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Elseweidy MM, Ali SI, Shaheen MA, Abdelghafour AM, Hammad SK. Enhancement of cardiac angiogenesis in a myocardial infarction rat model using selenium alone and in combination with PTXF: the role of Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:4677-4692. [PMID: 38112730 PMCID: PMC11166829 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02904-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart diseases such as myocardial infarction (MI) are a global health problem and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Angiogenesis is an important approach for myocardial healing following ischemia. Thus, this study aimed to explore the potential cardiac angiogenic effects of selenium (Se), alone and in combination with the tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor, pentoxifylline (PTXF), via Akt/HIF-1α signaling. MI was induced in rats using two subcutaneous doses of isoprenaline (ISP) at a 24-h interval (150 mg/kg). One week later, rats were orally given Se (150 µg/kg/day), PTXF (50 mg/kg/day), or Se/PTXF combination. ISP-induced myocardial damage was evident by increased HW/TL ratios, ST segment elevation, and increased serum levels of CK-MB, LDH, and troponin-I. ISP increased the cardiac levels of the lipid peroxidation marker MDA; the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α; and the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and caspase-3. In contrast, the cardiac levels of the antioxidant markers GSH and SOD and the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2 were reduced. Furthermore, ISP markedly increased the cardiac levels of p-Akt and HIF-1α proteins and the cardiac gene expression of ANGPT-1, VEGF, and FGF-2. Treatment with Se both alone and in combination with PTXF ameliorated the ISP-induced myocardial damage and further increased cardiac angiogenesis via Akt/HIF-1α signaling. Se/PTXF combined therapy was more beneficial than individual treatments. Our study revealed for the first time the cardiac angiogenic effects of Se both alone and in combination with PTXF in myocardial infarction, suggesting that both may be promising candidates for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Elseweidy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Sousou I Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shaheen
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Abdelghafour
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Sally K Hammad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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Demircan V, Guzel C, Sarıbas GS, Dinc SC, Cetin S, Gulbahar O, Erpolat P, Elmas C, Bora H. Evaluation of therapeutic use of a combination of pentoxifylline and vitamin E in radiation-induced renal fibrosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6977. [PMID: 38521858 PMCID: PMC10960827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced renal fibrosis (RIRF) is a progressive, irreversible condition causing chronic kidney disease. Pentoxifylline (PTX) and vitamin E may mitigate radiation-induced damage and fibrosis. This study assesses their effectiveness. We used four groups, each with six rats: radiation therapy alone (RT-only), radiation therapy plus drug treatment (RT + drug), drug treatment alone (drug-only), and a control group. Rats were monitored for three months, with weight measurements every four weeks. Afterward, rats were analyzed biochemically and histologically, with blood and tissue samples taken for statistical comparison. No significant differences in serum creatinine levels and body weight were observed. RT-only group had more severe kidney tubule effects. Histomorphological, immunohistochemical, and TUNEL analyses showed significant RIRF mitigation in the RT + drug group. Our study highlighted molecular pathways (SMAD, TGF-beta, VEGF) and histological markers (collagens, a-SMA, fibronectin, metalloproteinases) associated with RIRF. PTX and vitamin E reduced ionizing radiation's impact on renal cells and mitigated radiation-induced kidney fibrosis. Further human studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Demircan
- Radiation Oncology Department, Acibadem Altunizade/Atasehir Hospital, Altunizade Mah. Sehit Erol Olcok Sok. No:7 Albayrak Sitesi B Blok Daire:18, Uskudar/Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Caglar Guzel
- Radiation Oncology Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulistan Sanem Sarıbas
- Histology and Embryology Department, Health Sciences University Gulhane Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serap Catlı Dinc
- Radiation Oncology Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serhat Cetin
- Urology Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Gulbahar
- Biochemistry Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Petek Erpolat
- Radiation Oncology Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Elmas
- Histology Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Bora
- Radiation Oncology Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
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Zhang XD, Yu WH, Liu MM, Liu R, Wu H, Wang Z, Hai CX. Pentoxifylline inhibits phosgene-induced lung injury via improving hypoxia. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:1100-1107. [PMID: 36220803 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2131811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Inhalation of high concentrations of phosgene often causes pulmonary edema, which obstructs the airway and causes tissue hypoxia. There is currently no specific antidote. This study was performed to investigate the effect behind pentoxifylline (PTX) treatment for phosgene-induced lung injury in rat models. Rats were exposed to phosgene. The protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and occludin proteins in lung tissue were determined. The effect of both prophylactic and therapeutic administration of PTX (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) was evaluated. The lung permeability index and HIF-1α protein level increased, the arterial blood oxygenation index (PaO2/FIO2 ratio) and occludin protein level decreased significantly 6 h after phosgene exposure (P < 0.05). PTX exerted protective effects by HIF-1α-VEGF-occludin signaling pathway to some extent. Moreover, prophylactic, but not therapeutic administration of PTX (100 mg/kg), exhibited a significant protective effect. Pretreatment with PTX protected against phosgene-induced lung injury, possibly by inhibiting differential expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, and occludin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-di Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei-Hua Yu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng-Meng Liu
