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Peterson L, Yacoub MH, Ayares D, Yamada K, Eisenson D, Griffith BP, Mohiuddin MM, Eyestone W, Venter JC, Smolenski RT, Rothblatt M. Physiological basis for xenotransplantation from genetically modified pigs to humans. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1409-1459. [PMID: 38517040 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The collective efforts of scientists over multiple decades have led to advancements in molecular and cellular biology-based technologies including genetic engineering and animal cloning that are now being harnessed to enhance the suitability of pig organs for xenotransplantation into humans. Using organs sourced from pigs with multiple gene deletions and human transgene insertions, investigators have overcome formidable immunological and physiological barriers in pig-to-nonhuman primate (NHP) xenotransplantation and achieved prolonged pig xenograft survival. These studies informed the design of Revivicor's (Revivicor Inc, Blacksburg, VA) genetically engineered pigs with 10 genetic modifications (10 GE) (including the inactivation of 4 endogenous porcine genes and insertion of 6 human transgenes), whose hearts and kidneys have now been studied in preclinical human xenotransplantation models with brain-dead recipients. Additionally, the first two clinical cases of pig-to-human heart xenotransplantation were recently performed with hearts from this 10 GE pig at the University of Maryland. Although this review focuses on xenotransplantation of hearts and kidneys, multiple organs, tissues, and cell types from genetically engineered pigs will provide much-needed therapeutic interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Peterson
- United Therapeutics Corporation, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
| | | | - David Ayares
- United Therapeutics Corporation, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
| | - Kazuhiko Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Daniel Eisenson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Bartley P Griffith
- University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | | | - Willard Eyestone
- United Therapeutics Corporation, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
| | - J Craig Venter
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States
| | | | - Martine Rothblatt
- United Therapeutics Corporation, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
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2
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Sun L, Lin T, Lee JE, Kim SY, Bai Y, Jin DI. Lysophosphatidic acid improves development of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:726-739. [PMID: 39165747 PMCID: PMC11331365 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2024.e68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate whether lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) could improve the development of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. Porcine SCNT-derived embryos were cultured in chemically defined polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based porcine zygote medium (PZM)-4 without or with LPA, and the development, cell proliferation potential, apoptosis, and expression levels of pluripotent markers were evaluated. LPA significantly increased the rates of cleavage and blastocyst formation compared to those seen in the LPA un-treatment (control) group. The expression levels of embryonic development-related genes (IGF2R, PCNA and CDH1) were higher (p < 0.05) in the LPA treatment group than in the control group. LPA significantly increased the numbers of total, inner cell mass and EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine)-positive cells in porcine SCNT blastocysts compared to those seen in the control group. TUNEL assay showed that LPA significantly reduced the apoptosis rate in porcine SCNT-derived embryos; this was confirmed by decreases (p < 0.05) in the expression levels of pro-apoptotic genes, BAX and CASP3, and an increase (p < 0.05) in the expression level of the anti-apoptotic gene, BCL2L1. In addition, LPA significantly increased Oct4 expression at the gene and protein levels. Together, our data suggest that LPA improves the quality and development of porcine SCNT-derived embryos by reducing apoptosis and enhancing cell proliferation and pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Food
Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038,
China
- Division of Animal & Dairy Science,
Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Tao Lin
- School of Life Sciences and Food
Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038,
China
- Division of Animal & Dairy Science,
Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jae Eun Lee
- Division of Animal & Dairy Science,
Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Division of Animal & Dairy Science,
Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Ying Bai
- School of Life Sciences and Food
Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038,
China
| | - Dong Il Jin
- Division of Animal & Dairy Science,
Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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3
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Liu T, Wu Y, Li L, Zhang T, Zhang X, Li Y. High Expression of ZFP42 Improves Early Development of Pig Embryos Produced by Handmade Cloning. Cell Reprogram 2024; 26:57-66. [PMID: 38598277 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2023.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Handmade Cloning (HMC) is a pivotal technique for cloning pig embryos. Despite its significance, the low efficiency of this method hampers its widespread application. Although numerous factors and signaling pathways influencing embryo development have been studied, the mechanisms underlying low developmental capacity and insufficient reprogramming of cloned embryos remain elusive. In the present study, we sought to elucidate key regulatory factors involved in the development of pig HMC embryos by comparing and analyzing the gene expression profiles of HMC embryos with those of naturally fertilized (NF) embryos at the 4-cell, 8-cell, and 16-cell stages. The results showed that ZFP42 expression is markedly higher in NF embryos than in cloned counterparts. Subsequent experiments involving the injection of ZFP42 messenger RNA (mRNA) into HMC embryos showed that ZFP42 could enhance the blastocyst formation rate, upregulate pluripotent genes and metabolic pathways. This highlights the potential of ZFP42 as a critical factor in improving the development of pig HMC embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbin Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Animal Breeding Department, BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Xingju Zhang
- Animal Breeding Department, BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, Shenzhen, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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Kim JH, Shim J, Ko N, Kim HJ, Lee Y, Choi K. Analysis of production efficiency of cloned transgenic Yucatan miniature pigs according to recipient breeds with embryo transfer conditions. Theriogenology 2024; 218:193-199. [PMID: 38330863 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of the production of cloned transgenic Yucatan miniature pigs (YMPs) using two recipient breeds, i.e., YMPs and domestic pigs (DPs), under various embryo transfer conditions. We initially assessed the in vitro developmental competence of embryos obtained via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) from three different transgenic donor cells. No difference was observed among the three groups regarding developmental competence. Furthermore, the cloning efficiency remained consistent among the three groups after the transfer of the SCNT embryos to each surrogate mother. Subsequently, to compare the efficiency of the production of cloned transgenic YMPs between the two recipient breeds using varying parameters, including ovulation status (preovulation and postovulation), duration of in vitro culture (IVC) (incubated within 24 h and 24-48 h), and the number of transferred SCNT embryos (less than and more than 300), we assessed the pregnancy rates, delivery rates, mean offspring counts, and cloning efficiency. Regarding the ovulation status, YMPs exhibited higher pregnancy rates, delivery rates, and cloning efficiency compared with DPs in both statuses. Moreover, the pregnancy rates, delivery rates, and cloning efficiency were affected by the ovulation status in DPs, but not in YMPs. The comparison of IVC duration between groups revealed that YMPs had higher pregnancy rates vs. DPs in both conditions. SCNT embryos cultured for 24-48 h in YMPs yielded higher delivery rates and cloning efficiency compared with those cultured for less than 24 h in DPs. Finally, the analysis based on the number of transferred SCNT embryos showed that both the pregnancy and delivery rates were higher in YMPs vs. DPs. However, the highest average number of offspring was obtained when more than 300 SCNT embryos were transferred into DPs, whereas the cloning efficiency was higher in YMPs vs. DPs. Our results suggest that YMPs are more suitable recipients than are DPs under various conditions for the production of cloned transgenic YMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hyeong Kim
- Optipharm Inc, 63, Osongsaengmyeong 6-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28158, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyun Shim
- Optipharm Inc, 63, Osongsaengmyeong 6-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28158, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Ko
- Optipharm Inc, 63, Osongsaengmyeong 6-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28158, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Joo Kim
- Optipharm Inc, 63, Osongsaengmyeong 6-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28158, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjin Lee
- Optipharm Inc, 63, Osongsaengmyeong 6-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28158, Republic of Korea
| | - Kimyung Choi
- Optipharm Inc, 63, Osongsaengmyeong 6-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28158, Republic of Korea.
