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Singh V, Nandi S, Ghosh A, Adhikary S, Mukherjee S, Roy S, Das C. Epigenetic reprogramming of T cells: unlocking new avenues for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:175-195. [PMID: 38233727 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10167-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
T cells, a key component of cancer immunotherapy, undergo a variety of histone modifications and DNA methylation changes since their bone marrow progenitor stages before developing into CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. These T cell types can be categorized into distinct subtypes based on their functionality and properties, such as cytotoxic T cells (Tc), helper T cells (Th), and regulatory T cells (Treg) as subtypes for CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Among these, the CD4+ CD25+ Tregs potentially contribute to cancer development and progression by lowering T effector (Teff) cell activity under the influence of the tumor microenvironment (TME). This contributes to the development of therapeutic resistance in patients with cancer. Subsequently, these individuals become resistant to monoclonal antibody therapy as well as clinically established immunotherapies. In this review, we delineate the different epigenetic mechanisms in cancer immune response and its involvement in therapeutic resistance. Furthermore, the possibility of epi-immunotherapeutic methods based on histone deacetylase inhibitors and histone methyltransferase inhibitors are under investigation. In this review we highlight EZH2 as the principal driver of cancer cell immunoediting and an immune escape regulator. We have addressed in detail how understanding T cell epigenetic regulation might bring unique inventive strategies to overcome drug resistance and increase the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Singh
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Sandhik Nandi
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Aritra Ghosh
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Santanu Adhikary
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
- Structural Biology & Bio-Informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Shravanti Mukherjee
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Siddhartha Roy
- Structural Biology & Bio-Informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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2
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Rade M, Böhlen S, Neuhaus V, Löffler D, Blumert C, Merz M, Köhl U, Dehmel S, Sewald K, Reiche K. A time-resolved meta-analysis of consensus gene expression profiles during human T-cell activation. Genome Biol 2023; 24:287. [PMID: 38098113 PMCID: PMC10722659 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coordinated transcriptional regulation of activated T-cells is based on a complex dynamic behavior of signaling networks. Given an external stimulus, T-cell gene expression is characterized by impulse and sustained patterns over the course. Here, we analyze the temporal pattern of activation across different T-cell populations to develop consensus gene signatures for T-cell activation. RESULTS Here, we identify and verify general biomarker signatures robustly evaluating T-cell activation in a time-resolved manner. We identify time-resolved gene expression profiles comprising 521 genes of up to 10 disjunct time points during activation and different polarization conditions. The gene signatures include central transcriptional regulators of T-cell activation, representing successive waves as well as sustained patterns of induction. They cover sustained repressed, intermediate, and late response expression rates across multiple T-cell populations, thus defining consensus biomarker signatures for T-cell activation. In addition, intermediate and late response activation signatures in CAR T-cell infusion products are correlated to immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. CONCLUSION This study is the first to describe temporally resolved gene expression patterns across T-cell populations. These biomarker signatures are a valuable source, e.g., monitoring transcriptional changes during T-cell activation with a reasonable number of genes, annotating T-cell states in single-cell transcriptome studies, or assessing dysregulated functions of human T-cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rade
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstraße 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Böhlen
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology and In-Vitro Toxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, ITEM, Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vanessa Neuhaus
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology and In-Vitro Toxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, ITEM, Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dennis Löffler
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstraße 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Conny Blumert
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstraße 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maximilian Merz
- Department of Hematology, Cellular Therapy, Hemostaseology and Infectiology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Köhl
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstraße 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susann Dehmel
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology and In-Vitro Toxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, ITEM, Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katherina Sewald
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology and In-Vitro Toxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, ITEM, Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kristin Reiche
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstraße 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (ScaDS.AI), Dresden, Leipzig, Germany
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Villaseñor-Altamirano AB, Jain D, Jeong Y, Menon JA, Kamiya M, Haider H, Manandhar R, Sheikh MDA, Athar H, Merriam LT, Ryu MH, Sasaki T, Castaldi PJ, Rao DA, Sholl LM, Vivero M, Hersh CP, Zhou X, Veerkamp J, Yun JH, Kim EY. Activation of CD8 + T Cells in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Lung. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 208:1177-1195. [PMID: 37756440 PMCID: PMC10868372 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202305-0924oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Despite the importance of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the immune cell landscape in the lung tissue of patients with mild-moderate disease has not been well characterized at the single-cell and molecular level. Objectives: To define the immune cell landscape in lung tissue from patients with mild-moderate COPD at single-cell resolution. Methods: We performed single-cell transcriptomic, proteomic, and T-cell receptor repertoire analyses on lung tissue from patients with mild-moderate COPD (n = 5, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease I or II), emphysema without airflow obstruction (n = 5), end-stage COPD (n = 2), control (n = 6), or donors (n = 4). We validated in an independent patient cohort (N = 929) and integrated with the Hhip+/- murine model of COPD. Measurements and Main Results: Mild-moderate COPD lungs have increased abundance of two CD8+ T cell subpopulations: cytotoxic KLRG1+TIGIT+CX3CR1+ TEMRA (T effector memory CD45RA+) cells, and DNAM-1+CCR5+ T resident memory (TRM) cells. These CD8+ T cells interact with myeloid and alveolar type II cells via IFNG and have hyperexpanded T-cell receptor clonotypes. In an independent cohort, the CD8+KLRG1+ TEMRA cells are increased in mild-moderate COPD lung compared with control or end-stage COPD lung. Human CD8+KLRG1+ TEMRA cells are similar to CD8+ T cells driving inflammation in an aging-related murine model of COPD. Conclusions: CD8+ TEMRA cells are increased in mild-moderate COPD lung and may contribute to inflammation that precedes severe disease. Further study of these CD8+ T cells may have therapeutic implications for preventing severe COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhawal Jain
- Pulmonary Drug Discovery Laboratory, Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Bayer US LLC, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Yunju Jeong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Mari Kamiya
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hibah Haider
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | | | | | - Humra Athar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Pulmonary Drug Discovery Laboratory, Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Bayer US LLC, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | | | - Min Hyung Ryu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, and
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Takanori Sasaki
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, and
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter J. Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, and
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deepak A. Rao
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, and
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lynette M. Sholl
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marina Vivero
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Craig P. Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, and
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, and
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Justus Veerkamp
- Pharmaceuticals, Research & Early Development Precision Medicine RED (preMED), Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jeong H. Yun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, and
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edy Y. Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - the MGB-Bayer Pulmonary Drug Discovery Lab
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, and
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Pulmonary Drug Discovery Laboratory, Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Bayer US LLC, Boston, Massachusetts; and
- Pharmaceuticals, Research & Early Development Precision Medicine RED (preMED), Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
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4
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Bhattacharyya S, Crain CR, Goldberg B, Gaiha GD. Features of functional and dysfunctional CD8+ T cells to guide HIV vaccine development. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2023; 18:257-263. [PMID: 37535040 PMCID: PMC10503300 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW CD8+ T cell responses are a key component of the host immune response to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but vary significantly across individuals with distinct clinical outcomes. These differences help inform the qualitative features of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells that we should aim to induce by vaccination. RECENT FINDINGS We review previous and more recent findings on the features of dysfunctional and functional CD8+ T cell responses that develop in individuals with uncontrolled and controlled HIV infection, with particular emphasis on proliferation, cytotoxic effector function, epitope specificity, and responses in lymph nodes. We also discuss the implications of these findings for both prophylactic and therapeutic T cell vaccine development within the context of T cell vaccine trials. SUMMARY The induction of HIV specific CD8+ T cell responses is an important goal of ongoing vaccine efforts. Emerging data on the key features of CD8+ T cell responses that distinguish individuals who spontaneously control from those with progressive disease continues to provide key guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaown Bhattacharyya
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Charles R Crain
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Benjamin Goldberg
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Gaurav D Gaiha
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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5
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Chen XQ, Ma J, Xu D, Xiang ZL. Comprehensive analysis of KLF2 as a prognostic biomarker associated with fibrosis and immune infiltration in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:270. [PMID: 37386390 PMCID: PMC10308631 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05391-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Most Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients are in advanced or metastatic stage at the time of diagnosis. Prognosis for advanced HCC patients is dismal. This study was based on our previous microarray results, and aimed to explore the promising diagnostic and prognostic markers for advanced HCC by focusing on the important function of KLF2. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Cancer Genome Consortium database (ICGC), and the Gene Expression Comprehensive Database (GEO) provided the raw data of this study research. The cBioPortal platform, CeDR Atlas platform, and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) website were applied to analyze the mutational landscape and single-cell sequencing data of KLF2. Basing on the results of single-cell sequencing analyses, we further explored the molecular mechanism of KLF2 regulation in the fibrosis and immune infiltration of HCC. RESULTS Decreased KLF2 expression was discovered to be mainly regulated by hypermethylation, and indicated a poor prognosis of HCC. Single-cell level expression analyses revealed KLF2 was highly expressed in immune cells and fibroblasts. The function enrichment analysis of KLF2 targets indicated the crucial association between KLF2 and tumor matrix. 33-genes related with cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were collected to identify the significant association of KLF2 with fibrosis. And SPP1 was validated as a promising prognostic and diagnostic marker for advanced HCC patients. CXCR6 CD8+ T cells were noted as a predominant proportion in the immune microenvironment, and T cell receptor CD3D was discovered to be a potential therapeutic biomarker for HCC immunotherapy. CONCLUSION This study identified that KLF2 is an important factor promoting HCC progression by affecting the fibrosis and immune infiltration, highlighting its great potential as a novel prognostic biomarker for advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qin Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Di Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zuo-Lin Xiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital Ji'an hospital, Jiangxi, 343000, China.
