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Kuchenbrod MT, Schubert US, Heintzmann R, Hoeppener S. Revisiting staining of biological samples for electron microscopy: perspectives for recent research. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:685-699. [PMID: 34821312 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01579b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review revisits essential staining protocols for electron microscopy focussing on the visualization of active sites, i.e. enzymes, metabolites or proteins, in cells and tissues, which have been developed 50 to 60 years ago, however, never were established as standard protocols being used in electron microscopy in a routine fashion. These approaches offer numerous possibilities to expand the knowledge of cellular function and specifically address the localization of active compounds of these systems. It is our conviction, that many of these techniques are still useful, in particular when applied in conjunction with correlative light and electron microscopy. Revisiting specialized classical electron microscopy staining protocols for use in correlative microscopy is particularly promising, as some of these protocols were originally developed as staining methods for light microscopy. To account for this history, rather than summarizing the most recent achievements in literature, we instead first provide an overview of techniques that have been used in the past. While some of these techniques have been successfully implemented into modern microscopy techniques during recent years already, more possibilities are yet to be re-discovered and provide exciting new perspectives for their future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren T Kuchenbrod
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldstr. 10, 07743, Germany.
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Halbhuber KJ, Hulstaert CE, Feuerstein H, Zimmermann N. Cerium as capturing agent in phosphatase and oxidase histochemistry. Theoretical background and applications. PROGRESS IN HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY 1994; 28:1-120. [PMID: 8190897 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6336(11)80041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K J Halbhuber
- Klinikum der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Anatomie II, Germany
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Stiemke MM, Edelhauser HF, Geroski DH. The developing corneal endothelium: correlation of morphology, hydration and Na/K ATPase pump site density. Curr Eye Res 1991; 10:145-56. [PMID: 1645240 DOI: 10.3109/02713689109001742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The physiology and anatomy of the cornea of the New Zealand white rabbit were studied from birth to young adulthood (3 months). The main objective of the study was to follow the ontogeny of the corneal endothelium and correlate its maturation with the establishment of stromal transparency. With maturity, central corneal thickness increases as do corneal diameter and surface area. Endothelial morphology undergoes marked changes including an increase in cell hexagonality and cell surface area, along with a decrease in cell density and coefficient of variation of cell area. Corneal hydration decreases from a high value at birth to the adult level by 20 days after birth, the time of the onset of stromal transparency. By transmission electron microscopy, corneas of newborn rabbits exhibit an endothelium of irregular cell height with some overlap at the bases of adjacent cells. Apical junctions are incomplete in the neonates. With time the endothelium thins and cells becomes more regular in height, overlap of adjacent cells diminishes, and apical junctions develop. Descemet's membrane is thin in newborns and thickens and becomes more homogenous in appearance with maturation. The abundance of Na/K ATPase pump sites per endothelial cell, as determined by 3H-ouabain binding, increases progressively with age even after the establishment of corneal transparency at 20 days. Scatchard and LIGAND analyses of 3H-ouabain binding data indicate that there is a progressive increase in Bmax with no change in the KD from 7 days to 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Stiemke
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226
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Abraham M. The male germ cell protective barrier along phylogenesis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1991; 130:111-90. [PMID: 1778728 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Abraham
- Department of Zoology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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Kiselyova AP, Zinchuk VS. Ultracytochemical characteristic of ouabain-sensitive, potassium-dependent p-nitrophenylphosphatase (Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase) of rat myocardium. Acta Histochem 1990; 88:1-9. [PMID: 2162617 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-1281(11)80237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The ultracytochemical localization of ouabain-sensitive, potassium-dependent p-nitrophenylphosphatase within a rat heart has been studied. Our cytochemical procedure for the detection of enzyme activity is based on an incubation medium consisting of tris-maleate buffer, p-nitrophenylphosphate (p-NPP) as a substrate, lead nitrate as a trapping agent, MgCl2, KCl, levamisole, final pH = 7.3. The physiological pH of the incubation medium highly increases the authenticity of the enzymatic reaction and is the main advantage of the technique. Postincubation processing of specimens by 0.1 mol/l tris-maleate buffer pH = 6.0 confirms the specificity of the reaction and removes nonspecific precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Kiselyova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Kiev Medical Institute, USSR
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Ernst SA, Hootman SR. Microscopical methods for the localization of Na+,K+-ATPase. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1981; 13:397-418. [PMID: 6265411 DOI: 10.1007/bf01005056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Na+,K+-ATPase plays a central role in the ionic and osmotic homeostasis of cells and in the movements of electrolytes and water across epithelial boundaries. Microscopic localization of the enzyme is, therefore, of crucial importance in establishing the subcellular routes of electrolyte flow across structurally complex and functionally polarized epithelia. Recently developed approaches to the localization of Na+,K+-ATPase are reviewed. These methods rely on different properties of the enzyme and encompass cytochemical localization of the K+-dependent nitrophenylphosphatase component of the enzyme, autoradiographic localization of tritiated ouabain binding sites, and immunocytochemical localization of the holoenzyme and of its catalytic subunit. The rationales for each of these techniques are outlined as are the criteria that have been established to validate each method. The observed localization of NA+,K+-ATPase in various tissues is discussed, particularly as it relative to putative and hypothetical mechanisms that are currently thought to mediate reabsorptive and secretory electrolyte transport.
