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Pereira DA, Calmasini FB, Costa FF, Burnett AL, Silva FH. Nitric Oxide Resistance in Priapism Associated with Sickle Cell Disease: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Challenges, and Future Directions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 390:203-212. [PMID: 38262744 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) display priapism, a prolonged penile erection in the absence of sexual arousal. The current pharmacological treatments for SCD-associated priapism are limited and focused on acute interventions rather than prevention. Thus, there is an urgent need for new drug targets and preventive pharmacological therapies for this condition. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms linked to the dysfunction of the NO-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) pathway implicated in SCD-associated priapism. In murine models of SCD, reduced nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP bioavailability in the corpus cavernosum is associated with elevated plasma hemoglobin levels, increased reactive oxygen species levels that inactive NO, and testosterone deficiency that leads to endothelial nitric oxide synthase downregulation. We discuss the consequences of the reduced cGMP-dependent PDE5 activity in response to these molecular changes, highlighting it as the primary pathophysiological mechanism leading to excessive corpus cavernosum relaxation, culminating in priapism. We also further discuss the impact of intravascular hemolysis on therapeutic approaches, present current pharmacological strategies targeting the NO-cGMP-PDE5 pathway in the penis, and identify potential pharmacological targets for future priapism therapies. In men with SCD and priapism, PDE5 inhibitor therapy and testosterone replacement have shown promising results. Recent preclinical research reported the beneficial effect of treatment with haptoglobin and NO donors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review discusses the molecular changes that reduce NO-cGMP bioavailability in the penis in SCD and highlights pharmacological targets and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of priapism, including PDE5 inhibitors, hormonal modulators, NO donors, hydroxyurea, soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators, haptoglobin, hemopexin, and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Andrade Pereira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Francisco University Medical School, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil (D.A.P., F.H.S.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Pharmacology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (F.B.C.); Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil (F.F.C.); and The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (A.L.B.)
| | - Fabiano Beraldi Calmasini
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Francisco University Medical School, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil (D.A.P., F.H.S.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Pharmacology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (F.B.C.); Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil (F.F.C.); and The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (A.L.B.)
| | - Fernando Ferreira Costa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Francisco University Medical School, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil (D.A.P., F.H.S.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Pharmacology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (F.B.C.); Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil (F.F.C.); and The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (A.L.B.)
| | - Arthur L Burnett
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Francisco University Medical School, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil (D.A.P., F.H.S.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Pharmacology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (F.B.C.); Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil (F.F.C.); and The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (A.L.B.)
| | - Fábio Henrique Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Francisco University Medical School, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil (D.A.P., F.H.S.); Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Pharmacology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (F.B.C.); Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil (F.F.C.); and The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (A.L.B.)
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Pereira DA, Silveira THR, Calmasini FB, Silva FH. Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators and activators: new horizons in the treatment of priapism associated with sickle cell disease. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1357176. [PMID: 38384294 PMCID: PMC10879333 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1357176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Priapism, defined as a prolonged and often painful penile erection occurring without sexual stimulation or desire, is a common complication in sickle cell disease (SCD), affecting up to 48% of male patients. This condition presents significant clinical challenges and can lead to erectile dysfunction if not properly managed. Current pharmacological treatments for SCD-related priapism are primarily reactive rather than preventative, highlighting a gap in effective medical intervention strategies. A critical factor in developing priapism is the reduced basal bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in erectile tissues. New prevention strategies should ideally target the underlying pathophysiology of the disease. Compounds that stimulate and activate soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) emerge as potential therapeutic candidates since these compounds have the property of inducing cGMP production by sGC. This review explores the potential of sGC stimulators and activators in treating priapism associated with SCD. We discuss the advantages of these agents in the face of the challenging pathophysiology of SCD. Additionally, the review underscores the impact of intravascular hemolysis and oxidative stress on priapism pathophysiology in SCD, areas in which sGC stimulators and activators may also have beneficial therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Andrade Pereira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Francisco University Medical School, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiano Beraldi Calmasini
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Henrique Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Francisco University Medical School, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
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Benza RL, Grünig E, Sandner P, Stasch JP, Simonneau G. The nitric oxide-soluble guanylate cyclase-cGMP pathway in pulmonary hypertension: from PDE5 to soluble guanylate cyclase. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:230183. [PMID: 38508664 PMCID: PMC10957071 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0183-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO)-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Targeted treatments include phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) and sGC stimulators. The sGC stimulator riociguat is approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). sGC stimulators have a dual mechanism of action, enhancing the sGC response to endogenous NO and directly stimulating sGC, independent of NO. This increase in cGMP production via a dual mechanism differs from PDE5i, which protects cGMP from degradation by PDE5, rather than increasing its production. sGC stimulators may therefore have the potential to increase cGMP levels under conditions of NO depletion that could limit the effectiveness of PDE5i. Such differences in mode of action between sGC stimulators and PDE5i could lead to differences in treatment efficacy between the classes. In addition to vascular effects, sGC stimulators have the potential to reduce inflammation, angiogenesis, fibrosis and right ventricular hypertrophy and remodelling. In this review we describe the evolution of treatments targeting the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway, with a focus on PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ekkehard Grünig
- Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Sandner
- Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes-Peter Stasch
- Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Gérald Simonneau
- Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, CHU Kremlin Bicêtre, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Gawrys O, Husková Z, Škaroupková P, Honetschlägerová Z, Vaňourková Z, Kikerlová S, Melenovský V, Bačová BS, Sykora M, Táborský M, Červenka L. The treatment with sGC stimulator improves survival of hypertensive rats in response to volume-overload induced by aorto-caval fistula. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3757-3773. [PMID: 37338578 PMCID: PMC10643302 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02561-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) has been declared as global pandemic and current therapies are still ineffective, especially in patients that develop concurrent cardio-renal syndrome. Considerable attention has been focused on the nitric oxide (NO)/soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of sGC stimulator (BAY41-8543) with the same mode of action as vericiguat, for the treatment of heart failure (HF) with cardio-renal syndrome. As a model, we chose heterozygous Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR), with high-output heart failure, induced by aorto-caval fistula (ACF). The rats were subjected into three experimental protocols to evaluate short-term effects of the treatment, impact on blood pressure, and finally the long-term survival lasting 210 days. As control groups, we used hypertensive sham TGR and normotensive sham HanSD rats. We have shown that the sGC stimulator effectively increased the survival of rats with HF in comparison to untreated animals. After 60 days of sGC stimulator treatment, the survival was still 50% compared to 8% in the untreated rats. One-week treatment with sGC stimulator increased the excretion of cGMP in ACF TGR (109 ± 28 nnmol/12 h), but the ACE inhibitor decreased it (-63 ± 21 nnmol/12 h). Moreover, sGC stimulator caused a decrease in SBP, but this effect was only temporary (day 0: 117 ± 3; day 2: 108 ± 1; day 14: 124 ± 2 mmHg). These results support the concept that sGC stimulators might represent a valuable class of drugs to battle heart failure especially with cardio-renal syndrome, but further studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gawrys
- Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Husková
- Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Škaroupková
- Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Honetschlägerová
- Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Vaňourková
- Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Kikerlová
- Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Melenovský
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara Szeiffová Bačová
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matúš Sykora
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miloš Táborský
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Olomouc and Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Červenka
- Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Olomouc and Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Dow LF, Case AM, Paustian MP, Pinkerton BR, Simeon P, Trippier PC. The evolution of small molecule enzyme activators. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2206-2230. [PMID: 37974956 PMCID: PMC10650962 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00399j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a myriad of enzymes within the body responsible for maintaining homeostasis by providing the means to convert substrates to products as and when required. Physiological enzymes are tightly controlled by many signaling pathways and their products subsequently control other pathways. Traditionally, most drug discovery efforts focus on identifying enzyme inhibitors, due to upregulation being prevalent in many diseases and the existence of endogenous substrates that can be modified to afford inhibitor compounds. As enzyme downregulation and reduction of endogenous activators are observed in multiple diseases, the identification of small molecules with the ability to activate enzymes has recently entered the medicinal chemistry toolbox to afford chemical probes and potential therapeutics as an alternative means to intervene in diseases. In this review we highlight the progress made in the identification and advancement of non-kinase enzyme activators and their potential in treating various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise F Dow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
| | - Alfie M Case
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
| | - Megan P Paustian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
| | - Braeden R Pinkerton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
| | - Princess Simeon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
- UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68106 USA
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Ferreira PMP, Almeida AACD, Conceição MLP, Pessoa ODL, Marques LGA, Capasso R, Pessoa C. Cordia oncocalyx and oncocalyxones: From the phytochemistry to the anticancer action and therapeutic benefits against chronic diseases. Fitoterapia 2023; 169:105624. [PMID: 37500017 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Cordia oncocalyx Allemão is an endemic economically underexploited plant from Brazilian semi-arid region. Herein, we carried out a well-defined bibliographic review about the pharmacological activities of oncocalyxones from C. oncocalyx and mechanisms responsible for the biomedical properties. MeSH terms were used in the scientific databases for a narrative exploration. Technological development and bioproducts were also examined. Cordia oncocalyx is a deciduous tree of sexual reproduction rich in terpenoid quinones. Among them, oncocalyxone A, a 1,4-benzoquinone, the main compound from heartwood ethanol extracts, revealed anti-inflammatory and anti-edematogenic actions induced by carrageenan and dextran and antinociceptive potential in mice provoked by acetic acid and formalin. Oncocalyxone A inhibits platelet aggregation via activation of the soluble guanylate cyclase enzyme and blocks glycation processes. In addition to the antimicrobial effects against protozoa, fungi and bacteria and relaxation of smooth muscles, oncocalyxone A reduces mean blood pressure and glycemia in diabetic rats, decreases glomerular filtration parameters and tubular transport of electrolytes, and presents in vitro antimitotic and cytotoxic action upon different types of cancers, including resistant lung carcinoma lines. It has low oral acute toxicity (LD50 > 2000 mg/kg) and activates cellular apoptosis through the production of free radicals and interactions with DNA. However, no patents were found, which also emphasizes that Brazil, as the cradle of the main articles on C. oncocalyx, is wasting time and money. Moreover, slight systemic deleterious effects in mammals stimulate the use of oncocalyxone A and related compounds as lead constituents of safer drugs against chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.
