1
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Lee SH, Platt S, Lim CH, Ito M, Myung P. The development of hair follicles and nail. Dev Biol 2024; 513:3-11. [PMID: 38759942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The hair follicle and nail unit develop and regenerate through epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Here, we review some of the key signals and molecular interactions that regulate mammalian hair follicle and nail formation during embryonic development and how these interactions are reutilized to promote their regeneration during adult homeostasis and in response to skin wounding. Finally, we highlight the role of some of these signals in mediating human hair follicle and nail conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soung-Hoon Lee
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Platt
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chae Ho Lim
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mayumi Ito
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peggy Myung
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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2
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Dermitzakis I, Chatzi D, Kyriakoudi SA, Evangelidis N, Vakirlis E, Meditskou S, Theotokis P, Manthou ME. Skin Development and Disease: A Molecular Perspective. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:8239-8267. [PMID: 39194704 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin, the largest organ in the human body, is a crucial protective barrier that plays essential roles in thermoregulation, sensation, and immune defence. This complex organ undergoes intricate processes of development. Skin development initiates during the embryonic stage, orchestrated by molecular cues that control epidermal specification, commitment, stratification, terminal differentiation, and appendage growth. Key signalling pathways are integral in coordinating the development of the epidermis, hair follicles, and sweat glands. The complex interplay among these pathways is vital for the appropriate formation and functionality of the skin. Disruptions in multiple molecular pathways can give rise to a spectrum of skin diseases, from congenital skin disorders to cancers. By delving into the molecular mechanisms implicated in developmental processes, as well as in the pathogenesis of diseases, this narrative review aims to present a comprehensive understanding of these aspects. Such knowledge paves the way for developing innovative targeted therapies and personalised treatment approaches for various skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iasonas Dermitzakis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despoina Chatzi
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stella Aikaterini Kyriakoudi
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Evangelidis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efstratios Vakirlis
- First Department of Dermatology and Venereology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Soultana Meditskou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Eleni Manthou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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3
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Vandishi AK, Esmaeili A, Taghipour N. The promising prospect of human hair follicle regeneration in the shadow of new tissue engineering strategies. Tissue Cell 2024; 87:102338. [PMID: 38428370 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Hair loss disorder (alopecia) affects numerous people around the world. The low effectiveness and numerous side effects of common treatments have prompted researchers to investigate alternative and effective solutions. Hair follicle (HF) bioengineering is the knowledge of using hair-inductive (trichogenic) cells. Most bioengineering-based approaches focus on regenerating folliculogenesis through manipulation of regulators of physical/molecular properties in the HF niche. Despite the high potential of cell therapy, no cell product has been produced for effective treatment in the field of hair regeneration. This problem shows the challenges in the functionality of cultured human hair cells. To achieve this goal, research and development of new and practical approaches, technologies and biomaterials are needed. Based on recent advances in the field, this review evaluates emerging HF bioengineering strategies and the future prospects for the field of tissue engineering and successful HF regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Karami Vandishi
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Esmaeili
- Student Research Committee, Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Taghipour
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Xiong L, Zhevlakova I, West XZ, Gao D, Murtazina R, Horak A, Brown JM, Molokotina I, Podrez EA, Byzova TV. TLR2 regulates hair follicle cycle and regeneration via BMP signaling. eLife 2024; 12:RP89335. [PMID: 38483447 PMCID: PMC10939499 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The etiology of hair loss remains enigmatic, and current remedies remain inadequate. Transcriptome analysis of aging hair follicles uncovered changes in immune pathways, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Our findings demonstrate that the maintenance of hair follicle homeostasis and the regeneration capacity after damage depend on TLR2 in hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). In healthy hair follicles, TLR2 is expressed in a cycle-dependent manner and governs HFSCs activation by countering inhibitory BMP signaling. Hair follicles in aging and obesity exhibit a decrease in both TLR2 and its endogenous ligand carboxyethylpyrrole (CEP), a metabolite of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Administration of CEP stimulates hair regeneration through a TLR2-dependent mechanism. These results establish a novel connection between TLR2-mediated innate immunity and HFSC activation, which is pivotal to hair follicle health and the prevention of hair loss and provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Irina Zhevlakova
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Xiaoxia Z West
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Detao Gao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Rakhilya Murtazina
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Anthony Horak
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Iuliia Molokotina
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Eugene A Podrez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Tatiana V Byzova
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
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5
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Ermakova GV, Meyntser IV, Zaraisky AG, Bayramov AV. Loss of noggin1, a classic embryonic inducer gene, in elasmobranchs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3805. [PMID: 38360907 PMCID: PMC10869764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Secreted proteins of the Noggin family serve as pivotal regulators of early development and cell differentiation in all multicellular animals, including vertebrates. Noggin1 was identified first among all Noggins. Moreover, it was described as the first known embryonic inducer specifically secreted by the Spemann organizer and capable of inducing a secondary body axis when expressed ectopically. In the classical default model of neural induction, Noggin1 is presented as an antagonist of BMP signalling, playing a role as a neural inducer. Additionally, Noggin1 is involved in the dorsalization of embryonic mesoderm and later controls the differentiation of various tissues, including muscles, bones, and neural crest derivatives. Hitherto, noggin1 was found in all studied vertebrates. Here, we report the loss of noggin1 in elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates), which is a unique case among vertebrates. noggin2 and noggin4 retained in this group and studied in the embryos of the grey bamboo shark Chiloscyllium griseum revealed similarities in expression patterns and functional properties with their orthologues described in other vertebrates. The loss of noggin1 in elasmobranchs may be associated with histological features of the formation of their unique internal cartilaginous skeleton, although additional research is required to establish functional connections between these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V Ermakova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Irina V Meyntser
- Moskvarium Center for Oceanography and Marine Biology, Moscow, 129223, Russia
| | - Andrey G Zaraisky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Andrey V Bayramov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
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6
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Iwabuchi T, Ogura K, Hagiwara K, Ueno S, Kitamura H, Yamanishi H, Tsunekawa Y, Kiso A. Ginsenosides in Panax ginseng Extract Promote Anagen Transition by Suppressing BMP4 Expression and Promote Human Hair Growth by Stimulating Follicle-Cell Proliferation. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:240-244. [PMID: 38246611 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Studies showing that Panax ginseng promotes hair growth have largely been conducted using mice; there are few reports on how P. ginseng affects human hair growth. In particular, little is known about its effect on the telogen to anagen transition. To determine the effect of P. ginseng on human hair growth and the transition from the telogen to the anagen phase. The effects of P. ginseng extract (PGE) and the three major ginsenoside components, Rb1, Rg1, and Re, on the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and human outer root sheath cells (ORSCs) were investigated. The effects of these compounds on the cell expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18) and Noggin were assessed by real-time PCR. The effect of PGE on hair-shaft elongation was determined in a human hair follicle organ-culture system. PGE and the three ginsenosides stimulated the proliferation of DPCs and ORSCs and suppressed BMP4 expression in DPCs but did not affect FGF18 expression in ORSCs and Noggin expression in DPCs. PGE stimulated hair-shaft growth. PGE and the ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, and Re stimulate the transition from the telogen phase to anagen phase of the hair cycle by suppressing BMP4 expression in DPCs. These compounds might be useful for promoting the growth of human hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokuro Iwabuchi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology
| | - Kazuki Ogura
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology
| | - Kenta Hagiwara
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology
| | - Shogo Ueno
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology
| | - Hiroaki Kitamura
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology
| | - Haruyo Yamanishi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology
| | - Yuki Tsunekawa
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology
| | - Akinori Kiso
- Research Center, Maruzen Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd
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7
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Mäkelä OJM, Mikkola ML. Mesenchyme governs hair follicle induction. Development 2023; 150:dev202140. [PMID: 37982496 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Tissue interactions are essential for guiding organ development and regeneration. Hair follicle formation relies on inductive signalling between two tissues, the embryonic surface epithelium and the adjacent mesenchyme. Although previous research has highlighted the hair-inducing potential of the mesenchymal component of the hair follicle - the dermal papilla and its precursor, the dermal condensate - the source and nature of the primary inductive signal before dermal condensate formation have remained elusive. Here, we performed epithelial-mesenchymal tissue recombination experiments using hair-forming back skin and glabrous plantar skin from mouse embryos to unveil that the back skin mesenchyme is inductive even before dermal condensate formation. Moreover, the naïve, unpatterned mesenchyme was sufficient to trigger hair follicle formation even in the oral epithelium. Building on previous knowledge, we explored the hair-inductive ability of the Wnt agonist R-spondin 1 and a Bmp receptor inhibitor in embryonic skin explants. Although R-spondin 1 instigated precocious placode-specific transcriptional responses, it was insufficient for hair follicle induction, either alone or in combination with Bmp receptor inhibition. Our findings pave the way for identifying the hair follicle-inducing cue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto J M Mäkelä
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja L Mikkola