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Sato A, Spicer SS, Tashian RE. Ultrastructural localization of carbonic anhydrase in gastric parietal cells with the immunoglobulin-enzyme bridge method. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1980; 12:651-9. [PMID: 6777342 DOI: 10.1007/bf01012020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ultrastructural immunostaining of carbonic anhydrase in gastric parietal cells was accomplished with the immunoglobulin-peroxidase bridge procedure applied to cryostat sections of fixed guinea-pig stomach prior to dehydration and embedment. Of a variety of fixatives tested, only freshly prepared paraformaldehyde buffered with calcium acetate provided both immunostaining and adequate preservation of ultrastructural morphology. Delipidization or exposure of specimens to detergent prior to staining enhanced the intensity of the immunostaining and increased the sensitivity of the method. Increased diaminobenzidine concentration in the peroxidase substrate appeared also to intensify the densification at the reactive site. Carbonic anhydrase was localized ultrastructurally with this pre-embedment immunobridge procedure in the hyaloplasm of gastric parietal cells and less consistently in the superficial surface epithelium. The basal portion of the parietal cells stained more intensely than the apical region and immunoreactivity appeared concentrated at the plasmalemma and around mitochondria.
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Idé C, Saito T. Electron microscopic histochemistry of ATPase and alkaline phosphatase activities in mouse digital corpuscles. JOURNAL OF NEUROCYTOLOGY 1980; 9:207-18. [PMID: 6449565 DOI: 10.1007/bf01205158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
ATPase and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activities were histochemically examined in the sensory corpuscle of mouse digital pads at light and electron microscopic levels. ATPase activity was found on the plasma membranes of the lamellar cells. Moderate activity was present in the caveolae, but little activity could be demonstrated in the other portions of the plasma membrane. ALPase activity was found in the caveolae but not on other portions of the plasma membranes of the lamellar cells. ALPase activity was also observed on the nerve terminals. Neither ATPase nor ALPase activity was found on the pre-terminal portions of the nerve fibres. These findings indicate that the caveolae of the lamellar cells may be involved in a transport function and that the plasma membrane of the nerve terminals may have some permeability properties different from those of the pre-terminal portions of nerve fibres.
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Idé C, Saito T. Adenosine triphosphatase activity of cutaneous nerve fibers. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1980; 65:83-92. [PMID: 6102083 DOI: 10.1007/bf00493157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The histochemical study of Mg++-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Mg++-ATPase) activity was carried out on the peripheral nerves of mouse digital skin by light and electron microscopy. Under the light microscope, the ATPase activity was clearly demonstrated on the nerve fibers as a fine network in the subepidermal regions. Under the electron microscope, the reaction product of enzyme activity was located in the interspace between axolemma and the surrounding Schwann cells of the unmyelinated nerve fibers. No reaction product was observed in the space between the axolemma and the Schwann cells associated with myelinated nerve fibers. Demonstrable activity was absent at the nodes of Ranvier as well as on the para- and internodal regions of these myelinated axons. The part of the axolemma lacking a Schwann cell sheath failed to show a reaction product. The perineural epithelial cells surrounding the nerve fibers displayed reaction product in the caveolae. These results suggest a functional difference in the axon-Schwann interface of myelinated as compared to unmyelinated nerve fibers. The function of the perineural epithelial cell would be expected to be a regulatory one in transferring materials across the epithelium to keep the proper humoral environment around nerve fibers.