- Department of Health Service, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chun-Xu Hai
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Yuan H, Wu X, Wang X, Yuan C. Chinese herbal decoction astragalus and angelica exerts its therapeutic effect on renal interstitial fibrosis through the inhibition of MAPK, PI3K-Akt and TNF signaling pathways. Genes Dis 2022; 9:510-521. [PMID: 35224164 PMCID: PMC8843878 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragalus and Angelica decoction (A&A) has been clinically used as a classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula in China for many years for the treatment of kidney diseases, especially renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). However, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of A&A on RIF remains poorly understood. In the present study, systematic network pharmacology and effective experimental verification were utilized for the first time to elucidate the pharmacological efficacy and potential mechanism. The outcomes indicated that 22 active components and 87 target genes of A&A were identified and cross-referenced with RIF-associated genes, contributing to confirmation of 74 target genes of A&A for RIF. Pathway and functional enrichment analyses revealed that A&A had substantial effects on MAPK, PI3K-Akt and TNF signaling pathways. In addition, seven core targets with relatively higher betweenness and degree were identified in the constructed Chinese medicine material-chemical component-target-signal pathway network. Moreover, we verified the potential therapeutic effect of A&A in vivo (using a mouse model of RIF), confirming that A&A could effectively protect the kidney by regulating these target genes. The therapeutic effect of A&A on RIF could be attributed to its role in regulating the cell cycle, limiting the apoptosis, and inhibiting the inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yuan
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, PR China
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, PR China
| | - Xuelian Wu
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Chumeiren Medical Cosmetic Clinic, WuJiaGang District, Yichang, Hubei 443002, PR China
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, PR China
- Corresponding author. College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, PR China. Fax: +86 717 6396818.
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Abd Al Haleem EN, Ibrahim FAZM, Zaytoon SAB, Arafa HMM. Possible protective effect of TNF-α inhibition and triad NO/cGMP/VEGF activation on gastric ulcer in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:864-874. [PMID: 33400612 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peptic ulcers are one of the world's major gastrointestinal disorders, embracing both gastric and duodenal ulcers, and affecting 10% of the world population. The current study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of tadalafil and pentoxifylline (PTX) on indomethacin-induced peptic ulcers. Male albino rats were divided into five groups: control group; ulcerated group; Indomethacin + Tadalafil, in which animals were pretreated with tadalafil orally before indomethacin; Indomethacin+ PTX, in which animals were pretreated with PTX orally before indomethacin; and Indomethacin + Tadafil + PTX. Indomethacin treatment revealed histopathological changes and ulcer scoring and ulcer index were markedly increased. Serum levels of prostaglandin and heme oxygenase-1 were significantly decreased. The ulcerogenic also induced marked oxidative stress as evident from the increased malondialdehyde, decreased in gastric glutathione content and superoxide dismutase activity, while the gastric myeloperoxidase was increased. Gastric nitric oxide content was decreased and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor was downregulated while the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) level was dramatically increased. Pretreatment of the ulcerative group by either tadalafil or PTX or their combination improved all these pathological changes. Tadalafil or PTX may have a role in protecting gastric mucosa damage caused by indomethacin which may be useful in the future for the treatment of gastric ulceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekram Nemr Abd Al Haleem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Sawsan Abo Bakr Zaytoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismaelia, Egypt
