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Kaewpiboon C, Boonnak N, Salae AW, Pakdeepromma S, Yawut N, Chung YH. Andrographolide targets EGFR to impede epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human breast cancer cells. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 248:116267. [PMID: 38889579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Despite the primary surgical treatment for breast cancer patients, malignant invasiveness and metastasis remain threatening factors for women with breast cancer. As chemotherapy yields unsatisfactory results, it prompted us to search for effective natural agents with few side-effects. Although andrographolide (ADGL), a natural diterpenoid lactone isolated from Andrographis paniculata, presents anticancer effects, the molecular mechanism remains unknown. Initially, on comparing the expression of proteins related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) between nonmetastatic cancer MCF7 cells and highly metastatic cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, we found that MDA-MB-231 cells exhibit higher protein levels of N-cadherin and vimentin and lower protein levels of E-cadherin when compared to MCF7 cells. Moreover, MDA-MB-231 cells also exhibited higher EGFR expression and activity, higher STAT1 activity and abundant HDAC4 expression. To elucidate whether these proteins are closely associated with EMT, EGFR, STAT1 or HDAC4, the proteins were silenced in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells by their specific siRNAs. We found that silencing these proteins reduced EMT, indicating an important role of EGFR, STAT1 and HDAC4 in EMT progression. When we treated MDA-MB-231 cells with ADGL as a potential therapeutic drug, we found that ADGL treatment inhibited cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, it also recovered E-cadherin expression and decreased N-cadherin and vimentin protein levels. ADGL treatment reduced EGFR expression at a lower concentration (1 μg/mL); however, STAT1 activity and HDAC4 expression was reduced by a higher concentration (5 μg/mL) of ADGL. Moreover, we observed that the combined treatment with ADGL and siRNAs against these proteins highly sensitized the MDA-MB-231 cells to apoptosis compared to that with ADGL and control siRNA. Collectively, our results suggest that ADGL targets EGFR, thereby inhibiting EMT in human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutima Kaewpiboon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Digital Innovation, Thaksin University, Phatthalung 93210, Thailand.
| | - Nawong Boonnak
- Department of Basic Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Digital Innovation, Thaksin University, Songkhla 90000, Thailand
| | - Abdul-Wahab Salae
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Phuket Rajabhat University, Phuket 83000, Thailand
| | - Sirichatnach Pakdeepromma
- Department of General Science and Liberal Arts, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Prince of Chumphon Campus, Pathiu, Chumphon 86160, Thailand
| | - Natpaphan Yawut
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, BK 21+, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Zhou X, Li J, Quan S, Zhang X, Gu L, Hu M, Huang W, Li Q. Andrographolide Improves ApoE4-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Injury by Alleviating Inflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04088-6. [PMID: 38448724 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The pathological and physiological studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been in-depth, and apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) has been proven to be highly correlated with AD, and clinical and experimental data show that ApoE4 can cause blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury, and the change of BBB permeability is an important factor affecting the development of AD. Andrographolide (Andro), as the active component of the natural plant Andrographis paniculata, has been proven to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which have potential neuroprotective effects. To verify the protective effect of Andro on BBB in a short term, our research group used atorvastatin (Atorva)-mediated zebrafish brain injury model and the ApoE4-mediated cell co-culture model of BBB injury to explore the protective effects and mechanisms of Andro on BBB injury. Studies have shown that Andro can inhibit the activation of CypA/NF-κB/MMP-9 signaling pathway and has achieved the effect of antagonizing the inhibition of ApoE4 on intercellular tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin-5, and ZO-1). At the same time, Andro can inhibit the secretion of cell adhesion molecules (VCAM-1 and ICAM-1) in cells, thereby delaying the occurrence and progression of neuroinflammation and playing a protective role in BBB. In conclusion, Andro is a potent natural product which can protect the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 182 of Tianmushan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310013, ZheJiang, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 182 of Tianmushan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310013, ZheJiang, China
| | - Shengli Quan
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 182 of Tianmushan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310013, ZheJiang, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 182 of Tianmushan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310013, ZheJiang, China
| | - Lili Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 182 of Tianmushan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310013, ZheJiang, China
| | - Min Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 182 of Tianmushan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310013, ZheJiang, China
| | - Wenhai Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 182 of Tianmushan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310013, ZheJiang, China
| | - Qin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 182 of Tianmushan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310013, ZheJiang, China.
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Veldman LBM, Belt-Van Zoen E, Baars EW. Mechanistic Evidence of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees, Pelargonium sidoides DC., Echinacea Species and a Combination of Hedera helix L., Primula veris L./ Primula elatior L. and Thymus vulgaris L./ Thymus zygis L. in the Treatment of Acute, Uncomplicated Respiratory Tract Infections: A Systematic Literature Review and Expert Interviews. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1206. [PMID: 37765014 PMCID: PMC10537612 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing inappropriate antibiotic (AB) use by using effective non-antibiotic treatments is one strategy to prevent and reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees, Pelargonium sidoides DC., Echinacea species and a combination of ivy (Hedera helix L.), primrose (Primula veris L./Primula elatior L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L./Thymus zygis L.) have promising clinical effects in uncomplicated, acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) treatment. However, mechanistic evidence of these herbal treatments is lacking. The objective of this Pstudy is to provide an overview of mechanistic evidence for these effects. Thirty-eight databases were searched. Included studies were mechanistic studies (in vitro, animal, and human studies and reviews) on these herbs; published before June 2021. Non-mechanistic studies or studies on combinations of herbs other than ivy/primrose/thyme were excluded. Furthermore, three experts in traditional, complementary and integrative healthcare (TCIH) research and pharmacognosy were interviewed to collect additional expert knowledge. The results show that A. paniculata acts through immunomodulation and antiviral activity, possibly supplemented by antibacterial and antipyretic effects. P. sidoides acts through antiviral, indirect antibacterial, immunomodulatory and expectorant effects. Echinacea species likely act through immunomodulation. The combination of ivy/primrose/thyme combines secretolytic and spasmolytic effects from ivy with antibacterial effects from thyme. Studies on primrose were lacking. This mechanistic evidence supports the difference-making evidence from clinical studies, contributes to evidence-based recommendations for their use in URTI treatment, and guides future mechanistic studies on URTI treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth B. M. Veldman
- Faculty of Healthcare, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eefje Belt-Van Zoen
- Faculty of Healthcare, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik W. Baars
- Faculty of Healthcare, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands
- Louis Bolk Institute, 3981 Bunnik, The Netherlands