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Xiong L, Zhevlakova I, West XZ, Gao D, Murtazina R, Horak A, Brown JM, Molokotina I, Podrez EA, Byzova TV. TLR2 Regulates Hair Follicle Cycle and Regeneration via BMP Signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.14.553236. [PMID: 37645905 PMCID: PMC10462054 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.14.553236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of hair loss remains enigmatic, and current remedies remain inadequate. Transcriptome analysis of aging hair follicles uncovered changes in immune pathways, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Our findings demonstrate that the maintenance of hair follicle homeostasis and the regeneration capacity after damage depends on TLR2 in hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). In healthy hair follicles, TLR2 is expressed in a cycle-dependent manner and governs HFSCs activation by countering inhibitory BMP signaling. Hair follicles in aging and obesity exhibit a decrease in both TLR2 and its endogenous ligand carboxyethylpyrrole (CEP), a metabolite of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Administration of CEP stimulates hair regeneration through a TLR2-dependent mechanism. These results establish a novel connection between TLR2-mediated innate immunity and HFSC activation, which is pivotal to hair follicle health and the prevention of hair loss and provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Irina Zhevlakova
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Z. West
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Detao Gao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Rakhylia Murtazina
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Current address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois; Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Anthony Horak
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - J. Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Iuliia Molokotina
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Eugene A. Podrez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Tatiana V. Byzova
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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9
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Wei H, Du S, Parksong J, Pasolli HA, Matte-Martone C, Regot S, Gonzalez LE, Xin T, Greco V. Organ function is preserved despite reorganization of niche architecture in the hair follicle. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:962-972.e6. [PMID: 37419106 PMCID: PMC10362479 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability of stem cells to build and replenish tissues depends on support from their niche. Although niche architecture varies across organs, its functional importance is unclear. During hair follicle growth, multipotent epithelial progenitors build hair via crosstalk with their remodeling fibroblast niche, the dermal papilla, providing a powerful model to functionally interrogate niche architecture. Through mouse intravital imaging, we show that dermal papilla fibroblasts remodel individually and collectively to form a morphologically polarized, structurally robust niche. Asymmetric TGF-β signaling precedes morphological niche polarity, and loss of TGF-β signaling in dermal papilla fibroblasts leads them to progressively lose their stereotypic architecture, instead surrounding the epithelium. The reorganized niche induces the redistribution of multipotent progenitors but nevertheless supports their proliferation and differentiation. However, the differentiated lineages and hairs produced by progenitors are shorter. Overall, our results reveal that niche architecture optimizes organ efficiency but is not absolutely essential for organ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Wei
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shuangshuang Du
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jeeun Parksong
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - H Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Sergi Regot
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lauren E Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Tianchi Xin
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Valentina Greco
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Dermatology, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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10
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Banjac I, Maimets M, Jensen KB. Maintenance of high-turnover tissues during and beyond homeostasis. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:348-361. [PMID: 37028402 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Tissues with a high turnover rate produce millions of cells daily and have abundant regenerative capacity. At the core of their maintenance are populations of stem cells that balance self-renewal and differentiation to produce the adequate numbers of specialized cells required for carrying out essential tissue functions. Here, we compare and contrast the intricate mechanisms and elements of homeostasis and injury-driven regeneration in the epidermis, hematopoietic system, and intestinal epithelium-the fastest renewing tissues in mammals. We highlight the functional relevance of the main mechanisms and identify open questions in the field of tissue maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidora Banjac
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Martti Maimets
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Kim B Jensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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11
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Glover JD, Sudderick ZR, Shih BBJ, Batho-Samblas C, Charlton L, Krause AL, Anderson C, Riddell J, Balic A, Li J, Klika V, Woolley TE, Gaffney EA, Corsinotti A, Anderson RA, Johnston LJ, Brown SJ, Wang S, Chen Y, Crichton ML, Headon DJ. The developmental basis of fingerprint pattern formation and variation. Cell 2023; 186:940-956.e20. [PMID: 36764291 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Fingerprints are complex and individually unique patterns in the skin. Established prenatally, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that guide fingerprint ridge formation and their intricate arrangements are unknown. Here we show that fingerprint ridges are epithelial structures that undergo a truncated hair follicle developmental program and fail to recruit a mesenchymal condensate. Their spatial pattern is established by a Turing reaction-diffusion system, based on signaling between EDAR, WNT, and antagonistic BMP pathways. These signals resolve epithelial growth into bands of focalized proliferation under a precociously differentiated suprabasal layer. Ridge formation occurs as a set of waves spreading from variable initiation sites defined by the local signaling environments and anatomical intricacies of the digit, with the propagation and meeting of these waves determining the type of pattern that forms. Relying on a dynamic patterning system triggered at spatially distinct sites generates the characteristic types and unending variation of human fingerprint patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Glover
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Zoe R Sudderick
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Barbara Bo-Ju Shih
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | | | - Laura Charlton
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Andrew L Krause
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Calum Anderson
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Jon Riddell
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Adam Balic
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Jinxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PRC
| | - Václav Klika
- Department of Mathematics, FNSPE, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague 16000, Czechia
| | | | - Eamonn A Gaffney
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Andrea Corsinotti
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Richard A Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Luke J Johnston
- Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sara J Brown
- Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sijia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PRC
| | - Yuhang Chen
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Michael L Crichton
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Denis J Headon
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK.
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12
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Duran C, Barcenas M, Wang Q. Modeling of ionizing radiation induced hair follicle regenerative dynamics. J Theor Biol 2022; 555:111283. [PMID: 36181867 PMCID: PMC10151310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hair follicles (HFs) are stem-cell-rich mammalian mini-organs that can undergo cyclic regenerations over the life span of the organism. The cycle of a HF consists of three consecutive phases: anagen-the active proliferation phase, catagen-the degeneration phase, and telogen-the resting phase. While HFs undergo irreversible degeneration during catagen, recent experimental research on mice shows that when anagen HFs are subject to ionizing radiation (IR), they undergo a transient degeneration, followed by a nearly full regeneration that makes the HFs return to homeostatic state. The mechanisms underlying these IR-induced HF regenerative dynamics and the catagen degenerative dynamics, remain unknown. In this work, we develop an ODE type cell differentiation population model to study the control mechanisms of HF regeneration. The model is built based on current theoretical knowledge in biology and mathematically formulated using feedback mechanisms. Model parameters are calibrated to IR experimental data, and we then provide modeling results with both deterministic ODE simulations and corresponding stochastic simulations. We perform stability and bifurcation analyses on the ODE model, which reveal that for anagen HFs, a low spontaneous apoptosis rate secures the stability of the HF homeostatic steady state, allowing the HF to regenerate even when subject to strong IR. On the other hand, the irreversible degeneration during catagen results from both strong spontaneous apoptosis rate and strong apoptosis feedback. Lastly, we perform sensitivity analysis to identify key parameters in the model to validate these hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Duran
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA; Interdisciplinary Center for Quantitative Modeling in Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Manuel Barcenas
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Qixuan Wang
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA; Interdisciplinary Center for Quantitative Modeling in Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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13
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Myung P, Andl T, Atit R. The origins of skin diversity: lessons from dermal fibroblasts. Development 2022; 149:dev200298. [PMID: 36444877 PMCID: PMC10112899 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Skin is largely composed of an epidermis that overlies a supporting dermis. Recent advancements in our understanding of how diverse groups of dermal fibroblasts regulate epidermal and hair follicle growth and differentiation have been fueled by tools capable of resolving molecular heterogeneity at a single-cell level. Fibroblast heterogeneity can be traced back to their developmental origin before their segregation into spatially distinct fibroblast subtypes. The mechanisms that drive this lineage diversification during development are being unraveled, with studies showing that both large- and small-scale positional signals play important roles during dermal development. Here, we first delineate what is known about the origins of the dermis and the central role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in its specification across anatomical locations. We then discuss how one of the first morphologically recognizable fibroblast subtypes, the hair follicle dermal condensate lineage, emerges. Leveraging the natural variation of skin and its appendages between species and between different anatomical locations, these collective studies have identified shared and divergent factors that contribute to the extraordinary diversity of skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Myung
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Radhika Atit
- Department of Biology, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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14
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Liu Z, Huang J, Kang D, Zhou Y, Du L, Qu Q, Wang J, Wen L, Fu D, Hu Z, Miao Y. Microenvironmental Reprogramming of Human Dermal Papilla Cells for Hair Follicle Tissue Engineering. Acta Biomater 2022:S1742-7061(22)00730-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Fatima I, Chen G, Botchkareva NV, Sharov AA, Thornton D, Wilkinson HN, Hardman MJ, Grutzkau A, Pedro de Magalhaes J, Seluanov A, Smith ESJ, Gorbunova V, Mardaryev AN, Faulkes CG, Botchkarev VA. Skin Aging in Long-Lived Naked Mole-Rats Is Accompanied by Increased Expression of Longevity-Associated and Tumor Suppressor Genes. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2853-2863.e4. [PMID: 35691364 PMCID: PMC9613526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Naked mole-rats (NMRs) (Heterocephalus glaber) are long-lived mammals that possess a natural resistance to cancer and other age-related pathologies, maintaining a healthy life span >30 years. In this study, using immunohistochemical and RNA-sequencing analyses, we compare skin morphology, cellular composition, and global transcriptome signatures between young and aged (aged 3‒4 vs. 19‒23 years, respectively) NMRs. We show that similar to aging in human skin, aging in NMRs is accompanied by a decrease in epidermal thickness; keratinocyte proliferation; and a decline in the number of Merkel cells, T cells, antigen-presenting cells, and melanocytes. Similar to that in human skin aging, expression levels of dermal collagens are decreased, whereas matrix metalloproteinase 9 and matrix metalloproteinase 11 levels increased in aged versus in young NMR skin. RNA-sequencing analyses reveal that in contrast to human or mouse skin aging, the transcript levels of several longevity-associated (Igfbp3, Igf2bp3, Ing2) and tumor-suppressor (Btg2, Cdkn1a, Cdkn2c, Dnmt3a, Hic1, Socs3, Sfrp1, Sfrp5, Thbs1, Tsc1, Zfp36) genes are increased in aged NMR skin. Overall, these data suggest that specific features in the NMR skin aging transcriptome might contribute to the resistance of NMRs to spontaneous skin carcinogenesis and provide a platform for further investigations of NMRs as a model organism for studying the biology and disease resistance of human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Fatima
