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Gupta S, Mandal S, Banerjee K, Almarshood H, Pushpakumar SB, Sen U. Complex Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Aging: Epigenetic Regulation, Matrix Remodeling, and the Healing Effects of H 2S. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1165. [PMID: 39334931 PMCID: PMC11429536 DOI: 10.3390/biom14091165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The kidney is an essential excretory organ that works as a filter of toxins and metabolic by-products of the human body and maintains osmotic pressure throughout life. The kidney undergoes several physiological, morphological, and structural changes with age. As life expectancy in humans increases, cell senescence in renal aging is a growing challenge. Identifying age-related kidney disorders and their cause is one of the contemporary public health challenges. While the structural abnormalities to the extracellular matrix (ECM) occur, in part, due to changes in MMPs, EMMPRIN, and Meprin-A, a variety of epigenetic modifiers, such as DNA methylation, histone alterations, changes in small non-coding RNA, and microRNA (miRNA) expressions are proven to play pivotal roles in renal pathology. An aged kidney is vulnerable to acute injury due to ischemia-reperfusion, toxic medications, altered matrix proteins, systemic hemodynamics, etc., non-coding RNA and miRNAs play an important role in renal homeostasis, and alterations of their expressions can be considered as a good marker for AKI. Other epigenetic changes, such as histone modifications and DNA methylation, are also evident in AKI pathophysiology. The endogenous production of gaseous molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was documented in the early 1980s, but its ameliorative effects, especially on kidney injury, still need further research to understand its molecular mode of action in detail. H2S donors heal fibrotic kidney tissues, attenuate oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and GFR, and also modulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). In this review, we discuss the complex pathophysiological interplay in AKI and its available treatments along with future perspectives. The basic role of H2S in the kidney has been summarized, and recent references and knowledge gaps are also addressed. Finally, the healing effects of H2S in AKI are described with special emphasis on epigenetic regulation and matrix remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasi Gupta
- Department of Zoology, Trivenidevi Bhalotia College, College Para Rd, Raniganj 713347, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhadeep Mandal
- Department of Zoology, Trivenidevi Bhalotia College, College Para Rd, Raniganj 713347, West Bengal, India
| | - Kalyan Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, Trivenidevi Bhalotia College, College Para Rd, Raniganj 713347, West Bengal, India
| | - Hebah Almarshood
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sathnur B Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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2
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Dugbartey GJ. Physiological role of hydrogen sulfide in the kidney and its therapeutic implications for kidney diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115396. [PMID: 37647689 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
For over three centuries, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been known as a toxic and deadly gas at high concentrations, with a distinctive smell of rotten eggs. However, studies over the past two decades have shown that H2S has risen above its historically notorious label and has now received significant scientific attention as an endogenously produced gaseous signaling molecule that participates in cellular homeostasis and influences a myriad of physiological and pathological processes at low concentrations. Its endogenous production is enzymatically regulated, and when dysregulated, contributes to pathogenesis of renal diseases. In addition, exogenous H2S administration has been reported to exhibit important therapeutic characteristics that target multiple molecular pathways in common renal pathologies in which reduced levels of renal and plasma H2S were observed. This review highlights functional anatomy of the kidney and renal production of H2S. The review also discusses current understanding of H2S in renal physiology and seeks to lay the foundation as a new targeted therapeutic agent for renal pathologies such as hypertensive nephropathy, diabetic kidney disease and water balance disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Dugbartey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Accra College of Medicine, Magnolia St, JVX5+FX9, East Legon, Accra, Ghana.
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3
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Dugbartey GJ, Juriasingani S, Richard-Mohamed M, Rasmussen A, Levine M, Liu W, Haig A, Whiteman M, Arp J, Luke PP, Sener A. Static Cold Storage with Mitochondria-Targeted Hydrogen Sulfide Donor Improves Renal Graft Function in an Ex Vivo Porcine Model of Controlled Donation-after-Cardiac-Death Kidney Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14017. [PMID: 37762319 PMCID: PMC10530714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The global donor kidney shortage crisis has necessitated the use of suboptimal kidneys from donors-after-cardiac-death (DCD). Using an ex vivo porcine model of DCD kidney transplantation, the present study investigates whether the addition of hydrogen sulfide donor, AP39, to University of Wisconsin (UW) solution improves graft quality. Renal pedicles of male pigs were clamped in situ for 30 min and the ureters and arteries were cannulated to mimic DCD. Next, both donor kidneys were nephrectomized and preserved by static cold storage in UW solution with or without AP39 (200 nM) at 4 °C for 4 h followed by reperfusion with stressed autologous blood for 4 h at 37 °C using ex vivo pulsatile perfusion apparatus. Urine and arterial blood samples were collected hourly during reperfusion. After 4 h of reperfusion, kidneys were collected for histopathological analysis. Compared to the UW-only group, UW+AP39 group showed significantly higher pO2 (p < 0.01) and tissue oxygenation (p < 0.05). Also, there were significant increases in urine production and blood flow rate, and reduced levels of urine protein, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, plasma Na+ and K+, as well as reduced intrarenal resistance in the UW+AP39 group compared to the UW-only group. Histologically, AP39 preserved renal structure by reducing the apoptosis of renal tubular cells and immune cell infiltration. Our finding could lay the foundation for improved graft preservation and reduce the increasingly poor outcomes associated with DCD kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J. Dugbartey
- Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada (J.A.)
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
- Physiology & Pharmacology Department, Accra College of Medicine, Accra P.O. Box CT 9828, Ghana
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG43, Ghana
| | - Smriti Juriasingani
- Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada (J.A.)
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Mahms Richard-Mohamed
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
| | - Andrew Rasmussen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
| | - Max Levine
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
| | - Winnie Liu
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Aaron Haig
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Matthew Whiteman
- St. Luke’s Campus, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2HZ, UK
| | - Jacqueline Arp
- Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada (J.A.)
| | - Patrick P.W. Luke
- Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada (J.A.)
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
| | - Alp Sener
- Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada (J.A.)
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
- Physiology & Pharmacology Department, Accra College of Medicine, Accra P.O. Box CT 9828, Ghana
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4
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Chen CJ, Cheng MC, Hsu CN, Tain YL. Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Sulfur Compounds on Kidney Health and Disease. Metabolites 2023; 13:688. [PMID: 37367846 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a decisive role in kidney health and disease. H2S can ben synthesized via enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways, as well as gut microbial origins. Kidney disease can originate in early life induced by various maternal insults throughout the process, namely renal programming. Sulfur-containing amino acids and sulfate are essential in normal pregnancy and fetal development. Dysregulated H2S signaling behind renal programming is linked to deficient nitric oxide, oxidative stress, the aberrant renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. In animal models of renal programming, treatment with sulfur-containing amino acids, N-acetylcysteine, H2S donors, and organosulfur compounds during gestation and lactation could improve offspring's renal outcomes. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding sulfide/sulfate implicated in pregnancy and kidney development, current evidence supporting the interactions between H2S signaling and underlying mechanisms of renal programming, and recent advances in the beneficial actions of sulfide-related interventions on the prevention of kidney disease. Modifying H2S signaling is the novel therapeutic and preventive approach to reduce the global burden of kidney disease; however, more work is required to translate this into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Jen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chou Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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5
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Liu B, Wang S, Xu M, Ma Y, Sun R, Ding H, Li L. The double-edged role of hydrogen sulfide in the pathomechanism of multiple liver diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:899859. [PMID: 36588686 PMCID: PMC9800830 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.899859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian systems, hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-one of the three known gaseous signaling molecules in mammals-has been found to have a variety of physiological functions. Existing studies have demonstrated that endogenous H2S is produced through enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways. The liver is the body's largest solid organ and is essential for H2S synthesis and elimination. Mounting evidence suggests H2S has essential roles in various aspects of liver physiological processes and pathological conditions, such as hepatic lipid metabolism, liver fibrosis, liver ischemia‒reperfusion injury, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatotoxicity, and acute liver failure. In this review, we discuss the functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of H2S in multiple liver pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihan Liu
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Ma
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiguo Ding
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Lei Li,