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More CB, Jatti Patil D, Rao NR. Medicinal management of oral submucous fibrosis in the past decade- A systematic review. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2020; 10:552-568. [PMID: 32939334 PMCID: PMC7479289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder with a high rate of malignant transformation. It is associated with chewing of areca nut and tobacco products with a high global prevalence, particularly in the southeast Asian countries. A wide range of treatment modalities are available, ranging from corticosteroids, antioxidants, nutritional supplements to herbal medicines but lacks a reliable treatment regimen. AIM This systematic review will comprehensively analyze the medicinal treatment for OSMF from 2011 to 2020, apprise the literature with new clinical studies, and initiate a discussion about other potential medicines. MATERIAL AND METHODS A comprehensive electronic search was conducted in Pubmed, Scopus, and other databases from January 2011 to June 2020 according to the PRISMA guidelines, to identify all the clinical studies for the medicinal management of OSMF with definite keywords and defined criteria. RESULTS Among the thirty-two included clinical studies 23 were randomized controlled studies and 9 were case-control studies. The treatment outcomes were diverse, and the majority of the studies showed improvement in the subjective signs and symptoms of OSMF. Only a few studies noticed the side effects. CONCLUSION No single treatment modality is effective in the management of OSMF. The concurrent use of triple therapy is efficacious. The naturally occurring herbal medicines have an immense potential in the management of OSMF. Therefore, high-quality, longitudinal, multi-center randomized controlled trials with larger samples need to be conducted to further assess the efficacy of various medicinal formulations in conjunction with physiotherapy in the management of OSMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandramani B. More
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, K. M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Deepa Jatti Patil
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, K. M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Naman R. Rao
- Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Miao NJ, Xie HY, Xu D, Yin JY, Wang YZ, Wang B, Yin F, Zhou ZL, Cheng Q, Chen PP, Zhou L, Xue H, Zhang W, Wang XX, Liu J, Lu LM. Caspase-11 promotes renal fibrosis by stimulating IL-1β maturation via activating caspase-1. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:790-800. [PMID: 30382182 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-11 is a key upstream modulator for activation of inflammatory response under pathological conditions. In this study, we investigated the roles of caspase-11 in the maturation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and development of renal interstitial fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. Mice were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). The mice were treated with either caspase-11 inhibitor wedelolactone (Wed, 30 mg/kg/day, ig) for 7 days or caspase-11 siRNA (10 nmol/20 g body weight per day, iv) for 14 days. The mice were euthanized on day 14, their renal tissue and blood sample were collected. We found that the obstructed kidney had significantly higher caspase-11 levels and obvious tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis. Treatment with Wed or caspase-11 siRNA significantly mitigated renal fibrosis in UUO mice, evidenced by the improved histological changes. Furthermore, caspase-11 inhibition significantly blunted caspase-1 activation, IL-1β maturation, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), fibronectin, and collagen I expressions in the obstructed kidney. Renal tubular epithelial NRK-52E cells were treated in vitro with angiotensin (Ang, 1 μmol/L), which stimulated caspase-11 activation and IL-1β maturation. Treatment with IL-1β (20 ng/ml) significantly increased the expression of TGF-β, fibronectin, and collagen I in the cells. Ang II-induced expression of TGF-β, fibronectin, and collagen I were suppressed by caspase-11 siRNA or Wed. Finally, we revealed using co-immunoprecipitation that caspase-11 was able to interact with caspase-1 in NRK-52E cells. These results suggest that caspase-11 is involved in UUO-induced renal fibrosis. Elevation of caspase-11 in the obstructed kidney promotes renal fibrosis by stimulating caspase-1 activation and IL-1β maturation.
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Pentoxifylline ameliorates chronic stress/high-fat diet-induced vascular wall disease: the role of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:669-683. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ma H, Lee S, Yang Y, Bedi P, Chou SY. Pentoxifylline protects against loss of function and renal interstitial fibrosis in chronic experimental partial ureteral obstruction. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2018; 25:419-425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Pentoxifylline inhibits angiogenesis via decreasing Dll4 and Notch1 expression in mouse proepicardial explant cultures. Eur J Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29535000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pentoxifylline (PTX), a non-specific inhibitor of cAMP phosphodiesterases, is commonly used for treatment of peripheral vascular disorders although its direct action on endothelial cells is not well described. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of PTX on tubule formation and mRNA expression for angiogenesis-related proteins in endothelial cell line C166 and mouse proepicardial explants cultured on collagen. C166 cells and explants were stimulated with proangiogenic cocktail containing bFGF/VEGF-A120/VEGF-A164 and with proangiogenic cocktail enriched with PTX. After stimulation the number and morphology of tubules stained with anti-CD31 antibody was examined under a confocal microscope and expression of mRNA for VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, bFGF, IGF-1, Dll4 and Notch1 was measured with RealTime PCR. In C166 cell line there was no significant difference in tubule formation and mRNA expression, but in proepicardial explants we observed a considerable reduction in tubule number and in mRNA levels for Dll4 and Notch1 after PTX administration. In conclusion, PTX indirectly inhibits angiogenesis in mouse proepicardial explant cultures but has no significant effect on C166 endothelial cell line.