| | - Antonia Amanda Cardoso de Almeida
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Micaely Lorrana Pereira Conceição
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Lana Grasiela Alves Marques
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cláudia Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Sharma A, Choi J, Sim L, Dey A, Mohan M, Kantharidis P, Dietz L, Sandner P, de Haan JB. Ameliorating diabetes-associated atherosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy through modulation of soluble guanylate cyclase. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1220095. [PMID: 37502180 PMCID: PMC10368983 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1220095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent risk factor for micro- and macrovascular complications such as nephropathy and atherosclerosis respectively, which are the major causes of premature morbidity and mortality in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients. Endothelial dysfunction is the critical first step of vascular disease and is characterized by reduced bioavailability of the essential endothelial vasodilator, nitric oxide (NO), coupled with an elevation in inflammation and oxidative stress. A novel pathway to bolster NO activity is to upregulate soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), an enzyme responsible for mediating the protective actions of NO. Two classes of sGC modulators exist, activators and stimulators, with differing sensitivity to oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of the sGC stimulator BAY 41-2272 (Bay 41) and the sGC activator BAY 60-2770 (Bay 60) on endpoints of atherosclerosis and renal disease as well as inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. We hypothesized that under oxidative conditions known to accompany diabetes, sGC activation might be more efficacious than sGC stimulation in limiting diabetic vascular complications. We demonstrate that Bay 60 not only significantly decreased nitrotyrosine staining (P < 0.01) and F4/80 positive cells by 75% (P < 0.05), but it also significantly reduced total plaque area (P < 0.05) and improved endothelial function (P < 0.01). Our data suggest an important anti-atherogenic role for Bay 60 accompanied by reduced oxidative stress and inflammation under diabetic settings. Treatment with the stimulator Bay 41, on the other hand, had minimal effects or caused no changes with respect to cardiovascular or renal pathology. In the kidneys, treatment with Bay 60 significantly lessened urinary albuminuria, mesangial expansion and nitrotyrosine staining under diabetic conditions. In summary, our head-to-head comparator is the first preclinical study to show that a sGC activator is more efficacious than a sGC stimulator for the treatment of diabetes-associated vascular and renal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpeeta Sharma
- Cardiovascular Inflammation and Redox Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Judy Choi
- Cardiovascular Inflammation and Redox Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lachlan Sim
- Cardiovascular Inflammation and Redox Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Abhiroop Dey
- Cardiovascular Inflammation and Redox Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Muthukumar Mohan
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Phillip Kantharidis
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa Dietz
- Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Peter Sandner
- Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Judy B. de Haan
- Cardiovascular Inflammation and Redox Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Jones AK, Chen H, Ng KJ, Villalona J, McHugh M, Zeveleva S, Wilks J, Brilisauer K, Bretschneider T, Qian HS, Fryer RM. Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Activator BI 685509 Reduces Portal Hypertension and Portosystemic Shunting in a Rat Thioacetamide-Induced Cirrhosis Model. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 386:70-79. [PMID: 37230799 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Portal hypertension (PT) commonly occurs in cirrhosis. Nitric oxide (NO) imbalance contributes to PT via reduced soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activation and cGMP production, resulting in vasoconstriction, endothelial cell dysfunction, and fibrosis. We assessed the effects of BI 685509, an NO-independent sGC activator, on fibrosis and extrahepatic complications in a thioacetamide (TAA)-induced cirrhosis and PT model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received TAA twice-weekly for 15 weeks (300-150 mg/kg i.p.). BI 685509 was administered daily for the last 12 weeks (0.3, 1, and 3 mg/kg p.o.; n = 8-11 per group) or the final week only (Acute, 3 mg/kg p.o.; n = 6). Rats were anesthetized to measure portal venous pressure. Pharmacokinetics and hepatic cGMP (target engagement) were measured by mass spectrometry. Hepatic Sirius Red morphometry (SRM) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) were measured by immunohistochemistry; portosystemic shunting was measured using colored microspheres. BI 685509 dose-dependently increased hepatic cGMP at 1 and 3 mg/kg (3.92 ± 0.34 and 5.14 ± 0.44 versus 2.50 ± 0.19 nM in TAA alone; P < 0.05). TAA increased hepatic SRM, αSMA, PT, and portosystemic shunting. Compared with TAA, 3 mg/kg BI 685509 reduced SRM by 38%, αSMA area by 55%, portal venous pressure by 26%, and portosystemic shunting by 10% (P < 0.05). Acute BI 685509 reduced SRM and PT by 45% and 21%, respectively (P < 0.05). BI 685509 improved hepatic and extrahepatic cirrhosis pathophysiology in TAA-induced cirrhosis. These data support the clinical investigation of BI 685509 for PT in patients with cirrhosis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: BI 685509 is an NO-independent sGC activator that was tested in a preclinical rat model of TAA-induced nodular, liver fibrosis, portal hypertension, and portal systemic shunting. BI 685509 reduced liver fibrosis, portal hypertension, and portal-systemic shunting in a dose-dependent manner, supporting its clinical assessment to treat portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Jones
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut (A.K.J., H.C., K.J.N., J.V., M.M., S.Z., J.W., H.S.Q., R.M.F.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany (K.B., T.B.)
| | - Hongxing Chen
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut (A.K.J., H.C., K.J.N., J.V., M.M., S.Z., J.W., H.S.Q., R.M.F.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany (K.B., T.B.)
| | - Khing Jow Ng
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut (A.K.J., H.C., K.J.N., J.V., M.M., S.Z., J.W., H.S.Q., R.M.F.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany (K.B., T.B.)
| | - Jorge Villalona
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut (A.K.J., H.C., K.J.N., J.V., M.M., S.Z., J.W., H.S.Q., R.M.F.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany (K.B., T.B.)
| | - Mark McHugh
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut (A.K.J., H.C., K.J.N., J.V., M.M., S.Z., J.W., H.S.Q., R.M.F.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany (K.B., T.B.)
| | - Svetlana Zeveleva
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut (A.K.J., H.C., K.J.N., J.V., M.M., S.Z., J.W., H.S.Q., R.M.F.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany (K.B., T.B.)
| | - James Wilks
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut (A.K.J., H.C., K.J.N., J.V., M.M., S.Z., J.W., H.S.Q., R.M.F.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany (K.B., T.B.)
| | - Klaus Brilisauer
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut (A.K.J., H.C., K.J.N., J.V., M.M., S.Z., J.W., H.S.Q., R.M.F.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany (K.B., T.B.)
| | - Tom Bretschneider
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut (A.K.J., H.C., K.J.N., J.V., M.M., S.Z., J.W., H.S.Q., R.M.F.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany (K.B., T.B.)
| | - Hu Sheng Qian
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut (A.K.J., H.C., K.J.N., J.V., M.M., S.Z., J.W., H.S.Q., R.M.F.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany (K.B., T.B.)
| | - Ryan M Fryer
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut (A.K.J., H.C., K.J.N., J.V., M.M., S.Z., J.W., H.S.Q., R.M.F.); and Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany (K.B., T.B.)
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9
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Zeigler MB, Fay EE, Moreni SL, Mao J, Totah RA, Hebert MF. Plasma hydrogen sulfide, nitric oxide, and thiocyanate levels are lower during pregnancy compared to postpartum in a cohort of women from the Pacific northwest of the United States. Life Sci 2023; 322:121625. [PMID: 37001802 PMCID: PMC10133030 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Pregnancy alters multiple physiological processes including angiogenesis, vasodilation, inflammation, and cellular redox, which are partially modulated by the gasotransmitters hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO). In this study, we sought to determine how plasma levels of H2S, NO, and the H2S-related metabolites thiocyanate (SCN-), and methanethiol (CH3SH) change during pregnancy progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma was collected from 45 women at three points: 25-28 weeks gestation, 28-32 week gestation, and at ≥3 months postpartum. Plasma levels of H2S, SCN-, and CH3SH were measured following derivatization using monobromobimane followed by LC-MS/MS. Plasma NO was measured indirectly using the Griess reagent. KEY FINDINGS NO and SCN- were significantly lower in women at 25-28 weeks gestation and 28-32 weeks gestation than postpartum while plasma H2S levels were significantly lower at 28-32 weeks gestation than postpartum. No significant differences were observed in CH3SH. SIGNIFICANCE Previous reports demonstrated that the production of H2S and NO are stimulated during pregnancy, but we observed lower levels during pregnancy compared to postpartum. Previous reports on NO have been mixed, but given the related effects of H2S and NO, it is expected that their levels would be higher during pregnancy vs. postpartum. Future studies determining the mechanism for decreased H2S and NO during pregnancy will elucidate the role of these gasotransmitters during normal and pathological progression of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell B Zeigler
- University of Washington, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Emily E Fay
- University of Washington, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sue L Moreni
- University of Washington, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennie Mao
- University of Washington, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rheem A Totah
- University of Washington, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary F Hebert
- University of Washington, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Washington, Department of Pharmacy, Seattle, WA, USA
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10
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Wittenborn EC, Thomas WC, Houghton KA, Wirachman ES, Wu Y, Marletta MA. Role of the Coiled-Coil Domain in Allosteric Activity Regulation in Soluble Guanylate Cyclase. Biochemistry 2023; 62:1568-1576. [PMID: 37129924 PMCID: PMC10686098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is the primary nitric oxide (NO) receptor in higher eukaryotes, including humans. NO-dependent signaling via sGC is associated with important physiological effects in the vascular, pulmonary, and neurological systems, and sGC itself is an established drug target for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension due to its central role in vasodilation. Despite isolation in the late 1970s, high-resolution structural information on full-length sGC remained elusive until recent cryo-electron microscopy structures were determined of the protein in both the basal unactivated state and the NO-activated state. These structures revealed large-scale conformational changes upon activation that appear to be centered on rearrangements within the coiled-coil (CC) domains in the enzyme. Here, a structure-guided approach was used to engineer constitutively unactivated and constitutively activated sGC variants through mutagenesis of the CC domains. These results demonstrate that the activation-induced conformational change in the CC domains is necessary and sufficient for determining the level of sGC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Wittenborn
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - William C. Thomas
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Houghton
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Erika S. Wirachman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael A. Marletta
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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11
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Argiolas A, Argiolas FM, Argiolas G, Melis MR. Erectile Dysfunction: Treatments, Advances and New Therapeutic Strategies. Brain Sci 2023; 13:802. [PMID: 37239274 PMCID: PMC10216368 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to get and maintain an adequate penile erection for satisfactory sexual intercourse. Due to its negative impacts on men's life quality and increase during aging (40% of men between 40 and 70 years), ED has always attracted researchers of different disciplines, from urology, andrology and neuropharmacology to regenerative medicine, and vascular and prosthesis implant surgery. Locally and/or centrally acting drugs are used to treat ED, e.g., phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (first in the list) given orally, and phentolamine, prostaglandin E1 and papaverine injected intracavernously. Preclinical data also show that dopamine D4 receptor agonists, oxytocin and α-MSH analogues may have a role in ED treatment. However, since pro-erectile drugs are given on demand and are not always efficacious, new strategies are being tested for long lasting cures of ED. These include regenerative therapies, e.g., stem cells, plasma-enriched platelets and extracorporeal shock wave treatments to cure damaged erectile tissues. Although fascinating, these therapies are laborious, expensive and not easily reproducible. This leaves old vacuum erection devices and penile prostheses as the only way to get an artificial erection and sexual intercourse with intractable ED, with penile prosthesis used only by accurately selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Argiolas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (F.M.A.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Francesco Mario Argiolas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (F.M.A.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Giacomo Argiolas
- General Medicine Unit, Hospital San Michele, ARNAS“G. Brotzu”, Piazzale Ricchi 1, 09100 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Maria Rosaria Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (F.M.A.); (M.R.M.)