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Feng J, Lu X, Li H, Wang S. The roles of hydrogen sulfide in renal physiology and disease states. Ren Fail 2022; 44:1289-1308. [PMID: 35930288 PMCID: PMC9359156 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2107936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous gaseous signaling transmitter, has gained recognition for its physiological effects. In this review, we aim to summarize and discuss existing studies about the roles of H2S in renal functions and renal disease as well as the underlying mechanisms. H2S is mainly produced by four pathways, and the kidneys are major H2S–producing organs. Previous studies have shown that H2S can impact multiple signaling pathways via sulfhydration. In renal physiology, H2S promotes kidney excretion, regulates renin release and increases ATP production as a sensor for oxygen. H2S is also involved in the development of kidney disease. H2S has been implicated in renal ischemia/reperfusion and cisplatin–and sepsis–induced kidney disease. In chronic kidney diseases, especially diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy and obstructive kidney disease, H2S attenuates disease progression by regulating oxidative stress, inflammation and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. Despite accumulating evidence from experimental studies suggesting the potential roles of H2S donors in the treatment of kidney disease, these results need further clinical translation. Therefore, expanding the understanding of H2S can not only promote our further understanding of renal physiology but also lay a foundation for transforming H2S into a target for specific kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangxue Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shixiang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Petrosino M, Zuhra K, Kopec J, Hutchin A, Szabo C, Majtan T. H 2S biogenesis by cystathionine beta-synthase: mechanism of inhibition by aminooxyacetic acid and unexpected role of serine. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:438. [PMID: 35864237 PMCID: PMC9304066 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) is a pivotal enzyme of the transsulfuration pathway responsible for diverting homocysteine to the biosynthesis of cysteine and production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Aberrant upregulation of CBS and overproduction of H2S contribute to pathophysiology of several diseases including cancer and Down syndrome. Therefore, pharmacological CBS inhibition has emerged as a prospective therapeutic approach. Here, we characterized binding and inhibitory mechanism of aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), the most commonly used CBS inhibitor. We found that AOAA binds CBS tighter than its respective substrates and forms a dead-end PLP-bound intermediate featuring an oxime bond. Surprisingly, serine, but not cysteine, replaced AOAA from CBS and formed an aminoacrylate reaction intermediate, which allowed for the continuation of the catalytic cycle. Indeed, serine rescued and essentially normalized the enzymatic activity of AOAA-inhibited CBS. Cellular studies confirmed that AOAA decreased H2S production and bioenergetics, while additional serine rescued CBS activity, H2S production and mitochondrial function. The crystal structure of AOAA-bound human CBS showed a lack of hydrogen bonding with residues G305 and Y308, found in the serine-bound model. Thus, AOAA-inhibited CBS could be reactivated by serine. This difference may be important in a cellular environment in multiple pathophysiological conditions and may modulate the CBS-inhibitory activity of AOAA. In addition, our results demonstrate additional complexities of using AOAA as a CBS-specific inhibitor of H2S biogenesis and point to the urgent need to develop a potent, selective and specific pharmacological CBS inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Petrosino
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musee 18, PER17, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Karim Zuhra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musee 18, PER17, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jola Kopec
- Structural Biology Unit, Evotec Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Abingdon, OX14 4RZ, UK
| | - Andrew Hutchin
- Structural Biology Unit, Evotec Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Abingdon, OX14 4RZ, UK
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musee 18, PER17, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Majtan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musee 18, PER17, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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8
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Pharmacological Inhibition of Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuates Breast Cancer Progression. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134049. [PMID: 35807290 PMCID: PMC9268373 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous signaling molecule, is associated with the development of various malignancies via modulating various cellular signaling cascades. Published research has established the fact that inhibition of endogenous H2S production or exposure of H2S donors is an effective approach against cancer progression. However, the effect of pharmacological inhibition of endogenous H2S-producing enzymes (cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MPST)) on the growth of breast cancer (BC) remains unknown. In the present study, DL-propargylglycine (PAG, inhibitor of CSE), aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA, inhibitor of CBS), and L-aspartic acid (L-Asp, inhibitor of 3-MPST) were used to determine the role of endogenous H2S in the growth of BC by in vitro and in vivo experiments. An in silico study was also performed to confirm the results. Corresponding to each enzyme in separate groups, we treated BC cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) with 10 mM of PAG, AOAA, and L-Asp for 24 h. Findings reveal that the combined dose (PAG + AOAA + L-Asp) group showed exclusive inhibitory effects on BC cells’ viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion compared to the control group. Further, treated cells exhibited increased apoptosis and a reduced level of phospho (p)-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases such as p-AKT, p-PI3K, and p-mTOR. Moreover, the combined group exhibited potent inhibitory effects on the growth of BC xenograft tumors in nude mice, without obvious toxicity. The molecular docking results were consistent with the wet lab experiments and enhanced the reliability of the drugs. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the inhibition of endogenous H2S production can significantly inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cells via the AKT/PI3K/mTOR pathway and suggest that endogenous H2S may act as a promising therapeutic target in human BC cells. Our study also empowers the rationale to design novel H2S-based anti-tumor drugs to cure BC.
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Ascenção K, Szabo C. Emerging roles of cystathionine β-synthase in various forms of cancer. Redox Biol 2022; 53:102331. [PMID: 35618601 PMCID: PMC9168780 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the reverse transsulfuration enzyme cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) is markedly increased in many forms of cancer, including colorectal, ovarian, lung, breast and kidney, while in other cancers (liver cancer and glioma) it becomes downregulated. According to the clinical database data in high-CBS-expressor cancers (e.g. colon or ovarian cancer), high CBS expression typically predicts lower survival, while in the low-CBS-expressor cancers (e.g. liver cancer), low CBS expression is associated with lower survival. In the high-CBS expressing tumor cells, CBS, and its product hydrogen sulfide (H2S) serves as a bioenergetic, proliferative, cytoprotective and stemness factor; it also supports angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the cancer microenvironment. The current article reviews the various tumor-cell-supporting roles of the CBS/H2S axis in high-CBS expressor cancers and overviews the anticancer effects of CBS silencing and pharmacological CBS inhibition in various cancer models in vitro and in vivo; it also outlines potential approaches for biomarker identification, to support future targeted cancer therapies based on pharmacological CBS inhibition.
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10
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Peleli M, Zampas P, Papapetropoulos A. Hydrogen Sulfide and the Kidney: Physiological Roles, Contribution to Pathophysiology, and Therapeutic Potential. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:220-243. [PMID: 34978847 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third member of the gasotransmitter family, has a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antioxidant and cytoprotective actions, as well as vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects. New, significant aspects of H2S biology in the kidney continue to emerge, underscoring the importance of this signaling molecule in kidney homeostasis, function, and disease. Recent Advances: H2S signals via three main mechanisms, by maintaining redox balance through its antioxidant actions, by post-translational modifications of cellular proteins (S-sulfhydration), and by binding to protein metal centers. Important renal functions such as glomerular filtration, renin release, or sodium reabsorption have been shown to be regulated by H2S, using either exogenous donors or by the endogenous-producing systems. Critical Issues: Lower H2S levels are observed in many renal pathologies, including renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and obstructive, diabetic, or hypertensive nephropathy. Unraveling the molecular targets through which H2S exerts its beneficial effects would be of great importance not only for understanding basic renal physiology, but also for identifying new pharmacological interventions for renal disease. Future Directions: Additional studies are needed to better understand the role of H2S in the kidney. Mapping the expression pattern of H2S-producing and -degrading enzymes in renal cells and generation of cell-specific knockout mice based on this information will be invaluable in the effort to unravel additional roles for H2S in kidney (patho)physiology. With this knowledge, novel targeted more effective therapeutic strategies for renal disease can be designed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 220-243.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Peleli
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevas Zampas
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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11
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Drobna M, Berenyiova A, Cacanyiova S. The effect of the long-term inhibition of hydrogen sulfide production on the reactivity of the cardiovascular system in Wistar rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:464-472. [PMID: 35104157 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the blood pressure responses of the peripheral bed in vivo after chronic hydrogen sulphide (H2S) inhibition combined with acute nitric oxide (NO) deficiency. We also evaluated the role of endogenously produced H2S in the vasoactive responses of large- and medium-sized arteries in vitro. Changes in integrated blood pressure responses were measured after chronic inhibition of cystathionine-γ-lyase, an enzyme involved in H2S synthesis, with DL-propargylglycine (PPG), and acute inhibition of NO-synthase with nonspecific L-NG-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and vasoactive responses of the thoracic aorta (TA) and mesenteric artery (MA) were investigated after acute incubation with PPG. We confirmed that chronic H2S deficiency had no effect on blood pressure, heart trophycity, noradrenaline and H2S donor vasoactive responses but induced renal hypertrophy and decrease in acetylcholine-induced hypotensive and L-NAME-induced hypertensive responses. Acute H2S deficiency led to an increase in basal tone (MA) or active tone (TA), whereas endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation remained unaffected. Long-term administration of PPG revealed a role of endogenous H2S in the bioavailability of endothelial NO in peripheral arteries. When both H2S and NO were lacking, the activation of H2S-independent compensatory mechanisms plays an important role in maintaining the vasodilator responses of the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Drobna
- Centre of Experimental Medicine Slovak Academy of Sciences, 575841, Institute of Normal and Pahtological Physiology, Bratislava, Slovakia, 841 04;
| | - Andrea Berenyiova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine Slovak Academy of Sciences, 575841, Institute of Normal and Pahtological Physiology, Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Sona Cacanyiova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine Slovak Academy of Sciences, 575841, Institute of Normal and Pahtological Physiology, Bratislava, Slovakia;
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12
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Zhu C, Liu Q, Li X, Wei R, Ge T, Zheng X, Li B, Liu K, Cui R. Hydrogen sulfide: A new therapeutic target in vascular diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:934231. [PMID: 36034427 PMCID: PMC9399516 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.934231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of most important gas transmitters. H2S modulates many physiological and pathological processes such as inflammation, oxidative stress and cell apoptosis that play a critical role in vascular function. Recently, solid evidence show that H2S is closely associated to various vascular diseases. However, specific function of H2S remains unclear. Therefore, in this review we systemically summarized the role of H2S in vascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, inflammation and angiogenesis. In addition, this review also outlined a novel therapeutic perspective comprising crosstalk between H2S and smooth muscle cell function. Therefore, this review may provide new insight inH2S application clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuilin Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tongtong Ge
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiufen Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kexiang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Ranji Cui, ; Kexiang Liu,
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Ranji Cui, ; Kexiang Liu,
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13