- Centre for Skin Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Guodong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Natalia V Botchkareva
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrey A Sharov
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Thornton
- Genomics of Aging and Rejuvenation Laboratory, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Univeristy of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Holly N Wilkinson
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Hardman
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Grutzkau
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joao Pedro de Magalhaes
- Genomics of Aging and Rejuvenation Laboratory, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Univeristy of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Department of Biology, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Ewan St J Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Andrei N Mardaryev
- Centre for Skin Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Chris G Faulkes
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir A Botchkarev
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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16
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Jaiswal A, Singh R. Homeostases of epidermis and hair follicle, and development of basal cell carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188795. [PMID: 36089203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog signaling (Hh) plays a critical role in embryogenesis. On the other hand, its overactivity may cause basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most common human cancer. Further, epidermal and hair follicle homeostases may have a key role in the development of BCC. This article describes the importance of different signaling pathways in the different stages of the two processes. The description of the homeostases brought up the importance of the Notch signaling along with the sonic hedgehog (Shh) and the Wnt pathways. Loss of the Notch signaling adversely affects the late stages of hair follicle formation and allows the bulge cells in the hair follicles to take the fate of the keratinocytes in the interfollicular epidermis. Further, the loss of Notch activity upregulates the Shh and Wnt activities, adversely affecting the homeostases. Notably, the Notch signaling is suppressed in BCC, and the peripheral BCC cells, which have low Notch activity, show drug resistance in comparison to the interior suprabasal BCC cells, which have high Notch activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Jaiswal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Raghvendra Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
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17
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Li S, Liu G, Liu L, Li F. Methionine can subside hair follicle development prejudice of heat-stressed rex rabbits. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22464. [PMID: 35881391 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the present experiment, we study the function of methionine on hair follicle development in heat-stressed Rex Rabbits and its potential molecular mechanism. Rex rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups (30 replicates per group): control group (20-25°C, fed basic diet), heat stress group (30-34°C, fed basic diet), heat stress + methionine group (30-34°C, fed 0.15% methionine in addition to the basic diet). fed basic diet (control), heat stress + methionine group (30-34°C, fed 0.3% methionine in addition to the basic diet), heat stress + methionine group (30-34°C, fed 0.45% methionine in addition to the basic diet). The results show that heat stress decreases the hair follicle density of Rex rabbits, and the diet methionine addition significantly increases the hair follicle density of heat-stressed Rabbits (p < .05). Heat stress increased serum HSP70 concentration and skin HSP70 gene expression, 0.15%-0.3% methionine but not 0.45% addition alleviated the effect of heat stress. Dietary 0.15% methionine addition significantly increases the gene expression of Wnt10b, β-catenin, LEF, FZD4, LRP6, Shh, HGF, EGF, and Noggin in heat-stressed Rex rabbits and observably decreases the gene expression of BMP2/4 and TGFb. There was no significant effect of methionine on the expression of IGF1 and FGF5/7 gene expression. In conclusion, methionine maybe promotes hair follicle development via TGFβ-BMP/Shh-Noggin, Wnt10b/β-catenin, EGF, and HGF signaling pathways in heat-stressed rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
| | - Gongyan Liu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
| | - Fuchang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
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18
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Vitamin A in Skin and Hair: An Update. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142952. [PMID: 35889909 PMCID: PMC9324272 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble micronutrient necessary for the growth of healthy skin and hair. However, both too little and too much vitamin A has deleterious effects. Retinoic acid and retinal are the main active metabolites of vitamin A. Retinoic acid dose-dependently regulates hair follicle stem cells, influencing the functioning of the hair cycle, wound healing, and melanocyte stem cells. Retinoic acid also influences melanocyte differentiation and proliferation in a dose-dependent and temporal manner. Levels of retinoids decline when exposed to ultraviolet irradiation in the skin. Retinal is necessary for the phototransduction cascade that initiates melanogenesis but the source of that retinal is currently unknown. This review discusses new research on retinoids and their effects on the skin and hair.
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19
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Shi R, Li S, Liu P, Zhang S, Wu Z, Wu T, Gong S, Wan Y. Identification of key genes and signaling pathways related to Hetian sheep wool density by RNA-seq technology. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265989. [PMID: 35613128 PMCID: PMC9132291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hetian sheep is a breed of sheep unique to the Hetian area of Xinjiang whose wool is used for producing blankets. Individual differences and hair follicle density are the key factors affecting wool production. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the Hetian sheep having different wool densities to statistically analyze the wool traits and hair follicle parameters. Furthermore, the transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed on the skins with different wool densities. The results showed that wool quantity and total hair follicle density of the high wool density sheep was significantly higher than low wool density sheep. The sheepskin with high wool density was found to grow more and finer wool than sheepskin with low wool density. A total of 1,452 differentially expressed genes were screened from the two sets of samples, including 754 upregulated and 698 downregulated genes. The differentially expressed genes were involved in the TGF-β/BMP and MAPK signaling pathways related to hair growth. Eleven differentially expressed genes belonging to the KAPs and KIFs might affect the fineness of the wool. The key genes, like the TNF, MAP2K2, INHBA, FST, PTPN11, MAP3K7, KIT, and BMPR1A, were found to probably affect the growth and density of the wool. The qPCR verified eight genes related to the MAPK pathway whose gene expression trends were consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. This study furnishes valuable resources for enhancing the quality and production of wool in the Hetian sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Protection & Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Protection & Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Penggang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuhui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhenhui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Protection & Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Tinghui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Protection & Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Shujuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Protection & Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Yu Wan
- Key Laboratory of Protection & Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
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20
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Anudeep TC, Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Rajendran RL, Gangadaran P, Mishra PC, Sharma S, Jha SK, Ahn BC. Advancing Regenerative Cellular Therapies in Non-Scarring Alopecia. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030612. [PMID: 35335987 PMCID: PMC8953616 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia or baldness is a common diagnosis in clinical practice. Alopecia can be scarring or non-scarring, diffuse or patchy. The most prevalent type of alopecia is non-scarring alopecia, with the majority of cases being androgenetic alopecia (AGA) or alopecia areata (AA). AGA is traditionally treated with minoxidil and finasteride, while AA is treated with immune modulators; however, both treatments have significant downsides. These drawbacks compel us to explore regenerative therapies that are relatively devoid of adverse effects. A thorough literature review was conducted to explore the existing proven and experimental regenerative treatment modalities in non-scarring alopecia. Multiple treatment options compelled us to classify them into growth factor-rich and stem cell-rich. The growth factor-rich group included platelet-rich plasma, stem cell-conditioned medium, exosomes and placental extract whereas adult stem cells (adipose-derived stem cell-nano fat and stromal vascular fraction; bone marrow stem cell and hair follicle stem cells) and perinatal stem cells (umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs), Wharton jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs), amniotic fluid-derived MSCs (AF-MSCs), and placental MSCs) were grouped into the stem cell-rich group. Because of its regenerative and proliferative capabilities, MSC lies at the heart of regenerative cellular treatment for hair restoration. A literature review revealed that both adult and perinatal MSCs are successful as a mesotherapy for hair regrowth. However, there is a lack of standardization in terms of preparation, dose, and route of administration. To better understand the source and mode of action of regenerative cellular therapies in hair restoration, we have proposed the "À La Mode Classification". In addition, available evidence-based cellular treatments for hair regrowth have been thoroughly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talagavadi Channaiah Anudeep
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai 400008, India;
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India; (M.J.); (S.M.); (S.K.J.)
- À La Mode Esthétique Studio, Mysuru 570011, India
- International Association of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), New Delhi 110092, India; (P.C.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India; (M.J.); (S.M.); (S.K.J.)
- International Association of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), New Delhi 110092, India; (P.C.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine—Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, India
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India; (M.J.); (S.M.); (S.K.J.)
- International Association of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), New Delhi 110092, India; (P.C.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul 624304, India
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (B.-C.A.)
| | - Prabhu Chandra Mishra
- International Association of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), New Delhi 110092, India; (P.C.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Shilpa Sharma
- International Association of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), New Delhi 110092, India; (P.C.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India; (M.J.); (S.M.); (S.K.J.)
- International Association of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), New Delhi 110092, India; (P.C.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (B.-C.A.)