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Ren X, Tong Y, Yang T, Huang S, Xu T, Xue Q, Shi D, Li X. Overexpression of BRG1 improves early development of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos. Theriogenology 2024; 217:51-63. [PMID: 38245973 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The epigenetic modification levels of donor cells directly affect the developmental potential of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. BRG1, as an epigenetic modifying enzyme, has not yet been studied in donor cells and SCNT embryos. In this study, BRG1 was overexpressed in porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs), its effect on chromatin openness and gene transcription was examined, subsequently, the development potential of porcine SCNT embryos was investigated. The results showed that compared with the control group, the percentage of G1 phase cells was significantly increased (32.3 % ± 0.87 vs 25.7 % ± 0.81, P < 0.05) in the experimental group. The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of H3K9me3-related genes was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), HAT1 was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Assay of Transposase Accessible Chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq) results revealed that SMARCA4、NANOG、SOX2、MAP2K6 and HIF1A loci had more open chromatin peaks in the experimental group. The RNA-seq results showed that the upregulated genes were mainly enriched in PI3K/AKT and WNT signaling pathways, and the downregulated genes were largely focused on disease development. Interestingly, the developmental rate of porcine SCNT embryos was improved (27.33 % ± 1.40 vs 17.83 % ± 2.02, P < 0.05), the expression of zygotic gene activation-related genes in 4-cell embryos, and embryonic development-related genes in blastocysts was significantly upregulated in the experimental group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that overexpression of BRG1 in donor cells is benefit for the developmental potential of porcine SCNT embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ren
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Yi Tong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Shihai Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Tairan Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Qingsong Xue
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
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6
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Kang JS, Joo MD, Lee SH, Kang SM, Haider Z, Perera CD, Idrees M, Jin Y, Kong IK. Effect of additional cytoplasm injection on the cloned bovine embryo organelle distribution and stress mitigation. Theriogenology 2024; 216:12-19. [PMID: 38147714 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Although somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a critical component of animal cloning, this approach has several issues. We previously introduced the cytoplasm injection cloning technology (CICT), which significantly improves the quality and quantity of cloned embryos. This study examined the residual status of fused cytoplasmic organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomes, in the CICT group during early embryo development. We found that extra-cytoplasmic organelles stained using the ER-Tracker™ Green dye and LysoTracker™ Deep Red probe were fused and dispersed throughout the recipient oocyte and were still visible in day 8 blastocysts. We screened for ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis-related genes to elucidate the association between the added organelles and improved embryo quality in CICT-cloned embryos. We found that CHOP, ATF4, ATG5, ATG7, and LC3 genes showed non-significantly up- or downregulated expression between CICT- and in vitro fertilization (IVF)-derived embryos but showed significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated expression in SCNT-cloned embryos. Surprisingly, a non-significant difference in the expression of some genes, such as ATF6 and caspase-3, was observed between the CICT- and SCNT-cloned embryos. Our findings imply that compared to conventional SCNT cloning, CICT-derived cloned embryos with additional cytoplasm have much higher organelle activity, lower autophagy, lower rates of apoptosis, and higher embryo development rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Su Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Graduate School of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myeong-Don Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Graduate School of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seo-Hyeon Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Graduate School of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Min Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Graduate School of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Zaheer Haider
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Graduate School of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Chalani Dilshani Perera
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Graduate School of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Graduate School of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongxun Jin
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, PR China.
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, PR China; Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Graduate School of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; Thekingkong Co. Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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Liao Z, Zhang J, Sun S, Li Y, Xu Y, Li C, Cao J, Nie Y, Niu Z, Liu J, Lu F, Liu Z, Sun Q. Reprogramming mechanism dissection and trophoblast replacement application in monkey somatic cell nuclear transfer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5. [PMID: 38228612 PMCID: PMC10791636 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) successfully clones cynomolgus monkeys, but the efficiency remains low due to a limited understanding of the reprogramming mechanism. Notably, no rhesus monkey has been cloned through SCNT so far. Our study conducts a comparative analysis of multi-omics datasets, comparing embryos resulting from intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with those from SCNT. Our findings reveal a widespread decrease in DNA methylation and the loss of imprinting in maternally imprinted genes within SCNT monkey blastocysts. This loss of imprinting persists in SCNT embryos cultured in-vitro until E17 and in full-term SCNT placentas. Additionally, histological examination of SCNT placentas shows noticeable hyperplasia and calcification. To address these defects, we develop a trophoblast replacement method, ultimately leading to the successful cloning of a healthy male rhesus monkey. These discoveries provide valuable insights into the reprogramming mechanism of monkey SCNT and introduce a promising strategy for primate cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodi Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jixiang Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shiyu Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuzhuo Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yuting Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yanhong Nie
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zhuoyue Niu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Falong Lu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Qiang Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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Moon J, Kim SJ, Lee J, Kang H, Cho B, Kim SJ. Reproductive ability of minipigs as surrogates for somatic cell nuclear transfer. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:156-166. [PMID: 38618033 PMCID: PMC11007462 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Pigs are genetically, anatomically, and physiologically similar to humans. Recently, pigs are in the spotlight as a suitable source animal for xenotransplantation. However, to use pigs as source animals, pigs should be raised in designated pathogen-free facilities. There is abundant data from embryo transfer (ET) experiments using farm pigs as surrogates, but data on ET experiments using minipigs are scarce. Eighty minipigs were used for ET experiments and after transplantation, the implantation and delivery rates were investigated. It was also confirmed whether the pregnancy rate could be increased by changing the condition or surgical method of the surrogate. In the case of minipigs that gave birth, the size of the fetal sac on the 28th day of ET was also measured. The factors that can affect the pregnancy rate such as estrus synchronization program, ovulation status at the time of ET, the number of repeated ET surgeries, and the ET sites, were changed, and the differences on the pregnancy rate were observed. However there were no significant differences in pregnancy rate in minipigs. The diameter of the implanted fetal sac on the 28th day after ET in the minipigs whose delivery was confirmed was calculated to be 4.7 ± 0.5 cm. In conclusion, there were no significant differences in pregnancy rate of minipigs in the comparative experiment on various factors affecting the pregnancy rate. However, additional experiments and analyses are needed due to the large individual differences of the minipigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Su-Jin Kim
- GenNBio Co., Ltd.,
Pyeongtaek 17796, Korea
| | | | | | - Bumrae Cho
- GenNBio Co., Ltd.,
Pyeongtaek 17796, Korea
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Huang T, Li Z, Lv P, Zhou J, Ye C, Li A, Yuan M, Liu H, Cao G. Influence of season and conditions of surrogate sows on efficiency of somatic cell cloning production. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:1261-1269. [PMID: 37438878 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
This study was focused on the effects of ovary acquisition season, embryo transfer season, and conditions of surrogate sows on cloning efficiency, with the objective of improving the production of cloned pigs. The statistical analysis documented that cloning efficiency was highest when ovary extraction and embryo transfer occurred in the spring, and lowest when such operations occurred in the autumn. This was evidenced by the higher number of recovered oocytes (3.2 ± 0.47 vs. 2.5 ± 0.51), rate of mature oocytes (57.4 ± 0.07% vs. 48.9 ± 0.06%), rate of developed cloned blastocysts (35.7 ± 0.12% vs. 34.4 ± 0.07%), pregnancy rate of surrogate sows (73.5% vs. 33.3%), delivery rate (67.6% vs. 16.7%), litter size (6.9 ± 2.3 vs. 2.3 ± 2.5), and the number of alive newborns (5.7 ± 2.2 vs. 1.3 ± 1.2). Cloning efficiency was little affected by the ovulatory status of the surrogate sow prior to embryo transfer. The length of pregnancy, the parity, and the length of labor of the surrogate sow significantly affected the efficiency of generating pigs cloned from somatic cells. Specifically, when length of pregnancy ranged from 111 to 117 days, surrogate sows with shorter gestation period had larger litter size (8.9 ± 2.8) and a higher number of stillbirths per litter (2.1 ± 2.0). Moreover, statistical analysis indicated that selecting sows with 2-4 parities as surrogates led to increased litter size (7.7 ± 3.0) and the number of alive newborns (6.4 ± 3.1). In comparison with naturally breeding sows, the surrogate sows spent more time giving birth and suffered higher rates of stillbirth. The data obtained in this study provide valuable insights for improving the production efficiency of somatic cell cloned pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Huang
- Henan Province Livestock Genome Editing and Biobreeding Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Luohe, China
| | - Peiru Lv
- Institute of Xenotransplantation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Chuangyuan Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Henan Province Livestock Genome Editing and Biobreeding Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chongyuan Ye
- Henan Province Livestock Genome Editing and Biobreeding Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Aimin Li
- Henan Chuangyuan Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Manman Yuan
- Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Luohe, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Institute of Xenotransplantation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Chuangyuan Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gengsheng Cao
- Henan Province Livestock Genome Editing and Biobreeding Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Institute of Xenotransplantation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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10
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Popova J, Bets V, Kozhevnikova E. Perspectives in Genome-Editing Techniques for Livestock. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2580. [PMID: 37627370 PMCID: PMC10452040 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome editing of farm animals has undeniable practical applications. It helps to improve production traits, enhances the economic value of livestock, and increases disease resistance. Gene-modified animals are also used for biomedical research and drug production and demonstrate the potential to be used as xenograft donors for humans. The recent discovery of site-specific nucleases that allow precision genome editing of a single-cell embryo (or embryonic stem cells) and the development of new embryological delivery manipulations have revolutionized the transgenesis field. These relatively new approaches have already proven to be efficient and reliable for genome engineering and have wide potential for use in agriculture. A number of advanced methodologies have been tested in laboratory models and might be considered for application in livestock animals. At the same time, these methods must meet the requirements of safety, efficiency and availability of their application for a wide range of farm animals. This review aims at covering a brief history of livestock animal genome engineering and outlines possible future directions to design optimal and cost-effective tools for transgenesis in farm species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Popova
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, 630039 Novosibirsk, Russia; (J.P.); (V.B.)
| | - Victoria Bets
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, 630039 Novosibirsk, Russia; (J.P.); (V.B.)