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Sun HJ, Wu ZY, Nie XW, Wang XY, Bian JS. An Updated Insight Into Molecular Mechanism of Hydrogen Sulfide in Cardiomyopathy and Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Under Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:651884. [PMID: 34764865 PMCID: PMC8576408 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.651884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common complications of diabetes, and diabetic cardiomyopathy is a major cause of people death in diabetes. Molecular, transcriptional, animal, and clinical studies have discovered numerous therapeutic targets or drugs for diabetic cardiomyopathy. Within this, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous gasotransmitter alongside with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), is found to play a critical role in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Recently, the protective roles of H2S in diabetic cardiomyopathy have attracted enormous attention. In addition, H2S donors confer favorable effects in myocardial infarction, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and heart failure under diabetic conditions. Further studies have disclosed that multiplex molecular mechanisms are responsible for the protective effects of H2S against diabetes-elicited cardiac injury, such as anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-necrotic properties. In this review, we will summarize the current findings on H2S biology and pharmacology, especially focusing on the novel mechanisms of H2S-based protection against diabetic cardiomyopathy. Also, the potential roles of H2S in diabetes-aggravated ischaemia-reperfusion injury are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Wei Nie
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Shenzhen Second People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
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14
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Jeddi S, Gheibi S, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. Sodium hydrosulfide has no additive effects on nitrite-inhibited renal gluconeogenesis in type 2 diabetic rats. Life Sci 2021; 283:119870. [PMID: 34352258 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased renal and hepatic gluconeogenesis are important sources of fasting hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The inhibitory effect of co-administration of sodium nitrite and sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) on hepatic but not renal gluconeogenesis has been reported in rats with T2D. The present study aimed to determine the effects of co-administration of sodium nitrite and NaSH on the expression of genes involved in renal gluconeogenesis in rats with T2D. METHODS T2D was induced by a combination of a high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin (30 mg/kg). Male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 6/group): Control, T2D, T2D + nitrite, T2D + NaSH, and T2D + nitrite+NaSH. Nitrite and NaSH were administered for nine weeks at a dose of 50 mg/L (in drinking water) and 0.28 mg/kg (daily intraperitoneal injection), respectively. Serum levels of urea and creatinine, and mRNA expressions of PEPCK, G6Pase, FBPase, PC, PI3K, AKT, PGC-1α, and FoxO1 in the renal tissue, were measured at the end of the study. RESULTS Nitrite decreased mRNA expression of PEPCK by 39%, G6Pase by 43%, FBPase by 41%, PC by 63%, PGC-1α by 45%, and FoxO1 by 27% in the renal tissue of rats with T2D; co-administration of nitrite and NaSH further decreases FoxO1, while had no additive effects on the tissue expression of the other genes. In addition, nitrite+NaSH decreased elevated serum urea levels by 58% and creatinine by 37% in rats with T2D. CONCLUSION The inhibitory effect of nitrite on gluconeogenesis in T2D rats is at least in part due to decreased mRNA expressions of renal gluconeogenic genes. Unlike effects on hepatic gluconeogenesis, co-administration of nitrite and NaSH has no additive effects on genes involved in renal gluconeogenesis in rats with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sevda Gheibi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, USA
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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GASOMEDIATOR H2S IN THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech13.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review was aimed to briefly summarize current knowledge of the biological roles of gasomediator H2S in hemostasis and cardiovascular diseases. Since the discovery that mammalian cells are enzymatically producing H2S, this molecule underwent a dramatic metamorphosis from dangerous pollutant to a biologically relevant mediator. As a gasomediator, hydrogen sulfide plays a role of signaling molecule, which is involved in a number of processes in health and disease, including pathogenesis of cardiovascular abnormalities, mainly through modulating different patterns of vasculature functions and thrombotic events. Recently, several studies have provided unequivocal evidence that H2S reduces blood platelet reactivity by inhibiting different stages of platelet activation (platelet adhesion, secretion and aggregation) and thrombus formation. Moreover, H2S changes the structure and function of fibrinogen and proteins associated with fibrinolysis. Hydrogen sulfide regulates proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells, thus modulating angiogenesis and vessel function. Undoubtedly, H2S is also involved in a multitude of other physiological functions. For example, it exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting ROS production and increasing expression of antioxidant enzymes. Some studies have demonstrated the role of hydrogen sulfide as a therapeutic agent in various diseases, including cardiovascular pathologies. Further studies are required to evaluate its importance as a regulator of cell physiology and associated cardiovascular pathological conditions such as myocardial infarction and stroke.
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16
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Zuhra K, Augsburger F, Majtan T, Szabo C. Cystathionine-β-Synthase: Molecular Regulation and Pharmacological Inhibition. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E697. [PMID: 32365821 PMCID: PMC7277093 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), the first (and rate-limiting) enzyme in the transsulfuration pathway, is an important mammalian enzyme in health and disease. Its biochemical functions under physiological conditions include the metabolism of homocysteine (a cytotoxic molecule and cardiovascular risk factor) and the generation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous biological mediator with multiple regulatory roles in the vascular, nervous, and immune system. CBS is up-regulated in several diseases, including Down syndrome and many forms of cancer; in these conditions, the preclinical data indicate that inhibition or inactivation of CBS exerts beneficial effects. This article overviews the current information on the expression, tissue distribution, physiological roles, and biochemistry of CBS, followed by a comprehensive overview of direct and indirect approaches to inhibit the enzyme. Among the small-molecule CBS inhibitors, the review highlights the specificity and selectivity problems related to many of the commonly used "CBS inhibitors" (e.g., aminooxyacetic acid) and provides a comprehensive review of their pharmacological actions under physiological conditions and in various disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Zuhra
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1702 Fribourg, Switzerland; (K.Z.); (F.A.)
| | - Fiona Augsburger
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1702 Fribourg, Switzerland; (K.Z.); (F.A.)
| | - Tomas Majtan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1702 Fribourg, Switzerland; (K.Z.); (F.A.)
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17
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Yan L, Jiaqiong L, Yue G, Xiaoyong L, Xuexian T, Ming L, Yinglan L, Xinxue L, Zena H. Atorvastatin protects against contrast-induced acute kidney injury via upregulation of endogenous hydrogen sulfide. Ren Fail 2020; 42:270-281. [PMID: 33685337 PMCID: PMC7144258 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2020.1740098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) is the third leading cause of acute renal failure in hospitalized patients. This study was aimed to investigate whether atorvastatin could upregulate the expression of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and hence protect against CIAKI. Methods We treated male rats and NRK-52E cells by iopromide to establish in vivo and in vitro models of CIAKI. Pretreatment with atorvastatin was given in CIAKI rats to investigate its effect on CIAKI. We collected serum and urine samples to detect renal function. We obtained kidney tissue for histological analysis and detection of protein concentration. We tested the serum concentration of H2S and renal expression of two H2S synthetases [cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine-β synthase (CBS)]. NaHS was pretreated in NRK-52E cells to testify its underlying effect on contrast-induced injury. Results Atorvastatin significantly ameliorated renal dysfunction and morphological changes in CIAKI rats, as well as inflammation, apoptosis, and excessive oxidative stress. Atorvastatin also markedly increased the serum concentration of H2S and renal expression of CSE and CBS. Moreover, pretreatment with NaHS in NRK-52E cells considerably attenuated contrast-induced cell death and inflammation. Conclusion Atorvastatin protects against CIAKI via upregulation of endogenous hydrogen sulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Jiaqiong
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo Yue
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Xiaoyong
- Department of General Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tan Xuexian
- Department of Pathology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long Ming
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yinglan
- Department of Endocrine, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liao Xinxue
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huang Zena
- Department of General Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Donertas Ayaz B, Zubcevic J. Gut microbiota and neuroinflammation in pathogenesis of hypertension: A potential role for hydrogen sulfide. Pharmacol Res 2020; 153:104677. [PMID: 32023431 PMCID: PMC7056572 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and gut dysbiosis are hallmarks of hypertension (HTN). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important freely diffusing molecule that modulates the function of neural, cardiovascular and immune systems, and circulating levels of H2S are reduced in animals and humans with HTN. While most research to date has focused on H₂S produced endogenously by the host, H2S is also produced by the gut bacteria and may affect the host homeostasis. Here, we review an association between neuroinflammation and gut dysbiosis in HTN, with special emphasis on a potential role of H2S in this interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Donertas Ayaz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Eskisehir Osmangazi, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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19
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Terstappen F, Clarke SM, Joles JA, Ross CA, Garrett MR, Minnion M, Feelisch M, van Goor H, Sasser JM, Lely AT. Sodium Thiosulfate in the Pregnant Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rat, a Model of Preeclampsia. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020302. [PMID: 32075042 PMCID: PMC7072460 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been linked to preeclampsia. We hypothesized that sodium thiosulfate (STS), a H2S donor, reduces hypertension and proteinuria, and diminishes fetal growth restriction in the Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rat, a spontaneous model of superimposed preeclampsia. In addition to a control group (n = 13), two groups received STS via drinking water at a dose of 2 g (n = 9) or 3 g per kg body weight per day (n = 8) from gestational day (GD) 10 to 20. Uterine artery resistance index was measured (GD18), urinary protein excretion rate was determined (GD19), and blood pressure and fetal outcomes were evaluated (GD20). At 2 g, STS had no effect on preeclamptic symptoms or fetal outcome. At 3 g, STS reduced maternal hypertension (121.8 ± 3.0 vs. 136.3 ± 2.9), but increased proteinuria (89 ± 15 vs. 56 ± 5 mg/24h), and relative kidney weight (0.86 ± 0.04 vs. 0.73 ± 0.02%). Fetal/placental weight ratio was reduced (3.83 ± 0.07 vs. 4.31 ± 0.08) without affecting litter size. No differences in uterine artery flow or renal histological damage were noted across treatment groups. While these data suggest a promising antihypertensive effect that could imply prolongation of preeclamptic pregnancies, the unfavorable effects on proteinuria, kidney weight, and fetal/placental weight ratio implies that clinical implementation of STS is contra-indicated until safety for mother and child can be verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fieke Terstappen
- Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.M.C.); (A.T.L.)