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Liu Y, Li J, Yu J, Wang Y, Lu J, Shang EX, Zhu Z, Guo J, Duan J. Disorder of gut amino acids metabolism during CKD progression is related with gut microbiota dysbiosis and metagenome change. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 149:425-435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Pentoxifylline and Methylprednisolone Additively Alleviate Kidney Failure and Prolong Survival of Rats after Renal Warm Ischemia-Reperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010221. [PMID: 29324683 PMCID: PMC5796170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) induces local inflammation leading to kidney damage. Since pentoxifylline (PTX) and steroids have distinct immunomodulatory properties, we aimed to evaluate for the first time their combined use in IRI-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in rats. In two experiments, PTX (100 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously) was administered 90 min prior to renal IRI or/and methylprednisolone (MP; 100 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly) was infused 60 min after reperfusion of a solitary kidney (AKI model: 45 min ischemia, 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats) or one kidney with excision of contralateral kidney 2 weeks later (CKD model: 90 min ischemia, 38 rats). Saline was infused in place of PTX or/and MP depending on the group. Renal function (diuresis, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, sodium and potassium excretion, and urine protein/creatinine) was assessed at 48 h and 120 h post-IRI (AKI model) or 4, 16 and 24 weeks after IRI, along with survival analysis (CKD model). More evidently at early stages of AKI or CKD, treated animals showed higher glomerular filtration and diminished tubular loss of electrolytes, more so with PTX + MP than PTX or MP (serum creatinine (μmol/L) at 48 h of AKI: 60.9 ± 19.1 vs. 131.1 ± 94.4 vs. 233.4 ± 137.0, respectively, vs. 451.5 ± 114.4 in controls, all p < 0.05; and at 4 weeks of CKD: 89.0 ± 31.9 vs. 118.1 ± 64.5 vs. 156.9 ± 72.6, respectively, vs. 222.9 ± 91.4 in controls, p < 0.05 for PTX or PTX + MP vs. controls and PTX + MP vs. MP). Survival was better by >2-fold with PTX + MP (89%) vs. controls (40%; p < 0.05). PTX + MP largely protect from IRI-induced AKI and CKD and subsequent mortality in rats. This calls for clinical investigations, especially in kidney transplantation.
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Wen WX, Lee SY, Siang R, Koh RY. Repurposing Pentoxifylline for the Treatment of Fibrosis: An Overview. Adv Ther 2017; 34:1245-1269. [PMID: 28484954 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-017-0547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a potentially debilitating disease with high morbidity rates. It is estimated that half of all deaths that occur in the USA are attributed to fibrotic disorders. Fibrotic disorders are characterized primarily by disruption in the extracellular matrix deposition and breakdown equilibrium, leading to the accumulation of excessive amounts of extracellular matrix. Given the potentially high prevalence of fibrosis and the paucity of agents currently available for the treatment of this disease, there is an urgent need for the identification of drugs that can be utilized to treat the disease. Pentoxifylline is a methylxanthine derivative that is currently approved for the treatment of vascular diseases, in particular, claudication. Pentoxifylline has three main properties: improving the rheological properties of blood, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative. Recently, the effectiveness of pentoxifylline in the treatment of fibrosis via attenuating and reversing fibrotic lesions has been demonstrated in several clinical trials and animal studies. As a result of the limited availability of antifibrotic agents in the long-term treatment of fibrosis that can attenuate and even reverse fibrotic lesions effectively, it would be of particular importance to consider the potential clinical utility of pentoxifylline in the treatment of fibrosis. Thus, this paper discusses the evolving roles of pentoxifylline in the treatment of different types of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong Wen
- International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siang Yin Lee
- Colloids and Interface Science Centre, Centre of Excellence, RRIM Sungai Buloh Research Station, Malaysian Rubber Board, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rafaella Siang
- International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Acute Medicine, George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust, College St, Nuneaton, UK