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6
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Acute type adult T-cell leukemia cells proliferate in the lymph nodes rather than in peripheral blood. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1570-1577. [PMID: 35459881 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A massive increase in the number of mature CD4+ T-cells in peripheral blood (PB) is a defining characteristic of acute type of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). To date, the site of proliferation of ATL cells in the body has been unclear. In an attempt to address this question, we examined the expression of the proliferation marker, Ki-67, in freshly isolated ATL cells from PB and lymph nodes (LNs) of patients with various types of ATL. Our findings reveal that LN-ATL cells display higher expression of the Ki-67 antigen than PB-ATL cells in acute type patients. The gene expression of T-cell quiescence regulators such as Krüppel-like factor 2/6 and forkhead box protein 1 was substantially high in acute type PB-ATL cells. The expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase, which is involved in T-cell expansion, was significantly low in PB-ATL cells from acute type patients, similar to that in normal resting T-cells. These findings suggest that ATL cells proliferate in the LNs rather than in PB.
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Mutabaruka MS, Pata M, Vacher J. A Foxo1-Klf2-S1pr1-Gnai1-Rac1 signaling axis is a critical mediator of Ostm1 regulatory network in T lymphopoiesis. iScience 2022; 25:104160. [PMID: 35434560 PMCID: PMC9010627 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ostm1 mutations cause the severe form of osteopetrosis with bone marrow deficiency in humans and mice, yet a role in T cell ontogeny remains to be determined. Herein, we show that thymi of the Ostm1-null mice (gl/gl) from P8-to-P15 become markedly hypocellular with disturbed architecture. Analysis of gl/gl early T cell program determined a major decrease of 3-fold in bone marrow common lymphoid precursors (CLP), 35-fold in early thymic precursors (ETPs) and 100-fold in T cell double positive subpopulations. Ostm1 ablation in T cell double negative (DN) also appears to induce fast-paced differentiation kinetics with a transitory intermediate CD44+CD25int subpopulation. Transgenic targeting Ostm1 expression from the gl/gl DN1 population partially rescued T cell subpopulations from ETP onwards and normalized the accelerated DN differentiation, indicating a cell-autonomous role for Ostm1. Transcriptome of early DN1 population identified an Ostm1 crosstalk with a Foxo1-Klf2-S1pr1-Gnai1-Rac1 signaling axis. Our findings establish that Ostm1 is an essential regulator of T cell ontogeny. Loss of Ostm1 causes severe thymus hypocellularity Ostm1 is a modulator of the T cell differentiation program from the CLPs onwards Targeted CD2-Ostm1 in Ostm1 null mice leads to partial rescue of DN differentiation Ostm1 null DN1 transcriptome identifies a Foxo1-Klf2-S1pr1-Gnai1-Rac1 signaling axis
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie S Mutabaruka
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 West Pins Avenue, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Monica Pata
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 West Pins Avenue, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jean Vacher
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 West Pins Avenue, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 3J7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
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8
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Qi X, Wu F, Kim SH, Kaifi JT, Kimchi ET, Snyder H, Illendula A, Fox T, Kester M, Staveley-O'Carroll KF, Li G. Nanoliposome C6-Ceramide in combination with anti-CTLA4 antibody improves anti-tumor immunity in hepatocellular cancer. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22250. [PMID: 35294071 PMCID: PMC9297193 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101707r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapy represents an effective therapeutic approach to overcome hepatocellular cancer (HCC) resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Based upon previous work demonstrating that nanoliposome C6‐ceramide (LipC6) not only induces HCC apoptosis but also prevents HCC‐induced immune tolerance, we now investigate the potential of LipC6 in combination with ICB in HCC treatment. We generated orthotopic HCC‐bearing mice, which have typical features in common with human patients, and then treated them with LipC6 in combination with the antibodies (Abs) for programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) or cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4). The tumor growth was monitored by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the intrahepatic immune profiles were checked by flow cytometry in response to the treatments. Realtime PCR (qPCR) was used to detect the expression of target genes. The results show that LipC6 in combination with anti‐CTLA4 Ab, but not anti‐PD‐1 Ab, significantly slowed tumor growth, enhanced tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T cells, and suppressed tumor‐resident CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs. Further molecular investigation indicates that the combinational treatment suppressed transcriptional factor Krüppel‐like Factor 2 (KLF2), forkhead box protein P3 (FoxP3), and CTLA4. Our studies suggest that LipC6 in combination with anti‐CTLA4 Ab represents a novel therapeutic approach with significant potential in activating anti‐HCC immune response and suppressing HCC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Qi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jussuf T Kaifi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Eric T Kimchi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Helena Snyder
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Anuradha Illendula
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Todd Fox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mark Kester
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kevin F Staveley-O'Carroll
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Guangfu Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Fraxinellone ameliorates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced secondary brain injury by regulating Krüppel-like transcription factor 2 expression in rats. Brain Res Bull 2021; 177:340-351. [PMID: 34717966 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an important factor leading to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced secondary brain injury (SBI). Krüppel-like transcription factor 2 (KLF2) plays an important role in the maintenance of the BBB. This study aims to detect the changes of KLF2 after ICH and evaluate the potential effects of fraxinellone on ICH-induced SBI and its correlation with KLF2. An ICH model was established by injecting autologous blood into the right basal ganglia of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. First, after ICH induction, the protein levels of KLF2 were reduced. Then, we found that the decrease of KLF2 protein levels induced by ICH could be effectively reversed with the treatment of fraxinellone in vascular endothelial cells. Furthermore, fraxinellone treatment effectively alleviated brain edema, decreased the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, and improved neuronal cell degeneration induced by ICH. Meanwhile, fraxinellone ameliorated neurobehavioral disorders, motor and sensory impairments, and neurobehavioral disorders and memory loss caused by ICH. Collectively, these findings reveal that KLF2 may be a potential target for fraxinellone to exert neuroprotective effects after ICH, and fraxinellone could be a potential therapeutic agent for SBI after ICH.
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10
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Krüppel-like Factor 2 (KLF2) in Immune Cell Migration. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101171. [PMID: 34696279 PMCID: PMC8539188 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), a transcription factor of the krüppel-like family, is a key regulator of activation, differentiation, and migration processes in various cell types. In this review, we focus on the functional relevance of KLF2 in immune cell migration and homing. We summarize the key functions of KLF2 in the regulation of chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules and discuss the relevance of the KLF2-mediated control of immune cell migration in the context of immune responses, infections, and diseases.
