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Tsai KZ, Chu CC, Huang WC, Sui X, Lavie CJ, Lin GM. Prediction of various insulin resistance indices for the risk of hypertension among military young adults: the CHIEF cohort study, 2014-2020. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:141. [PMID: 38664804 PMCID: PMC11046748 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-insulin-based insulin resistance (NI-IR) indices have been reported to have an association with prevalent hypertension, however, no cohort studies to date have compared their prediction of hypertension among young adults. METHODS A total of 2,448 military men and women, aged 18-39 years, without baseline hypertension in Taiwan were followed for incident hypertension events from 2014 until the end of 2020. All subjects underwent annual health examinations including measurements of blood pressure (BP) in mmHg. Systolic BP (SBP) 130-139/diastolic BP (DBP) < 80, SBP < 130/DBP 80-89, and SBP 130-139/DBP 80-89 were respectively defined as stage I isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH) and combined hypertension (CH). The cut-off levels of stage II hypertension for SBP and DBP were 140-159 and 90-99, respectively. Four NI-IR indices included the ratio of serum triglycerides (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), TyG index defined as ln[TG* fasting glucose (FG)/2], Metabolic Score for IR (METS-IR) defined as ln[(2* FG) + TG)* body mass index (BMI)/(ln(HDL-C))], and ZJU index defined as BMI + FG + TG + 3* alanine transaminase/aspartate transaminase (+ 2 if female). Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed with adjustments for baseline age, sex, body mass index, BP, substance use, family history for early onset cardiovascular diseases or hypertension, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, kidney function, serum uric acid and physical activity to determine the associations. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 6.0 years, there were 920 hypertension events (37.6%). Greater TyG, TG/HDL-C and METS-IR indices were associated with a higher risk of stage I IDH (hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals: 1.376 (1.123-1.687), 1.082 (1.039-1.127) and 3.455 (1.921-6.214), respectively), whereas only greater ZJU index was associated with a higher risk of stage II IDH [HRs: 1.011 (1.001-1.021)]. In addition, greater ZJU index was associated with a higher risk of stage II ISH [HR: 1.013 (1.003-1.023)], and greater TyG index was associated with a higher risk of stage II CH [HR: 2.821 (1.244-6.395)]. CONCLUSION Insulin resistance assessed by various NI-IR indices was associated with a higher risk of hypertension in young adults, while the assessment ability for specific hypertension category may differ by NI-IR indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Zhe Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, No. 100, Jinfeng St, Hualien City, 970, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology of Periodontology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chih Chu
- Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Huang
- College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Ochsner Clinical School, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Gen-Min Lin
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, No. 100, Jinfeng St, Hualien City, 970, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chen Q, Ma X, Geng Y, Liao J, Ma L. Association between smoking and hypertension under different PM 2.5 and green space exposure: A nationwide cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1026648. [PMID: 36466446 PMCID: PMC9712966 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1026648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking has been widely reported to have a significant relationship with hypertension, but the past description of this relationship has not been uniform. In addition, there has been a lack of research to discuss the impact of environmental exposure on the relationship between smoking and hypertension. Therefore, this study estimates the association between smoking and hypertension in middle aged and elderly people in China under different PM2.5 (fine particulate matter) concentrations and the green space exposure conditions. Methods Individual sample data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2018 and the long-term average exposure concentration of fine particles and green space exposure for all participants were used with a multilevel binary logistic mixed effects model. Adjustments were made for sociodemographic characteristics and other health behaviors including drinking, physical activity, and social activity. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and PM2.5 concentration stratification were assigned with the median of the population exposure concentration as the dividing line, and the dual environmental factor stratification was assigned in combination with the two types of environmental exposure. The analysis was also stratified using age groups. Results A total of 10,600 participants over the age of 45 were included in the study. The effects of smoking on hypertension were diverse under different environmental exposure conditions. There was a significant relationship between smoking behavior and hypertension in the Low-NDVI group, and the effect value of this relationship was significantly different from that in the High-NDVI group. Furthermore, for respondents exposed to low green spaces and high PM2.5 environments at the same time (Low-NDVI/High-PM2.5 group), their smoking behavior may lead to an increase in the risk of hypertension. In addition, the risk of hypertension caused by smoking in the middle-aged (45-64) was significant under low green space exposure, but the effect difference between the different age groups was not significant. Conclusions The relationship between smoking and hypertension was different under different environmental exposure conditions. Exposure to low green spaces may strengthen the association between smoking and hypertension risk. When participants were exposed to both low green spaces and high PM2.5 concentrations, the risk of hypertension caused by smoking was significantly higher than that of those who were exposed to high green spaces and low PM2.5 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihao Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuxi Ma
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingling Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Lu Ma