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Wang L, Wei X, Wang Y. Promoting Angiogenesis Using Immune Cells for Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:660-678. [PMID: 36774426 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Implantable tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) usually trigger the host reaction which is inextricably linked with the immune system, including blood-material interaction, protein absorption, inflammation, foreign body reaction, and so on. With remarkable progress, the immune response is no longer considered to be entirely harmful to TEVGs, but its therapeutic and impaired effects on angiogenesis and tissue regeneration are parallel. Although the implicated immune mechanisms remain elusive, it is certainly worthwhile to gain detailed knowledge about the function of the individual immune components during angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. This review provides a general overview of immune cells with an emphasis on macrophages in light of the current literature. To the extent possible, we summarize state-of-the-art approaches to immune cell regulation of the vasculature and suggest that future studies are needed to better define the timing of the activity of each cell subpopulation and to further reveal key regulatory switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinbo Wei
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Raj JP, Maurya MR, Nair N, Marfatia H, Hadaye R, Gogtay NJ. Efficacy and safety of AP-Bio®(KalmCold®) in participants with uncomplicated upper respiratory tract viral infection (common cold) - A phase III, double-blind, parallel group, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2023; 73:102934. [PMID: 36842634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2023.102934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) is commonly used for treating uncomplicated Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) in complementary and alternative system of medicine. AP-Bio®(KalmCold®) is a standardized extract derived from the leaves of A. paniculata. This study was proposed to evaluate its efficacy using validated scales and objective measures. METHODS Participants were randomized in a ratio of 1:1:1 to receive either AP-Bio® 200 mg/day, AP-Bio® 400 mg/day or placebo for 7 days. The primary outcome measure was Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS-21) score. The secondary outcome measures were nasal mucous weight, nasal muco-ciliary clearance function and Interleukin-8 in nasal wash, as well as safety and tolerability. RESULTS A total of n = 331 participants were screened and N = 300 participants were enrolled. The absolute WURSS-21 global score [mean (Standard Deviation - SD)] in the AP-Bio® 400 mg group [5.70 (5.31)] was less than the AP-Bio® 200 mg group [5.81 (4.83)] on Day-3. However, it was much higher in the placebo group [9.55 (14.27)]. AP-Bio® 400 mg group (Mean Difference - MD [Standard Error - SE] = -3.85 [1.52]; 95% CI = -6.85, - 0.85; adjusted p = 0.034) and 200 mg group (MD [SE] = -3.74 [1.51]; 95% CI = -6.73, - 0.76; adjusted p = 0.038) had significantly lower score than placebo. Similarly, on Day-3, the change in global score from baseline was significantly better in the AP-Bio® 400 mg group (MD [SE] = -3.91; [1.82] 95% CI = -7.50, - 0.32; adjusted p = 0.038) and AP-Bio® 200 mg group (MD [SE] = -3.84 [1.97]; 95% CI = -7.72, - 0.04; adjusted p = 0.044) in comparison to the placebo group. Nasal mucous weight, tissue paper counts used, and interleukin-8 showed a trend towards AP-Bio® groups having a favourable outcome when compared with placebo but did not reach statistical significance due to a small sample size. None of the study participants complained of any adverse physical symptoms. However, incident eosinophilia was noted in n = 20 participants on day 3. (n = 6 in AP-Bio® 200 mg group, n = 7 in Ap-Bio® 400 mg group and n = 13 in placebo group; p = 0.181). CONCLUSIONS Participants in both the AP-Bio® dose groups showed positive tendency towards resolution of URTI symptoms when compared with placebo on Day-3 but not on Day-5 and Day-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Pradeep Raj
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth GS Medical College & King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Miteshkumar Rajaram Maurya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth GS Medical College & King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nayana Nair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth GS Medical College & King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hetal Marfatia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seth GS Medical College & King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rujuta Hadaye
- Department of Community Medicine, Seth GS Medical College & King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nithya Jaideep Gogtay
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth GS Medical College & King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
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Zhang Q, Cui Q. Target protein identification of andrographolide based on isomer approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 222:115111. [PMID: 36279844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The target identification of natural products is one of the most challenging issues in the standardized application of traditional Chinese medicine. It is widely recognized that magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) could function as a tool that capture the target proteins of active molecule. However, the false positives caused by non-specific adsorption should not be ignored. Here, we reported a functionalized MNPs technique that could enrich the target proteins of andrographolide (AG) based on isomers approach. We designed and characterized MNPs and isomers of AG. The combination of the two could be used as an ideal coupling, which provides a feasible method for the target proteins enrichment of AG. In addition, the target proteins were identified by HPLC-MS/MS. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis and systematic computational dockings were performed to search for the interactions between target proteins and AG. Six inflammation-related proteins, including CD4, IKBKB, PKN1, PKN2, YWHAB and YWHAH were proved to be the anti-inflammatory targets of AG. All of the results indicated this integrated system could benefit target identification of bioactive natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Qingxin Cui
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China.
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Mohammed MA. Fighting cytokine storm and immunomodulatory deficiency: By using natural products therapy up to now. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1111329. [PMID: 37124230 PMCID: PMC10134036 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1111329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel coronavirus strain (COVID-19) caused severe illness and mortality worldwide from 31 December 2019 to 21 March 2023. As of this writing, 761,071,826 million cases have been diagnosed worldwide, with 6,879,677 million deaths accorded by WHO organization and has spread to 228 countries. The number of deaths is closely connected to the growth of innate immune cells in the lungs, mainly macrophages, which generate inflammatory cytokines (especially IL-6 and IL-1β) that induce "cytokine storm syndrome" (CSS), multi-organ failure, and death. We focus on promising natural products and their biologically active chemical constituents as potential phytopharmaceuticals that target virus-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines. Successful therapy for this condition is currently rare, and the introduction of an effective vaccine might take months. Blocking viral entrance and replication and regulating humoral and cellular immunity in the uninfected population are the most often employed treatment approaches for viral infections. Unfortunately, no presently FDA-approved medicine can prevent or reduce SARS-CoV-2 access and reproduction. Until now, the most important element in disease severity has been the host's immune response activation or suppression. Several medicines have been adapted for COVID-19 patients, including arbidol, favipiravir, ribavirin, lopinavir, ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, dexamethasone, and anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical drugs, such as tocilizumab, glucocorticoids, anakinra (IL-1β cytokine inhibition), and siltuximab (IL-6 cytokine inhibition). However, these synthetic medications and therapies have several side effects, including heart failure, permanent retinal damage in the case of hydroxyl-chloroquine, and liver destruction in the case of remdesivir. This review summarizes four strategies for fighting cytokine storms and immunomodulatory deficiency induced by COVID-19 using natural product therapy as a potential therapeutic measure to control cytokine storms.