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21
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Chalmers FE, Dusold JE, Shaik JA, Walsh HA, Glick AB. Targeted deletion of TGFβ1 in basal keratinocytes causes profound defects in stratified squamous epithelia and aberrant melanocyte migration. Dev Biol 2022; 485:9-23. [PMID: 35227671 PMCID: PMC8969113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGFβ1) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates proliferation, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of epithelial cells. While its role in cancer is well studied, less is known about TGFβ1 and regulation of epithelial development. To address this, we deleted TGFβ1 in basal keratinocytes of stratified squamous epithelia. Newborn mice with a homozygous TGFβ1 deletion had significant defects in proliferation and differentiation of the epidermis and oral mucosa, and died shortly after birth. Hair follicles were sparse in TGFβ1 depleted skin and had delayed development. Additionally, the Wnt pathway transcription factor LEF1 was reduced in hair follicle bulbs and nearly absent from the basal epithelial layer. Hemizygous knockout mice survived to adulthood but were runted and had sparse coats. The skin of these mice had irregular hair follicle morphology and aberrant hair cycle progression, as well as abnormally high melanin expression and delayed melanocyte migration. In contrast to newborn TGFβ1 null mice, the epidermis was hyperproliferative, acanthotic and inflamed. Expression of p63, a master regulator of stratified epithelial identity, proliferation and differentiation, was reduced in TGFβ1 null newborn epidermis but expanded in the postnatal acanthotic epidermis of TGFβ1 hemizygous mice. Thus, TGFβ1 is both essential and haploinsufficient with context dependent roles in stratified squamous epithelial development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E Chalmers
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Justyn E Dusold
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Javed A Shaik
- Dermatology Department, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Hailey A Walsh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Adam B Glick
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, USA.
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22
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Abreu CM, Marques AP. Recreation of a hair follicle regenerative microenvironment: Successes and pitfalls. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10235. [PMID: 35079623 PMCID: PMC8780054 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hair follicle (HF) is an exquisite skin appendage endowed with cyclical regenerative capacity; however, de novo follicle formation does not naturally occur. Consequently, patients suffering from extensive skin damage or hair loss are deprived of the HF critical physiological and/or aesthetic functions, severally compromising skin function and the individual's psychosocial well-being. Translation of regenerative strategies has been prevented by the loss of trichogenic capacity that relevant cell populations undergo in culture and by the lack of suitable human-based in vitro testing platforms. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the major difficulties associated with HF regeneration and the approaches used to overcome these drawbacks. We describe key cellular requirements and discuss the importance of the HF extracellular matrix and associated signaling for HF regeneration. Finally, we summarize the strategies proposed so far to bioengineer human HF or hair-bearing skin models and disclose future trends for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M. Abreu
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs ‐ Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineAvePark–Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, University of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate LaboratoryGuimarãesPortugal
| | - Alexandra P. Marques
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs ‐ Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineAvePark–Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, University of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate LaboratoryGuimarãesPortugal
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23
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Gras-Peña R, Danzl NM, Khosravi-Maharlooei M, Campbell SR, Ruiz AE, Parks CA, Suen Savage WM, Holzl MA, Chatterjee D, Sykes M. Human stem cell-derived thymic epithelial cells enhance human T-cell development in a xenogeneic thymus. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 149:1755-1771. [PMID: 34695489 PMCID: PMC9023620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generation of thymic tissue from pluripotent stem cells would provide therapies for acquired and congenital thymic insufficiency states. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to generate human thymic epithelial progenitors from human embryonic stem cells (hES-TEPs) and to assess their thymopoietic function in vivo. METHODS This study differentiated hES-TEPs by mimicking developmental queues with FGF8, retinoic acid, SHH, Noggin, and BMP4. Their function was assessed in reaggregate cellular grafts under the kidney capsule and in hybrid thymi by incorporating them into swine thymus (SwTHY) grafts implanted under the kidney capsules of immunodeficient mice that received human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (hHSPCs) intravenously. RESULTS Cultured hES-TEPs expressed FOXN1 and formed colonies expressing EPCAM and both cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cell markers. In thymectomized immunodeficient mice receiving hHSPCs, hES-TEPs mixed with human thymic mesenchymal cells supported human T-cell development. Hypothesizing that support from non-epithelial thymic cells might allow long-term function of hES-TEPs, the investigators injected them into SwTHY tissue, which supports human thymopoiesis in NOD severe combined immunodeficiency IL2Rγnull mice receiving hHSPCs. hES-TEPs integrated into SwTHY grafts, enhanced human thymopoiesis, and increased peripheral CD4+ naive T-cell reconstitution. CONCLUSIONS This study has developed and demonstrated in vivo thymopoietic function of hES-TEPs generated with a novel differentiation protocol. The SwTHY hybrid thymus model demonstrates beneficial effects on human thymocyte development of hES-TEPs maturing in the context of a supportive thymic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Gras-Peña
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY.
| | - Nichole M Danzl
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Mohsen Khosravi-Maharlooei
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Sean R Campbell
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Amanda E Ruiz
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Christopher A Parks
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - William Meng Suen Savage
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Markus A Holzl
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Debanjana Chatterjee
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Surgery and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY.
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Abreu CM, Reis RL, Marques AP. Dermal papilla cells and melanocytes response to physiological oxygen levels depends on their interactions. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13013. [PMID: 34101928 PMCID: PMC8249782 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human dermal papilla (DP) cells and melanocytes (hMel) are central players in hair growth and pigmentation, respectively. In hair follicles (HFs), oxygen (O2) levels average 5%, being coupled with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), necessary to promote hair growth. Materials and Methods DP cell and hMel proliferation and phenotype were studied under physiological (5%O2, physoxia) or atmospheric (21%O2, normoxia) oxygen levels. hMel‐DP cells interactions were studied in indirect co‐culture or by directly co‐culturing hMel with DP spheroids, to test whether their interaction affected the response to physoxia. Results Physoxia decreased DP cell senescence and improved their secretome and phenotype, as well as hMel proliferation, migration, and tyrosinase activity. In indirect co‐cultures, physoxia affected DP cells’ alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity but their signalling did not influence hMel proliferation or tyrosinase activity. Additionally, ROS production was higher than in monocultures but a direct correlation between ROS generation and ALP activity in DP cells was not observed. In the 3D aggregates, where hMel are organized around the DP, both hMel tyrosinase and DP cells ALP activities, their main functional indicators, plus ROS production were higher in physoxia than normoxia. Conclusions Overall, we showed that the response to physoxia differs according to hMel‐DP cells interactions and that the microenvironment recreated when in direct contact favours their functions, which can be relevant for hair regeneration purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Abreu
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alexandra P Marques
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
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25
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Abreu CM, Cerqueira MT, Pirraco RP, Gasperini L, Reis RL, Marques AP. Rescuing key native traits in cultured dermal papilla cells for human hair regeneration. J Adv Res 2021; 30:103-112. [PMID: 34026290 PMCID: PMC8132206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The dermal papilla (DP) represents the major regulatory entity within the hair follicle (HF), inducing hair formation and growth through reciprocal interactions with epithelial cells. However, human DP cells rapidly lose their hair inductive ability when cultured in an epithelium-deficient environment. Objectives To determine if the conditioned medium collected from interfollicular keratinocytes (KCs-CM) is capable of improving DP cell native properties and inductive phenotype. Methods DP cells were cultured with KCs-CM both in 2D and 3D culture conditions (spheroids). Further, the hair-inductive capacity of DP cells precultured with KCs-CM was tested in a hair reconstitution assay, after co-grafting with human keratinocytes in nude mice. Results We demonstrate that KCs-CM contributes to restore the inductivity of cultured human DP cells in a more effective mode than the conventional 3D-cultures. This is supported by the higher active alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in DP cells, the improved self-aggregative capacity and the reduced expression of α-SMA and the V1-isoform of versican. Moreover, DP cells cultured with KCs-CM displayed a secretome profile (VEGF, BMP2, TGF- β1, IL-6) that matches the one observed during anagen. KCs-CM also enhanced DP cell proliferation, while preventing cells to undergo morphological changes characteristic of high passage cells. In opposition, the amount of collagenous and non-collagenous proteins deposited by DP cells was lower in the presence of KCs-CM. The improvement in ALP activity was maintained in 3D spheroidal cultures, even after KCs-CM retrieval, being superior to the effect of the gold-standard culture conditions. Moreover, DP cells cultured with KCs-CM and grafted with human keratinocytes supported the formation of HF- and sebaceous gland-like structures in mice. Conclusion The proposed strategy encourages future cell-based strategies for HF regeneration not only in the context of hair-associated disorders, but also in the management of wounds to aid in restoring critical skin regulatory appendages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M. Abreu
- 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Avepark 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mariana T. Cerqueira
- 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Avepark 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rogério P. Pirraco
- 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Avepark 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luca Gasperini
- 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Avepark 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Avepark 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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26
