on fluorescence sensor for detection of heparinase with heparin templated aggregation of tetracationic porphyrin derivative. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:125934. [PMID: 37482160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Heparinase is the only mammalian endoglycosidase that breaks down the commonly used blood-anticoagulant heparin into therapeutically relevant low-molecular-weight-heparin. Importantly, heparinase has been considered a malignant disease diagnostic marker. Thus, it is essential to develop detection scheme for heparinase. However, optical methods for heparinase determination are limited. In the present work, we report a turn-on fluorescence sensor for detection of heparinase that utilizes heparin-templated aggregation of a tetra-cationic porphyrin derivative, TMPyP4+, as a sensing framework. Heparinase cleaves the glycosidic linkage between hexosamine and uronic acid in the structure of heparin to destroy its polyelectrolytic nature that originally causes the aggregation of TMPyP4+. Thus, heparinase leads to dissociation of TMPyP4+ aggregates and generates an optical signal. This system leads to a sensitive and selective response towards heparinase with a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 0.3 pmol/L. Further, the same system is demonstrated to sense a trace amount of Oversulfated Chondrootin Sulphate (OSCS) in heparin, which is a heparin adulterant, by utilizing the fact that OSCS serves as an inhibitor for heparinase activity, which leads to reverse modulation in the photo-physical features of the monomer/aggregate equilibrium of the TMPyP4+-heparin-heparinase system. The sensing mechanism has been thoroughly demonstrated by ground-state absorption, steady-state emission, and time-resolved emission measurements. The selectivity of the sensor was tested using lysozyme, α-amylase, pepsin, trypsin, lipase, and glucose oxidase in the heparinase selectivity study and the method is also validated using another method reported in the literature. The study provides a new approach for the development of optical methods for the detection of heparinase and oversulfated chondroitin sulfate, which is currently limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrishti P Pandey
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra - Mumbai - Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Panvel, Maharashtra 410206, India
| | - Prabhat K Singh
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Pamela Jha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS Deemed to be University, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Renitta Jobby
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra - Mumbai - Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Panvel, Maharashtra 410206, India; Amity Centre of Excellence in Astrobiology, Amity University Maharashtra - Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Panvel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 410206, India.
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12
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Chen TT, Lv JJ, Chen L, Li M, Liu LP. Heparanase inhibition leads to improvement in patients with acute gastrointestinal injuries induced by sepsis. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:5154-5165. [PMID: 37744293 PMCID: PMC10514756 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i35.5154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with sepsis are at high risk for acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI), but the diagnosis and treatment of AGI due to sepsis are unsatisfactory. Heparanase (HPA) plays an important role in septic AGI (S-AGI), but its specific mechanism is not completely understood, and few clinical reports are available. AIM To explore the effect and mechanism of HPA inhibition in S-AGI patients. METHODS In our prospective clinical trial, 48 patients with S-AGI were randomly assigned to a control group to receive conventional treatment, whereas 47 patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group to receive conventional treatment combined with low molecular weight heparin. AGI grade, sequential organ failure assessment score, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score, D-dimer, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), anti-Xa factor, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, HPA, syndecan-1 (SDC-1), LC3B (autophagy marker), intestinal fatty acid binding protein, D-lactate, motilin, gastrin, CD4/CD8, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, length of hospital stay and 28-d survival on the 1st, 3rd and 7th d after treatment were compared. Correlations between HPA and AGI grading as well as LC3B were compared. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the diagnostic value of HPA, intestinal fatty acid binding protein and D-lactate in S-AGI. RESULTS Serum HPA and SCD-1 levels were significantly reduced in the intervention group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, D-lactate, AGI grade, motilin, and gastrin levels and sequential organ failure assessment score were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the intervention group. However, LC3B, APTT, anti-Xa factor, and CD4/CD8 were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the intervention group. No significant differences in interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, d-dimer, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score, length of ICU stay, length of hospital stay, or 28-d survival were noted between the two groups (P > 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between HPA and LC3B and a significant positive correlation between HPA and AGI grade. ROC curve analysis showed that HPA had higher specificity and sensitivity in diagnosis of S-AGI. CONCLUSION HPA has great potential as a diagnostic marker for S-AGI. Inhibition of HPA activity reduces SDC-1 shedding and alleviates S-AGI symptoms. The inhibitory effect of HPA in gastrointestinal protection may be achieved by enhanced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jia-Jun Lv
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
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13
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Wang LJ, Feng F, Li JC, Chen TT, Liu LP. Role of heparanase in pulmonary hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1202676. [PMID: 37637421 PMCID: PMC10450954 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1202676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathophysiological condition of increased pulmonary circulation vascular resistance due to various reasons, which mainly leads to right heart dysfunction and even death, especially in critically ill patients. Although drug interventions have shown some efficacy in improving the hemodynamics of PH patients, the mortality rate remains high. Hence, the identification of new targets and treatment strategies for PH is imperative. Heparanase (HPA) is an enzyme that specifically cleaves the heparan sulfate (HS) side chains in the extracellular matrix, playing critical roles in inflammation and tumorigenesis. Recent studies have indicated a close association between HPA and PH, suggesting HPA as a potential therapeutic target. This review examines the involvement of HPA in PH pathogenesis, including its effects on endothelial cells, inflammation, and coagulation. Furthermore, HPA may serve as a biomarker for diagnosing PH, and the development of HPA inhibitors holds promise as a targeted therapy for PH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Jun Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fei Feng
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jian-Chun Li
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Departments of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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14
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Zhang Y, Cui L. Discovery and development of small-molecule heparanase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 90:117335. [PMID: 37257254 PMCID: PMC10884955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase-1 (HPSE) is a promising yet challenging therapeutic target. It is the only known enzyme that is responsible for cleavage of heparan sulfate (HS) side chains from heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), and is the key enzyme involved in the remodeling and degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Overexpression of HPSE is found in various types of diseases, including cancers, inflammations, diabetes, and viral infections. Inhibiting HPSE can restore ECM functions and integrity, making the development of HPSE inhibitors a highly sought-after topic. So far, all HPSE inhibitors that have entered clinical trials belong to the category of HS mimetics, and no small-molecule or drug-like HPSE inhibitors have made similar progress. None of the HS mimetics have been approved as drugs, with some clinical trials discontinued due to poor bioavailability, side effects, and unfavorable pharmacokinetics characteristics. Small-molecule HPSE inhibitors are, therefore, particularly appealing due to their drug-like characteristics. Advances in the chemical spaces and drug design technologies, including the increasing use of in vitro and in silico screening methods, have provided new opportunities in drug discovery. This article aims to review the discovery and development of small-molecule HPSE inhibitors via screening strategies to shed light on the future endeavors in the development of novel HPSE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhao Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lina Cui
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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15
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Vlodavsky I, Kayal Y, Hilwi M, Soboh S, Sanderson RD, Ilan N. Heparanase-A single protein with multiple enzymatic and nonenzymatic functions. PROTEOGLYCAN RESEARCH 2023; 1:e6. [PMID: 37547889 PMCID: PMC10398610 DOI: 10.1002/pgr2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase (Hpa1) is expressed by tumor cells and cells of the tumor microenvironment and functions extracellularly to remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) and regulate the bioavailability of ECM-bound factors, augmenting, among other effects, gene transcription, autophagy, exosome formation, and heparan sulfate (HS) turnover. Much of the impact of heparanase on tumor progression is related to its function in mediating tumor-host crosstalk, priming the tumor microenvironment to better support tumor growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance. The enzyme appears to fulfill some normal functions associated, for example, with vesicular traffic, lysosomal-based secretion, autophagy, HS turnover, and gene transcription. It activates cells of the innate immune system, promotes the formation of exosomes and autophagosomes, and stimulates signal transduction pathways via enzymatic and nonenzymatic activities. These effects dynamically impact multiple regulatory pathways that together drive tumor growth, dissemination, and drug resistance as well as inflammatory responses. The emerging premise is that heparanase expressed by tumor cells, immune cells, endothelial cells, and other cells of the tumor microenvironment is a key regulator of the aggressive phenotype of cancer, an important contributor to the poor outcome of cancer patients and a valid target for therapy. So far, however, antiheparanase-based therapy has not been implemented in the clinic. Unlike heparanase, heparanase-2 (Hpa2), a close homolog of heparanase (Hpa1), does not undergo proteolytic processing and hence lacks intrinsic HS-degrading activity, the hallmark of heparanase. Hpa2 retains the capacity to bind heparin/HS and exhibits an even higher affinity towards HS than heparanase, thus competing for HS binding and inhibiting heparanase enzymatic activity. It appears that Hpa2 functions as a natural inhibitor of Hpa1 regulates the expression of selected genes that maintain tissue hemostasis and normal function, and plays a protective role against cancer and inflammation, together emphasizing the significance of maintaining a proper balance between Hpa1 and Hpa2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, TechnionRappaport Faculty of MedicineHaifaIsrael
