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Marques SM, Melo MR, Zoccal DB, Menani JV, Colombari DSA, Ferreira-Neto ML, Xavier CH, Colombari E, Pedrino GR. Acute inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in the commissural nucleus of the solitary tract reduces arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity in renovascular hypertension. J Hypertens 2023; 41:1634-1644. [PMID: 37466439 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a role in the pathophysiology of hypertension. However, the involvement of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the commissural nucleus of the solitary tract (commNTS) in development the of hypertension remains unclear. METHOD We evaluated the hemodynamic and sympathetic responses to acute inhibition of NADPH oxidase in the commNTS in renovascular hypertensive rats. Under anesthesia, male Holtzman rats were implanted with a silver clip around the left renal artery to induce 2-kidney 1-clip (2K1C) hypertension. After six weeks, these rats were anesthetized and instrumented for recording mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal blood flow (RBF), renal vascular resistance (RVR), and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) during baseline and after injection of apocynin (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor), NSC 23766 (RAC inhibitor) or saline into the commNTS. RESULTS Apocynin into the commNTS decreased MAP, RSNA, and RVR in 2K1C rats. NSC 23766 into the commNTS decreased MAP and RSNA, without changing RVR in 2K1C rats. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the formation of ROS in the commNTS is important to maintain sympathoexcitation and hypertension in 2K1C rats and suggest that NADPH oxidase in the commNTS could be a potential target for therapeutics in renovascular hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanne M Marques
- Center for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Research, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Mariana R Melo
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel B Zoccal
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - José V Menani
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Débora S A Colombari
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Marcos L Ferreira-Neto
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia
| | - Carlos H Xavier
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratory. Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Colombari
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R Pedrino
- Center for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Research, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO
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Pontes RB, Colombari DSA, De Paula PM, Colombari E, Andrade CAF, De Luca LA, Menani JV. Sympathetic and angiotensinergic activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. Auton Neurosci 2023; 248:103107. [PMID: 37454409 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2023.103107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that the pressor response to intracerebroventricular (icv) administered ANG II in normotensive rats or spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) is attenuated by increased central H2O2 concentration, produced either by direct H2O2 icv injection or by increased endogenous H2O2 centrally in response to local catalase inhibition with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATZ). In the present study, we evaluated the effects of ATZ administered peripherally on arterial pressure and sympathetic and angiotensinergic activity in SHRs. Male SHRs weighing 280-330 g were used. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded in conscious freely moving SHRs. Acute intravenous injection of ATZ (300 mg/kg of body weight) did not modify MAP and HR during the next 4 h, however, the treatment with ATZ (300 mg/kg of body weight twice per day) for 3 days reduced MAP (144 ± 6, vs. saline, 183 ± 13 mmHg), without changing HR. Intravenous hexamethonium (ganglionic blocker) produced a smaller decrease in MAP 4 h after ATZ (-25 ± 3, vs saline -38 ± 4 mmHg). Losartan (angiotensinergic AT1 receptor blocker) produced a significant depressor response 4 h after ATZ (-22 ± 4, vs. saline: -2 ± 4 mmHg) and in 3-day ATZ treated SHRs (-25 ± 5, vs. saline: -9 ± 4 mmHg). The results suggest that the treatment with ATZ reduces sympathetic activity in SHRs and simultaneously increases angiotensinergic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Braz Pontes
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora S A Colombari
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M De Paula
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Colombari
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carina A F Andrade
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Laurival A De Luca
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - José V Menani
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Kishi T. Clarification of hypertension mechanisms provided by the research of central circulatory regulation. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:1908-1916. [PMID: 37277436 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01335-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sympathoexcitation, under the regulatory control of the brain, plays a pivotal role in the etiology of hypertension. Within the brainstem, significant structures involved in the modulation of sympathetic nerve activity include the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM), nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), and paraventricular nucleus (paraventricular). The RVLM, in particular, is recognized as the vasomotor center. Over the past five decades, fundamental investigations on central circulatory regulation have underscored the involvement of nitric oxide (NO), oxidative stress, the renin-angiotensin system, and brain inflammation in regulating the sympathetic nervous system. Notably, numerous significant findings have come to light through chronic experiments conducted in conscious subjects employing radio-telemetry systems, gene transfer techniques, and knockout methodologies. Our research has centered on elucidating the role of NO and angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor-induced oxidative stress within the RVLM and NTS in regulating the sympathetic nervous system. Additionally, we have observed that various orally administered AT1 receptor blockers effectively induce sympathoinhibition by reducing oxidative stress via blockade of the AT1 receptor in the RVLM of hypertensive rats. Recent advances have witnessed the development of several clinical interventions targeting brain mechanisms. Nonetheless, Future and further basic and clinical research are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kishi
- Department of Graduate School of Medicine (Cardiology), International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa, Japan.
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4
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Kopp W. Pathogenesis of (smoking-related) non-communicable diseases-Evidence for a common underlying pathophysiological pattern. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1037750. [PMID: 36589440 PMCID: PMC9798240 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1037750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases, like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, osteoporosis, arthritis, Alzheimer's disease and other more are a leading cause of death in almost all countries. Lifestyle factors, especially poor diet and tobacco consumption, are considered to be the most important influencing factors in the development of these diseases. The Western diet has been shown to cause a significant distortion of normal physiology, characterized by dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system, renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, and immune system, as well as disruption of physiological insulin and oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis, all of which play critical roles in the development of these diseases. This paper addresses the question of whether the development of smoking-related non-communicable diseases follows the same pathophysiological pattern. The evidence presented shows that exposure to cigarette smoke and/or nicotine causes the same complex dysregulation of physiology as described above, it further shows that the factors involved are strongly interrelated, and that all of these factors play a key role in the development of a broad spectrum of smoking-related diseases. Since not all smokers develop one or more of these diseases, it is proposed that this disruption of normal physiological balance represents a kind of pathogenetic "basic toolkit" for the potential development of a range of non-communicable diseases, and that the decision of whether and what disease will develop in an individual is determined by other, individual factors ("determinants"), such as the genome, epigenome, exposome, microbiome, and others. The common pathophysiological pattern underlying these diseases may provide an explanation for the often poorly understood links between non-communicable diseases and disease comorbidities. The proposed pathophysiological process offers new insights into the development of non-communicable diseases and may influence the direction of future research in both prevention and therapy.
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Chaihongsa N, Maneesai P, Sangartit W, Rattanakanokchai S, Potue P, Khamseekaew J, Bunbupha S, Pakdeechote P. Cardiorenal dysfunction and hypertrophy induced by renal artery occlusion are normalized by galangin treatment in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113231. [PMID: 35687907 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Galangin is a polyphenolic compound found in Alpinia officinarum and propolis. This study investigated the effect of galangin on blood pressure, the renin angiotensin system (RAS), cardiac and kidney alterations and oxidative stress in two-kidney one-clipped (2K-1C) hypertensive rats. Hypertension was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats (180-220 g), and the rats were given galangin (30 and 60 mg/kg) and losartan (10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks (n = 8/group). Galangin decreased hypertension and cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy, which was related to the reducing circulation angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and angiotensin II concentration (p < 0.05). These effects were consistent with the reduced overexpression of angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and collagen type I (Col I) protein in cardiac tissue (p < 0.05). Additionally, renal artery occlusion, procedure-induced kidney dysfunction and fibrosis were attenuated in the galangin-treated group. Galangin treatment normalized the overexpression of AT1R and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox-4) protein and normalized the downregulation of nuclear factor-erythroid Factor 2-related Factor 2 (Nrf-2) and haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in 2K-1C rats (p < 0.05). Galangin exhibited antioxidative effects, as it reduced systemic and tissue oxidative stress markers and increased catalase activity in 2K-1C rats (p < 0.05). In conclusion, galangin attenuated hypertension, renin-angiotensin system activation, cardiorenal damage and oxidative stress induced by renal artery stenosis in rats. These effects might be associated with modulation of the expression of AT1R, TGF-β1 and Col I protein in the heart as well as AT1R/Nox-4 and Nrf-2/HO-1 protein in renal tissue in hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisita Chaihongsa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Weerapon Sangartit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | | | - Prapassorn Potue
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Juthamas Khamseekaew
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Sarawoot Bunbupha
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand.
