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Abdel-Kareem NM, Elshazly SM, Abd El Fattah MA, Aldahish AA, Zaitone SA, Ali SK, Abd El-Haleim EA. Nifedipine Improves the Ketogenic Diet Effect on Insulin-Resistance-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1054. [PMID: 39204160 PMCID: PMC11359371 DOI: 10.3390/ph17081054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance, induced by high fructose consumption, affects cognitive function negatively. Nifedipine may be suggested for neurological disorders. This study aimed to assess the effect of nifedipine with either a normal diet (ND) or a ketogenic diet (KD) in cognitive dysfunction. Male Wistar rats received 10% fructose in drinking water for 8 weeks to induce insulin resistance. Rats received nifedipine (5.2 mg/kg/day; p.o.) later with ND or KD for an additional five weeks. One and two-way ANOVAs were used in analyzing the data. Reversion to the ND improved insulin resistance and lipid profile, besides brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β), and insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) levels. Rats fed KD alone and those that received nifedipine with KD did not show similar improvement in the previously mentioned parameters as the ND group. However, nifedipine-ND rats showed improvement in cognitive behavior and insulin resistance. Treatment with nifedipine-KD ameliorated GSK3β, amyloid β (Aβ), and tau protein levels. As the nifedipine-KD combination succeeded in diminishing the accumulated Aβ and tau protein, KD may be used for a while due to its side effects, then nifedipine treatment could be continued with an ND. This conclusion is based on the finding that this combination mitigated insulin resistance with the associated improved behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M. Abdel-Kareem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University—Arish Branch, Arish 45511, Egypt
| | - Shimaa M. Elshazly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - May A. Abd El Fattah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt (E.A.A.E.-H.)
| | - Afaf A. Aldahish
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sawsan A. Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sahar K. Ali
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Enas A. Abd El-Haleim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt (E.A.A.E.-H.)
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Pasupuleti SK, Ramdas B, Burns SS, Palam LR, Kanumuri R, Kumar R, Pandhiri TR, Dave UP, Yellapu NK, Zhou X, Zhang C, Sandusky GE, Yu Z, Honigberg MC, Bick AG, Griffin GK, Niroula A, Ebert BL, Paczesny S, Natarajan P, Kapur R. Obesity-induced inflammation exacerbates clonal hematopoiesis. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e163968. [PMID: 37071471 PMCID: PMC10231999 DOI: 10.1172/jci163968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterized by the accumulation of somatic mutations in blood cell lineages, clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is frequent in aging and involves the expansion of mutated hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSC/Ps) that leads to an increased risk of hematologic malignancy. However, the risk factors that contribute to CHIP-associated clonal hematopoiesis (CH) are poorly understood. Obesity induces a proinflammatory state and fatty bone marrow (FBM), which may influence CHIP-associated pathologies. We analyzed exome sequencing and clinical data for 47,466 individuals with validated CHIP in the UK Biobank. CHIP was present in 5.8% of the study population and was associated with a significant increase in the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Mouse models of obesity and CHIP driven by heterozygosity of Tet2, Dnmt3a, Asxl1, and Jak2 resulted in exacerbated expansion of mutant HSC/Ps due in part to excessive inflammation. Our results show that obesity is highly associated with CHIP and that a proinflammatory state could potentiate the progression of CHIP to more significant hematologic neoplasia. The calcium channel blockers nifedipine and SKF-96365, either alone or in combination with metformin, MCC950, or anakinra (IL-1 receptor antagonist), suppressed the growth of mutant CHIP cells and partially restored normal hematopoiesis. Targeting CHIP-mutant cells with these drugs could be a potential therapeutic approach to treat CH and its associated abnormalities in individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baskar Ramdas
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Sarah S. Burns
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics and
| | | | - Rahul Kanumuri
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics and
| | | | - Utpal P. Dave
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nanda Kumar Yellapu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics and
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics and
| | - George E. Sandusky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Zhi Yu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael C. Honigberg
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander G. Bick
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gabriel K. Griffin
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Epigenomics Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abhishek Niroula
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Ebert
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sophie Paczesny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charlestown, South Carolina, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Chang CM, Chen YC, Wu WT, Lin TK, Chou YC, Lin MH, Sun CA. Association between clinical use of nifedipine and the risk of osteoporosis: a nationwide retrospective cohort study. Osteoporos Int 2023:10.1007/s00198-023-06756-0. [PMID: 37079024 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Nifedipine is one of the common calcium channel blockers (CCBs) for hypertension that induce peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α, which is envisioned as a potential therapeutic target in bone disease. The findings of this retrospective cohort study suggest that patients who receive nifedipine may have a potential protective effect on osteoporosis in comparison to other CCBs. INTRODUCTION Nifedipine was one L-type dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB) that can improve bone loss. However, epidemiological studies on the association between the use of nifedipine and osteoporosis risk are limited. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the association between the clinical use of nifedipine and the risk of osteoporosis. METHODS This retrospective cohort was conducted using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan from 2000 to 2013. The study includes 1225 patients receiving nifedipine (the exposed cohort) and 4900 patients receiving other CCBs (the comparison cohort). The primary outcome was the diagnosis of osteoporosis. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between the use of nifedipine and the risk of osteoporosis. RESULTS Patients receiving nifedipine treatment had a reduced risk of osteoporosis as compared with those undergoing other CCB treatments (adjusted HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.37-0.53). Moreover, this inverse association is evident in both sexes and various age groups. CONCLUSIONS This population-based cohort study demonstrated that nifedipine may have potential protective effect on osteoporosis compared with other CCBs. The clinical implications of the present study need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ming Chang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaoshiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Chen Chen
- Data Science Center, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tung Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Kun Lin
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsun Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-An Sun
- Data Science Center, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan.