| | - Yasmin Kayal
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, TechnionRappaport Faculty of MedicineHaifaIsrael
| | - Maram Hilwi
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, TechnionRappaport Faculty of MedicineHaifaIsrael
| | - Soaad Soboh
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, TechnionRappaport Faculty of MedicineHaifaIsrael
| | - Ralph D. Sanderson
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, TechnionRappaport Faculty of MedicineHaifaIsrael
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16
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Whitefield C, Vo Y, Schwartz BD, Hepburn C, Ahmed FH, Onagi H, Banwell MG, Nelms K, Malins LR, Jackson CJ. Complex Inhibitory Mechanism of Glycomimetics with Heparanase. Biochemistry 2023. [PMID: 37368361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase (HPSE) is the only mammalian endo-β-glucuronidase known to catalyze the degradation of heparan sulfate. Dysfunction of HPSE activity has been linked to several disease states, resulting in HPSE becoming the target of numerous therapeutic programs, yet no drug has passed clinical trials to date. Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) is a heterogeneous, FDA-approved drug for the treatment of interstitial cystitis and a known HPSE inhibitor. However, due to its heterogeneity, characterization of its mechanism of HPSE inhibition is challenging. Here, we show that inhibition of HPSE by PPS is complex, involving multiple overlapping binding events, each influenced by factors such as oligosaccharide length and inhibitor-induced changes in the protein secondary structure. The present work advances our molecular understanding of the inhibition of HPSE and will aid in the development of therapeutics for the treatment of a broad range of pathologies associated with enzyme dysfunction, including cancer, inflammatory disease, and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy Whitefield
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Yen Vo
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Brett D Schwartz
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Caryn Hepburn
- Waters Australia Pty Ltd, 38-46 South Street, Rydalmere, New South Wales 2116, Australia
| | - F Hafna Ahmed
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Hideki Onagi
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Martin G Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Keats Nelms
- Beta Therapeutics Pty. Ltd. Level 6, 121 Marcus Clarke Street, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Lara R Malins
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Colin J Jackson
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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17
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Feng F, Wang LJ, Li JC, Chen TT, Liu L. Role of heparanase in ARDS through autophagy and exosome pathway (review). Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1200782. [PMID: 37361227 PMCID: PMC10285077 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1200782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most common respiratory disease in ICU. Although there are many treatment and support methods, the mortality rate is still high. The main pathological feature of ARDS is the damage of pulmonary microvascular endothelium and alveolar epithelium caused by inflammatory reaction, which may lead to coagulation system disorder and pulmonary fibrosis. Heparanase (HPA) plays an significant role in inflammation, coagulation, fibrosis. It is reported that HPA degrades a large amount of HS in ARDS, leading to the damage of endothelial glycocalyx and inflammatory factors are released in large quantities. HPA can aggrandize the release of exosomes through syndecan-syntenin-Alix pathway, leading to a series of pathological reactions; at the same time, HPA can cause abnormal expression of autophagy. Therefore, we speculate that HPA promotes the occurrence and development of ARDS through exosomes and autophagy, which leads to a large amount of release of inflammatory factors, coagulation disorder and pulmonary fibrosis. This article mainly describes the mechanism of HPA on ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Feng
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lin-Jun Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian-Chun Li
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liping Liu
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Departments of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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18
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Jayatilleke KM, Duivenvoorden HM, Ryan GF, Parker BS, Hulett MD. Investigating the Role of Heparanase in Breast Cancer Development Utilising the MMTV-PyMT Murine Model of Mammary Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15113062. [PMID: 37297024 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common human malignancy and is a major global health burden. Heparanase (HPSE) has been widely implicated in enhancing the development and progression of solid tumours, including breast cancer. In this study, the well-established spontaneous mammary tumour-developing MMTV-PyMT murine model was utilised to examine the role of HPSE in breast cancer establishment, progression, and metastasis. The use of HPSE-deficient MMTV-PyMT (MMTV-PyMTxHPSE-/-) mice addressed the lack of genetic ablation models to investigate the role of HPSE in mammary tumours. It was demonstrated that even though HPSE regulated mammary tumour angiogenesis, mammary tumour progression and metastasis were HPSE-independent. Furthermore, there was no evidence of compensatory action by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in response to the lack of HPSE expression in the mammary tumours. These findings suggest that HPSE may not play a significant role in the mammary tumour development of MMTV-PyMT animals. Collectively, these observations may have implications in the clinical setting of breast cancer and therapy using HPSE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnath M Jayatilleke
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Hendrika M Duivenvoorden
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Gemma F Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Belinda S Parker
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mark D Hulett
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
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19
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Srour SA, Akin S. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors: The Past and the Future. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY AND PRECISION ONCOLOGY 2023; 6:19-30. [PMID: 36751657 PMCID: PMC9888521 DOI: 10.36401/jipo-22-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is the new standard treatment for various indications in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. Despite the several preclinical and early phase clinical trials, the overall clinical experience has been disappointing when applying this innovative therapy in solid tumors. The failure of CAR T-cell therapy and its limited antitumor activity in solid tumors have been attributed to several mechanisms, including tumor antigen heterogeneity, the hostile tumor microenvironment and poor trafficking of CAR T cells into tumor sites, and the unacceptable toxicities in some settings, among others. However, remarkable improvements have been made in understanding many of these failure mechanisms for which several emerging novel approaches are being applied to overcome these challenges. In this review, after a brief historic background for immunotherapy in solid tumors, we highlight the recent developments achieved in CAR T-cell designs, summarize completed clinical trials, and discuss current challenges facing CAR T-cell therapy and the suggested strategies to overcome these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer A. Srour
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Serkan Akin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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20
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Lebsir N, Zoulim F, Grigorov B. Heparanase-1: From Cancer Biology to a Future Antiviral Target. Viruses 2023; 15:237. [PMID: 36680276 PMCID: PMC9860851 DOI: 10.3390/v15010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are a major constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and are found to be implicated in viral infections, where they play a role in both cell entry and release for many viruses. The enzyme heparanase-1 is the only known endo-beta-D-glucuronidase capable of degrading heparan sulphate (HS) chains of HSPGs and is thus important for regulating ECM homeostasis. Heparanase-1 expression is tightly regulated as the uncontrolled cleavage of HS may result in abnormal cell activation and significant tissue damage. The overexpression of heparanase-1 correlates with pathological scenarios and is observed in different human malignancies, such as lymphoma, breast, colon, lung, and hepatocellular carcinomas. Interestingly, heparanase-1 has also been documented to be involved in numerous viral infections, e.g., HSV-1, HPV, DENV. Moreover, very recent reports have demonstrated a role of heparanase-1 in HCV and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Due to the undenied pro-carcinogenic role of heparanase-1, multiple inhibitors have been developed, some reaching phase II and III in clinical studies. However, the use of heparanase inhibitors as antivirals has not yet been proposed. If it can be assumed that heparanase-1 is implicated in numerous viral life cycles, its inhibition by specific heparanase-acting compounds should result in a blockage of viral infection. This review addresses the perspectives of using heparanase inhibitors, not only for cancer treatment, but also as antivirals. Eventually, the development of a novel class antivirals targeting a cellular protein could help to alleviate the resistance problems seen with some current antiretroviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadjet Lebsir
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69434 Lyon, France
- Confluence: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), UCLy, 10 Place des Archives, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69434 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Boyan Grigorov
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69434 Lyon, France
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21