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Suo L, VanBuren C, Hovland ED, Kedishvili NY, Sundberg JP, Everts HB. Dietary Vitamin A Impacts Refractory Telogen. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:571474. [PMID: 33614636 PMCID: PMC7892905 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.571474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicles cycle through periods of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), rest (telogen), and release (exogen). Telogen is further divided into refractory and competent telogen based on expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and wingless-related MMTV integration site 7A (WNT7A). During refractory telogen hair follicle stem cells (HFSC) are inhibited. Retinoic acid synthesis proteins localized to the hair follicle and this localization pattern changed throughout the hair cycle. In addition, excess retinyl esters arrested hair follicles in telogen. The purpose of this study was to further define these hair cycle changes. BMP4 and WNT7A expression was also used to distinguish refractory from competent telogen in C57BL/6J mice fed different levels of retinyl esters from two previous studies. These two studies produced opposite results; and differed in the amount of retinyl esters the dams consumed and the age of the mice when the different diet began. There were a greater percentage of hair follicles in refractory telogen both when mice were bred on an unpurified diet containing copious levels of retinyl esters (study 1) and consumed excess levels of retinyl esters starting at 12 weeks of age, as well as when mice were bred on a purified diet containing adequate levels of retinyl esters (study 2) and remained on this diet at 6 weeks of age. WNT7A expression was consistent with these results. Next, the localization of vitamin A metabolism proteins in the two stages of telogen was examined. Keratin 6 (KRT6) and cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2 (CRABP2) localized almost exclusively to refractory telogen hair follicles in study 1. However, KRT6 and CRABP2 localized to both competent and refractory telogen hair follicles in mice fed adequate and high levels of retinyl esters in study 2. In mice bred and fed an unpurified diet retinol dehydrogenase SDR16C5, retinal dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH1A2), and cytochrome p450 26B1 (CYP26B1), enzymes and proteins involved in RA metabolism, localized to BMP4 positive refractory telogen hair follicles. This suggests that vitamin A may contribute to the inhibition of HFSC during refractory telogen in a dose dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Suo
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Christine VanBuren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Eylul Damla Hovland
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Natalia Y Kedishvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Helen B Everts
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, United States
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27
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Identification of potential key genes and pathways associated with the Pashmina fiber initiation using RNA-Seq and integrated bioinformatics analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1766. [PMID: 33469142 PMCID: PMC7815713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pashmina goat (Capra hircus) is an economically important livestock species, which habitats the cold arid desert of the Ladakh region (India), and produces a princely animal fiber called Pashmina. The Pashmina goat has a double coat fleece as an adaptation to the very harsh cold winters the outer long coarse hair (guard hair) produced from primary hair follicles and the inner fine Pashmina fiber produced from secondary hair follicles. Pashmina fiber undergoes a circannual and synchronized growth cycle. In the present study, we analyzed transcriptome profiles from 10 different Pashmina goats during anagen and telogen to delineate genes and signaling pathways regulating active (anagen) and regressive (telogen) phases of the follicle growth. During anagen, 150 genes were expressed at significantly higher levels with log (FC) > 2 and padj < 0.05. The RNA seq results were subjected to qRT-PCR validation. Among the nine genes selected, the expression of HAS1, TRIB2, P2RX1. PRG4, CNR2, and MMP25 were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the anagen phase, whereas MC4R, GIPC2, and CDO1 were significantly expressed (p < 0.05) in the telogen phase which supports and validates the gene expression pattern from the RNA-sequencing. Differentially expressed genes revealed that Pashmina fiber initiation is largely controlled by signaling pathways like Wnt, NF-Kappa, JAK-STAT, Hippo, MAPK, Calcium, and PI3K-Akt. Expression of genes from the Integrin family, Cell adhesion molecules, and ECM-receptors were observed to be at much higher levels during anagen. We identified key genes (IL36RN, IGF2, ITGAV, ITGA5, ITCCR7, CXCL5, C3, CCL19, and CXCR3) and a collagen cluster which might be tightly correlated with anagen-induction. The regulatory network suggests the potential role of RUNX3, NR2F1/2, and GATA family transcription factors in anagen-initiation and maintaining fiber quality in Pashmina goats.
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28
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Abreu CM, Pirraco RP, Reis RL, Cerqueira MT, Marques AP. Interfollicular epidermal stem-like cells for the recreation of the hair follicle epithelial compartment. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:62. [PMID: 33451331 PMCID: PMC7811263 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair follicle (HF) development and growth are dependent on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions (EMIs). Dermal papilla (DP) cells are recognized as the key inductive mesenchymal player, but the ideal source of receptive keratinocytes for human HF regeneration is yet to be defined. We herein investigated whether human interfollicular epidermal keratinocytes with stem-like features (EpSlKCs), characterized by a α6bri/CD71dim expression, can replace human hair follicular keratinocytes (HHFKCs) for the recreation of the HF epithelium and respective EMIs. METHODS The α6bri/CD71dim cellular fraction was selected from the whole interfollicular keratinocyte population through fluorescence-activated cell sorting and directly compared with follicular keratinocytes in terms of their proliferative capacity and phenotype. The crosstalk with DP cells was studied in an indirect co-culture system, and EpSlKC hair forming capacity tested in a hair reconstitution assay when combined with DP cells. RESULTS EpSlKCs exhibited a phenotypic profile similar to follicular keratinocytes and were capable of increasing DP cell proliferation and, for short co-culture times, the number of alkaline phosphatase-active cells, suggesting an improvement of their inductivity. Moreover, the recreation of immature HFs and sebaceous glands was observed after EpSlKC and DP cell co-grafting in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that EpSlKCs are akin to follicular keratinocytes and can crosstalk with DP cells, contributing to HF morphogenesis in vivo, thus representing an attractive epithelial cell source for hair regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Abreu
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rogério P Pirraco
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mariana T Cerqueira
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alexandra P Marques
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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29
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Daszczuk P, Mazurek P, Pieczonka TD, Olczak A, Boryń ŁM, Kobielak K. An Intrinsic Oscillation of Gene Networks Inside Hair Follicle Stem Cells: An Additional Layer That Can Modulate Hair Stem Cell Activities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:595178. [PMID: 33363148 PMCID: PMC7758224 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.595178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article explores and summarizes recent progress in and the characterization of main players in the regulation and cyclic regeneration of hair follicles. The review discusses current views and discoveries on the molecular mechanisms that allow hair follicle stem cells (hfSCs) to synergistically integrate homeostasis during quiescence and activation. Discussion elaborates on a model that shows how different populations of skin stem cells coalesce intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms, resulting in the maintenance of stemness and hair regenerative potential during an organism’s lifespan. Primarily, we focus on the question of how the intrinsic oscillation of gene networks in hfSCs sense and respond to the surrounding niche environment. The review also investigates the existence of a cell-autonomous mechanism and the reciprocal interactions between molecular signaling axes in hfSCs and niche components, which demonstrates its critical driving force in either the activation of whole mini-organ regeneration or quiescent homeostasis maintenance. These exciting novel discoveries in skin stem cells and the surrounding niche components propose a model of the intrinsic stem cell oscillator which is potentially instructive for translational regenerative medicine. Further studies, deciphering of the distribution of molecular signals coupled with the nature of their oscillation within the stem cells and niche environments, may impact the speed and efficiency of various approaches that could stimulate the development of self-renewal and cell-based therapies for hair follicle stem cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Daszczuk
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, Development and Tissue Regeneration, Centre of New Technologies (CeNT), University of Warsaw (UW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paula Mazurek
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, Development and Tissue Regeneration, Centre of New Technologies (CeNT), University of Warsaw (UW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz D Pieczonka
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, Development and Tissue Regeneration, Centre of New Technologies (CeNT), University of Warsaw (UW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Olczak
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, Development and Tissue Regeneration, Centre of New Technologies (CeNT), University of Warsaw (UW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz M Boryń
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, Development and Tissue Regeneration, Centre of New Technologies (CeNT), University of Warsaw (UW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kobielak
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, Development and Tissue Regeneration, Centre of New Technologies (CeNT), University of Warsaw (UW), Warsaw, Poland
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30
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Nicu C, Wikramanayake TC, Paus R. Clues that mitochondria are involved in the hair cycle clock: MPZL3 regulates entry into and progression of murine hair follicle cycling. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:1243-1249. [PMID: 33040410 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The molecular nature of the hair cycle clock (HCC), the intrinsic oscillator system that drives hair follicle (HF) cycling, remains incompletely understood; therefore, all relevant key players need to be identified. Here, we present evidence that implicates myelin protein zero-like 3 (MPZL3), a multifunctional nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein known to be involved in epidermal differentiation, in HCC regulation. By analysing global Mpzl3 knockout (-/-) mice, we show that in the absence of functional MPZL3, mice commence HF cycling with retarded first catagen-telogen transition after normal postnatal HF morphogenesis. However, Mpzl3 -/- mice subsequently display strikingly accelerated HF cycling, i.e. a precocious telogen-to-anagen transition during the second hair cycle, compared to controls, suggesting that MPZL3 inhibits anagen entry. We also show that intrafollicular MPZL3 protein expression fluctuates in a hair cycle-dependent manner. In telogen HFs, MPZL3 is localized to the secondary hair germ, an epicentre of hair cycle regulation, where it partially co-localizes with P-cadherin. In early anagen HF, MPZL3 is localized immediately distal to the proximal hair matrix. These findings introduce the novel concept that mitochondria are more actively involved in hair cycle control than previously recognized and that MPZL3 plays a central role in the HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Nicu