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Iampanichakul M, Poasakate A, Potue P, Rattanakanokchai S, Maneesai P, Prachaney P, Settheetham-Ishida W, Pakdeechote P. Nobiletin resolves left ventricular and renal changes in 2K-1C hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9289. [PMID: 35662276 PMCID: PMC9166784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of nobiletin on cardiorenal changes and the underlying mechanisms involved in two-kidney, one-clip (2K-1C) hypertension. 2K-1C rats were treated with nobiletin (15 or 30 mg/kg/day) or losartan (10 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks (n = 8/group). Nobiletin (30 mg/kg) reduced high levels of blood pressure and circulating angiotensin II and angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in 2K-1C rats. Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and remodelling in 2K-1C rats were alleviated in the nobiletin-treated group (P < 0.05). Nobiletin reduced the upregulation of Ang II type I receptor (AT1R)/JAK (Janus kinase)/STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) protein expression in cardiac tissue of 2K-1C rats (P < 0.05). The reduction in kidney function, and accumulation of renal fibrosis in 2K-1C rats were alleviated by nobiletin (P < 0.05). Overexpression of AT1R and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) protein in nonclipped kidney tissue was suppressed in the nobiletin-treated group (P < 0.05). The elevations in oxidative stress parameters and the reductions in antioxidant enzymes were attenuated in 2K-1C rats treated with nobiletin (P < 0.05). In summary, nobiletin had renin-angiotensin system inhibitory and antioxidant effects and attenuated LV dysfunction and remodelling via restoration of the AT1R/JAK/STAT pathway. Nobiletin also resolved renal damage that was related to modulation of the AT1R/Nox4 cascade in 2K-1C hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metee Iampanichakul
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Anuson Poasakate
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Prapassorn Potue
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Siwayu Rattanakanokchai
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Putcharawipa Maneesai
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Parichat Prachaney
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Wannapa Settheetham-Ishida
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
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Lopes FNC, da Cunha NV, de Campos BH, Fattori V, Panis C, Cecchini R, Verri WA, Pinge-Filho P, Martins-Pinge MC. Antioxidant therapy reverses sympathetic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and hypertension in male hyperadipose rats. Life Sci 2022; 295:120405. [PMID: 35181311 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is the main sympathetic output of the central nervous system to control blood pressure. Reportedly, reactive oxygen species (ROS) can increase arterial pressure, leading to hypertension. As ROS increase the sympathetic tone in RVLM and obese animals present grater oxidative stress, it would be important to note this relationship. MAIN METHODS Therefore, we evaluated the systemic and central effects (in the RVLM) of vitamin C (vit C, an antioxidant) on the redox balance and cardiovascular and autonomic profiles in hyperadipose male rats. We also evaluated the neurotransmission by L-glutamate (L-glu) and vit C in the RVLM of awake hyperadipose rats. KEY FINDINGS Our study confirmed that hyperadipose rats were hypertensive and tachycardic, presented increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic modulation of the heart, and had increased plasma lipoperoxidation compared with the control rats (CTR). Oral vitamin C treatment reverted cardiovascular, autonomic, and plasma redox dysfunction. Hyperadipose rats presented a higher blood pressure increase after L-glu microinjection and a lower response to vit C in the RVLM compared with the CTR group. Biochemical analysis of redox balance in RVLM punches showed that hyperadipose rats have increased NBT and T-BARS, and after treatment with vit C, the oxidative profile decreased. The antioxidative activity of vit C reduced the amount of ROS in the RVLM area that might have resulted in lowered blood pressure and sympathetic modulation. SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggest central and peripheral benefits of vit C treatment on cardiovascular, autonomic, and oxidative dysfunctions in hyperadipose animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Novi Cortegoso Lopes
- Departament of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Natália Veronez da Cunha
- Departament of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Blenda Hyedra de Campos
- Departament of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Victor Fattori
- Departament of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Carolina Panis
- Tumor Biology Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, State University of Western Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rubens Cecchini
- Departament of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu Aparecido Verri
- Departament of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Phileno Pinge-Filho
- Departament of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Marli Cardoso Martins-Pinge
- Departament of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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Pereira BP, do Vale GT, Ceron CS. The role of nitric oxide in renovascular hypertension: from the pathophysiology to the treatment. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:121-131. [PMID: 34994823 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Renovascular hypertension is one of the most relevant causes of secondary hypertension, mostly caused by atherosclerotic renovascular stenosis or fibromuscular dysplasia. The increase in angiotensin II production, oxidative stress, and formation of peroxynitrite promotes the decrease in nitric oxide (NO) availability and the development of hypertension, renal and endothelial dysfunction, and cardiac and vascular remodeling. The NO produced by nitric oxide synthases (NOS) acts as a vasodilator; however, endothelial NOS uncoupling (eNOS) also contributes to NO reduced availability in renovascular hypertension. NO donors and NO-derived metabolites have been investigated in experimental renovascular hypertension and have shown promissory effects in attenuating blood pressure and organ damage in this condition. Therefore, understanding the role of decreased NO in the pathophysiology of renovascular hypertension promotes the study and development of NO donors and molecules that can be converted into NO (such as nitrate and nitrite), contributing for the treatment of this condition in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Pinheiro Pereira
- Departamento de Alimentos E Medicamentos, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Tavares do Vale
- Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas E da Saúde, Universidade Do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carla Speroni Ceron
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
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Inflammation and Oxidative Damage in Ischaemic Renal Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060845. [PMID: 34070611 PMCID: PMC8227971 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic renal disease as result of atherosclerotic renovascular disease activates a complex biological response that ultimately leads to fibrosis and chronic kidney disease. Large randomised control trials have shown that renal revascularisation in patients with atherosclerotic renal artery disease does not confer any additional benefit to medical therapy alone. This is likely related to the activation of complex pathways of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis due to atherosclerotic disease and hypoxic injury due to reduced renal blood flow. New evidence from pre-clinical trials now indicates a role for specific targeted therapeutic interventions to counteract this complex pathogenesis. This evidence now suggests that the focus for those with atherosclerotic renovascular disease should be a combination of revascularisation and renoprotective therapies that target the renal tissue response to ischaemia, reduce the inflammatory infiltrate and prevent or reduce the fibrosis.
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10
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Corrêa JWDN, Prado CM, Riul ME, Araújo AV, Rossi MA, Bendhack LM. Reversion of cardiovascular remodelling in renovascular hypertensive 2K-1C rats by renin-angiotensin system inhibitors. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1965-1977. [PMID: 32688435 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate whether the RAS dual blockade would induce additional beneficial effects on cardiovascular remodelling when compared to monotherapy in renal hypertensive two kidneys-one clip (2K-1C) rats. METHODS Hypertensive 2K-1C and normotensive (2K) rats were treated for 14 days with submaximal doses of losartan (LOS), enalapril (ENA), losartan plus enalapril (LOS + ENA) or vehicle (water). Blood pressure and some parameters of cardiovascular remodelling were evaluated. RESULTS Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was higher in 2K-1C (209 ± 3 mm Hg, P < .05) than in 2K (113 ± 1 mm Hg) rats. There was an additional effect in 2K-1C treated with LOS + ENA (153 ± 9 mm Hg) on lowering SBP when compared to LOS (184 ± 12 mm Hg) or ENA (177 ± 9 mm Hg). None of the treatments had effect on SBP in 2K rats. In 2K-1C, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was reduced by all treatments, although the cardiac hypertrophy indexes remained unchanged. 2K-1C aortas presented medial thickening that was partially reduced by the treatments. Intimal hyperplasia observed in 2K-1C (15.56 ± 0.89 µm vs 8.24 ± 0.80 µm) was reversed by ENA (9.52 ± 0.45 µm) or LOS + ENA (8.17 ± 0.53 µm). Collagen deposition was increased in 2K-1C hearts (1.77 ± 0.16 vs 1.28 ± 0.09) and aortas (8.1 ± 0.6 vs 5.2 ± 0.2). Treatment with LOS reduced (1.12 ± 0.14%) and ENA (0.81 ± 0.11%) or LOS + ENA (0.86 ± 0.11%) additionally diminished collagen only in 2K-1C hearts. CONCLUSIONS Submaximal doses of ACEi and/or ARB have inhibitory actions on cardiac remodelling and vascular hypertrophy not entirely dependent on their effects on blood pressure normalization in renovascular hypertensive rats. Combined therapy produced additional reduction in blood pressure than monotherapy despite a similar inhibition on cardiovascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cibele Maria Prado