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Mouhoubi N, Bamba-Funck J, Sutton A, Blaise L, Seror O, Ganne-Carrié N, Ziol M, N’Kontchou G, Charnaux N, Nahon P, Nault JC, Guyot E. Sulfatase 2 Along with Syndecan 1 and Glypican 3 Serum Levels are Associated with a Prognostic Value in Patients with Alcoholic Cirrhosis-Related Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:1369-1383. [PMID: 36597436 PMCID: PMC9805748 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s382226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sulfatase 2 (SULF2) is an enzyme related to heparan sulfate modifications. Its expression, as for some heparan sulfate proteoglycans expression, has been linked to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at mRNA level and immunohistochemistry staining on biopsy samples. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of serum levels of SULF2 in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis with or without HCC. Patients and Methods Two hundred and eighty-seven patients with alcoholic cirrhosis were enrolled in this study: 164 without HCC, 57 with early HCC, and 66 with advanced HCC at inclusion. We analyzed the association between SULF2 serum levels and prognosis using Kaplan-Meier method and univariate and multivariate analysis using a Cox model. Results Child-Pugh C Patients have higher serum levels of SULF2 than Child-Pugh A patients. Serum levels of SULF2 were also higher in patients with advanced HCC compared with the other groups. In patients with advanced HCC, high serum levels of SULF2 were associated with less favorable overall survival. Combination of SULF2 with Glypican 3 (GPC3) and Syndecan 1 (SDC1) serum levels enhanced the ability to discriminate worst prognostic in advanced HCC. Conclusion SULF2 along with GPC3 and SDC1 serum levels have been shown to be associated with a prognostic value in advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Mouhoubi
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratory for VascularTranslational Science, LVTS, INSERM, UMR 1148, Bobigny, F- 93000, France
| | - Jessica Bamba-Funck
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratory for VascularTranslational Science, LVTS, INSERM, UMR 1148, Bobigny, F- 93000, France,Service de biochimie, Hôpital Avicenne, hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, F-93000, France
| | - Angela Sutton
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratory for VascularTranslational Science, LVTS, INSERM, UMR 1148, Bobigny, F- 93000, France,Service de biochimie, Hôpital Avicenne, hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, F-93000, France
| | - Lorraine Blaise
- Service d’hépatologie, Hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, F-93143, France
| | - Olivier Seror
- Service de radiologie, Hôpital Avicenne, hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, F-93000, France
| | - Nathalie Ganne-Carrié
- Service d’hépatologie, Hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, F-93143, France,Inserm, UMR 1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeUrs solides, Paris, F-75010, France
| | - Marianne Ziol
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques BB-0033-00027, Hôpital Avicenne, hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, F-93000, France,Service d’anatomie et cytologie pathologique, Hôpital Avicenne, hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, F-93000, France
| | - Gisèle N’Kontchou
- Service d’hépatologie, Hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, F-93143, France
| | - Nathalie Charnaux
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratory for VascularTranslational Science, LVTS, INSERM, UMR 1148, Bobigny, F- 93000, France,Service de biochimie, Hôpital Avicenne, hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, F-93000, France
| | - Pierre Nahon
- Service d’hépatologie, Hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, F-93143, France,Inserm, UMR 1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeUrs solides, Paris, F-75010, France
| | - Jean-Charles Nault
- Service d’hépatologie, Hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, F-93143, France,Inserm, UMR 1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeUrs solides, Paris, F-75010, France
| | - Erwan Guyot
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratory for VascularTranslational Science, LVTS, INSERM, UMR 1148, Bobigny, F- 93000, France,Service de biochimie, Hôpital Avicenne, hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, F-93000, France,Correspondence: Erwan Guyot, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, Laboratoire Biochimie-Pharmacologie et Biologie Moléculaire, 125 Rue de Stalingrad, Bobigny, 93000, France, Tel +33 1 48 95 56 29, Fax +33 1 48 95 56 27, Email
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22
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Schleyer KA, Liu J, Chen Z, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zuo J, Ybargollin AJ, Guo H, Cui L. A Universal and Modular Scaffold for Heparanase Activatable Probes and Drugs. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:2290-2298. [PMID: 36346913 PMCID: PMC10897860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Heparanase (HPSE) is an endo-β-glucuronidase involved in extracellular matrix remodeling in rapidly healing tissues, most cancers and inflammation, and viral infection. Its importance as a therapeutic target warrants further study, but such is hampered by a lack of research tools. To expand the toolkits for probing HPSE enzymatic activity, we report the design of a substrate scaffold for HPSE comprised of a disaccharide substrate appended with a linker, capable of carrying cargo until being cleaved by HPSE. Here exemplified as a fluorogenic, coumarin-based imaging probe, this scaffold can potentially expand the availability of HPSE-responsive imaging or drug delivery tools using a variety of imaging moieties or other cargo. We show that electronic tuning of the scaffold provides a robust response to HPSE while simplifying the structural requirements of the attached cargo. Molecular docking and modeling suggest a productive probe/HPSE binding mode. These results further support the hypothesis that the reactivity of these HPSE-responsive probes is predominantly influenced by the electron density of the aglycone. This universal HPSE-activatable scaffold will greatly facilitate future development of HPSE-responsive probes and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelton A Schleyer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Zixin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Zhishen Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Yuzhao Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Junxiang Zuo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Alberto Jimenez Ybargollin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Lina Cui
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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23
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Heparanase Increases Podocyte Survival and Autophagic Flux after Adriamycin-Induced Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012691. [PMID: 36293542 PMCID: PMC9604275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) is enriched with heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans, which contribute to its permselectivity. The endoglycosidase heparanase cleaves HS and hence appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of kidney injury and glomerulonephritis. We have recently reported, nonetheless, that heparanase overexpression preserved glomerular structure and kidney function in an experimental model of Adriamycin-induced nephropathy. To elucidate mechanisms underlying heparanase function in podocytes-key GFB cells, we utilized a human podocyte cell line and transgenic mice overexpressing heparanase. Notably, podocytes overexpressing heparanase (H) demonstrated significantly higher survival rates and viability after exposure to Adriamycin or hydrogen peroxide, compared with mock-infected (V) podocytes. Immunofluorescence staining of kidney cryo-sections and cultured H and V podocytes as well as immunoblotting of proteins extracted from cultured cells, revealed that exposure to toxic injury resulted in a significant increase in autophagic flux in H podocytes, which was reversed by the heparanase inhibitor, Roneparstat (SST0001). Heparanase overexpression was also associated with substantial transcriptional upregulation of autophagy genes BCN1, ATG5, and ATG12, following Adriamycin treatment. Moreover, cleaved caspase-3 was attenuated in H podocytes exposed to Adriamycin, indicating lower apoptotic cell death in H vs. V podocytes. Collectively, these findings suggest that in podocytes, elevated levels of heparanase promote cytoprotection.
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24
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Massironi N, Colombo M, Cosentino C, Fiandra L, Mauri M, Kayal Y, Testa F, Torri G, Urso E, Vismara E, Vlodavsky I. Heparin-Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207116. [PMID: 36296711 PMCID: PMC9611043 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were engineered with an organic coating composed of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), providing heparin-based nanoparticle systems (LMWH@SPIONs). The purpose was to merge the properties of the heparin skeleton and an inorganic core to build up a targeted theranostic nanosystem, which was eventually enhanced by loading a chemotherapeutic agent. Iron oxide cores were prepared via the co-precipitation of iron salts in an alkaline environment and oleic acid (OA) capping. Dopamine (DA) was covalently linked to BSA and LMWH by amide linkages via carbodiimide coupling. The following ligand exchange reaction between the DA-BSA/DA-LMWH and OA was conducted in a biphasic system composed of water and hexane, affording LMWH@SPIONs stabilized in water by polystyrene sulfonate (PSS). Their size and morphology were investigated via dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The LMWH@SPIONs’ cytotoxicity was tested, showing marginal or no toxicity for samples prepared with PSS at concentrations of 50 µg/mL. Their inhibitory activity on the heparanase enzyme was measured, showing an effective inhibition at concentrations comparable to G4000 (N-desulfo-N-acetyl heparin, a non-anticoagulant and antiheparanase heparin derivative; Roneparstat). The LMWH@SPION encapsulation of paclitaxel (PTX) enhanced the antitumor effect of this chemotherapeutic on breast cancer cells, likely due to an improved internalization of the nanoformulated drug with respect to the free molecule. Lastly, time-domain NMR (TD-NMR) experiments were conducted on LMWH@SPIONs obtaining relaxivity values within the same order of magnitude as currently used commercial contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Massironi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Colombo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Cosentino
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche “Giuliana Ronzoni”, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Fiandra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Mauri
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Yasmina Kayal
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 2611001, Israel
| | - Filippo Testa
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Giangiacomo Torri
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche “Giuliana Ronzoni”, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.T.); (E.V.); Tel.: +39-02-7064-1624 (G.T.); +39-02-2399-3088 (E.V.)
| | - Elena Urso
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche “Giuliana Ronzoni”, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Vismara
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.T.); (E.V.); Tel.: +39-02-7064-1624 (G.T.); +39-02-2399-3088 (E.V.)