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Ali R, Bondok R, Rabie A, Shaaban MA, Rabie N. The effect of pentoxifylline on the glomerular function in patients with severe pre-eclampsia. AIN-SHAMS JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.4103/1687-7934.182263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Lu Z, Zeng Y, Lu F, Liu X, Zou C. Rhubarb Enema Attenuates Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats by Alleviating Indoxyl Sulfate Overload. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144726. [PMID: 26671452 PMCID: PMC4684395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the effects of rhubarb enema treatment using a 5/6 nephrectomized rat model and study its mechanisms. Methods Twenty-eight Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham operation group (n = 8), 5/6 nephrectomized (5/6Nx) (n = 10), and 5/6Nx with rhubarb enema treatment (n = 10). The rhubarb enema was continuous for 1.0 month. Serum creatinine, serum indoxyl sulfate (IS) level, renal pathology, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and renal oxidative stress were assessed. Results 5/6Nx rats showed increasing levels of serum creatinine and severe pathological lesions. Their serum creatinine levels obviously decreased after rhubarb enema treatment (P < 0.05 vs 5/6Nx group). The administration of rhubarb enema attenuated the histopathological changes in 5/6Nx rats. In addition, 5/6Nx rats showed an enhanced extent of tubulointerstitial fibrosis compared with sham rats, and administration of rhubarb enema to 5/6Nx rats ameliorated tubulointerstitial fibrosis. 5/6Nx rats showed increased serum levels of IS, renal oxidative stress, and NF-κB compared with sham rats, whereas administration of rhubarb enema to 5/6Nx rats decreased serum levels of IS, renal oxidative stress, and NF-κB levels. Conclusion Rhubarb enema treatment ameliorates tubulointerstitial fibrosis in the kidneys of 5/6Nx rats, most likely by alleviating IS overload and reducing kidney oxidative stress and inflammatory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Lu
- National Key Unit of Clinical Research of TCM on Chronic Kidney Diseases, Key Unit of Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, P.R.China
| | - Yuqun Zeng
- National Key Unit of Clinical Research of TCM on Chronic Kidney Diseases, Key Unit of Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, P.R.China
| | - Fuhua Lu
- National Key Unit of Clinical Research of TCM on Chronic Kidney Diseases, Key Unit of Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, P.R.China
| | - Xusheng Liu
- National Key Unit of Clinical Research of TCM on Chronic Kidney Diseases, Key Unit of Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, P.R.China
| | - Chuan Zou
- National Key Unit of Clinical Research of TCM on Chronic Kidney Diseases, Key Unit of Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, P.R.China
- * E-mail:
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Babaei S, Bayat M. Pentoxifylline Accelerates Wound Healing Process by Modulating Gene Expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 in Normoglycemic Rats. J INVEST SURG 2015; 28:196-201. [DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2014.1002642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Shirazi M, Soltani MR, Jahanabadi Z, Abdollahifar MA, Tanideh N, Noorafshan A. Stereological comparison of the effects of pentoxifylline, captopril, simvastatin, and tamoxifen on kidney and bladder structure after partial urethral obstruction in rats. Korean J Urol 2014; 55:756-63. [PMID: 25405019 PMCID: PMC4231154 DOI: 10.4111/kju.2014.55.11.756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Limited studies have shown antifibrotic effects of pentoxifylline, captopril, simvastatin, and tamoxifen. No comparisons are available of the effects of these drugs on prevention of renal and bladder changes in partial urethral obstruction (PUO). Materials and Methods The rats were divided into six groups (n=7). The sham-operated rats (group I) only underwent laparotomy and did not receive any treatments. The PUO groups (group II-VI) received normal saline (PUO+NS), pentoxifylline (100 mg/kg/d; PUO+PEN), captopril (35 mg/kg/d; PUO+CAP), simvastatin (15 mg/kg/d; PUO+SIM), or tamoxifen (10 mg/kg/d; PUO+TAM) by gavage for 28 days. Then, the volume and/or length of the kidney components (tubules, vessels, and fibrous tissue) and the bladder components (epithelial and muscular layers, fibrous tissue, fibroblast and fibrocyte number) were quantitatively evaluated on the microscopic sections by use of stereological techniques. Results The volume of renal and bladder fibrosis was significantly ameliorated in the PUO+PEN group, followed by the PUO+CAP, PUO+SIM, and PUO+TAM groups. Also, the volume and length of the renal tubules and vessels and bladder layers were more significantly protected in the PUO+PEN group, followed by the PUO+CAP, PUO+SIM, and PUO+TAM groups. Conclusions Treatment of PUO with PEN was more effective in the prevention of renal and bladder fibrosis and in the preservation of renal and bladder structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shirazi
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran. ; Department of Urology, Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Soltani
- Department of Urology, Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Jahanabadi
- Department of Urology, Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran. ; Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Noorafshan