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Elena Riul
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alice Valença Araújo
- Nucleus of Public Health, Academic Center of Vitória (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antonio Rossi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lusiane Maria Bendhack
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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12
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Lima TC, Barbosa MA, Costa DC, Becker LK, Cardoso LM, Alzamora AC. Fitness is improved by adjustments in muscle intracellular signaling in rats with renovascular hypertension 2K1C undergoing voluntary physical exercise. Life Sci 2020; 250:117549. [PMID: 32179073 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate physical fitness and cardiovascular effects in rats with renovascular hypertension, two kidneys, one clip (2K1C) submitted to voluntary exercise (ExV). MAIN METHODS 24 h after surgery (SHAM and 2K1C) rats were submitted to ExV for one week (adaptation). ExV adherent rats were separated into exercise (2K1C-EX and SHAM-EX) or sedentary (2K1C-SED and SHAM-SED) groups. After 4 weeks, exhaustion test, plasma lactate, cardiovascular parameters were evaluated and gastrocnemius muscle was removed for evaluation of gene expression of muscle metabolism markers (PGC1α; AMPK, SIRT-1, UCP-3; MCP-1; LDH) and of the redox process. KEY FINDINGS ExV decreased blood lactate concentration and increased SOD and CAT activity and a SIRT-1 and UCP-3 gene expression in the gastrocnemius muscle of 2K1C-ExV rats compared to 2K1C-SED rats. Gene expressions of PGC1α, UCP-3, MCT-1, AMPK were higher in 2K1C-ExV rats compared to SHAM-SED rats. Blood pressure in 2K1C-ExV was lower compared to 2K1C-SED and higher in SHAM-SED rats. Reflex bradycardia in 2K1C-EX rats increased compared to 2K1C-SED and was similar to SHAM-SED. The variation in mean blood pressure induced by ganglion blocker hexamethonium and Ang II AT1 receptor antagonist, losartan in the 2K1C-ExV rats was smaller compared to the 2K1C-SED rats and it was similar to the SHAM-SED rats. SIGNIFICANCE O ExV induced adaptive responses in 2K1C-ExV rats by decreasing sympathetic and Ang II activities and stimulating intracellular signaling that favors redox balance and reduced blood lactate concentration. These adaptive responses, then, contribute to reduced arterial pressure, improved baroreflex sensitivity and physical fitness of 2K1C rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taynara Carolina Lima
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas-Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Andrea Barbosa
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas-Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniela Caldeira Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas-Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Lenice Kappes Becker
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas-Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Máximo Cardoso
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas-Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Andréia Carvalho Alzamora
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas-Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
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Anti-hypertensive effect of hydrogen peroxide acting centrally. Hypertens Res 2020; 43:1192-1203. [PMID: 32461634 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-020-0474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or the increase of endogenous H2O2 centrally produced by catalase inhibition with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATZ) injected icv reduces the pressor responses to central angiotensin II (ANG II) in normotensive rats. In the present study, we investigated the changes in the arterial pressure and in the pressor responses to ANG II icv in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats treated with H2O2 injected icv or ATZ injected icv or intravenously (iv). Adult male SHRs or Holtzman rats (n = 5-10/group) with stainless steel cannulas implanted in the lateral ventricle were used. In freely moving rats, H2O2 (5 μmol/1 μl) or ATZ (5 nmol/1 μl) icv reduced the pressor responses to ANG II (50 ng/1 µl) icv in SHRs (11 ± 3 and 17 ± 4 mmHg, respectively, vs. 35 ± 6 mmHg) and 2K1C hypertensive rats (3 ± 1 and 16 ± 3 mmHg, respectively, vs. 26 ± 2 mmHg). ATZ (3.6 mmol/kg of body weight) iv alone or combined with H2O2 icv also reduced icv ANG II-induced pressor response in SHRs and 2K1C hypertensive rats. Baseline arterial pressure was also reduced (-10 to -15 mmHg) in 2K1C hypertensive rats treated with H2O2 icv and ATZ iv alone or combined and in SHRs treated with H2O2 icv alone or combined with ATZ iv. The results suggest that exogenous or endogenous H2O2 acting centrally produces anti-hypertensive effects impairing central pressor mechanisms activated by ANG II in SHRs or 2K1C hypertensive rats.
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Ferraz LR, Moreira BC, de Queiroz GDSR, Formigari RDF, Esquisatto MAM, Felonato M, Alves AA, Thomazini BF, de Oliveira CA. Tissue-specific transcriptional regulation of epithelial/endothelial and mesenchymal markers during renovascular hypertension. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4467-4476. [PMID: 31702037 PMCID: PMC6797995 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition are processes that can occur under different biological conditions, including tissue healing due to hypertension and oxidative stress. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the differences in gene expression of epithelial/endothelial and mesenchymal markers in different tissues. A two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertension rat model was used. Hypertension was induced by the clipping of the left renal artery; the rats were randomized into sham and 2K1C groups and monitored for up to 4 weeks. The gene expressions of E-cadherin (E-cad), N-cadherin (N-cad), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I (COL1A1), collagen III (COL3A1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were determined by reverse transcription-PCR. The levels of the cytokines transforming growth factor-β1, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6 and IL-10 were evaluated using ELISAs. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and thiol groups were measured to evaluate oxidative stress. All analyses were performed on the liver, heart and kidneys tissues of sham and model rats. The 2K1C animals exhibited a higher systolic blood pressure, as well as cardiac hypertrophy and atrophy of the left kidney. Fibrotic alterations in the heart and kidneys were observed, as was an increase in the collagen fiber areas, and higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, which are associated with the increased expression of fibroproliferative and anti-fibrotic genes. Renovascular hypertension regulated epithelial/endothelial and mesenchymal markers, including E-cad, N-cad, α-SMA and COL1A1 in the kidneys and heart. EMT in the kidneys was mediated by an increased level of inflammatory and profibrotic cytokines, as well as by oxidative stress. The data in the present study suggested that the expression of epithelial/endothelial and mesenchymal markers are differentially regulated by hypertension in the liver, heart and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Ricardo Ferraz
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of the Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Araras, São Paulo 13607-339, Brazil
| | - Bianca Caruso Moreira
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of the Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Araras, São Paulo 13607-339, Brazil
| | | | - Regiane de Freitas Formigari
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of the Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Araras, São Paulo 13607-339, Brazil
| | | | - Maira Felonato
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of the Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Araras, São Paulo 13607-339, Brazil
| | - Armindo Antonio Alves
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of the Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Araras, São Paulo 13607-339, Brazil
| | - Bruna Fontana Thomazini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of the Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Araras, São Paulo 13607-339, Brazil
| | - Camila Andréa de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of the Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Araras, São Paulo 13607-339, Brazil
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Control of renal sympathetic nerve activity by neurotransmitters in the spinal cord in Goldblatt hypertension. Brain Res 2018; 1698:43-53. [PMID: 29935157 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of spinal cord neurons in renal sympathoexcitation remains unclear in renovascular hypertension, represented by the 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) model. Thus, we aimed to assess the influence of spinal glutamatergic and AT1 angiotensin II receptors on renal sympathetic nerve activity (rSNA) in 2K1C Wistar rats. Hypertension was induced by clipping the renal artery with a silver clip. After six weeks, a catheter (PE-10) was inserted into the subarachnoid space and advanced to the T10-11 vertebral level in urethane-anaesthetized rats. The effects of intrathecally (i.t.) injected kynurenic acid (KYN) or losartan (Los) on blood pressure (BP) and rSNA were analysed over 2 consecutive hours. KYN induced a significantly larger drop in rSNA among 2K1C rats than among control (CTL) rats (CTL vs. 2K1C: -8 ± 3 vs. -52 ± 9 spikes/s after 120'). Los also evoked a significantly larger drop in rSNA among 2K1C rats than among CTL rats starting at 80' after administration (CTL vs. 2K1C - 80 min: -10 ± 2 vs. -32 ± 6∗; 100 min: -15 ± 4 vs. -37 ± 9∗; 120 min: -12 ± 5 vs. -37 ± 8∗ spikes/s). KYN decreased BP similarly in the CTL and 2K1C groups; however, Los significantly decreased BP in the 2K1C group only. We found upregulation of AT1 gene expression in the T11-12 spinal segments in the 2K1C group but no change in gene expression for AT2 or ionotropic glutamate (NMDA, kainate and AMPA) receptors. Thus, our data show that spinal ionotropic glutamatergic and AT1 receptors contribute to increased rSNA in the 2K1C model, leading to the maintenance of hypertension; however, the participation of spinal AT1 receptors seems to be especially important in the establishment of sympathoexcitation in this model. The origins of those projections, i.e., the brain areas involved in establishing the activity of spinal glutamatergic and angiotensinergic pathways, remain unclear.