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Che C, Jiang D, Zhang J, Xing Q, Li T, Zhao Y, Guan L, Chen H, Xiang D, Di M, Zhu Z. Tricyclic Aza-Andrographolide Derivatives from Late-Stage Hydroamination and Their Anti-human Coronavirus (Anti-HCoV) Activity. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:24824-24837. [PMID: 35874238 PMCID: PMC9301648 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A late-stage functionalization (LSF) of the natural product andrographolide for the efficient assembly of a range of structurally interesting and diverse tricyclic-aza derivatives was developed. The key to the diversification is a photo-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination reaction, and acridinium derivatives were demonstrated to be the optimal catalysts. Additionally, the synthesized tricyclic aza-andrographolide derivatives were found to inhibit human coronavirus with high potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Che
- BayRay
Innovative Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518032, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key
Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking
University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ding Jiang
- BayRay
Innovative Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518032, China
| | - Jiayin Zhang
- BayRay
Innovative Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518032, China
| | - Qi Xing
- BayRay
Innovative Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518032, China
| | - Ting Li
- BayRay
Innovative Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518032, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- BayRay
Innovative Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518032, China
| | - Liangyu Guan
- BayRay
Innovative Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518032, China
| | - Huangcan Chen
- BayRay
Innovative Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518032, China
| | - Dehu Xiang
- BayRay
Innovative Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518032, China
| | - Man Di
- BayRay
Innovative Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518032, China
| | - Zhendong Zhu
- BayRay
Innovative Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518032, China
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Intharuksa A, Arunotayanun W, Yooin W, Sirisa-ard P. A Comprehensive Review of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees and Its Constituents as Potential Lead Compounds for COVID-19 Drug Discovery. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144479. [PMID: 35889352 PMCID: PMC9316804 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has intensively disrupted global health, economics, and well-being. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees has been used as a complementary treatment for COVID-19 in several Asian countries. This review aimed to summarize the information available regarding A. paniculata and its constituents, to provide critical points relating to its pharmacological properties, safety, and efficacy, revealing its potential to serve as a source of lead compounds for COVID-19 drug discovery. A. paniculata and its active compounds possess favorable antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antipyretic activities that could be beneficial for COVID-19 treatment. Interestingly, recent in silico and in vitro studies have revealed that the active ingredients in A. paniculata showed promising activities against 3CLpro and its virus-specific target protein, human hACE2 protein; they also inhibit infectious virion production. Moreover, existing publications regarding randomized controlled trials demonstrated that the use of A. paniculata alone or in combination was superior to the placebo in reducing the severity of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) manifestations, especially as part of early treatment, without serious side effects. Taken together, its chemical and biological properties, especially its antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2, clinical trials on URTI, and the safety of A. paniculata, as discussed in this review, support the argument that A. paniculata is a promising natural source for drug discovery regarding COVID-19 post-infectious treatment, rather than prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aekkhaluck Intharuksa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (A.I.); (W.Y.); (P.S.-a.)
| | - Warunya Arunotayanun
- Kanchanabhishek Institute of Medical and Public Health Technology, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Nonthaburi 11150, Thailand
- Correspondence:
| | - Wipawadee Yooin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (A.I.); (W.Y.); (P.S.-a.)
| | - Panee Sirisa-ard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (A.I.); (W.Y.); (P.S.-a.)
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Effect of Key Phytochemicals from Andrographis paniculata, Tinospora cordifolia, and Ocimum sanctum on PLpro-ISG15 De-Conjugation Machinery—A Computational Approach. COMPUTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/computation10070109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ISGylation is an important process through which interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) elicit an antiviral response in the host cells. Several viruses, including the SARS-CoV-2, suppress the host immune response by reversing the ISGylation through a process known as de-ISGylation. The PLpro of SARS-CoV-2 interacts with the host ISG15 and brings about de-ISGylation. Hence, inhibiting the de-ISGylation to restore the activity of ISGs can be an attractive strategy to augment the host immune response against SARS-CoV-2. In the present study, we evaluated several phytochemicals from well-known immunomodulatory herbs, viz. Andrographispaniculata (AG), Tinospora cordifolia (GU), and Ocimum sanctum (TU) for their effect on deISGylation that was mediated by the PLpro of SARS-CoV2. For this purpose, we considered the complex 6XA9, which represents the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 PLpro and ISG15 proteins. The phytochemicals from these herbs were first evaluated for their ability to bind to the interface region between PLpro and ISG15. Molecular docking studies indicated that 14-deoxy-15-isopropylidene-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (AG1), Isocolumbin (GU1), and Orientin (TU1) from AG, GU, and TU, respectively possess better binding energy. The molecular dynamic parameters and MMPBSA calculations indicated that AG1, GU1, and TU1 could favorably bind to the interface and engaged key residues between (PLpro-ISG15)-complex. Protein–protein MMPBSA calculations indicated that GU1 and TU1 could disrupt the interactions between ISG15 and PLpro. Our studies provide a novel molecular basis for the immunomodulatory action of these phytochemicals and open up new strategies to evaluate drug molecules for their effect on de-ISGylation to overcome the virus-mediated immune suppression.