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran. ; Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Noone D, Licht C. Chronic kidney disease: a new look at pathogenetic mechanisms and treatment options. Pediatr Nephrol 2014; 29:779-92. [PMID: 23471475 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-013-2436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The concept of renoprotection has evolved significantly, driven by improved understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the advent of novel treatment options. Glomerular hyperfiltration, hypertension and proteinuria represent key mediators of CKD progression. It is increasingly recognized that proteinuria may actually be pathological and etiological in CKD progression and not just symptomatic. It initiates a sequence of events involving activation of proinflammatory and profibrotic signaling pathways in proximal tubular epithelial cells with transmission of the disease to the tubulointerstitium and progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Although the etiology and epidemiology of pediatric CKD differs to that in adults, studies in the various animal models of kidney disease, from obstructive uropathy to glomerulonephritis, have revealed that many common proinflammatory and profibrotic pathways are induced in progressive proteinuric CKD, irrespective of the primary disease. This pathomechanistic overlap therefore translates into the potential for common treatment targets for a wide spectrum of kidney diseases. In this review we therefore discuss the experimental and clinical evidence for an array of prospective future drug treatments of CKD progression. While conceptually promising, clear definitive evidence beyond preclinical data does not exist for many of these treatments, and others are limited by serious adverse effects. More studies are needed before general recommendations can be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Noone
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1X8, ON, Canada
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Lu ZY, Liu SW, Xie YS, Cui SY, Liu XS, Geng WJ, Hu X, Ji JY, Chen XM. Inhibition of the tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in vivo and in vitro by the Uremic Clearance Granule (尿毒清颗粒). Chin J Integr Med 2013; 19:918-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-013-1654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Prabhu N, Rao SS, Kotrashetti SM, Baliga SD, Hallikerimath SR, Angadi PV, Issrani R. Pentoxifylline in patients with oral submucous fibrosis-a randomized clinical trial. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2013; 14:81-9. [PMID: 25729231 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-013-0580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM As far as research regarding any disease is concerned, each and every aspect poses a challenge. One such entity that poses a challenge in our arena is oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) as no effective treatment is available for this progressively disabling condition with high malignant potential. Hence the present study was undertaken with the aim to determine the use of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the clinical and histopathologic course of OSF. METHOD Thirty clinically confirmed OSF patients were categorized randomly into group I and group II. In group I, drug PTX was administered as an adjunct along with other conventional therapies. Group II patients were advised conventional therapies only. Pre- and post-treatment biopsies were obtained for the following parameters:Micro-vascular density (MVD),Area percentage of blood vessels,Severity of fibrosis, andInflammatory components. RESULTS On comparing MVD in groups I and II there was no significant difference in pre- and post-treatment.On comparing the average area percentage occupied by blood vessels, significant difference was seen in pre- and post-treatment biopsies in group I.On assessment of mouth opening and tongue protrusion, there was no significant improvement in either of the groups individually or in comparison. But when burning sensation of mucosa was assessed, pre- and post-treatment, both groups showed quite significant improvement individually. CONCLUSION Use of pentoxifylline seemed to be questionable, and taking into consideration the long administration time, its use is not recommended for the treatment of OSF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namdeo Prabhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, K.L.E.V.K Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, 590010 Karnataka India
| | - Sanjay S Rao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, K.L.E.V.K Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, 590010 Karnataka India
| | - S M Kotrashetti
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, K.L.E.V.K Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, 590010 Karnataka India
| | - Shridhar D Baliga
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, K.L.E.V.K Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, 590010 Karnataka India
| | - Seema R Hallikerimath
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, K.L.E.V.K Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, 590010 Karnataka India
| | - Punnya V Angadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, K.L.E.V.K Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, 590010 Karnataka India
| | - Rakhi Issrani
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saraswati Medical and Dental College, Lucknow, 227105 Uttar Pradesh India