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Albertoni Borghese MF, Hope S, Ortiz MDC, Barchuk M, Kessler C, Davio C, Vatta M, Majowicz M. Altered expression of Aquaporin-2 in one-kidney, one-clip hypertension. Life Sci 2018; 208:72-78. [PMID: 30009821 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the present study was to evaluate the regulation of Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channel in the kidney of one-kidney, one-clip rats (Goldblatt-1 model). In addition, some mechanisms that underlie the role of AQP2 in the Goldblatt-1 model were evaluated. MAIN METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided in three groups: control two-kidney, no clip (C, 2 K-NC); nephrectomized one-kidney, no clip (N, 1 K-NC) and Goldblatt one-kidney, one-clip (G, 1 K-1C). AQP2 expression (by westernblot, real time PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence), vasopressin V2 receptor expression (by real time PCR), cAMP concentration, NFkB and TonEBP (cytosol to nucleus ratio) were evaluated in the renal medulla. KEY FINDINGS AQP2 expression, V2 receptor expression and cAMP concentration were decreased in the renal medulla of 1 K-1C rats, NFkB translocation was favoured towards the nucleus suggesting its activation while TonEBP translocation was not altered in this model of hypertension. SIGNIFICANCE In this model of hypertension the decrease of AQP2 expression could be a mechanism that counteracts the high blood pressure promoting water excretion and this may be consequence of decreased vasopressin sensitivity and/or the increased activity of NFkB at renomedullary collecting duct level. Given that renovascular hypertension is among the most common causes of secondary hypertension, it is important to elucidate all the relevant mechanisms involved in the generation or in the compensation of the hypertensive state in order to improve the diagnoses and treatment of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Florencia Albertoni Borghese
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Hope
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Fisiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Del Carmen Ortiz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Magalí Barchuk
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Kessler
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Davio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Farmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Vatta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Fisiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Majowicz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Wunpathe C, Potue P, Maneesai P, Bunbupha S, Prachaney P, Kukongviriyapan U, Kukongviriyapan V, Pakdeechote P. Hesperidin Suppresses Renin-Angiotensin System Mediated NOX2 Over-Expression and Sympathoexcitation in 2K-1C Hypertensive Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:751-767. [PMID: 29754503 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hesperidin, a flavonoid derived from citrus fruits, possesses several beneficial effects including anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hesperidin on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) cascade that mediated oxidative stress and sympathoexcitation in two-kidney, one-clipped (2K-1C) hypertensive rats. 2K-1C hypertension was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Hypertensive rats were treated with hesperidin at 20[Formula: see text]mg/kg or 40[Formula: see text]mg/kg or losartan at 10[Formula: see text]mg/kg beginning at three weeks after surgery and then continued for four weeks ([Formula: see text]/group). Hesperidin reduced blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner in hypertensive rats compared to untreated rats ([Formula: see text]). Increased plasma angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and angiotensin II levels, as well as, upregulated AT1 receptor protein expression in aortic tissues were attenuated in hypertensive rats treated with hesperidin. Hesperidin suppressed oxidative stress markers and NADPH oxidase over-expression, and restored plasma nitric oxide metabolites in 2K-1C rats. This was associated with improvement of the vascular response to acetylcholine in isolated mesenteric vascular beds and aortic rings from 2K-1C rats treated with hesperidin ([Formula: see text]). Enhancement of nerve-mediated vasoconstriction related to high plasma noradrenaline in the 2K-1C group was alleviated by hesperidin treatment ([Formula: see text]). Furthermore, losartan exhibited antihypertensive effects by suppressing the RAS cascade and oxidative stress and improved vascular dysfunction observed in 2K-1C rats ([Formula: see text]). Based on these results, it can be presumed that hesperidin is an antihypertensive agent. Its antihypertensive action might be associated with reducing RAS cascade-induced NOX2 over-expression and sympathoexcitation in 2K-1C hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutamas Wunpathe
- * Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,§ Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Prapassorn Potue
- * Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,§ Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Putcharawipa Maneesai
- * Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,§ Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sarawoot Bunbupha
- ¶ Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Parichat Prachaney
- † Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,§ Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Upa Kukongviriyapan
- * Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,§ Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- * Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,§ Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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18
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Bunbupha S, Wunpathe C, Maneesai P, Berkban T, Kukongviriyapan U, Kukongviriyapan V, Prachaney P, Pakdeechote P. Carthamus tinctorius L. extract improves hemodynamic and vascular alterations in a rat model of renovascular hypertension through Ang II-AT 1 R-NADPH oxidase pathway. Ann Anat 2018; 216:82-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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19
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Nunes DV, Costa CA, De Bem GF, Cordeiro VS, Santos IB, Carvalho LC, Jordão AK, Cunha AC, Ferreira VF, Moura RS, Resende AC, Ognibene DT. Tempol, a superoxide dismutase-mimetic drug, prevents chronic ischemic renal injury in two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2018; 40:721-729. [PMID: 29359965 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2018.1425423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tempol, a superoxide dismutase-mimetic drug, has been shown to attenuate radical-induced damage, exerting beneficial effects in the animal models of oxidative stress and hypertension. This study evaluated the effect of Tempol on renal structural and functional alterations in two-Kidney, one-Clip hypertensive rats. In this study, young male Wistar rats had the left kidney clipped (2K1C), and sham-operated animals (Sham) were used as controls. Animals received Tempol (1mmol/L in drinking water) or vehicle for 5 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was evaluated once a week. At the end of the experimental protocol, the animals were placed in metabolic cages to collect urine (24h) and then anesthetized with thiopental (70mg/kg i.p.) to collect blood by puncturing the descending aorta for biochemical analysis, and the clipped kidney for morphological and immunohistochemical analyses. The vasodilator effect of Tempol was evaluated in mesenteric arterial bed (MAB) isolated from adult Wistar rats. The chronic treatment with Tempol prevented the development of hypertension and the increased plasma levels of urea, creatinine, and 8-isoprostane in 2K1C animals. Tempol also improved both glomeruli number and kidney volume to normal levels in the 2K1C+Tempol group. In addition, the treatment prevented the increased collagen deposition and immunostaining for renin, caspase-3, and 8-isoprostane in the stenotic kidney of 2K1C animals. Moreover, Tempol induced a dose-dependent vasodilator response in MAB from Wistar rats. These results suggest that Tempol protects the stenotic kidney against chronic ischemic renal injury and prevents renal dysfunction in the 2K1C model, probably through its antioxidant, vasodilator and antihypertensive actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Vq Nunes
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
| | - Cristiane A Costa
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
| | - Graziele F De Bem
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
| | - Viviane Sc Cordeiro
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
| | - Izabelle B Santos
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
| | - Lenize Crm Carvalho
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
| | - Alessandro K Jordão
- b University Unit of Pharmacy, State University of the West Zone , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
| | - Anna C Cunha
- c Department of Organic Chemistry , Fluminense Federal University , Niterói , RJ , Brazil
| | - Vitor F Ferreira
- c Department of Organic Chemistry , Fluminense Federal University , Niterói , RJ , Brazil
| | - Roberto S Moura
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
| | - Angela C Resende
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
| | - Dayane T Ognibene
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
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Lagranha CJ, Silva TLA, Silva SCA, Braz GRF, da Silva AI, Fernandes MP, Sellitti DF. Protective effects of estrogen against cardiovascular disease mediated via oxidative stress in the brain. Life Sci 2017; 192:190-198. [PMID: 29191645 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
During their reproductive years women produce significant levels of estrogens, predominantly in the form of estradiol, that are thought to play an important role in cardioprotection. Mechanisms underlying this action include both estrogen-mediated changes in gene expression, and post-transcriptional activation of protein signaling cascades in the heart and in neural centers controlling cardiovascular function, in particular, in the brainstem. There, specific neurons, especially those of the bulbar region play an important role in the neuronal control of the cardiovascular system because they control the outflow of sympathetic activity and parasympathetic activity as well as the reception of chemical and mechanical signals. In the present review, we discuss how estrogens exert their cardioprotective effect in part by modulating the actions of internally generated products of cellular oxidation such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) in brain stem neurons. The significance of this review is in integrating the literature of oxidative damage in the brain with the literature of neuroprotection by estrogen in order to better understand both the benefits and limitations of using this hormone to prevent cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia J Lagranha
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil.