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12
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Gallo G, Rubattu S, Autore C, Volpe M. Natriuretic Peptides: It Is Time for Guided Therapeutic Strategies Based on Their Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5131. [PMID: 36982204 PMCID: PMC10049669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are the principal expression products of the endocrine function of the heart. They exert several beneficial effects, mostly mediated through guanylate cyclase-A coupled receptors, including natriuresis, diuresis, vasorelaxation, blood volume and blood pressure reduction, and regulation of electrolyte homeostasis. As a result of their biological functions, NPs counterbalance neurohormonal dysregulation in heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases. NPs have been also validated as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases such as atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, and valvular heart disease, as well as in the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy and severe cardiac remodeling. Serial measurements of their levels may be used to contribute to more accurate risk stratification by identifying patients who are more likely to experience death from cardiovascular causes, heart failure, and cardiac hospitalizations and to guide tailored pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies with the aim to improve clinical outcomes. On these premises, multiple therapeutic strategies based on the biological properties of NPs have been attempted to develop new targeted cardiovascular therapies. Apart from the introduction of the class of angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitors to the current management of heart failure, novel promising molecules including M-atrial natriuretic peptide (a novel atrial NP-based compound) have been tested for the treatment of human hypertension with promising results. Moreover, different therapeutic strategies based on the molecular mechanisms involved in NP regulation and function are under development for the management of heart failure, hypertension, and other cardiovascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Gallo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, RM, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Camillo Autore
- IRCCS San Raffaele Cassino, Via G. Di Biasio 1, 03043 Cassino, FR, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, RM, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via della Pisana 235, 00163 Rome, RM, Italy
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13
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Reinhart GA, Harrison PC, Lincoln K, Chen H, Sun P, Hill J, Qian HS, McHugh MC, Clifford H, Ng KJ, Wang H, Fowler D, Gueneva-Boucheva K, Brenneman JB, Bosanac T, Wong D, Fryer RM, Sarko C, Boustany-Kari CM, Pullen SS. The Novel, Clinical-Stage Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Activator BI 685509 Protects from Disease Progression in Models of Renal Injury and Disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 384:382-392. [PMID: 36507845 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) to restore cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and improve functionality of nitric oxide (NO) pathways impaired by oxidative stress is a potential treatment of diabetic and chronic kidney disease. We report the pharmacology of BI 685509, a novel, orally active small molecule sGC activator with disease-modifying potential. BI 685509 and human sGC α1/β1 heterodimer containing a reduced heme group produced concentration-dependent increases in cGMP that were elevated modestly by NO, whereas heme-free sGC and BI 685509 greatly enhanced cGMP with no effect of NO. BI 685509 increased cGMP in human and rat platelet-rich plasma treated with the heme-oxidant ODQ; respective EC50 values were 467 nM and 304 nM. In conscious telemetry-instrumented rats, BI 685509 did not affect mean arterial pressure (MAP) or heart rate (HR) at 3 and 10 mg/kg (p.o.), whereas 30 mg/kg decreased MAP and increased HR. Ten days of BI 685509 at supratherapeutic doses (60 or 100 mg/kg p.o., daily) attenuated MAP and HR responses to a single 100 mg/kg challenge. In the ZSF1 rat model, BI 685509 (1, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg per day, daily) coadministered with enalapril (3 mg/kg per day) dose-dependently reduced proteinuria and incidence of glomerular sclerosis; MAP was modestly reduced at the higher doses versus enalapril. In the 7-day rat unilateral ureteral obstruction model, BI 685509 dose-dependently reduced tubulointerstitial fibrosis (P < 0.05 at 30 mg/kg). In conclusion, BI 685509 is a potent, orally bioavailable sGC activator with clear renal protection and antifibrotic activity in preclinical models of kidney injury and disease. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: BI 685509 is a novel small soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) molecule activator that exhibits an in vitro profile consistent with that of an sGC activator. BI 685509 reduced proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis in the ZSF1 rat, a model of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and reduced tubulointerstitial fibrosis in a rat 7-day unilateral ureteral obstruction model. Thus, BI 685509 is a promising new therapeutic agent and is currently in phase II clinical trials for chronic kidney disease and DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn A Reinhart
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Paul C Harrison
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Kathleen Lincoln
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Hongxing Chen
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Peng Sun
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Jon Hill
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Hu Sheng Qian
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Mark C McHugh
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Holly Clifford
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Khing Jow Ng
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Hong Wang
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Danielle Fowler
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Kristina Gueneva-Boucheva
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Jehrod B Brenneman
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Todd Bosanac
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Diane Wong
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Ryan M Fryer
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Chris Sarko
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Carine M Boustany-Kari
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Steven S Pullen
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (G.A.R., P.C.H., K.L., H.C., P.S., H.S.Q., M.C.M., H.C., K.J.N., H.W., D.F., R.M.F., C.M.B.-K., S.S.P.), Small Molecule Discovery Research (K.G.-B., J.B.B., T.B., D.W., C.S.), and Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences (J.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut
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14
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Volpe M, Gallo G, Rubattu S. Endocrine functions of the heart: from bench to bedside. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:643-655. [PMID: 36582126 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart has a recognized endocrine function as it produces several biologically active substances with hormonal properties. Among these hormones, the natriuretic peptide (NP) system has been extensively characterized and represents a prominent expression of the endocrine function of the heart. Over the years, knowledge about the mechanisms governing their synthesis, secretion, processing, and receptors interaction of NPs has been intensively investigated. Their main physiological endocrine and paracrine effects on cardiovascular and renal systems are mostly mediated through guanylate cyclase-A coupled receptors. The potential role of NPs in the pathophysiology of heart failure and particularly their counterbalancing action opposing the overactivation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems has been described. In addition, NPs are used today as key biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases with both diagnostic and prognostic significance. On these premises, multiple therapeutic strategies based on the biological properties of NPs have been attempted to develop new cardiovascular therapies. Apart from the introduction of the class of angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitors in the current management of heart failure, novel promising molecules, including M-atrial natriuretic peptide (a novel atrial NP-based compound), have been tested for the treatment of human hypertension. The development of new drugs is currently underway, and we are probably only at the dawn of novel NPs-based therapeutic strategies. The present article also provides an updated overview of the regulation of NPs synthesis and secretion by microRNAs and epigenetics as well as interactions of cardiac hormones with other endocrine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy.,IRCCS San Raffaele, Via della Pisana 235, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gallo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
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15
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Sharina I, Martin E. Cellular Factors That Shape the Activity or Function of Nitric Oxide-Stimulated Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase. Cells 2023; 12:471. [PMID: 36766813 PMCID: PMC9914232 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
NO-stimulated guanylyl cyclase (SGC) is a hemoprotein that plays key roles in various physiological functions. SGC is a typical enzyme-linked receptor that combines the functions of a sensor for NO gas and cGMP generator. SGC possesses exclusive selectivity for NO and exhibits a very fast binding of NO, which allows it to function as a sensitive NO receptor. This review describes the effect of various cellular factors, such as additional NO, cell thiols, cell-derived small molecules and proteins on the function of SGC as cellular NO receptor. Due to its vital physiological function SGC is an important drug target. An increasing number of synthetic compounds that affect SGC activity via different mechanisms are discovered and brought to clinical trials and clinics. Cellular factors modifying the activity of SGC constitute an opportunity for improving the effectiveness of existing SGC-directed drugs and/or the creation of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emil Martin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, The University of Texas—McGovern Medical School, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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16
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Karimi Galougahi K, Zhang Y, Kienzle V, Liu C, Quek L, Patel S, Lau E, Cordina R, Figtree GA, Celermajer DS. β3 adrenergic agonism: A novel pathway which improves right ventricular-pulmonary arterial hemodynamics in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15549. [PMID: 36597221 PMCID: PMC9810839 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficacy of therapies that target the downstream nitric oxide (NO) pathway in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) depends on the bioavailability of NO. Reduced NO level in PAH is secondary to "uncoupling" of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Stimulation of β3 adrenergic receptors (β3 ARs) may lead to the recoupling of NOS and therefore be beneficial in PAH. We aimed to examine the efficacy of β3 AR agonism as a novel pathway in experimental PAH. In hypoxia (5 weeks) and Sugen hypoxia (hypoxia for 5 weeks + SU5416 injection) models of PAH, we examined the effects of the selective β3 AR agonist CL316243. We measured echocardiographic indices and invasive right ventricular (RV)-pulmonary arterial (PA) hemodynamics and compared CL316243 with riociguat and sildenafil. We assessed treatment effects on RV-PA remodeling, oxidative stress, and eNOS glutathionylation, an oxidative modification that uncouples eNOS. Compared with normoxic mice, RV systolic pressure was increased in the control hypoxic mice (p < 0.0001) and Sugen hypoxic mice (p < 0.0001). CL316243 reduced RV systolic pressure, to a similar degree to riociguat and sildenafil, in both hypoxia (p < 0.0001) and Sugen hypoxia models (p < 0.03). CL316243 reversed pulmonary vascular remodeling, decreased RV afterload, improved RV-PA coupling efficiency and reduced RV stiffness, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. Although all treatments decreased oxidative stress, CL316243 significantly reduced eNOS glutathionylation. β3 AR stimulation improved RV hemodynamics and led to beneficial RV-PA remodeling in experimental models of PAH. β3 AR agonists may be effective therapies in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Karimi Galougahi
- Heart Research InstituteSydneyAustralia
- Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia
- Sydney Medical SchoolFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | | | | | - Chia‐Chi Liu
- Heart Research InstituteSydneyAustralia
- Sydney Medical SchoolFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Kolling Institute for Medical ResearchSydneyAustralia
| | - Lake‐Ee Quek
- Charles Perkins CenterUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research InstituteSydneyAustralia
- Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia
- Sydney Medical SchoolFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Edmund Lau
- Sydney Medical SchoolFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Department of Respiratory MedicineRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | - Rachael L. Cordina
- Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia
- Sydney Medical SchoolFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Gemma A. Figtree
- Sydney Medical SchoolFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Kolling Institute for Medical ResearchSydneyAustralia
- Department of CardiologyRoyal North Shore HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | - David S. Celermajer
- Heart Research InstituteSydneyAustralia
- Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia
- Sydney Medical SchoolFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
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17
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Wu G, Sharina I, Martin E. Soluble guanylyl cyclase: Molecular basis for ligand selectivity and action in vitro and in vivo. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1007768. [PMID: 36304925 PMCID: PMC9592903 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1007768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), oxygen (O2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are gaseous molecules that play important roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of eukaryotes. Tissue concentrations of these physiologically relevant gases vary remarkable from nM range for NO to high μM range of O2. Various hemoproteins play a significant role in sensing and transducing cellular signals encoded by gaseous molecules or in transporting them. Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is a hemoprotein that plays vital roles in a wide range of physiological functions and combines the functions of gaseous sensor and signal transducer. sGC uniquely evolved to sense low non-toxic levels of NO and respond to elevated NO levels by increasing its catalytic ability to generate the secondary signaling messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). This review discusses sGC's gaseous ligand selectivity and the molecular basis for sGC function as high-affinity and selectivity NO receptor. The effects of other gaseous molecules and small molecules of cellular origin on sGC's function are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas—McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Gang Wu, ; Emil Martin,
| | - Iraida Sharina
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas—McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Emil Martin
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas—McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Gang Wu, ; Emil Martin,
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18
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Becker-Pelster EM, Hahn MG, Delbeck M, Dietz L, Hüser J, Kopf J, Kraemer T, Marquardt T, Mondritzki T, Nagelschmitz J, Nikkho SM, Pires PV, Tinel H, Weimann G, Wunder F, Sandner P, Schuhmacher J, Stasch JP, Truebel HKF. Inhaled mosliciguat (BAY 1237592): targeting pulmonary vasculature via activating apo-sGC. Respir Res 2022; 23:272. [PMID: 36183104 PMCID: PMC9526466 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress associated with severe cardiopulmonary diseases leads to impairment in the nitric oxide/soluble guanylate cyclase signaling pathway, shifting native soluble guanylate cyclase toward heme-free apo-soluble guanylate cyclase. Here we describe a new inhaled soluble guanylate cyclase activator to target apo-soluble guanylate cyclase and outline its therapeutic potential. Methods We aimed to generate a novel soluble guanylate cyclase activator, specifically designed for local inhaled application in the lung. We report the discovery and in vitro and in vivo characterization of the soluble guanylate cyclase activator mosliciguat (BAY 1237592). Results Mosliciguat specifically activates apo-soluble guanylate cyclase leading to improved cardiopulmonary circulation. Lung-selective effects, e.g., reduced pulmonary artery pressure without reduced systemic artery pressure, were seen after inhaled but not after intravenous administration in a thromboxane-induced pulmonary hypertension minipig model. These effects were observed over a broad dose range with a long duration of action and were further enhanced under experimental oxidative stress conditions. In a unilateral broncho-occlusion minipig model, inhaled mosliciguat decreased pulmonary arterial pressure without ventilation/perfusion mismatch. With respect to airway resistance, mosliciguat showed additional beneficial bronchodilatory effects in an acetylcholine-induced rat model. Conclusion Inhaled mosliciguat may overcome treatment limitations in patients with pulmonary hypertension by improving pulmonary circulation and airway resistance without systemic exposure or ventilation/perfusion mismatch. Mosliciguat has the potential to become a new therapeutic paradigm, exhibiting a unique mode of action and route of application, and is currently under clinical development in phase Ib for pulmonary hypertension. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02189-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Becker-Pelster
- Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18A, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Michael G Hahn
- Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18A, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Martina Delbeck
- Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18A, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Lisa Dietz
- Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18A, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jörg Hüser
- Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18A, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Johannes Kopf
- Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18A, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraemer
- Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18A, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Tobias Marquardt
- Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18A, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Thomas Mondritzki
- Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18A, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany.,Fakultät für Gesundheit, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Johannes Nagelschmitz
- Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18A, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sylvia M Nikkho
- Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18A, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Philippe V Pires
- The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Hanna Tinel
- Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18A, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Gerrit Weimann
- Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18A, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Frank Wunder
- Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18A, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Peter Sandner
- Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18A, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joachim Schuhmacher
- Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18A, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Johannes-Peter Stasch
- Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18A, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy, University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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19
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Tawa M, Okamura T. Factors influencing the soluble guanylate cyclase heme redox state in blood vessels. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 145:107023. [PMID: 35718342 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) plays an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis, as an acceptor for the biological messenger nitric oxide (NO). However, only reduced sGC (with a ferrous heme) can be activated by NO; oxidized (ferric heme) and apo (absent heme) sGC cannot. In addition, the proportions of reduced, oxidized, and apo sGC change under pathological conditions. Although diseased blood vessels often show decreased NO bioavailability in the vascular wall, a shift of sGC heme redox balance in favor of the oxidized/apo forms can also occur. Therefore, sGC is of growing interest as a drug target for various cardiovascular diseases. Notably, the balance between NO-sensitive reduced sGC and NO-insensitive oxidized/apo sGC in the body is regulated in a reversible manner by various biological molecules and proteins. Many studies have attempted to identify endogenous factors and determinants that influence this redox state. For example, various reactive nitrogen and oxygen species are capable of inducing the oxidation of sGC heme. Conversely, a heme reductase and some antioxidants reduce the ferric heme in sGC to the ferrous state. This review summarizes the factors and mechanisms identified by these studies that operate to regulate the sGC heme redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tawa
- Department of Pathological and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Tomio Okamura
- Emeritus Professor, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
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20
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Galley JC, Hahn SA, Miller MP, Durgin BG, Jackson EK, Stocker SD, Straub AC. Angiotensin II augments renal vascular smooth muscle soluble GC expression via an AT 1 receptor-forkhead box subclass O transcription factor signalling axis. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:2490-2504. [PMID: 33963547 PMCID: PMC8883839 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Reduced renal blood flow triggers activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) leading to renovascular hypertension. Renal vascular smooth muscle expression of the NO receptor, soluble GC (sGC), modulates the vasodilator response needed to control renal vascular tone and blood flow. Here, we tested if angiotensin II (Ang II) affects sGC expression via an AT1 receptor-forkhead box subclass O (FoxO) transcription factor dependent mechanism. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Using a murine two-kidney-one-clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertension model, we measured renal artery vasodilatory function and sGC expression. Additionally, we conducted cell culture studies using rat renal pre-glomerular smooth muscle cells (RPGSMCs) to test the in vitro mechanistic effects of Ang II treatment on sGC expression and downstream function. KEY RESULTS Contralateral, unclipped renal arteries in 2K1C mice showed increased NO-dependent vasorelaxation compared to sham control mice. Immunofluorescence studies revealed increased sGC protein expression in 2K1C contralateral renal arteries over sham controls. RPGSMCs treated with Ang II caused a significant up-regulation of sGC mRNA and protein expression as well as downstream sGC-dependent signalling. Ang II signalling effects on sGC expression occurred through an AT1 receptor and FoxO transcription factor-dependent mechanism at both the mRNA and protein expression levels. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Renal artery smooth muscle, in vivo and in vitro, up-regulates expression of sGC following RAAS activity. In both cases, up-regulation of sGC leads to increased downstream cGMP signalling, suggesting a previously unrecognized protective mechanism to improve renal blood flow in the uninjured contralateral renal artery. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on cGMP Signalling in Cell Growth and Survival. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Galley
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott A. Hahn
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Megan P. Miller
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brittany G. Durgin
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Edwin K. Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sean D. Stocker
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam C. Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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21
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Xia J, Hui N, Tian L, Liang C, Zhang J, Liu J, Wang J, Ren X, Xie X, Wang K. Development of vericiguat: The first soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator launched for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112894. [PMID: 35367763 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with improvements in treatments for heart failure (HF), the survival period of patients has been extended. However, the emergence of some patients with repeated hospitalizations due to their worsening conditions and low survival rates followed. Currently, few drugs are available for such patients. Vericiguat was first drug approved for the treatment of symptomatic patients with chronic HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) to reduce the occurrence of worsening HF. This article provides comprehensive information about vericiguat in terms of drug design and development, structure-activity relationship (SAR), synthesis, pharmacological efficacy, and clinical practice. In addition, insights into the current vericiguat trials and treatments of HF are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xia
- Laboratory of Hematologic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, PR China.
| | - Nan Hui
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Lei Tian
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Chengyuan Liang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Jifang Liu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese and Tibetan Medicine of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Provincial Drug Inspection and Testing Institute, Xining 810000, PR China.
| | - Xiaodong Ren
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Shaanxi Panlong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. Xi'an, 710025, PR China.
| | - Kun Wang
- Children's Center, the Affiliated Taian City Centeral Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, PR China.