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11
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Collins DR, Urbach JM, Racenet ZJ, Arshad U, Power KA, Newman RM, Mylvaganam GH, Ly NL, Lian X, Rull A, Rassadkina Y, Yanez AG, Peluso MJ, Deeks SG, Vidal F, Lichterfeld M, Yu XG, Gaiha GD, Allen TM, Walker BD. Functional impairment of HIV-specific CD8 + T cells precedes aborted spontaneous control of viremia. Immunity 2021; 54:2372-2384.e7. [PMID: 34496223 PMCID: PMC8516715 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous control of HIV infection has been repeatedly linked to antiviral CD8+ T cells but is not always permanent. To address mechanisms of durable and aborted control of viremia, we evaluated immunologic and virologic parameters longitudinally among 34 HIV-infected subjects with differential outcomes. Despite sustained recognition of autologous virus, HIV-specific proliferative and cytolytic T cell effector functions became selectively and intrinsically impaired prior to aborted control. Longitudinal transcriptomic profiling of functionally impaired HIV-specific CD8+ T cells revealed altered expression of genes related to activation, cytokine-mediated signaling, and cell cycle regulation, including increased expression of the antiproliferative transcription factor KLF2 but not of genes associated with canonical exhaustion. Lymphoid HIV-specific CD8+ T cells also exhibited poor functionality during aborted control relative to durable control. Our results identify selective functional impairment of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells as prognostic of impending aborted HIV control, with implications for clinical monitoring and immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Collins
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Umar Arshad
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karen A Power
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ruchi M Newman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Geetha H Mylvaganam
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Ngoc L Ly
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiaodong Lian
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Rull
- Joan XXIII University Hospital, Pere Virgili Institute (IISPV), Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yelizaveta Rassadkina
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adrienne G Yanez
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Peluso
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven G Deeks
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Francesc Vidal
- Joan XXIII University Hospital, Pere Virgili Institute (IISPV), Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mathias Lichterfeld
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xu G Yu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gaurav D Gaiha
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd M Allen
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bruce D Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Sciences and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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12
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Li GQ, Fang YX, Liu Y, Meng FR, Wu X, Zhang CW, Zhang Y, Liu YQ, Liu D. MicroRNA-21 from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles targets TET1 to suppress KLF4 and alleviate rheumatoid arthritis. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021; 12:20406223211007369. [PMID: 33995992 PMCID: PMC8072656 DOI: 10.1177/20406223211007369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be used effectively to transfer drugs and biomolecules to target lesions. Meanwhile, BMSCs have been reported to be beneficial in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we employ gain- and loss-of-function experiments to determine how BMSCs-derived EVs alleviate RA in vitro and in vivo. Methods We isolated EVs from BMSCs and characterized them by transmission electron microscopy and western blot analysis. The regulatory relationship between miR-21 and TET1 was predicted by bioinformatics analysis and validated by dual luciferase assay. Next, we utilized bisulfite sequencing PCR to decipher how TET1 promoted KLF4 transcription. Then, we established an RA mouse model and determined the role of miR-21 in RA progression. Functional assays were used to validate the role the miR-21-TET1-KLF4 regulatory axis in controlling mouse fibroblast-like synoviocytes (mFLS) cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokines secretion in vitro. Results RT-qPCR results revealed that miR-21 was highly expressed in BMSCs-derived EVs, and confirmed that BMSCs-derived EVs transferred miR-21 into mFLS cells. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that TET1 was the directly downstream target of miR-21, which was further validated by dual luciferase assay. TET1 promoted KLF4 promoter methylation to increase its expression. Collectively, BMSCs-derived EVs relieved RA by delivering miR-21, while the exosomal miR-21 alleviated RA through targeting the TET1/KLF4 regulatory axis. Conclusion miR-21 from BMSCs-derived EVs suppresses KLF4 to relive RA by targeting TET1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Xuan Fang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Fan-Ru Meng
- Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Xia Wu
- Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Wang Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Qing Liu
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, No. 98, Nantong West Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225001, P. R. China
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13
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ElTanbouly MA, Noelle RJ. Rethinking peripheral T cell tolerance: checkpoints across a T cell's journey. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:257-267. [PMID: 33077935 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-00454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Following their exit from the thymus, T cells are endowed with potent effector functions but must spare host tissue from harm. The fate of these cells is dictated by a series of checkpoints that regulate the quality and magnitude of T cell-mediated immunity, known as tolerance checkpoints. In this Perspective, we discuss the mediators and networks that control the six main peripheral tolerance checkpoints throughout the life of a T cell: quiescence, ignorance, anergy, exhaustion, senescence and death. At the naive T cell stage, two intrinsic checkpoints that actively maintain tolerance are quiescence and ignorance. In the presence of co-stimulation-deficient T cell activation, anergy is a dominant hallmark that mandates T cell unresponsiveness. When T cells are successfully stimulated and reach the effector stage, exhaustion and senescence can limit excessive inflammation and prevent immunopathology. At every stage of the T cell's journey, cell death exists as a checkpoint to limit clonal expansion and to terminate unrestrained responses. Here, we compare and contrast the T cell tolerance checkpoints and discuss their specific roles, with the aim of providing an integrated view of T cell peripheral tolerance and fate regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A ElTanbouly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Randolph J Noelle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
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14
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Mizuguchi M, Hara T, Yoshita-Takahashi M, Kohda T, Tanaka Y, Nakamura M. Promoter CpG methylation inhibits Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2)-Mediated repression of hTERT gene expression in human T-cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:100984. [PMID: 33768169 PMCID: PMC7980061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) with DNA methylation of its promoter is a common phenomenon in tumor cells. We recently found that the transcriptional factor Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) binds to the CpG sequences in the hTERT promoter and inhibits hTERT gene expression in normal resting T-cells. The human T-cell line Kit 225 in the resting phase induced by the deprivation of interleukin (IL)-2 showed no decrease in the expression of hTERT, despite the high expression of KLF2. To elucidate the mechanisms of deregulation of hTERT expression in T-cells, we examined the relationship between DNA methylation and KLF2 binding to the hTERT promoter. The hTERT promoter was methylated in Kit 225 cells, resulting in the inhibition of the binding of KLF2 to the promoter. DNA demethylation by the reagent Zebularine recovered KLF2 binding to the hTERT promoter, followed by the downregulation of its gene expression. These findings indicate that the repressive effect of KLF2 on hTERT gene expression is abolished by DNA methylation in T-cell lines. Unlike normal T-cells, the hTERT promoter is highly methylated in a leukemic T-cell line. DNA methylation of the promoter induces hTERT gene expression. Association between the promoter and the repressor KLF2 is inhibited by DNA methylation. Demethylation promotes binding of KLF2 and silencing of hTERT expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Mizuguchi
- Human Gene Sciences Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Hara
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Aichi, 464-8650, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Kohda
- Department of Epigenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Yuetsu Tanaka
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Masataka Nakamura
- Human Gene Sciences Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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15
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Running to Stand Still: Naive CD8 + T Cells Actively Maintain a Program of Quiescence. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249773. [PMID: 33371448 PMCID: PMC7767439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play a pivotal role in clearing intracellular pathogens and combatting tumours. Upon infection, naïve CD8+ T cells differentiate into effector and memory cells, and this program is underscored by large-scale and coordinated changes in the chromatin architecture and gene expression. Importantly, recent evidence demonstrates that the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate the capacity for rapid effector function of memory T cells are shared by innate immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells. Thus, it appears that the crucial difference between innate and adaptive immunity is the presence of the naïve state. This important distinction raises an intriguing new hypothesis, that the naïve state was evolutionary installed to restrain a default program of effector and memory differentiation in response to antigen recognition. We argue that the hallmark of adaptive T immunity is therefore the naïve program, which actively maintains CD8+ T cell quiescence until receipt of appropriate activation signals. In this review, we examine the mechanistic control of naïve CD8+ T cell quiescence and summarise the multiple levels of restraint imposed in naïve cells in to limit spontaneous and inappropriate activation. This includes epigenetic mechanisms and transcription factor (TF) regulation of gene expression, in addition to novel inhibitory receptors, abundance of RNA, and protein degradation.
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16
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Yan M, Liu H, Xu J, Cen X, Wang Q, Xu W, Wang W, Qiu Z, Ou J, Dong Y, Zhu P, Ren H, He F, Wang M. Expression of human Krüppel-like factor 3 in peripheral blood as a promising biomarker for acute leukemia. Cancer Med 2020; 9:2803-2811. [PMID: 32101374 PMCID: PMC7163096 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Universal gene targets are in persistent demand by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR)‐based methods in acute leukemia (AL) diagnosis and monitoring. Human Krüppel‐like factor 3 (hKLF3), a newly cloned human transcription factor, has proved to be a regulator of hematopoiesis. Methods Sanger sequencing was performed in bone marrow (BM) samples from 17 AL patients for mutations in hKLF3 coding exons. hKLF3 expression in peripheral blood (PB) and BM samples from 45 AL patients was dynamically detected by RT‐qPCR. PB samples from 31 healthy donors were tested as normal controls. Results No mutation was sequenced in hKLF3 coding exons. hKLF3 expression in PB of AL was significantly lower than that in healthy donors [0.30 (0.02‐1.07) vs 1.18 (0.62‐3.37), P < .0001]. Primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) exhibited the least expression values compared with secondary AML and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses suggested that hKLF3 expression in PB was a good marker for AML diagnosis with an AUC of 0.99 (95% CI 0.98‐1.00) and an optimum cutoff value of 0.67 (sensitivity 93.94% and specificity 93.55%). hKLF3 expression was upregulated significantly when AML patients acquired morphological complete remission (CR), and the level of hKLF3 seemed to be higher in patients with deeper CR than in patients with minimal residual disease (MRD). Paired PB and BM samples showed highly consistent alteration in hKLF3 expression (r = .6533, P = .001). Besides, a significantly converse correlation between decreased hKLF3 expression in PB and markers for leukemic load was observed. Conclusions hKLF3 expression in PB may act as a potential marker for AL diagnosis and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yan