| | - Tercya Lucidi Araujo Silva
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Severina Cassia A Silva
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Glaber Ruda F Braz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Aline Isabel da Silva
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pinheiro Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Donald F Sellitti
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Yan JQ, Huang F, Hao F, Su XL, Meng Q, Xu MJ. Oxidative Stress in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Contributes To Cardiovascular Regulation in Preeclampsia. Front Physiol 2017; 8:772. [PMID: 29085302 PMCID: PMC5649191 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It has been demonstrated that preeclampsia, a pregnancy-specific hypertension disorder, is characterized by high blood pressure (BP) and sympathetic overactivity. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a key region for controlling sympathetic tone, has been reported to contribute to high level of BP and sympathetic outflow. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of the RVLM ROS in mediating the preeclampsia-associated cardiovascular dysfunction. Methods: The animal model of preeclampsia was produced by administration of desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) to pregnant rats. Results: Compared with normal pregnant rats without DOCA treatment (NP), the protein concentration and norepinephrine excretion in 24-h urine, as well as BP in pregnant rats with DOCA treatment (PDS) were significantly increased. The levels of superoxide anion and the protein expression of NADPH oxidase subtype (NOX4) in the RVLM were significantly increased in PDS than in NP groups. Furthermore, microinjection of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimic Tempol (5 nmol) into the RVLM significantly decreased BP, heart rate, and renal sympathetic never activity in PDS but not in NP group. Conclusion: The present data suggest that high BP and sympathetic overactivity in preeclampsia rats is associated with increased oxidative stress in the RVLM via upregulation of NOX4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Qiong Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Geriatics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Juan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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22
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da Costa CA, Ognibene DT, Cordeiro VSC, de Bem GF, Santos IB, Soares RA, de Melo Cunha LL, Carvalho LCR, de Moura RS, Resende AC. Effect of Euterpe oleracea Mart. Seeds Extract on Chronic Ischemic Renal Injury in Renovascular Hypertensive Rats. J Med Food 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Aguiar da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dayane Teixeira Ognibene
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Graziele Freitas de Bem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Izabelle Barcellos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrade Soares
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Letícia L. de Melo Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lenize C. R.M. Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto Soares de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela Castro Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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23
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Oliveira-Sales EBD, Varela VA, Maquigussa E, Borges FT, Shimoura CG, Gomes G, Campos RR, Boim MA. Renovascular hypertension: Effects of mesenchymal stem cells in the contralateral hypertensive kidney in rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2016; 38:586-593. [PMID: 27649588 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2016.1174253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) induced neovascularization and improved renal morphology of the stenotic kidney in 2 kidneys-1 clip (2K-1C) model of renovascular hypertension. The present study evaluated the effects of MSC in the contralateral hypertensive kidney. Three weeks after left renal artery occlusion, MSC were injected into the tail vein of the 2K-1C rats. Renal function and morphology were analyzed in both kidneys. Labeled MSC were found in stenotic and contralateral kidneys. Hypertensive 2K-1C animals presented increased circulating levels of Angiotensin II (Ang II) and renin. MSC prevented the progressive increase of blood pressure and reduced circulating Ang II and renin levels. Stenotic kidney showed reduced renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), whereas the contralateral kidney had a tendency (p > 0.5) of reduction in GFR in spite of unchanged RPF. MSC treatment caused an improvement in GFR with no effect of on RPF in the stenotic kidney. Contralateral kidney showed increased diuresis and natriuresis that were even higher in MSC-treated animals, indicating that cell treatment improved the capacity of the contralateral kidney to excrete sodium. Contralateral kidney expressed higher levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) and signs of fibrosis, which were attenuated by MSC treatment. MSC treatment improved the stenotic kidney function, and it was also beneficial to the contralateral hypertensive kidney because it improved the morphology and preserved its capacity to excrete sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Araujo Varela
- a Departament of Medicine, Renal Division , Federal University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Edgar Maquigussa
- a Departament of Medicine, Renal Division , Federal University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Fernanda Teixeira Borges
- a Departament of Medicine, Renal Division , Federal University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Guiomar Gomes
- b Department of Physiology , Federal University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Ruy Ribeiro Campos
- b Department of Physiology , Federal University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Mirian Aparecida Boim
- a Departament of Medicine, Renal Division , Federal University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
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24
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Abstract
Hypertension affects over 25 % of the population with the incidence continuing to rise, due in part to the growing obesity epidemic. Chronic elevations in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) are a hallmark of the disease and contribute to elevations in blood pressure through influences on the vasculature, kidney, and heart (i.e., neurogenic hypertension). In this regard, a number of central nervous system mechanisms and neural pathways have emerged as crucial in chronically elevating SNA. However, it is important to consider that "sympathetic signatures" are present, with differential increases in SNA to regional organs that are dependent upon the disease progression. Here, we discuss recent findings on the central nervous system mechanisms and autonomic regulatory networks involved in neurogenic hypertension, in both non-obesity- and obesity-associated hypertension, with an emphasis on angiotensin-II, salt, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and the adipokine leptin.
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25
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Özdemir Kumral ZN, Kolgazi M, Üstünova S, Kasımay Çakır Ö, Çevik ÖD, Şener G, Yeğen BÇ. Estrogen receptor agonists alleviate cardiac and renal oxidative injury in rats with renovascular hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2016; 38:500-9. [DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2015.1116550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Meltem Kolgazi
- Acibadem University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Savaş Üstünova
- Bezmialem Vakıf University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özgür Kasımay Çakır
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özge Dağdeviren Çevik
- Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Göksel Şener
- Marmara University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrak Ç. Yeğen
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
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26
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Cruz JC, Flôr AFL, França-Silva MS, Balarini CM, Braga VA. Reactive Oxygen Species in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus Alter Sympathetic Activity During Metabolic Syndrome. Front Physiol 2015; 6:384. [PMID: 26779026 PMCID: PMC4688401 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) contains heterogeneous populations of neurons involved in autonomic and neuroendocrine regulation. The PVN plays an important role in the sympathoexcitatory response to increasing circulating levels of angiotensin II (Ang-II), which activates AT1 receptors in the circumventricular organs (OCVs), mainly in the subfornical organ (SFO). Circulating Ang-II induces a de novo synthesis of Ang-II in SFO neurons projecting to pre-autonomic PVN neurons. Activation of AT1 receptors induces intracellular increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to increases in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). Chronic sympathetic nerve activation promotes a series of metabolic disorders that characterizes the metabolic syndrome (MetS): dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, hyperleptinemia and elevated plasma hormone levels, such as noradrenaline, glucocorticoids, leptin, insulin, and Ang-II. This review will discuss the contribution of our laboratory and others regarding the sympathoexcitation caused by peripheral Ang-II-induced reactive oxygen species along the subfornical organ and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. We hypothesize that this mechanism could be involved in metabolic disorders underlying MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane C Cruz
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Atalia F L Flôr
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Camille M Balarini
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da ParaíbaJoão Pessoa, Brazil; Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da ParaíbaJoão Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Valdir A Braga
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa, Brazil
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27
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Oliveira-Sales EB, Colombari E, Abdala AP, Campos RR, Paton JFR. Sympathetic overactivity occurs before hypertension in the two-kidney, one-clip model. Exp Physiol 2015; 101:67-80. [PMID: 26537847 DOI: 10.1113/ep085390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Our knowledge of mechanisms responsible for both the development and the maintenance of hypertension remains incomplete in the Goldblatt (two-kidney, one-clip; 2K1C) model. We tested the hypothesis that elevated sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) occurs before the onset of hypertension in 2K1C rats, considering the time course of the increase in SNA in relationship to the onset of the hypertension. We used a decorticated in situ working heart-brainstem preparation of three groups of male Wistar rats, namely sham-operated animals (SHAM, n = 7) and animals 3 weeks post-2K1C, of which some were hypertensive (2K1C-H, n = 6) and others normotensive (2K1C-N, n = 9), as determined in vivo a priori. Perfusion pressure was higher in both 2K1C groups (2K1C-H, 76 ± 1 mmHg; 2K1C-N, 74 ± 3 mmHg; versus SHAM, 60 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.05). The SNA was significantly elevated in both 2K1C groups (2K1C-H, 47.7 ± 6.1 μV; 2K1C-N, 32.8 ± 2.8 μV; versus SHAM, 20.5 ± 2.5 μV, P < 0.05) owing to its increased respiratory modulation; the chemoreflex was augmented and baroreflex depressed. Precollicular transection reduced SNA in all groups (2K1C-H, -32.5 ± 7.5%; 2K1C-NH, -48 ± 6.9%; versus SHAM, -13.2 ± 1%, P < 0.05). Subsequent medullary spinal cord transection abolished SNA in both SHAM and 2K1C-N groups, but decreased it by only 57 ± 5.5% in 2K1C-H preparations. Thus, SNA is raised before the onset of hypertension, by the third week after renal artery clipping, and this originates, in part, from its enhanced respiratory modulation. Spinal circuits contribute to the elevation of SNA in the 2K1C model, but only after hypertension has developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Oliveira-Sales
- School of Physiology & Pharmacology, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Colombari
- School of Physiology & Pharmacology, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Physiology & Pathology, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Abdala
- School of Physiology & Pharmacology, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ruy R Campos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, SP, Brazil