- Department of Developmental Origins of Disease (DDOD), Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-88-757-7251
| | - Sinéad M. Clarke
- Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.M.C.); (A.T.L.)
| | - Jaap A. Joles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508GA Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Courtney A Ross
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA; (C.A.R.); (M.R.G.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Michael R. Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA; (C.A.R.); (M.R.G.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Magdalena Minnion
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.M.); (M.F.)
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.M.); (M.F.)
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Jennifer M. Sasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA; (C.A.R.); (M.R.G.); (J.M.S.)
| | - A. Titia Lely
- Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.M.C.); (A.T.L.)
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20
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Szabo C. The re-emerging pathophysiological role of the cystathionine-β-synthase - hydrogen sulfide system in Down syndrome. FEBS J 2020; 287:3150-3160. [PMID: 31955501 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is associated with significant perturbances in many morphological and biochemical features. Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) is one of the key mammalian enzymes that is responsible for the biological production of the gaseous transmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2 S). When H2 S is overproduced, it can exert detrimental cellular effects, in part due to inhibition of mitochondrial Complex IV activity. An increased expression of CBS and the consequent overproduction of H2 S are well documented in individuals with DS. Two decades ago, it has been proposed that a toxic overproduction of H2 S importantly contributes to the metabolic and neurological deficits associated with DS. However, until recently, this hypothesis has not yet been tested experimentally. Recent data generated in human dermal fibroblasts show that DS cells overproduce H2 S, which, in turn, suppresses mitochondrial Complex IV activity and impairs mitochondrial oxygen consumption and ATP generation. Therapeutic CBS inhibition lifts the tonic (and reversible) suppression of Complex IV: This results in the normalization of mitochondrial function in DS cells. H2 S may also contribute to the cellular dysfunction via several other molecular mechanisms through interactions with various mitochondrial and extramitochondrial molecular targets. The current article provides a historical background of the field, summarizes the recently published data and their potential implications, and outlines potential translational approaches (such as CBS inhibition and H2 S neutralization) and future experimental studies in this re-emerging field of pathobiochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
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21
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Sun HJ, Wu ZY, Nie XW, Bian JS. Role of Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Link Between Inflammation and Hydrogen Sulfide. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1568. [PMID: 32038245 PMCID: PMC6985156 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells are important constituents of blood vessels that play critical roles in cardiovascular homeostasis by regulating blood fluidity and fibrinolysis, vascular tone, angiogenesis, monocyte/leukocyte adhesion, and platelet aggregation. The normal vascular endothelium is taken as a gatekeeper of cardiovascular health, whereas abnormality of vascular endothelium is a major contributor to a plethora of cardiovascular ailments, such as atherosclerosis, aging, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by imbalanced vasodilation and vasoconstriction, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), and proinflammatory factors, as well as deficiency of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. The occurrence of endothelial dysfunction disrupts the endothelial barrier permeability that is a part of inflammatory response in the development of cardiovascular diseases. As such, abrogation of endothelial cell activation/inflammation is of clinical relevance. Recently, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an entry as a gasotransmitter, exerts diverse biological effects through acting on various targeted signaling pathways. Within the cardiovascular system, the formation of H2S is detected in smooth muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells, and cardiomyocytes. Disrupted H2S bioavailability is postulated to be a new indicator for endothelial cell inflammation and its associated endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we will summarize recent advances about the roles of H2S in endothelial cell homeostasis, especially under pathological conditions, and discuss its putative therapeutic applications in endothelial inflammation-associated cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Wei Nie
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
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22
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Murphy B, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Hydrogen sulfide signaling in mitochondria and disease. FASEB J 2019; 33:13098-13125. [PMID: 31648556 PMCID: PMC6894098 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901304r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide can signal through 3 distinct mechanisms: 1) reduction and/or direct binding of metalloprotein heme centers, 2) serving as a potent antioxidant through reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species scavenging, or 3) post-translational modification of proteins by addition of a thiol (-SH) group onto reactive cysteine residues: a process known as persulfidation. Below toxic levels, hydrogen sulfide promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and function, thereby conferring protection against cellular stress. For these reasons, increases in hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen sulfide-producing enzymes have been implicated in several human disease states. This review will first summarize our current understanding of hydrogen sulfide production and metabolism, as well as its signaling mechanisms; second, this work will detail the known mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide in the mitochondria and the implications of its mitochondrial-specific impacts in several pathologic conditions.-Murphy, B., Bhattacharya, R., Mukherjee, P. Hydrogen sulfide signaling in mitochondria and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennah Murphy
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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23
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Morales-Loredo H, Barrera A, Garcia JM, Pace CE, Naik JS, Gonzalez Bosc LV, Kanagy NL. Hydrogen sulfide regulation of renal and mesenteric blood flow. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H1157-H1165. [PMID: 31625777 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00303.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) dilates isolated arteries, and knockout of the H2S-synthesizing enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) increases blood pressure. However, the contributions of endogenously produced H2S to blood flow regulation in specific vascular beds are unknown. Published studies in isolated arteries show that CSE production of H2S influences vascular tone more in small mesenteric arteries than in renal arteries or the aorta. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate H2S regulation of blood pressure, vascular resistance, and regional blood flows using chronically instrumented rats. We hypothesized that during whole animal CSE inhibition, vascular resistance would increase more in the mesenteric than the renal circulation. Under anesthesia, CSE inhibition [β-cyanoalanine (BCA), 30 mg/kg bolus + 5 mg·kg-1·min-1 for 20 min iv) rapidly increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) more than saline administration (%Δ: saline -1.4 ± 0.75 vs. BCA 7.1 ± 1.69, P < 0.05) but did not change resistance (MAP/flow) in either the mesenteric or renal circulation. In conscious rats, BCA infusion similarly increased MAP (%Δ: saline -0.8 ± 1.18 vs. BCA 8.2 ± 2.6, P < 0.05, n = 7) and significantly increased mesenteric resistance (saline 0.9 ± 3.1 vs. BCA 15.6 ± 6.5, P < 0.05, n = 12). The H2S donor Na2S (50 mg/kg) decreased blood pressure and mesenteric resistance ,but the fall in resistance was not significant. Inhibiting CSE for multiple days with dl-proparglycine (PAG, 50 mg·kg-1·min-1 iv bolus for 5 days) significantly increased vascular resistance in both mesenteric (ratio of day 1: saline 0.86 ± 0.033 vs. PAG 1.79 ± 0.38) and renal circulations (ratio of day 1: saline 1.26 ± 0.22 vs. 1.98 ± 0.14 PAG). These results support our hypothesis that CSE-derived H2S is an important regulator of blood pressure and vascular resistance in both mesenteric and renal circulations. Furthermore, inhalation anesthesia diminishes the effect of CSE inhibition on vascular tone.NEW & NOTEWORTHY These results suggest that CSE-derived H2S has a prominent role in regulating blood pressure and blood flow under physiological conditions, which may have been underestimated in prior studies in anesthetized subjects. Therefore, enhancing substrate availability or enzyme activity or dosing with H2S donors could be a novel therapeutic approach to treat cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Morales-Loredo
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Adelaeda Barrera
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Joshua M Garcia
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Carolyn E Pace
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Jay S Naik
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Laura V Gonzalez Bosc
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nancy L Kanagy
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Xu JW, Gao DD, Peng L, Qiu ZE, Ke LJ, Zhu YX, Zhang YL, Zhou WL. The gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide inhibits transepithelial anion secretion of pregnant mouse endometrial epithelium. Nitric Oxide 2019; 90:37-46. [PMID: 31175932 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial epithelium exhibits a robust ion transport activity required for dynamical regulation of uterine fluid environment and thus embryo implantation. However, there still lacks a thorough understanding of the ion transport processes and regulatory mechanism in peri-implantation endometrial epithelium. As a gaseous signaling molecule or gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) regulates a myriad of cellular and physiological processes in various tissues, including the modulation of ion transport proteins in epithelium. This study aimed to investigate the effects of H2S on ion transport across mouse endometrial epithelium and its possible role in embryo implantation. The existence of endogenous H2S in pregnant mouse uterus was tested by the detection of two key H2S-generating enzymes and measurement of H2S production rate in tissue homogenates. Transepithelial ion transport processes were electrophysiologically assessed in Ussing chambers on early pregnant mouse endometrial epithelial layers, demonstrating that H2S suppressed the anion secretion by blocking cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). H2S increased intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) in mouse endometrial epithelial cells, which was abolished by pretreatment with the CFTR selective inhibitor CFTRinh-172. The cAMP level in mouse endometrial epithelial cells was not affected by H2S, indicating that H2S blocked CFTR in a cAMP-independent way. In vivo study showed that interference with H2S synthesis impaired embryo implantation. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that H2S inhibits the transepithelial anion secretion of early pregnant mouse endometrial epithelium via blockade of CFTR, contributing to the preparation for embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, No. 132, Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Dong Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, No. 132, Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, No. 132, Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Er Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, No. 132, Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Jiao Ke
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, No. 132, Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Xin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, No. 132, Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Lin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, No. 132, Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wen-Liang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, No. 132, Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China.