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junhui Xu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinan Cen
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixiang Qiu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Ou
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Dong
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hanyun Ren
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fuchu He
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mangju Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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17
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ElTanbouly MA, Zhao Y, Nowak E, Li J, Schaafsma E, Le Mercier I, Ceeraz S, Lines JL, Peng C, Carriere C, Huang X, Day M, Koehn B, Lee SW, Silva Morales M, Hogquist KA, Jameson SC, Mueller D, Rothstein J, Blazar BR, Cheng C, Noelle RJ. VISTA is a checkpoint regulator for naïve T cell quiescence and peripheral tolerance. Science 2020; 367:eaay0524. [PMID: 31949051 PMCID: PMC7391053 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Negative checkpoint regulators (NCRs) temper the T cell immune response to self-antigens and limit the development of autoimmunity. Unlike all other NCRs that are expressed on activated T lymphocytes, V-type immunoglobulin domain-containing suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is expressed on naïve T cells. We report an unexpected heterogeneity within the naïve T cell compartment in mice, where loss of VISTA disrupted the major quiescent naïve T cell subset and enhanced self-reactivity. Agonistic VISTA engagement increased T cell tolerance by promoting antigen-induced peripheral T cell deletion. Although a critical player in naïve T cell homeostasis, the ability of VISTA to restrain naïve T cell responses was lost under inflammatory conditions. VISTA is therefore a distinctive NCR of naïve T cells that is critical for steady-state maintenance of quiescence and peripheral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A ElTanbouly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Yanding Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Elizabeth Nowak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | - Evelien Schaafsma
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Sabrina Ceeraz
- Immunology Discovery, Janssen Research and Development LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - J Louise Lines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Changwei Peng
- Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- The Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Xin Huang
- ImmuNext Corporation, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Maria Day
- ImmuNext Corporation, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Brent Koehn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sam W Lee
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Milagros Silva Morales
- Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kristin A Hogquist
- Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- The Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephen C Jameson
- Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- The Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Mueller
- Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- The Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Randolph J Noelle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
- ImmuNext Corporation, Lebanon, NH, USA
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18
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Das M, Deb M, Laha D, Joseph M, Kanji S, Aggarwal R, Iwenofu OH, Pompili VJ, Jarjour W, Das H. Myeloid Krüppel-Like Factor 2 Critically Regulates K/BxN Serum-Induced Arthritis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080908. [PMID: 31426355 PMCID: PMC6721677 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease, and Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) regulates immune cell activation and function. Herein, we show that in our experiments 50% global deficiency of KLF2 significantly elevated arthritic inflammation and pathogenesis, osteoclastic differentiation, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and inflammatory cytokines in K/BxN serum-induced mice. The severities of RA pathogenesis, as well as the causative and resultant cellular and molecular factors, were further confirmed in monocyte-specific KLF2 deficient mice. In addition, induction of RA resulted in a decreased level of KLF2 in monocytes isolated from both mice and humans along with higher migration of activated monocytes to the RA sites in humans. Mechanistically, overexpression of KLF2 decreased the level of MMP9; conversely, knockdown of KLF2 increased MMP9 in monocytes along with enrichment of active histone marks and histone acetyltransferases on the MMP9 promoter region. These findings define the critical regulatory role of myeloid KLF2 in RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjusri Das
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Moonmoon Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Dipranjan Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Matthew Joseph
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Suman Kanji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Reeva Aggarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - O Hans Iwenofu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Vincent J Pompili
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wael Jarjour
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hiranmoy Das
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
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19
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Manoharan P, Song T, Radzyukevich TL, Sadayappan S, Lingrel JB, Heiny JA. KLF2 in Myeloid Lineage Cells Regulates the Innate Immune Response during Skeletal Muscle Injury and Regeneration. iScience 2019; 17:334-346. [PMID: 31326700 PMCID: PMC6652133 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle repair and regeneration after injury requires coordinated interactions between the innate immune system and the injured muscle. Myeloid cells predominate in these interactions. This study examined the role of KLF2, a zinc-finger transcription factor that regulates immune cell activation, in specifying myeloid cell functions during muscle regeneration. Loss of KLF2 in myeloid lineage cells (myeKlf2-/- mice) dramatically enhanced the initial inflammatory response to acute muscle injury (cardiotoxin). Injured muscles showed dramatically elevated expression of inflammatory mediators and greater numbers of infiltrating, pro-inflammatory monocytes that matured earlier into activated macrophages. Notably, the inflammatory phase resolved earlier and regeneration progressed to myogenesis, marked by elevated expression of factors that promote the formation of new fibers from satellite cells. Regeneration was completed earlier, with phenotypically normal adult fibers integrated into the muscle syncytium. These findings identify myeloid KLF2 as a key regulator of myeloid cell functions in adult skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanikumar Manoharan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - Taejeong Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Tatiana L Radzyukevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jerry B Lingrel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Judith A Heiny
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Chapman NM, Shrestha S, Chi H. Metabolism in Immune Cell Differentiation and Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1011:1-85. [PMID: 28875486 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1170-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is a central determinant of organismal health. Functional immune responses require quiescent immune cells to rapidly grow, proliferate, and acquire effector functions when they sense infectious agents or other insults. Specialized metabolic programs are critical regulators of immune responses, and alterations in immune metabolism can cause immunological disorders. There has thus been growing interest in understanding how metabolic processes control immune cell functions under normal and pathophysiological conditions. In this chapter, we summarize how metabolic programs are tuned and what the physiological consequences of metabolic reprogramming are as they relate to immune cell homeostasis, differentiation, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Chapman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Sharad Shrestha
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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21
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Laha D, Deb M, Das H. KLF2 (kruppel-like factor 2 [lung]) regulates osteoclastogenesis by modulating autophagy. Autophagy 2019; 15:2063-2075. [PMID: 30894058 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1596491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is involved in myeloid cellular repair, destruction, and osteoclast differentiation; conversely, KLF2 (kruppel-like factor 2 [lung]) regulates myeloid cell activation and differentiation. To investigate the specific role of KLF2 in autophagy, osteoclastic differentiation was induced in monocytes in presence or absence of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), KLF2 inducer geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor (GGTI298), and adenoviral overexpression of KLF2. We found that the number of autophagic cells and multinucleated osteoclasts were significantly decreased in presence of 3-MA, GGTI298, and KLF2 overexpressed cells indicating involvement of KLF2 in these processes. In addition, autophagy-related protein molecules were significantly decreased after induction of KLF2 during the course of osteoclastic differentiation. Furthermore, induction of arthritis in mice reduced the level of Klf2 in monocytes, and enhanced autophagy during osteoclastic differentiation. Mechanistically, knocking down of KLF2 increased the level of Beclin1 (BECN1) expression, and conversely, KLF2 over-expression reduced the level of BECN1 in monocytes. Moreover, 3-MA and GGTI298 both reduced myeloid cell proliferation concomitantly upregulating senescence-related molecules (CDKN1A/p21 and CDKN1B/p27kip1). We further confirmed epigenetic regulation of Becn1 by modulating Klf2; knocking down of Klf2 increased the levels of histone activation marks H3K9 and H4K8 acetylation in the promoter region of Becn1; and overexpression of Klf2 decreased the levels of H4K8 and H3K9 acetylation. In addition, osteoclastic differentiation also increased levels of H3K9 and H4K8 acetylation in the promoter region of Becn1. Together these findings for the first time revealed that Klf2 critically regulates Becn1-mediated autophagy process during osteoclastogenesis.Abbreviations: ACP5/TRAP: acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant; Ad-KLF2: adenoviral construct of KLF2; ATG3: autophagy related 3; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATG12: autophagy related 12; BECN1: beclin 1, autophagy related; C57BL/6: inbred mouse strain C57 black 6; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; CSF1/MCSF: colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage); CTSK: cathepsin K; EV: empty vector; GGTI298: geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor; H3K9Ac: histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation; H4K8Ac: histone H4 lysine 8 acetylation; K/BxN mice: T cell receptor (TCR) transgene KRN and the MHC class II molecule A(g7) generates K/BxN mice; KLF2: kruppel-like factor 2 (lung); 3MA: 3-methyladenine; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MDC: monodansylcadaverine; NFATc1: nuclear factor of activated T cells 1; NFKB: nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells; p21/CDKN1A: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A; p27kip1/CDKN1B: cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PtdIns3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; siKlf2: small interfering KLF2 ribonucleic acid; NS: non-specific; RAW 264.7: abelson murine leukemia virus transformed macrophage cell line; TNFSF11/RANKL: tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11; TSS: transcriptional start site; UCSC: University of California, Santa Cruz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipranjan Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Moonmoon Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Hiranmoy Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
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22
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Das M, Laha D, Kanji S, Joseph M, Aggarwal R, Iwenofu OH, Pompili VJ, Jain MK, Das H. Induction of Krüppel-like factor 2 reduces K/BxN serum-induced arthritis. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:1386-1395. [PMID: 30506878 PMCID: PMC6349180 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) critically regulates activation and function of monocyte, which plays important pathogenic role in progressive joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is yet to be established the molecular basis of KLF2-mediated regulation of monocytes in RA pathogenesis. Herein, we show that a class of compound, HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) induced KLF2 expression in monocytes both in vitro and in vivo. KLF2 level was also elevated in tissues, such as bone marrow, spleen and thymus in mice after infusion of HDACi. Importantly, HDACi significantly reduced osteoclastic differentiation of monocytes with the up-regulation of KLF2 and concomitant down-regulation of matrixmetalloproteinases both in the expression level as well as in the protein level. In addition, HDACi reduced K/BxN serum-induced arthritic inflammation and joint destruction in mice in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation and overexpression studies confirmed that KLF2 directly interacts with HDAC4 molecule in cells. These findings provide mechanistic evidence of KLF2-mediated regulation of K/BxN serum-induced arthritic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjusri Das