| | - Julian F R Paton
- School of Physiology & Pharmacology, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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28
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Mendes-Júnior LDG, Guimarães DD, Gadelha DDA, Diniz TF, Brandão MCR, Athayde-Filho PF, Lemos VS, França-Silva MDS, Braga VA. The new nitric oxide donor cyclohexane nitrate induces vasorelaxation, hypotension, and antihypertensive effects via NO/cGMP/PKG pathway. Front Physiol 2015; 6:243. [PMID: 26379557 PMCID: PMC4553900 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the cardiovascular effects induced by the nitric oxide donor Cyclohexane Nitrate (HEX). Vasodilatation, NO release and the effects of acute or sub-chronic treatment with HEX on cardiovascular parameters were evaluated. HEX induced endothelium-independent vasodilatation (Maximum effect [efficacy, ME] = 100.4 ± 4.1%; potency [pD2] = 5.1 ± 0.1). Relaxation was attenuated by scavenging nitric oxide (ME = 44.9 ± 9.4% vs. 100.4 ± 4.1%) or by inhibiting the soluble guanylyl cyclase (ME = 38.5 ± 9.7% vs. 100.4 ± 4.1%). In addition, pD2 was decreased after non-selective blockade of K+ channels (pD2 = 3.6 ± 0.1 vs. 5.1 ± 0.1) or by inhibiting KATP channels (pD2 = 4.3 ± 0.1 vs. 5.1 ± 0.1). HEX increased NO levels in mesenteric arteries (33.2 ± 2.3 vs. 10.7 ± 0.2 au, p < 0.0001). Intravenous acute administration of HEX (1–20 mg/kg) induced hypotension and bradycardia in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Furthermore, starting at 6 weeks after the induction of 2K1C hypertension, oral treatment with the HEX (10 mg/Kg/day) for 7 days reduced blood pressure in hypertensive animals (134 ± 6 vs. 170 ± 4 mmHg, respectively). Our data demonstrate that HEX is a NO donor able to produce vasodilatation via NO/cGMP/PKG pathway and activation of the ATP-sensitive K+ channels. Furthermore, HEX acutely reduces blood pressure and heart rate as well as produces antihypertensive effect in renovascular hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thiago F Diniz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria C R Brandão
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraíba João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Virginia S Lemos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Valdir A Braga
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba João Pessoa, Brazil
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29
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Sousa LE, Magalhães WG, Bezerra FS, Santos RAS, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Isoldi MC, Alzamora AC. Exercise training restores oxidative stress and nitric oxide synthases in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of renovascular hypertensive rats. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:1335-43. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1069291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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30
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Maia RCA, Sousa LE, Santos RAS, Silva ME, Lima WG, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Alzamora AC. Time-course effects of aerobic exercise training on cardiovascular and renal parameters in 2K1C renovascular hypertensive rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:1010-22. [PMID: 26270472 PMCID: PMC4671528 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training (Ex) has been recommended for its beneficial effects in
hypertensive states. The present study evaluated the time-course effects of Ex
without workload on mean arterial pressure (MAP), reflex bradycardia, cardiac and
renal histology, and oxidative stress in two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive
rats. Male Fischer rats (10 weeks old; 150–180 g) underwent surgery (2K1C or SHAM)
and were subsequently divided into a sedentary (SED) group and Ex group (swimming 1
h/day, 5 days/week for 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks). Until week 4, Ex decreased MAP,
increased reflex bradycardia, prevented concentric hypertrophy, reduced collagen
deposition in the myocardium and kidneys, decreased the level of thiobarbituric
acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in the left ventricle, and increased the catalase
(CAT) activity in the left ventricle and both kidneys. From week 6 to week 10,
however, MAP and reflex bradycardia in 2K1C Ex rats became similar to those in 2K1C
SED rats. Ex effectively reduced heart rate and prevented collagen deposition in the
heart and both kidneys up to week 10, and restored the level of TBARS in the left
ventricle and clipped kidney and the CAT activity in both kidneys until week 8. Ex
without workload for 10 weeks in 2K1C rats provided distinct beneficial effects. The
early effects of Ex on cardiovascular function included reversing MAP and reflex
bradycardia. The later effects of Ex included preventing structural alterations in
the heart and kidney by decreasing oxidative stress and reducing injuries in these
organs during hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C A Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - L E Sousa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - R A S Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - M E Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - W G Lima
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - M J Campagnole-Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - A C Alzamora
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
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31
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Liu C, Song Y, Qu L, Tang J, Meng L, Wang Y. Involvement of NOX in the Regulation of Renal Tubular Expression of Na/K-ATPase in Acute Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Rats. Nephron Clin Pract 2015; 130:66-76. [DOI: 10.1159/000381858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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32
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Campos RR, Oliveira-Sales EB, Nishi EE, Paton JFR, Bergamaschi CT. Mechanisms of renal sympathetic activation in renovascular hypertension. Exp Physiol 2015; 100:496-501. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.079855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruy R. Campos
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Division; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Erika E. Nishi
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Division; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Julian F. R. Paton
- School of Physiology & Pharmacology, Bristol CardioVascular; University of Bristol; Medical Sciences Building Bristol BS8 1TD UK
| | - Cassia T. Bergamaschi
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Division; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
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Oliveira-Sales EB, Varela VA, Bergamaschi CT, Campos RR, Boim MA. Effects of mesenchymal stem cells in renovascular hypertension. Exp Physiol 2015; 100:491-5. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.080531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B. Oliveira-Sales
- Department of Medicine; Renal Division; Federal University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
- Department of Physiology; Cardiovascular Division; Federal University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Vanessa A. Varela
- Department of Medicine; Renal Division; Federal University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Cassia T. Bergamaschi
- Department of Physiology; Cardiovascular Division; Federal University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Ruy R. Campos
- Department of Physiology; Cardiovascular Division; Federal University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Mirian A. Boim
- Department of Medicine; Renal Division; Federal University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
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34
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Salusin-β in rostral ventrolateral medulla increases sympathetic outflow and blood pressure via superoxide anions in hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 2014; 32:1059-67; discussion 1067. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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35
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Choi S, Shin HR, Kim SH, Lee MJ, Jun JY, Kim HL, Chung JH, Yeum CH. Effects of oxidative stress on endothelial modulation of contractions in aorta from renal hypertensive rats. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2014; 33:19-25. [PMID: 26877946 PMCID: PMC4714182 DOI: 10.1016/j.krcp.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction is linked to exaggerated production of superoxide anions. This study was conducted to examine the effects of oxidative stress on endothelial modulation of contractions in chronic two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) renal hypertensive rats. METHODS The 2K1C hypertension was induced by clipping the left renal artery; age-matched rats receiving sham treatment served as controls. Thoracic aortae were isolated and mounted in tissue baths for measurement of isometric tension. RESULTS Norepinephrine-induced contraction was augmented by the removal of the endothelium, which was more pronounced in sham rats than in 2K1C rats. Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, an inhibitor of nitric oxide production, had a similar augmenting effect. Vitamin C inhibited the contraction in aortic rings with intact endothelium from 2K1C rats but not from sham rats. The contraction was also suppressed by treatment with diphenyleneiodonium or apocynin, inhibitors of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADH/NADPH) oxidase, in the aortae with intact endothelium from 2K1C rats but not in those from sham rats. Superoxide anions generated by xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine enhanced the contraction in the aortae with intact endothelium from sham rats, but had no effect in 2K1C rats. Enhanced contractile responses to norepinephrine by xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine in sham rats were reversed by vitamin C. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the effect on endothelial modulation of endothelium-derived nitric oxide is impaired in 2K1C hypertension. The impairment is, at least in part, related to increased production of superoxide anions by NADH/NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hye Rang Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Mi Jung Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae Yeoul Jun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun Lee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Cheol Ho Yeum
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
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36
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Revealing the role of the autonomic nervous system in the development and maintenance of Goldblatt hypertension in rats. Auton Neurosci 2014; 183:23-9. [PMID: 24560525 PMCID: PMC4079011 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive use of the renovascular/Goldblatt model of hypertension—2K-1C, and the use of renal denervation to treat drug resistant hypertensive patients, autonomic mechanisms that underpin the maintenance of this hypertension are important yet remain unclear. Our aim was to analyse cardiovascular autonomic function by power spectral density analysis of both arterial pressure and pulse interval measured continuously by radio telemetry for 6 weeks after renal artery clipping. Mean arterial pressure increased from 106 ± 5 to 185 ± 2 mm Hg during 5 weeks post clipping when it stabilized. A tachycardia developed during the 4th week, which plateaued between weeks 5 and 6. The gain of the cardiac vagal baroreflex decreased immediately after clipping and continued to do so until the 5th week when it plateaued (from − 2.4 ± 0.09 to − 0.8 ± 0.04 bpm/mm Hg; P < 0.05). A similar time course of changes in the high frequency power spectral density of the pulse interval was observed (decrease from 13.4 ± 0.6 to 8.3 ± 0.01 ms2; P < 0.05). There was an increase in both the very low frequency and low frequency components of systolic blood pressure that occurred 3 and 4 weeks after clipping, respectively. Thus, we show for the first time the temporal profile of autonomic mechanisms underpinning the initiation, development and maintenance of renovascular hypertension including: an immediate depression of cardiac baroreflex gain followed by a delayed cardiac sympathetic predominance; elevated sympathetic vasomotor drive occurring after the initiation of the hypertension but coinciding during its mid-development and maintenance.