- Center of Technological Excellence, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Kozhevnikova
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, 630039 Novosibirsk, Russia; (J.P.); (V.B.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Models of Cognitive and Emotional Disorders, Scientific-Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
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11
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Swegen A, Appeltant R, Williams SA. Cloning in action: can embryo splitting, induced pluripotency and somatic cell nuclear transfer contribute to endangered species conservation? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1225-1249. [PMID: 37016502 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The term 'cloning' refers to the production of genetically identical individuals but has meant different things throughout the history of science: a natural means of reproduction in bacteria, a routine procedure in horticulture, and an ever-evolving gamut of molecular technologies in vertebrates. Mammalian cloning can be achieved through embryo splitting, somatic cell nuclear transfer, and most recently, by the use of induced pluripotent stem cells. Several emerging biotechnologies also facilitate the propagation of genomes from one generation to the next whilst bypassing the conventional reproductive processes. In this review, we examine the state of the art of available cloning technologies and their progress in species other than humans and rodent models, in order to provide a critical overview of their readiness and relevance for application in endangered animal conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleona Swegen
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ruth Appeltant
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Gamete Research Centre, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Suzannah A Williams
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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12
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Tanga BM, Fang X, Bang S, Seo C, Kang H, Cha D, Qamar AY, Shim J, Choi K, Saadeldin IM, Lee S, Cho J. The combination of rolipram and cilostamide improved the developmental competence of cloned porcine embryos. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5733. [PMID: 37029228 PMCID: PMC10081996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32677-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro maturation of porcine oocytes is characterized by asynchronous cytoplasmic and nuclear maturation, leading to less competent oocytes supporting embryo development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of rolipram and cilostamide as cyclic Adenine monophosphate (cAMP) modulators to find the maximum cAMP levels that temporarily arrest meiosis. We determined the optimal time to maintain functional gap junction communication during pre-in vitro maturation to be four hours. Oocyte competence was evaluated by the level of glutathione, reactive oxygen species, meiotic progression, and gene expression. We evaluated embryonic developmental competence after parthenogenetic activation and somatic cell nuclear transfer. The combined treatment group showed significantly higher glutathione and lower reactive oxygen species levels and a higher maturation rate than the control and single treatment groups. Cleavage and blastocyst formation rates in parthenogenetic activation and somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos were higher in two-phase in vitro maturation than in the other groups. The relative levels of BMP15and GDF9 expression were increased in two-phase in vitro maturation. Somatic cell nuclear transfer blastocysts from two-phase in vitro maturation oocytes showed a lower level of expression of apoptotic genes than the control, indicating better pre-implantation developmental competence. The combination of rolipram and cilostamide resulted in optimal synchrony of cytoplasmic and nuclear maturation in porcine in vitro matured oocytes and there by enhanced the developmental competence of pre-implantation embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bereket Molla Tanga
- Lab of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Xun Fang
- Lab of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonggyu Bang
- Lab of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaerim Seo
- Lab of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejae Kang
- Lab of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Dabin Cha
- Lab of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmad Yar Qamar
- College of Veterinary & Animal Science, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Joohyun Shim
- Department of Transgenic Animal Research, Optipharm, Inc., Chungcheongbuk-do, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kimyung Choi
- Department of Transgenic Animal Research, Optipharm, Inc., Chungcheongbuk-do, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Islam M Saadeldin
- Lab of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Lab of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongki Cho
- Lab of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Cooper DKC, Pierson RN. Milestones on the path to clinical pig organ xenotransplantation. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:326-335. [PMID: 36775767 PMCID: PMC10127379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2022.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Progress in pig organ xenotransplantation has been made largely through (1) genetic engineering of the organ-source pig to protect its tissues from the human innate immune response, and (2) development of an immunosuppressive regimen based on blockade of the CD40/CD154 costimulation pathway to prevent the adaptive immune response. In the 1980s, after transplantation into nonhuman primates (NHPs), wild-type (genetically unmodified) pig organs were rejected within minutes or hours. In the 1990s, organs from pigs expressing a human complement-regulatory protein (CD55) transplanted into NHPs receiving intensive conventional immunosuppressive therapy functioned for days or weeks. When costimulation blockade was introduced in 2000, the adaptive immune response was suppressed more readily. The identification of galactose-α1,3-galactose as the major antigen target for human and NHP anti-pig antibodies in 1991 allowed for deletion of expression of galactose-α1,3-galactose in 2003, extending pig graft survival for up to 6 months. Subsequent gene editing to overcome molecular incompatibilities between the pig and primate coagulation systems proved additionally beneficial. The identification of 2 further pig carbohydrate xenoantigens allowed the production of 'triple-knockout' pigs that are preferred for clinical organ transplantation. These combined advances enabled the first clinical pig heart transplant to be performed and opened the door to formal clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K C Cooper
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Richard N Pierson
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Watanabe M, Nagashima H. Genome Editing of Pig. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2637:269-292. [PMID: 36773154 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3016-7_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Pigs have anatomical and physiological characteristics similar to humans; therefore, genetically modified pigs have the potential to become a valuable bioresource in biomedical research. In fact, considering the increasing need for translational research, pigs are useful for studying intractable diseases, organ transplantation, and regenerative medicine as large-scale experimental animals with excellent potential for extrapolation to humans. With the advent of zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), breakthroughs in genome editing tools such as transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) have facilitated the efficient generation of genetically modified pigs. Genome editing has been used in pigs for more than 10 years; now, along with knockout pigs, knock-in pigs are also gaining increasing importance. In this chapter, we describe the establishment of gene-modified cells (nuclear donor cells), which are necessary for gene knockout and production of knock-in pigs via somatic cell nuclear transplantation, as well as the production of gene knockout pigs using a simple cytoplasmic injection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Watanabe
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.,PorMedTec Co., Ltd., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. .,Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
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15
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Tu CF, Peng SH, Chuang CK, Wong CH, Yang TS. - Invited Review - Reproductive technologies needed for the generation of precise gene-edited pigs in the pathways from laboratory to farm. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:339-349. [PMID: 36397683 PMCID: PMC9899582 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene editing (GE) offers a new breeding technique (NBT) of sustainable value to animal agriculture. There are 3 GE working sites covering 5 feasible pathways to generate GE pigs along with the crucial intervals of GE/genotyping, microinjection/electroporation, induced pluripotent stem cells, somatic cell nuclear transfer, cryopreservation, and nonsurgical embryo transfer. The extension of NBT in the new era of pig breeding depends on the synergistic effect of GE and reproductive biotechnologies; the outcome relies not only on scientific due diligence and operational excellence but also on the feasibility of application on farms to improve sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fu Tu
- Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Research Center, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 30093,
Taiwan,Corresponding Author: Ching-Fu Tu, Tel: +886-37-585815, E-mail:
| | - Shu-Hui Peng
- Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Research Center, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 30093,
Taiwan
| | - Chin-kai Chuang
- Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Research Center, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 30093,
Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hong Wong
- Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Research Center, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 30093,
Taiwan
| | - Tien-Shuh Yang
- Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Research Center, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 30093,
Taiwan,Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 260007,
Taiwan
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16
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Nottle MB, Hawthorne WJ, Cowan PJ. The birth of Dolly and xenotransplantation 25 years on. Xenotransplantation 2023; 30:e12782. [PMID: 36413478 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A number of reviews have been written recently celebrating the 25th anniversary of the birth of Dolly the cloned sheep and the effect this breakthrough has had on various fields of research. However, arguably the biggest impact Dolly has had is on the field of xenotransplantation, described here based on our own experience and that of others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Nottle
- School of Biomedicine and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Wayne J Hawthorne
- The Centre for Transplant & Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter J Cowan
- Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Glanzner WG, Rissi VB, Bordignon V. Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer in Pigs. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2647:197-210. [PMID: 37041336 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3064-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been successfully applied to clone animals of several species. Pigs are one of the main livestock species for food production and are also important for biomedical research due to their physiopathological similarities with humans. In the past 20 years, clones of several swine breeds have been produced for a variety of purposes, including biomedical and agricultural applications. In this chapter, we describe a protocol to produce cloned pigs by SCNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner G Glanzner
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Vitor B Rissi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | - Vilceu Bordignon
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada.