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Kaplan RC, Baldoni PL, Strizich GM, Pérez-Stable EJ, Saccone NL, Peralta CA, Perreira KM, Gellman MD, Williams-Nguyen JS, Rodriguez CJ, Lee DJ, Daviglus M, Talavera GA, Lash JP, Cai J, Franceschini N. Current Smoking Raises Risk of Incident Hypertension: Hispanic Community Health Study-Study of Latinos. Am J Hypertens 2021; 34:190-197. [PMID: 32968788 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension has been implicated as a smoking-related risk factor for cardiovascular disease but the dose-response relationship is incompletely described. Hispanics, who often have relatively light smoking exposures, have been understudied in this regard. METHODS We used data from a 6-year follow-up study of US Hispanic adults aged 18-76 to address the dose-response linking cigarette use with incident hypertension, which was defined by measured blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg or initiation of antihypertensive medications. Adjustment was performed for potential confounders and mediators, including urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio which worsened over time among smokers. RESULTS Current smoking was associated with incident hypertension, with a threshold effect above 5 cumulative pack-years of smoking (vs. never smokers, hazard ratio for hypertension [95% confidence interval] of 0.95 [0.67, 1.35] for 0-5 pack-years, 1.47 [1.05, 2.06] for 5-10 pack-years, 1.40 [1.00, 1.96] for 10-20 pack-years, and 1.34 [1.09, 1.66] for ≥20 pack-years, P = 0.037). In contrast to current smokers, former smokers did not appear to have increased risk of hypertension, even at the highest cumulative pack-years of past exposure. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm that smoking constitutes a hypertension risk factor in Hispanic adults. A relatively modest cumulative dose of smoking, above 5 pack-years of exposure, raises risk of hypertension by over 30%. The increased hypertension risk was confined to current smokers, and did not increase further with higher pack-year levels. The lack of a smoking-hypertension association in former smokers underscores the value of smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Pedro L Baldoni
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Garrett M Strizich
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Eliseo J Pérez-Stable
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nancy L Saccone
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Carmen A Peralta
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Krista M Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marc D Gellman
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Carlos J Rodriguez
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - David J Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gregory A Talavera
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - James P Lash
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Bermudez V, Olivar LC, Torres W, Navarro C, Gonzalez R, Espinoza C, Morocho A, Mindiola A, Chacin M, Arias V, Añez R, Salazar J, Riaño-Garzon M, Diaz-Camargo E, Bautista MJ, Rojas J. Cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome components: a cross-sectional study from Maracaibo City, Venezuela. F1000Res 2018; 7:565. [PMID: 30705749 PMCID: PMC6343224 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14571.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A growing body of evidence suggests that cigarette smoking can cause the onset of metabolic syndrome prior to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking habit and metabolic syndrome components in an adult population from Maracaibo city, Venezuela. Methods: The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multi-stage sampling. In this sub-study, 2212 adults from both genders were selected. On the basis of their medical background, they were classified as smokers, non-smokers and former smokers. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to Harmonizing 2009 criteria, using population-specific abdominal circumference cut-off points. The association between risk factors was evaluated using a logistic regression model. Results: In the studied population, 14.8% were smokers, 15.4% were former smokers. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of metabolic syndrome (smokers: OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11-2.14; p=0.010) and its components were related to cigarette smoking, with the exception of hyperglycemia. High blood pressure was inversely associated with current smoking status (smokers: OR, 0.70 (0.51-0.95); p=0.025). Conclusion: Cigarette smoking represents a related factor with metabolic syndrome, being associated with low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, increased abdominal circumference and elevated triacylglyceride levels. Former smokers did not present a greater risk for developing this metabolic disease when compared to non-smokers. The effect of avoiding this habit should be evaluated in future studies in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valmore Bermudez
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Luis Carlos Olivar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Wheeler Torres
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Carla Navarro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Robys Gonzalez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Cristobal Espinoza
- Latacunga Province General Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Cotopaxi, Ecuador
| | - Alicia Morocho
- Latacunga Province General Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Cotopaxi, Ecuador
| | - Andres Mindiola
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Maricarmen Chacin
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Victor Arias
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Roberto Añez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Manuel Riaño-Garzon
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Edgar Diaz-Camargo
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Maria Judith Bautista
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Joselyn Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
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5