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Oliveira-Sales EB, Maquigussa E, Semedo P, Pereira LG, Ferreira VM, Câmara NO, Bergamaschi CT, Campos RR, Boim MA. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) prevented the progression of renovascular hypertension, improved renal function and architecture. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78464. [PMID: 24223811 PMCID: PMC3817204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Renovascular hypertension induced by 2 Kidney-1 Clip (2K-1C) is a renin-angiotensin-system (RAS)-dependent model, leading to renal vascular rarefaction and renal failure. RAS inhibitors are not able to reduce arterial pressure (AP) and/or preserve the renal function, and thus, alternative therapies are needed. Three weeks after left renal artery occlusion, fluorescently tagged mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) (2×105 cells/animal) were injected weekly into the tail vein in 2K-1C hypertensive rats. Flow cytometry showed labeled MSC in the cortex and medulla of the clipped kidney. MSC prevented a further increase in the AP, significantly reduced proteinuria and decreased sympathetic hyperactivity in 2K-1C rats. Renal function parameters were unchanged, except for an increase in urinary volume observed in 2K-1C rats, which was not corrected by MSC. The treatment improved the morphology and decreased the fibrotic areas in the clipped kidney and also significantly reduced renal vascular rarefaction typical of 2K-1C model. Expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α angiotensinogen, ACE, and Ang II receptor AT1 were elevated, whereas AT2 levels were decreased in the medulla of the clipped kidney. MSC normalized these expression levels. In conclusion, MSC therapy in the 2K-1C model (i) prevented the progressive increase of AP, (ii) improved renal morphology and microvascular rarefaction, (iii) reduced fibrosis, proteinuria and inflammatory cytokines, (iv) suppressed the intrarenal RAS, iv) decreased sympathetic hyperactivity in anesthetized animals and v) MSC were detected at the CNS suggesting that the cells crossed the blood-brain barrier. This therapy may be a promising strategy to treat renovascular hypertension and its renal consequences in the near future.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Pressure
- Blood-Brain Barrier/cytology
- Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism
- Fluorescent Dyes
- Gene Expression
- Hypertension, Renovascular/genetics
- Hypertension, Renovascular/metabolism
- Hypertension, Renovascular/pathology
- Hypertension, Renovascular/therapy
- Interleukin-1beta/genetics
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Male
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/physiology
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism
- Proteinuria/genetics
- Proteinuria/metabolism
- Proteinuria/pathology
- Proteinuria/therapy
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/metabolism
- Renal Artery/surgery
- Renin-Angiotensin System/genetics
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edgar Maquigussa
- Departament of Medicine, Renal Division, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Semedo
- Departament of Medicine, Renal Division, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana G. Pereira
- Departament of Medicine, Renal Division, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M. Ferreira
- Departament of Medicine, Renal Division, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels O. Câmara
- Immunology Department, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassia T. Bergamaschi
- Cardiovascular Division – Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruy R. Campos
- Cardiovascular Division – Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian A. Boim
- Departament of Medicine, Renal Division, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Kishi T. Regulation of the sympathetic nervous system by nitric oxide and oxidative stress in the rostral ventrolateral medulla: 2012 Academic Conference Award from the Japanese Society of Hypertension. Hypertens Res 2013; 36:845-51. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2013.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Campagnaro BP, Tonini CL, Doche LM, Nogueira BV, Vasquez EC, Meyrelles SS. Renovascular hypertension leads to DNA damage and apoptosis in bone marrow cells. DNA Cell Biol 2013; 32:458-66. [PMID: 23786322 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II), which plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of the two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) Goldblatt hypertension, has been associated with augmented generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in some cells and tissues. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of 2K1C hypertension on oxidative stress, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis of bone marrow (BM) cells. Two weeks after the renal artery clipping or Sham operation, flow cytometry analysis showed a higher production of superoxide anions (approximately sixfold) and hydrogen peroxide (approximately twofold) in 2K1C hypertensive than in Sham normotensive mice. 2K1C mice also showed an augmented DNA fragmentation (54%) and apoptotic cells (21%). Our data show that the 2K1C renovascular hypertension is characterized by an increased production of ROS, DNA damage, and apoptosis of BM, which is a fundamental source of the cells involved in tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca P Campagnaro
- Laboratory of Transgenes, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
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40
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de Queiroz TM, Monteiro MMO, Braga VA. Angiotensin-II-derived reactive oxygen species on baroreflex sensitivity during hypertension: new perspectives. Front Physiol 2013; 4:105. [PMID: 23717285 PMCID: PMC3651964 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a multifactorial disorder, which has been associated with the reduction in baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and autonomic dysfunction. Several studies have revealed that increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H] oxidase, following activation of type 1 receptor (AT1R) by Angiotensin-(Ang) II, the main peptide of the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System (RAAS), is the central mechanism involved in Ang-II-derived hypertension. In the present review, we will discuss the role of Ang II and oxidative stress in hypertension, the relationship between the BRS and the genesis of hypertension and how the oxidative stress triggers baroreflex dysfunction in several models of hypertension. Finally, we will describe some novel therapeutic drugs for improving the BRS during hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thyago M de Queiroz
- Department of Biotechnology, Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraiba João Pessoa, Brazil
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Lob HE, Schultz D, Marvar PJ, Davisson RL, Harrison DG. Role of the NADPH oxidases in the subfornical organ in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Hypertension 2012; 61:382-7. [PMID: 23248154 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species and the NADPH oxidases contribute to hypertension via mechanisms that remain undefined. Reactive oxygen species produced in the central nervous system have been proposed to promote sympathetic outflow, inflammation, and hypertension, but the contribution of the NADPH oxidases to these processes in chronic hypertension is uncertain. We therefore sought to identify how NADPH oxidases in the subfornical organ (SFO) of the brain regulate blood pressure and vascular inflammation during sustained hypertension. We produced mice with loxP sites flanking the coding region of the NADPH oxidase docking subunit p22(phox). SFO-targeted injections of an adenovirus encoding cre-recombinase markedly diminished p22(phox), Nox2, and Nox4 mRNA in the SFO, as compared with a control adenovirus encoding red-fluorescent protein injection. Increased superoxide production in the SFO by chronic angiotensin II infusion (490 ng/kg min(-1) × 2 weeks) was blunted in adenovirus encoding cre-recombinase-treated mice, as detected by dihydroethidium fluorescence. Deletion of p22(phox) in the SFO eliminated the hypertensive response observed at 2 weeks of angiotensin II infusion compared with control adenovirus encoding red-fluorescent protein-treated mice (mean arterial pressures=97 ± 15 versus 154 ± 6 mm Hg, respectively; P=0.0001). Angiotensin II infusion also promoted marked vascular inflammation, as characterized by accumulation of activated T-cells and other leukocytes, and this was prevented by deletion of the SFO p22(phox). These experiments definitively identify the NADPH oxidases in the SFO as a critical determinant of the blood pressure and vascular inflammatory responses to chronic angiotensin II, and further support a role of reactive oxygen species in central nervous system signaling in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich E Lob
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Ogawa K, Hirooka Y, Shinohara K, Kishi T, Sunagawa K. Inhibition of oxidative stress in rostral ventrolateral medulla improves impaired baroreflex sensitivity in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Int Heart J 2012; 53:193-8. [PMID: 22790689 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.53.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) of brainstem contribute to sympathoexcitation and are critically involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is a valuable prognostic parameter of the autonomic nervous system, and is impaired in hypertension. The aim of the present study was to determine whether or not a chronic reduction of ROS in the RVLM improves impaired BRS in hypertensive rats. We transfected adenovirus vectors encoding either manganese superoxide dismutase (AdMnSOD) or β-galactosidase (AdLacZ) into the RVLM of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). We measured BRS using the spontaneous sequence method. BRS was significantly lower in SHRSPs than in Wistar-Kyoto rats. In the AdMnSOD-transfected SHRSP, blood pressure, heart rate, and sympathetic nervous system activation were significantly decreased from day 5 after the gene transfer. BRS in the AdMnSOD-transfected SHRSP was significantly increased from day 4 after the gene transfer with the reduction of ROS in the RVLM. Furthermore, in the AdMnSOD-transfected SHRSP, intravenous infusion of atropine dramatically decreased BRS. In contrast, in the AdLacZ-transfected SHRSP, atropine did not decrease BRS. These results suggest that chronic reduction of ROS in the local RVLM improves the impaired BRS in SHRSP through inhibition of the sympathetic component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiro Ogawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuoka, Japan
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Reduction of rat cardiac hypertrophy by osthol is related to regulation of cardiac oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. Lipids 2012; 47:987-94. [PMID: 22918576 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-012-3710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the therapeutic effect of osthol, a coumarin compound isolated from the fruit of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson, on cardiac hypertrophy in rats and investigate its potential mechanisms. The rats with cardiac hypertrophy induced by renovascular hypertension were given osthol orally by gavage for 4 weeks. The results showed that in the osthol 20 mg/kg group, the blood pressure, heart weight index and myocardial malondialdehyde content were lowered (p < 0.001, p = 0.002 and p = 0.025, respectively), the myocardial superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase contents were increased (p < 0.001), and the elevated unesterified fatty acids and triacylglycerols in myocardial tissues were decreased (p = 0.017 and p = 0.004, respectively). At the same time, the myocardial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)-1a mRNA expressions were increased and the myocardial diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) mRNA expression was decreased in the osthol 20 mg/kg group (p < 0.001). Osthol treatment was associated with a decreased cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that osthol may exert a therapeutic effect on cardiac hypertrophy in rats, and its mechanisms may be related to the improvement of myocardial oxidative stress and lipid metabolism via regulation of PPARα-mediated target gene expressions including an increase in CPT-1a mRNA expression and a decrease in DGAT mRNA expression.