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22
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Signaling cascades in the failing heart and emerging therapeutic strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:134. [PMID: 35461308 PMCID: PMC9035186 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is the end stage of cardiac diseases. With a high prevalence and a high mortality rate worldwide, chronic heart failure is one of the heaviest health-related burdens. In addition to the standard neurohormonal blockade therapy, several medications have been developed for chronic heart failure treatment, but the population-wide improvement in chronic heart failure prognosis over time has been modest, and novel therapies are still needed. Mechanistic discovery and technical innovation are powerful driving forces for therapeutic development. On the one hand, the past decades have witnessed great progress in understanding the mechanism of chronic heart failure. It is now known that chronic heart failure is not only a matter involving cardiomyocytes. Instead, chronic heart failure involves numerous signaling pathways in noncardiomyocytes, including fibroblasts, immune cells, vascular cells, and lymphatic endothelial cells, and crosstalk among these cells. The complex regulatory network includes protein-protein, protein-RNA, and RNA-RNA interactions. These achievements in mechanistic studies provide novel insights for future therapeutic targets. On the other hand, with the development of modern biological techniques, targeting a protein pharmacologically is no longer the sole option for treating chronic heart failure. Gene therapy can directly manipulate the expression level of genes; gene editing techniques provide hope for curing hereditary cardiomyopathy; cell therapy aims to replace dysfunctional cardiomyocytes; and xenotransplantation may solve the problem of donor heart shortages. In this paper, we reviewed these two aspects in the field of failing heart signaling cascades and emerging therapeutic strategies based on modern biological techniques.
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23
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Lu W, Yang X, Wang B. Carbon monoxide signaling and soluble guanylyl cyclase: Facts, myths, and intriguing possibilities. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 200:115041. [PMID: 35447132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous signaling roles of carbon monoxide (CO) have been firmly established at the pathway level. For CO's molecular mechanism(s) of actions, hemoproteins are generally considered as possible targets. Importantly, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is among the most widely referenced molecular targets. However, the affinity of CO for sGC (Kd: 240 μM) is much lower than for other highly abundant hemoproteins in the body, such as myoglobin (Kd: 29 nM) and hemoglobin (Kd: 0.7 nM-4.5 μM), which serve as CO reservoirs. Further, most of the mechanistic studies involving sGC activation by CO were based on in-vitro or ex-vivo studies using CO concentrations not readily attenable in vivo and in the absence of hemoglobin as a competitor in binding. As such, whether such in-vitro/ex-vivo results can be directly extrapolated to in-vivo studies is not clear because of the need for CO to be transferred from a high-affinity binder (e.g., hemoglobin) to a low-affinity target if sGC is to be activated in vivo. In this review, we discuss literature findings of sGC activation by CO and the experimental conditions; examine the myths in the disconnect between the low affinity of sGC for CO and the reported activation of sGC by CO; and finally present several possibilities that may lead to additional studies to improve our understanding of this direct CO-sGC axis, which is yet to be convincingly established as playing generally critical roles in CO signaling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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24
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Nakagawa K, Kobayashi F, Kamei Y, Tawa M, Ohkita M. Acute Kynurenine Exposure of Rat Thoracic Aorta Induces Vascular Dysfunction <i>via</i> Superoxide Anion Production. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:522-527. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nakagawa
- Department of Pathological and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Fumika Kobayashi
- Department of Pathological and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yoshiki Kamei
- Department of Pathological and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Masashi Tawa
- Department of Pathological and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Mamoru Ohkita
- Department of Pathological and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
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25
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Kamkin AG, Kamkina OV, Shim AL, Bilichenko A, Mitrokhin VM, Kazansky VE, Filatova TS, Abramochkin D, Mladenov MI. The role of activation of two different sGC binding sites by NO-dependent and NO-independent mechanisms in the regulation of SACs in rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15246. [PMID: 35384354 PMCID: PMC8981922 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanoelectrical feedback (MEF) mechanism in the heart that plays a significant role in the occurrence of arrhythmias, involves cation flux through cation nonselective stretch-activated channels (SACs). It is well known that nitric oxide (NO) can act as a regulator of MEF. Here we addressed the possibility of SAC's regulation along NO-dependent and NO-independent pathways, as well as the possibility of S-nitrosylation of SACs. In freshly isolated rat ventricular cardiomyocytes, using the patch-clamp method in whole-cell configuration, inward nonselective stretch-activated cation current ISAC was recorded through SACs, which occurs during dosed cell stretching. NO donor SNAP, α1-subunit of sGC activator BAY41-2272, sGC blocker ODQ, PKG blocker KT5823, PKG activator 8Br-cGMP, and S-nitrosylation blocker ascorbic acid, were employed. We concluded that the physiological concentration of NO in the cell is a necessary condition for the functioning of SACs. An increase in NO due to SNAP in an unstretched cell causes the appearance of a Gd3+ -sensitive nonselective cation current, an analog of ISAC , while in a stretched cell it eliminates ISAC . The NO-independent pathway of sGC activation of α subunit, triggered by BAY41-2272, is also important for the regulation of SACs. Since S-nitrosylation inhibitor completely abolishes ISAC , this mechanism occurs. The application of BAY41-2272 cannot induce ISAC in a nonstretched cell; however, the addition of SNAP on its background activates SACs, rather due to S-nitrosylation. ODQ eliminates ISAC , but SNAP added on the background of stretch increases ISAC in addition to ODQ. This may be a result of the lack of NO as a result of inhibition of NOS by metabolically modified ODQ. KT5823 reduces PKG activity and reduces SACs phosphorylation, leading to an increase in ISAC . 8Br-cGMP reduces ISAC by activating PKG and its phosphorylation. These results demonstrate a significant contribution of S-nitrosylation to the regulation of SACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre G. Kamkin
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Olga V. Kamkina
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Andrey L. Shim
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Andrey Bilichenko
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Vadim M. Mitrokhin
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Viktor E. Kazansky
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Tatiana S. Filatova
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
- Department of Human and Animal PhysiologyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Denis V. Abramochkin
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
- Department of Human and Animal PhysiologyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Mitko I. Mladenov
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and MathematicsInstitute of Biology, “Ss. Cyril and Methodius” UniversitySkopjeMacedonia
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26
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Kv7 Channels in Cyclic-Nucleotide Dependent Relaxation of Rat Intra-Pulmonary Artery. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030429. [PMID: 35327621 PMCID: PMC8946781 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is treated with drugs that stimulate cGMP or cAMP signalling. Both nucleotides can activate Kv7 channels, leading to smooth muscle hyperpolarisation, reduced Ca2+ influx and relaxation. Kv7 activation by cGMP contributes to the pulmonary vasodilator action of nitric oxide, but its contribution when dilation is evoked by the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) sensitive guanylate cyclase, or cAMP, is unknown. Small vessel myography was used to investigate the ability of Kv7 channel blockers to interfere with pulmonary artery relaxation when cyclic nucleotide pathways were stimulated in different ways. The pan-Kv7 blockers, linopirdine and XE991, caused substantial inhibition of relaxation evoked by NO donors and ANP, as well as endothelium-dependent dilators, the guanylate cyclase stimulator, riociguat, and the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, sildenafil. Maximum relaxation was reduced without a change in sensitivity. The blockers had relatively little effect on cAMP-mediated relaxation evoked by forskolin, isoprenaline or treprostinil. The Kv7.1-selective blocker, HMR1556, had no effect on cGMP or cAMP-dependent relaxation. Western blot analysis demonstrated the presence of Kv7.1 and Kv7.4 proteins, while selective activators of Kv7.1 and Kv7.4 homomeric channels, but not Kv7.5, caused pulmonary artery relaxation. It is concluded that Kv7.4 channels contribute to endothelium-dependent dilation and the effects of drugs that act by stimulating cGMP, but not cAMP, signalling.
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Panchal A, Panchal J, Jain S, Dwivedi J. A literature review on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). CURRENT RESPIRATORY MEDICINE REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573398x18666220217151152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
PAH was first of all reported from German Doctor E. Romberg in 1891, It's usually found throughout the globe, but it is a burden in India and other developing countries. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by a rise in pulmonary arterial pressure and the development of progressive symptoms like reduction in functional ability, shortness of breath and fatigue. The pulmonary arteries move blood from the right side of the heart over the lungs.
Introduction:
Increase pressure in pulmonary arteries known as pulmonary arterial pressure (PAH). The treatment of is require because without it, the right heart to work much harder due to high blood pressure in the lungs, and over time it became reason of heart failure. In this article, we have tried to provide brief information about the prevalence, pathology, classification and different therapies of PAH. Combining medicines from different categories is currently given as quality care and has been revealed to boost outcomes. A small part of the new treatment options has been included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jigar Panchal
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith Banasthali-304022,
India
| | - Sonika Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith Banasthali-304022,
India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith Banasthali-304022,
India
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Newer Drugs to Reduce High Blood Pressure and Mitigate Hypertensive Target Organ Damage. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022; 24:1-20. [PMID: 35165832 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to investigate the blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects of emerging drugs developed to treat diabetic kidney disease and heart failure (HF). We summarize the potential pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for mitigating hypertensive target organ damage and evaluating the available clinical data on these newer drugs. RECENT FINDINGS Nonsteroidal dihydropyridine-based mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), dual angiotensin II receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (valsartan with sacubitril), sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), and soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators are new classes of chemical agents that have distinct mechanisms of action and have been shown to be effective for the treatment of cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD), HF, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). These drugs can be used either alone or in combination with other antihypertensive and CV drugs. Among these, SGLT2i and valsartan with sacubitril offer new avenues to reduce CVD mortality. SGLT2i have a mild-to-moderate effect on BP lowering with a favorable effect on CV and renal hemodynamics and have been shown to produce a significant reduction in the incidence of major adverse CVD events (as monotherapy or add-on therapy) compared with controls (placebo or non-SGLT2i treatment). Most of the participants in these studies had hypertension (HTN) at baseline and were receiving antihypertensive therapy, including renin-angiotensin system blockers. The combination of valsartan with sacubitril also lowers BP in the short term and has demonstrated a striking reduction in CVD mortality and morbidity in HF patients with a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. If widely adopted, these novel therapeutic agents hold significant promise for reducing the public health burden posed by HTN and CVD. Based on the results of several clinical trials and considering the high prevalence of HTN and T2D, these new classes of agents have emerged as powerful therapeutic tools in managing and lowering the BP of patients with diabetic kidney disease and HF.