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Bermudez V, Olivar LC, Torres W, Navarro C, Gonzalez R, Espinoza C, Morocho A, Mindiola A, Chacin M, Arias V, Añez R, Salazar J, Riaño-Garzon M, Diaz-Camargo E, Bautista MJ, Rojas J. Cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome components: a cross-sectional study from Maracaibo City, Venezuela. F1000Res 2018; 7:565. [PMID: 30705749 PMCID: PMC6343224 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14571.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A growing body of evidence suggests that cigarette smoking can cause the onset of metabolic syndrome prior to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking habit and metabolic syndrome components in an adult population from Maracaibo city, Venezuela. Methods: The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multi-stage sampling. In this sub-study, 2212 adults from both genders were selected. On the basis of their medical background, they were classified as smokers, non-smokers and former smokers. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to Harmonizing 2009 criteria, using population-specific abdominal circumference cut-off points. The association between risk factors was evaluated using a logistic regression model. Results: In the studied population, 14.8% were smokers, 15.4% were former smokers. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of metabolic syndrome (smokers: OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11-2.14; p=0.010) and its components were related to cigarette smoking, with the exception of hyperglycemia. High blood pressure was inversely associated with current smoking status (smokers: OR, 0.70 (0.51-0.95); p=0.025). Conclusion: Cigarette smoking represents a related factor with metabolic syndrome, being associated with low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, increased abdominal circumference and elevated triacylglyceride levels. Former smokers did not present a greater risk for developing this metabolic disease when compared to non-smokers. The effect of avoiding this habit should be evaluated in future studies in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valmore Bermudez
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Luis Carlos Olivar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Wheeler Torres
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Carla Navarro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Robys Gonzalez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Cristobal Espinoza
- Latacunga Province General Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Cotopaxi, Ecuador
| | - Alicia Morocho
- Latacunga Province General Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Cotopaxi, Ecuador
| | - Andres Mindiola
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Maricarmen Chacin
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Victor Arias
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Roberto Añez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Manuel Riaño-Garzon
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Edgar Diaz-Camargo
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Maria Judith Bautista
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Joselyn Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
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6
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Bermudez V, Olivar LC, Torres W, Navarro C, Gonzalez R, Espinoza C, Morocho A, Mindiola A, Chacin M, Arias V, Añez R, Salazar J, Riaño-Garzon M, Diaz-Camargo E, Bautista MJ, Rojas J. Cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome components: a cross-sectional study from Maracaibo City, Venezuela. F1000Res 2018; 7:565. [PMID: 30705749 PMCID: PMC6343224 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14571.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A growing body of evidence suggests that cigarette smoking can cause the onset of metabolic syndrome prior to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking habit and metabolic syndrome components in an adult population from Maracaibo city, Venezuela. Methods: The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multi-stage sampling. In this sub-study, 2212 adults from both genders were selected. On the basis of their medical background, they were classified as smokers, non-smokers and former smokers. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to Harmonizing 2009 criteria, using population-specific abdominal circumference cut-off points. The association between risk factors was evaluated using a logistic regression model. Results: In the studied population, 14.8% were smokers, 15.4% were former smokers. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of metabolic syndrome (smokers: OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11-2.14; p=0.010) and its components were related to cigarette smoking, with the exception of hyperglycemia. High blood pressure was inversely associated with current smoking status (smokers: OR, 0.70 (0.51-0.95); p=0.025). Conclusion: Cigarette smoking represents an independent risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome, being associated with low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, increased abdominal circumference and elevated triacylglyceride levels. Former smokers did not present a greater risk for developing this metabolic disease when compared to non-smokers. The effect of avoiding this habit should be evaluated in future studies in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valmore Bermudez
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Luis Carlos Olivar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Wheeler Torres
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Carla Navarro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Robys Gonzalez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Cristobal Espinoza
- Latacunga Province General Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Cotopaxi, Ecuador
| | - Alicia Morocho
- Latacunga Province General Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Cotopaxi, Ecuador
| | - Andres Mindiola
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Maricarmen Chacin
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Victor Arias
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Roberto Añez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Manuel Riaño-Garzon
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Edgar Diaz-Camargo
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Maria Judith Bautista
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Joselyn Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
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7