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 2611001, Israel
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25
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Takahashi I. Importance of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Pancreatic Islets and β-Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12082. [PMID: 36292936 PMCID: PMC9603760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
β-cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas secrete insulin in response to the glucose concentration in the blood. When these pancreatic β-cells are damaged, diabetes develops through glucose intolerance caused by insufficient insulin secretion. High molecular weight polysaccharides, such as heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans, and HS-degrading enzymes, such as heparinase, participate in the protection, maintenance, and enhancement of the functions of pancreatic islets and β-cells, and the demand for studies on glycobiology within the field of diabetes research has increased. This review introduces the roles of complex glycoconjugates containing high molecular weight polysaccharides and their degrading enzymes in pancreatic islets and β-cells, including those obtained in studies conducted by us earlier. In addition, from the perspective of glycobiology, this study proposes the possibility of application to diabetes medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwao Takahashi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Morioka 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
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26
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Yuan F, Yang Y, Zhou H, Quan J, Liu C, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yu X. Heparanase in cancer progression: Structure, substrate recognition and therapeutic potential. Front Chem 2022; 10:926353. [PMID: 36157032 PMCID: PMC9500389 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.926353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparanase, a member of the carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) GH79 family, is an endo-β-glucuronidase capable of degrading the carbohydrate moiety of heparan sulphate proteoglycans, thus modulating and facilitating remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Heparanase activity is strongly associated with major human pathological complications, including but not limited to tumour progress, angiogenesis and inflammation, which make heparanase a valuable therapeutic target. Long-due crystallographic structures of human and bacterial heparanases have been recently determined. Though the overall architecture of human heparanase is generally comparable to that of bacterial glucuronidases, remarkable differences exist in their substrate recognition mode. Better understanding of regulatory mechanisms of heparanase in substrate recognition would provide novel insight into the anti-heparanase inhibitor development as well as potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xing Yu
- *Correspondence: Yujing Zhang, ; Xing Yu,
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27
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Richter RP, Ashtekar AR, Zheng L, Pretorius D, Kaushlendra T, Sanderson RD, Gaggar A, Richter JR. Glycocalyx heparan sulfate cleavage promotes endothelial cell angiopoietin-2 expression by impairing shear stress-related AMPK/FoxO1 signaling. JCI Insight 2022; 7:155010. [PMID: 35763350 PMCID: PMC9462499 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) is a key mediator of vascular disease during sepsis, and elevated plasma levels of Ang-2 are associated with organ injury scores and poor clinical outcomes. We have previously observed that biomarkers of endothelial glycocalyx (EG) damage correlate with plasma Ang-2 levels, suggesting a potential mechanistic linkage between EG injury and Ang-2 expression during states of systemic inflammation. However, the cell signaling mechanisms regulating Ang-2 expression following EG damage are unknown. In the current study, we determined the temporal associations between plasma heparan sulfate (HS) levels as a marker of EG erosion and plasma Ang-2 levels in children with sepsis and in mouse models of sepsis. Secondly, we evaluated the role of shear stress-mediated 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in Ang-2 expression following enzymatic HS cleavage from the surface of human primary lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC). We found that plasma HS levels peak prior to plasma Ang-2 levels in children and mice with sepsis. Further, we discovered that impaired AMPK signaling contributes to increased Ang-2 expression following HS cleavage from flow conditioned HLMVECs, establishing a novel paradigm by which Ang-2 may be upregulated during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Richter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
| | - Amit R Ashtekar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
| | - Danielle Pretorius
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
| | - Tripathi Kaushlendra
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
| | - Ralph D Sanderson
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
| | - Jillian R Richter
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
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28
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Wang J, Wang X, WeiminWang, Li F, Zhang D, Li X, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Xu D, Cheng J, Li W, Zhou B, Lin C, Yang X, Zhai R, Zeng X, Zhang X. Molecular characterization and expression of RPS23 and HPSE and their association with hematologic parameters in sheep. Gene 2022; 837:146654. [PMID: 35718240 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomal protein S23 (RPS23) and Heparanase (HPSE) were located on chromosome 5 and chromosome 6, respectively, which play vital roles in protein synthesis and immunity. The objective of this study was to clone RPS23 and HPSE and to detect the expression levels of RPS23 and HPSE and the polymorphisms of RPS23 and HPSE associated with the hematologic parameters by using qRT-PCR, DNA sequencing and KASPar assay. The quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) showed that the two genes were expressed widely in the ten tissues of sheep. The expression levels of RPS23 and HPSE were the highest in lung and liver, respectively. The expression levels of RPS23 and HPSE in lung and liver increased from 0 to 3 months, decreased from 3 to 6 months, respectively. Furthermore, two mutations g.720 A > G and g.1077 G > A were detected in the RPS23 and HPSE, respectively, which were confirmed to be significantly associated with hematologic parameters. These results supported RPS23 g.720 A > G and HPSE g.1077 G > A as genetic markers of sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China
| | - WeiminWang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China; The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China
| | - Fadi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China; Engineering Laboratory of Sheep Breeding and Reproduction Biotechnology in Gansu Province, Minqin 733300, China
| | - Deyin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Dan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Jiangbo Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Bubo Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Changchun Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Xiaobin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Rui Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Xiwen Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
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29
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Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Mitochondrial Reprogramming in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081865. [PMID: 35454774 PMCID: PMC9032679 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mitochondria are important organelles involved in several key cellular processes including energy production and cell death regulation. For this reason, it is unsurprising that mitochondrial function and structure are altered in several pathological states including cancer. Cancer cells present variate strategies to generate sufficient energy to sustain their high proliferation rates. These adaptative strategies can be mediated by extracellular signals such as extracellular vesicles. These vesicles can alter recipient cellular behavior by delivering their molecular cargo. This review explores the different EV-mediated mitochondrial reprogramming mechanisms supporting cancer survival and progression. Abstract Altered metabolism is a defining hallmark of cancer. Metabolic adaptations are often linked to a reprogramming of the mitochondria due to the importance of these organelles in energy production and biosynthesis. Cancer cells present heterogeneous metabolic phenotypes that can be modulated by signals originating from the tumor microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as key players in intercellular communications and mediate many of the hallmarks of cancer via the delivery of their diverse biological cargo molecules. Firstly, this review introduces the most characteristic changes that the EV-biogenesis machinery and mitochondria undergo in the context of cancer. Then, it focuses on the EV-driven processes which alter mitochondrial structure, composition, and function to provide a survival advantage to cancer cells in the context of the hallmarks of cancers, such as altered metabolic strategies, migration and invasiveness, immune surveillance escape, and evasion of apoptosis. Finally, it explores the as yet untapped potential of targeting mitochondria using EVs as delivery vectors as a promising cancer therapeutic strategy.