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The preventive effect of pentoxifylline on contrast-induced nephropathy: a randomized clinical trial. Int Urol Nephrol 2013; 46:41-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-013-0420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hong JP, Li XM, Li MX, Zheng FL. VEGF suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inhibiting the expression of Smad3 and miR‑192, a Smad3-dependent microRNA. Int J Mol Med 2013; 31:1436-42. [PMID: 23588932 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)‑induced epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the important cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in renal fibrosis. Smad3 and miR-192 (a Smad3-dependent microRNA) are involved in TGF-β1-mediated EMT. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a renal tubular epithelial survival factor. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the role of Smad3 and miR‑192 in the effects of VEGF on TGF‑β1‑mediated tubular EMT. A human kidney cortex (HKC) cell line stably overexpressing VEGF (HKC-SOEV) was established. The normal HKC cells and HKC‑SOEV cells were treated with TGF-β1 (5 µg/l) or/and LY294002 (20 µmol/l) for 24 and 48 h (LY294002 blocks the effect of VEGF). The protein expression of Smad2, Smad3, Smad4 and phosphorylated Smad3 (p‑Smad3) were measured by western blot analysis. The expression of Smad3 and miR-192 was determined by real‑time PCR. E-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression was detected by western blot analysis and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). TGF-β1 was found to induce the expression of α-SMA in the HKC cells. TGF-β1 also induced Smad3, miR-192 and p-Smad3 expression, but suppressed E‑cadherin expression. However, in the HKC-SOEV cells, the expression levels of α-SMA, Smad3, miR-192 and p‑Smad3 upon TGF-β1 stimulation were significantly reduced. In these cells, the suppressive effect of TGF-β1 on E‑cadherin was also reduced. Importantly, treatment with LY294002 significantly diminished the effect of VEGF. VEGF suppressed Smad3 and miR‑192, and subsequently inhibited EMT induced by TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ping Hong
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Babaei S, Bayat M, Nouruzian M, Bayat M. Pentoxifylline improves cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 700:165-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Babaei S, Bayat M. Effect of Pentoxifylline Administration on Mast Cell Numbers and Degranulation in a Diabetic and Normoglycemic rat Model Wound Healing. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2012; 14:483-7. [PMID: 23105985 PMCID: PMC3470843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wound healing is a complicated and integrated process. Researches in the molecular level on human and animal models have indicated several molecular changes related to the effect of diabetes on wound healing process. OBJECTIVES Increasing number of researches implicates the influence of mast cells on skin wound repairing. In this study the effect of systemic pentoxifylline (PTX) administration (daily dose of 25mg/kg twice a day, for 7 consecutive days) on normoglycemic (NG) and diabetic (DB) wistar rat's wound healing by secondary intention was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study forty eight wistar rats (weighting 250-350g) were divided randomly in two groups: Normoglycemic and diabetic, each group was divided into experimental and control groups, experimental received intraperitoneal (PTX) and controls received distilled water (DW). The number and maturing process of mast cells was evaluated by counting the number of types of mast cells [1][2][3] microscopically and by stereological methods on day 3 and 7 after surgery. RESULTS In this study it was cleared that in wound healing process PTX caused increasing the number of type 2 mast cells in all experimental groups(P = 0.00). In normoglycemic experimental group, receiving PTX there was decrease in the number of type3 mast cells, comparing experimental NG groups (P = 0.00). CONCLUSIONS In all PTX treated groups delay in converting type 2 into type 3 mast cell was seen. Pentoxifylline causes decreasing mast cell degranulation in wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Babaei
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Medical Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Bayat
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Medical Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IR Iran,Corresponding author at: Mohammad Bayat, Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Medical Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University,Po Box: 19395/4719, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel.: +98-2122400681, Fax: +98-2122400681, E-mail:
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Lian YG, Zhou QG, Zhang YJ, Zheng FL. VEGF ameliorates tubulointerstitial fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction mice via inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:1513-21. [PMID: 21986574 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to be a survival factor for renal tubular epithelial cells. In the present study, we investigated whether administration of VEGF ameliorates tubulointerstitial fibrosis in a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). METHODS Thirty-six male CD-1 mice were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operation, UUO and UUO+VEGF group. VEGF (50 μg/kg) was subcutaneously injected twice daily from d 1 to d 14. Mice in each group were killed at d 3, 7, or 14 after the operation, and the tubulointerstitial fibrosis was histopathologically evaluated. Human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were used for in vitro study. The expression levels of