- Department of Internal MedicineThe Ohio State University Medical CenterColumbusOhio
| | - Dipranjan Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyTexas Tech University Health Sciences CenterAmarilloTexas
| | - Suman Kanji
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyTexas Tech University Health Sciences CenterAmarilloTexas
| | - Matthew Joseph
- Department of Internal MedicineThe Ohio State University Medical CenterColumbusOhio
| | - Reeva Aggarwal
- Department of Internal MedicineThe Ohio State University Medical CenterColumbusOhio
| | - Obiajulu H. Iwenofu
- Department of PathologyCollege of MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio
| | - Vincent J. Pompili
- Department of Internal MedicineThe Ohio State University Medical CenterColumbusOhio
| | - Mukesh K. Jain
- Department of Internal MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio
| | - Hiranmoy Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyTexas Tech University Health Sciences CenterAmarilloTexas
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23
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Damodaran K, Venkatachalapathy S, Alisafaei F, Radhakrishnan AV, Sharma Jokhun D, Shenoy VB, Shivashankar GV. Compressive force induces reversible chromatin condensation and cell geometry-dependent transcriptional response. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:3039-3051. [PMID: 30256731 PMCID: PMC6333178 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-04-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts exhibit heterogeneous cell geometries in tissues and integrate both mechanical and biochemical signals in their local microenvironment to regulate genomic programs via chromatin remodelling. While in connective tissues fibroblasts experience tensile and compressive forces (CFs), the role of compressive forces in regulating cell behavior and, in particular, the impact of cell geometry in modulating transcriptional response to such extrinsic mechanical forces is unclear. Here we show that CF on geometrically well-defined mouse fibroblast cells reduces actomyosin contractility and shuttles histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) into the nucleus. HDAC3 then triggers an increase in the heterochromatin content by initiating removal of acetylation marks on the histone tails. This suggests that, in response to CF, fibroblasts condense their chromatin and enter into a transcriptionally less active and quiescent states as also revealed by transcriptome analysis. On removal of CF, the alteration in chromatin condensation was reversed. We also present a quantitative model linking CF-dependent changes in actomyosin contractility leading to chromatin condensation. Further, transcriptome analysis also revealed that the transcriptional response of cells to CF was geometry dependent. Collectively, our results suggest that CFs induce chromatin condensation and geometry-dependent differential transcriptional response in fibroblasts that allows maintenance of tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Damodaran
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Saradha Venkatachalapathy
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Farid Alisafaei
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - A V Radhakrishnan
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Doorgesh Sharma Jokhun
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Vivek B Shenoy
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - G V Shivashankar
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore.,FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology (IFOM), 20139 Milan, Italy
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24
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Choi S, Lee K, Jung H, Park N, Kang J, Nam KH, Kim EK, Ju JH, Kang KY. Kruppel-Like Factor 4 Positively Regulates Autoimmune Arthritis in Mouse Models and Rheumatoid Arthritis in Patients via Modulating Cell Survival and Inflammation Factors of Fibroblast-Like Synoviocyte. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1339. [PMID: 29997611 PMCID: PMC6030377 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes mild to severe joint inflammation. During RA pathogenesis, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) acquire a tumor-like phenotype and mediate cartilage destruction both directly and indirectly by producing proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Kruppel-like factor (KLF) 4, a member of the KLF family, plays significant roles in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. A recent study reported increased expression of KLF4 in synovial tissue from RA patients. However, its precise role in RA in different models, including mouse autoimmune disease models, remains unclear. In this study, we examined the role of KLF4 during development of autoimmune arthritis in mouse models. To do this, we used KLF4 knockout mice rendered by ribonucleic acid (RNA)-guided endonuclease (RGEN) and performed collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA). We found that deletion of KLF4 reduces inflammation induced by CAIA. In addition, we assessed collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in control mice and KLF4-overexpressing mice generated by a minicircle vector treatment. Severity of CIA in mice overexpressing KLF4 was greater than that in mice injected with control vector. Finally, we verified the inflammatory roles of KLF4 in CIA by treating Kenpaullone which is used as KLF4 inhibitor. Next, we focused on human/mouse FLS to discover the cellular process involved in RA pathogenesis including proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation including MMPs. In FLS, KLF4 upregulated expression of mRNA encoding proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. KLF4 also regulated expression of matrix metallopeptidase 13 in the synovium. We found that blockade of KLF4 in FLS increased apoptosis and suppressed proliferation followed by downregulation of antiapoptotic factor BCL2. Our results indicate that KLF4 plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis in vivo, by regulating apoptosis, MMP expression, and cytokine expression by FLS. Thus, KLF4 might be a novel transcription factor for generating RA by modulating cellular process of FLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjin Choi
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Kijun Lee
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyerin Jung
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Narae Park
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaewoo Kang
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Hoan Nam
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwi Young Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, South Korea
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25
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Zhang S, Zhang X, Wang K, Xu X, Li M, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Hao J, Sun X, Chen Y, Liu X, Chang Y, Jin R, Wu H, Ge Q. Newly Generated CD4 + T Cells Acquire Metabolic Quiescence after Thymic Egress. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:1064-1077. [PMID: 29288207 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mature naive T cells circulate through the secondary lymphoid organs in an actively enforced quiescent state. Impaired cell survival and cell functions could be found when T cells have defects in quiescence. One of the key features of T cell quiescence is low basal metabolic activity. It remains unclear at which developmental stage T cells acquire this metabolic quiescence. We compared mitochondria among CD4 single-positive (SP) T cells in the thymus, CD4+ recent thymic emigrants (RTEs), and mature naive T cells in the periphery. The results demonstrate that RTEs and naive T cells had reduced mitochondrial content and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species when compared with SP thymocytes. This downregulation of mitochondria requires T cell egress from the thymus and occurs early after young T cells enter the circulation. Autophagic clearance of mitochondria, but not mitochondria biogenesis or fission/fusion, contributes to mitochondrial downregulation in RTEs. The enhanced apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1/MAPKs and reduced mechanistic target of rapamycin activities in RTEs relative to SP thymocytes may be involved in this mitochondrial reduction. These results indicate that the gain of metabolic quiescence is one of the important maturation processes during SP-RTE transition. Together with functional maturation, it promotes the survival and full responsiveness to activating stimuli in young T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiuyuan Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yingjun Chang
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; and
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; .,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hounan Wu
- Peking University Medical and Health Analytical Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qing Ge
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; .,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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26
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KLF2 in Regulation of NF-κB-Mediated Immune Cell Function and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112383. [PMID: 29125549 PMCID: PMC5713352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
KLF2 (Kruppel-like factor 2) is a member of the zinc finger transcription factor family, which critically regulates embryonic lung development, function of endothelial cells and maintenance of quiescence in T-cells and monocytes. It is expressed in naïve T-cells and monocytes, however its level of expression decreases during activation and differentiation. KLF2 also plays critical regulatory role in various inflammatory diseases and their pathogenesis. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) is an important inducer of inflammation and the inflammation is mediated through the transcription of several proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules. So, both transcriptional factors KLF2 and NF-κB are being associated with the similar cellular functions and their maintenance. It was shown that KLF2 regulates most of the NF-κB-mediated activities. In this review, we focused on emphasizing the involvement of KLF2 in health and disease states and how they interact with transcriptional master regulator NF-κB.
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27
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Francisco NM, Fang YM, Ding L, Feng S, Yang Y, Wu M, Jacobs M, Ryffel B, Huang X. Diagnostic accuracy of a selected signature gene set that discriminates active pulmonary tuberculosis and other pulmonary diseases. J Infect 2017; 75:499-510. [PMID: 28941629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We validated the accuracy of host selected signature gene set using unstimulated whole blood (WB), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). METHODS The unstimulated WB and PBMC from 1417 individuals with active pulmonary TB patients, other lung diseases and healthy participants were analyzed using real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS The WB cohort test demonstrates that the combination of GBP5 and KLF2 can differentiate active TB versus HC with sensitivity and specificity of 77.8% and 87.1%, respectively; but most importantly active TB versus OD with sensitivity and specificity of 96.1% and 85.2%, respectively. Again during treatment course, the TB score of GBP5 and KLF2, analytes secretion and clinical parameters were found to be associated in disease progression. In the PBMC cohort test, we found that the only and best discriminatory combination was GBP5, DUSP3 and KLF2 inthe active TB versus HC with a sensitivity and specificity of 76.4% and 85.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that GBP5 and KLF2 may be useful as a diagnostic tool for active TB, also the two-gene set may serve as surrogate biomarkers for monitoring TB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngiambudulu M Francisco
- Program of Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Tuberculosis Control, Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi-Min Fang
- Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, PR China
| | - Siyuan Feng
- Program of Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Tuberculosis Control, Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yiying Yang
- Program of Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Tuberculosis Control, Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Minhao Wu
- Program of Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Tuberculosis Control, Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Muazzam Jacobs
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- CNRS UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Xi Huang
- Program of Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Tuberculosis Control, Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, PR China.