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18
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Montoliu L. Transgenesis and Genome Engineering: A Historical Review. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2631:1-32. [PMID: 36995662 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2990-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Our ability to modify DNA molecules and to introduce them into mammalian cells or embryos almost appears in parallel, starting from the 1970s of the last century. Genetic engineering techniques rapidly developed between 1970 and 1980. In contrast, robust procedures to microinject or introduce DNA constructs into individuals did not take off until 1980 and evolved during the following two decades. For some years, it was only possible to add transgenes, de novo, of different formats, including artificial chromosomes, in a variety of vertebrate species or to introduce specific mutations essentially in mice, thanks to the gene-targeting methods by homologous recombination approaches using mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. Eventually, genome-editing tools brought the possibility to add or inactivate DNA sequences, at specific sites, at will, irrespective of the animal species involved. Together with a variety of additional techniques, this chapter will summarize the milestones in the transgenesis and genome engineering fields from the 1970s to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluis Montoliu
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC) and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Choe YH, Sorensen J, Garry DJ, Garry MG. Blastocyst complementation and interspecies chimeras in gene edited pigs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1065536. [PMID: 36568986 PMCID: PMC9773398 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1065536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The only curative therapy for many endstage diseases is allograft organ transplantation. Due to the limited supply of donor organs, relatively few patients are recipients of a transplanted organ. Therefore, new strategies are warranted to address this unmet need. Using gene editing technologies, somatic cell nuclear transfer and human induced pluripotent stem cell technologies, interspecies chimeric organs have been pursued with promising results. In this review, we highlight the overall technical strategy, the successful early results and the hurdles that need to be addressed in order for these approaches to produce a successful organ that could be transplanted in patients with endstage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-ho Choe
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jacob Sorensen
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Daniel J. Garry
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Mary G. Garry
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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20
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Garry DJ, Weiner JI, Greising SM, Garry MG, Sachs DH. Mechanisms and strategies to promote cardiac xenotransplantation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 172:109-119. [PMID: 36030840 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
End stage heart failure is a terminal disease, and the only curative therapy is orthotopic heart transplantation. Due to limited organ availability, alternative strategies have received intense interest for treatment of patients with advanced heart failure. Recent studies using gene-edited porcine organs suggest that cardiac xenotransplantation may provide a future source of organs. In this review, we highlight the historical milestones for cardiac xenotransplantation and the gene editing strategies designed to overcome immunological barriers, which have culminated in a recent cardiac pig-to-human xenotransplant. We also discuss recent results of studies on the engineering of human-porcine chimeric organs that may provide an alternative and complementary strategy to overcome some of the major immunological barriers to producing a new source of transplantable organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Garry
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; NorthStar Genomics, Eagan, MN, United States of America.
| | - Joshua I Weiner
- Departments of Surgery, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Sarah M Greising
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Mary G Garry
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; NorthStar Genomics, Eagan, MN, United States of America
| | - David H Sachs
- Departments of Surgery, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
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21
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iPSCs in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Unique Platform for Clinical Research and Personalized Medicine. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091485. [PMID: 36143270 PMCID: PMC9500601 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past, several animal disease models were developed to study the molecular mechanism of neurological diseases and discover new therapies, but the lack of equivalent animal models has minimized the success rate. A number of critical issues remain unresolved, such as high costs for developing animal models, ethical issues, and lack of resemblance with human disease. Due to poor initial screening and assessment of the molecules, more than 90% of drugs fail during the final step of the human clinical trial. To overcome these limitations, a new approach has been developed based on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The discovery of iPSCs has provided a new roadmap for clinical translation research and regeneration therapy. In this article, we discuss the potential role of patient-derived iPSCs in neurological diseases and their contribution to scientific and clinical research for developing disease models and for developing a roadmap for future medicine. The contribution of humaniPSCs in the most common neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, diabetic neuropathy, stroke, and spinal cord injury) were examined and ranked as per their published literature on PUBMED. We have observed that Parkinson’s disease scored highest, followed by Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, we also explored recent advancements in the field of personalized medicine, such as the patient-on-a-chip concept, where iPSCs can be grown on 3D matrices inside microfluidic devices to create an in vitro disease model for personalized medicine.
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22
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Raza SS, Hara H, Cleveland DC, Cooper DKC. The potential of genetically engineered pig heart transplantation in infants with complex congenital heart disease. Pediatr Transplant 2022; 26:e14260. [PMID: 35233893 PMCID: PMC10124767 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in surgical and medical techniques, complex congenital heart disease in neonates and infants continues to be associated with significant mortality and morbidity. More than 500 infants in the USA are placed on the cardiac transplantation wait-list annually. However, there remains a critical shortage of deceased human donor organs for transplantation with a median wait-time of 4 months. Hence, infant mortality on the heart transplant wait-list in the USA is higher than for any other solid organ transplant group. Orthotopic transplantation of a pig heart as a bridge to allotransplantation might offer the best prospect of long-term survival of these patients. In recent years, there have been several advances in genetic engineering of pigs to mitigate the vigorous antibody-mediated rejection of a pig heart transplanted into a nonhuman primate. In this review, we briefly highlight (i) the history of clinical heart xenotransplantation, (ii) current advances and techniques of genetically engineering pigs, (iii) the current status of pig orthotopic cardiac graft survival in nonhuman primates, and (iv) progress toward pursuing clinical trials of cardiac xenotransplantation. Ultimately, we argue that pig heart xenotransplantation should initially be used as a bridge to cardiac allotransplantation in neonates and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sikandar Raza
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hidetaka Hara
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David C Cleveland
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David K C Cooper
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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23
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Shi J, Xiao L, Tan B, Luo L, Li Z, Hong L, Yang J, Cai G, Zheng E, Wu Z, Gu T. Comparative evaluation of production performances of cloned pigs derived from superior Duroc boars. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 244:107049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Gambini A, Briski O, Canel NG. State of the art of nuclear transfer technologies for assisting mammalian reproduction. Mol Reprod Dev 2022; 89:230-242. [PMID: 35642677 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The transfer of nuclear genomic DNA from a cell to a previously enucleated oocyte or zygote constitutes one of the main tools for studying epigenetic reprogramming, nucleus-cytoplasm compatibility, pluripotency state, and for genetic preservation or edition in animals. More than 50 years ago, the first experiences in nuclear transfer began to reveal that factors stored in the cytoplasm of oocytes could reprogram the nucleus of another cell and support the development of an embryo with new genetic information. Furthermore, when the nuclear donor cell is an oocyte, egg, or a zygote, the implementation of these technologies acquires clinical relevance for patients with repeated failures in ART associated with poor oocyte quality or mitochondrial dysfunctions. This review describes the current state, scope, and future perspectives of nuclear transfer techniques currently available for assisting mammal reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Gambini
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Olinda Briski
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Gabriela Canel
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín," Instituto Universitario de Fertilidad y Reproducción Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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25
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Rothblatt M. Commentary on achievement of first life-saving xenoheart transplant. Xenotransplantation 2022; 29:e12746. [PMID: 35471736 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Two months of post-transplant survival were achieved in an end-stage heart disease patient with a porcine heart from a pig whose genome had been modified in 10 of its genes. This first-ever life-saving cardiac xenotransplantation was the result of decades of work and close coordination by researchers in genetic engineering, animal cloning, immunology, ex vivo organ perfusion, and thoracic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Rothblatt
- United Therapeutics Corporation, Public Benefit Company, 1000 Spring Street, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20910, USA