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Jayedi A, Rashidy-Pour A, Khorshidi M, Shab-Bidar S. Body mass index, abdominal adiposity, weight gain and risk of developing hypertension: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of more than 2.3 million participants. Obes Rev 2018; 19:654-667. [PMID: 29334692 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to test the association between anthropometric measures and risk of developing hypertension. METHODS We did a systematic search using PubMed and Scopus, from inception up to January 2017. Prospective cohort studies reporting the risk estimates of hypertension for three or more quantitative categories of indices of general and abdominal adiposity were included. Summary relative risks were calculated using random-effects models. RESULTS Fifty-seven prospective cohort studies were included. Summary relative risks were 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.41, 1.58; I2 = 97.4%, n = 50) for a five-unit increment in body mass index, 1.27 (95%CI: 1.15, 1.39; I2 = 95.0%, n = 14) for a 10-cm increment in waist circumference, 1.16 (95%CI: 1.09, 1.23; I2 = 77.8%, n = 5) for weight gain equal to a one-unit increment in BMI, and 1.37 (95%CI: 1.24, 1.51; I2 = 76.4%, n = 8) and 1.74 (95%CI: 1.35, 2.13; I2 = 58.9%, n = 4) for a 0.1-unit increment in waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio, respectively. The risk of hypertension increased continuously with increasing all anthropometric measures, and also along with weight gain. CONCLUSION Being as lean as possible within the normal body mass index range may be the best suggestion in relation to primary prevention of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jayedi
- Food (salt) Safety Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - A Rashidy-Pour
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - M Khorshidi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Mehboudi MB, Nabipour I, Vahdat K, Darabi H, Raeisi A, Mehrdad N, Heshmat R, Shafiee G, Larijani B, Ostovar A. Inverse association between cigarette and water pipe smoking and hypertension in an elderly population in Iran: Bushehr elderly health programme. J Hum Hypertens 2017; 31:821-825. [PMID: 28880257 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2017.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The collected data in Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program which had detailed the data on participants' smoking status and habits, was analysed to investigate the association between smoking of both water pipes and cigarettes and hypertension in an elderly population. Three thousand elderly men and women who participated in the baseline assessment of the BEH Program-a prospective population-based study being conducted in Bushehr, Iran-were selected randomly through a multistage, stratified cluster sampling method. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured twice using a mercury sphygmomanometer, and researchers asked participants about medical history of hypertension as well as history of cigarette and water pipe smoking. Researchers used binary logistic regression models to assess the association of hypertension and smoking, and found an inverse, statistically significant association between current smoking and hypertension (odds ratio (OR)=0.50 (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.41, 0.60)). The association remained statistically significant after controlling for age, education and body mass index (OR=0.54 (95% CI=0.45, 0.66)). Findings were consistent for cigarette and water pipe smoking by sex (all ORs were inverse and statistically significant). Both cigarette and water pipe smoking were associated with reduced hypertension among older people, but the strength of association was different between men and women and also between cigarette and water pipe smoking. The reasons behind the association as well as the differences observed need to be investigated through more comprehensive, longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Mehboudi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - I Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - K Vahdat
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - H Darabi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - A Raeisi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - N Mehrdad
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - G Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Ostovar
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Pilleron S, Aboyans V, Mbelesso P, Ndamba-Bandzouzi B, Desormais I, Lacroix P, Preux PM, Guerchet M. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in older people in Central Africa: the EPIDEMCA study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 11:449-460. [PMID: 28551091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension represents a major global health burden. While older individuals of African descent are at higher risk of hypertension in western countries, epidemiologic data on hypertension in older native Africans are scarce. We assessed the prevalence and the level of awareness and control of hypertension among older adults in Central Africa. A total of 1990 individuals aged 65 years and older from the Republic of Congo and the Central African Republic participated into a cross-sectional population-based survey. Hypertension was defined by self-reporting of ongoing treatment and/or systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure at rest being ≥140 and/or 90 mm Hg. Controlled hypertension was defined as treated hypertension with systolic blood pressure <140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 61.1%. Among hypertensive people, 46.7% were aware of their condition and 17.3% were treated. Among the latter, 23.8% had their hypertension controlled. Correlates of hypertension were increasing age and body mass index, living in the Republic of Congo, occupation other than employee, no tobacco use, sedentary lifestyle, and ≥3 meals a day. Our findings indicate a need for the implementation of public health policies to reduce hypertension in older Africans and to prevent the subsequent burden of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Pilleron
- UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, INSERM, Limoges, France; UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, University of Limoges, Limoges, France.
| | - Victor Aboyans
- UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, INSERM, Limoges, France; UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, University of Limoges, Limoges, France; Department of Cardiology, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Pascal Mbelesso
- Department of Neurology, Amitié Hospital, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | | | - Ileana Desormais
- UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, INSERM, Limoges, France; UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, University of Limoges, Limoges, France; Department of Cardiology, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Philippe Lacroix
- UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, INSERM, Limoges, France; UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, University of Limoges, Limoges, France; Department of Cardiology, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Preux
- UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, INSERM, Limoges, France; UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, University of Limoges, Limoges, France; Centre of Epidemiology, Biostatistic, and Research Methodology, CEBIMER, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Maëlenn Guerchet
- UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, INSERM, Limoges, France; UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, University of Limoges, Limoges, France; Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Global Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
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10
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Nguyen KA, Peer N, Mills EJ, Kengne AP. A Meta-Analysis of the Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence in the Global HIV-Infected Population. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150970. [PMID: 27008536 PMCID: PMC4805252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardio-metabolic risk factors are of increasing concern in HIV-infected individuals, particularly with the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the subsequent rise in longevity. However, the prevalence of cardio-metabolic abnormalities in this population and the differential contribution, if any, of HIV specific factors to their distribution, are poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the global prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in HIV-infected populations, its variation by the different diagnostic criteria, severity of HIV infection, ART used and other major predictive characteristics. METHODS We performed a comprehensive search on major databases for original research articles published between 1998 and 2015. The pooled overall prevalence as well as by specific groups and subgroups were computed using random effects models. RESULTS A total of 65 studies across five continents comprising 55094 HIV-infected participants aged 17-73 years (median age 41 years) were included in the final meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of MS according to the following criteria were: ATPIII-2001:16.7% (95%CI: 14.6-18.8), IDF-2005: 18% (95%CI: 14.0-22.4), ATPIII-2004-2005: 24.6% (95%CI: 20.6-28.8), Modified ATPIII-2005: 27.9% (95%CI: 6.7-56.5), JIS-2009: 29.6% (95%CI: 22.9-36.8), and EGIR: 31.3% (95%CI: 26.8-36.0). By some MS criteria, the prevalence was significantly higher in women than in men (IDF-2005: 23.2% vs. 13.4, p = 0.030), in ART compared to non-ART users (ATPIII-2001: 18.4% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.001), and varied significantly by participant age, duration of HIV diagnosis, severity of infection, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) use and date of study publication. Across criteria, there were significant differences in MS prevalence by sub-groups such as in men, the Americas, older publications, regional studies, younger adults, smokers, ART-naïve participants, NNRTIs users, participants with shorter duration of diagnosed infection and across the spectrum of HIV severity. Substantial heterogeneities across and within criteria were not fully explained by major study characteristics, while evidence of publication bias was marginal. CONCLUSIONS The similar range of MS prevalence in the HIV-infected and general populations highlights the common drivers of this condition. Thus, cardio-metabolic assessments need to be routinely included in the holistic management of the HIV-infected individual. Management strategies recommended for MS in the general population will likely provide similar benefits in the HIV-infected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A Nguyen
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nasheeta Peer
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Andre P Kengne
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Onat A, Karadeniz Y, Tusun E, Yüksel H, Kaya A. Advances in understanding gender difference in cardiometabolic disease risk. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2016; 14:513-23. [PMID: 26849352 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2016.1150782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gender differences exist in cardiovascular or metabolic disease risk, beyond the protective effect of estrogens, mostly burdening the postmenopausal female. We aimed to review herein sex differences in pro-inflammatory states, the independence of inflammation from insulin resistance, differences in high-density lipoprotein dysfunction, in gene-environment interactions, and in the influence of current and former smoking on cardiometabolic risk. Sex differences in absorption of long-chain fatty acids are highlighted. Differences exist in the first manifestation of cardiovascular disease, men being more likely to develop coronary heart disease as a first event, compared to women who have cerebrovascular disease or heart failure as a first event. Autoimmune activation resulting from pro-inflammatory states, a fundamental mechanism for numerous chronic diseases in people prone to metabolic syndrome, is much more common in women, and these constitute major determinants. Therapeutic approaches to aspects related to sex difference are briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altan Onat
- a Department of Cardiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Yusuf Karadeniz
- b Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical Faculty , Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Eyyup Tusun
- c Mehmet Akif İnan Training Hospital, Şanlıurfa, Department of Cardiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty , Istanbul University
| | - Hüsniye Yüksel
- a Department of Cardiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ayşem Kaya
- d Institute of Cardiology , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
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12