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Veerasamy R, Karunakaran R. Molecular docking unveils the potential of andrographolide derivatives against COVID-19: an in silico approach. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:58. [PMID: 35420322 PMCID: PMC9008396 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection cause high mortality and there is an emergency need to develop a specific drug to treat the novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19. However, some natural and synthetic products with action against SARS-CoV-2 have been reported in recent research, there is no specific drug available for treating COVID-19. In the present study, molecular interaction analysis was performed for 16 semisynthetic andrographolides (AGP) against 5 SARS-CoV-2 enzymes main protease (Mpro, PDB: 6LU7), papain-like protease (PLpro, PDB: 6WUU), spike glycoprotein (S, PDB: 6VXX), NSP15 endoribonuclease (NSP15, PDB: 6VWW), and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, PDB: 6M71). Moreover, the compounds pharmacokinetic and toxic profiles were also analyzed using computational tools. RESULTS The protein-ligand docking score (kcal/mol) revealed that all the tested AGP derivatives showed a better binding affinity towards all the tested enzymes than hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Meanwhile, all the tested AGP derivatives showed a better binding score with RdRp and S than remdesivir (REM). Interestingly, compounds 12, 14, and 15 showed a better binding affinity towards the all the tested enzyme than AGP, REM, and HCQ. AGP-16 had shown - 8.7 kcal/mol binding/docking score for Mpro, AGP-15 showed - 8.6 kcal/mol for NSP15, and AGP-10, 13, and 15 exhibited - 8.7, - 8.9, and - 8.7 kcal/mol, respectively, for S. CONCLUSION Overall results of the present study concluded that AGP derivatives 14 and 15 could be the best 'lead' candidate for the treatment against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, molecular dynamic studies and pharmacological screenings are essential to developing AGP derivatives 14 and 15 as a drug against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran Veerasamy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, 08100, Semeling, Malaysia. .,Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. .,Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Science, AIMST University, 08100, Semeling, Bedong, Malaysia.
| | - Rohini Karunakaran
- Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Science, AIMST University, 08100, Semeling, Bedong, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, 08100, Semeling, Kedah, Malaysia
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12
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Acute and Subacute Toxicity Assessment of Andrographolide-2-hydroxypropyl- β-cyclodextrin Complex via Oral and Inhalation Route of Administration in Sprague-Dawley Rats. ScientificWorldJournal 2022; 2022:6224107. [PMID: 35386290 PMCID: PMC8979680 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6224107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Acute and subacute toxicity analysis of AND-2-HyP-β-CYD complex was conducted in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats following oral and inhalation routes of administration. Methods and Results Single dose acute toxicity was carried out at 2000 mg/kg of AND-2-HyP-β-CYD complex, while the doses of 200, 400, and 666 mg/kg were administered, over a period of 28 days under repeated dose oral toxicity study. Hence, LD50 (lethal dose) was found to be >2000 mg/kg in addition to NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) of 666 mg/kg. Correspondingly, single dose acute inhalation toxicity of AND-2-HyP-β-CYD complex was carried out at 5 mg/L/4 h/day and subacute inhalation toxicity at 0.5, 1, and 1.66 mg/L/4 h/day over a period of 28 days. The NOAEL and LOAEL (lowest observed adverse effect level) were estimated to be 0.5 mg/L/4 h/day and 1 mg/L/4 h/day, respectively. Conclusion The findings of the present study would further be useful in assessing and utilizing the medicinal and therapeutic benefits of AND-2-HyP-β-CYD complex.
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Mukherjee PK, Efferth T, Das B, Kar A, Ghosh S, Singha S, Debnath P, Sharma N, Bhardwaj PK, Haldar PK. Role of medicinal plants in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 and in the management of post-COVID-19 complications. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153930. [PMID: 35114450 PMCID: PMC8730822 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide corona virus disease outbreak, generally known as COVID-19 pandemic outbreak resulted in a major health crisis globally. The morbidity and transmission modality of COVID-19 appear more severe and uncontrollable. The respiratory failure and following cardiovascular complications are the main pathophysiology of this deadly disease. Several therapeutic strategies are put forward for the development of safe and effective treatment against SARS-CoV-2 virus from the pharmacological view point but till date there are no specific treatment regimen developed for this viral infection. PURPOSE The present review emphasizes the role of herbs and herbs-derived secondary metabolites in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 virus and also for the management of post-COVID-19 related complications. This approach will foster and ensure the safeguards of using medicinal plant resources to support the healthcare system. Plant-derived phytochemicals have already been reported to prevent the viral infection and to overcome the post-COVID complications like parkinsonism, kidney and heart failure, liver and lungs injury and mental problems. In this review, we explored mechanistic approaches of herbal medicines and their phytocomponenets as antiviral and post-COVID complications by modulating the immunological and inflammatory states. STUDY DESIGN Studies related to diagnosis and treatment guidelines issued for COVID-19 by different traditional system of medicine were included. The information was gathered from pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions approaches. The gathered information sorted based on therapeutic application of herbs and their components against SARSCoV-2 and COVID-19 related complications. METHODS A systemic search of published literature was conducted from 2003 to 2021 using different literature database like Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science to emphasize relevant articles on medicinal plants against SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and Post-COVID related complications. RESULTS Collected published literature from 2003 onwards yielded with total 625 articles, from more than 18 countries. Among these 625 articles, more than 95 medicinal plants and 25 active phytomolecules belong to 48 plant families. Reports on the therapeutic activity of the medicinal plants belong to the Lamiaceae family (11 reports), which was found to be maximum reported from 4 different countries including India, China, Australia, and Morocco. Other reports on the medicinal plant of Asteraceae (7 reports), Fabaceae (8 reports), Piperaceae (3 reports), Zingiberaceae (3 reports), Ranunculaceae (3 reports), Meliaceae (4 reports) were found, which can be explored for the development of safe and efficacious products targeting COVID-19. CONCLUSION Keeping in mind that the natural alternatives are in the priority for the management and prevention of the COVID-19, the present review may help to develop an alternative approach for the management of COVID-19 viral infection and post-COVID complications from a mechanistic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulok K Mukherjee
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal-795001, India; School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bhaskar Das
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Amit Kar
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal-795001, India
| | - Suparna Ghosh
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Seha Singha
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Pradip Debnath
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal-795001, India
| | | | - Pallab Kanti Haldar
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
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Wang J, Bai J, Wang Y, Zhang K, Li Y, Qian H, Zhang H, Wang L. Feruloylated arabinoxylan from wheat bran inhibited M1-macrophage activation and enhanced M2-macrophage polarization. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:993-1001. [PMID: 34848238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The effects of feruloylated arabinoxylan (AX) on typically activated inflammatory macrophages (M1) and alternatively anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2) and its possible mechanisms were investigated. The results revealed that feruloylated AX was composed of 37.63% arabinose and 52.23% xylose, with a weight-average molecular weight of 1.1374 × 104 Da, and bound ferulic acid content of 10.84 mg/g. Besides, feruloylated AX (50-1000 μg/mL) markedly downregulated the mRNA expressions of NO, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-23a, and reduced the phosphorylation levels of p38, ERK, and JNK in M1. In contrast, the mRNA expressions of Arg-1, Mrc-1, and CCL22 were significantly upregulated by feruloylated AX (50-1000 μg/mL), and the phosphorylation level of AKT was significantly increased in M2. Overall, our results indicated that feruloylated AX could have an inhibitory or a promoting effect on already activated macrophages, and MAPK or PI3K signaling pathways might be involved in this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Junying Bai
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Kuiliang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China.