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26
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Osychenko AA, Zalessky AD, Tochilo UA, Martirosyan DY, Silaeva YY, Nadtochenko VA. Femtosecond laser oocyte enucleation as a low-invasive and effective method of recipient cytoplast preparation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:1447-1456. [PMID: 35414969 PMCID: PMC8973162 DOI: 10.1364/boe.449523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recipient cytoplast preparation, commonly performed by DNA aspiration with a needle, inevitably leads to the loss of reprogramming factors. As an alternative to the traditional enucleation technique, femtosecond laser enucleation can eliminate DNA effectively without loss of reprogramming factors and without oocyte puncturing. In this work we have performed oocyte enucleation by destructing the metaphase plate using a 795 nm femtosecond laser. The disability of the enucleated oocytes to develop after the parthenogenetic activation, as well as the lack of DNA staining luminescence, strongly confirms the efficiency of the femtosecond laser enucleation. The parthenogenetic development of oocytes after the cytoplasm treatment suggests a low-invasive effect of the laser enucleation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina A. Osychenko
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences. 4 Kosygina Street, Building 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr D. Zalessky
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences. 4 Kosygina Street, Building 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Uliana A. Tochilo
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences. 4 Kosygina Street, Building 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - David Yu. Martirosyan
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences. 4 Kosygina Street, Building 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia Yu. Silaeva
- Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences. 34/5 Vavilova Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor A. Nadtochenko
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences. 4 Kosygina Street, Building 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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27
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Liu Y, Cui M, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Sun M, Zhao X. Oocyte Penetration Speed Optimization Based on Intracellular Strain. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:309. [PMID: 35208433 PMCID: PMC8875814 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oocyte penetration is an essential step for many biological technologies, such as animal cloning, embryo microinjection, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Although the success rate of robotic cell penetration is very high now, the development potential of oocytes after penetration has not been significantly improved compared with manual operation. In this paper, we optimized the oocyte penetration speed based on the intracellular strain. We firstly analyzed the intracellular strain at different penetration speeds and performed the penetration experiments on porcine oocytes. Secondly, we studied the cell development potential after penetration at different penetration speeds. The statistical results showed that the percentage of large intracellular strain decreased by 80% and the maximum and average intracellular strain decreased by 25-38% at the penetration speed of 50 μm/s compared to at 10 μm/s. Experiment results showed that the cleavage rates of the oocytes after penetration increased from 65.56% to 86.36%, as the penetration speed increased from 10 to 50 μm/s. Finally, we verified the gene expression of oocytes after penetration at different speeds. The experimental results showed that the totipotency and antiapoptotic genes of oocytes were significantly higher after penetration at the speed of 50 μm/s, which verified the effectiveness of the optimization method at the gene level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowei Liu
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System, The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Intelligence Technology and Robotic Systems, Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University, Shenzhen 518083, China;
| | - Maosheng Cui
- Institute of Intelligence Technology and Robotic Systems, Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University, Shenzhen 518083, China;
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Tianjin 300112, China
| | - Yidi Zhang
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System, The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Xiangfei Zhao
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System, The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Mingzhu Sun
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System, The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Intelligence Technology and Robotic Systems, Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University, Shenzhen 518083, China;
| | - Xin Zhao
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System, The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Intelligence Technology and Robotic Systems, Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University, Shenzhen 518083, China;
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28
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Cao W, Zhao J, Qu P, Liu E. Current Progress and Prospects in Rabbit Cloning. Cell Reprogram 2022; 24:63-70. [PMID: 35167365 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2021.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) shows great value in the generation of transgenic animals, protection of endangered animals, and stem cell therapy. The combination of SCNT and gene editing has produced a variety of genetically modified animals for life science and medical research. Rabbits have unique advantages as transgenic bioreactors and human disease models; however, the low SCNT efficiency severely impedes the application of this technology. The difficulty in SCNT may be attributable to the abnormal reprogramming of somatic cells in rabbits. This review focuses on the abnormal reprogramming of cloned mammalian embryos and evaluates the progress and prospects of rabbit somatic cell cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Cao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengxiang Qu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
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29
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Technical, Biological and Molecular Aspects of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Since the announcement of the birth of the first cloned mammal in 1997, Dolly the sheep, 24 animal species including laboratory, farm, and wild animals have been cloned. The technique for somatic cloning involves transfer of the donor nucleus of a somatic cell into an enucleated oocyte at the metaphase II (MII) stage for the generation of a new individual, genetically identical to the somatic cell donor. There is increasing interest in animal cloning for different purposes such as rescue of endangered animals, replication of superior farm animals, production of genetically engineered animals, creation of biomedical models, and basic research. However, the efficiency of cloning remains relatively low. High abortion, embryonic, and fetal mortality rates are frequently observed. Moreover, aberrant developmental patterns during or after birth are reported. Researchers attribute these abnormal phenotypes mainly to incomplete nuclear remodeling, resulting in incomplete reprogramming. Nevertheless, multiple factors influence the success of each step of the somatic cloning process. Various strategies have been used to improve the efficiency of nuclear transfer and most of the phenotypically normal born clones can survive, grow, and reproduce. This paper will present some technical, biological, and molecular aspects of somatic cloning, along with remarkable achievements and current improvements.
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30
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Gutierrez K, Glanzner WG, de Macedo MP, Rissi VB, Dicks N, Bohrer RC, Baldassarre H, Agellon LB, Bordignon V. Cell Cycle Stage and DNA Repair Pathway Influence CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing Efficiency in Porcine Embryos. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020171. [PMID: 35207459 PMCID: PMC8876063 DOI: 10.3390/life12020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 technology is a powerful tool used for genome manipulation in different cell types and species. However, as with all new technologies, it still requires improvements. Different factors can affect CRISPR/Cas efficiency in zygotes, which influence the total cost and complexity for creating large-animal models for research. This study evaluated the importance of zygote cell cycle stage between early-injection (within 6 h post activation/fertilization) versus late-injection (14–16 h post activation/fertilization) when the CRISPR/Cas9 components were injected and the inhibition of the homologous recombination (HR) pathway of DNA repair on gene editing, embryo survival and development on embryos produced by fertilization, sperm injection, somatic cell nuclear transfer, and parthenogenetic activation technologies. Injections at the late cell cycle stage decreased embryo survival (measured as the proportion of unlysed embryos) and blastocyst formation (68.2%; 19.3%) compared to early-stage injection (86.3%; 28.8%). However, gene editing was higher in blastocysts from late-(73.8%) vs. early-(63.8%) injected zygotes. Inhibition of the HR repair pathway increased gene editing efficiency by 15.6% in blastocysts from early-injected zygotes without compromising embryo development. Our finding shows that injection at the early cell cycle stage along with HR inhibition improves both zygote viability and gene editing rate in pig blastocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Gutierrez
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (K.G.); (W.G.G.); (M.P.d.M.); (N.D.); (R.C.B.); (H.B.)
| | - Werner G. Glanzner
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (K.G.); (W.G.G.); (M.P.d.M.); (N.D.); (R.C.B.); (H.B.)
| | - Mariana P. de Macedo
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (K.G.); (W.G.G.); (M.P.d.M.); (N.D.); (R.C.B.); (H.B.)
| | - Vitor B. Rissi
- Department of Agriculture, Biodiversity and Forests, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Curitibanos 89520-000, Brazil;
| | - Naomi Dicks
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (K.G.); (W.G.G.); (M.P.d.M.); (N.D.); (R.C.B.); (H.B.)
| | - Rodrigo C. Bohrer
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (K.G.); (W.G.G.); (M.P.d.M.); (N.D.); (R.C.B.); (H.B.)
| | - Hernan Baldassarre
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (K.G.); (W.G.G.); (M.P.d.M.); (N.D.); (R.C.B.); (H.B.)
| | - Luis B. Agellon
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
- Correspondence: (L.B.A.); (V.B.)
| | - Vilceu Bordignon
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (K.G.); (W.G.G.); (M.P.d.M.); (N.D.); (R.C.B.); (H.B.)
- Correspondence: (L.B.A.); (V.B.)