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Tongyu C Wikramanayake
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany.,Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
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31
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Wang Z, Chen Y, Chen M, Zhang Y. Overexpression of Fgf8 in the epidermis inhibits hair follicle development. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:494-502. [PMID: 33141445 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The hair follicle is a classical model for studying epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Given the critical role of fibroblast growth factor 8 (Fgf8) in embryonic development, we generated a mouse model that overexpresses Fgf8 specifically in the epidermis. Interestingly, these mutant mice exhibited stunted, smaller bodies and severe hypotrichosis. Histological analysis showed that the hair follicles in the mutants were arrested at stage 2 of hair development. The density of hair follicles in the mutant mice was also lower compared to that in the control mice. Overexpression of Fgf8 inhibited the proliferation of epidermal cells and simultaneously promoted apoptosis, leading to the arrest of hair follicle development. Further analysis showed that sonic hedgehog (Shh) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4) were downregulated and upregulated, respectively. To summarize, our study demonstrates that FGF signalling plays an important role in the regulation of hair follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengsen Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363005, China
| | - Meiyang Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanding Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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32
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Haythorn A, Young M, Stanton J, Zhang J, Mueller POE, Halper J. Differential gene expression in skin RNA of horses affected with degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:460. [PMID: 33028365 PMCID: PMC7541307 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01994-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis (DSLD) is a systemic connective tissue disorder first identified in Peruvian Paso horses but afflicting other horse breeds as well. Inappropriate accumulation of proteoglycans in connective tissues, most prominently in tendons and ligaments, leads to progressive and debilitating lameness and pain. It is largely unknown what drives the overproduction of proteoglycans, but our previous studies suggest involvement of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family, impacting synthesis of proteoglycans. To identify potential players in pathogenesis of DSLD a new approach utilizing next generation sequencing was undertaken. METHODS Next generation sequencing was performed using RNA extracted from skin biopsies of six control Peruvian Pasos and six horses with DSLD (4 Peruvian Pasos and 2 warmbloods). The CuffDiff result sets were validated with algorithms used to run them. This was based on the determined false discovery rates derived from the P values adjusted for multiple testing for any given result. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis of transcriptomes revealed differential expression of over 1500 genes, including increased expression of genes for several growth factors (most prominently BMP2, FGF5, CTGF, many members of the EGF family), and mediators of signaling (Fos, Myc, MAPK system), and keratins. Two genes encoding for enzymes involved in synthesis of hyaluronan were also overexpressed. Gene expression was decreased for protein cores of many proteoglycans, several growth factors, most collagens, and many peptides with immune function. CONCLUSIONS The overexpression of BMP2 correlates well with our previous data. However, the decrease in expression of numerous proteoglycans was unexpected. A mutation in a gene of a less characterized proteoglycan and/or glycosyltransferase with subsequent increased production of hyaluronan and/or a proteoglycan(s) undetected in our study could account for the systemic proteoglycan deposition. Decreased collagen gene expression indicates abnormal connective tissue metabolism. The increased expression of keratin genes and FGF5 supports reports of skin abnormalities in DSLD. Underexpression of immune function genes corresponds with lack of inflammation in DSLD tissues. Finally, though the proteoglycan and/or glycosaminoglycan abundant in DSLD has not been identified, we validated our previous data, including overexpression of BMP2, and systemic nature of DSLD due to disturbed metabolism of the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Haythorn
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Madeline Young
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - James Stanton
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - P. O. E. Mueller
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Jaroslava Halper
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
- AU/UGA Medical Partnership, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
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Kinoshita-Ise M, Tsukashima A, Kinoshita T, Yamazaki Y, Ohyama M. Altered FGF expression profile in human scalp-derived fibroblasts upon WNT activation: implication of their role to provide folliculogenetic microenvironment. Inflamm Regen 2020; 40:35. [PMID: 32973962 PMCID: PMC7507293 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-020-00141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hair follicle (HF) formation and growth are sustained by epithelial-mesenchymal interaction via growth factors and cytokines. Pivotal roles of FGFs on HF regeneration and neogenesis have been reported mainly in rodent models. FGF expression is regulated by upstream pathways, represented by canonical WNT signaling; however, how FGFs influence on human folliculogenesis remains elusive. The aim of this study is to assess if human scalp-derived fibroblasts (sFBs) are able to modulate their FGF expression profile in response to WNT activation and to evaluate the influence of WNT-activated or suppressed FGFs on folliculogenesis. Methods Dermal papilla cells (DPCs), dermal sheath cells (DSCs), and sFBs were isolated from the human scalp and cultured independently. The gene expression profile of FGFs in DPCs, DSCs, and sFBs and the influence of WNT activator, CHIR99021, on FGF expression pattern in sFBs were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, which were confirmed at protein level by western blotting analysis. The changes in the expression of DPC or keratinocyte (KC) biomarkers under the presence of FGF7 or 9 were examined in both single and co-culture assay of DPCs and/or KCs. The influence of FGF 7 and FGF 9 on hair morphogenesis and growth was analyzed in vivo using mouse chamber assay. Results In single culture, sFBs were distinguished from DPCs and DSCs by relatively high expression of FGF5 and FGF18, potential inducers of hair cycle retardation or catagen phase. In WNT-activated state, sFBs downregulated FGF7 while upregulating FGF9, a positive regulator of HF morphogenesis, FGF16 and FGF20 belonging to the same FGF subfamily. In addition, CHIR99021, a WNT activator, dose-dependently modulated FGF7 and 9 expression to be folliculogenic. Altered expressions of FGF7 and FGF9 by CHIR99021 were confirmed at protein level. Supplementation of FGF9 to cultured DPCs resulted in upregulation of representative DP biomarkers and this tendency was sustained, when DPCs were co-cultured with KCs. In mouse chamber assay, FGF9 increased both the number and the diameter of newly formed HFs, while FGF7 decreased HF diameter. Conclusion The results implied that sFBs support HF formation by modulating regional FGF expression profile responding to WNT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Kinoshita-Ise
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611 Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Aki Tsukashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611 Japan
| | - Tomonari Kinoshita
- Division of Cellular Signaling Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Yoshimi Yamazaki
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611 Japan
| | - Manabu Ohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611 Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
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Yuan X, Guo Q, Bai H, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Liang W, Wang Z, Xu Q, Chang G, Chen G. Identification of key genes and pathways associated with duck ( Anas platyrhynchos) embryonic skin development using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Genome 2020; 63:615-628. [PMID: 32956594 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2020-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Skin and feather follicle morphogenesis are important processes for duck development; however, the mechanisms underlying morphogenesis at the embryonic stage remain unclear. To improve the understanding of these processes, we used transcriptome and weighted gene co-expression network analyses to identify the critical genes and pathways involved in duck skin development. Five modules were found to be the most related to five key stages in skin development that span from embryonic day 8 (E8) to postnatal day 7 (D7). Using STEM software, 6519 genes from five modules were clustered into 10 profiles to reveal key genes. Above all, we obtained several key module genes including WNT3A, NOTCH1, SHH, BMP2, NOG, SMAD3, and TGFβ2. Furthermore, we revealed that several pathways play critical roles throughout the skin development process, including the Wnt pathway and cytoskeletal rearrangement-related pathways, whereas others are involved in specific stages of skin development, such as the Notch, Hedgehog, and TGF-beta signaling pathways. Overall, this study identified the pathways and genes that play critical roles in skin development, which may provide a basis for high-quality down-type meat duck breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qixin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wenshuang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhixiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Guobin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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35
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Discovery of four Noggin genes in lampreys suggests two rounds of ancient genome duplication. Commun Biol 2020; 3:501. [PMID: 32913324 PMCID: PMC7483449 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The secreted protein Noggin1 was the first discovered natural embryonic inducer produced by cells of the Spemann organizer. Thereafter, it was shown that vertebrates have a whole family of Noggin genes with different expression patterns and functional properties. For example, Noggin1 and Noggin2 inhibit the activity of BMP, Nodal/Activin and Wnt-beta-catenin signalling, while Noggin4 cannot suppress BMP but specifically modulates Wnt signalling. In this work, we described and investigated phylogeny and expression patterns of four Noggin genes in lampreys, which represent the most basally divergent group of extant vertebrates, the cyclostomes, belonging to the superclass Agnatha. Assuming that lampreys have Noggin homologues in all representatives of another superclass of vertebrates, the Gnathostomata, we propose a model for Noggin family evolution in vertebrates. This model is in agreement with the hypotheses suggesting two rounds of genome duplication in the ancestor of vertebrates before the divergence of Agnatha and Gnathostomata. Ermakova et al. report four Noggin genes in lampreys and using phylogenetics, gene synteny analysis, and in situ hybridization, suggest that the Noggin gene underwent two rounds of duplication and evolved specific functions before the divergence of vertebrate and lamprey lineages. These findings offer insight into early vertebrate genome and developmental evolution.