α-SMA, E-cadherin, TGF-β1, CTGF, and BMP-7 in the kidney were determined using Western blot and RT-PCR. RESULTS In the UUO mice, the degree of interstitial fibrosis was dramatically increased in a time-dependent manner. At d 3, 7, and 14, both the mRNA and protein expression levels for α-SMA, TGF-β1, and CTGF were significantly upregulated, whereas those for E-cadherin and BMP-7 were significantly downregulated. At d 3 and 7, VEGF treatment significantly reduced interstitial fibrosis and the expression levels for α-SMA, TGF-β1, and CTGF, while significantly increased the expression of E-cadherin and BMP-7, as compared with the UUO mice. At d 14 after operation, no significant differences were observed in the expression of the examined markers between VEGF-treated mice and UUO mice, with the exception of CTGF. In HK-2 cells, VEGF blocked TGF-β1-induced α-SMA and vimentin expression and restored E-cadherin expression in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION VEGF may ameliorate renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis at the early stage in UUO mice. This effect may be related to inhibition of VEGF on renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
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Shirazi M, Noorafshan A, Farrokhi A. Effects of pentoxifylline on renal structure after urethral obstruction in rat: A stereological study. Cent European J Urol 2011; 64:30-3. [PMID: 24578857 PMCID: PMC3921697 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2011.01.art6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Chronic renal failure due to tubulointerstitial fibrosis is one of complications of lower urinary tract obstruction. Since pentoxifylline is a xanthine derivative that inhibits some inflammatory mediators, we conducted this study to investigate whether pentoxifylline inhibits renal fibrosis in a rat model of partial urethral obstruction (PUO). Methods All the rats underwent experimental PUO. Then, the animals were divided randomly into two groups: positive control group and experimental group. The experimental group received pentoxifylline 100 mg/kg per day via oral gavages for 4-weeks. The control group received the same dose of normal saline. After 4-weeks, all the rats underwent left nephrectomy. Kidney volume and weight and fractional and absolute volumes of the glomeruli, tubules, interstitium and vessels were determined with stereological methods. To reduce the workload of reference (kidney) volume estimation, the total kidney volume was determined after estimation of tissue shrinkage on isotropic uniform random histological sections. The total volume (amount) of each renal structure including fibrosis was estimated to avoid the bias conclusion due to relying on volume density alone. Results The absolute volume of interstitial fibrosis was lower in the experimental group (PUO with pentoxifylline treatment) (~84%; p ≤0.006) in comparison with the control group (PUO with no treatment). Conclusion Pentoxifylline reduces interstitial renal fibrosis after partial urethral obstruction in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shirazi
- Histomorphometry & Stereology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Noorafshan
- Histomorphometry & Stereology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Farrokhi
- Department of Urology, Shahid Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Role of modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in gastric ulcer healing in diabetic rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 79:1634-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tsujimura T, Nagamine J, Sugaru E, Ono-Kishino M, Tokunaga T, Kitoh M, Nagata R, Nakagawa T, Taiji M. Combination therapy with SMP-534 and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor provides additional renoprotection in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:1991-6. [PMID: 19952417 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The number of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has continuously grown worldwide. Treatment with antihypertensive agents reduces the rate of progression of CKD, however, there is still a large unmet need to develop strategies for the treatment of CKD. Although we have previously reported that the antifibrotic agent, SMP-534 inhibits the progression of CKD, it is unknown whether combination therapy with SMP-534 and antihypertensive agent shows additive effects on CKD. In present study, we examined whether combination therapy with SMP-534 and the antihypertensive agent, lisinopril is more effective than single therapy with SMP-534 or lisinopril on five-sixths nephrectomized (5/6Nx) rat model. Combination therapy with SMP-534 (50 mg/kg) and lisinopril (5 mg/kg) significantly decreased urinary albumin excretion, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine and increased creatinine clearance in 5/6Nx rats. On the other hands, single treatment with SMP-534 or lisinopril did not improve renal function at this dose. In addition, combination therapy with SMP-534 and lisinopril significantly decreased extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in renal glomeruli and tubulointerstitial injury. These data suggest that combination therapy with an antifibrotic agent and an antihypertensive agent may offer a new therapeutic option for suppressing the progression of CKD.
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