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31
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Montoliu L. Historical DNA Manipulation Overview. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2495:3-28. [PMID: 35696025 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2301-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The history of DNA manipulation for the creation of genetically modified animals began in the 1970s, using viruses as the first DNA molecules microinjected into mouse embryos at different preimplantation stages. Subsequently, simple DNA plasmids were used to microinject into the pronuclei of fertilized mouse oocytes and that method became the reference for many years. The isolation of embryonic stem cells together with advances in genetics allowed the generation of gene-specific knockout mice, later on improved with conditional mutations. Cloning procedures expanded the gene inactivation to livestock and other non-model mammalian species. Lentiviruses, artificial chromosomes, and intracytoplasmic sperm injections expanded the toolbox for DNA manipulation. The last chapter of this short but intense history belongs to programmable nucleases, particularly CRISPR-Cas systems, triggering the development of genomic-editing techniques, the current revolution we are living in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluis Montoliu
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC) and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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32
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Whitworth KM, Green JA, Redel BK, Geisert RD, Lee K, Telugu BP, Wells KD, Prather RS. Improvements in pig agriculture through gene editing. CABI AGRICULTURE AND BIOSCIENCE 2022; 3:41. [PMID: 35755158 PMCID: PMC9209828 DOI: 10.1186/s43170-022-00111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetic modification of animals via selective breeding is the basis for modern agriculture. The current breeding paradigm however has limitations, chief among them is the requirement for the beneficial trait to exist within the population. Desirable alleles in geographically isolated breeds, or breeds selected for a different conformation and commercial application, and more importantly animals from different genera or species cannot be introgressed into the population via selective breeding. Additionally, linkage disequilibrium results in low heritability and necessitates breeding over successive generations to fix a beneficial trait within a population. Given the need to sustainably improve animal production to feed an anticipated 9 billion global population by 2030 against a backdrop of infectious diseases and a looming threat from climate change, there is a pressing need for responsive, precise, and agile breeding strategies. The availability of genome editing tools that allow for the introduction of precise genetic modification at a single nucleotide resolution, while also facilitating large transgene integration in the target population, offers a solution. Concordant with the developments in genomic sequencing approaches, progress among germline editing efforts is expected to reach feverish pace. The current manuscript reviews past and current developments in germline engineering in pigs, and the many advantages they confer for advancing animal agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M. Whitworth
- Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Jonathan A. Green
- Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Bethany K. Redel
- United States Department of Agriculture – Agriculture Research Service, Plant Genetics Research Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Rodney D. Geisert
- Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Kiho Lee
- Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Bhanu P. Telugu
- Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Kevin D. Wells
- Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Randall S. Prather
- Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
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33
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Brachygnathia Inferior in Cloned Dogs Is Possibly Correlated with Variants of Wnt Signaling Pathway Initiators. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010475. [PMID: 35008901 PMCID: PMC8745273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in animals cloned via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) have been reported. In this study, to produce bomb-sniffing dogs, we successfully cloned four healthy dogs through SCNT using the same donor genome from the skin of a male German shepherd old dog. Veterinary diagnosis (X-ray/3D-CT imaging) revealed that two cloned dogs showed normal phenotypes, whereas the others showed abnormal shortening of the mandible (brachygnathia inferior) at 1 month after birth, even though they were cloned under the same conditions except for the oocyte source. Therefore, we aimed to determine the genetic cause of brachygnathia inferior in these cloned dogs. To determine the genetic defects related to brachygnathia inferior, we performed karyotyping and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for identifying small genetic alterations in the genome, such as single-nucleotide variations or frameshifts. There were no chromosomal numerical abnormalities in all cloned dogs. However, WGS analysis revealed variants of Wnt signaling pathway initiators (WNT5B, DVL2, DACT1, ARRB2, FZD 4/8) and cadherin (CDH11, CDH1like) in cloned dogs with brachygnathia inferior. In conclusion, this study proposes that brachygnathia inferior in cloned dogs may be associated with variants in initiators and/or regulators of the Wnt/cadherin signaling pathway.
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34
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Gao M, Zhu X, Yang G, Bao J, Bu H. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing in Porcine Models for Medical Research. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1462-1475. [PMID: 34847741 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigs have been extensively used as the research models for human disease pathogenesis and gene therapy. They are also the optimal source of cells, tissues, and organs for xenotransplantation due to anatomical and physiological similarities to humans. Several breakthroughs in gene-editing technologies, including the advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9), have greatly improved the efficiency of genetic manipulation and significantly broadened the application of gene-edited large animal models. In this review, we have not only outlined the important applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in pigs as a means to study human diseases but also discussed the potential challenges of the use of CRISPR/Cas9 in large animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Gao
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chendu, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xinglong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Guang Yang
- Experimental Animal Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Ji Bao
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Hong Bu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chendu, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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35
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Lunney JK, Van Goor A, Walker KE, Hailstock T, Franklin J, Dai C. Importance of the pig as a human biomedical model. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabd5758. [PMID: 34818055 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd5758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan K Lunney
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Angelica Van Goor
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Kristen E Walker
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Taylor Hailstock
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Jasmine Franklin
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Chaohui Dai
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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36
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Viotti Perisse I, Fan Z, Van Wettere A, Liu Y, Leir S, Keim J, Regouski M, Wilson MD, Cholewa KM, Mansbach SN, Kelley TJ, Wang Z, Harris A, White KL, Polejaeva IA. Sheep models of F508del and G542X cystic fibrosis mutations show cellular responses to human therapeutics. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:841-854. [PMID: 34632318 PMCID: PMC8493969 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The F508del and G542X are the most common mutations found in US patients, accounting for 86.4% and 4.6% of all mutations, respectively. The F508del causes deletion of the phenylalanine residue at position 508 and is associated with impaired CFTR protein folding. The G542X is a nonsense mutation that introduces a stop codon into the mRNA, thus preventing normal CFTR protein synthesis. Here, we describe the generation of CFTRF508del / F508del and CFTRG542X / G542X lambs using CRISPR/Cas9 and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). First, we introduced either F508del or G542X mutations into sheep fetal fibroblasts that were subsequently used as nuclear donors for SCNT. The newborn CF lambs develop pathology similar to CFTR -/- sheep and CF patients. Moreover, tracheal epithelial cells from the CFTRF508del / F508del lambs responded to a human CFTR (hCFTR) potentiator and correctors, and those from CFTRG542X / G542X lambs showed modest restoration of CFTR function following inhibition of nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) and aminoglycoside antibiotic treatments. Thus, the phenotype and electrophysiology of these novel models represent an important advance for testing new CF therapeutics and gene therapy to improve the health of patients with this life-limiting disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuri Viotti Perisse
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary SciencesUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary SciencesUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Arnaud Van Wettere
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary SciencesUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary SciencesUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Shih‐Hsing Leir
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Jacob Keim
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary SciencesUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Misha Regouski
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary SciencesUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Michael D. Wilson
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Kelly M. Cholewa
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Sara N. Mansbach
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Thomas J. Kelley
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary SciencesUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Ann Harris
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Kenneth L. White
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary SciencesUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Irina A. Polejaeva
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary SciencesUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
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37
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Jiao D, Cheng W, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Guo J, Li Z, Shi D, Xiong Z, Qing Y, Jamal MA, Xu K, Zhao HY, Wei HJ. Improving porcine SCNT efficiency by selecting donor cells size. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:2264-2277. [PMID: 34583621 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1980983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable advancements have recently been achieved in porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), but the efficiency remains low. Donor cell size might play an important role in SCNT, but its effects in pigs remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of porcine SCNT by selecting donor cells of suitable size. Porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs) were divided into three groups, group S (small, d ≤ 13 μm), group M (medium, 13 μm<d ≤ 18 μm), and group L (large, d > 18 μm), and their biological characteristics were analyzed. Next, SCNT was performed using PFFs of different sizes to evaluate the developmental potential of reconstructed embryos. The data showed that PFFs in groups S, M and L accounted for 17.5%, 47.7% and 34.8% of cells, respectively. Morphologically, cells in group S exhibited clear and regular cell membranes and nuclei, whereas cells in groups M and L displayed varying degrees of cell membrane protuberance, karyo-pyknosis, autophagy and mitochondrial abnormalities. In addition, the growth status and proliferation capabilities of cells in group S were significantly better than those of group M and group L. The percentage of cells at G0/G1 in group S and M were significantly greater than group L. The senescence rate of group S was lower than group M and group L. The apoptosis rate of group S was significantly lower than that of group L but comparable to that of group M . The cleavage rate of group S was also significantly greater than that of group M but comparable to that of group L . The blastocyst rate of group S was significantly greater than that of group M and group L. The blastocyst cell numbers of group S were also significantly greater than those of group M and group L. These findings suggested that small PFFs with a diameter of less than 13 μm are more suitable donor cells for SCNT in pigs.Abbreviations: DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; PBS: Phosphate buffer saline; PFFs: Porcine fetal fibroblast cells; SCNT: Somatic cell nuclear transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deling Jiao
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenmin Cheng
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianxiong Guo
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Dejia Shi
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhe Xiong
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yubo Qing
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Muhammad Ameen Jamal
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Kaixiang Xu
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Ye Zhao
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Jiang Wei
- Key laboratory for porcine gene editing and xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Improved efficiencies in the generation of multigene-modified pigs by recloning and using sows as the recipient. ZYGOTE 2021; 30:103-110. [PMID: 34176529 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199421000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to improve production efficiency at the level of recipient pig and donor nuclei of transgenic cloned pigs used for xenotransplantation. To generate transgenic pigs, human endothelial protein C receptor (hEPCR) and human thrombomodulin (hTM) genes were introduced using the F2A expression vector into GalT-/-/hCD55+ porcine neonatal ear fibroblasts used as donor cells and cloned embryos were transferred to the sows and gilts. Cloned fetal kidney cells were also used as donor cells for recloning to increase production efficiency. Pregnancy and parturition rates after embryo transfer and preimplantation developmental competence were compared between cloned embryos derived from adult and fetal cells. Significantly higher parturition rates were shown in the group of sows (50.0 vs. 4.1%), natural oestrus (20.8 vs. 0%), and ovulated ovary (16.7 vs. 5.6%) compared with gilt, induced and non-ovulated, respectively (P < 0.05). When using gilts as recipients, final parturitions occurred in only the fetal cell groups and significantly higher blastocyst rates (15.1% vs. 21.3%) were seen (P < 0.05). Additionally, gene expression levels related to pluripotency were significantly higher in the fetal cell group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, sows can be recommended as recipients due to their higher efficiency in the generation of transgenic cloned pigs and cloned fetal cells also can be recommended as donor cells through correct nuclear reprogramming.