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan.
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Chou CL, Li CH, Fang TC. Benefits of Valsartan and Amlodipine in Lipolysis through PU.1 Inhibition in Fructose-Induced Adiposity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183759. [PMID: 36145135 PMCID: PMC9502698 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High fructose intake has been implicated in obesity and metabolic syndrome, which are related to increased cardiovascular mortality. However, few studies have experimentally examined the role of renin–angiotensin system blockers and calcium channel blockers (CCB) in obesity. We investigated the effects of valsartan (an angiotensin II receptor blocker) and amlodipine (a CCB) on lipolysis through the potential mechanism of PU.1 inhibition. We observed that high fructose concentrations significantly increased adipose size and triglyceride, monoacylglycerol lipase, adipose triglyceride lipase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), activating transcription factor 3 and PU.1 levels in adipocytes in vitro. Subsequently, PU.1 inhibitor treatment was able to reduce triglyceride, SCD1, and PU.1 levels. In addition, elevated levels of triglyceride and PU.1, stimulated by a high fructose concentration, decreased with valsartan and amlodipine treatment. Overall, these findings suggest that high fructose concentrations cause triacylglycerol storage in adipocytes through PU.1-mediated activation. Furthermore, valsartan and amlodipine treatment reduced triacylglycerol storage in adipocytes by inhibiting PU.1 activation in high fructose concentrations in vitro. Thus, the benefits of valsartan and amlodipine in lipolysis may be through PU.1 inhibition in fructose-induced adiposity, and PU.1 inhibition might have a potential therapeutic role in lipolysis in fructose-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Lin Chou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsin Kuo Min Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hao Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chao Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2737-2181
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Timmons JA, Anighoro A, Brogan RJ, Stahl J, Wahlestedt C, Farquhar DG, Taylor-King J, Volmar CH, Kraus WE, Phillips SM. A human-based multi-gene signature enables quantitative drug repurposing for metabolic disease. eLife 2022; 11:68832. [PMID: 35037854 PMCID: PMC8763401 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) contributes to the pathophysiology of diabetes, dementia, viral infection, and cardiovascular disease. Drug repurposing (DR) may identify treatments for IR; however, barriers include uncertainty whether in vitro transcriptomic assays yield quantitative pharmacological data, or how to optimise assay design to best reflect in vivo human disease. We developed a clinical-based human tissue IR signature by combining lifestyle-mediated treatment responses (>500 human adipose and muscle biopsies) with biomarkers of disease status (fasting IR from >1200 biopsies). The assay identified a chemically diverse set of >130 positively acting compounds, highly enriched in true positives, that targeted 73 proteins regulating IR pathways. Our multi-gene RNA assay score reflected the quantitative pharmacological properties of a set of epidermal growth factor receptor-related tyrosine kinase inhibitors, providing insight into drug target specificity; an observation supported by deep learning-based genome-wide predicted pharmacology. Several drugs identified are suitable for evaluation in patients, particularly those with either acute or severe chronic IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Timmons
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Augur Precision Medicine LTD, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jack Stahl
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | | | | | - Claude-Henry Volmar
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | | | - Stuart M Phillips
- Faculty of Science, Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Srivastav A, Changkija B, Sharan K, Nagar GK, Bansode FW. Influence of antifertility agents Dutasteride and Nifedipine on CatSper gene level in epididymis during sperm maturation in BALB/c mice. Reproduction 2018; 155:347-359. [PMID: 29434054 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is critical for successful fertilization. In spermatozoa, capacitation, hyperactivation of motility and the acrosome reaction are all mediated by increases in intracellular Ca2+ through CatSper (sperm-specific cation channel). The CatSper channel complex contains four pore-forming α subunits (CatSper1-4) and five accessory subunits called β, δ, ε, γ and ζ. Genetic deletion of any of the four CatSper genes in mice results in loss of hyperactivated motility and male infertility. Despite their vital role in male fertility, almost very little is known about influence of antifertility agents on CatSper gene expression in epididymis and