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30
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Rosa NMP, Ferreira FHDC, Farrell NP, Costa LAS. Substitution-inert polynuclear platinum complexes and Glycosaminoglycans: A molecular dynamics study of its non-covalent interactions. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 232:111811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Masola V, Greco N, Gambaro G, Franchi M, Onisto M. Heparanase as active player in endothelial glycocalyx remodeling. Matrix Biol Plus 2022; 13:100097. [PMID: 35036899 PMCID: PMC8749438 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface of all animal cells is coated with a layer of carbohydrates linked in various ways to the outer side of the plasma membrane. These carbohydrates are mainly bound to proteins in the form of glycoproteins and proteoglycans and together with the glycolipids constitute the so-called glycocalyx. In particular, the endothelial glycocalyx that covers the luminal layer of the endothelium is composed of glycosaminoglycans (heparan sulphate -HS and hyaluronic acid -HA), proteoglycans (syndecans and glypicans) and adsorbed plasma proteins. Thanks to its ability to absorb water, this structure contributes to making the surface of the vessels slippery but at the same time acts by modulating the mechano-transduction of the vessels, the vascular permeability and the adhesion of leukocytes in thus regulating several physiological and pathological events. Among the various enzymes involved in the degradation of the glycocalyx, heparanase (HPSE) has been shown to be particularly involved. This enzyme is responsible for the cutting of heparan sulfate (HS) chains at the level of the proteoglycans of the endothelial glycocalyx whose dysfunction appears to have a role in organ fibrosis, sepsis and viral infection. In this mini-review, we describe the mechanisms by which HPSE contributes to glycocalyx remodeling and then examine the role of glycocalyx degradation in the development of pathological conditions and pharmacological strategies to preserve glycocalyx during disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Masola
- Renal Unit, Dept. of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicola Greco
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Renal Unit, Dept. of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Franchi
- Dept. of Life Quality Sciences, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Maurizio Onisto
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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32
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Whitefield C, Hong N, Mitchell JA, Jackson CJ. Computational design and experimental characterisation of a stable human heparanase variant. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:341-349. [PMID: 35382258 PMCID: PMC8905545 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00239b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparanase is the only human enzyme known to hydrolyse heparin sulfate and is involved in many important physiological processes. However, it is also unregulated in many disease states, such as cancer, diabetes and Covid-19. It is thus an important drug target, yet the heterologous production of heparanase is challenging and only possible in mammalian or insect expression systems, which limits the ability of many laboratories to study it. Here we describe the computational redesign of heparanase to allow high yield expression in Escherchia coli. This mutated form of heparanase exhibits essentially identical kinetics, inhibition, structure and protein dynamics to the wild type protein, despite the presence of 26 mutations. This variant will facilitate wider study of this important enzyme and contributes to a growing body of literature that shows evolutionarily conserved and functionally neutral mutations can have significant effects on protein folding and expression. A mutant heparanase that exhibits wild type structure and activity but can be heterologously produced in bacterial protein expression systems.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy Whitefield
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Nansook Hong
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Joshua A. Mitchell
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Colin J. Jackson
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Chen TT, Lv JJ, Chen L, Gao YW, Liu LP. Role of heparinase in the gastrointestinal dysfunction of sepsis (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:119. [PMID: 34970342 PMCID: PMC8713170 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparinase (HPA) is a β-D glucuronidase that belongs to the endoglycosidase enzyme family, and plays an important role in numerous pathological and physiological processes, including inflammation, angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. When the expression of HPA is abnormally high, the side chain of heparin sulfate proteoglycans degrades, destroying the cell barrier and leading to the occurrence and development of inflammation, with systemic inflammation occurring in severe cases. Sepsis is a major cause of mortality in critically ill patients. In sepsis, the gastrointestinal tract is the first and most frequently involved target organ, which often leads to gastrointestinal dysfunction. HPA overexpression has been determined to accelerate sepsis progression and gastrointestinal dysfunction; thus, it was hypothesized that HPA may play an important role and may serve as an index for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal dysfunction in sepsis. HPA inhibitors may therefore become applicable as targeted drugs for the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with sepsis. The present review mainly discussed the role of HPA in gastrointestinal dysfunction of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Jun Lv
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Wei Gao
- Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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Endothelial glycocalyx degradation during sepsis: Causes and consequences. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 12:100094. [PMID: 34917925 PMCID: PMC8668992 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx is a ubiquitous intravascular structure essential for vascular homeostasis. During sepsis, the glycocalyx is degraded via the collective action of a variety of redundant sheddases, the regulation of which remains the focus of active investigation. Septic loss of the glycocalyx imparts both local vascular injury (leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute kidney injury) as well as the systemic consequences of circulating glycosaminoglycan fragments (leading to cognitive dysfunction). Glycocalyx degradation during sepsis is potentially shaped by clinically-modifiable factors, suggesting opportunities for therapeutic intervention to mitigate the end-organ consequences of sepsis.
The glycocalyx is a ubiquitous structure found on endothelial cells that extends into the vascular lumen. It is enriched in proteoglycans, which are proteins attached to the glycosaminoglycans heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid. In health and disease, the endothelial glycocalyx is a central regulator of vascular permeability, inflammation, coagulation, and circulatory tonicity. During sepsis, a life-threatening syndrome seen commonly in hospitalized patients, the endothelial glycocalyx is degraded, significantly contributing to its many clinical manifestations. In this review we discuss the intrinsically linked mechanisms responsible for septic endothelial glycocalyx destruction: glycosaminoglycan degradation and proteoglycan cleavage. We then examine the consequences of local endothelial glycocalyx loss to several organ systems and the systemic consequences of shed glycocalyx constituents. Last, we explore clinically relevant non-modifiable and modifiable factors that exacerbate or protect against endothelial glycocalyx shedding during sepsis.
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Key Words
- ADAM, A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase
- ANP, Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
- ARDS, Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Ang2, Angiopoietin-2
- DAMP, Damage-associated Molecular Pattern
- Endothelial glycocalyx
- FFP, Fresh Frozen Plasma
- GAG, Glycosaminoglycan
- Glycosaminoglycans
- HPSE-1/2, Heparanase-1/2
- LPS, Lipopolysaccharide
- MMP, Matrix Metalloproteinase
- PG, Proteoglycan
- Proteoglycans
- Sepsis
- TIMP, Tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase
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Zhu R, Lang T, Yin Q, Li Y. Nano drug delivery systems improve metastatic breast cancer therapy. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2021; 1:244-274. [PMID: 37724299 PMCID: PMC10388745 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2021-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite continual progress in the technologies and regimens for cancer therapy, the treatment outcome of fatal metastatic breast cancer is far from satisfactory. Encouragingly, nanotechnology has emerged as a valuable tool to optimize drug delivery process in cancer therapy via preventing the cargos from degradation, improving the tumor-targeting efficiency, enhancing therapeutic agents' retention in specific sites, and controlling drug release. In the last decade, several mechanisms of suppressing tumor metastasis by functional nano drug delivery systems (NDDSs) have been revealed and a guidance for the rational design of anti-metastasis NDDSs is summarized, which consist of three aspects: optimization of physiochemical properties, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and biomimetic strategies. A series of medicinal functional biomaterials and anti-metastatic breast cancer NDDSs constructed by our team are introduced in this review. It is hoped that better anti-metastasis strategies can be inspired and applied in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqun Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Bohai rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
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Haj-Shomaly J, Vorontsova A, Barenholz-Cohen T, Levi-Galibov O, Devarasetty M, Timaner M, Raviv Z, Cooper TJ, Soker S, Hasson P, Weihs D, Scherz-Shouval R, Shaked Y. T cells promote metastasis by regulating extracellular matrix remodeling following chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2021; 82:278-291. [PMID: 34666995 PMCID: PMC7612244 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of cancer-related mortality. Despite intense efforts to understand the mechanisms underlying the metastatic process, treatment of metastatic cancer is still challenging. Here we describe a chemotherapy-induced, host-mediated mechanism that promotes remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), ultimately facilitating cancer cell seeding and metastasis. Paclitaxel (PTX) chemotherapy enhanced rapid ECM remodeling and mechano-structural changes in the lungs of tumor-free mice, and the protein expression and activity of the ECM remodeling enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX) increased in response to PTX. A chimeric mouse mode harboring genetic LOX depletion revealed chemotherapy-induced ECM remodeling was mediated by CD8+ T cells expressing LOX. Consistently, adoptive transfer of CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells or B cells, from PTX-treated mice to naïve immuno-deprived mice induced pulmonary ECM remodeling. Lastly, in a clinically relevant metastatic breast carcinoma model, LOX inhibition counteracted the metastasis-promoting, ECM-related effects of PTX. This study highlights the role of immune cells in regulating ECM and metastasis following chemotherapy, suggesting that inhibiting chemotherapy-induced ECM remodeling represents a potential therapeutic strategy for metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozafina Haj-Shomaly
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
| | - Avital Vorontsova
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
| | | | | | | | - Michael Timaner
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
| | - Ziv Raviv
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
| | - Tim J Cooper
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine,, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health
| | - Peleg Hasson
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
| | - Daphne Weihs
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
| | | | - Yuval Shaked
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