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25
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Spalloni A, Greco V, Ciriminna G, Corasolla Carregari V, Marini F, Pieroni L, Mercuri NB, Urbani A, Longone P. Impact of Pharmacological Inhibition of Hydrogen Sulphide Production in the SOD1G93A-ALS Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102550. [PMID: 31137614 PMCID: PMC6567312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of factors can trigger amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), although its precise pathogenesis is still uncertain. In a previous study done by us, poisonous liquoral levels of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in sporadic ALS patients were reported. In the same study very high concentrations of H2S in the cerebral tissues of the familial ALS (fALS) model of the SOD1G93A mouse, were measured. The objective of this study was to test whether decreasing the levels of H2S in the fALS mouse could be beneficial. Amino-oxyacetic acid (AOA)—a systemic dual inhibitor of cystathionine-β-synthase and cystathionine-γ lyase (two key enzymes in the production of H2S)—was administered to fALS mice. AOA treatment decreased the content of H2S in the cerebral tissues, and the lifespan of female mice increased by approximately ten days, while disease progression in male mice was not affected. The histological evaluation of the spinal cord of the females revealed a significant increase in GFAP positivity and a significant decrease in IBA1 positivity. In conclusion, the results of the study indicate that, in the animal model, the inhibition of H2S production is more effective in females. The findings reinforce the need to adequately consider sex as a relevant factor in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alida Spalloni
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Viviana Greco
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Ciriminna
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Victor Corasolla Carregari
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Marini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luisa Pieroni
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Proteomics and Metabonomics Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Nicola B Mercuri
- Department of Systems Medicine, Policlinico Universitario "Tor Vergata", University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Experimental Neurology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Longone
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
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Riggs JL, Pace CE, Ward HH, Gonzalez Bosc LV, Rios L, Barrera A, Kanagy NL. Intermittent hypoxia exacerbates increased blood pressure in rats with chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F927-F941. [PMID: 29897288 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00420.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney injury and sleep apnea (SA) are independent risk factors for hypertension. Exposing rats to intermittent hypoxia (IH) to simulate SA increases blood pressure whereas adenine feeding causes persistent kidney damage to model chronic kidney disease (CKD). We hypothesized that exposing CKD rats to IH would exacerbate the development of hypertension and renal failure. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a 0.2% adenine diet or control diet (Control) until blood urea nitrogen was >120 mg/dl in adenine-fed rats (14 ± 4 days, mean ± SE). After 2 wk of recovery on normal chow, rats were exposed to IH (20 exposures/h of 5% O2-5% CO2 7 h/day) or control conditions (Air) for 6 wk. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was monitored with telemeters, and plasma and urine samples were collected weekly to calculate creatinine clearance as an index of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Prior to IH, adenine-fed rats had higher blood pressure than rats on control diet. IH treatment increased MAP in both groups, and after 6 wk, MAP levels in the CKD/IH rats were greater than those in the CKD/Air and Control/IH rats. MAP levels in the Control/Air rats were lower than those in the other three groups. Kidney histology revealed crystalline deposits, tubule dilation, and interstitial fibrosis in both CKD groups. IH caused no additional kidney damage. Plasma creatinine was similarly increased in both CKD groups throughout whereas IH alone increased plasma creatinine. IH increases blood pressure further in CKD rats without augmenting declines in GFR but appears to impair GFR in healthy rats. We speculate that treating SA might decrease hypertension development in CKD patients and protect renal function in SA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Riggs
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Carolyn E Pace
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Heather H Ward
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Laura V Gonzalez Bosc
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Lynnette Rios
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Adelaeda Barrera
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nancy L Kanagy
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico
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27
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Choi EK, Park SH, Lim JA, Hong SW, Kwak KH, Park SS, Lim DG, Jung H. Beneficial Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Yonsei Med J 2018; 59:960-967. [PMID: 30187703 PMCID: PMC6127435 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.8.960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is an endogenous gaseous molecule with important physiological roles. It is synthesized from cysteine by cystathionine γ-lyase (CGL) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS). The present study examined the benefits of exogenous H₂S on renal ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury, as well as the effects of CGL or CBS inhibition. Furthermore, we elucidated the mechanism underlying the action of H₂S in the kidneys. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups: a sham, renal IR control, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) treatment, H₂S donor, and CGL or CBS inhibitor administration group. Levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), renal tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated. Histological changes, apoptosis, and expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members (extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38) were also evaluated. RESULTS NaHS attenuated serum BUN and Cr levels, as well as histological damage caused by renal IR injury. Administration of NaHS also reduced oxidative stress as evident from decreased MDA, preserved SOD, and reduced apoptotic cells. Additionally, NaHS prevented renal IR-induced MAPK phosphorylation. The CGL or CBS group showed increased MAPK family activity; however, there was no significant difference in the IR control group. CONCLUSION Exogenous H₂S can mitigate IR injury-led renal damage. The proposed beneficial effect of H₂S is, in part, because of the anti-oxidative stress associated with modulation of the MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sol Hee Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung A Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seong Wook Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Kwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung Sik Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hoon Jung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
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28
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Luo R, Hu S, Liu Q, Han M, Wang F, Qiu M, Li S, Li X, Yang T, Fu X, Wang W, Li C. Hydrogen sulfide upregulates renal AQP-2 protein expression and promotes urine concentration. FASEB J 2018; 33:469-483. [PMID: 30036087 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800436r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the important role of H2S in renal physiology and the pathogenesis of kidney injury. Whether H2S regulates water metabolism in the kidney and the potential mechanism are still unknown. The present study was conducted to determine the role of H2S in urine concentration. Inhibition of both cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), 2 major enzymes for endogenous H2S production, with propargylglycine (PPG) and amino-oxyacetate (AOAA), respectively, caused increased urine output and reduced urine osmolality in mice that was associated with decreased expression of aquaporin (AQP)-2 in the renal inner medulla. Mice treated with both PPG and AOAA developed a urine concentration defect in response to dehydration that was accompanied by reduced AQP-2 protein expression. Inhibition of CSE alone was associated with a mild decrease in AQP-2 protein level in the renal medulla of heterozygous CBS mice. GYY4137, a slow H2S donor, markedly improved urine concentration and prevented the down-regulation of renal AQP-2 protein expression in mice with lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). GYY4137 significantly increased cAMP levels in cell lysates prepared from inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) suspensions. AQP-2 protein expression was also upregulated, but was significantly inhibited by the adenyl cyclase inhibitor MDL12330A or the PKA inhibitor H89, but not the vasopressin 2 receptor (V2R) antagonist tolvaptan. Inhibition of endogenous H2S production impaired urine concentration in mice, whereas an exogenous H2S donor improved urine concentration in lithium-induced NDI by increasing AQP-2 expression in the collecting duct principal cells. H2S upregulated AQP-2 protein expression, probably via the cAMP-PKA pathway.-Luo, R., Hu, S., Liu, Q., Han, M., Wang, F., Qiu, M., Li, S., Li, X., Yang, T., Fu, X., Wang, W., Li, C. Hydrogen sulfide upregulates renal AQP-2 protein expression and promotes urine concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renfei Luo
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Hu
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojuan Liu
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengke Han
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaojuan Qiu
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suchun Li
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosa Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Xiaodong Fu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Weidong Wang
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a novel signaling molecule most recently found to be of fundamental importance in cellular function as a regulator of apoptosis, inflammation, and perfusion. Mechanisms of endogenous H2S signaling are poorly understood; however, signal transmission is thought to occur via persulfidation at reactive cysteine residues on proteins. Although much has been discovered about how H2S is synthesized in the body, less is known about how it is metabolized. Recent studies have discovered a multitude of different targets for H2S therapy, including those related to protein modification, intracellular signaling, and ion channel depolarization. The most difficult part of studying hydrogen sulfide has been finding a way to accurately and reproducibly measure it. The purpose of this review is to: elaborate on the biosynthesis and catabolism of H2S in the human body, review current knowledge of the mechanisms of action of this gas in relation to ischemic injury, define strategies for physiological measurement of H2S in biological systems, and review potential novel therapies that use H2S for treatment.