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36
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Saxena N, Mok KW, Rendl M. An updated classification of hair follicle morphogenesis. Exp Dermatol 2020; 28:332-344. [PMID: 30887615 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicle (HF) formation in developing embryonic skin requires stepwise signalling between the epithelial epidermis and mesenchymal dermis, and their specialized derivatives, the placode/germ/peg and dermal condensate/papilla, respectively. Classically, distinct stages of HF morphogenesis have been defined, in the mouse model, based on (a) changes in cell morphology and aggregation; (b) expression of few known molecular markers; (c) the extent of follicle downgrowth; and (d) the presence of differentiating cell types. Refined genetic strategies and recent emerging technologies, such as live imaging and transcriptome analyses of isolated cell populations or single cells, have enabled a closer dissection of the signalling requirements at different stages of HF formation, particularly early on. They have also led to the discovery of precursor cells for placode, dermal condensate and future bulge stem cells that, combined with molecular insights into their fate specification and subsequent formation, serve as novel landmarks for early HF morphogenetic events and studies of the signalling networks mediating these processes. In this review, we integrate the emergence of HF precursor cell states and novel molecular markers of fate and formation to update the widely used 20-year-old seminal classification guide of HF morphogenetic stages by Paus et al. We then temporally describe the latest insights into the early cellular and molecular events and signalling requirements for HF morphogenesis in relation to one another in a holistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Saxena
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ka-Wai Mok
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Michael Rendl
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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37
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Li HM, Liu P, Zhang XJ, Li LM, Jiang HY, Yan H, Hou FH, Chen JP. Combined proteomics and transcriptomics reveal the genetic basis underlying the differentiation of skin appendages and immunity in pangolin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14566. [PMID: 32884035 PMCID: PMC7471334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71513-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pangolin (Mains javanica) is an interesting endangered mammal with special morphological characteristics. Here, we applied proteomics and transcriptomics to explore the differentiation of pangolin skin appendages at two developmental stages and to compare gene expression profiles between abdomen hair and dorsal scale tissues. We identified 4,311 genes and 91 proteins differentially expressed between scale-type and hair-type tissue, of which 6 genes were shared by the transcriptome and proteome. Differentiation altered the abundance of hundreds of proteins and mRNA in the two types of skin appendages, many of which are involved in keratinocyte differentiation, epidermal cell differentiation, and multicellular organism development based on GO enrichment analysis, and FoxO, MAPK, and p53 signalling pathways based on KEGG enrichment analysis. DEGs in scale-type tissues were also significantly enriched in immune-related terms and pathways compared with that in hair-type tissues. Thus, we propose that pangolins have a normal skin innate immune system. Compared with the abdomen, the back skin of pangolins had more genes involved in the regulation of immune function, which may be an adaptive adjustment for the vulnerability of scaly skin to infection and injury. This investigation provides a scientific basis for the study of development and immunity of pangolin skin, which may be helpful in the protection of wild pangolin in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ming Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Lin-Miao Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Hai-Ying Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fang-Hui Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Wildlife Rescue Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jin-Ping Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
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38
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Comparative investigation of coarse and fine wool sheep skin indicates the early regulators for skin and wool diversity. Gene 2020; 758:144968. [PMID: 32707304 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The hair follicle is an excellent mini-system illustrating the mechanisms governing organogenesis and regeneration. Although the general mechanisms modulating skin and hair follicle development are widely studied in mouse and chicken models, the delicate network regulating skin and hair diversity remains largely unclear. Sheep is an additional model to address the various wool characteristics observed in nature. The coarse and fine wool sheep with diverse fibers were examined to show differences in the primary wool follicle size and skin thickness. The molecular dynamics in skin staged at the primary wool follicle induction between two sheep lines were investigated by RNA-sequencing analyses to generate 1994 differentially expressed genes revealing marker genes for epithelium (6 genes), dermal condensate (38 genes) and dermal fibroblast (58 genes) highly correlated with skin and wool follicle morphological differences. The DEGs were enriched in GO terms represented by epithelial cell migration and differentiation, regulation of hair follicle development and ectodermal placode formation, and KEGG pathways typified by WNT and Hedgehog signaling pathways governing the differences of skin structure. The qPCR detection of 9 genes confirmed the similar expression tendency with RNA-sequencing profiles. This comparative study of coarse and fine wool sheep skin reveals the presence of skin and wool follicle differences at primary wool follicle induction stage, and indicates the potential effectors (APCDD1, FGF20, DKK1, IGFBP3 and SFRP4) regulating the skin compartments during the early morphogenesis of primary wool follicles to shape the variable wool fiber thickness in later developmental stages.
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39
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Kanayama K, Takada H, Saito N, Kato H, Kinoshita K, Shirado T, Mashiko T, Asahi R, Mori M, Tashiro K, Sunaga A, Kurisaki A, Yoshizato K, Yoshimura K. Hair Regeneration Potential of Human Dermal Sheath Cells Cultured Under Physiological Oxygen. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:1147-1157. [PMID: 32408803 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of oxygen tension on the proliferation and hair-inductive capacity of human dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and dermal sheath cells (DSCs). DPCs and DSCs were separately obtained from human hair follicles and each cultured under atmospheric/hyperoxic (20% O2), physiological/normoxic (6% O2), or hypoxic (1% O2) conditions. Proliferation of DPCs and DSCs was highest under normoxia. Compared with hyperoxia, hypoxia inhibited proliferation of DPCs, but enhanced that of DSCs. In DPCs, hypoxia downregulated the expression of hair-inductive capacity-related genes, including BMP4, LEF1, SOX2, and VCAN. In DSCs, both normoxia and hypoxia upregulated SOX2 expression, whereas hypoxia downregulated BMP4 expression. Microarray analysis revealed that normoxia increased the expression of pluripotency-related genes, including SPRY, NR0B1, MSX2, IFITM1, and DAZL, compared with hyperoxia. In an in vivo hair follicle reconstitution assay, cultured DPCs and DSCs were transplanted with newborn mouse epidermal keratinocytes into nude mice using a chamber method. In this experiment, normoxia resulted in the most efficient induction of DPC hair follicles, whereas hypoxia caused the most efficient induction and maturation of DSC hair follicles. These results suggest that application of physiological/hypoxic oxygen tension to cultured human DSCs enhances proliferation and maintenance of hair inductivity for skin engineering and clinical applications. Impact statement Dermal sheath cells (DSCs) and dermal papilla cells (DPCs) are useful cell sources for cell-based regenerative therapy. This is the first report to describe that low-oxygen conditions are better for DSCs. Normoxic and hypoxic culture of DSCs is beneficial for expanding these hair follicular cells and advancing development of cell-based therapy for both wound healing and hair regeneration. The current study supports that optimized oxygen tension can be applied to use expanded human DPCs and DSCs for skin engineering and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kanayama
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City, Japan.,Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Takada
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Technology, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma City, Japan
| | - Natsumi Saito
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City, Japan
| | - Harunosuke Kato
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City, Japan
| | - Kahori Kinoshita
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Shirado
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City, Japan
| | - Takanobu Mashiko
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City, Japan.,Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rintaro Asahi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City, Japan
| | - Masanori Mori
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City, Japan
| | - Kensuke Tashiro
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City, Japan
| | - Ataru Sunaga
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City, Japan
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Technology, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma City, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Yoshizato
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City, Japan.,Synthetic Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yoshimura
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City, Japan
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40
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Bayramov AV, Ermakova GV, Zaraisky AG. Genetic Mechanisms of the Early Development of the Telencephalon, a Unique Segment of the Vertebrate Central Nervous System, as Reflecting Its Emergence and Evolution. Russ J Dev Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360420030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Rahmani W, Sinha S, Biernaskie J. Immune modulation of hair follicle regeneration. NPJ Regen Med 2020; 5:9. [PMID: 32411394 PMCID: PMC7214459 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-020-0095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian hair follicle undergoes repeated bouts of regeneration orchestrated by a variety of hair follicle stem cells. The last decade has witnessed the emergence of the immune niche as a key regulator of stem cell behavior and hair follicle regeneration. Hair follicles chemotactically attract macrophages and T cells so that they are in range to regulate epithelial stem cell quiescence, proliferation and differentiation during physiologic and injured states. Disruption of this dynamic relationship leads to clinically significant forms of hair loss including scarring and non-scarring alopecias. In this review, we summarize key concepts behind immune-mediated hair regeneration, highlight gaps in the literature and discuss the therapeutic potential of exploiting this relationship for treating various immune-mediated alopecias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Rahmani
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Sarthak Sinha
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
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42
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Discovery of genes and proteins possibly regulating mean wool fibre diameter using cDNA microarray and proteomic approaches. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7726. [PMID: 32382132 PMCID: PMC7206055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wool fibre diameter (WFD) is one of the wool traits with higher economic impact. However, the main genes specifically regulating WFD remain unidentified. In this current work we have used Agilent Sheep Gene Expression Microarray and proteomic technology to investigate the gene expression patterns of body side skin, bearing more wool, in Aohan fine wool sheep, a Chinese indigenous breed, and compared them with that of small tail Han sheep, a sheep bread with coarse wool. Microarray analyses showed that most of the genes likely determining wool diameter could be classified into a few categories, including immune response, regulation of receptor binding and growth factor activity. Certain gene families might play a role in hair growth regulation. These include growth factors, immune cytokines, solute carrier families, cellular respiration and glucose transport amongst others. Proteomic analyses also identified scores of differentially expressed proteins.