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29
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Chirkov YY, Nguyen TH, Horowitz JD. Impairment of Anti-Aggregatory Responses to Nitric Oxide and Prostacyclin: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031042. [PMID: 35162966 PMCID: PMC8835624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The propensity towards platelet-rich thrombus formation increases substantially during normal ageing, and this trend is mediated by decreases in platelet responsiveness to the anti-aggregatory nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2) pathways. The impairment of soluble guanylate cyclase and adenylate cyclase-based signalling that is associated with oxidative stress represents the major mechanism of this loss of anti-aggregatory reactivity. Platelet desensitization to these autacoids represents an adverse prognostic marker in patients with ischemic heart disease and may contribute to increased thrombo-embolic risk in patients with heart failure. Patients with platelet resistance to PGI2 also are unresponsive to ADP receptor antagonist therapy. Apart from ischemia, diabetes and aortic valve disease are also associated with impaired anti-aggregatory homeostasis. This review examines the association of impaired platelet cyclic nucleotide (i.e., cGMP and cAMP) signalling with the emerging evidence of thromboembolic risk in cardiovascular diseases, and discusses the potential therapeutic strategies targeting this abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John D. Horowitz
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61(08)-8222-7635; Fax: +61(08)-8222-6422
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30
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Weatherald J, Thakrar MV, Varughese RA, Kularatne M, Liu J, Harper L, Kiamanesh O, Fine N, Orlikow E, Nwaroh C, Thornton C, Swiston J, Lee L, Brunner NW, Helmersen D, Hirani N. Upfront riociguat and ambrisentan combination therapy for newly diagnosed pulmonary arterial hypertension: a prospective open-label trial. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022; 41:563-567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Tettey A, Jiang Y, Li X, Li Y. Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Glance on Nitric Oxide Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:767002. [PMID: 34867394 PMCID: PMC8633825 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.767002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe disease with a resultant increase of the mean pulmonary arterial pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy and eventual death. Research in recent years has produced various therapeutic options for its clinical management but the high mortality even under treatment remains a big challenge attributed to the complex pathophysiology. Studies from clinical and non-clinical experiments have revealed that the nitric oxide (NO) pathway is one of the key pathways underlying the pathophysiology of PAH. Many of the essential drugs used in the management of PAH act on this pathway highlighting its significant role in PAH. Meanwhile, several novel compounds targeting on NO pathway exhibits great potential to become future therapy medications. Furthermore, the NO pathway is found to interact with other crucial pathways. Understanding such interactions could be helpful in the discovery of new drug that provide better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Tettey
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha, China
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Gallo G, Rubattu S, Volpe M. Targeting Cyclic Guanylate Monophosphate in Resistant Hypertension and Heart Failure: Are Sacubitril/Valsartan and Vericiguat Synergistic and Effective in Both Conditions? High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2021; 28:541-545. [PMID: 34750764 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-021-00489-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Gallo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy.
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Dent MR, DeMartino AW, Tejero J, Gladwin MT. Endogenous Hemoprotein-Dependent Signaling Pathways of Nitric Oxide and Nitrite. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15918-15940. [PMID: 34313417 PMCID: PMC9167621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interdisciplinary research at the interface of chemistry, physiology, and biomedicine have uncovered pivotal roles of nitric oxide (NO) as a signaling molecule that regulates vascular tone, platelet aggregation, and other pathways relevant to human health and disease. Heme is central to physiological NO signaling, serving as the active site for canonical NO biosynthesis in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes and as the highly selective NO binding site in the soluble guanylyl cyclase receptor. Outside of the primary NOS-dependent biosynthetic pathway, other hemoproteins, including hemoglobin and myoglobin, generate NO via the reduction of nitrite. This auxiliary hemoprotein reaction unlocks a "second axis" of NO signaling in which nitrite serves as a stable NO reservoir. In this Forum Article, we highlight these NO-dependent physiological pathways and examine complex chemical and biochemical reactions that govern NO and nitrite signaling in vivo. We focus on hemoprotein-dependent reaction pathways that generate and consume NO in the presence of nitrite and consider intermediate nitrogen oxides, including NO2, N2O3, and S-nitrosothiols, that may facilitate nitrite-based signaling in blood vessels and tissues. We also discuss emergent therapeutic strategies that leverage our understanding of these key reaction pathways to target NO signaling and treat a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Dent
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Anthony W DeMartino
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Jesús Tejero
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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Sandner P, Follmann M, Becker-Pelster E, Hahn MG, Meier C, Freitas C, Roessig L, Stasch JP. Soluble GC stimulators and activators: Past, present and future. Br J Pharmacol 2021. [PMID: 34600441 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of soluble GC (sGC) stimulators and sGC activators provided valuable tools to elucidate NO-sGC signalling and opened novel pharmacological opportunities for cardiovascular indications and beyond. The first-in-class sGC stimulator riociguat was approved for pulmonary hypertension in 2013 and vericiguat very recently for heart failure. sGC stimulators enhance sGC activity independent of NO and also act synergistically with endogenous NO. The sGC activators specifically bind to, and activate, the oxidised haem-free form of sGC. Substantial research efforts improved on the first-generation sGC activators such as cinaciguat, culminating in the discovery of runcaciguat, currently in clinical Phase II trials for chronic kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy. Here, we highlight the discovery and development of sGC stimulators and sGC activators, their unique modes of action, their preclinical characteristics and the clinical studies. In the future, we expect to see more sGC agonists in new indications, reflecting their unique therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sandner
- Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Markus Follmann
- Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - Michael G Hahn
- Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Christian Meier
- Pharmaceuticals Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cecilia Freitas
- Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Lothar Roessig
- Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Johannes-Peter Stasch
- Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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35
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Gonzaga de França Lopes L, Gouveia Júnior FS, Karine Medeiros Holanda A, Maria Moreira de Carvalho I, Longhinotti E, Paulo TF, Abreu DS, Bernhardt PV, Gilles-Gonzalez MA, Cirino Nogueira Diógenes I, Henrique Silva Sousa E. Bioinorganic systems responsive to the diatomic gases O2, NO, and CO: From biological sensors to therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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36
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Liu R, Kang Y, Chen L. Activation mechanism of human soluble guanylate cyclase by stimulators and activators. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5492. [PMID: 34535643 PMCID: PMC8448884 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is the receptor for nitric oxide (NO) in human. It is an important validated drug target for cardiovascular diseases. sGC can be pharmacologically activated by stimulators and activators. However, the detailed structural mechanisms, through which sGC is recognized and positively modulated by these drugs at high spacial resolution, are poorly understood. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of human sGC in complex with NO and sGC stimulators, YC-1 and riociguat, and also in complex with the activator cinaciguat. These structures uncover the molecular details of how stimulators interact with residues from both β H-NOX and CC domains, to stabilize sGC in the extended active conformation. In contrast, cinaciguat occupies the haem pocket in the β H-NOX domain and sGC shows both inactive and active conformations. These structures suggest a converged mechanism of sGC activation by pharmacological compounds. Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is a validated drug target for cardiovascular diseases. Here, the authors report structures of human sGC in complex with NO and sGC stimulators or activator, providing insight into the mechanism of sGC activation by pharmacological compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China. .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China. .,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
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Assessing the Use of the sGC Stimulator BAY-747, as a Potential Treatment for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158016. [PMID: 34360780 PMCID: PMC8347633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe and progressive muscle wasting disorder, affecting one in 3500 to 5000 boys worldwide. The NO-sGC-cGMP pathway plays an important role in skeletal muscle function, primarily by improving blood flow and oxygen supply to the muscles during exercise. In fact, PDE5 inhibitors have previously been investigated as a potential therapy for DMD, however, a large-scale Phase III clinical trial did not meet its primary endpoint. Since the efficacy of PDE5i is dependent on sufficient endogenous NO production, which might be impaired in DMD, we investigated if NO-independent sGC stimulators, could have therapeutic benefits in a mouse model of DMD. Male mdx/mTRG2 mice aged six weeks were given food supplemented with the sGC stimulator, BAY-747 (150 mg/kg of food) or food alone (untreated) ad libitum for 16 weeks. Untreated C57BL6/J mice were used as wild type (WT) controls. Assessments of the four-limb hang, grip strength, running wheel and serum creatine kinase (CK) levels showed that mdx/mTRG2 mice had significantly reduced skeletal muscle function and severe muscle damage compared to WT mice. Treatment with BAY-747 improved grip strength and running speed, and these mice also had reduced CK levels compared to untreated mdx/mTRG2 mice. We also observed increased inflammation and fibrosis in the skeletal muscle of mdx/mTRG2 mice compared to WT. While gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and some pro-fibrotic markers in the skeletal muscle was reduced following BAY-747 treatment, there was no reduction in infiltration of myeloid immune cells nor collagen deposition. In conclusion, treatment with BAY-747 significantly improves several functional and pathological parameters of the skeletal muscle in mdx/mTRG2 mice. However, the effect size was moderate and therefore, more studies are needed to fully understand the potential treatment benefit of sGC stimulators in DMD.