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Mayahara H, Fujimoto K, Ando T, Ogawa K. A new one-step method for the cytochemical localization of ouabain-sensitive, potassium-dependent p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1980; 67:125-38. [PMID: 6249779 DOI: 10.1007/bf00493231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A new one-step method for the light and electron microscopic localization of the ouabain-sensitive, K-dependent p-nitrophenylphosphatase (K-NPPase) activity of the Na-K-ATPase complex is introduced. The incubation medium contains p-nitrophenylphosphate (NPP) as substrate, lead citrate as the capture reagent, and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as an activator. It is usable at the optimal pH of the K-NPPase, which is about pH 9.0 in the presence of 25% of DMSO. The effects of fixation, lead concentration, and DMSO on the enzyme activity were studied using rat kidney as a test tissue. The fixation of tissues in a mixture of 2% paraformaldehyde and 0.5% glutaraldehyde for 60 min at 0 degrees--4 degrees C preserved 45% of the enzyme activity. In the absence of DMSO, lead citrate (4.0 mM) caused 82% inhibition of the enzyme activity in fixed tissue. However, the addition of DMSO (25%) caused about 3-fold activation of the remaining activity. Cytochemical demonstration of the ouabain-sensitive K-NPPase activity was successfully made by this method at both light and electron microscopic levels.
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Majack RA, Paull WK, Barrett JM. The ultrastructural localization of membrane ATPase in rat thin limbs of the loop of Henle. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1979; 63:23-33. [PMID: 159881 DOI: 10.1007/bf00508009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cytochemical distribution of nonspecific membrane ATPase activity in the epithelial membranes of the thin limbs of the loops of Henle of rat nephrons was studied at the ultrastructural level. Membrane ATPase activity was localized in the luminal, lateral, and (to a lesser extent) basal membranes of only the outer medullary segment of the thin descending limbs of long nephrons (Type II epithelium). The reaction product was lacking in the thin limb of short nephrons (Type I epithelium) as well as in the inner medullary descending (Type III epithelium) and ascending (Type IV epithelium) segments of the thin limbs of long nephrons. These data reinforce the concept of thin limb heterogeneity and may indicate a specialized role for the outer medullary segment of thin descending limbs of long nephrons in the concentrating mechanism.
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Parshad VR, Guraya SS. Comparative histochemical observations on the excretory system of helminth parasites. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PARASITENKUNDE (BERLIN, GERMANY) 1977; 52:81-9. [PMID: 196423 DOI: 10.1007/bf00380561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The excretory canals of Ascaridia galli (Nematoda) and the protonephridial ducts of Cotylophoron cotylophorum (Trematoda) and Raillietina cesticillus (Cestoda) have been studied with regard to the histochemical localization of lipids, carbohydrates and hydrolytic enzymes. Distinct excretory organs are absent in the acanthocephalan Centrorhynchus corvi. Triglycerides, phospholipids and lipoproteins are seen in association with the wall of excretory canals of A. galli and R. cesticillus, and phospholipids and lipoproteins at the corresponding site in C. cotylophorum. The physiological significance of lipids in association with excretion of substances has been discussed. Low molecular weight glycogen is present in the lumen of excretory canal of A. galli but not in other worms. The common feature of the excretory canals is the presence of enzyme activities of nonspecific alkaline phosphatase and Mg2+-dependent ATPase. Activity of acid phosphatase is seen only in the excretory canals of A. galli. Glucose-6-phosphatase is present in A. galli and C. cotylophorum and absent in R. cesticillus. Weak reaction of 5'-nucleotidase is present in the excretory canals of helminth species studied here. The role of these enzymes in transportation of substances across the wall of excretory canals and also in ionic regulation has been discussed in detail.