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Cousin R, Groult H, Manseur C, Ferru-Clément R, Gani M, Havret R, Toucheteau C, Prunier G, Colin B, Morel F, Piot JM, Lanneluc I, Baranger K, Maugard T, Fruitier-Arnaudin I. A Marine λ-Oligocarrageenan Inhibits Migratory and Invasive Ability of MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells through Actions on Heparanase Metabolism and MMP-14/MMP-2 Axis. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100546. [PMID: 34677445 PMCID: PMC8539239 DOI: 10.3390/md19100546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar-based molecules such as heparins or natural heparan sulfate polysaccharides have been developed and widely studied for controlling heparanase (HPSE) enzymatic activity, a key player in extracellular matrix remodelling during cancer pathogenesis. However, non-enzymatic functions of HPSE have also been described in tumour mechanisms. Given their versatile properties, we hypothesized that sugar-based inhibitors may interfere with enzymatic but also non-enzymatic HPSE activities. In this work, we assessed the effects of an original marine λ-carrageenan derived oligosaccharide (λ-CO) we previously described, along with those of its native counterpart and heparins, on cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells but also of sh-MDA-MB-231 cells, in which the expression of HPSE was selectively downregulated. We observed no cytotoxic and no anti-proliferative effects of our compounds but surprisingly λ-CO was the most efficient to reduce cell migration and invasion compared with heparins, and in a HPSE-dependent manner. We provided evidence that λ-CO tightly controlled a HPSE/MMP-14/MMP-2 axis, leading to reduced MMP-2 activity. Altogether, this study highlights λ-CO as a potent HPSE “modulator” capable of reducing not only the enzymatic activity of HPSE but also the functions controlled by the HPSE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Cousin
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Hugo Groult
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Chanez Manseur
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Romain Ferru-Clément
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Mario Gani
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Rachel Havret
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Claire Toucheteau
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Grégoire Prunier
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Béatrice Colin
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Franck Morel
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Poitiers University, LITEC EA 4331, 86073 Poitiers, France;
| | - Jean-Marie Piot
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Isabelle Lanneluc
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Kévin Baranger
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Thierry Maugard
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Ingrid Fruitier-Arnaudin
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-546-458-562
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Huang S, Zhang H, Lin Q, Gong T, Sun X, Zhang Z, Zhang L. Enhanced anti-metastatic therapy with down-regulation of heparinase expression by ROS-responsive micellar nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:15267-15277. [PMID: 34477185 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02964a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a major sign of malignant tumors which plays a vital role in cancer-related death. Suppressing metastasis is an important way to improve the survival rate of cancer patients. Herein, multifunctional PEG-LAM-PPS nanoparticles (nPLPs) are fabricated as both nanocarriers and anti-metastatic agents for tumor treatment. In this system, laminarin sulfate (LAM) suppresses metastasis by reducing heparinase and protecting the extracellular matrix; the ROS-sensitive polypropylene sulfide (PPS) improves the release of the loaded drug in the tumor microenvironment. This is the first time that laminarin sulfate has been used as a carrier to inhibit the expression of heparinase and treat melanoma lung metastasis. The blank nanoparticles are excellently safe and showed high anti-metastatic efficacy in melanoma lung metastatic mouse models, reducing metastatic nodules by 60%. They significantly improved the anti-tumor efficacy of the loaded drug doxorubicin, provided ∼33% further reduction of the tumor volume and 50% further reduction of the metastatic nodule number compared with free doxorubicin. Thus, these simple and versatile micellar nanoparticles composed of biocompatible materials offer a promising vehicle for treating invasive solid tumors and metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Yuai Li
- West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Shiqi Huang
- West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Hanming Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Qing Lin
- West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Tao Gong
- West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Xun Sun
- West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
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Barash U, Rangappa S, Mohan CD, Vishwanath D, Boyango I, Basappa B, Vlodavsky I, Rangappa KS. New Heparanase-Inhibiting Triazolo-Thiadiazoles Attenuate Primary Tumor Growth and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122959. [PMID: 34199150 PMCID: PMC8231572 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Heparanase is an endoglycosidase that plays a critical role in tumor progression and metastasis. The expression of heparanase in the tumor microenvironment is positively correlated with the aggressiveness of the tumor and is associated with poor prognosis. In this study, we have demonstrated that a new triazole–thiadiazole-bearing small molecule showed good heparanase inhibition along with attenuation of tumor growth and metastasis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing a marked decrease in primary tumor growth in mice treated with a small molecule that inhibits heparanase enzymatic activity. Given these encouraging results, studies are underway to better elucidate the mode of action and clinical significance of triazolo–thiadiazoles. Abstract Compelling evidence ties heparanase, an endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate side (HS) chains of proteoglycans, with all steps of tumor development, including tumor initiation, angiogenesis, growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Moreover, heparanase levels correlate with shorter postoperative survival of cancer patients, encouraging the development of heparanase inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs. Heparanase-inhibiting heparin/heparan sulfate-mimicking compounds and neutralizing antibodies are highly effective in animal models of cancer progression, yet none of the compounds reached the stage of approval for clinical use. The present study focused on newly synthesized triazolo–thiadiazoles, of which compound 4-iodo-2-(3-(p-tolyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)phenol (4-MMI) was identified as a potent inhibitor of heparanase enzymatic activity, cell invasion, experimental metastasis, and tumor growth in mouse models. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing a marked decrease in primary tumor growth in mice treated with small molecules that inhibit heparanase enzymatic activity. This result encourages the optimization of 4-MMI for preclinical and clinical studies primarily in cancer but also other indications (i.e., colitis, pancreatitis, diabetic nephropathy, tissue fibrosis) involving heparanase, including viral infection and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Barash
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (U.B.); (I.B.)
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, BG Nagara, Nagamangala Taluk 571448, India;
| | | | - Divakar Vishwanath
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (D.V.); (B.B.)
| | - Ilanit Boyango
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (U.B.); (I.B.)
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (D.V.); (B.B.)
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (U.B.); (I.B.)
- Correspondence: (I.V.); (K.S.R.)
| | - Kanchugarakoppal S. Rangappa
- Institution of Excellence, Vijnana Bhavan, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
- Correspondence: (I.V.); (K.S.R.)
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Zahavi T, Salmon-Divon M, Salgado R, Elkin M, Hermano E, Rubinstein AM, Francis PA, Di Leo A, Viale G, de Azambuja E, Ameye L, Sotiriou C, Salmon A, Kravchenko-Balasha N, Sonnenblick A. Heparanase: a potential marker of worse prognosis in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:67. [PMID: 34050190 PMCID: PMC8163849 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparanase promotes tumor growth in breast tumors. We now evaluated heparanase protein and gene-expression status and investigated its impact on disease-free survival in order to gain better insight into the role of heparanase in ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer prognosis and to clarify its role in cell survival following chemotherapy. Using pooled analysis of gene-expression data, we found that heparanase was associated with a worse prognosis in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors (log-rank p < 10-10) and predictive to chemotherapy resistance (interaction p = 0.0001) but not hormonal therapy (Interaction p = 0.62). These results were confirmed by analysis of data from a phase III, prospective randomized trial which showed that heparanase protein expression is associated with increased risk of recurrence in ER+ breast tumors (log-rank p = 0.004). In vitro experiments showed that heparanase promoted tumor progression and increased cell viability via epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stemness, and anti-apoptosis pathways in luminal breast cancer. Taken together, our results demonstrated that heparanase is associated with worse outcomes and increased cell viability in ER+ BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Zahavi
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Mali Salmon-Divon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Roberto Salgado
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pathology, GZA-ZNA Hospitals, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michael Elkin
- Department of Oncology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Esther Hermano
- Department of Oncology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel M Rubinstein
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Prudence A Francis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Breast Cancer Trials Australia & New Zealand, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Angelo Di Leo
- Sandro Pitigliani Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- The University of Milan, and IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Evandro de Azambuja
- Institut Jules Bordet and l'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lieveke Ameye
- Institut Jules Bordet and l'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Institut Jules Bordet and l'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Amir Sonnenblick
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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41
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Eustes AS, Campbell RA, Middleton EA, Tolley ND, Manne BK, Montenont E, Rowley JW, Krauel K, Blair A, Guo L, Kosaka Y, Medeiros-de-Moraes IM, Lacerda M, Hottz ED, Neto HCF, Zimmerman GA, Weyrich AS, Petrey A, Rondina MT. Heparanase expression and activity are increased in platelets during clinical sepsis. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:1319-1330. [PMID: 33587773 PMCID: PMC8218538 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heparanase (HPSE) is the only known mammalian enzyme that can degrade heparan sulfate. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are essential components of the glycocalyx, and maintain physiological barriers between the blood and endothelial cells. HPSE increases during sepsis, which contributes to injurious glyocalyx degradation, loss of endothelial barrier function, and mortality. OBJECTIVES As platelets are one of the most abundant cellular sources of HPSE, we sought to determine whether HPSE expression and activity increases in human platelets during clinical sepsis. We also examined associations between platelet HPSE expression and clinical outcomes. PATIENTS/METHODS Expression and activity of HPSE was determined in platelets isolated from septic patients (n = 59) and, for comparison, sex-matched healthy donors (n = 46) using complementary transcriptomic, proteomic, and functional enzymatic assays. Septic patients were followed for the primary outcome of mortality, and clinical data were captured prospectively for septic patients. RESULTS The mRNA expression of HPSE was significantly increased in platelets isolated from septic patients. Ribosomal footprint profiling, followed by [S35] methionine labeling assays, demonstrated that HPSE mRNA translation and HPSE protein synthesis were significantly upregulated in platelets during sepsis. While both the pro- and active forms of HPSE protein increased in platelets during sepsis, only the active form of HPSE protein significantly correlated with sepsis-associated mortality. Consistent with transcriptomic and proteomic upregulation, HPSE enzymatic activity was also increased in platelets during sepsis. CONCLUSIONS During clinical sepsis HPSE, translation, and enzymatic activity are increased in platelets. Increased expression of the active form of HPSE protein is associated with sepsis-associated mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia S Eustes