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Pankova A, Kralikova E, Fraser K, Lajka J, Svacina S, Matoulek M. No difference in hypertension prevalence in smokers, former smokers and non-smokers after adjusting for body mass index and age: a cross-sectional study from the Czech Republic, 2010. Tob Induc Dis 2015; 13:24. [PMID: 26265902 PMCID: PMC4531506 DOI: 10.1186/s12971-015-0049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several hypotheses suggest a temporary increase in blood pressure following smoking cessation. This may be the result of endocrine changes (e.g. alteration in adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels in post-cessation period) and/or post-cessation weight gain. Our aim was to identify factors that may be associated with the diagnosis of hypertension after quitting smoking. METHODS In 2010, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in a sample of 2065 Czech adults, chosen by quota selection and representative according to age, gender, education, region of residence and the size of settlement, aged 18 to 94 years. We examined the association between age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, and education with the hypertension diagnosis in their personal history. Data were compiled and weighed by age categories. Statistical significance was measured by Pearson Chi-square test at the level of significance 95 %. RESULTS Diagnosis of hypertension was reported in 461 (22 %) subjects, with no difference by gender. Based on univariate analysis, former smokers were more likely than non-smokers to be diagnosed for hypertension (OR 1.450 (1.110-1.900), p = 0.006). However, after adjusting for body mass index and age, the occurrence of hypertension diagnosis did not differ among non-smokers, smokers and former smokers (OR 0.760 for smokers, p = 0.082 and OR 1.020 for former smokers, p = 0.915). CONCLUSION We did not find any differences in hypertension diagnosis prevalence according to smoking status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pankova
- />Centre for Tobacco-Dependent of the 3rd Medical Department - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Karlovo namesti 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- />Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studnickova 7, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kralikova
- />Centre for Tobacco-Dependent of the 3rd Medical Department - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Karlovo namesti 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- />Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studnickova 7, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Keely Fraser
- />Centre for Tobacco-Dependent of the 3rd Medical Department - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Karlovo namesti 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lajka
- />STEM/MARK, a.s., Chlumčanského 497/5, 180 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Stepan Svacina
- />3rd Medical Department – Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 1, 121 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Matoulek
- />3rd Medical Department – Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 1, 121 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic
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Kang JH, Song YM. Association Between Cotinine-Verified Smoking Status and Metabolic Syndrome: Analyses of Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2008–2010. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2015; 13:140-8. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2014.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-hun Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Mi Song
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Song HJ, Paek YJ, Choi MK, Lee HJ. Gender differences in the relationship between risk of hypertension and fruit intake. Prev Med 2014; 67:154-9. [PMID: 25045835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between hypertension and fruit intake in an Asian population. METHOD This study was based on the data from 2007, 2008 and 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In the final analysis, a total of 9791 subjects (men=3819, women=5972) were included. Daily energy and nutrient intakes were assessed using 24-h recall. The odds ratios (ORs) for hypertension were assessed by using logistic regression and multivariable models. RESULTS A total of 10.6% of individuals were classified as having hypertension. Compared with the lowest quintile of fruit intake, the fifth quintile showed the lowest likelihood of hypertension (OR 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.88) after adjusting for age and gender. For women, the likelihood of hypertension in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th quintiles of fruit intake decreased to 0.67 (95% CI, 0.34-1.30), 0.76 (0.56-1.05), 0.90 (0.67-1.22) and 0.54 (0.38-0.77), respectively, after adjusting for confounding factors (P value for trend=0.0011). An inverse association of fruit intake and hypertension was shown only in non-obese women. For men and obese women, there was no relationship between fruit intake and hypertension. CONCLUSION Dietary fruit recommendation for hypertension should be taken into account together with ethnic background, gender as well as the presence of obesity in individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ji Song
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang-si, South Korea
| | - Yu Jin Paek
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang-si, South Korea
| | - Min Kyu Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Eulji University, Seongnam-si, South Korea.
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Hypervolemia for hypertension pathophysiology: a population-based study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:895401. [PMID: 25177700 PMCID: PMC4142663 DOI: 10.1155/2014/895401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypertension and hypervolemia relationship was proven among renal disease, although it is not known in normal population. Present study determines the fluid distribution defects in relation to blood pressure. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a population-based survey in Turkey demographics, height, weight, blood pressure, urine analysis, and serum creatinine measurements were recorded. Bioimpedance measured with the Body Composition Monitor. RESULTS Total 2034 population of 71.6% male, mean age 47 ± 12.6 (18-89) years, systolic blood pressure (SBP) 134.7 ± 20, diastolic blood pressure 77.9 ± 11.6 mmHg. Body mass index (BMI) was 28.5 ± 4.5 (15.8-50.6) kg/m(2); overhydration was 0.05 ± 1.05 L. There was a correlation between extracellular water (ECW)/height and SBP (r = 0.21, P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with the performance of 0.60 (P < 0.001) that showed cut-off value of ECW/height was 10.06 L/m, with the 69% sensitivity and 45% specificity for SBP: 140 mmHg values. Risk factors for high SBP were increase of ECW/Height, age, BMI and presence of diabetes. ECW/height, SBP, and fat tissue index (FTI) increased in BMI categories (low, normal, and obese) and in diabetics. SBP and FTI were lower in smokers. CONCLUSIONS High blood pressure may be accompanied by increased extracellular volume indices. In the future volume status assessment could be of use in evaluating the effectiveness of pharmacological intervention in the treatment of hypertension.