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28
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De Nisco NJ, Kanchwala M, Li P, Fernandez J, Xing C, Orth K. The cytotoxic type 3 secretion system 1 of Vibrio rewires host gene expression to subvert cell death and activate cell survival pathways. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/479/eaal4501. [PMID: 28512145 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aal4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial effectors potently manipulate host signaling pathways. The marine bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. para) delivers effectors into host cells through two type 3 secretion systems (T3SSs). T3SS1 is vital for V. para survival in the environment, whereas T3SS2 causes acute gastroenteritis in human hosts. Although the natural host is undefined, T3SS1 effectors attack highly conserved cellular processes and pathways to orchestrate nonapoptotic cell death. To understand how the concerted action of T3SS1 effectors globally affects host cell signaling, we compared gene expression changes over time in primary fibroblasts infected with V. para that have a functional T3SS1 (T3SS1+) to those in cells infected with V. para lacking T3SS1 (T3SS1-). Overall, the host transcriptional response to both T3SS1+ and T3SS1-V. para was rapid, robust, and temporally dynamic. T3SS1 rewired host gene expression by specifically altering the expression of 398 genes. Although T3SS1 effectors targeted host cells at the posttranslational level to cause cytotoxicity, V. para T3SS1 also precipitated a host transcriptional response that initially activated cell survival and repressed cell death networks. The increased expression of several key prosurvival transcripts mediated by T3SS1 depended on a host signaling pathway that is silenced posttranslationally later in infection. Together, our analysis reveals a complex interplay between the roles of T3SS1 as both a transcriptional and posttranslational manipulator of host cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J De Nisco
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mohammed Kanchwala
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jessie Fernandez
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kim Orth
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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29
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Zhang S, Yu N, Wang L, Liu Y, Kong Y, Liu J, Xie Y. Prox1 represses IL-2 gene expression by interacting with NFAT2. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69422-69434. [PMID: 29050214 PMCID: PMC5642489 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is critical for T lymphocyte activation and regulated by many transcriptional factors. Prospero-related homeobox 1 (Prox1) is a multifunctional transcription factor, which can work as either a transcriptional activator or repressor depending on the cellular and developmental environment. We previously reported the Prox1 expression in T cells, raising the possibility of Prox1 involvement in the regulation of T cell function and IL-2 production. Here we demonstrated that the Prox1 expression in CD4+ T cells was downregulated by T cell receptor (TCR) activation. Overexpression of Prox1 attenuated IL-2 production, while knockdown of endogenous Prox1 by small interfering RNA increased IL-2 expression. Mechanistically, we showed that Prox1 inhibited the IL-2 promoter activity, and associated with the minimal IL-2 promoter. Prox1 repressed the nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFAT2)-dependent transactivation of IL-2 gene by physically binding to NFAT2. The N-terminal region of Prox1 was essential for the binding and repression. In summary, our findings established Prox1 as a negative regulator in IL-2 gene expression through the direct interaction with NFAT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Zhang
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE and MOH), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ning Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Linfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE and MOH), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE and MOH), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuying Kong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE and MOH), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE and MOH), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Youhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE and MOH), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Alberts-Grill N, Engelbertsen D, Bu D, Foks A, Grabie N, Herter JM, Kuperwaser F, Chen T, Destefano G, Jarolim P, Lichtman AH. Dendritic Cell KLF2 Expression Regulates T Cell Activation and Proatherogenic Immune Responses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 197:4651-4662. [PMID: 27837103 PMCID: PMC5136303 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) have been implicated as important regulators of innate and adaptive inflammation in many diseases, including atherosclerosis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which DCs mitigate or promote inflammatory pathogenesis are only partially understood. Previous studies have shown an important anti-inflammatory role for the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) in regulating activation of various cell types that participate in atherosclerotic lesion development, including endothelial cells, macrophages, and T cells. We used a pan-DC, CD11c-specific cre-lox gene knockout mouse model to assess the role of KLF2 in DC activation, function, and control of inflammation in the context of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. We found that KLF2 deficiency enhanced surface expression of costimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86 in DCs and promoted increased T cell proliferation and apoptosis. Transplant of bone marrow from mice with KLF2-deficient DCs into Ldlr-/- mice aggravated atherosclerosis compared with control mice, most likely due to heightened vascular inflammation evidenced by increased DC presence within lesions, enhanced T cell activation and cytokine production, and increased cell death in atherosclerotic lesions. Taken together, these data indicate that KLF2 governs the degree of DC activation and hence the intensity of proatherogenic T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Alberts-Grill
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02460
| | - Daniel Engelbertsen
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02460
| | - Dexiu Bu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02460
| | - Amanda Foks
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02460
| | - Nir Grabie
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02460
| | - Jan M Herter
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02460
| | - Felicia Kuperwaser
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02460
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02460
| | - Gina Destefano
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02460
| | - Petr Jarolim
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02460
| | - Andrew H Lichtman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02460
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Puck A, Hopf S, Modak M, Majdic O, Cejka P, Blüml S, Schmetterer K, Arnold-Schrauf C, Gerwien JG, Frederiksen KS, Thell E, Leitner J, Steinberger P, Aigner R, Seyerl-Jiresch M, Zlabinger GJ, Stöckl J. The soluble cytoplasmic tail of CD45 (ct-CD45) in human plasma contributes to keep T cells in a quiescent state. Eur J Immunol 2016; 47:193-205. [PMID: 27718235 PMCID: PMC5244668 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic tail of CD45 (ct‐CD45) is proteolytically cleaved and released upon activation of human phagocytes. It acts on T cells as an inhibitory, cytokine‐like factor in vitro. Here, we show that ct‐CD45 is abundant in human peripheral blood plasma from healthy adults compared with plasma derived from umbilical cord blood and plasma from patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. Plasma depleted of ct‐CD45 enhanced T‐cell proliferation, while addition of exogenous ct‐CD45 protein inhibited proliferation and reduced cytokine production of human T lymphocytes in response to TCR signaling. Inhibition of T‐cell proliferation by ct‐CD45 was overcome by costimulation via CD28. T‐cell activation in the presence of ct‐CD45 was associated with an upregulation of the quiescence factors Schlafen family member 12 (SLFN12) and Krueppel‐like factor 2 (KLF2) as well as of the cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p27kip1. In contrast, positive regulators of the cell cycle such as cyclin D2 and D3 as well as CDK2 and CDK4 were found to be downregulated in response to ct‐CD45. In summary, we demonstrate that ct‐CD45 is present in human plasma and sets the threshold of T‐cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Puck
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Hopf
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Madhura Modak
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Otto Majdic
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Cejka
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Blüml
- Department for Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Schmetterer
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Catharina Arnold-Schrauf
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jens G Gerwien
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Biopharmaceuticals Research Unit, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Elisabeth Thell
- Department for Gynecology, St. Josef Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Regina Aigner
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Seyerl-Jiresch
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Stöckl
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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32
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Liu DY, Zhao HM. Axis of immune response and energy metabolism mediated by Notch/mTOR signaling pathway: Pivotal mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine for preventing inflammatory bowel disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:2617-2624. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i17.2617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a kind of worldwide refractory disease with a high recurrence rate. However, traditional Chinese medicine for IBD is associated with a better therapeutic effect and a lower recurrence rate, although the mechanism is still unclear. It is known that the Notch signaling pathway interacts with mTOR and regulates the body's immune level and cell energy, which is closely related with morbidity of IBD. These hint that axis of immune response and energy metabolism mediated by the Notch/mTOR signaling pathway is possibly a pivotal mechanism for traditional Chinese medicine to prevent IBD.
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Transcription factor KLF2 regulates homeostatic NK cell proliferation and survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:5370-5. [PMID: 27114551 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1521491113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that recognize and lyse virally infected or transformed cells. This latter property is being pursued in clinics to treat leukemia with the hope that further breakthroughs in NK cell biology can extend treatments to other cancers. At issue is the ability to expand transferred NK cells and prolong their functionality within the context of a tumor. In terms of NK cell expansion and survival, we now report that Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is a key transcription factor that underpins both of these events. Excision of Klf2 using gene-targeted mouse models promotes spontaneous proliferation of immature NK cells in peripheral tissues, a phenotype that is replicated under ex vivo conditions. Moreover, KLF2 imprints a homeostatic migration pattern on mature NK cells that allows these cells to access IL-15-rich microenvironments. KLF2 accomplishes this feat within the mature NK cell lineage via regulation of a subset of homing receptors that respond to homeostatic ligands while leaving constitutively expressed receptors that recognize inflammatory cytokines unperturbed. Under steady-state conditions, KLF2-deficient NK cells alter their expression of homeostatic homing receptors and subsequently undergo apoptosis due to IL-15 starvation. This novel mechanism has implications regarding NK cell contraction following the termination of immune responses including the possibility that retention of an IL-15 transpresenting support system is key to extending NK cell activity in a tumor environment.