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Kishi T, Hirooka Y. Oxidative stress in the brain causes hypertension via sympathoexcitation. Front Physiol 2012; 3:335. [PMID: 22934082 PMCID: PMC3429101 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) has an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, and is determined by the brain. Previous many studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress, mainly produced by angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD (P) H) oxidase, in the autonomic brain regions was involved in the activation of the SNS of hypertension. In this concept, we have investigated the role of oxidative stress in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), which is known as the cardiovascular center in the brainstem, in the activation of the SNS, and demonstrated that AT(1) receptor and NAD (P) H oxidase-induced oxidative stress in the RVLM causes sympathoexcitation in hypertensive rats. The mechanisms in which brain oxidative stress causes sympathoexcitation have been investigated, such as the interactions with nitric oxide (NO), effects on the signal transduction, or inflammations. Interestingly, the environmental factors of high salt intake and high calorie diet may also increase the oxidative stress in the brain, particularly in the RVLM, thereby activating the central sympathetic outflow and increasing the risk of hypertension. Furthermore, several orally administered AT(1) receptor blockers have been found to cause sympathoinhibition via reduction of oxidative stress through the inhibition of central AT(1) receptor. In conclusion, we must consider that AT(1) receptor and the related oxidative stress production in the brain cause the activation of SNS in hypertension, and that AT(1) receptor in the brain could be novel therapeutic target of the treatments for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kishi
- Department of Advanced Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Diseases, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Fukuoka, Japan
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Barp J, Sartório CL, Campos C, Llesuy SF, Araujo AS, Belló-Klein A. Influence of ovariectomy on cardiac oxidative stress in a renovascular hypertension model. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:1229-34. [PMID: 22900708 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential influence of endogenous ovarian hormones on cardiac oxidative stress in renovascular hypertension. Female Wistar rats (N = 10 per group) were divided among 4 groups: (i) normotensive control; (ii) hypertensive control; (iii) normotensive ovariectomized; and (iv) hypertensive ovariectomized rats. To induce hypertension, 2-kidney 1-clip (2K1C) Goldblatt's method was followed. Blood pressure (BP) was enhanced (25%) in 2K1C and it was not further altered in hypertensive ovariectomized animals. Lipid peroxidation (measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARS) increased in heart homogenates after ovariectomy (253%) and was additionally augmented when associated with hypertension (by 28%). Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were similar in both hypertensive groups. Hypertension enhanced glutathione peroxidase activity (75%), but the association with ovariectomy prevented this change. Total radical trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP) decreased in hypertensive rats (34%) and was recovered when associated with ovariectomy. However, this adaptation seems not to be sufficient to avoid the increased oxidative damage in ovariectomized hypertensive animals. These results suggest a protective role for physiological ovarian hormones in the cardiac oxidative stress induced by 2K1C hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Barp
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, CEP, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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46
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Cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease: role of the sympathetic nervous system. Cardiol Res Pract 2012; 2012:319432. [PMID: 22919537 PMCID: PMC3420153 DOI: 10.1155/2012/319432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease are at significantly increased risk for cardiovascular disease and sudden cardiac death. One mechanism underlying increased cardiovascular risk in patients with renal failure includes overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Multiple human and animal studies have shown that central sympathetic outflow is chronically elevated in patients with both end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). SNS overactivation, in turn, increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and sudden death by increasing arterial blood pressure, arrythmogenicity, left ventricular hypertrophy, and coronary vasoconstriction and contributes to the progression renal disease. This paper will examine the evidence for SNS overactivation in renal failure from both human and experimental studies and discuss mechanisms of SNS overactivity in CKD and therapeutic implications.
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47
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Bruno RM, Daghini E, Ghiadoni L, Sudano I, Rugani I, Varanini M, Passino C, Emdin M, Taddei S. Effect of acute administration of vitamin C on muscle sympathetic activity, cardiac sympathovagal balance, and baroreflex sensitivity in hypertensive patients. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96:302-8. [PMID: 22695870 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.035022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential hypertension is characterized by both increased oxidative stress and sympathetic traffic. Experimental studies have shown that reactive oxygen species can modulate autonomic activity. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether acute administration of the antioxidant vitamin C modifies sympathetic nerve activity in essential hypertension. DESIGN Thirty-two untreated patients with essential hypertension and 20 normotensive subjects received vitamin C (3 g intravenously in 5 min) or vehicle. Heart rate, noninvasive beat-to-beat blood pressure, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (microneurography) were monitored at baseline and up to 20 min after the infusion. Spectral analysis of RR interval variability and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity were also computed. RESULTS Vitamin C infusion significantly lowered blood pressure in hypertensive patients but not in normotensive subjects (maximal changes in systolic blood pressure: -4.9 ± 10.1 compared with -0.7 ± 4.0 mm Hg, respectively; P < 0.05). Moreover, muscle sympathetic nerve activity was significantly reduced after vitamin C infusion in hypertensive patients (from 53.3 ± 12.2 to 47.4 ± 11.5 bursts/100 heart beats; P < 0.01) but not in healthy subjects (from 42.0 ± 10.1 to 42.7 ± 11.8 bursts/100 heart beats; NS). On the contrary, in 16 hypertensive patients, sodium nitroprusside in equidepressor doses induced a significant increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity compared with vitamin C (+10.0 ± 6.9 bursts/100 heart beats). Sympathovagal balance and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity were restored during vitamin C infusion in hypertensive subjects. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that acute administration of vitamin C is able to reduce cardiovascular adrenergic drive in hypertensive patients, which suggests that oxidative stress is involved in the regulation of sympathetic activity in essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Bruno
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Italy.
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Bruno RM, Ghiadoni L, Seravalle G, Dell'oro R, Taddei S, Grassi G. Sympathetic regulation of vascular function in health and disease. Front Physiol 2012; 3:284. [PMID: 22934037 PMCID: PMC3429057 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is known to play a pivotal role in short- and long-term regulation of different functions of the cardiovascular system. In the past decades increasing evidence demonstrated that sympathetic neural control is involved not only in the vasomotor control of small resistance arteries but also in modulation of large artery function. Sympathetic activity and vascular function, both of which are key factors in the development and prognosis of cardiovascular events and disease, are linked at several levels. Evidence from experimental studies indicates that the SNS is critically influenced, at the central and also at the peripheral level, by the most relevant factors regulating vascular function, such as nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), endothelin (ET), the renin-angiotensin system. Additionally, there is indirect evidence of a reciprocal relationship between endothelial function and activity of the SNS. A number of cardiovascular risk factors and diseases are characterized both by increased sympathetic outflow and decreased endothelial function. In healthy subjects, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) appears to be related to surrogate markers of endothelial function, and an acute increase in sympathetic activity has been associated with a decrease in endothelial function in healthy subjects. However, direct evidence of a cause-effect relationship from human studies is scanty. In humans large artery stiffness has been associated with increased sympathetic discharge, both in healthy subjects and in renal transplant recipients. Peripheral sympathetic discharge is also able to modulate wave reflection. On the other hand, large artery stiffness can interfere with autonomic regulation by impairing carotid baroreflex sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Bruno
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Pisa, Italy
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Vargas F, Rodríguez-Gómez I, Pérez-Abud R, Tendero PV, Baca Y, Wangensteen R. Cardiovascular and renal manifestations of glutathione depletion induced by buthionine sulfoximine. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25:629-35. [PMID: 22223042 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2011.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to the development of several cardiovascular diseases, including diabetes, renal insufficiency, and arterial hypertension. Animal studies have evidenced the association between higher blood pressure (BP) and increased oxidative stress, and treatment with antioxidants has been shown to reduce BP, while BP reduction due to antihypertensive drugs is associated with reduced oxidative stress. In 2000, it was first reported that oxidative stress and arterial hypertension were produced in normal Sprague-Dawley rats by oral administration of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which induces glutathione (GSH) depletion, indicating that oxidative stress may induce hypertension. The contribution of several potential pathogenic factors has been evaluated in the BSO rat model, the prototype of oxidative stress-induced hypertension, including vascular reactivity, endothelium-derived factors, renin-angiotensin system activity, TXA(2)-PGH(2) production, sodium sensitivity, renal dopamine-induced natriuresis, and sympathetic tone. This review summarizes the main factors implicated in the pathogenesis of BSO-induced hypertension and the alterations associated with GSH depletion that are related to renal function or BP control.
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Ceron CS, Rizzi E, Guimaraes DA, Martins-Oliveira A, Cau SB, Ramos J, Gerlach RF, Tanus-Santos JE. Time course involvement of matrix metalloproteinases in the vascular alterations of renovascular hypertension. Matrix Biol 2012; 31:261-70. [PMID: 22342460 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased vascular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) levels play a role in late phases of hypertensive vascular remodeling. However, no previous study has examined the time course of MMPs in the various phases of two-kidney, one-clip hypertension (2K1C). We examined structural vascular changes, collagen and elastin content, vascular oxidative stress, and MMPs levels/activities during the development of 2K1C hypertension. Plasma angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity was measured to assess renin-angiotensin system activation. Sham or 2K1C hypertensive rats were studied after 2, 4, 6, and 10weeks of hypertension. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was monitored weekly. Morphometry of structural changes in the aortic wall was studied in hematoxylin/eosin, orcein and picrosirius red sections. Aortic NADPH activity and superoxide production was evaluated. Aortic gelatinolytic activity was determined by in situ zymography, and MMP-2, MMP-14, and tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP)-2 levels were determined by gelatin zymography, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. 2K1C hypertension was associated with increased ACE activity, which decreased to normal after 10 weeks. We found increased aortic collagen and elastin content in the early phase of hypertension, which were associated with vascular hypertrophy, increased vascular MMP-2 and MMP-14 (but not TIMP-2) levels, and increased gelatinolytic activity, possibly as a result of increased vascular NADPH oxidase activity and oxidative stress. These results indicate that vascular remodeling of renovascular hypertension is an early process associated with early increases in MMPs activities, enhanced matrix deposition and oxidative stress. Using antioxidants or MMPs inhibitors in the early phase of hypertension may prevent the vascular alterations of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S Ceron
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
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