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Calo WA, Ortiz AP, Suárez E, Guzmán M, Pérez CM, Pérez CM. Association of cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome in a Puerto Rican adult population. J Immigr Minor Health 2014; 15:810-6. [PMID: 22729380 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-012-9660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is related to an increased risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Smokers are at greater risk than nonsmokers of becoming insulin resistant and to develop cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to explore the association between cigarette smoking, MetSyn and its components among Puerto Rican adults. A representative sample of 856 persons aged 21-79 years from the San Juan Metropolitan area participated in this study. Demographic and lifestyle characteristics, including smoking habits, were gathered from a self-reported questionnaire. MetSyn was defined according to the revised NCEP-ATP III criteria and measured using biochemical measurements and anthropometric indices. Logistic regression models were used to estimate prevalence odds ratios (POR) and its 95 % confidence intervals (CI). MetSyn was significantly (P < 0.001) more prevalent in former smokers (48.4 %) as compared to current (42.7 %) and never smokers (40.0 %). However, after adjusting for possible confounders, current smokers who used more than 20 cigarettes per day were 2.24 (95 % CI = 1.00-4.99) times more likely to have MetSyn as compared to never smokers. Heavy smokers were also more likely to have high triglyceride levels (POR = 2.22, 95 % CI = 1.12-4.38) and low HDL-cholesterol levels (POR = 2.49, 95 % CI = 1.28-4.86) as compared to never smokers. This study supports previous reports of an increased risk of MetSyn among current smokers, particularly those with a heavier consumption. Tobacco control strategies, such as preventing smoking initiation and disseminating evidence-based cessation programs, are necessary to reduce the burden of MetSyn in Puerto Rico.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Calo
- Division of Management, Policy, and Community Health, University of Texas School of Public Health, 7000 Fannin, Room 2510G, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Ostovar A, Vahdat K, Raiesi A, Purbehi M, Darabi H, Khajehian MM, Assadi M, Nabipour I. Hypertension risk and conventional risk factors in a prospective cohort study in Iran: The Persian Gulf Healthy Heart Study. Int J Cardiol 2014; 172:620-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Park SK, Jung JY, Choi WJ, Kim YH, Kim HS, Ham WT, Shin H, Ryoo JH. Elevated fasting serum insulin level predicts future development of hypertension. Int J Cardiol 2014; 172:450-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Park SE, Rhee EJ, Park CY, Oh KW, Park SW, Kim SW, Lee WY. Impact of hyperinsulinemia on the development of hypertension in normotensive, nondiabetic adults: a 4-year follow-up study. Metabolism 2013; 62:532-8. [PMID: 23122695 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study aimed to investigate the association between baseline fasting insulin levels, changes in fasting insulin levels, and future development of hypertension in normotensive, non-diabetic, healthy adults. METHODS We analyzed data from 11,123 adults, aged 20-65years, who had no history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus at a 2004 medical examination in a health promotion program and had attended a repeat examination in 2008. Subjects were divided into four groups according to baseline quartiles of fasting insulin and dichotomized fasting insulin levels at baseline and after 4years: low-low, low-high, high-low, high-high. We also assessed whether the association differed between the younger (20-40years) and older subjects (41-65years). RESULTS In four years, 1142 subjects (10.3%) developed hypertension. The odds ratio (OR) for the development for hypertension increased as the quartiles of baseline fasting insulin levels and changes in fasting insulin levels increased from the first to the fourth quartile (OR 1.15, 1.35, and 1.95 vs. 1.07, 1.22, and 1.41, respectively), after adjusting for multiple factors. The OR for hypertension was 2.0-fold higher in the high-high group and 1.34-fold higher in the low-high group than in the low-low group. In comparing the results by age group, we found that these relationships were more prominent in younger subjects. CONCLUSION High baseline and continuously increasing fasting insulin levels appeared to be independent determinants for the future development of hypertension during this 4-year follow-up study in normotensive, non-diabetic, healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Eun Park
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kaneko M, Oda E, Kayamori H, Nagao S, Watanabe H, Abe T, Ishizawa M, Uemura Y, Aizawa Y. Smoking was a Possible Negative Predictor of Incident Hypertension After a Five-Year Follow-up Among a General Japanese Population. Cardiol Res 2012; 3:87-93. [PMID: 28348677 PMCID: PMC5358146 DOI: 10.4021/cr95w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The association between cigarette smoking and hypertension is controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between smoking and incident hypertension. METHODS This is a post-hoc five-year follow-up study in a general Japanese population. Logistic regressions were performed using incident hypertension as an outcome and smoking status as an independent predictor adjusting for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), drinking status, and diabetes in 1,297 subjects without hypertension at baseline. RESULTS The incidence of hypertension was 16.9% vs. 27.6% (smokers vs. nonsmokers, P = 0.01) in men and 0.0% vs. 16.9% (smokers vs. nonsmokers, P = 0.03) in women. The odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) of incident hypertension was 0.38 (0.19 - 0.76) (P = 0.006) for smokers at baseline, 0.33 (0.16 - 0.68) (P = 0.003) for continuing smokers, and 2.11 (0.33 - 13.45) (P = 0.4) for ex-smokers. Age (OR = 1.52, P < 0.0001), BMI (OR = 1.46, P < 0.0001), and FPG (OR = 1.23, P = 0.007) were other independent predictors of incident hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Smoking was a possible significant negative predictor of incident hypertension in a general Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Kaneko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tachikawa Medical Center, Kanda 3-2-11, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Eiji Oda
- Medical Check-up Center, Tachikawa Medical Center, Nagachou 2-2-16, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kayamori
- Department of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachidoori 1-757, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satomi Nagao
- Department of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachidoori 1-757, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachidoori 1-757, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takahiro Abe
- Department of endocrinology and metabolism, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachidoori 1-757, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ishizawa