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Wei H, Geng J, Shi B, Liu Z, Wang YH, Stevens AC, Sprout SL, Yao M, Wang H, Hu H. Cutting Edge: Foxp1 Controls Naive CD8+ T Cell Quiescence by Simultaneously Repressing Key Pathways in Cellular Metabolism and Cell Cycle Progression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:3537-41. [PMID: 27001958 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Previously we have shown that transcription factor Foxp1 plays an essential role in maintaining naive T cell quiescence; in the absence of Foxp1, mature naive CD8(+) T cells proliferate in direct response to homeostatic cytokine IL-7. In this study, we report that the deletion of Foxp1 in naive CD8(+) T cells leads to enhanced activation of the PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway and its downstream cell growth and metabolism targets in response to IL-7. We found that Foxp1 directly regulates PI3K interacting protein 1, a negative regulator of PI3K. Additionally, we found that deletion of Foxp1 in naive CD8(+) T cells results in increased expression levels of E2fs, the critical components for cell cycle progression and proliferation, in a manner that is not associated with increased phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. Taken together, our studies suggest that Foxp1 enforces naive CD8(+) T cell quiescence by simultaneously repressing key pathways in both cellular metabolism and cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Wei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205; and
| | - Jianlin Geng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205; and
| | - Bi Shi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205; and
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205; and
| | - Yin-Hu Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205; and
| | - Anna C Stevens
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205; and
| | - Stephanie L Sprout
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205; and
| | - Min Yao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Haikun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205; and
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The artificial loss of Runx1 reduces the expression of quiescence-associated transcription factors in CD4 + T lymphocytes. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:223-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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36
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Puck A, Aigner R, Modak M, Cejka P, Blaas D, Stöckl J. Expression and regulation of Schlafen (SLFN) family members in primary human monocytes, monocyte-derived dendritic cells and T cells. RESULTS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 5:23-32. [PMID: 26623250 PMCID: PMC4625362 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinim.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Schlafen (SLFN/Slfn) family members have been investigated for their involvement in fundamental cellular processes including growth regulation, differentiation and control of viral replication. However, most research has been focused on the characterization of Slfns within the murine system or in human cell lines. Since little is known about SLFNs in primary human immune cells, we set out to analyze the expression and regulation of the six human SLFN genes in monocytes, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) and T cells. Comparison of SLFN gene expression across these three cell types showed high mRNA expression of SLFN11 in monocytes and moDCs and high SLFN5 expression in T cells, indicating functional importance within these cell types. Differentiation of monocytes to moDCs leads to the gradual upregulation of SLFN12L and SLFN13 while SLFN12 levels were decreased by differentiation stimuli. Stimulation of moDCs via human rhinovirus, lipopolysaccharide, or IFN-α lead to strong upregulation of SLFN gene expression, while peptidoglycan poorly stimulated regulation of both SLFNs and the classical interferon-stimulated gene MxA. T cell activation was found to downregulate the expression of SLFN5, SLFN12 and SLFN12L, which was reversible upon addition of exogenous IFN-α. In conclusion, we demonstrate, that SLFN gene upregulation is mainly dependent on autocrine type I interferon signaling in primary human immune cells. Rapid decrease of SLFN expression levels following T cell receptor stimulation indicates a role of SLFNs in the regulation of human T cell quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Puck
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Regina Aigner
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Madhura Modak
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Cejka
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Blaas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Stöckl
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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37
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationships between Krüppel-like factors (KLF) 2 and 4, immune-activation, and subclinical vascular disease in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). DESIGN Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. METHODS We studied 74 HIV-infected adults on ART enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of statin therapy. KLF2 and KLF4 gene expression was measured by quantitative PCR from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at baseline and after 24 weeks of 10 mg daily rosuvastatin or placebo. At the same time points, T-cell and monocyte activation were assessed by flow cytometry and vascular health was assessed by cardiac computed tomography and carotid ultrasound. RESULTS KLF4 expression was negatively correlated with duration of ART (r = -0.351, P = 0.004) and positively correlated with measures of immune activation: proinflammatory monocytes [CD14CD16 (r = 0.343, P = 0.003)], patrolling monocytes [CD14CD16 (r = 0.276, P = 0.017)], and activated CD8 T-lymphocytes [CD8DRCD38 (r = 0.264, P = 0.023)]. KLF2 expression was negatively correlated with subclinical atherosclerosis: mean-mean common carotid artery intima-media thickness (r = -0.231, P = 0.048), mean-max carotid artery intima-media thickness (r = -0.271, P = 0.020), and coronary artery calcium score (r = -0.254, P = 0.029). There were no statistically significant changes in KLF2/4 expression in PBMCs after 24 weeks of rosuvastatin. CONCLUSION Expression of KLF4 in PBMCs positively correlates with cellular markers of immune activation, whereas KLF2 expression negatively correlates with markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in this HIV-infected population on ART. Additional studies are needed to determine if targeted interventions might alter KLF2/4 expression to reduce inflammation and vascular risk in humans.
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38
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Park BV, Pan F. Metabolic regulation of T cell differentiation and function. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:497-506. [PMID: 26277275 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Upon encountering pathogens, T cells mount immune responses by proliferating, increasing cellular mass and differentiating. These cellular changes impose significant energetic challenges on T cells. It was believed that TCR and cytokine-mediated signaling are dominant dictators of T cell-mediated immune responses. Recently, it was recognized that T cells utilize metabolic transporters and metabolic sensors that allow them to rapidly respond to nutrient-limiting inflammatory environments. Metabolic sensors allow T cells to find a balance between energy consumption (anabolic metabolism) and production (catabolic metabolism) in order to mount effective immune responses. Also, metabolic regulators interact with cytokine-dependent transcriptional regulators, suggesting a more integrative and advanced model of T cell activation and differentiation. In this review, we will discuss recent discoveries regarding the roles of metabolic regulators in effector and memory T cell development and their interaction with canonical transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin V Park
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Fan Pan
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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39
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Liu C, Chapman NM, Karmaus PWF, Zeng H, Chi H. mTOR and metabolic regulation of conventional and regulatory T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:837-847. [PMID: 25714803 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2ri0814-408r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
mTOR signaling links bioenergetic and biosynthetic metabolism to immune responses. mTOR is activated by diverse upstream stimuli, including immune signals, growth factors, and nutrients. Recent studies highlight crucial roles of mTOR signaling in immune functions mediated by conventional T cells and Tregs In this review, we discuss the regulation of mTOR signaling in T cells and the functional impacts of mTOR and metabolic pathways on T cell-mediated immune responses, with a particular focus on the differentiation and function of Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohong Liu
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nicole M Chapman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peer W F Karmaus
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hu Zeng
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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40
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Suppression of Foxo1 activity and down-modulation of CD62L (L-selectin) in HIV-1 infected resting CD4 T cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110719. [PMID: 25330112 PMCID: PMC4199762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 hijacks and disrupts many processes in the cells it infects in order to suppress antiviral immunity and to facilitate its replication. Resting CD4 T cells are important early targets of HIV-1 infection in which HIV-1 must overcome intrinsic barriers to viral replication. Although resting CD4 T cells are refractory to infection in vitro, local environmental factors within lymphoid and mucosal tissues such as cytokines facilitate viral replication while maintaining the resting state. These factors can be utilized in vitro to study HIV-1 replication in resting CD4 T cells. In vivo, the migration of resting naïve and central memory T cells into lymphoid tissues is dependent upon expression of CD62L (L-selectin), a receptor that is subsequently down-modulated following T cell activation. CD62L gene transcription is maintained in resting T cells by Foxo1 and KLF2, transcription factors that maintain T cell quiescence and which regulate additional cellular processes including survival, migration, and differentiation. Here we report that HIV-1 down-modulates CD62L in productively infected naïve and memory resting CD4 T cells while suppressing Foxo1 activity and the expression of KLF2 mRNA. Partial T cell activation was further evident as an increase in CD69 expression. Several other Foxo1- and KLF2-regulated mRNA were increased or decreased in productively infected CD4 T cells, including IL-7rα, Myc, CCR5, Fam65b, S1P1 (EDG1), CD52, Cyclin D2 and p21CIP1, indicating a profound reprogramming of these cells. The Foxo1 inhibitor AS1842856 accelerated de novo viral gene expression and the sequella of infection, supporting the notion that HIV-1 suppression of Foxo1 activity may be a strategy to promote replication in resting CD4 T cells. As Foxo1 is an investigative cancer therapy target, the development of Foxo1 interventions may assist the quest to specifically suppress or activate HIV-1 replication in vivo.