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15
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Nasim I, Jabin Z, Kumar SR, Vishnupriya V. Green synthesis of calcium hydroxide-coated silver nanoparticles using Andrographis paniculata and Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaf extracts: An antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. J Conserv Dent 2022; 25:369-374. [PMID: 36187870 PMCID: PMC9520649 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_411_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Aim: Materials and Methods: Results: Conclusions:
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16
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Paul S, Roy D, Pati S, Sa G. The Adroitness of Andrographolide as a Natural Weapon Against Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:731492. [PMID: 34795581 PMCID: PMC8592893 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.731492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The conventional carcinoma treatment generally encompasses the employment of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery or use of cytotoxic drugs. However, recent advances in pharmacological research have divulged the importance of traditional treatments in cancer. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the importance of one such medicinal herb of Chinese and Indian origin: Andrographis paniculate on colorectal cancer with special emphasis on its principal bioactive component andrographolide (AGP) and its underlying mechanisms of action. AGP has long been known to possess medicinal properties. Studies led by numerous groups of researchers shed light on its molecular mechanism of action. AGP has been shown to act in a multi-faceted manner in context of colorectal cancer by targeting matrix metalloproteinase-9, Toll-like receptor or NFκB signaling pathways. In this review, we highlighted the recent studies that show that AGP can act as an effective immunomodulator by harnessing effective anti-tumor immune response. Recent studies strongly recommend further research on this compound and its analogues, especially under in-vivo condition to assess its actual potential as a prospective and efficient candidate against colorectal cancer. The current review deals with the roles of this phytomedicine in context of colorectal cancer and briefly describes its perspectives to emerge as an essential anti-cancer drug candidate. Finally, we also point out the drawbacks and difficulties in administration of AGP and indicate the use of nano-formulations of this phytomedicine for better therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silpita Paul
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Dia Roy
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhadip Pati
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Gaurisankar Sa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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17
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Rehman MSU, Rehman SU, Yousaf W, Hassan FU, Ahmad W, Liu Q, Pan H. The Potential of Toll-Like Receptors to Modulate Avian Immune System: Exploring the Effects of Genetic Variants and Phytonutrients. Front Genet 2021; 12:671235. [PMID: 34512716 PMCID: PMC8427530 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.671235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pathogen recognition receptors, and primitive sources of innate immune response that also play key roles in the defense mechanism against infectious diseases. About 10 different TLRs have been discovered in chicken that recognize ligands and participate in TLR signaling pathways. Research findings related to TLRs revealed new approaches to understand the fundamental mechanisms of the immune system, patterns of resistance against diseases, and the role of TLR-specific pathways in nutrient metabolism in chicken. In particular, the uses of specific feed ingredients encourage molecular biologists to exploit the relationship between nutrients (including different phytochemicals) and TLRs to modulate immunity in chicken. Phytonutrients and prebiotics are noteworthy dietary components to promote immunity and the production of disease-resistant chicken. Supplementations of yeast-derived products have also been extensively studied to enhance innate immunity during the last decade. Such interventions pave the way to explore nutrigenomic approaches for healthy and profitable chicken production. Additionally, single-nucleotide polymorphisms in TLRs have shown potential association with few disease outbreaks in chickens. This review aimed to provide insights into the key roles of TLRs in the immune response and discuss the potential applications of these TLRs for genomic and nutritional interventions to improve health, and resistance against different fatal diseases in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saif-Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saif Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wasim Yousaf
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faiz-Ul Hassan
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Qingyou Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongping Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Vetvicka V, Vannucci L. Biological properties of andrographolide, an active ingredient of Andrographis Paniculata: a narrative review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1186. [PMID: 34430627 PMCID: PMC8350652 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid isolated from Andrographis paniculata and traditionally used in Chinese and Indian medicine. Reported effects include anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer functions. Most of the studies support the hypothesis that andrographolide supplementation stimulates immune system, so the observed effects migh in fact be secondary to the stimulation of defense reactions. As andrographolide is involved in regulation of inflammation, it is not surprising that it is also evaluated in inflammation-mediated diseases such as ulcerative colitis. Anticancer effects of the andrographolide have been tested on various cancer panels. Colon cancer, breast cancer, and head and neck carcinomas were the most investigated, followed by prostate cancer and glioblastoma. The results looked promising. However, problems with solubility and low level of active substance in natural extract leads to preparation of chemical analogs. Objective of this short review is to summarize current knowledge of the biological effects of andragrapholide. We conclude that despite documented effects and some partly characterized mechanisms of action, more research is clearly needed. At present, the doses, types of treatment and possible negative side effects are not yet established. In addition, various isolations and compound formulas have been used for treatment of various diseases, making final conclusions problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Luca Vannucci
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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Ramadani AP, Syukri Y, Hasanah E, Syahyeri AW. Acute Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Andrographolide Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Formulation. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:199-204. [PMID: 34349480 PMCID: PMC8291106 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_267_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Andrographolide (AND) is an active compound of well-known medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata. It has been widely published for various activities. AND is difficult to develop into dosage form due to its poor solubility and bioavailability. This problem could be solved by using self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for its formulation. However, the increase of bioavailability might result in potential toxicity as a large amount of drug is absorbed. Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the acute potential toxicity using Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test: 401 methods. Subjects and Methods: The OECD 401 method employs groups of animals treated by a single dose or repeated dose (<24 h) of the drug with three variances of doses. In this study, thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups which consisted two groups of control and three groups of AND SNEDDS formulation (500, 700, and 900 mg/kg body weight [BW], respectively). Intensive observation of toxicity symptom was performed during the first 30 minutes followed by periodic observation for 14 days. Posttermination, histopathological examination of the liver and kidney was conducted to confirm the toxicity symptoms. To determine the level of toxicity, the lethal dose 50 (LD50) value was calculated at the end of the study. Results: The result showed that all groups presented similar toxicological symptoms such as salivation, lethargy, and cornea reflex. However, based on histopathological examination, there were abnormalities, but still in an early stage. The toxicological symptom that emerged seems related to the SNEDDS formulation with lipophilic properties. Furthermore, the value of LD50 was 832.6 mg/kg BW (po). Conclusions: The AND SNEDDS formulation was slightly toxic in male Wistar rats po.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yandi Syukri
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Elma Hasanah
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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20
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Wang Y, Fan Y, Liu H. Macrophage Polarization in Response to Biomaterials for Vascularization. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:1992-2005. [PMID: 34282494 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-021-02832-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization of tissue engineering constructs is an urgent need for delivering oxygen and nutrients and promoting tissue remodeling. As we all know, almost all implanted biomaterials elicit immune responses. Interestingly, the immunomodulatory biomaterials can utilize the inherent regenerative capability of endogenous cells and stem cells recruited by the activated immune cells to facilitate anagenesis and tissue remodeling. Macrophages, as almost ones of the first responses upon the implantation of biomaterials, play a vital role in guiding vascular formation and tissue remodeling. The polarization of macrophages can be influenced by the physical and chemical properties of biomaterials and thus they display diverse function states. Here, this review focus on the macrophage polarization in response to biomaterials and the interactions between them. It also summarizes the current strategies to promote vascularization of tissue engineering constructs through macrophage responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Kumar S, Singh B, Bajpai V. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties and quality control/quality assurance. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114054. [PMID: 33831465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees is a medicinal herb of the Asian countries used in many traditional medicinal systems for the treatment of diarrhea, flu, leprosy, leptospirosis, malaria, rabies, upper respiratory infections, sinusitis, syphilis, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS etc. AIM OF THE STUDY: This review aims to provide the comprehensive, accurate and authentic information on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of various extracts/fractions as well as phytocostituents of A. paniculata. In addition, this review also aims to provide advance and sensitive analytical methods along with chemical markers used in the standardization of herbal products for quality control (QC)/quality assurance (QA). MATERIALS AND METHODS All relevant publications were considered within the years 1983-2020. The publications were searched from Google Scholar, PubChem, Chemspider, PubMed, Elsevier, Wiley, Web of Science, China Knowledge Resource Integrated databases and ResearchGate using a combination of various relevant keywords. Besides, relevant published books and chapters were also considered those providing an overview of extant secondary literature related to traditional knowledge, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of the plant. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In this review, 344 compounds, including, terpenoid lactones, flavonoids, phenolic acids, triterpenes and volatile compounds were summarized out of which more than half of the compounds have no reported pharmacological activities yet. Terpenoid lactones and flavonoids are the major bioactive classes of compounds of A. paniculata which are responsible for pharmacological activities such as anticancer and antioxidant activities, respectively. Biosynthetic pathways and active sites for target proteins of both terpenoid lactones and flavonoids were considered. Analgesic, anticancer, antidiabetic, antifertility, antiinflammatory, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antipyretic, antiviral, antiretroviral, antivenom, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective activities have been also reported. Andrographolide is a major characteristic active principle and responsible for most of the pharmacological activities. Therefore, andrographolide has been selected as a marker for the standardization of raw and marketed herbal products by TLC, HPTLC, HPLC, GC-MS, HPLC-MS and HPLC-MS/MS methods for QC/QA. CONCLUSIONS Conclusive evidence showed that the pharmacological activities reported in crude extracts and chemical markers are supporting and provides confidence in the traditional use of A. paniculata as a herbal medicine. The andrographolide could be used as a chemical marker for the QC/QA of raw and A. paniculata derived herbal products. Lactone ring in terpenoid lactone is an active site for targeted proteins. More efforts should be focused on the identification of the chemical markers from A. paniculata to provide a practical basis for QC/QA. Several aspects such as the mechanism of therapeutic potential, molecular docking technology and multi-target network pharmacology are very important for drug discovery and needed more investigation and should be considered. This compilation may be helpful in further study and QC/QA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Ma. Kanshiram Government Degree College, Ninowa, Farrukhabad, 209602, India(1).
| | - Bikarma Singh
- Botanic Garden Division, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Vikas Bajpai
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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22
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Singh RS, Singh A, Kaur H, Batra G, Sarma P, Kaur H, Bhattacharyya A, Sharma AR, Kumar S, Upadhyay S, Tiwari V, Avti P, Prakash A, Medhi B. Promising traditional Indian medicinal plants for the management of novel Coronavirus disease: A systematic review. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4456-4484. [PMID: 34132429 PMCID: PMC8441711 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Indian medical practices (Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, and homeopathy) are a vast reservoir of knowledge about medicinal plants. The promising pharmacological properties of these plants have paved the way for developing therapy against novel Coronavirus (CoV) infection. The current review will summarize published works of literature on the effects of traditional Indian medicinal plants against acute respiratory infection (COVID‐19, SARS, Influenza, and Respiratory syncytial virus infection) and registered clinical trials of traditional Indian herbal medicines in COVID‐19. The current study aims to comprehensively evaluate the data of traditional Indian medicinal plants to warrant their use in COVID‐19 management. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched along with different clinical trial databases. A total of 22 relevant traditional Indian medicinal plants (35 relevant studies) were included in the current study having potential antiviral properties against virus‐induced respiratory illness along with promising immunomodulatory and thrombolytic properties. Further, 36 randomized and nonrandomized registered clinical trials were also included that were aimed at evaluating the efficacy of herbal plants or their formulations in COVID‐19 management. The antiviral, immunomodulatory, and thrombolytic activities of the traditional Indian medicinal plants laid down a strong rationale for their use in developing therapies against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The study identified some important potential traditional Indian medicinal herbs such as Ocimum tenuiflorum, Tinospora cordifolia, Achyranthes bidentata, Cinnamomum cassia, Cydonia oblonga, Embelin ribes, Justicia adhatoda, Momordica charantia, Withania somnifera, Zingiber officinale, Camphor, and Kabusura kudineer, which could be used in therapeutic strategies against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Soloman Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harpinder Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gitika Batra
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Phulen Sarma
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Hardeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anusuya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College & Hospital, Sector-32, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amit Raj Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sujata Upadhyay
- Department of Physilogy, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University Campus, Varanasi, India
| | - Pramod Avti
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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23
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Gupta A, Vedula S, Srivastava R, Tamoli S, Mundhe N, Wagh DN, Batra S, Patil M, Pawar HB, Rai RK. Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label, Blinded End Point, Two-Arm, Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of a Fixed Ayurvedic Regimen (FAR) as Add-on to Conventional Treatment in the Management of Mild and Moderate COVID-19 Patients. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:256-267. [PMID: 34349488 PMCID: PMC8291116 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_242_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The traditional healthcare systems are being avidly looked into in the quest for effective remedies to tackle the menace of COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: This was a prospective randomized, controlled open-label, blinded end point (PROBE) study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fixed ayurvedic regimen (FAR) as an add-on to conventional treatment/standard of care (SOC) in the management of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 infection. Methodology: A total of 68 patients were recruited who consumed either FAR + SOC (n = 35) or SOC only (n = 33) for 28 days. Primary outcomes assessed were mean time required for clinical recovery and proportion of patients showing clinical recovery between the groups. Secondary outcomes assessed included mean time required for testing SARS-CoV-2 negative, change in clinical status on World Health Organization (WHO) ordinal scale, number of days of hospitalization, change in disease progression and requirement of oxygen/intensive care unit admission/ventilator support/rescue medication, health status on WHO quality of life (QOL) BREF and safety on the basis of occurrence of adverse event/serious adverse event (AE/SAE) and changes in laboratory parameters. Results: Patients consuming FAR as an add-on SOC showed faster clinical recovery from the day of onset of symptoms by 51.34% (P < 0.05) as compared to SOC group. A higher proportion of patients taking FAR recovered within the first 2 weeks compared to those taking only SOC. It was observed that 5 times more patients recovered within 7 days in FAR group when compared to SOC (P < 0.05) group. An earlier clinical recovery was observed in clinical symptoms such as sore throat, cough, loss of taste and myalgia (P < 0.05). Improvement in postclinical symptoms such as appetite, digestion, stress and anxiety was also obs served to be better with the use of FAR. Requirement of rescue medications such as antipyretics, analgesics and antibiotics was also found to be reduced in the FAR group (P < 0.05). FAR showed a significant improvement in all the assessed domains of QOL. None of the AEs/SAE reported in the study were assessed to be related to the study drugs. Further, FAR did not produce any significant change in the laboratory safety parameters and was assessed to be safe. Conclusion: FAR could be an effective and safe add-on ayurvedic regimen to standard of care in the management of mild and moderate COVID-19 patients. CTRI number: CTRI/2020/09/027914.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Gupta
- Healthcare Research, Dabur Research and Development Centre, Dabur India Limited, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sasibhushan Vedula
- Healthcare Research, Dabur Research and Development Centre, Dabur India Limited, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ruchi Srivastava
- Healthcare Research, Dabur Research and Development Centre, Dabur India Limited, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Narendra Mundhe
- Department of Kayachikitsa, KVTR Ayurveda College and Hospital, Boradi, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - D N Wagh
- Cottage Hospital, Shripur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Batra
- Department of Kayachikitsa, KVTR Ayurveda College and Hospital, Boradi, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manoj Patil
- Covid Care Center, Shingave, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Rajiva K Rai
- Healthcare Research, Dabur Research and Development Centre, Dabur India Limited, Uttar Pradesh, India
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24
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Lim XY, Chan JSW, Tan TYC, Teh BP, Mohd Abd Razak MR, Mohamad S, Syed Mohamed AF. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Wall. Ex Nees, Andrographolide, and Andrographolide Analogues as SARS-CoV-2 Antivirals? A Rapid Review. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211016610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing is commonly employed in the search for potential therapeutic agents. Andrographis paniculata, a medicinal plant commonly used for symptomatic relief of the common cold, and its phytoconstituent andrographolide, have been repeatedly identified as potential antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. In light of new evidence emerging since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, this rapid review was conducted to identify and evaluate the current SARS-CoV-2 antiviral evidence for A. paniculata, andrographolide, and andrographolide analogs. A systematic search and screen strategy of electronic databases and gray literature was undertaken to identify relevant primary articles. One target-based in vitro study reported the 3CLpro inhibitory activity of andrographolide as being no better than disulfiram. Another Vero cell-based study reported potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory activity for both andrographolide and A. paniculata extract. Eleven in silico studies predicted the binding of andrographolide and its analogs to several key antiviral targets of SARS-CoV-2 including the spike protein-ACE-2 receptor complex, spike protein, ACE-2 receptor, RdRp, 3CLpro, PLpro, and N-protein RNA-binding domain. In conclusion, in silico and in vitro studies collectively suggest multi-pathway targeting SARS-CoV-2 antiviral properties of andrographolide and its analogs, but in vivo data are needed to support these predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi Lim
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Janice Sue Wen Chan
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Terence Yew Chin Tan
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Bee Ping Teh
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Abd Razak
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Saharuddin Mohamad
- Bioinformatics Programme, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre of Research for Computational Sciences and Informatics for Biology, Bioindustry, Environment, Agriculture and Healthcare, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ami Fazlin Syed Mohamed
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
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25
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Nayak T, De D, Dhal PK. The differences in SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 specific co-expression network mediated biological process in human gut enterocytes. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 92:104892. [PMID: 33957338 PMCID: PMC8091811 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was recently outbreak worldwide causes severe acute respiratory syndrome along with gastrointestinal symptoms for some infected patients. Information on detail pathogenesis, host immune responses and responsible biological pathways are limited. Therefore, infection specific host gut responses and dietary supplements to neutralize immune inflammation demand extensive research. This study aimed to find differences in global co-expression protein-protein interaction sub-network and enriched biological processes in SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infected gut enterocytes cell line. Attempts have also been made to predict some dietary supplements to boost human health. The SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infected differential express proteins were integrated with the human protein interaction network and co-expression subnetworks were constructed. Common hubs of these sub-networks reshape central cellular pathways of metabolic processes, lipid localization, hypoxia response to decrease oxygen level and transport of bio-molecules. The major biological process enriched in the unique hub of SARS-CoV-2 significantly differ from SARS-CoV, related to interferon signaling, regulation of viral process and influenza-A enzymatic pathway. Predicted dietary supplements can improve SARS-CoV-2 infected person’'s health by boosting the host immunity/reducing inflammation. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on co-expression network mediated biological process in human gut enterocytes to predict dietary supplements/compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilak Nayak
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Debjit De
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Paltu Kumar Dhal
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
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26
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Hossain S, Urbi Z, Karuniawati H, Mohiuddin RB, Moh Qrimida A, Allzrag AMM, Ming LC, Pagano E, Capasso R. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees: An Updated Review of Phytochemistry, Antimicrobial Pharmacology, and Clinical Safety and Efficacy. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:348. [PMID: 33923529 PMCID: PMC8072717 DOI: 10.3390/life11040348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious disease (ID) is one of the top-most serious threats to human health globally, further aggravated by antimicrobial resistance and lack of novel immunization options. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees and its metabolites have been long used to treat IDs. Andrographolide, derived from A. paniculata, can inhibit invasive microbes virulence factors and regulate the host immunity. Controlled clinical trials revealed that A. paniculata treatment is safe and efficacious for acute respiratory tract infections like common cold and sinusitis. Hence, A. paniculata, mainly andrographolide, could be considered as an excellent candidate for antimicrobial drug development. Considering the importance, medicinal values, and significant role as antimicrobial agents, this study critically evaluated the antimicrobial therapeutic potency of A. paniculata and its metabolites, focusing on the mechanism of action in inhibiting invasive microbes and biofilm formation. A critical evaluation of the secondary metabolites with the aim of identifying pure compounds that possess antimicrobial functions has further added significant values to this study. Notwithstanding that A. paniculata is a promising source of antimicrobial agents and safe treatment for IDs, further empirical research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanower Hossain
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Zannat Urbi
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan 26300, Pahang, Malaysia;
| | - Hidayah Karuniawati
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta 57102, Indonesia;
| | - Ramisa Binti Mohiuddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh 1902, Tangail, Bangladesh;
| | - Ahmed Moh Qrimida
- Department of Agriculture, Higher Institute of Overall Occupations-Sooq Al Khamees Imsahil, Tripoli 1300, Libya; (A.M.Q.); (A.M.M.A.)
| | - Akrm Mohamed Masaud Allzrag
- Department of Agriculture, Higher Institute of Overall Occupations-Sooq Al Khamees Imsahil, Tripoli 1300, Libya; (A.M.Q.); (A.M.M.A.)
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei;
| | - Ester Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
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Pasha A, Kumbhakar DV, Doneti R, Kumar K, Dharmapuri G, Poleboyina PK, S. K. H, Basavaraju P, Pasumarthi D, S. D. A, Soujanya P, Arnold Emeson I, Bodiga V, Pawar SC. Inhibition of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) by Andrographolide and In Vitro Evaluation of Its Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Effects on Cervical Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6692628. [PMID: 33815659 PMCID: PMC8010528 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6692628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This work is aimed at investigating the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cervical cancer and identifying a potential iNOS inhibitor. The data mining studies performed advocated iNOS to be a promising biomarker for cancer prognosis, as it is highly overexpressed in several malignant cancers. The elevated iNOS was found to be associated with poor survival and increased tumor aggressiveness in cervical cancer. Immunohistochemical and RT-PCR investigations of iNOS showed significant upregulation of endogenous iNOS expression in the cervical tumor samples, thus making iNOS a potent target for decreasing tumor inflammation and aggressiveness. Andrographolide, a plant-derived diterpenoid lactone, is widely reported to be effective against infections and inflammation, causing no adverse side effects on humans. In the current study, we investigated the effect of andrographolide on the prognostic value of iNOS expression in cervical cancer, which has not been reported previously. The binding efficacy of andrographolide was analyzed by performing molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations. Multiple parameters were used to analyze the simulation trajectory, like root mean square deviation (RMSD), torsional degree of freedom, protein-root mean square fluctuations (P-RMSF), ligand RMSF, total number of intramolecular hydrogen bonds, secondary structure elements (SSE) of the protein, and protein complex with the time-dependent functions of MDS. Ligand-protein interactions revealed binding efficacy of andrographolide with tryptophan amino acid of iNOS protein. Cancer cell proliferation, cell migration, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis-mediated cell death were assessed in vitro, post iNOS inhibition induced by andrographolide treatment (demonstrated by Western blot). Results. Andrographolide exhibited cytotoxicity by inhibiting the in vitro proliferation of cervical cancer cells and also abrogated the cancer cell migration. A significant increase in apoptosis was observed with increasing andrographolide concentration, and it also induced cell cycle arrest at G1-S phase transition. Our results substantiate that andrographolide significantly inhibits iNOS expression and exhibits antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Pasha
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007 Telangana, India
| | - Divya Vishambhar Kumbhakar
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007 Telangana, India
| | - Ravinder Doneti
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007 Telangana, India
| | - Kiran Kumar
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Gangappa Dharmapuri
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046 Telangana, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Poleboyina
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007 Telangana, India
| | - Heena S. K.
- Department of Pathology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, 500095 Telangana, India
| | - Preethi Basavaraju
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepthi Pasumarthi
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007 Telangana, India
| | - Annapurna S. D.
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007 Telangana, India
| | - Pavani Soujanya
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad, 500007 Telangana, India
| | - I. Arnold Emeson
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Vijayalaxmi Bodiga
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad, 500007 Telangana, India
| | - Smita C. Pawar
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007 Telangana, India
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28
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Ahmad S, Zahiruddin S, Parveen B, