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Xie K, Li Z, Zhang Y, Wu H, Zhang T, Wang W. Artemisinin and its derivatives as promising therapies for autoimmune diseases. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27972. [PMID: 38596057 PMCID: PMC11001780 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin, a traditional Chinese medicine with remarkable antimalarial activity. In recent years, studies demonstrated that artemisinin and its derivatives (ARTs) showed anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects. ARTs have been developed and gradually applied to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, their role in the treament of patients with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in particular is less well recognized. This review will briefly describe the history of ARTs use in patients with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, the theorized mechanisms of action of the agents ARTs, their efficacy in patients with autoinmmune and inflammatory diseases. Overall, ARTs have numerous beneficial effects in patients with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and have a good safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Xie
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/ AIDS Research, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/ AIDS Research, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/ AIDS Research, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/ AIDS Research, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/ AIDS Research, Beijing, 100069, China
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Anti-Inflammatory and Immunoregulatory Action of Sesquiterpene Lactones. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031142. [PMID: 35164406 PMCID: PMC8839508 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones (SL), characterized by their high prevalence in the Asteraceae family, are one of the major groups of secondary metabolites found in plants. Researchers from distinct research fields, including pharmacology, medicine, and agriculture, are interested in their biological potential. With new SL discovered in the last years, new biological activities have been tested, different action mechanisms (synergistic and/or antagonistic effects), as well as molecular structure–activity relationships described. The review identifies the main sesquiterpene lactones with interconnections between immune responses and anti-inflammatory actions, within different cellular models as well in in vivo studies. Bioaccessibility and bioavailability, as well as molecular structure–activity relationships are addressed. Additionally, plant metabolic engineering, and the impact of sesquiterpene lactone extraction methodologies are presented, with the perspective of biological activity enhancement. Sesquiterpene lactones derivatives are also addressed. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the therapeutic potential of sesquiterpene lactones within immune and inflammatory activities, highlighting trends and opportunities for their pharmaceutical/clinical use.
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Guo X, Yang N, Ji W, Zhang H, Dong X, Zhou Z, Li L, Shen HM, Yao SQ, Huang W. Mito-Bomb: Targeting Mitochondria for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007778. [PMID: 34510563 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has been one of the most common life-threatening diseases for a long time. Traditional cancer therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy (CT), and radiotherapy (RT) have limited effects due to drug resistance, unsatisfactory treatment efficiency, and side effects. In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) have been utilized for cancer treatment owing to their high selectivity, minor resistance, and minimal toxicity. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that selective delivery of drugs to specific subcellular organelles can significantly enhance the efficiency of cancer therapy. Mitochondria-targeting therapeutic strategies are promising for cancer therapy, which is attributed to the essential role of mitochondria in the regulation of cancer cell apoptosis, metabolism, and more vulnerable to hyperthermia and oxidative damage. Herein, the rational design, functionalization, and applications of diverse mitochondria-targeting units, involving organic phosphine/sulfur salts, quaternary ammonium (QA) salts, peptides, transition-metal complexes, guanidinium or bisguanidinium, as well as mitochondria-targeting cancer therapies including PDT, PTT, CDT, and others are summarized. This review aims to furnish researchers with deep insights and hints in the design and applications of novel mitochondria-targeting agents for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Naidi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Wenhui Ji
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
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Yuandani, Nugraha SE, Laila L, Satria D. Immunomodulatory effects of standardized extract of Curcuma mangga val. on cytokines, antibody and delayed-type hypersensitivity response in Wistar rats. Res Pharm Sci 2020; 16:16-25. [PMID: 33953771 PMCID: PMC8074802 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.305185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Recently, we have highlighted the immunomodulatory activity of Curcuma mangga Val. on phagocytosis ability. The current study was conducted to determine the immunomodulatory effects of the standardized extract of C. mangga rhizomes by in vitro and in vivo studies. Experimental approach: The C. mangga extract was standardized according to a guideline for herbal preparation. The extract was investigated for its immunomodulatory effects on gene expression of cytokines, cytokines and antibody production as well as delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. The gene expression of cytokines on lipopolysaccharide-induced-RAW 264.7 cells was analysed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. The effect of the extract on DTH response was investigated by the paw edema method, meanwhile the effects of the extract on antibody and cytokine production from normal and cyclophosphamide-induced Salmonella typhimurium infected rats were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Findings/Results: The extract of C. mangga demonstrated an inhibitory effect on gene expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6 as compared to lipopolysaccharide-induced cells. The extract also depicted inhibitory activity on IL-4 production as compared to the negative control. Whereas, the DTH response and production of immunoglobulin G from both groups after treatment with C. mangga extract were higher than those of negative control (P < 0.05). Conclusion and implications: The results indicated that the C. mangga extract has immunomodulatory effects, emphasizing its potential to be developed as immunotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuandani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.,Centre of Excellence for Chitosan and Advanced Materials, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Sony Eka Nugraha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Lia Laila
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Denny Satria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
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Tang Y, Liu J, Zhang D, Xu Z, Ji J, Wen C. Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: The Current Evidence and Treatment Strategies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1708. [PMID: 32754163 PMCID: PMC7365923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 670] [Impact Index Per Article: 167.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) is the pathogen that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As of 25 May 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 has caused 347,192 deaths around the world. The current evidence showed that severely ill patients tend to have a high concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, compared to those who are moderately ill. The high level of cytokines also indicates a poor prognosis in COVID-19. Besides, excessive infiltration of pro-inflammatory cells, mainly involving macrophages and T-helper 17 cells, has been found in lung tissues of patients with COVID-19 by postmortem examination. Recently, increasing studies indicate that the "cytokine storm" may contribute to the mortality of COVID-19. Here, we summarize the clinical and pathologic features of the cytokine storm in COVID-19. Our review shows that SARS-Cov-2 selectively induces a high level of IL-6 and results in the exhaustion of lymphocytes. The current evidence indicates that tocilizumab, an IL-6 inhibitor, is relatively effective and safe. Besides, corticosteroids, programmed cell death protein (PD)-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition, cytokine-adsorption devices, intravenous immunoglobulin, and antimalarial agents could be potentially useful and reliable approaches to counteract cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jinjun Ji
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengping Wen
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Chen H, Wang K, Xiao H, Hu Z, Zhao L. Structural Characterization and Pro-inflammatory Activity of a Thaumatin-Like Protein from Pulp Tissues of Litchi chinensis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6439-6447. [PMID: 32412750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to extract and purify proteins from the pulp tissues of litchi and evaluate their structure and pro-inflammatory activity. The results showed that a highly pure litchi protein was identified as the litchi thaumatin-like protein (LcTLP) by nano LC-MS/MS and verified by sequencing of the LcTLP gene. The molecular weight was 24 kDa, and the main secondary structure was a β sheet (33.00 ± 2.86%). Small-angle X-ray scattering results showed that LcTLP was a spherical particle (diameter of approximately 140 to 165 nm) with a close internal and rough surface in solution. The assay of pro-inflammatory activity in vitro revealed that the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 genes reached 9.71 ± 0.64 and 7.05 ± 1.00 after 200 μg/mL LcTLP stimulation, which were 7.05-fold and 9.61-fold that of the blank control, respectively. LcTLP promoted the gene expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, and it also enhanced the expression of p65, which is a key component of nuclear factor-κ B signaling pathways. Additionally, the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β1 increased after LcTLP stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R.China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R.China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural, Guangzhou 510642, P.R.China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Zhuoyan Hu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R.China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural, Guangzhou 510642, P.R.China
| | - Lei Zhao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R.China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural, Guangzhou 510642, P.R.China
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Qiu J, Peng P, Xin M, Wen Z, Chen Z, Lin S, Kuang M, Fu Y, Fang G, Li S, Li C, Mao J, Qin L, Ding Y. ZBTB20-mediated titanium particle-induced peri-implant osteolysis by promoting macrophage inflammatory responses. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:3147-3163. [PMID: 32363359 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00147c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aseptic loosening (AL) caused by wear particles released from implant surfaces is one of the main causes for the failure of artificial joints, which is initiated by macrophage inflammatory responses. Emerging evidence suggests that the member of a broad-complex, tramtrack, bric-a-brac/poxvirus and zinc finger (BTB/POZ) family as well as zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 20 (ZBTB20) can inhibit IκBα gene transcription, promote NF-κB activation, and initiate innate immune responses. The molecular mechanism(s) by which ZBTB20 contributes to titanium particle (TiP)-induced macrophage inflammatory responses and osteolysis has not been fully elucidated. Here, we showed that ZBTB20 increased either in the AL group's synovial membranes or in TiP-stimulated bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) as compared to that in the control groups. Moreover, the knockdown of ZBTB20 led to the inhibition of proinflammatory factors induced by TiPs in BMDMs, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon-β (IFN-β). Here, we also reported that the knockdown of ZBTB20 suppressed TiP-induced NF-κB activation and M1 polarization as well as stabilized the trans Golgi network (TGN) in BMDMs. The dual-luciferase reporter assay identified the binding between the IκBα promoter and ZBTB20, and IκBα knockdown could rescue the antiinflammatory effects induced by the ZBTB20 knockdown in BMDMs. Finally, we found that sh-ZBTB20 lentivirus injection could reduce TiP-induced osteolysis in mouse calvaria, inhibiting TiP-induced proinflammatory factors and loss of bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) as well as bone mineral density (BMD). These results suggest that ZBTB20 positively regulated NF-κB activation and M1 polarization as well as the production of TGN-derived tubular carriers in BMDMs, playing a positive role in macrophage activation and mouse cranial osteolysis induced by TiPs. It may be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of aseptic loosening of prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiong Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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Artemisinin and its derivatives; ancient tradition inspiring the latest therapeutic approaches against malaria. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1443-1459. [PMID: 31298579 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin (ART) is an endoperoxide sesquiterpene lactone, commonly used in the treatment of malaria. Although it was isolated from Artemisia annua L., a plant widely applied in Chinese Traditional Medicine, its mechanism of action remains uncertain and its clinical use is still limited due to its low solubility, its poor bioavailability and short in vivo half-life. Over time, several studies have been aimed towards the discovery of potent ART derivatives that could overcome clinical drawbacks. In this review, we focus on the multifaced aspects of ART and on the efforts spent to improve its pharmacological profile that so far culminated in the discovery of more effective drugs. Lastly, we outline the new perspectives in the ART-derivatives scenario.
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9
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Artemisinin and its derivatives: a potential therapeutic approach for oral lichen planus. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:297-310. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01216-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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10
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Wu G, Cheng B, Qian H, Ma S, Chen Q. Identification of HSP90 as a direct target of artemisinin for its anti-inflammatory activity via quantitative chemical proteomics. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6854-6859. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01264h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Global profiling of the target proteins of ART for its anti-inflammatory activity via ABPP combined with quantitative chemical proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Wu
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
| | - Bao Cheng
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Qian
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
| | - Shengming Ma
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
| | - Qin Chen
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
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Tun X, Yasukawa K, Yamada KI. Nitric Oxide Is Involved in Activation of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling through Tyrosine Nitration of Src Homology Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 2 in Murine Dextran Sulfate-Induced Colitis. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1843-1852. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tun
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Keiji Yasukawa
- Laboratory of Advanced Pharmacology, Daiichi University of Pharmacy
| | - Ken-ichi Yamada
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO
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Diminazene aceturate (Berenil) downregulates Trypanosoma congolense-induced proinflammatory cytokine production by altering phosphorylation of MAPK and STAT proteins. Immunol Res 2018; 67:84-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-018-9040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Yan YX, Shao MJ, Qi Q, Xu YS, Yang XQ, Zhu FH, He SJ, He PL, Feng CL, Wu YW, Li H, Tang W, Zuo JP. Artemisinin analogue SM934 ameliorates DSS-induced mouse ulcerative colitis via suppressing neutrophils and macrophages. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1633-1644. [PMID: 29849131 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by complicated and relapsing inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. SM934 is a water-soluble artemisinin analogue that shows anti-inflammatory and immuno-regulatory effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of SM934 on UC both in vivo and in vitro. A mouse model of colitis was established in mice by oral administration of 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). SM934 (3, 10 mg/kg per day, ig) was administered to the mice for 10 days. After the mice were sacrificed, colons, spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were collected for analyses. We showed that SM934 administration restored DSS-induced body weight loss, colon shortening, injury and inflammation scores. Furthermore, SM934 administration significantly decreased the disease activity index (DAI), histopathological scores, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities in colonic tissues. Moreover, SM934 administration dose-dependently decreased the mRNA and protein levels of DSS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), and the percentage of macrophages and neutrophils in colon tissues. The effects of SM934 on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and THP-1-derived macrophages were examined in vitro. Treatment with SM934 (0.8, 8, 80 μmol/L) dose-dependently decreased the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and THP-1-derived macrophages via inhibiting activation of the NF-κB signaling. Our results reveal the protective effects of SM934 on DSS-induced colitis can be attributed to its suppressing effects on neutrophils and macrophages and its inhibitory role in the NF-κB signaling, suggests that SM934 might be a potential effective drug for ulcerative colitis.
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Lambertellin from Pycnoporus sanguineus MUCL 51321 and its anti-inflammatory effect via modulation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Bioorg Chem 2018; 80:216-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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15
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Bobade D, Khandare AV, Deval M, Shastry P, Deshpande P. Hemozoin-induced activation of human monocytes toward M2-like phenotype is partially reversed by antimalarial drugs-chloroquine and artemisinin. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00651. [PMID: 29877619 PMCID: PMC6436431 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum malaria is the most severe form of malaria with several complications. The malaria pigment‐hemozoin (Hz) is associated with severe anemia, cytokine dysfunction, and immunosuppression, thus making it an interesting target for developing new strategies for antimalarial therapy. Monocytes (MO) in circulation actively ingest Hz released by Plasmodium parasites and secrete pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines. M1 and M2 types represent the two major forms of MO/macrophages (MQ) with distinct phenotypes and opposing functions. Imbalance in the polarization of these types is reported in many infectious diseases. Though the association of Hz with immunosuppression is well documented, its role in activation of MO in context of M1/M2 phenotypes remains to be addressed. We report here that natural Hz drives human MO toward M2‐like phenotype as evidenced by the expression of M2 signature markers. Hz‐fed MO showed elevated transcript and secreted level of IL‐10, CCL17, CCL1, expression of mannose‐binding lectin receptor (CD206), and arginase activity. Hz attenuated HLA‐DR expression, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species production, which are the features of M1 phenotype. Our data also implicate the involvement of p38 MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and NF‐κB signaling pathways in skewing of Hz‐fed MO toward M2‐like type and suppression of mitogen‐stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. Importantly, antimalarial drugs—chloroquine and artemisinin—partially reversed activation of Hz‐induced MO toward M2‐like phenotype. Considering the limitations in the current therapeutic options for malaria, we propose that these drugs may be re‐examined for their potential as immunomodulators and candidates for adjunctive treatment in malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mangesh Deval
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
| | - Padma Shastry
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
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Feng G, Liu J, Zhang CJ, Liu B. Artemisinin and AIEgen Conjugate for Mitochondria-Targeted and Image-Guided Chemo- and Photodynamic Cancer Cell Ablation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:11546-11553. [PMID: 29560714 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell organelle targeting is a promising approach for cancer therapy. We herein report a light-up probe (tetraphenylethenethiophene (TPETH)-Mito-1ART) to co-deliver artemisinin (ART) and an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) photosensitizer to cancer cell mitochondria for image-guided combination cancer cell ablation. This probe contains a TPETH core, two mitochondria targeting arms with ART on one arm, which show high specificity toward cancer cells over normal ones, predominant accumulation, and fluorescence turn-on in mitochondria. The fresh heme produced in mitochondria quickly activates ART, and the direct generation of reactive oxygen species at mitochondria promotes photodynamic therapy (PDT) performance. The incorporation of ART and PDT leads to a largely improved cancer cell ablation efficacy with a synergistic effect, which could quickly depolarize mitochondrial membrane and largely reduce cancer migration activity. This co-delivery strategy provides great potentials for subcellular organelle-targeted and image-guided combination cancer cell ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxue Feng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4 , Singapore 117585 , Singapore
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4 , Singapore 117585 , Singapore
| | - Chong-Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4 , Singapore 117585 , Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica , Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4 , Singapore 117585 , Singapore
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Zyad A, Tilaoui M, Jaafari A, Oukerrou MA, Mouse HA. More insights into the pharmacological effects of artemisinin. Phytother Res 2017; 32:216-229. [PMID: 29193409 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin is one of the most widely prescribed drugs against malaria and has recently received increased attention because of its other potential biological effects. The aim of this review is to summarize recent discoveries of the pharmaceutical effects of artemisinin in basic science along with its mechanistic action, as well as the intriguing results of recent clinical studies, with a focus on its antitumor activity. Scientific evidence indicates that artemisinin exerts its biological activity by generating reactive oxygen species that damage the DNA, mitochondrial depolarization, and cell death. In the present article review, scientific evidence suggests that artemisinin is a potential therapeutic agent for various diseases. Thus, this review is expected to encourage interested scientists to conduct further preclinical and clinical studies to evaluate these biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmajid Zyad
- Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Team of Natural Substances and Cellular and Molecular Immuno-pharmacology, Immuno-biology of Cancer Cells, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Mounir Tilaoui
- Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Team of Natural Substances and Cellular and Molecular Immuno-pharmacology, Immuno-biology of Cancer Cells, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Abdeslam Jaafari
- Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Team of Natural Substances and Cellular and Molecular Immuno-pharmacology, Immuno-biology of Cancer Cells, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Moulay Ali Oukerrou
- Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Team of Natural Substances and Cellular and Molecular Immuno-pharmacology, Immuno-biology of Cancer Cells, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Hassan Ait Mouse
- Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Team of Natural Substances and Cellular and Molecular Immuno-pharmacology, Immuno-biology of Cancer Cells, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
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Li H, Zuo J, Tang W. Water-soluble artemisinin derivatives as promising therapeutic immunosuppressants of autoimmune diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:cmi201787. [PMID: 28890548 PMCID: PMC5675962 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuzhongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- College of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianping Zuo
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuzhongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- College of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuzhongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- College of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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Gao YX, Cheng BF, Lian JJ, Guo DD, Qin JW, Zhang YB, Yang HJ, Wang M, Wang L, Feng ZW. Liquiritin, a flavone compound from licorice, inhibits IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses in SW982 human synovial cells. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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The pharmacological activities and mechanisms of artemisinin and its derivatives: a systematic review. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Effect of Artemisia annua extract on treating active rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized controlled trial. Chin J Integr Med 2016; 23:496-503. [PMID: 28035541 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and safety of the complementary use of the extract of Artemisia annua L. (EAA) on treating active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS A randomized controlled clinical trial was performed. All the 159 participates with active RA were randomly assigned to the control group (80 cases) and EAA group (79 cases) using concealed random allocation method. In the control group, patients were medicated with leflflunomide and methotrexate for 48 weeks; and patients in the EAA group were administrated with leflflunomide, methotrexate plus EAA (30 g/d). At the time points of 0, 12, 24 and 48 weeks, the clinical outcome measures, including objective pain score, tenderness score, number of painful joints, number of swollen joints, health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) score for quality of life, levels of serum rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated protein antibodies (CCP-Ab), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP), visual analogue score for pain (VAS), and the overall effificacy were detected and recorded. RESULTS The objective pain score, number of painful joints and ESR at 12 weeks, tenderness score and HAQ at 24 weeks, and the tenderness score, number of painfull joints, number of swollen joints, HAQ, CRP, RF and CCP-Ab at 48 weeks were signifificantly improved in the EAA group compared with the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). At 24 and 48 weeks, the overall effificacy of the EAA group was signifificantly higher than the control group (P<0.01). There were signifificantly higher withdrawal rate of corticosteroids within 12 weeks post-treatment and lower incidence rate of adverse effects in the EAA group compared with the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). CONCLUSION EAA plus methotrexate and leflflunomide were more effective and safer than the routine use of methotrexate and leflflunomide in the treatment of active RA.
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Mavondo GA, Mkhwananzi BN, Mabandla MV, Musabayane CT. Asiatic acid influences parasitaemia reduction and ameliorates malaria anaemia in P. berghei infected Sprague-Dawley male rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:357. [PMID: 27618936 PMCID: PMC5020548 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current malaria treatment is either "anti-parasitic", "anti-infectivity" or both without addressing the pathophysiological derangement (anti-disease aspect) associated with the disease. Asiatic acid is a natural phytochemical with oxidant, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties whose effect on malarial and accompanying pathophysiology are yet to be investigated. Asiatic acid influence in P. berghei-infected Sprague Dawley rats on %parasitaemia and malarial anaemia were investigated. METHODS Plasmodium berghei-infected rats (90-120 g) were orally administered with Asiatic acid (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) and 30 mg/kg chloroquine as a positive control. Changes in %parasitaemia and haematological parameters in Asiatic acid administered rats were monitored in a 21 day study and compared to controls. RESULTS All animals developed stable parasitaemia (15-20 %) by day 7. Asiatic acid doses suppressed parasitaemia, normalised haematological measurements and influenced biophysical characteristics changes. Most positive changes were associated with intragastric administration of 10 mg/kg Asiatic acid dose. Peak %parasitaemia in Asiatic acid administration occurred at days 12 with a shorter time course compared to day 9 for chloroquine (30 mg/kg) treatment with a longer time course. CONCLUSIONS Oral Asiatic acid administration influenced %parasitaemia suppression, ameliorated malarial anaemia and increased biophysical properties on infected animals. Asiatic acid may be a replacement alternative for chloroquine treatment with concomitant amelioration of malaria pathophysiology. Due to different action time courses, Asiatic acid and chloroquine may be possible candidates in combination therapy.
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Hou L, Huang H. Immune suppressive properties of artemisinin family drugs. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 166:123-7. [PMID: 27411673 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin and its derivatives are the first-line antimalarial drugs, and have saved millions of lives across the globe, especially in developing world. The discovery of artemisinin by Youyou Tu was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. In addition to treating malaria, accumulating evidences suggest that artemisinin and its derivatives also possess potent anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. We recently showed that artesunate, an artemisinin analog, dramatically ameliorated autoimmune arthritis by selectively diminishing germinal center B cells. Herein, we review the immunosuppressive properties of artemisinin family drugs and the potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Hou
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, and Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Haochu Huang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, and Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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Yuandani, Jantan I, Ilangkovan M, Husain K, Chan KM. Inhibitory effects of compounds from Phyllanthus amarus on nitric oxide production, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine release from phagocytes. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:1935-45. [PMID: 27354767 PMCID: PMC4907639 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s105651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Standardized extract of Phyllanthus amarus has previously been shown to have a strong inhibitory effect on phagocytic activity of human neutrophils. The current study was carried out to evaluate the effects of constituents of the extract of P. amarus on nitric oxide (NO) production as well as lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine release from phagocytes. Three compounds, ethyl 8-hydroxy-8-methyl-tridecanoate, 7β,19α dihydroxy-urs-12-ene, and 1,7,8-trihydroxy-2-naphtaldehyde, together with seven known compounds were isolated from the whole plant of P. amarus. The isolated compounds and reference standards, ie, gallic acid, ellagic acid, corilagin, and geraniin, which were quantitatively analyzed in the extracts, were evaluated for their effects on immune cells. Among the compounds tested, the lignans, especially phyltetralin and phyllanthin, showed strong inhibition on lymphocyte proliferation with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 1.07 μM and 1.82 μM, respectively. Ethyl 8-hydroxy-8-methyl-tridecanoate and 1,7,8-trihydroxy-2-naphtaldehyde exhibited strong inhibition on nitric oxide production with IC50 values of 0.91 μM and 1.07 μM, respectively. Of all the compounds, corilagin was the strongest inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-α release with an IC50 value of 7.39 μM, whereas geraniin depicted the strongest inhibitory activity on interleukin-1β release with an IC50 value of 16.41 μM. The compounds constituting the extract of P. amarus were able to inhibit the innate immune response of phagocytes at different steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuandani
- Drug and Herbal Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Falkultas Farmasi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, USU-Kampus, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Drug and Herbal Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Menaga Ilangkovan
- Drug and Herbal Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khairana Husain
- Drug and Herbal Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok Meng Chan
- Biomedical Science Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chi G, Zhong W, Liu Y, Lu G, Lü H, Wang D, Sun F. Isorhamnetin protects mice from lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via the inhibition of inflammatory responses. Inflamm Res 2015; 65:33-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0887-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Shim DW, Heo KH, Kim YK, Sim EJ, Kang TB, Choi JW, Sim DW, Cheong SH, Lee SH, Bang JK, Won HS, Lee KH. Anti-Inflammatory Action of an Antimicrobial Model Peptide That Suppresses the TRIF-Dependent Signaling Pathway via Inhibition of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Endocytosis in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126871. [PMID: 26017270 PMCID: PMC4446091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also called host defense peptides, particularly those with amphipathic helical structures, are emerging as target molecules for therapeutic development due to their immunomodulatory properties. Although the antimicrobial activity of AMPs is known to be exerted primarily by permeation of the bacterial membrane, the mechanism underlying its anti-inflammatory activity remains to be elucidated. We report potent anti-inflammatory activity of WALK11.3, an antimicrobial model peptide with an amphipathic helical conformation, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. This peptide inhibited the expression of inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, INF-β, and TNF-α. Although WALK11.3 did not exert a major effect on all downstream signaling in the MyD88-dependent pathway, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)- mediated pro-inflammatory signals were markedly attenuated in the TRIF-dependent pathway due to inhibition of the phosphorylation of STAT1 by attenuation of IRF3 phosphorylation. WALK11.3 specifically inhibited the endocytosis of TLR4, which is essential for triggering TRIF-mediated signaling in macrophage cells. Hence, we suggest that specific interference with TLR4 endocytosis could be one of the major modes of the anti-inflammatory action of AMPs. Our designed WALK11 peptides, which possess both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, may be promising molecules for the development of therapies for infectious inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Wan Shim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hyuck Heo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Sim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Bong Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wan Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Won Sim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hong Lee
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Won
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HW); (KL)
| | - Kwang-Ho Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HW); (KL)
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Anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory functions of artemisinin and its derivatives. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:435713. [PMID: 25960615 PMCID: PMC4415672 DOI: 10.1155/2015/435713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin and its derivatives are widely used in the world as the first-line antimalarial drug. Recently, growing evidences reveal that artemisinin and its derivatives also possess potent anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. Meanwhile, researchers around the world are still exploring the unknown bioactivities of artemisinin derivatives. In this review, we provide a comprehensive discussion on recent advances of artemisinin derivatives affecting inflammation and autoimmunity, the underlying molecular mechanisms, and also drug development of artemisinins beyond antimalarial functions.
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Zheng C, Lei C, Chen Z, Zheng S, Yang H, Qiu Y, Lei B. Topical administration of diminazene aceturate decreases inflammation in endotoxin-induced uveitis. Mol Vis 2015; 21:403-11. [PMID: 25883526 PMCID: PMC4392833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Our previous study demonstrated that an intraperitoneal injection of Diminazene Aceturate (DIZE) attenuated uveitis by activating ocular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects on the ocular anterior segment of a topical administration of a DIZE solution and explored the downstream target molecules involved in the anti-inflammatory mechanism after ACE2 activation. METHODS Endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in rats was induced by a subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 200 μg) in 0.1 ml of sterile saline. DIZE (0.025, 0.05, or 0.1%) and dexamethasone (0.1%) solutions were applied topically (10 μl eyedrops) to both eyes 6X every two hours before and after LPS injection. The inflammation of the ocular anterior segment was observed and the clinical scores were evaluated 24 h after LPS injection. The total protein concentration and levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the aqueous humor were determined. CD11b-positive cells adjacent to the iris ciliary body (ICB) were stained by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines and mediators, including IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS or NF-κB subunit p65 in the ICB, were analyzed by real time RT-PCR. The protein expression of NF-κB p65 and the phosphorylated protein of p38 MAPK were detected by western blotting. RESULTS A topical administration of DIZE decreased clinical scores and the total protein concentration, as well as TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the aqueous humor. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines and mediators, including IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS in the ICB, were downregulated. DIZE reduced the recruitment of CD11b-positive cells adjacent to the ICB. Furthermore, DIZE downregulated the expressions of NF-κB subunit p65 at protein and mRNA levels and inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK protein in the ICB. CONCLUSIONS A topical administration of DIZE suppressed ocular inflammation in EIU and decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines. DIZE attenuated the activation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK in EIU, which may be associated with ACE2-mediated anti-inflammatory effects. Our data provided further evidence that DIZE may represent a novel class of drug for the management of ocular inflammation.
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Kim JH, Kim YS, Hwang JW, Han YK, Lee JS, Kim SK, Jeon YJ, Moon SH, Jeon BT, Bahk YY, Park PJ. Sulfated chitosan oligosaccharides suppress LPS-induced NO production via JNK and NF-κB inactivation. Molecules 2014; 19:18232-47. [PMID: 25387351 PMCID: PMC6271491 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191118232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Various biological effects have been reported for sulfated chitosan oligosaccharides, but the molecular mechanisms of action of their anti-inflammatory effects are still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of sulfated chitosan oligosaccharides and to elucidate the possible mechanisms of action. The results showed that pretreated low molecular weight sulfated chitosan oligosaccharides inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells. The sulfated chitosan oligosaccharides also suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), phosphorylation of JNK and translocation of p65, a subunit of NF-κB, into the nucleus by inhibiting degradation of IκB-α. Our investigation suggests sulfated chitosan oligosaccharides inhibit IL-6/TNF-α in LPS-induced macrophages, regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathways dependent on NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Yon-Suk Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Young-Ki Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Jung-Suck Lee
- Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Specialized Graduate School & Technology Convergence, Department of Marine-Bio Convergence Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Moon
- Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Byong-Tae Jeon
- Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Young Yil Bahk
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
| | - Pyo-Jam Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
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Guo L, Dong F, Hou Y, Cai W, Zhou X, Huang AL, Yang M, Allen TD, Liu J. Dihydroartemisinin inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-induced endothelial cell migration by a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-independent pathway. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:1707-1712. [PMID: 25371719 PMCID: PMC4217775 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin, has been demonstrated to possess a strong antiangiogenic activity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. Endothelial cell (EC) migration is an essential component of angiogenesis, and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway plays a key role in the regulation of migration induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of DHA on EC migration and the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) were treated with DHA and VEGF-induced migration was analyzed. The activation of p38 MAPK was detected by western blot analysis, and the migration assays were performed with a p38-specific inhibitor, SB203850. It was revealed that 20 μM DHA significantly reduced EC migration in the transwell migration assay, wound healing assay and electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing real-time analysis. However, DHA did not affect p38 MAPK phosphorylation or expression. In the absence or presence of SB203850, DHA induced a similar proportional reduction of EC migration in the three migration assays. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that DHA inhibits VEGF-induced EC migration via a p38 MAPK-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China ; Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Fengyun Dong
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yinglong Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Cai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Ling Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Thaddeus D Allen
- G.W. Hooper Research Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0552, USA
| | - Ju Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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Wang T, Dai Y, Dun Y, Zhang C, Wan J, Deng L, Zhou Z, Liu C, Yuan D. Chikusetsusaponin V inhibits inflammatory responses via NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2014; 36:404-11. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2014.960088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Hou L, Block KE, Huang H. Artesunate abolishes germinal center B cells and inhibits autoimmune arthritis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104762. [PMID: 25116436 PMCID: PMC4130578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimalarial drug artemisinin and its derivatives exhibit potent immunosuppressive activity in several autoimmune disease models, however the mechanisms are not well-understood. This study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effects and the underlying mechanisms of the artemisinin analog artesunate using the K/BxN mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. The well-studied disease mechanisms of K/BxN model allowed us to pinpoint the effect of artesunate on disease. Artesunate treatment prevented arthritis development in young K/BxN mice by inhibiting germinal center (GC) formation and production of autoantibodies. In adult K/BxN mice with established arthritis, artesunate diminished GC B cells in a few days. However, artesunate did not affect the follicular helper T cells (Tfh). In contrast to the spontaneous K/BxN model, artesunate treatment exerted minor influence on K/BxN serum transfer induced arthritis suggesting that artesunate has minimal effect on inflammatory responses downstream of antibody production. Finally, we showed that artesunate preferentially inhibits proliferating GC B cells. These results identify GC B cells as a target of artesunate and provide a new rationale for using artemisinin analogues to treat autoimmune diseases mediated by autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Hou
- Department of Medicine and Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Katharine E. Block
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Haochu Huang
- Department of Medicine and Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Diminazene aceturate (Berenil), a new use for an old compound? Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 21:342-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pinocembrin protects human brain microvascular endothelial cells against fibrillar amyloid-β(1-40) injury by suppressing the MAPK/NF-κB inflammatory pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:470393. [PMID: 25157358 PMCID: PMC4135138 DOI: 10.1155/2014/470393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in Alzheimer's disease (AD) may contribute to disease progression through Aβ-induced microvascular endothelial pathogenesis. Pinocembrin has been shown to have therapeutic effects in AD models. These effects correlate with preservation of microvascular function, but the effect on endothelial cells under Aβ-damaged conditions is unclear. The present study focuses on the in vitro protective effect of pinocembrin on fibrillar Aβ1−40 (fAβ1−40) injured human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) and explores potential mechanisms. The results demonstrate that fAβ1−40-induced cytotoxicity in hBMECs can be rescued by pinocembrin treatment. Pinocembrin increases cell viability, reduces the release of LDH, and relieves nuclear condensation. The mechanisms of this reversal from Aβ may be associated with the inhibition of inflammatory response, involving inhibition of MAPK activation, downregulation of phosphor-IKK level, relief of IκBα degradation, blockage of NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, and reduction of the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Pinocembrin does not show obvious effects on regulating the redox imbalance after exposure to fAβ1−40. Together, the suppression of MAPK and the NF-κB signaling pathways play a significant role in the anti-inflammation of pinocembrin in hBMECs subjected to fAβ1−40. This may serve as a therapeutic agent for BMEC protection in Alzheimer's-related deficits.
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Chen G, Pan SQ, Shen C, Pan SF, Zhang XM, He QY. Puerarin inhibits angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy via the redox-sensitive ERK1/2, p38 and NF-κB pathways. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:463-75. [PMID: 24608673 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of puerarin (Pue), an isoflavone derived from Kudzu roots, on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes in vivo and in vitro. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were infused with Ang II and treated with Pue (100 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), po) for 15 d. After the treatment, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and left ventricular wall thickness were assessed. The ratios of heart weight to body weight (HW/BW) and left ventricular weight to body weight (LVW/BW) were determined, and heart morphometry was assessed. Expression of fetal-type genes (ANP, BNP and β-MHC) in left ventricles was measured using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Mouse primary cardiomyocytes were treated with Pue (50, 100, 200 μmol/L), then exposed to Ang II (1 μmol/L). ROS level was examined with flow cytometry, the binding activity of NF-κB was determined using EMSA. Western blot was used to measure the levels of ERK1/2, p38 and NF-κB pathway proteins. [(3)H]leucine incorporation was used to measure the rate of protein synthesis. RESULTS Oral administration of Pue significantly suppressed Ang II-induced increases in the myocyte surface area, HW/BW, LVW/BW, SBP and left ventricular wall thickness. Furthermore, Pue significantly suppressed Ang II-induced increases in ANP, BNP and β-MHC expression in the left ventricles in vivo. Treatment of cardiomyocytes with Pue (50-500 μmol/L) did not affect the viability of cardiomyocytes in vitro. Pretreatment of cardiomyocytes with Pue dose-dependently inhibited Ang II-induced increases in ROS production, NF-κB binding activity, protein synthesis and cell breadth. Furthermore, pretreatment with Pue significantly suppressed Ang II-induced activation of ERK1/2, p38 and the NF-κB pathway proteins and the expression of ANP and β-MHC in cardiomyocytes. The positive drug valsartan exerted similar effects on Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION Pue attenuates Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting activation of the redox-sensitive ERK1/2, p38 and the NF-κB pathways.
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Abarikwu SO. Kolaviron, a natural flavonoid from the seeds of Garcinia kola, reduces LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages by combined inhibition of IL-6 secretion, and inflammatory transcription factors, ERK1/2, NF-κB, p38, Akt, p-c-JUN and JNK. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2373-81. [PMID: 24650887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kolaviron (Kol-v), an important component of Garcinia kola seed has a variety of biologic activities, including anti-inflammatory properties. METHODS We tested the ability of Kol-v to block signalling pathways implicated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory gene expression in RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. RESULTS When macrophages pre-treated with Kol-v (15 and 25μM) were activated with LPS, phosphorylation of p38 and p-c-JUN but not IκBα degradation and phosphorylation of NF-κB (p65), ERK1/2, and IκBα were blocked. Furthermore, Kol-v suppressed LPS-induced increase in the expression of IL-18 gene and LPS-induced decrease in the mRNA expression of IP-10 but it had no effect on the LPS-induced decrease in the gene expression levels of IL-1α, IL-33, IL-1β, and IFNβ1-1. When macrophages pre-treated with Kol-v (50 and 100μM) were activated with LPS, phosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2, IκBα, and NFκB (p65) but not that of CREB was blocked by Kol-v. The protective effect of Kol-v on the LPS-induced phosphorylation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) family member JNK was only observed at 100μM. At all concentrations of Kol-v (0-100μM) tested in this study, there was no effect of Kol-v on LPS-induced secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α but a concentration dependent inhibition of Kol-v on IL-6 secretion was observed. CONCLUSION Kol-v interferes with LPS signalling by reducing the activation of several inflammatory transcription factors and that its inhibitory action on IL-6 secretion correlates with inhibition of ERK1/2, p38, Akt, p-c-JUN and JNK signalling pathways. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The anti-inflammatory potential of Kol-v via inhibition of IL-6 secretion in RAW macrophage was established in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny O Abarikwu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Redemption City, Ogun State, Nigeria.
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Zhu XX, Yang L, Li YJ, Zhang D, Chen Y, Kostecká P, Kmoníčková E, Zídek Z. Effects of sesquiterpene, flavonoid and coumarin types of compounds from Artemisia annua L. on production of mediators of angiogenesis. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 65:410-20. [PMID: 23744425 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to recognized antimalarial effects, Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) possesses anticancer properties. The underlying mechanisms of this activity are unknown. The aim of our experiments was to investigate the effects of distinct types of compounds isolated from A. annua on the immune-activated production of major mediators of angiogenesis playing a crucial role in growth of tumors and formation of metastasis. METHODS Included in the study were the sesquiterpene lactones artemisinin and its biogenetic precursors arteannuin B and artemisinic acid. The semi-synthetic analogue dihydroartemisinin was used for comparative purposes. The flavonoids were represented by casticin and chrysosplenol D, the coumarin type of compounds by 4-methylesculetin. Their effects on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced in vitro production of nitric oxide (NO) were analyzed in rat peritoneal cells using Griess reagent. The LPS-activated production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cytokines (VEGF, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) was determined in both rat peritoneal cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells using ELISA. RESULTS All sesquiterpenes (artemisinin, dihydroartemisinin, artemisinic acid, arteannuin B) significantly reduced production of PGE2. Arteannuin B also inhibited production of NO and secretion of cytokines. All NO, PGE2 and cytokines were suppressed by flavonoids casticin and chrysosplenol D. The coumarin derivative, 4-methylesculetin, was ineffective to change the production of any of these factors. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of immune mediators of angiogenesis by sesquiterpene lactones and flavonoids may be one of the mechanisms of anticancer activity of Artemisia annua L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin X Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanxiaojie 16, Dongzhimen Nei Avenue, Beijing 100700, China
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Shim DW, Han JW, Sun X, Jang CH, Koppula S, Kim TJ, Kang TB, Lee KH. Lysimachia clethroides Duby extract attenuates inflammatory response in Raw 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and in acute lung injury mouse model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:1007-1015. [PMID: 24145006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lysimachia clethroides Duby (LC) is a traditional medicinal herb used to treat edema, hepatitis and inflammatory diseases in China and other Asian countries. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of LC extract and the mechanisms underlying were explored in both in vitro cell lines and acute lung injury (ALI) animal model of inflammation in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 murine macrophages were used to study the regulatory effects of LC extract on inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Western blotting or ELISA techniques were employed to estimate protein levels. RT-PCR was used for analyzing the interferon (IFN)-β production. LPS-induced ALI mouse model in vivo was employed to study the effect of LC extract. Further high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting technique was used to evaluate the active constituents present in LC extract, compared with reference standards. RESULTS Pre-treatment with LC extract inhibited the LPS-stimulated NO release, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 production in Raw 264.7 cells dose dependently. LC extract inhibited the LPS-stimulated IRF3 and STAT1 phosphorylation. Further, in vivo experiments revealed that LC extract suppressed the infiltration of immune cells into the lung and proinflammatory cytokine production in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in the LPS-induced ALI mouse model. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that LC extract attenuates LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses in macrophages via regulating the key inflammatory mechanisms, providing a scientific support for its traditional use in treating various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Wan Shim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
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Chen HG, Xie KL, Han HZ, Wang WN, Liu DQ, Wang GL, Yu YH. Heme oxygenase-1 mediates the anti-inflammatory effect of molecular hydrogen in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Int J Surg 2013; 11:1060-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kuriakose S, Muleme H, Onyilagha C, Okeke E, Uzonna JE. Diminazene aceturate (Berenil) modulates LPS induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production by inhibiting phosphorylation of MAPKs and STAT proteins. Innate Immun 2013; 20:760-73. [PMID: 24179040 DOI: 10.1177/1753425913507488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although diminazene aceturate (Berenil) is widely used as a trypanolytic agent in livestock, its mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. We previously showed that Berenil treatment suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine production by splenic and liver macrophages leading to a concomitant reduction in serum cytokine levels in mice infected with Trypanosoma congolense or challenged with LPS. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms through which Berenil alters pro-inflammatory cytokine production by macrophages. We show that pre-treatment of macrophages with Berenil dramatically suppressed IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α production following LPS, CpG and Poly I:C stimulation without altering the expression of TLRs. Instead, it significantly down-regulated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinases), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins (STAT1 and STAT3) and NF-кB p65 activity both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, Berenil treatment up-regulated the phosphorylation of STAT5 and the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and SOCS3, which are negative regulators of innate immune responses, including MAPKs and STATs. Collectively, these results show that Berenil down-regulates macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokine production by inhibiting key signaling pathways associated with cytokine production and suggest that this drug may be used to treat conditions caused by excessive production of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiby Kuriakose
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Helen Muleme
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Chukwunonso Onyilagha
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Emeka Okeke
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Hu G, Liu J, Zhen YZ, Wei J, Qiao Y, Lin YJ, Tu P. Rhein inhibits the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells with or without lipopolysaccharide stimulation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2013; 41:473-85. [PMID: 23711136 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x13500341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Reducing the expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules (ECAMs) is known to decrease inflammation-induced vascular complications. In this study, we explored whether rhein can reduce the inflammation-induced expression of ECAMs in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. HUVECs were treated with different concentrations of rhein with or without 2.5 μg/ml LPS stimulation. Cell viability was assayed using the MTT method. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were used to measure the transcription and expression levels of ECAMs, including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-SELECTIN and related signaling proteins. The results indicated that rhein (0-20 μmol/L) and LPS (0-10 μg/ml) had no effect on the viability of HUVECs. LPS could promote the expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-SELECTIN. Rhein appeared to target VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-SELECTIN, with the transcription and expression of all three factors being reduced by the rhein treatment (10 and 20 μmol/L). The transcription and expression of VCAM-1 were also reduced by treatment with rhein (10 and 20 μmol/L) in the presence of LPS stimulation. In conclusion, rhein treatment reduced the expression of VCAM-1 in HUVECs via a p38-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, China
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Wang TY, Li J, Jin Z, Wu F, Zhou Q. Inhibitory effect of TGF-β1 on NO production in peritoneal macrophages from collagen-induced arthritis rats involving the LPS-TLR4 pathway. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1143-8. [PMID: 23970162 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is critical in controlling inflammatory responses and the prevention of autoimmune diseases. Although the effect of TGF-β1 on macrophages from normal mice or rats has been established, little attention has been paid to its effect on disease conditions. In the present study, we investigated the regulatory effect, and possible mechanism, of TGF-β1 exposure on the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) in peritoneal macrophages (PMΦ) obtained from collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. The CIA model was established by immunizing the emulsion of collagen type II and incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) in Wistar rats. PMΦ were incubated with TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml) for 36 h and the supernatant, and cell mRNA and protein were collected. NO concentration was determined using an NO assay kit. The mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The protein expression of iNOS was tested with western blot analysis. The expression of membrane TLR4 was determined by flow cytometry. We discovered that the secretion of NO from the PMΦ of CIA rats increased compared with normal rats. TGF-β1 significantly inhibited the production of NO in the PMΦ from CIA rats. iNOS mRNA and protein expression in the PMΦ from CIA rats may be suppressed by TGF-β1. TLR4 mRNA and protein expression in PMΦ from CIA rats were upregulated with LPS stimulation and treatment with TGF-β1 inhibited their expression. These results demonstrated that TGF-β1 inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in the PMΦ from CIA rats, which may be due to the inhibition of the LPS-TLR4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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Jiang J, Kang TB, Shim DW, Oh NH, Kim TJ, Lee KH. Indole-3-carbinol inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory response by blocking TRIF-dependent signaling pathway in macrophages. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 57:256-61. [PMID: 23597448 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a natural hydrolysis product of glucobrassicin, is a member of the Brassica family of vegetables and is known to have various anti-cancer activities. In the present study, we assessed in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of I3C and its molecular mechanisms. I3C attenuated the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, IL-6, and IL-1β in LPS-induced Raw264.7 cells and THP-1 cells through attenuation of the TRIF-dependent signaling pathway. Furthermore, I3C suppressed the infiltration of immune cells into the lung and pro-inflammatory cytokine production such as IL-6, TNF-α in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in the LPS-induced acute lung injury mouse model. I3C also suppressed IL-1β secretion in nigericin treated in vivo model. I3C has potent anti-inflammatory effects through regulating TRIF-dependent signaling pathways, suggesting that I3C may provide a valuable therapeutic strategy in treating various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
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Kim HG, Yang JH, Han EH, Choi JH, Khanal T, Jeong MH, Jeong TC, Jeong HG. Inhibitory effect of dihydroartemisinin against phorbol ester-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in macrophages. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 56:93-9. [PMID: 23429041 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Artemisia annua L., has recently been shown to possess antitumor activity in various cancer cells. However, the effect of anti-inflammatory potentials of DHA in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells has not been studied. The present study investigated the effect of COX-2 and molecular mechanisms by DHA in PMA stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. DHA dose-dependently decreased PMA-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 production, as well as COX-2 promoter-driven luciferase activity. Additionally, DHA decreased luciferase activity of COX-2 regulation-related transcription factors including NF-κB, AP-1, C/EBP and CREB. DHA also remarkably reduced PMA-induced p65, C/EBPβ, c-jun and CREB nuclear translocation. Furthermore, DHA evidently inhibited PMA-induced phosphorylation of AKT and the MAP Kinases, such as ERK, JNK and p38. Taken together, our data indicated that DHA effectively attenuates COX-2 production via down-regulation of AKT and MAPK pathway, revealing partial molecular basis for the anti-inflammatory properties of DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Gyun Kim
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
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Bølling AK, Samuelsen JT, Morisbak E, Ansteinsson V, Becher R, Dahl JE, Mathisen GH. Dental monomers inhibit LPS-induced cytokine release from the macrophage cell line RAW264.7. Toxicol Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Qinghaosu and its derivatives are widely used in the world as a new generation of antimalarial drug. Up to now, some important progresses of Qinghaosu research have been made, including synthesis of new qinghaosu derivatives and analogs, investigation on their bioactivities and mode of actions. The present review briefly describes these efforts made by researchers in China, particularly in this Institute.
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Development of artemisinin compounds for cancer treatment. Invest New Drugs 2012; 31:230-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-012-9873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zheng X, Zheng W, Liu S, Patel HM, Xia X, Ouyang H, Levitt RC, Candiotti KA, Hao S. Crosstalk Between JNK and NF-κB in the KDO2-Mediated Production of TNFα in HAPI Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2012; 32:1375-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-012-9864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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