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Mörnstad H. Adenosine triphosphate catabolism in homogenates of rat secretory enamel organs incubated in histochemical lead media. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1977; 50:301-11. [PMID: 13054 DOI: 10.1007/bf00507123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To investigate how lead, when used as trapping agent, influences the ATP hydrolysis and to study how ATP is catalyzed in histochemical systems, homogenized secretory enamel organs were incubated in histochemical [3H]-ATP media. Aliquots from the media were taken after 3, 10, 20 and 30 min, the ATP and formed metabolites were separated by electrophoresis and radiometrically quantitated. In media lacking both lead and homogenate 2% of the ATP was spontaneously hydrolyzed during 30 min incubation at room temperature. The presence of lead caused an additional 8% hydrolysis at pH 7.2 and an additional 20% hydrolysis at pH 9.4. In the presence of homogenate, however, lead caused a net decrease of the hydrolysis of ATP as well as of ADP and AMP. This enzyme inhibition varied from around zero to some 80%, depending on pH and substrated involved. In homogenate-containing lead media, at both pH 7.2 AND 9.4, ATP was rapidly hydrolyzed primarily to ADP and subsequently to AMP and adenosine and/or inosine. After 5--10 min ADP constituted the predominant substrate at both pH:s. At pH 7.2 ADP remained so for the rest of the incubation, whereas at pH 9.4 AMP was predominant substrate at the end of the incubation. AMP was the finan catabolic product in experiments at pH 7.2, and adenosine and/or inosine at pH 9.4. Inorganic phosphate was liberated almost linearly during the whole incubation period. The results indicate that histochemical studies of substrate specific ATP-ases should be performed with short incubation times and, when high specific activities are present, in large quantities of incubation media to reduce interference by ADP and AMP hydrolyzing enzymes.
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Mörnstad H, Sundström B. Adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis in rat dental tissues. A histochemical study to differentiate the enzymes involved. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1976; 47:303-14. [PMID: 182660 DOI: 10.1007/bf00489198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to try to differentiate histochemically between the various enzymes which may catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP in developing rat dental tissues. Freeze cut and freeze dried sections of molar and incisor teeth were incubated in lead capture-based media at pH 5.0, 7.2 or 9.4 with one of the following substrates: beta-glycerophosphate, AMP, ADP, ATP, AMP-PNP and tetrasodium pyrophosphate. To establish the enzymatic nature of the hydrolysis parallel sections were incubated after prior fixation in either formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde. By comparing the enzymatic stainings obtained with the various substrates and at the different pH:s, it was concluded that ATP can be visibly hydrolyzed in rat dental tissues by alkaline phosphatase (stratum intermedium, apical part of maturation ameloblasts, basal part of all ameloblasts, odontoblasts and subodontoblastic layer), specific ATPase (apical and basal parts of secretory ameloblasts) and ATP pyrophosphatase and/or adenylate cyclase (stratum intermedium, odontoblasts). Acid phosphatase, specific ADPase, 5'-nucleotidase, inorganic pyrophosphatase, 3':5'-cyclic-AMP-phosphodiesterase and adenylate kinase on the other hand, seem not to be engaged in the ATP hydrolysis to such a degree as to complicate the interpretation of the histochemical staining. The alkaline phosphatase part of the ATP hydrolysis appeared to be rather insensitive to aldehyde fixation, while the hydrolysis effected by specific ATPase and ATP pyrophosphatase and/or adenylate cyclase was extinguished after fixation with formaldehyde for 4 h or glutaraldehyde for 10 min.
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Berteloot A, Hugon JS. Effect of glutaraldehyde and lead on the activity of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase. A biochemical and cytochemical study. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1975; 43:197-214. [PMID: 238921 DOI: 10.1007/bf00499701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity of mouse liver glucose-6-phosphatase activity towards glutaraldehyde fixation has been analysed by biochemical and cytochemical means. The degree of enzymatic inhibition and various enzymatic properties have been studied. Several differences have been observed in the Km determination, the sensitivity to pH 5 and the activity related to pH between fixed and unfixed enzymes. The role of Pb++ ions in the cytochemical media has also been estimated. It is concluded that several enzymatic differences appear between fixed and unfixed enzymes and that the inhibition by Pb ions is dependent on the buffer and on the amount of substrate used.
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Hertz L, Schousboe A. Ion and energy metabolism of the brain at the cellular level. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 1975; 18:141-211. [PMID: 128532 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(08)60035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Peterson DR, Loizzi RF. Biochemical and cytochemical investigations of (Na+-K+)-ATPase in the crayfish kidney. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. A, COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1974; 49:763-73. [PMID: 4154176 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(74)90903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
Increasingly, physiological and biochemical data on the mammalian cornea have emphasized the importance of the endothelial rather than the epithelial layer in regulating the state of hydration of the cornea, via a transport ATPase. This view is supported by the observations reported here. With the Ernst method, the first cytochemical procedure to be readily responsive to ions and ouabain, the major sites of enzyme reaction product are the intercellular spaces of the endothelial layer. This localization was not found by us with the so-called ATPase method of Wachstein and Meisel.