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Singh B, Mal G, Verma V, Tiwari R, Khan MI, Mohapatra RK, Mitra S, Alyami SA, Emran TB, Dhama K, Moni MA. Stem cell therapies and benefaction of somatic cell nuclear transfer cloning in COVID-19 era. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:283. [PMID: 33980321 PMCID: PMC8114669 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global health emergency of COVID-19 has necessitated the development of multiple therapeutic modalities including vaccinations, antivirals, anti-inflammatory, and cytoimmunotherapies, etc. COVID-19 patients suffer from damage to various organs and vascular structures, so they present multiple health crises. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of interest to treat acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. MAIN BODY Stem cell-based therapies have been verified for prospective benefits in copious preclinical and clinical studies. MSCs confer potential benefits to develop various cell types and organoids for studying virus-human interaction, drug testing, regenerative medicine, and immunomodulatory effects in COVID-19 patients. Apart from paving the ways to augment stem cell research and therapies, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) holds unique ability for a wide range of health applications such as patient-specific or isogenic cells for regenerative medicine and breeding transgenic animals for biomedical applications. Being a potent cell genome-reprogramming tool, the SCNT has increased prominence of recombinant therapeutics and cellular medicine in the current era of COVID-19. As SCNT is used to generate patient-specific stem cells, it avoids dependence on embryos to obtain stem cells. CONCLUSIONS The nuclear transfer cloning, being an ideal tool to generate cloned embryos, and the embryonic stem cells will boost drug testing and cellular medicine in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birbal Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Regional Station, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Gorakh Mal
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Regional Station, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Verma
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Hefei National Lab for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and the Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, Odisha, India
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Salem A Alyami
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, 11432, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh.
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India.
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- WHO Collaborating Centre on eHealth, UNSW Digital Health, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Strategy to Establish Embryo-Derived Pluripotent Stem Cells in Cattle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095011. [PMID: 34065074 PMCID: PMC8125899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell research is essential not only for the research and treatment of human diseases, but also for the genetic preservation and improvement of animals. Since embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were established in mice, substantial efforts have been made to establish true ESCs in many species. Although various culture conditions were used to establish ESCs in cattle, the capturing of true bovine ESCs (bESCs) has not been achieved. In this review, the difficulty of establishing bESCs with various culture conditions is described, and the characteristics of proprietary induced pluripotent stem cells and extended pluripotent stem cells are introduced. We conclude with a suggestion of a strategy for establishing true bESCs.
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Abstract
Germline editing, the process by which the genome of an individual is edited in such a way that the change is heritable, has been applied to a wide variety of animals [D. A. Sorrell, A. F. Kolb, Biotechnol. Adv. 23, 431-469 (2005); D. Baltimore et al., Science 348, 36-38 (2015)]. Because of its relevancy in agricultural and biomedical research, the pig genome has been extensively modified using a multitude of technologies [K. Lee, K. Farrell, K. Uh, Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 32, 40-49 (2019); C. Proudfoot, S. Lillico, C. Tait-Burkard, Anim. Front. 9, 6-12 (2019)]. In this perspective, we will focus on using pigs as the model system to review the current methodologies, applications, and challenges of mammalian germline genome editing. We will also discuss the broad implications of animal germline editing and its clinical potential.
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Abstract
Porcine cloning technology can be used to produce progenies genetically identical to the donor cells from high-quality breeding pigs. In addition, genetically modified pigs have been produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer using genetically modified porcine fetal fibroblasts. The method of preparing genetically modified pigs is critical for establishing pig models for human diseases, and for generating donor animals for future xenotransplantation. This chapter describes detailed procedures for generating cloned pigs using fetal fibroblasts as nuclear donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Jianyong Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongye Huang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Abstract
Genetically modified animals, especially rodents, are widely used in biomedical research. However, non-rodent models are required for efficient translational medicine and preclinical studies. Owing to the similarity in the physiological traits of pigs and humans, genetically modified pigs may be a valuable resource for biomedical research. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) using genetically modified somatic cells has been the primary method for the generation of genetically modified pigs. However, site-specific gene modification in porcine cells is inefficient and requires laborious and time-consuming processes. Recent improvements in gene-editing systems, such as zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) system, represent major advances. The efficient introduction of site-specific modifications into cells via gene editors dramatically reduces the effort and time required to generate genetically modified pigs. Furthermore, gene editors enable direct gene modification during embryogenesis, bypassing the SCNT procedure. The application of gene editors has progressively expanded, and a range of strategies is now available for porcine gene engineering. This review provides an overview of approaches for the generation of genetically modified pigs using gene editors, and highlights the current trends, as well as the limitations, of gene editing in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Tanihara
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan.,Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Maki Hirata
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Takeshige Otoi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
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44
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Lee EJ, Ji KB, Lee JH, Oh HJ, Kil TY, Kim MK. Application of the modified handmade cloning technique to pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:281-294. [PMID: 33987604 PMCID: PMC8071742 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is frequently employed to produce cloned animals in laboratories, this technique is expensive and inefficient. Therefore, the handmade cloning (HMC) technique has been suggested to simplify and advance the cloning process, however, HMC wastes many oocytes and leads to mitochondrial heteroplasmy. To solve these problems, we propose a modified handmade cloning (mHMC) technique that uses simple laboratory equipment, i.e., a Pasteur pipette and an alcohol lamp, applying it to porcine embryo cloning. To validate the application of mHMC to pig cloning, embryos produced through SCNT and mHMC are compared using multiple methods, such as enucleation efficiency, oxidative stress, embryo developmental competence, and gene expression. The results show no significant differences between techniques except in the enucleation efficiency. The 8-cell and 16-cell embryo developmental competence and Oct4 expression levels exhibit significant differences. However, the blastocyst rate is not significantly different between mHMC and SCNT. This study verifies that cloned embryos derived from the two techniques exhibit similar generation and developmental competence. Thus, we suggest that mHMC could replace SCNT for simpler and cheaper porcine cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Kuk Bin Ji
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | | | - Tae Young Kil
- Department of Social Welfare, Joongbu University, Geumsan 32713, Korea
| | - Min Kyu Kim
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.,MK Biotech, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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45
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Park JE, Sasaki E. Assisted Reproductive Techniques and Genetic Manipulation in the Common Marmoset. ILAR J 2021; 61:286-303. [PMID: 33693670 PMCID: PMC8918153 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Genetic modification of nonhuman primate (NHP) zygotes is a useful method for the development of NHP models of human diseases. This review summarizes the recent advances in the development of assisted reproductive and genetic manipulation techniques in NHP, providing the basis for the generation of genetically modified NHP disease models. In this study, we review assisted reproductive techniques, including ovarian stimulation, in vitro maturation of oocytes, in vitro fertilization, embryo culture, embryo transfer, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection protocols in marmosets. Furthermore, we review genetic manipulation techniques, including transgenic strategies, target gene knock-out and knock-in using gene editing protocols, and newly developed gene-editing approaches that may potentially impact the production of genetically manipulated NHP models. We further discuss the progress of assisted reproductive and genetic manipulation techniques in NHP; future prospects on genetically modified NHP models for biomedical research are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Park
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Department of Marmoset Biology and Medicine, Central Institute for Experimental Animals in Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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Advance in the Role of Epigenetic Reprogramming in Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer-Mediated Embryonic Development. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6681337. [PMID: 33628270 PMCID: PMC7880704 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6681337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) enables terminally differentiated somatic cells to gain totipotency. Many species are successfully cloned up to date, including nonhuman primate. With this technology, not only the protection of endangered animals but also human therapeutics is going to be a reality. However, the low efficiency of the SCNT-mediated reprogramming and the defects of extraembryonic tissues as well as abnormalities of cloned individuals limit the application of reproductive cloning on animals. Also, due to the scarcity of human oocytes, low efficiency of blastocyst development and embryonic stem cell line derivation from nuclear transfer embryo (ntESCs), it is far away from the application of this technology on human therapeutics to date. In recent years, multiple epigenetic barriers are reported, which gives us clues to improve reprogramming efficiency. Here, we reviewed the reprogramming process and reprogramming defects of several important epigenetic marks and highlighted epigenetic barriers that may lead to the aberrant reprogramming. Finally, we give our insights into improving the efficiency and quality of SCNT-mediated reprogramming.