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Kocic G, Gajic M, Tomovic K, Hadzi-Djokic J, Anderluh M, Smelcerovic A. Purine adducts as a presumable missing link for aristolochic acid nephropathy-related cellular energy crisis, potential anti-fibrotic prevention and treatment. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4411-4427. [PMID: 34235731 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acid nephropathy is a progressive exposome-induced disease characterized by tubular atrophy and fibrosis culminating in end-stage renal disease and malignancies. The molecular mechanisms of the energy crisis as a putative cause of fibrosis have not yet been elucidated. In light of the fact that aristolochic acid forms DNA and RNA adducts by covalent binding of aristolochic acid metabolites to exocyclic amino groups of (deoxy)adenosine and (deoxy)guanosine, we hypothesize here that similar aristolochic acid adducts may exist with other purine-containing molecules. We also provide new insights into the aristolochic acid-induced energy crisis and presumably a link between already known mechanisms. In addition, an overview of potential targets in fibrosis treatment is provided, which is followed by recommendations on possible preventive measures that could be taken to at least postpone or partially alleviate aristolochic acid nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Kocic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Mihajlo Gajic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Katarina Tomovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | | | - Marko Anderluh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrija Smelcerovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
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39
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Hofmann F. The cGMP system: components and function. Biol Chem 2021; 401:447-469. [PMID: 31747372 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling system is one of the most prominent regulators of a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes in many mammalian and non-mammalian tissues. Targeting this pathway by increasing cGMP levels has been a very successful approach in pharmacology as shown for nitrates, phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors and stimulators of nitric oxide-guanylyl cyclase (NO-GC) and particulate GC (pGC). This is an introductory review to the cGMP signaling system intended to introduce those readers to this system, who do not work in this area. This article does not intend an in-depth review of this system. Signal transduction by cGMP is controlled by the generating enzymes GCs, the degrading enzymes PDEs and the cGMP-regulated enzymes cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels, cGMP-dependent protein kinases and cGMP-regulated PDEs. Part A gives a very concise introduction to the components. Part B gives a very concise introduction to the functions modulated by cGMP. The article cites many recent reviews for those who want a deeper insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Hofmann
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Str. 29, D-80802 München, Germany
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40
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Marino F, Scalise M, Cianflone E, Salerno L, Cappetta D, Salerno N, De Angelis A, Torella D, Urbanek K. Physical Exercise and Cardiac Repair: The Potential Role of Nitric Oxide in Boosting Stem Cell Regenerative Biology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1002. [PMID: 34201562 PMCID: PMC8300666 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years strong evidence has been accumulated showing that aerobic physical exercise exerts beneficial effects on the prevention and reduction of cardiovascular risk. Exercise in healthy subjects fosters physiological remodeling of the adult heart. Concurrently, physical training can significantly slow-down or even reverse the maladaptive pathologic cardiac remodeling in cardiac diseases, improving heart function. The underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of the beneficial effects of physical exercise on the heart are still a subject of intensive study. Aerobic activity increases cardiovascular nitric oxide (NO) released mainly through nitric oxidase synthase 3 activity, promoting endothelium-dependent vasodilation, reducing vascular resistance, and lowering blood pressure. On the reverse, an imbalance between increasing free radical production and decreased NO generation characterizes pathologic remodeling, which has been termed the "nitroso-redox imbalance". Besides these classical evidence on the role of NO in cardiac physiology and pathology, accumulating data show that NO regulate different aspects of stem cell biology, including survival, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and secretion of pro-regenerative factors. Concurrently, it has been shown that physical exercise generates physiological remodeling while antagonizes pathologic remodeling also by fostering cardiac regeneration, including new cardiomyocyte formation. This review is therefore focused on the possible link between physical exercise, NO, and stem cell biology in the cardiac regenerative/reparative response to physiological or pathological load. Cellular and molecular mechanisms that generate an exercise-induced cardioprotective phenotype are discussed in regards with myocardial repair and regeneration. Aerobic training can benefit cells implicated in cardiovascular homeostasis and response to damage by NO-mediated pathways that protect stem cells in the hostile environment, enhance their activation and differentiation and, in turn, translate to more efficient myocardial tissue regeneration. Moreover, stem cell preconditioning by and/or local potentiation of NO signaling can be envisioned as promising approaches to improve the post-transplantation stem cell survival and the efficacy of cardiac stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Marino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.M.); (M.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Mariangela Scalise
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.M.); (M.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Eleonora Cianflone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.C.); (N.S.)
| | - Luca Salerno
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.M.); (M.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Donato Cappetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (A.D.A.)
| | - Nadia Salerno
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.C.); (N.S.)
| | - Antonella De Angelis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (A.D.A.)
| | - Daniele Torella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.M.); (M.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Konrad Urbanek
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.M.); (M.S.); (L.S.)
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Wittenborn EC, Marletta MA. Structural Perspectives on the Mechanism of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115439. [PMID: 34064029 PMCID: PMC8196705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is the prototypical nitric oxide (NO) receptor in humans and other higher eukaryotes and is responsible for transducing the initial NO signal to the secondary messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Generation of cGMP in turn leads to diverse physiological effects in the cardiopulmonary, vascular, and neurological systems. Given these important downstream effects, sGC has been biochemically characterized in great detail in the four decades since its discovery. Structures of full-length sGC, however, have proven elusive until very recently. In 2019, advances in single particle cryo–electron microscopy (cryo-EM) enabled visualization of full-length sGC for the first time. This review will summarize insights revealed by the structures of sGC in the unactivated and activated states and discuss their implications in the mechanism of sGC activation.
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Doghri Y, Dubreil L, Lalanne V, Hélissen O, Fleurisson R, Thorin C, Desfontis JC, Mallem MY. Soluble guanylate cyclase chronic stimulation effects on cardiovascular reactivity in cafeteria diet-induced rat model of metabolic syndrome. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 899:173978. [PMID: 33691164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular complications by a mechanism involving mainly decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and impaired NO-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)- cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signalling (NO-sGC-cGMP). To further develop this scientific point, this study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term treatment with BAY 41-2272 (a sGC stimulator) on cardiovascular reactivity of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as a model of metabolic syndrome. SHR were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, cafeteria diet (CD)-fed group and CD-fed group treated daily with BAY 41-2272 (5 mg/kg) by gastric gavage for 12 weeks. In vivo measurements of body weight, abdominal circumference, blood pressure and glucose tolerance test were performed. At the end of the feeding period, ex vivo cumulative concentration-response curves were performed on isolated perfused heart (isoproterenol (0.1 nM - 1 μM)) and thoracic aorta (phenylephrine (1 nM-10 μM), acetylcholine (1 nM-10 μM), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (0.1 nM-0.1 μM)). We showed that chronic CD feeding induced abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, glucose intolerance and exacerbated arterial hypertension in SHR. Compared to control group, CD-fed group showed a decrease in β-adrenoceptor-induced cardiac inotropy, in coronary perfusion pressure and in aortic contraction to phenylephrine. While relaxing effects of acetylcholine and SNP were unchanged. BAY 41-2272 long-term treatment markedly prevented arterial hypertension development and glucose intolerance, enhanced the α1-adrenoceptor-induced vasoconstriction, and restored cardiac inotropy and coronary vasodilation. These findings suggest that BAY 41-2272 may be a potential novel drug for preventing metabolic and cardiovascular complications of metabolic syndrome.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/enzymology
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/enzymology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control
- Coronary Circulation/drug effects
- Cyclic GMP/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Activation
- Enzyme Activators/pharmacology
- Glucose Intolerance/enzymology
- Glucose Intolerance/etiology
- Glucose Intolerance/physiopathology
- Glucose Intolerance/prevention & control
- Hypertension/enzymology
- Hypertension/etiology
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Hypertension/prevention & control
- Hypertriglyceridemia/enzymology
- Hypertriglyceridemia/etiology
- Hypertriglyceridemia/physiopathology
- Hypertriglyceridemia/prevention & control
- Isolated Heart Preparation
- Male
- Metabolic Syndrome/enzymology
- Metabolic Syndrome/etiology
- Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology
- Metabolic Syndrome/prevention & control
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism
- Obesity, Abdominal/enzymology
- Obesity, Abdominal/etiology
- Obesity, Abdominal/physiopathology
- Obesity, Abdominal/prevention & control
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase/metabolism
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Pressure/drug effects
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Doghri
- UPSP NP3 (2017.B146), Nutrition, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Oniris, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine Food Sciences and Engineering, 44307, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Laurence Dubreil
- UMR PAnTher 703 INRA/Oniris Animal Pathophysiology and Bio Therapy for Muscle and Nervous System Diseases, Oniris, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine Food Sciences and Engineering, 44307, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Valérie Lalanne
- UPSP NP3 (2017.B146), Nutrition, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Oniris, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine Food Sciences and Engineering, 44307, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Ophélie Hélissen
- UPSP NP3 (2017.B146), Nutrition, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Oniris, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine Food Sciences and Engineering, 44307, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Romain Fleurisson
- UMR PAnTher 703 INRA/Oniris Animal Pathophysiology and Bio Therapy for Muscle and Nervous System Diseases, Oniris, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine Food Sciences and Engineering, 44307, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Chantal Thorin
- UPSP NP3 (2017.B146), Nutrition, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Oniris, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine Food Sciences and Engineering, 44307, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Jean-Claude Desfontis
- UPSP NP3 (2017.B146), Nutrition, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Oniris, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine Food Sciences and Engineering, 44307, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - M Yassine Mallem
- UPSP NP3 (2017.B146), Nutrition, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Oniris, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine Food Sciences and Engineering, 44307, Nantes Cedex 03, France.