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41
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Sun Y, Zhu X, Chen X, Liu H, Xu Y, Chu Y, Wang G, Liu X. The mediator subunit Med23 contributes to controlling T-cell activation and prevents autoimmunity. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5225. [PMID: 25301163 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell activation is critical for successful immune responses and is controlled at multiple levels. Although many changes of T-cell receptor-associated signalling molecules affect T-cell activation, the transcriptional mechanisms that control this process remain largely unknown. Here we find that T cell-specific deletion of the mediator subunit Med23 leads to hyperactivation of T cells and aged Med23-deficient mice exhibit an autoimmune syndrome. Med23 specifically and consistently promotes the transcription of multiple negative regulators of T-cell activation. In the absence of Med23, the T-cell activation threshold is lower, which results in enhanced antitumour T-cell function. Cumulatively, our data suggest that Med23 contributes to controlling T-cell activation at the transcriptional level and prevents the development of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xufeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yajing Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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42
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Manoharan P, Basford JE, Pilcher-Roberts R, Neumann J, Hui DY, Lingrel JB. Reduced levels of microRNAs miR-124a and miR-150 are associated with increased proinflammatory mediator expression in Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2)-deficient macrophages. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31638-46. [PMID: 25248747 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.579763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the myeloid-specific deficiency of the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) accelerates atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic Ldlr(-/-) mice due to the enhanced adhesion of myeloid cells to activated endothelial cells in the vessel wall. This study revealed elevated basal inflammation with elevated plasma levels of Ccl2, Ccl4, Ccl5, and Ccl11 in the myeloid-specific KLF2 knock-out (myeKlf2(-/-)) mice. Peritoneal macrophages isolated from myeKlf2(-/-) mice showed increased mRNA levels of several inflammatory mediators, including Ccl2, Ccl5, Ccl7, Cox-2, Cxcl1, and IL-6. In contrast, the levels of two microRNAs, miR-124a and miR-150, were lower in Klf2(-/-) macrophages compared with Klf2(+/+) macrophages. Additional studies showed a direct inverse relationship between miR-124a levels with Ccl2 expression, with anti-miR-124a increasing Ccl2 mRNA levels in Klf2(+/+) macrophages, whereas the restoration of miR-124a levels in Klf2(-/-) macrophages significantly reduced Ccl2 mRNA expression. Likewise, the inverse relationship was observed between miR-150 levels and Cxcl1 expression in Klf2(+/+) and Klf2(-/-) mice. Moreover, miR150 likely regulates the miR124a expression and thus augments expression of inflammatory mediators in myeKlf2(-/-) macrophages. This study documented that the transcription factor KLF2 modulates inflammatory chemokine production via regulation of microRNA expression levels in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua E Basford
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | | | - Jonathan Neumann
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology and
| | - David Y Hui
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Jerry B Lingrel
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology and
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Winkelmann R, Sandrock L, Kirberg J, Jäck HM, Schuh W. KLF2--a negative regulator of pre-B cell clonal expansion and B cell activation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97953. [PMID: 24874925 PMCID: PMC4038547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Maturation as well as antigen-dependent activation of B cells is accompanied by alternating phases of proliferation and quiescence. We and others have previously shown that Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), a regulator of T cell quiescence and migration, is upregulated in small resting precursor (pre)-B cells after assembly of the immature pre-B cell receptor (pre-BCR) and is downregulated upon antigen-induced proliferation of mature B cells. These findings suggest that KLF2, besides its function in maintaining follicular B cell identity, peripheral B cell homeostasis and homing of antigen-specific plasma cells to the bone marrow, also controls clonal expansion phases in the B cell lineage. Here, we demonstrate that enforced expression of KLF2 in primary pre-B cells results in a severe block of pre-BCR-induced proliferation, upregulation of the cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27 and downregulation of c-myc. Furthermore, retroviral KLF2 transduction of primary B cells impairs LPS-induced activation, favors apoptosis and results in reduced abundance of factors, such as AID, IRF4 and BLIMP1, that control the antigen-dependent phase of B cell activation and plasma cell differentiation. Hence, we conclude that KLF2 is not only a key player in terminating pre-B cell clonal expansion but also a potent suppressor of B cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Winkelmann
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Sandrock
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Kirberg
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Wan YY. GATA3: a master of many trades in immune regulation. Trends Immunol 2014; 35:233-42. [PMID: 24786134 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
GATA3 has conventionally been regarded as a transcription factor that drives the differentiation of T helper (Th) 2 cells. Increasing evidence points to a function for GATA3 beyond controlling Th2 differentiation. GATA3 regulates T cell development, proliferation, and maintenance. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated important roles for GATA3 in innate lymphoid cells. Thus, GATA3 emerges as a factor with diverse functions in immune regulation, which are in some cases cell-type specific and in others shared by multiple cell types. Here, I discuss recent discoveries and the current understanding of the functions of GATA3 in immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisong Y Wan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Jain MK, Sangwung P, Hamik A. Regulation of an inflammatory disease: Krüppel-like factors and atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:499-508. [PMID: 24526695 PMCID: PMC5539879 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This invited review summarizes work presented in the Russell Ross lecture delivered at the 2012 proceedings of the American Heart Association. We begin with a brief overview of the structural, cellular, and molecular biology of Krüppel-like factors. We then focus on discoveries during the past decade, implicating Krüppel-like factors as key determinants of vascular cell function in atherosclerotic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh K. Jain
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Panjamaporn Sangwung
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anne Hamik
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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Valencia-Hipόlito A, Hernández-Atenógenes M, Vega GG, Maldonado-Valenzuela A, Ramon G, Mayani H, Peña Alonso Y, Martinez-Maza O, Méndez-Tenorio A, Huerta-Yepez S, Bonavida B, Vega MI. Expression of KLF4 is a predictive marker for survival in pediatric Burkitt lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:1806-14. [PMID: 24067139 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.848437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is expressed in a variety of tissues with diverse physiological functions and activities. KLF4 can also function as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene, depending on the cellular context. Its role in hematological malignancies is controversial. This study examined the expression levels of KLF4 by immunohistochemistry in 73 pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) in a tissue microarray and also on several B-NHL cell lines. Elevated levels of KLF4 expression were detected in 66% of lymphoma cases and were more frequent in the Burkitt lymphoma (p = 0.05) subtype. There was a significant predictive power for outcome with low KLF4 expression, predicting a favorable overall survival compared to high levels. Multivariate analyses confirmed the association of KLF4 expression with unfavorable overall survival (p < 0.005). These findings were consistent with analyses in existing NHL microarray datasets. The present findings revealed that KLF4 is overexpressed in Burkitt pediatric lymphoma and is a potential biomarker for inferior overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Valencia-Hipόlito
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Siglo XXI National Medical Center , IMSS, Mexico City , Mexico
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Novodvorsky P, Chico TJ. The Role of the Transcription Factor KLF2 in Vascular Development and Disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 124:155-88. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386930-2.00007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Delmastro-Greenwood MM, Votyakova T, Goetzman E, Marre ML, Previte DM, Tovmasyan A, Batinic-Haberle I, Trucco MM, Piganelli JD. Mn porphyrin regulation of aerobic glycolysis: implications on the activation of diabetogenic immune cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1902-15. [PMID: 23682840 PMCID: PMC3931434 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The immune system is critical for protection against infections and cancer, but requires scrupulous regulation to limit self-reactivity and autoimmunity. Our group has utilized a manganese porphyrin catalytic antioxidant (MnTE-2-PyP(5+), MnP) as a potential immunoregulatory therapy for type 1 diabetes. MnP has previously been shown to modulate diabetogenic immune responses through decreases in proinflammatory cytokine production from antigen-presenting cells and T cells and to reduce diabetes onset in nonobese diabetic mice. However, it is unclear whether or not MnP treatment can act beyond the reported inflammatory mediators. Therefore, the hypothesis that MnP may be affecting the redox-dependent bioenergetics of diabetogenic splenocytes was investigated. RESULTS MnP treatment enhanced glucose oxidation, reduced fatty acid oxidation, but only slightly decreased overall oxidative phosphorylation. These alterations occurred because of increased tricarboxylic acid cycle aconitase enzyme efficiency and were not due to changes in mitochondrial abundance. MnP treatment also displayed decreased aerobic glycolysis, which promotes activated immune cell proliferation, as demonstrated by reduced lactate production and glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) levels and inactivation of key signaling molecules, such as mammalian target of rapamycin, c-myc, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. INNOVATION This work highlights the importance of redox signaling by demonstrating that modulation of reactive oxygen species can supplant complex downstream regulation, thus affecting metabolic programming toward aerobic glycolysis. CONCLUSION MnP treatment promotes metabolic quiescence, impeding diabetogenic autoimmune responses by restricting the metabolic pathways for energy production and affecting anabolic processes necessary for cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan M Delmastro-Greenwood
- 1 Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Pediatrics, Rangos Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Preston GC, Feijoo-Carnero C, Schurch N, Cowling VH, Cantrell DA. The impact of KLF2 modulation on the transcriptional program and function of CD8 T cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77537. [PMID: 24155966 PMCID: PMC3796494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is a transcription factor that is highly expressed in quiescent T lymphocytes and downregulated in effector T cells. We now show that antigen receptor engagement downregulates KLF2 expression in a graded response determined by the affinity of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) ligand and the integrated activation of protein kinase B and the MAP kinases ERK1/2. The present study explores the importance of KLF2 downregulation and reveals that the loss of KLF2 controls a select portion of the CD8 effector T cell transcriptional program. In particular, KLF2 loss is required for CD8 T cells to express the inflammatory chemokine receptor CXCR3 and for maximum clonal expansion of T cells. KLF2 thus negatively controls the ability of CD8 T cells to respond to the CXCR3 ligand CXCL10. Strikingly, the KLF2 threshold for restraining expression of CXCR3 is very low and quite distinct to the KLF2 threshold for restraining T cell proliferation. KLF2 is thus an analogue (tunable) not a digital (on/off) cellular switch where the magnitude of KLF2 expression differentially modifies the T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin C. Preston
- Department of Cell Signalling & Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Feijoo-Carnero
- Department of Cell Signalling & Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Schurch
- Data Analysis Group, Department of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria H. Cowling
- Department of Cell Signalling & Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Doreen A. Cantrell
- Department of Cell Signalling & Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Rosenzweig JM, Glenn JD, Calabresi PA, Whartenby KA. KLF4 modulates expression of IL-6 in dendritic cells via both promoter activation and epigenetic modification. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:23868-74. [PMID: 23846700 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.479576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiation and maintenance of the immune response require a coordinated regulation of signal transduction pathways. Identifying the mechanisms by which these pathways are controlled and modulated is a significant goal of immunology. In the present report, we show a novel role for the zinc finger transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in the modulation of the inflammatory immune response via its regulation of IL-6. We analyzed the role of KLF4 in the production of IL-6 by dendritic cells. Our data indicate that KLF4 can act in a dual function manner. It acts as a transcription factor in that it can bind to and activate the IL-6 promoter at specific binding sites. KLF4 also has a role in the chromatin remodeling of the IL-6 promoter in that cells deficient in KLF4 exhibited a relative hypoacetylation. These results indicate a molecular role for KLF4 in modulating the intensity of the inflammatory response and help to explain its pleiotropic role in different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Rosenzweig
- Departments of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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