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30
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Zhou X, Tang S, Hu K, Zhang Z, Liu P, Luo Y, Kang J, Xu L. dl-Propargylglycine protects against myocardial injury induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia through inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Sleep Breath 2018; 22:853-863. [DOI: 10.1007/s11325-018-1656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Cao X, Wu Z, Xiong S, Cao L, Sethi G, Bian JS. The role of hydrogen sulfide in cyclic nucleotide signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 149:20-28. [PMID: 29158149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is recognized as an endogenous gaseous transmitter alongside nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). By integrating into multiple signaling pathways, H2S elicits biological functions in various mammalian systems. Among these pathways, cyclic nucleotide signaling has gradually gained attention in the past decade. Based on current evidence, it seems that H2S may differentially affect the activity of resting adenylyl cyclases (ACs) and activated ACs, therefore playing a dual role in the regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) mediated signaling. However, how H2S achieves the differential regulation on ACs remains unknown at molecular level. In the context of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) regulation, H2S augments its downstream signaling at least through three different mechanisms: (1) H2S potentiates the response of soluble guanylyl cyclases (sGCs) to NO; (2) H2S inhibits activity of phosphodiesterases (PDEs); and (3) H2S enhances the production of NO. By regulating cyclic nucleotide signaling, H2S possesses therapeutic potentials particularly for hypertension and cardiac injury which have also been discussed in the current review. Nevertheless, a detailed portrayal of H2S mediated interaction with target proteins is still required for a better understanding of the role of this important gaseous mediator in regulating cyclic nucleotide signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siping Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Jin S, Tan B, Teng X, Meng R, Jiao X, Tian D, Xiao L, Xue H, Guo Q, Duan X, Wu Y. Diurnal Fluctuations in Plasma Hydrogen Sulfide of the Mice. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:682. [PMID: 29056911 PMCID: PMC5635436 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are essential in a myriad of physiological processes to maintain homeostasis, especially the redox homeostasis. However, little is known about whether plasma H2S exhibits the physiological diurnal variation. The present study was performed to investigate the diurnal fluctuations of plasma H2S and explore the potential mechanisms. We found that the plasma H2S of the C57BL/6J mice was significantly higher at 19 o’clock than those at 7 o’clock which was not affected by the blood-collecting sequence and the concentrations of plasma cysteine (a precursor of H2S). No significant differences in mRNA or protein expression of the CSE, CBS, or MPST were observed between 7: 00 and 19: 00. There were also no significant differences in the CSE and CBS activities, while the activities of MPST in tissues were significantly higher at 19 o’clock. After treatment with AOAA (a CBS inhibitor) or PPG (a CSE inhibitor) for 14 days, plasma H2S concentrations at 19 o’clock were still significantly higher than those at 7 o’clock, although they were both significantly decreased as compared with controls. Identical findings were also observed in CSE KO mice. We also found the plasma H2O2 concentrations were significantly higher at 19 o’clock than those at 7 o’clock. However, H2O2 concentrations were significantly decreased at 19 o’clock than those at 7 o’clock when mice were exposed to continuous light for 24 h. Meanwhile, the diurnal fluctuations of plasma H2S levels and MPST activities in tissues were disappeared. After treatment with DTT for 14 days, there was no significant difference in plasma H2O2 concentrations between 7 o’clock and 19 o’clock. Meanwhile, the diurnal fluctuations of plasma H2S levels and MPST activities in tissues were disappeared. Identical findings were also observed in SOD2+/- mice. When heart tissues were incubated with increasing concentrations of H2O2in vitro, H2O2 could dose-dependently increase the activity of MPST within a certain concentration range. In conclusion, our studies revealed that plasma H2S concentration and tissue MPST activity exhibited diurnal fluctuations. Modulated by plasma H2O2 concentration, changes of MPST activity probably led to the diurnal fluctuations of plasma H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Jin
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bo Tan
- Clinical Pharmacokinetic Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Teng
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruoni Meng
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Danyang Tian
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongmei Xue
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaocui Duan
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Vascular Medicine of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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33
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Szabo C, Papapetropoulos A. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CII: Pharmacological Modulation of H 2S Levels: H 2S Donors and H 2S Biosynthesis Inhibitors. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 69:497-564. [PMID: 28978633 PMCID: PMC5629631 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as an important endogenous gasotransmitter in mammalian cells and tissues. Similar to the previously characterized gasotransmitters nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, H2S is produced by various enzymatic reactions and regulates a host of physiologic and pathophysiological processes in various cells and tissues. H2S levels are decreased in a number of conditions (e.g., diabetes mellitus, ischemia, and aging) and are increased in other states (e.g., inflammation, critical illness, and cancer). Over the last decades, multiple approaches have been identified for the therapeutic exploitation of H2S, either based on H2S donation or inhibition of H2S biosynthesis. H2S donation can be achieved through the inhalation of H2S gas and/or the parenteral or enteral administration of so-called fast-releasing H2S donors (salts of H2S such as NaHS and Na2S) or slow-releasing H2S donors (GYY4137 being the prototypical compound used in hundreds of studies in vitro and in vivo). Recent work also identifies various donors with regulated H2S release profiles, including oxidant-triggered donors, pH-dependent donors, esterase-activated donors, and organelle-targeted (e.g., mitochondrial) compounds. There are also approaches where existing, clinically approved drugs of various classes (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories) are coupled with H2S-donating groups (the most advanced compound in clinical trials is ATB-346, an H2S-donating derivative of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound naproxen). For pharmacological inhibition of H2S synthesis, there are now several small molecule compounds targeting each of the three H2S-producing enzymes cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine-γ-lyase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. Although many of these compounds have their limitations (potency, selectivity), these molecules, especially in combination with genetic approaches, can be instrumental for the delineation of the biologic processes involving endogenous H2S production. Moreover, some of these compounds (e.g., cell-permeable prodrugs of the CBS inhibitor aminooxyacetate, or benserazide, a potentially repurposable CBS inhibitor) may serve as starting points for future clinical translation. The present article overviews the currently known H2S donors and H2S biosynthesis inhibitors, delineates their mode of action, and offers examples for their biologic effects and potential therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (C.S.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece (A.P.); and Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.P.)
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (C.S.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece (A.P.); and Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.P.)
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Li T, Wang L, Hu Q, Liu S, Bai X, Xie Y, Zhang T, Bo S, Gao X, Wu S, Li G, Wang Z. Neuroprotective Roles of l-Cysteine in Attenuating Early Brain Injury and Improving Synaptic Density via the CBS/H 2S Pathway Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Front Neurol 2017; 8:176. [PMID: 28512446 PMCID: PMC5411453 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
l-Cysteine is a semi-essential amino acid and substrate for cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) in the central nervous system. We previously reported that NaHS, an H2S donor, significantly alleviated brain damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats. However, the potential therapeutic value of l-cysteine and the molecular mechanism supporting these beneficial effects have not been determined. This study was designed to investigate whether l-cysteine could attenuate early brain injury following SAH and improve synaptic function by releasing endogenous H2S. Male Wistar rats were subjected to SAH induced by cisterna magna blood injection, and l-cysteine was intracerebroventricularly administered 30 min after SAH induction. Treatment with l-cysteine stimulated CBS activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and H2S production. Moreover, l-cysteine treatment significantly ameliorated brain edema, improved neurobehavioral function, and attenuated neuronal cell death in the PFC; these effects were associated with a decrease in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the suppression of caspase-3 activation 48 h after SAH. Furthermore, l-cysteine treatment activated the CREB-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway and intensified synaptic density by regulating synapse proteins 48 h after SAH. Importantly, all the beneficial effects of l-cysteine in SAH were abrogated by amino-oxyacetic acid, a CBS inhibitor. Based on these findings, l-cysteine may play a neuroprotective role in SAH by inhibiting cell apoptosis, upregulating CREB-BDNF expression, and promoting synaptic structure via the CBS/H2S pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Quan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yunkai Xie
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shishi Bo
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangqian Gao
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Shuhua Wu
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
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Cystathionine-gamma-lyase deficient mice are protected against the development of multiorgan failure and exhibit reduced inflammatory response during burn. Burns 2017; 43:1021-1033. [PMID: 28318752 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Considering the role of H2S in critical illness, the aim of this study was to compare the outcome of burn in wild-type mice and in mice deficient in CSE, one of the principal mammalian H2S-generating enzymes. Animals were subjected to scald burn. Outcome variables included indices of organ injury, clinical chemistry parameters and plasma levels of inflammatory mediators. Plasma levels of H2S significantly increased in response to burn in wild-type mice, but remained unchanged in CSE-/- mice. Expression of the three H2S-producing enzymes (CSE, CBS and 3-MST) in the lung and liver, and the capacity of tissue homogenates to produce H2S, however, was not affected by burn. In CSE deficient mice there was a significant amelioration of burn-induced accumulation of myeloperoxidase levels in heart, lung, liver and kidney and significantly lower degree of malon dialdehyde accumulation in the heart, lung and kidney than in wild-type mice. CSE deficient mice, compared to wild-type mice, showed a significant attenuation of the burn-induced elevation in circulating alkaline aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, indicative of protective effects of CSE deficiency against burn-induced hepatic, and renal functional impairment. Multiple burn-induced inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12) were significantly lower in the plasma of CSE-/- animals after burn than in the plasma of wild-type controls subjected to burns. In conclusion, CSE deficiency improves organ function and attenuates the inflammatory response in a murine model of burn.