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Koenig CS, Vial JD. A critical study of the histochemical lead method for localization of Mg-ATPase at cell boundaries. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1973; 5:503-18. [PMID: 4128475 DOI: 10.1007/bf01012057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Quinton PM, Wright EM, Tormey JM. Localization of sodium pumps in the choroid plexus epithelium. J Cell Biol 1973; 58:724-30. [PMID: 4747925 PMCID: PMC2109067 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.58.3.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Spilker B, Gadsdon DR, Rutty DA. Alteration of Na + , K + -dependent ATPase activity and inotropism by polyethylene glycol 300 in guinea-pig atria. Biochem Pharmacol 1971; 20:815-24. [PMID: 4255126 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(71)90043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Elektronenmikroskopischer Nachweis der Adenosintriphosphataseaktivit�t am Amnion-, Nabelstrang-und Hautepithel beim Schaffetus. Histochem Cell Biol 1971. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00305333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Van Os CH, Slegers JF. Characteristics of Naplus-Kplus-stimulated ATPase in rabbit gall bladder epithelium. Pflugers Arch 1970; 319:49-56. [PMID: 4247395 DOI: 10.1007/bf00586427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Tomasini JT, Dobbins WO. Intestinal mucosal morphology during water and electrolyte absorption. A light and electron microscopic study. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DIGESTIVE DISEASES 1970; 15:226-38. [PMID: 4244955 DOI: 10.1007/bf02233453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Schulze W, Wollenberger A. Zytochemische Lokalisation und Differenzierung von Na+-K+- und anderer membranständiger ATPase-Aktivität im Herzmuskel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1969. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00279681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kimura RS. Distribution, structure, and function of dark cells in the vestibular labyrinth. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1969; 78:542-61. [PMID: 5305759 DOI: 10.1177/000348946907800311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Ferrans VJ, Hibbs RG, Buja LM. Nucleoside phosphatase activity in atrial and ventricular myocardium of the rat: a light and electron microscopic study. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ANATOMY 1969; 125:47-85. [PMID: 4306058 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001250104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Stewart CC, Gasic G, Hempling HG. Effect of exogenous ATP on the volume of TA3 ascites tumor cells. J Cell Physiol 1969; 73:125-31. [PMID: 4978097 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1040730206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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van Lennep EW. Electron microscopic histochemical studies on salt-excreting glands in elasmobranchs and marine catfish. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1968; 25:94-108. [PMID: 4179175 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(68)80063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Hansson HP. Histochemical demonstration of carbonic anhydrase activity in some epithelia noted for active transport. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1968; 73:427-34. [PMID: 4974332 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-201x.1968.tb10882.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Lööf L, Nilsson O, Toss G. Ultrastructure and ATPase activity of rat uterine epithelium during blastocyst attachment. Fertil Steril 1968; 19:435-41. [PMID: 4231041 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)36673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Katz AI, Epstein FH. Physiologic role of sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase in the transport of cations across biologic membranes. N Engl J Med 1968; 278:253-61. [PMID: 4229685 DOI: 10.1056/nejm196802012780506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Rothman AH. Ultrastructural enzyme localization in the surface of Moniliformis dubius (acanthocephala). Exp Parasitol 1967; 21:42-6. [PMID: 5582647 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(67)90065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Hopkins CR. The fine-structural changes observed in the rectal papillae of the mosquito Aedes aegypti, L. and their relation to epithelial transport of water and inorganic ions. JOURNAL. ROYAL MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 1967; 86:235-52. [PMID: 6034562 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1967.tb00585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Rechardt L, Kokko A. Electron microscopic observations on the mitochondrial adenosinetriphosphatase in the rat spinal cord. HISTOCHEMIE. HISTOCHEMISTRY. HISTOCHIMIE 1967; 10:278-86. [PMID: 4232146 DOI: 10.1007/bf00304876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Christie GA. Comparative histochemical distribution of glycogen and alkaline phosphatases in the placenta. HISTOCHEMIE. HISTOCHEMISTRY. HISTOCHIMIE 1967; 9:93-116. [PMID: 4296879 DOI: 10.1007/bf00305853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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