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47
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Perisse IV, Fan Z, Singina GN, White KL, Polejaeva IA. Improvements in Gene Editing Technology Boost Its Applications in Livestock. Front Genet 2021; 11:614688. [PMID: 33603767 PMCID: PMC7885404 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.614688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerated development of novel CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing techniques provides a feasible approach to introduce a variety of precise modifications in the mammalian genome, including introduction of multiple edits simultaneously, efficient insertion of long DNA sequences into specific targeted loci as well as performing nucleotide transitions and transversions. Thus, the CRISPR/Cas9 tool has become the method of choice for introducing genome alterations in livestock species. The list of new CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing tools is constantly expanding. Here, we discuss the methods developed to improve efficiency and specificity of gene editing tools as well as approaches that can be employed for gene regulation, base editing, and epigenetic modifications. Additionally, advantages and disadvantages of two primary methods used for the production of gene-edited farm animals: somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT or cloning) and zygote manipulations will be discussed. Furthermore, we will review agricultural and biomedical applications of gene editing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuri Viotti Perisse
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Galina N. Singina
- L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Podolsk, Russia
| | - Kenneth L. White
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Irina A. Polejaeva
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
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48
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Niu D, Ma X, Yuan T, Niu Y, Xu Y, Sun Z, Ping Y, Li W, Zhang J, Wang T, Church GM. Porcine genome engineering for xenotransplantation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 168:229-245. [PMID: 32275950 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The extreme shortage of human donor organs for treatment of patients with end-stage organ failures is well known. Xenotransplantation, which might provide unlimited organ supply, is a most promising strategy to solve this problem. Domestic pigs are regarded as ideal organ-source animals owing to similarity in anatomy, physiology and organ size to humans as well as high reproductive capacity and low maintenance cost. However, several barriers, which include immune rejection, inflammation and coagulative dysfunctions, as well as the cross-species transmission risk of porcine endogenous retrovirus, blocked the pig-to-human xenotransplantation. With the rapid development of genome engineering technologies and the potent immunosuppressive medications in recent years, these barriers could be eliminated through genetic modification of pig genome together with the administration of effective immunosuppressants. A number of candidate genes involved in the regulation of immune response, inflammation and coagulation have been explored to optimize porcine xenograft survival in non-human primate recipients. PERV inactivation in pigs has also been accomplished to firmly address the safety issue in pig-to-human xenotransplantation. Many encouraging preclinical milestones have been achieved with some organs surviving for years. Therefore, the clinical trials of some promising organs, such as islet, kidney and heart, are aimed to be launched in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Taoyan Yuan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Yifan Niu
- Nanjing Kgene Genetic Engineering Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211300, China
| | - Yibin Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhongxin Sun
- Cosmetic & Plastic Surgery Department, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Yuan Ping
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Weifen Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jufang Zhang
- Cosmetic & Plastic Surgery Department, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Nanjing Kgene Genetic Engineering Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211300, China.
| | - George M Church
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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49
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Son YB, Bharti D, Kim SB, Bok EY, Lee SY, Ho HJ, Lee SL, Rho GJ. Hematological patterns and histopathological assessment of Miniature Pigs in the experiments on human mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1259-1268. [PMID: 33526987 PMCID: PMC7847617 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.53036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Multipotent and immune privileged properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were investigated for the treatment of various clinical diseases. For the years, many researches into the animal studies evaluated human stem cell therapeutic capacity related to the regenerative medicine. However, there were limited reports on immune privileged properties of human MSCs in animal studies. The present study investigated hematological and biochemical parameter and lymphocyte subset in mini-pigs following human MSCs transplantation as a means of validation of reliability that influence the animal test results. Methods: The miniature pigs were transplanted with human MSCs seeded with scaffold. After transplantation, all animals were evaluated by CBC, biochemistry and lymphocyte subset test. After 9 weeks, all pigs were sacrificed and organs were histologically analyzed. Results: CBC test showed that levels of RBC were decreased and reticulocyte, WBC and neutrophil were increased in transient state initially after transplantation, but returned to normal value. The proportion of B lymphocyte and cytotoxic T cell were also initially enhanced within the normal range temporarily. The female and male miniature pigs showed normal ranges for blood chemistry assessments. During the 9 weeks post-operative period, the animals showed a continuous increase in body weight and length. Furthermore, no abnormal findings were observed from the histological analysis of sacrificed pigs. Conclusions: Overall, miniature pigs transplanted with human MSCs seeded with scaffold were found to have physiologically similar results to normal animals. This result might be a reliable indicator of the animal experiments using miniature pigs with human MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Bum Son
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh Bharti
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Saet-Byul Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Yeong Bok
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Jang Ho
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Lim Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Shi J, Tan B, Luo L, Li Z, Hong L, Yang J, Cai G, Zheng E, Wu Z, Gu T. Assessment of the Growth and Reproductive Performance of Cloned Pietrain Boars. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2053. [PMID: 33171943 PMCID: PMC7694642 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
How to maximize the use of the genetic merits of the high-ranking boars (also called superior ones) is a considerable question in the pig breeding industry, considering the money and time spent on selection. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is one of the potential ways to answer the question, which can be applied to produce clones with genetic resources of superior boar for the production of commercial pigs. For practical application, it is essential to investigate whether the clones and their progeny keep behaving better than the "normal boars", considering that in vitro culture and transfer manipulation would cause a series of harmful effects to the development of clones. In this study, 59,061 cloned embryos were transferred into 250 recipient sows to produce the clones of superior Pietrain boars. The growth performance of 12 clones and 36 non-clones and the semen quality of 19 clones and 28 non-clones were compared. The reproductive performance of 21 clones and 25 non-clones were also tested. Furthermore, we made a comparison in the growth performance between 466 progeny of the clones and 822 progeny of the non-clones. Our results showed that no significant difference in semen quality and reproductive performance was observed between the clones and the non-clones, although the clones grew slower and exhibited smaller body size than the non-clones. The F1 progeny of the clones showed a greater growth rate than the non-clones. Our results demonstrated through the large animal population showed that SCNT manipulation resulted in a low growth rate and small body size, but the clones could normally produce F1 progeny with excellent growth traits to bring more economic benefits. Therefore, SCNT could be effective in enlarging the merit genetics of the superior boars and increasing the economic benefits in pig reproduction and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsong Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.S.); (B.T.); (Z.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (G.C.); (E.Z.)
- Guangdong Wens Breeding Swine Technology Co., Ltd., Yunfu 527300, China;
| | - Baohua Tan
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.S.); (B.T.); (Z.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (G.C.); (E.Z.)
| | - Lvhua Luo
- Guangdong Wens Breeding Swine Technology Co., Ltd., Yunfu 527300, China;
| | - Zicong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.S.); (B.T.); (Z.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (G.C.); (E.Z.)
| | - Linjun Hong
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.S.); (B.T.); (Z.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (G.C.); (E.Z.)
| | - Jie Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.S.); (B.T.); (Z.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (G.C.); (E.Z.)
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.S.); (B.T.); (Z.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (G.C.); (E.Z.)
- Guangdong Wens Breeding Swine Technology Co., Ltd., Yunfu 527300, China;
| | - Enqin Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.S.); (B.T.); (Z.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (G.C.); (E.Z.)
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.S.); (B.T.); (Z.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (G.C.); (E.Z.)
- Guangdong Wens Breeding Swine Technology Co., Ltd., Yunfu 527300, China;
| | - Ting Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.S.); (B.T.); (Z.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (G.C.); (E.Z.)
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