- Department of endocrinology and metabolism, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachidoori 1-757, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Uemura
- Department of endocrinology and metabolism, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachidoori 1-757, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshifusa Aizawa
- Department of Research and Development, Tachikawa Medical Center, Kanda 3-2-11, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
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Hyperinsulinemia and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance as predictors of hypertension: a 5-year follow-up study of Korean sample. Am J Hypertens 2011; 24:1041-5. [PMID: 21614095 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2011.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationships between insulin level and indexes of insulin resistance (IR) to predict incident hypertension have been explored only in cross-sectional or prospective studies with small numbers of patients. We investigated whether plasma insulin concentration and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA(IR)) are associated with the onset of hypertension in a population of apparently healthy and relatively lean Korean adults. METHODS We selected 10,894 of 15,638 subjects who were normotensive at baseline during general health status evaluations in 2003 and 2008. The baseline and follow-up examinations included analyses of fasting glucose, insulin level, and lipid profile. Alcohol consumption, smoking status, exercise habits, and education level were also evaluated using a standard questionnaire. RESULTS Of the 10,894 subjects, hypertension developed in 881 (8.1%) during the ensuing 5 years. Incident hypertension was more common among older subjects than it was in younger subjects and was associated with a high baseline body mass index (BMI). In multivariable logistic models, elevated serum insulin, and HOMA(IR) were associated with an increased risk of incident hypertension in both sexes. In a multivariable analysis using quartiles of insulin and HOMA(IR), the odds ratio (OR) for incident hypertension was the highest in the highest quartile of insulin and HOMA(IR). The highest quartile of insulin and HOMA(IR) was associated with a 1.5-1.7 times increased risk of incident hypertension. CONCLUSIONS This 5-year follow-up study provides evidence that both a high circulating insulin level and HOMA(IR) are significant risk factors for the development of hypertension in a relatively lean and healthy population.
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Onat A, Hergenç G. Low-grade inflammation, and dysfunction of high-density lipoprotein and its apolipoproteins as a major driver of cardiometabolic risk. Metabolism 2011; 60:499-512. [PMID: 20580781 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles that even become proinflammatory or lose atheroprotective properties is known through analyses of HDL isolated from diabetic subjects. Recently, high concentrations of HDL or apolipoprotein (apo) A-I in individuals with diabetes or coronary heart disease were found to reveal dysfunction in some population-based studies. Such dysfunction of HDL and its apos A-I, A-II, and C-III has been observed in a general population for the first time among Turkish adults. Functional defectiveness manifested itself by unexpected correlations with inflammatory biomarkers and, in long-term follow-up, by lack of protection against diabetes and coronary heart disease, accounting for the excess incidences in Turks. Female sex was more pronouncedly affected by this process that presumably exists in other ethnicities in South Asia, East Europe, and the Middle East. In contradistinction, in Western and East Asian population, only individuals with glucose intolerance or those at risk for cardiometabolic disease are considered to be or were documented in a review of clinical trials to have been affected by impaired function of HDL. High-density lipoprotein dysfunctionality is closely linked to obesity and low-grade inflammation yet seems to act partly independently of them. Cigarette smoking in overweight women with low-grade inflammation appears to offer limited protection against cardiometabolic risk. The great impact in public health of the dysfunction of protective serum proteins requires individual clinical recognition, appropriate preventive measures, and delineation of management, including with anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altan Onat
- Turkish Society of Cardiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34098, Turkey.
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Cigarette smoking and beneficial effect on cardiometabolic risk: A reply. Atherosclerosis 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Park J, Lee JS, Kim J. Relationship between dietary sodium, potassium, and calcium, anthropometric indexes, and blood pressure in young and middle aged Korean adults. Nutr Res Pract 2010; 4:155-62. [PMID: 20461205 PMCID: PMC2867227 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2010.4.2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence of the effects of dietary sodium, calcium, and potassium, and anthropometric indexes on blood pressure is still inconsistent. To investigate the relationship between dietary factors or anthropometric indexes and hypertension risk, we examined the association of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) with sodium, calcium, and potassium intakes and anthropometric indexes in 19~49-year-olds using data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) III. Total of 2,761 young and middle aged adults (574 aged 19~29 years and 2,187 aged 30~49 years) were selected from KNHANES III. General information, nutritional status, and anthropometric data were compared between two age groups (19~29 years old and 30~49 years old). The relevance of blood pressure and risk factors such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), weight, waist circumference, and the intakes of sodium, potassium, and calcium was determined by multiple regression analysis. Multiple regression models showed that waist circumference, weight, and BMI were positively associated with SBP and DBP in both age groups. Sodium and potassium intakes were not associated with either SBP or DBP. Among 30~49-year-olds, calcium was inversely associated with both SBP and DBP (P = 0.012 and 0.010, respectively). Our findings suggest that encouraging calcium consumption and weight control may play an important role in the primary prevention and management of hypertension in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Park
- Cancer Epidemiology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsanro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi 410-769, Korea
| | - Jung-Sug Lee
- Cancer Epidemiology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsanro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi 410-769, Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Cancer Epidemiology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsanro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi 410-769, Korea
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