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Kanagy NL, Szabo C, Papapetropoulos A. Vascular biology of hydrogen sulfide. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 312:C537-C549. [PMID: 28148499 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00329.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a ubiquitous signaling molecule with important functions in many mammalian organs and systems. Observations in the 1990s ascribed physiological actions to H2S in the nervous system, proposing that this gasotransmitter acts as a neuromodulator. Soon after that, the vasodilating properties of H2S were demonstrated. In the past decade, H2S was shown to exert a multitude of physiological effects in the vessel wall. H2S is produced by vascular cells and exhibits antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and vasoactive properties. In this concise review, we have focused on the impact of H2S on vascular structure and function with an emphasis on angiogenesis, vascular tone, vascular permeability and atherosclerosis. H2S reduces arterial blood pressure, limits atheromatous plaque formation, and promotes vascularization of ischemic tissues. Although the beneficial properties of H2S are well established, mechanistic insights into the molecular pathways implicated in disease prevention and treatment remain largely unexplored. Unraveling the targets and downstream effectors of H2S in the vessel wall in the context of disease will aid in translation of preclinical observations. In addition, acute regulation of H2S production is still poorly understood and additional work delineating the pathways regulating the enzymes that produce H2S will allow pharmacological manipulation of this pathway. As the field continues to grow, we expect that H2S-related compounds will find their way into clinical trials for diseases affecting the blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L Kanagy
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; and .,Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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H 2S as a possible therapeutic alternative for the treatment of hypertensive kidney injury. Nitric Oxide 2017; 64:52-60. [PMID: 28069557 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most common cause of cardiovascular morbidities and mortalities, and a major risk factor for renal dysfunction. It is considered one of the causes of chronic kidney disease, which progresses into end-stage renal disease and eventually loss of renal function. Yet, the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of hypertension and its associated kidney injury is still poorly understood. Moreover, despite existing antihypertensive therapies, achievement of blood pressure control and preservation of renal function still remain a worldwide public health challenge in a subset of hypertensive patients. Therefore, novel modes of intervention are in demand. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous signaling molecule, has been established to possess antihypertensive and renoprotective properties, which may represent an important therapeutic alternative for the treatment of hypertension and kidney injury. This review discusses recent findings about H2S in hypertension and kidney injury from both experimental and clinical studies. It also addresses future direction regarding therapeutic use of H2S.
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Tomasova L, Dobrowolski L, Jurkowska H, Wróbel M, Huc T, Ondrias K, Ostaszewski R, Ufnal M. Intracolonic hydrogen sulfide lowers blood pressure in rats. Nitric Oxide 2016; 60:50-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cao X, Bian JS. The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Renal System. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:385. [PMID: 27803669 PMCID: PMC5067532 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide has gained recognition as the third gaseous signaling molecule after nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. This review surveys the emerging role of H2S in mammalian renal system, with emphasis on both renal physiology and diseases. H2S is produced redundantly by four pathways in kidney, indicating the abundance of this gaseous molecule in the organ. In physiological conditions, H2S was found to regulate the excretory function of the kidney possibly by the inhibitory effect on sodium transporters on renal tubular cells. Likewise, it also influences the release of renin from juxtaglomerular cells and thereby modulates blood pressure. A possible role of H2S as an oxygen sensor has also been discussed, especially at renal medulla. Alternation of H2S level has been implicated in various pathological conditions such as renal ischemia/reperfusion, obstructive nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, and hypertensive nephropathy. Moreover, H2S donors exhibit broad beneficial effects in renal diseases although a few conflicts need to be resolved. Further research reveals that multiple mechanisms are underlying the protective effects of H2S, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-apoptosis. In the review, several research directions are also proposed including the role of mitochondrial H2S in renal diseases, H2S delivery to kidney by targeting D-amino acid oxidase/3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (DAO/3-MST) pathway, effect of drug-like H2S donors in kidney diseases and understanding the molecular mechanism of H2S. The completion of the studies in these directions will not only improves our understanding of renal H2S functions but may also be critical to translate H2S to be a new therapy for renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
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Ahmad A, Szabo C. Both the H 2S biosynthesis inhibitor aminooxyacetic acid and the mitochondrially targeted H 2S donor AP39 exert protective effects in a mouse model of burn injury. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:348-355. [PMID: 27639598 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exerts beneficial as well as deleterious effects in various models of critical illness. Here we tested the effect of two different pharmacological interventions: (a) inhibition of H2S biosynthesis using the cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS)/cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) inhibitor aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) and the mitochondrially targeted H2S donor [10-oxo-10-[4-(3-thioxo-3H-1,2-dithiol-5-yl)phenoxy]decyl]triphenyl-phosphonium (AP39). A 30% body surface area burn injury was induced in anesthetized mice; animals were treated with vehicle, AOAA (10mg/kg i.p. once or once a day for 6days), or AP39 (0.3mg/kg/day once or once a day for 6days). In two separate groups, animals were sacrificed, at 24h post-burn or on Day 7 post-burn, blood and lungs were collected and the following parameters were evaluated: myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in lung homogenates, plasma cytokines (Luminex analysis) and circulating indicators of organ dysfunction (Vetscan analysis). Lung MPO levels (an index of neutrophil infiltration) and MDA levels (an index of oxidative stress) were significantly increased in response to burn injury both at 24h and at 7days; both AOAA and AP39 attenuated these increases. From a panel of inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, MIP-2, VEGF and IFNγ) in the plasma, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were markedly elevated at 24h and VEGF was slightly elevated. IL-6 remained highly elevated at 7days post-burn while IL-10 levels decreased, but remained slightly elevated over baseline 7days post-burn. The changes in cytokine levels were attenuated both by AP39 and AOAA at both time points studied. The burn-induced increases in the organ injury markers ALP and ALT, amylase and creatinine were reduced by both AOAA and AP39. We conclude that both H2S biosynthesis inhibition (using AOAA) and H2S donation (using AP39) suppresses inflammatory mediator production and reduces multi-organ injury in a murine model of burn injury, both at an early time point (when systemic H2S levels are elevated) and at a later time point (at which time systemic H2S levels have returned to baseline). These findings point to the complex pathogenetic role of H2S in burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Weber GJ, Pushpakumar S, Tyagi SC, Sen U. Homocysteine and hydrogen sulfide in epigenetic, metabolic and microbiota related renovascular hypertension. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:300-312. [PMID: 27602985 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several years, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown to be an important player in a variety of physiological functions, including neuromodulation, vasodilation, oxidant regulation, inflammation, and angiogenesis. H2S is synthesized primarily through metabolic processes from the amino acid cysteine and homocysteine in various organ systems including neuronal, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and kidney. Derangement of cysteine and homocysteine metabolism and clearance, particularly in the renal vasculature, leads to H2S biosynthesis deregulation causing or contributing to existing high blood pressure. While a variety of environmental influences, such as diet can have an effect on H2S regulation and function, genetic factors, and more recently epigenetics, also have a vital role in H2S regulation and function, and therefore disease initiation and progression. In addition, new research into the role of gut microbiota in the development of hypertension has highlighted the need to further explore these microorganisms and how they influence the levels of H2S throughout the body and possibly exploiting microbiota for use of hypertension treatment. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the field of hypertension research emphasizing renal contribution and how H2S physiology can be exploited as a possible therapeutic strategy to ameliorate kidney dysfunction as well as to control blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Weber
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States.
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Hypotensive effect of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in hypertensive rats is reduced by autonomic ganglia and KATP channel blockers. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1581-90. [PMID: 27108137 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2213-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) is an amino acid involved in a number of physiological processes in the nervous system. Some evidence suggests a therapeutic potential of SAM in hypertension. In this study we investigated the effect of intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusions of SAM on arterial blood pressure in rats. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate (HR) were measured at baseline and during ICV infusion of either SAM or vehicle (aCSF; controls) in conscious, male normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR). MABP and HR were not affected by the vehicle. WKY rats infused with SAM (10 μM, 100 μM and 1 mM) showed a biphasic hemodynamic response i.e., mild hypotension and bradycardia followed by a significant increase in MABP and HR. On the contrary, SHR infused with SAM showed a dose-dependent hypotensive response. In separate series of experiments, pretreatment with hexamethonium, a ganglionic blocker as well as pretreatment with glibenclamide, a KATP channel blocker reduced the hemodynamic effects of SAM. SAM may affect the nervous control of arterial blood pressure via the autonomic nervous system and KATP channel-dependent mechanisms.