epididymal spermatozoa. Therefore, we performed quantitative real-time qPCR analysis for CatSper expression in the epididymis and epididymal sperm of BALB/c mice after treatment with Dutasteride (DS), a dual 5-α reductase inhibitor and Nifedipine (NF) a calcium channel blocker as positive control. We observed that treatment with antifertility agents Dutasteride and Nifedipine induced significant decreases in the caput and cauda epididymal sperm counts, motility and fertility which could partly be attributed to alteration in the normal morphology of the sperm associated with downregulation/upregulation of CatSper mRNAs in epididymis and epididymal spermatozoa of male BALB/c mice. These can be explained on the basis of interference with mechanisms affecting calcium ion signaling resulting in changes in intracellular calcium required for sperm activity, finally affecting sperm maturation and fertility of male BALB/c mice. These studies provide some novel avenues for developing new male contraceptives in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Srivastav
- Division of EndocrinologyCentral Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Kunal Sharan
- Division of EndocrinologyCentral Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Geet Kumar Nagar
- Division of EndocrinologyCentral Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Falgun W Bansode
- Division of EndocrinologyCentral Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Cifuentes-Pagano E, Meijles DN, Pagano PJ. The quest for selective nox inhibitors and therapeutics: challenges, triumphs and pitfalls. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2741-54. [PMID: 24070014 PMCID: PMC4026400 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Numerous studies in animal models and human subjects corroborate that elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in the progression of multiple diseases. As a major source of ROS in many organ systems, the NADPH oxidase (Nox) has become a prime target for therapeutic development. RECENT ADVANCES In recent years, intense efforts have been dedicated to the development of pan- and isoform-specific Nox inhibitors as opposed to antioxidants that proved ineffective in clinical trials. Over the past decade, an array of compounds has been proposed in an attempt to fill this void. CRITICAL ISSUES Although many of these compounds have proven effective as Nox enzyme family inhibitors, isoform specificity has posed a formidable challenge to the scientific community. This review surveys the most prominent Nox inhibitors, and discusses potential isoform specificity, known mechanisms of action, and shortcomings. Some of these inhibitors hold substantial promise as targeted therapeutics. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Increased insight into the mechanisms of action and regulation of this family of enzymes as well as atomic structures of key Nox subunits are expected to give way to a broader spectrum of more potent, efficacious, and specific molecules. These lead molecules will assuredly serve as a basis for drug development aimed at treating a wide array of diseases associated with increased Nox activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Wei YM, Xue ZK, Wang P, Zhao L. Formulation and pharmacokinetic evaluation of once-daily sustained-released system of nifedipine with solid dispersion and coating techniques. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:864-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Cilnidipine regulates glucose metabolism and levels of high-molecular adiponectin in diet-induced obese mice. Hypertens Res 2012; 36:196-201. [PMID: 23051658 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2012.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of the antihypertensive drug cilnidipine on glucose metabolism and adipocytokines, including adiponectin, in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. The effects of cilnidipine on insulin sensitivity and the levels of adiponectin in DIO mice were examined after the mice had been treated with cilnidipine dissolved in water at a dose of 0.2 g l(-1) for 14 days. As expected, treatment with cilnidipine decreased the systolic and diastolic blood pressures in DIO mice, compared with control mice (P<0.05 for each parameter). Cilnidipine treatment improved glucose and insulin sensitivity in DIO mice. In addition, cilnidipine treatment dramatically increased the level of adiponectin in white adipose tissue (P<0.05) and the circulating levels of total and high-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin in DIO mice (P<0.01 for each parameter). Furthermore, the secretion of HMW adiponectin and the ratio of HMW adiponectin/total adiponectin were both increased after cilnidipine treatment. Finally, the secretion of adiponectin from adipocytes was increased after cilnidipine treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that cilnidipine improves insulin tolerance and adiponectin levels, especially high-molecular type adiponectin, in DIO mice.