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43
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Marulanda K, Tsihlis ND, McLean SE, Kibbe MR. Emerging antenatal therapies for congenital diaphragmatic hernia-induced pulmonary hypertension in preclinical models. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1641-1649. [PMID: 33038872 PMCID: PMC8035353 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)-related deaths are the largest contributor to in-hospital neonatal deaths in children with congenital malformations. Morbidity and mortality in CDH are directly related to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Current treatment consists of supportive measures. To date, no pharmacotherapy has been shown to effectively reverse the hallmark finding of pulmonary vascular remodeling that is associated with pulmonary hypertension in CDH (CDH-PH). As such, there is a great need for novel therapies to effectively manage CDH-PH. Our review aims to evaluate emerging therapies, and specifically focuses on those that are still under investigation and not approved for clinical use by the Food and Drug Administration. Therapies were categorized into antenatal pharmacotherapies or antenatal regenerative therapies and assessed on their method of administration, safety profile, the effect on pulmonary vascular pathophysiology, and overall efficacy. In general, emerging antenatal pharmaceutical and regenerative treatments primarily aim to alleviate pulmonary vascular remodeling by restoring normal function and levels of key regulatory factors involved in pulmonary vascular development and/or in promoting angiogenesis. Overall, while these emerging therapies show great promise for the management of CDH-PH, most require further assessment of safety and efficacy in preclinical models before translation into the clinical setting. IMPACT: Emerging antenatal therapies for congenital diaphragmatic hernia-induced pulmonary hypertension (CDH-PH) show promise to effectively mitigate vascular remodeling in preclinical models. Further investigation is needed in preclinical and human studies to evaluate safety and efficacy prior to translation into the clinical arena. This review offers a comprehensive and up-to-date summary of emerging therapies currently under investigation in experimental animal models. There is no cure for CDH-PH. This review explores emerging therapeutic options for the treatment of CDH-PH and evaluates their impact on key molecular pathways and clinical markers of disease to determine efficacy in the preclinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Marulanda
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nick D Tsihlis
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sean E McLean
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Melina R Kibbe
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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44
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Sandner P, Zimmer DP, Milne GT, Follmann M, Hobbs A, Stasch JP. Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulators and Activators. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 264:355-394. [PMID: 30689085 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
When Furchgott, Murad, and Ignarro were honored with the Nobel prize for the identification of nitric oxide (NO) in 1998, the therapeutic implications of this discovery could not be fully anticipated. This was due to the fact that available therapeutics like NO donors did not allow a constant and long-lasting cyclic guanylyl monophosphate (cGMP) stimulation and had a narrow therapeutic window. Now, 20 years later, the stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), riociguat, is on the market and is the only drug approved for the treatment of two forms of pulmonary hypertension (PAH/CTEPH), and a variety of other sGC stimulators and sGC activators are in preclinical and clinical development for additional indications. The discovery of sGC stimulators and sGC activators is a milestone in the field of NO/sGC/cGMP pharmacology. The sGC stimulators and sGC activators bind directly to reduced, heme-containing and oxidized, heme-free sGC, respectively, which results in an increase in cGMP production. The action of sGC stimulators at the heme-containing enzyme is independent of NO but is enhanced in the presence of NO whereas the sGC activators interact with the heme-free form of sGC. These highly innovative pharmacological principles of sGC stimulation and activation seem to have a very broad therapeutic potential. Therefore, in both academia and industry, intensive research and development efforts have been undertaken to fully exploit the therapeutic benefit of these new compound classes. Here we summarize the discovery of sGC stimulators and sGC activators and the current developments in both compound classes, including the mode of action, the chemical structures, and the genesis of the terminology and nomenclature. In addition, preclinical studies exploring multiple aspects of their in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo pharmacology are reviewed, providing an overview of multiple potential applications. Finally, the clinical developments, investigating the treatment potential of these compounds in various diseases like heart failure, diabetic kidney disease, fibrotic diseases, and hypertension, are reported. In summary, sGC stimulators and sGC activators have a unique mode of action with a broad treatment potential in cardiovascular diseases and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sandner
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, Wuppertal, Germany. .,Department of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | | | | | - Markus Follmann
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Adrian Hobbs
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry QMUL, London, UK
| | - Johannes-Peter Stasch
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, Wuppertal, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy, University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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45
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Friebe A, Englert N. NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase in the lung. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 179:2328-2343. [PMID: 33332689 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the late 1960s, several labatories identified guanylyl cyclase (GC) as the cGMP-producing enzyme. Subsequently, two different types of GC were described that differed in their cellular localization. Primarily found in the cytosol, nitric oxide (NO)-sensitive guanylyl cyclase (NO-GC) acts as receptor for the signalling molecule NO, in contrast the membrane-bound isoenzyme is activated by natriuretic peptides. The lung compared with other tissues exhibits the highest expression of NO-GC. The enzyme has been purified from lung for biochemical analysis. Although expressed in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and in pericytes, the function of NO-GC in lung, especially in pericytes, is still not fully elucidated. However, pharmacological compounds that target NO-GC are available and have been implemented for the therapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension. In addition, NO-GC has been suggested as drug target for the therapy of asthma, acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Friebe
- Physiological Institute, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nils Englert
- Physiological Institute, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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46
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Zheng W, Wang Z, Jiang X, Zhao Q, Shen J. Targeted Drugs for Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15153-15186. [PMID: 33314936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease that can lead to right ventricular failure and premature death. Although approved drugs have been shown to be safe and effective, PAH remains a severe clinical condition, and the long-term survival of patients with PAH is still suboptimal. Thus, potential therapeutic targets and new agents to treat PAH are urgently needed. In recent years, a variety of related pathways and potential therapeutic targets have been found, which brings new hope for PAH therapy. In this perspective, not only are the marketed drugs used to treat PAH summarized but also the recently developed novel pharmaceutical therapies currently in clinical trials are discussed. Furthermore, the advances in natural products as potential treatment for PAH are also updated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiangrui Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qingjie Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jingshan Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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47
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Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a common consequence of several cardiovascular diseases and is understood as a vicious cycle of cardiac and hemodynamic decline. The current inventory of treatments either alleviates the pathophysiological features (eg, cardiac dysfunction, neurohumoral activation, and ventricular remodeling) and/or targets any underlying pathologies (eg, hypertension and myocardial infarction). Yet, since these do not provide a cure, the morbidity and mortality associated with HF remains high. Therefore, the disease constitutes an unmet medical need, and novel therapies are desperately needed. Cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP), synthesized by nitric oxide (NO)- and natriuretic peptide (NP)-responsive guanylyl cyclase (GC) enzymes, exerts numerous protective effects on cardiac contractility, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis. Impaired cGMP signaling, which can occur after GC deactivation and the upregulation of cyclic nucleotide-hydrolyzing phosphodiesterases (PDEs), promotes cardiac dysfunction. In this study, we review the role that NO/cGMP and NP/cGMP signaling plays in HF. After considering disease etiology, the physiological effects of cGMP in the heart are discussed. We then assess the evidence from preclinical models and patients that compromised cGMP signaling contributes to the HF phenotype. Finally, the potential of pharmacologically harnessing cardioprotective cGMP to rectify the present paucity of effective HF treatments is examined.
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48
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A new paradigm for gaseous ligand selectivity of hemoproteins highlighted by soluble guanylate cyclase. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 214:111267. [PMID: 33099233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxygen (O2) are important physiological messengers whose concentrations vary in a remarkable range, [NO] typically from nM to several μM while [O2] reaching to hundreds of μM. One of the machineries evolved in living organisms for gas sensing is sensor hemoproteins whose conformational change upon gas binding triggers downstream response cascades. The recently proposed "sliding scale rule" hypothesis provides a general interpretation for gaseous ligand selectivity of hemoproteins, identifying five factors that govern gaseous ligand selectivity. Hemoproteins have intrinsic selectivity for the three gases due to a neutral proximal histidine ligand while proximal strain of heme and distal steric hindrance indiscriminately adjust the affinity of these three gases for heme. On the other hand, multiple-step NO binding and distal hydrogen bond donor(s) specifically enhance affinity for NO and O2, respectively. The "sliding scale rule" hypothesis provides clear interpretation for dramatic selectivity for NO over O2 in soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) which is an important example of sensor hemoproteins and plays vital roles in a wide range of physiological functions. The "sliding scale rule" hypothesis has so far been validated by all experimental data and it may guide future designs for heme-based gas sensors.
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49
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Chatterjee A, Murmu C, Peruncheralathan S. Copper-catalysed N-arylation of 5-aminopyrazoles: a simple route to pyrazolo[3,4- b]indoles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6571-6581. [PMID: 32797128 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00812e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalysed intramolecular N-arylation of 5-aminopyrazoles is demonstrated for the first time. Highly substituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]indoles are synthesized. In particular, the indole core is decorated with halogens and alkyl and methoxy groups. Furthermore, a selective N-arylation of unsymmetrical diaryl bromide containing pyrazoles is exemplified, resulting in valuable pyrazolo[1,5-a]benzimidazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Chatterjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda - 752050, Odisha, India.
| | - Chudamani Murmu
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda - 752050, Odisha, India.
| | - S Peruncheralathan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda - 752050, Odisha, India.
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50
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Ataei Ataabadi E, Golshiri K, Jüttner A, Krenning G, Danser AHJ, Roks AJM. Nitric Oxide-cGMP Signaling in Hypertension: Current and Future Options for Pharmacotherapy. Hypertension 2020; 76:1055-1068. [PMID: 32829664 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For the treatment of systemic hypertension, pharmacological intervention in nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling is a well-explored but unexploited option. In this review, we present the identified drug targets, including oxidases, mitochondria, soluble guanylyl cyclase, phosphodiesterase 1 and 5, and protein kinase G, important compounds that modulate them, and the current status of (pre)clinical development. The mode of action of these compounds is discussed, and based upon this, the clinical opportunities. We conclude that drugs that directly target the enzymes of the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate cascade are currently the most promising compounds, but that none of these compounds is under investigation as a treatment option for systemic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ataei Ataabadi
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (E.A.A., K.G., A.J., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.)
| | - Keivan Golshiri
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (E.A.A., K.G., A.J., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.)
| | - Annika Jüttner
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (E.A.A., K.G., A.J., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.)
| | - Guido Krenning
- Sulfateq B.V., Groningen, the Netherlands (G.K.).,Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (G.K.)
| | - A H Jan Danser
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (E.A.A., K.G., A.J., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.)
| | - Anton J M Roks
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (E.A.A., K.G., A.J., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.)
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