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van Goor H, van den Born JC, Hillebrands JL, Joles JA. Hydrogen sulfide in hypertension. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2016; 25:107-13. [DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Snijder PM, Frenay AR, de Boer RA, Pasch A, Hillebrands JL, Leuvenink HGD, van Goor H. Exogenous administration of thiosulfate, a donor of hydrogen sulfide, attenuates angiotensin II-induced hypertensive heart disease in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 172:1494-504. [PMID: 24962324 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hypertension is an important mediator of cardiac damage and remodelling. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenously produced gasotransmitter with cardioprotective properties. However, it is not yet in clinical use. We, therefore, investigated the protective effects of sodium thiosulfate (STS), a clinically applicable H2 S donor substance, in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertensive cardiac disease in rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male Sprague Dawley rats were infused with Ang II (435 ng kg min(-1)) or saline (control) for 3 weeks via s.c. placed osmotic minipumps. During these 3 weeks, rats received i.p. injections of either STS, NaHS or vehicle (0.9% NaCl). KEY RESULTS Compared with controls, Ang II infusion caused an increase in systolic and diastolic BP with associated cardiac damage as evidenced by cardiac hypertrophy, an increase in atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) mRNA, cardiac fibrosis and increased oxidative stress. Treatment with NaHS and STS prevented the development of hypertension and the increase in ANP mRNA levels. Furthermore, the degree of cardiac hypertrophy, the extent of histological fibrosis in combination with the expression of profibrotic genes and the levels of oxidative stress were all significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Ang II-induced hypertensive cardiac disease can be attenuated by treatment with STS and NaHS. Although BP regulation is the most plausible mechanism of cardiac protection, the antifibrotic and antioxidant properties of released sulfide may also contribute to their effects. Our data show that H2 S might be a valuable addition to the already existing antihypertensive and cardioprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Snijder
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Meng G, Ma Y, Xie L, Ferro A, Ji Y. Emerging role of hydrogen sulfide in hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:5501-11. [PMID: 25204754 PMCID: PMC4667855 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) has traditionally been viewed as a highly toxic gas; however, recent studies have implicated H2 S as a third member of the gasotransmitter family, exhibiting properties similar to NO and carbon monoxide. Accumulating evidence has suggested that H2 S influences a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, among which blood vessel relaxation, cardioprotection and atherosclerosis have been particularly studied. In the cardiovascular system, H2 S production is predominantly catalyzed by cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE). Decreased endogenous H2 S levels have been found in hypertensive patients and animals, and CSE(-/-) mice develop hypertension with age, suggesting that a deficiency in H2 S contributes importantly to BP regulation. H2 S supplementation attenuates hypertension in different hypertensive animal models. The mechanism by which H2 S was originally proposed to attenuate hypertension was by virtue of its action on vascular tone, which may be related to effects on different ion channels. Both H2 S and NO cause vasodilatation and there is cross-talk between these two molecules to regulate BP. Suppression of oxidative stress may also contribute to antihypertensive effects of H2 S. This review also summarizes the state of research on H2 S and hypertension in China. A better understanding of the role of H2 S in hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases will allow novel strategies to be devised for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research CentreNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research CentreNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Liping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research CentreNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Albert Ferro
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyCardiovascular DivisionSchool of MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research CentreNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Huang CW, Moore PK. H2S Synthesizing Enzymes: Biochemistry and Molecular Aspects. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 230:3-25. [PMID: 26162827 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18144-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a biologically active gas that is synthesized naturally by three enzymes, cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthetase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). These enzymes are constitutively present in a wide array of biological cells and tissues and their expression can be induced by a number of disease states. It is becoming increasingly clear that H2S is an important mediator of a wide range of cell functions in health and in disease. This review therefore provides an overview of the biochemical and molecular regulation of H2S synthesizing enzymes both in physiological conditions and their modulation in disease states with particular focus on their regulation in asthma, atherosclerosis and diabetes. The importance of small molecule inhibitors in the study of molecular pathways, the current use of common H2S synthesizing enzyme inhibitors and the relevant characteristics of mice in which these enzymes have been genetically deleted will also be summarized. With a greater understanding of the molecular regulation of these enzymes in disease states, as well as the availability of novel small molecules with high specificity targeted towards H2S producing enzymes, the potential to regulate the biological functions of this intriguing gas H2S for therapeutic effect can perhaps be brought one step closer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Weihao Huang
- Neurobiology Group, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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dl-propargylglycine reduces blood pressure and renal injury but increases kidney weight in angiotensin-II infused rats. Nitric Oxide 2015; 49:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Huang S, Li H, Ge J. A cardioprotective insight of the cystathionine γ-lyase/hydrogen sulfide pathway. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2015; 7:51-57. [PMID: 28785645 PMCID: PMC5497180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was simply considered as a toxic and foul smelling gas, but recently H2S been brought into the spot light of cardiovascular research and development. Since the 1990s, H2S has been mounting evidence of physiological properties such as immune modification, vascular relaxation, attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammatory mitigation, and angiogenesis. H2S has since been recognized as the third physiological gaseous signaling molecule, along with CO and NO [65,66]. H2S is produced endogenously through several key enzymes, including cystathionine β-lyase (CBE), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MST)/cysteine aminotransferase (CAT). These specific enzymes are expressed accordingly in various organ systems and CSE is the predominant H2S-producing enzyme in the cardiovascular system. The cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE)/H2S pathway has demonstrated various cardioprotective effects, including anti-atherosclerosis, anti-hypertension, pro-angiogenesis, and attenuation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. CSE exhibits its anti-atherosclerotic effect through 3 mechanisms, namely reduction of chemotactic factor inter cellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and CX3CR1, inhibition of macrophage lipid uptake, and induction of smooth muscle cell apoptosis via MAPK pathway. The CSE/H2S pathway's anti-hypertensive properties are demonstrated via aortic vasodilation through several mechanisms, including the direct stimulation of KATP channels of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), induction of MAPK pathway, and reduction of homocysteine buildup. Also, CSE/H2S pathway plays an important role in angiogenesis, particularly in increased endothelial cell growth and migration, and in increased vascular network length. In myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injuries, CSE/H2S pathway has shown a clear cardioprotective effect by preserving mitochondria function, increasing antioxidant production, and decreasing infarction injury size. However, CSE/H2S pathway's role in inflammation mitigation is still clouded, due to both pro and anti-inflammatory results presented in the literature, depending on the concentration and form of H2S used in specific experiment models.
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Key Words
- Akt, protein kinase B
- Angiogenesis
- Atherosclerosis
- BCA, brachiocephalic artery
- CAM, chorioallantoic membrane
- CAT, cysteine aminotransferase
- CBS, cystathionine β-lyase
- CLP, cecal ligation and puncture
- CSE KO, CSE knock out
- CSE, cystathionine γ-lyase
- CTO, chronic total occlusion
- CX3CL1, chemokine (C-X3-C Motif) ligand 1
- CX3CR1, CX3C chemokine receptor 1
- Cystathionine γ-lyase
- EC, endothelial cell
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase
- GYY4137, morpholin-4-Ium-4-methoxyphenyl(morpholino) phosphinodithioate
- H2S, hydrogen sulfide
- HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- Hydrogen sulfide
- ICAM-1, inter cellular adhesion molecule-1
- IMT, intima–media complex thickness
- Ischemia–reperfusion injury
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- MST, 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- PAG, DL-propagylglycine
- PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- PTPN1, protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- S-diclofenac, 2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]benzeneacetic acid 4-(3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione-5-Yl)-phenyl ester
- SAH, S-adenosylhomocysteine
- SAM, S-adenosylmethionine
- SMCs, smooth muscle cells
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VSMCs, vascular smooth muscle cells
- Vasorelaxation
- l-NAME, NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester
- oxLDL, oxidized low density lipoprotein
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hua Li
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine/CVRL, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Koning AM, Frenay ARS, Leuvenink HG, van Goor H. Hydrogen sulfide in renal physiology, disease and transplantation – The smell of renal protection. Nitric Oxide 2015; 46:37-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) has emerged as an important signaling molecule with beneficial effects on various cellular processes affecting, for example, cardiovascular and neurological functions. The physiological importance of H₂S is motivating efforts to develop strategies for modulating its levels. However, advancement in the field of H₂S-based therapeutics is hampered by fundamental gaps in our knowledge of how H₂S is regulated, its mechanism of action, and its molecular targets. This review provides an overview of sulfur metabolism; describes recent progress that has shed light on the mechanism of H₂S as a signaling molecule; and examines nutritional regulation of sulfur metabolism, which pertains to health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Kabil
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600;
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