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43
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Sun X, Qu G, Wang D, Wang T, Sai W, Chen Y, Yuan L, Pang Q. Expression and distribution of bone morphogenetic protein 4 and its antagonist Noggin in the skin of Kazakh sheep (Ovis aries) with a white and brown coat color. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151539. [PMID: 32331775 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The natural coat color is an important trait of vertebrate animals. For example, the coat color can help avoid harm to human beings caused by chemical dyeing, and it has economic significance for domestic animals. The bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and its antagonist Noggin can regulate pigmentation and the generation of coat color in mice; thus, they may also regulate the coat color of Kazakh sheep. To gain mechanistic insight into this possibility, we determined the relative expression levels of BMP4 and Noggin in the skin of white and brown Kazakh sheep by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting analysis. The localization of BMP4 and Noggin were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The results of qPCR and western blot analysis demonstrated that the relative expression levels of BMP4 and Noggin in the skin of brown Kazakh sheep were significantly higher than those in white Kazakh sheep. Our IHC results showed that the BMP4 protein was expressed in the epidermis and root sheath of the Kazakh sheep skin. The Noggin protein was expressed in the epidermis, root sheath, hair shaft, and dermal papilla of the Kazakh sheep skin. These results provide a theoretical basis for additional studies regarding the association and mechanism of BMP4 and Noggin in coat-color formation in Kazakh sheep. These results may provide new methods for developing treatment strategies for pigmentation disorders and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Guowen Qu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Shuozhou Vocational and Technical College, Shuozhou 036002, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Tianyuan Wang
- Liulin County Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Liulin 033300, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Wujiafu Sai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinjiang Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yunlei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinjiang Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Liming Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinjiang Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Quanhai Pang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, China.
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44
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Das D, Fletcher RB, Ngai J. Cellular mechanisms of epithelial stem cell self-renewal and differentiation during homeostasis and repair. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 9:e361. [PMID: 31468728 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epithelia in adult mammals exhibit remarkable regenerative capacities owing to the presence of adult stem cells, which self-renew and differentiate to replace cells lost to normal turnover or injury. The mechanisms supporting tissue homeostasis and injury-induced repair often differ from each other as well as from those used in embryonic development. Recent studies have also highlighted the phenomenon of cellular plasticity in adult tissues, in which differentiated cells can change fate and even give rise to new stem cell populations to complement the canonical stem cells in promoting repair following injury. Signaling pathways such as WNT, bone morphogenetic protein, and Sonic Hedgehog play critical roles in stem cell maintenance and cell fate decisions across diverse epithelia and conditions, suggesting that conserved mechanisms underlie the regenerative capacity of adult epithelial structures. This article is categorized under: Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Regulatory Mechanisms Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Tissue Stem Cells and Niches Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cell Differentiation and Reversion Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diya Das
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California.,Berkeley Institute for Data Science, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Russell B Fletcher
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - John Ngai
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California.,QB3 Functional Genomics Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California
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45
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Comparative study on seasonal hair follicle cycling by analysis of the transcriptomes from cashmere and milk goats. Genomics 2019; 112:332-345. [PMID: 30779940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Guard hair and cashmere undercoat are developed from primary and secondary hair follicle, respectively. Little is known about the gene expression differences between primary and secondary hair follicle cycling. In this study, we obtained RNA-seq data from cashmere and milk goats grown at four different seasons. We studied the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during the yearly hair follicle cycling, and between cashmere and milk goats. WNT, NOTCH, MAPK, BMP, TGFβ and Hedgehog signaling pathways were involved in hair follicle cycling in both cashmere and milk goat. However, Milk goat DEGs between different months were significantly more than cashmere goat DEGs, with the largest difference being identified in December. Some expression dynamics were confirmed by quantitative PCR and western blot, and immunohistochemistry. This study offers new information sources related to hair follicle cycling in milk and cashmere goats, which could be applicable to improve the wool production and quality.
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46
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Sasaki GH. Review of Human Hair Follicle Biology: Dynamics of Niches and Stem Cell Regulation for Possible Therapeutic Hair Stimulation for Plastic Surgeons. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2019; 43:253-266. [PMID: 30324295 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-018-1248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plastic surgeons are frequently asked to manage male- and female-pattern hair loss in their practice. This article discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and current management of androgenetic alopecia and emphasizes more recent knowledge of stem cell niches in hair follicles that drive hair cycling, alopecia, and its treatment. The many treatment programs available for hair loss include newer strategies that involve the usage of growth factors, platelet-rich plasma, and fat to stimulate follicle growth. Future research may clarify novel biomolecular mechanisms that target specific cells that promote hair regeneration.Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Pignolo RJ, Wang H, Kaplan FS. Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP): A Segmental Progeroid Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:908. [PMID: 31998237 PMCID: PMC6966325 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Segmental progeroid syndromes are commonly represented by genetic conditions which recapitulate aspects of physiological aging by similar, disparate, or unknown mechanisms. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in the gene for ACVR1/ALK2 encoding Activin A receptor type I/Activin-like kinase 2, a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor, and results in the formation of extra-skeletal ossification and a constellation of others features, many of which resemble accelerated aging. The median estimated lifespan of individuals with FOP is approximately 56 years of age. Characteristics of precocious aging in FOP include both those that are related to dysregulated BMP signaling as well as those secondary to early immobilization. Progeroid features that may primarily be associated with mutations in ACVR1 include osteoarthritis, hearing loss, alopecia, subcutaneous lipodystrophy, myelination defects, heightened inflammation, menstrual abnormalities, and perhaps nephrolithiasis. Progeroid features that may secondarily be related to immobilization from progressive heterotopic ossification include decreased vital capacity, osteoporosis, fractures, sarcopenia, and predisposition to respiratory infections. Some manifestations of precocious aging may be attributed to both primary and secondary effects of FOP. At the level of lesion formation in FOP, soft tissue injury resulting in hypoxia, cell damage, and inflammation may lead to the accumulation of senescent cells as in aged tissue. Production of Activin A, platelet-derived growth factor, metalloproteinases, interleukin 6, and other inflammatory cytokines as part of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype could conceivably mediate the initial signaling cascade that results in the intense fibroproliferative response as well as the tissue-resident stem cell reprogramming leading up to ectopic endochondral bone formation. Consideration of FOP as a segmental progeroid syndrome offers a unique perspective into potential mechanisms of normal aging and may also provide insight for identification of new targets for therapeutic interventions in FOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Pignolo
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Physiology-Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
- Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Robert J. Pignolo
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Physiology-Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
- Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Frederick S. Kaplan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Sun H, Zhang Y, Bai L, Wang Y, Yang L, Su W, Gao S. Heat stress decreased hair follicle population in rex rabbits. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:501-508. [PMID: 30593693 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was conducted to investigate the effect of heat stress on the hair follicle population and related signalling pathways in rex rabbits. Forty-eight rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: one group in a high ambient environment (32 ± 2°C, heat stress) and the other group with normal temperature (20 ± 2°C, control). The results show that heat stress decreased the body weight gain and feed conversion rate, rabbit hair length and hair follicle density (p < 0.05). Besides, heat stress suppressed the gene expression of noggin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor and protein expression of phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in rabbit skin (p < 0.05), while stimulated significantly the gene expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and BMP4 (p < 0.05). Heat exposure did not alter significantly the gene expression of alkaline phosphatase, versican and hepatocyte growth factor compared with the control (p > 0.05). In conclusion, noggin-BMP, IGF-1 and mTOR signalling pathways may be associated with the process of heat stress-repressing hair follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Sun
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liya Bai
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuding Wang
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenzheng Su
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shuxia Gao
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
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Hedgehog stimulates hair follicle neogenesis by creating inductive dermis during murine skin wound healing. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4903. [PMID: 30464171 PMCID: PMC6249328 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian wounds typically heal by fibrotic repair without hair follicle (HF) regeneration. Fibrosis and regeneration are currently considered the opposite end of wound healing. This study sought to determine if scar could be remodeled to promote healing with HF regeneration. Here, we identify that activation of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway reinstalls a regenerative dermal niche, called dermal papilla, which is required and sufficient for HF neogenesis (HFN). Epidermal Shh overexpression or constitutive Smoothened dermal activation results in extensive HFN in wounds that otherwise end in scarring. While long-term Wnt activation is associated with fibrosis, Shh signal activation in Wnt active cells promotes the dermal papilla fate in scarring wounds. These studies demonstrate that mechanisms of scarring and regeneration are not distant from one another and that wound repair can be redirected to promote regeneration following injury by modifying a key dermal signal. On wounding, scar formation in mammals arises causing no hair follicle regeneration, but it is unclear if scarring precludes regeneration. Here, the authors show that if Sonic hedgehog signaling is activated in the wound, an inductive dermal niche forms, enabling regeneration and hair follicle formation.
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So WK, Cheung TH. Molecular Regulation of Cellular Quiescence: A Perspective from Adult Stem Cells and Its Niches. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1686:1-25. [PMID: 29030809 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7371-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellular quiescence is a reversible growth arrest state. In response to extracellular environment, quiescent cells are capable of resuming proliferation for tissue homeostasis and tissue regeneration. Subpopulations of adult stem cells remain quiescent and reside in their specialized stem cell niches. Within the niche, they interact with a repertoire of niche components. Niche integrates signals to maintain quiescence or gear stem cells toward regeneration. Recent studies provide insights into the regulatory components of stem cell niche and their influence on residing stem cells. Aberrant niche activities perturb stem cell quiescence and activation, compromise stem cell functions, and contribute to tissue aging and disease pathogenesis. This review covers current knowledge regarding cellular quiescence with a focus on original and emerging concepts of how niches influence stem cell quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Kin So
- Division of Life Science, Center for Stem Cell Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tom H Cheung
- Division of Life Science, Center for Stem Cell Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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