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Hospitals and Clinics Pathology, Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Robert A Campbell
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Middleton
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Neal D Tolley
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Bhanu K Manne
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Emilie Montenont
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jesse W Rowley
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Krystin Krauel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Antoinette Blair
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Kosaka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Isabel M Medeiros-de-Moraes
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro and Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marcus Lacerda
- Fundacao de Medicina Tropical - Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD) and Fiocruz Manaus, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Eugenio D Hottz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro and Manaus, Brazil
- Immunothrombosis Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hugo Castro Faria Neto
- Fundacao de Medicina Tropical - Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD) and Fiocruz Manaus, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Guy A Zimmerman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Andrew S Weyrich
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Aaron Petrey
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine and GRECC, George E. Wahlen VAMC, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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42
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Melo CM, Nader HB, Justo GZ, Pinhal MAS. Heparanase modulation by Wingless/INT (Wnt). Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3117-3125. [PMID: 33891270 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heparanase is an endo-beta-glucuronidase, the only enzyme in mammals capable of cleaving heparan sulfate/heparin chains from proteoglycans. The oligosaccharides generated by heparanase present extensive biological functions since such oligosaccharides interact with adhesion molecules, growth factors, angiogenic factors and cytokines, modulating cell proliferation, migration, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. However, the regulation of heparanase activity is not fully understood. It is known that heparanase is synthesized as an inactive 65 kDa isoform and that post-translation processing forms an active 50 kDa enzyme. In the present study, we are interested in investigating whether heparanase is regulated by its own substrate as observed with many other enzymes. Wild-type Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griséus) ovary cells (CHO-K1) were treated with different doses of heparin. Heparanase expression was analyzed by Real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Also, heparanase activity was measured. The heparanase activity assay was performed using a coated plate with biotinylated heparan sulfate. In the present assay, a competitive heparin inhibition scenario was set aside. Exogenous heparin trigged a cell signaling pathway that increased heparanase mRNA and protein levels. The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, judged by TCF-driven luciferase activity, seems to be involved to enhance heparanase profile during treatment with exogenous heparin. Lithium chloride treatment, an activator of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, confirmed such mechanism of transduction in vivo using zebrafish embryos and in vitro using CHO-K1 cells. Taken together the results suggest that heparin modulates heparanase expression by Wnt/beta-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Mucciolo Melo
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, 4a. andar, Biologia Molecular, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Avenida Príncipe de Gales, 821, Bioquímica, Santo André, SP, 09060-650, Brazil
| | - Helena Bonciani Nader
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, 4a. andar, Biologia Molecular, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Giselle Zenker Justo
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, 4a. andar, Biologia Molecular, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, no. 275 - Jd. Eldorado, Diadema, SP, CEP: 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Silva Pinhal
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, 4a. andar, Biologia Molecular, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Avenida Príncipe de Gales, 821, Bioquímica, Santo André, SP, 09060-650, Brazil.
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43
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Abstract
Diabetes is a complex disorder responsible for the mortality and morbidity of millions of individuals worldwide. Although many approaches have been used to understand and treat diabetes, the role of proteoglycans, in particular heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), has only recently received attention. The HSPGs are heterogeneous, highly negatively charged, and are found in all cells primarily attached to the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular matrix (ECM). HSPGs are involved in development, cell migration, signal transduction, hemostasis, inflammation, and antiviral activity, and regulate cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and enzymes. Hyperglycemia, accompanying diabetes, increases reactive oxygen species and upregulates the enzyme heparanase that degrades HSPGs or affects the synthesis of the HSPGs altering their structure. The modified HSPGs in the endothelium and ECM in the blood vessel wall contribute to the nephropathy, cardiovascular disease, and retinopathy seen in diabetes. Besides the blood vessel, other cells and tissues in the heart, kidney, and eye are affected by diabetes. Although not well understood, the adipose tissue, intestine, and brain also reveal HSPG changes associated with diabetes. Further, HSPGs are significantly involved in protecting the β cells of the pancreas from autoimmune destruction and could be a focus of prevention of type I diabetes. In some circumstances, HSPGs may contribute to the pathology of the disease. Understanding the role of HSPGs and how they are modified by diabetes may lead to new treatments as well as preventative measures to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this complex condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Hiebert
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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44
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Piperigkou Z, Kyriakopoulou K, Koutsakis C, Mastronikolis S, Karamanos NK. Key Matrix Remodeling Enzymes: Functions and Targeting in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1441. [PMID: 33809973 PMCID: PMC8005147 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue functionality and integrity demand continuous changes in distribution of major components in the extracellular matrices (ECMs) under normal conditions aiming tissue homeostasis. Major matrix degrading proteolytic enzymes are matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), plasminogen activators, atypical proteases such as intracellular cathepsins and glycolytic enzymes including heparanase and hyaluronidases. Matrix proteases evoke epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and regulate ECM turnover under normal procedures as well as cancer cell phenotype, motility, invasion, autophagy, angiogenesis and exosome formation through vital signaling cascades. ECM remodeling is also achieved by glycolytic enzymes that are essential for cancer cell survival, proliferation and tumor progression. In this article, the types of major matrix remodeling enzymes, their effects in cancer initiation, propagation and progression as well as their pharmacological targeting and ongoing clinical trials are presented and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece; (K.K.); (C.K.)
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), 265 04 Patras, Greece
| | - Konstantina Kyriakopoulou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece; (K.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Christos Koutsakis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece; (K.K.); (C.K.)
| | | | - Nikos K. Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece; (K.K.); (C.K.)
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), 265 04 Patras, Greece
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45
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Cai Z, Yan Y, Zhou J, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Chen J. Multifunctionalized Brush-Like Glycopolymers with High Affinity to P-Selectin and Antitumor Metastasis Activity. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1177-1185. [PMID: 33586430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycopolymers that can mimic natural glycosaminoglycan, such as heparin, have shown great potentials in inhibition of cancer metastasis. In the current work, a novel series of brush-like glycopolymers (BGPs) with simultaneous functionalization of various monosaccharide or disaccharide compositions have been synthesized through a new grafting-polymerization strategy, in order to mimic the activities of both heparin and P-selectin ligand PSGL-1. In the subsequent in vitro assays of antiadhesion, platelets activation, heparanase inhibition, and so on, BGP-SFH, as one of the BGPs with the composition of the combined three sugar units, sialic acids, fucoses, and heparin disaccharides, showed the highest antimetastasis ability, similar to its prototype heparin. Moreover, in a mouse metastatic melanoma model, the BGP-SFH also inhibited B16 cell metastasis effectively. Thus, the current work not only demonstrated a type of promising antimetastasis glycopolymer BGPs, but also illustrated an easy synthetic approach to multifunctionalized glycopolymers, leading to potential applications for broader biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
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46
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Rangarajan S, Richter JR, Richter RP, Bandari SK, Tripathi K, Vlodavsky I, Sanderson RD. Heparanase-enhanced Shedding of Syndecan-1 and Its Role in Driving Disease Pathogenesis and Progression. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:823-840. [PMID: 32623935 PMCID: PMC7711244 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420937087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Both heparanase and syndecan-1 are known to be present and active in disease pathobiology. An important feature of syndecan-1 related to its role in pathologies is that it can be shed from the surface of cells as an intact ectodomain composed of the extracellular core protein and attached heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate chains. Shed syndecan-1 remains functional and impacts cell behavior both locally and distally from its cell of origin. Shedding of syndecan-1 is initiated by a variety of stimuli and accomplished predominantly by the action of matrix metalloproteinases. The accessibility of these proteases to the core protein of syndecan-1 is enhanced, and shedding facilitated, when the heparan sulfate chains of syndecan-1 have been shortened by the enzymatic activity of heparanase. Interestingly, heparanase also enhances shedding by upregulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases. Recent studies have revealed that heparanase-induced syndecan-1 shedding contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of cancer and viral infection, as well as other septic and non-septic inflammatory states. This review discusses the heparanase/shed syndecan-1 axis in disease pathogenesis and progression, the potential of targeting this axis therapeutically, and the possibility that this axis is widespread and of influence in many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Israel Vlodavsky
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, and Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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47
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Zhang GL, Gutter-Kapon L, Ilan N, Batool T, Singh K, Digre A, Luo Z, Sandler S, Shaked Y, Sanderson RD, Wang XM, Li JP, Vlodavsky I. Significance of host heparanase in promoting tumor growth and metastasis. Matrix Biol 2020; 93:25-42. [PMID: 32534153 PMCID: PMC7704762 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase, the sole heparan sulfate degrading endoglycosidase, regulates multiple biological activities that enhance tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Much of the impact of heparanase on tumor progression is related to its function in mediating tumor-host crosstalk, priming the tumor microenvironment to better support tumor growth and metastasis. We have utilized mice over-expressing (Hpa-tg) heparanase to reveal the role of host heparanase in tumor initiation, growth and metastasis. While in wild type mice tumor development in response to DMBA carcinogenesis was restricted to the mammary gland, Hpa-tg mice developed tumors also in their lungs and liver, associating with reduced survival of the tumor-bearing mice. Consistently, xenograft tumors (lymphoma, melanoma, lung carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma) transplanted in Hpa-tg mice exhibited accelerated tumor growth and shorter survival of the tumor-bearing mice compared with wild type mice. Hpa-tg mice were also more prone to the development of metastases following intravenous or subcutaneous injection of tumor cells. In some models, the growth advantage was associated with infiltration of heparanase-high host cells into the tumors. However, in other models, heparanase-high host cells were not detected in the primary tumor, implying that the growth advantage in Hpa-tg mice is due to systemic factors. Indeed, we found that plasma from Hpa-tg mice enhanced tumor cell migration and invasion attributed to increased levels of pro-tumorigenic factors (i.e., RANKL, SPARC, MIP-2) in the plasma of Hpa-Tg vs. wild type mice. Furthermore, tumor aggressiveness and short survival time were demonstrated in wild type mice transplanted with bone marrow derived from Hpa-tg but not wild type mice. These results were attributed, among other factors, to upregulation of pro-tumorigenic (i.e., IL35+) and downregulation of anti-tumorigenic (i.e., IFN-γ+) T-cell subpopulations in the spleen, lymph nodes and blood of Hpa-tg vs. wild type mice and their increased infiltration into the primary tumor. Collectively, our results emphasize the significance of host heparanase in mediating the pro-tumorigenic and pro-metastatic interactions between the tumor cells and the host tumor microenvironment, immune cells and systemic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan-Lin Zhang
- Oncology Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, SciLifeLab Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lilach Gutter-Kapon
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, P. O. Box 9649, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, P. O. Box 9649, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Tahira Batool
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, SciLifeLab Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kailash Singh
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Digre
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, SciLifeLab Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhengkang Luo
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stellan Sandler
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yuval Shaked
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, P. O. Box 9649, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Ralph D Sanderson
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Oncology Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Oncology Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, SciLifeLab Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, P. O. Box 9649, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel.
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48
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Liu J, Schleyer KA, Bryan TL, Xie C, Seabra G, Xu Y, Kafle A, Cui C, Wang Y, Yin K, Fetrow B, Henderson PKP, Fatland PZ, Liu J, Li C, Guo H, Cui L. Ultrasensitive small molecule fluorogenic probe for human heparanase. Chem Sci 2020; 12:239-246. [PMID: 34163592 PMCID: PMC8178809 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04872k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparanase (HPA) is a critical enzyme involved in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and its elevated expression has been linked with diseases such as various types of cancer and inflammation. The detection of heparanase enzymatic activity holds tremendous value in the study of the cellular microenvironment, and search of molecular therapeutics targeting heparanase, however, no structurally defined probes are available for the detection of heparanase activity. Here we present the development of the first ultrasensitive fluorogenic small-molecule probe for heparanase enzymatic activity via tuning the electronic effect of the substrate. The probe exhibits a 756-fold fluorescence turn-on response in the presence of human heparanase, allowing one-step detection of heparanase activity in real-time with a picomolar detection limit. The high sensitivity and robustness of the probe are exemplified in a high-throughput screening assay for heparanase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Kelton A Schleyer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Tyrel L Bryan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
| | - Changjian Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
| | - Gustavo Seabra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Arjun Kafle
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
| | - Chao Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
| | - Kunlun Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
| | - Benjamin Fetrow
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
| | - Paul K P Henderson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
| | - Peter Z Fatland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
| | - Lina Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA
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49
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陈 晓, 叶 蕊, 戴 大, 伍 玉, 俞 远, 程 斌. [Heparanase promotes trans-endothelial migration of hepatocarcinoma cells by inducing apoptosis of microvascular endothelial cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:1065-1071. [PMID: 32895190 PMCID: PMC7429165 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.08.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of heparanase (HPSE) on apoptosis of microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) and trans-endothelial migration of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. METHODS A HCC cell line with high HPSE expression was selected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting and transefected with a lentiviral vector containing an interfering RNA sequence of HPSE. Transwell migration assay was performed to detect the trans-endothelial migration (TEM) rate of the transfected HCC cells across human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In a Transwell indirect co-culture system, the effect of HPSE silencing in the HCC cells was determined on apoptosis of HUVECs in vitro. A nude mouse model of HCC was used to verify the effect of HPSE on apoptosis of MVECs and liver metastasis of the tumor. RESULTS HCCLM3 cell line highly expressing HPSE was selected for the experiment. Transfection of the HCC cells with the lentiviral vector for HPSE interference the HCC cells resulted in significantly lowered TEM rate as compared with the cells transfected with the control vector (P < 0.01). In the indirect co-culture system, the survival rate of HUVECs co-cultured with HCCLM3 cells with HPSE interference was significantly higher and their apoptotic index was significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Ultrastructural observation showed no obvious apoptosis of HUVECs co-cultured with HCCLM3 cells with HPSE interference but revealed obvious apoptotic changes in the control group. In the animal experiment, the tumor formation rate in the liver was 100% (6/6) in the control group, significantly higher than that in RNAi group (33.3%, 2/6) (P < 0.05). Under optical microscope, necrosis and apoptosis of the MVECs was detected in the liver of the control mice, while the endothelial cells remained almost intact in RNAi group. CONCLUSIONS HPSE promotes the metastasis of HCC cells by inducing apoptosis of MVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- 晓鹏 陈
- />皖南医学院弋矶山医院肝胆一科,安徽 芜湖 241001First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - 蕊 叶
- />皖南医学院弋矶山医院肝胆一科,安徽 芜湖 241001First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - 大飞 戴
- />皖南医学院弋矶山医院肝胆一科,安徽 芜湖 241001First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - 玉海 伍
- />皖南医学院弋矶山医院肝胆一科,安徽 芜湖 241001First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - 远林 俞
- />皖南医学院弋矶山医院肝胆一科,安徽 芜湖 241001First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - 斌 程
- />皖南医学院弋矶山医院肝胆一科,安徽 芜湖 241001First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
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Yang WJ, Zhang GL, Cao KX, Liu XN, Wang XM, Yu MW, Li JP, Yang GW. Heparanase from triple‑negative breast cancer and platelets acts as an enhancer of metastasis. Int J Oncol 2020; 57:890-904. [PMID: 32945393 PMCID: PMC7473754 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is characterized by inherently aggressive behavior and lack of recognized molecular targets for therapy, poses a serious threat to women's health worldwide. However, targeted treatments have yet to be made available. A crosstalk between tumor cells and platelets (PLT) contributing to growth, angiogenesis and metastasis has been reported in numerous cancers. Heparanase (Hpa), the only mammalian endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate, has been demonstrated to contribute to the growth, angiogenesis and metastasis of numerous cancers. Hypoxia affects the growth, angiogenesis and metastasis of nearly all solid tumors, and the ability of Hpa to promote invasion is enhanced in hypoxia. However, whether Hpa can strengthen the crosstalk between tumor cells and PLT, and whether enhancing the biological function of Hpa in TNBC promotes malignant progression, have yet to be fully elucidated. The present study, based on bioinformatics analysis and experimental studies in vivo and in vitro, demonstrated that Hpa enhanced the crosstalk between TNBC cells and PLT to increase the supply of oxygen and nutrients, while also conferring tolerance of TNBC cells to oxygen and nutrient shortage, both of which are important for overcoming the stress of hypoxia and nutritional deprivation in the tumor microenvironment, thereby promoting malignant progression, including growth, angiogenesis and metastasis in TNBC. In addition, the hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a)/vascular endothelial growth factor-a (VEGF- a)/phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-)Akt axis may be the key pathway involved in the effects of Hpa on the biological processes mentioned above. Therefore, improving local hypoxia, anti-Hpa treatment and inhibiting PLT activation may improve the prognosis of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Yang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Gan-Lin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Xin Cao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ni Liu
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Wei Yu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75123, Sweden
| | - Guo-Wang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
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