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Amlodipine enhances amelioration of vascular insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorders by candesartan in metabolic syndrome rats. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25:704-10. [PMID: 22421905 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2012.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pharmacological advantage of combination of an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) and a calcium-channel blocker (CCB) is not fully defined. This study was undertaken to elucidate the potential benefit of their combination in metabolic syndrome. METHODS SHR/NDmcr-cp (SHRcp), a rat model of human metabolic syndrome, were divided into four groups, and were administered (i) vehicle, (ii) candesartan (an ARB) 0.3 mg/kg/day, (iii) amlodipine (a CCB) 3 mg/kg/day, and (iv) candesartan 0.3 mg/kg/day plus amlodipine 3 mg/kg/day, for 4 weeks. RESULTS Candesartan, amlodipine, or their combination significantly ameliorated the impairment of vascular endothelium-dependent relaxation with acetylcholine in SHRcp. However, the impairment of insulin-induced vasodilation in SHRcp was partially improved by candesartan alone, but not by amlodipine alone. Interestingly, amlodipine added to candesartan synergistically enhanced the improvement of impaired insulin-induced vasodilation by candesartan, indicating the synergistic improvement of vascular insulin resistance by the combination of these drugs. Candesartan alone, but not amlodipine alone, significantly attenuated vascular superoxide and NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox in SHRcp. Amlodipine added to candesartan synergistically enhanced the reduction of vascular p22phox levels and superoxide by candesartan in SHRcp, suggesting the association of vascular insulin resistance with oxidative stress. Furthermore, the combination of candesartan with amlodipine synergistically decreased the increase in visceral adipocyte size, serum free-fatty acid, and tumor necrosis factor-α in SHRcp. CONCLUSIONS ARB and CCB combination synergistically ameliorated vascular insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome, being associated with the synergistic attenuation of vascular oxidative stress and metabolic disorders.
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11
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Nifedipine ameliorates ischemia-induced revascularization in diet-induced obese mice. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25:401-6. [PMID: 22223040 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2011.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases that are associated with impaired angiogenesis. Nifedipine, a calcium-channel blocker, has a number of blood pressure (BP)-independent effects as well, such as improving endothelial function and decreasing oxidative stress. Here, we investigated whether nifedipine could improve the angiogenic responses in a diet-induced obese (DIO) model. METHODS DIO was induced by allowing 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice ad libitum access to a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet. Mice were randomly divided into two groups that were fed either the HF/HS or normal chow. At the age of 12 weeks, the animals were treated/not treated with nifedipine admixed with food at a concentration of 0.001%. Then, 1 week later, the mice were subjected to unilateral hind limb surgery. RESULTS Angiogenic repair of the ischemic hind limb was impaired in the DIO mice as compared with that in the control mice as evaluated by laser Doppler blood flowmetry (LDBF) and capillary density analysis. Treatment with nifedipine accelerated angiogenic repair in the DIO mice to a level equal to that seen in the control mice. DIO mice showed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after hind limb ischemia. The number of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which contribute to blood vessel formation, was also significantly lower in these mice. Nifedipine treatment ameliorated the oxidative status and increased the number of EPCs in the DIO mice. CONCLUSIONS Our observations demonstrated that DIO impaired revascularization in response to tissue ischemia. Nifedipine ameliorated obesity-impaired revascularization through suppressing oxidative stress and enhancing the number of EPCs.
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Schramm A, Matusik P, Osmenda G, Guzik TJ. Targeting NADPH oxidases in vascular pharmacology. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 56:216-31. [PMID: 22405985 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a molecular dysregulation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. It is characterized by a loss of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Large clinical trials such as HOPE and HPS have not shown a clinical benefit of antioxidant vitamin C or vitamin E treatment, putting into question the role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease. A change in the understanding of the molecular nature of oxidative stress has been driven by the results of these trials. Oxidative stress is no longer perceived as a simple imbalance between the production and scavenging of ROS, but as a dysfunction of enzymes involved in ROS production. NADPH oxidases are at the center of these events, underlying the dysfunction of other oxidases including eNOS uncoupling, xanthine oxidase and mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus NADPH oxidases are important therapeutic targets. Indeed, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) as well as drugs interfering with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibit NADPH oxidase activation and expression. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, AT1 receptor antagonists (sartans) and aliskiren, as well as spironolactone or eplerenone, have been discussed. Molecular aspects of NADPH oxidase regulation must be considered, while thinking about novel pharmacological targeting of this family of enzymes consisting of several homologs Nox1, Nox2, Nox3, Nox4 and Nox5 in humans. In order to properly design trials of antioxidant therapies, we must develop reliable techniques for the assessment of local and systemic oxidative stress. Classical antioxidants could be combined with novel oxidase inhibitors. In this review, we discuss NADPH oxidase inhibitors such as VAS2870, VAS3947, GK-136901, S17834 or plumbagin. Therefore, our efforts must focus on generating small molecular weight inhibitors of NADPH oxidases, allowing the selective inhibition of dysfunctional NADPH oxidase homologs. This appears to be the most reasonable approach, potentially much more efficient than non-selective scavenging of all ROS by the administration of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Schramm
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
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Sano M. Revisiting the merits of nifedipine. Hypertens Res 2011; 34:1173-4. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tian Z, Miyata K, Tabata M, Yano M, Tazume H, Aoi J, Takahashi O, Araki K, Kawasuji M, Oike Y. Nifedipine increases energy expenditure by increasing PGC-1α expression in skeletal muscle. Hypertens Res 2011; 34:1221-7. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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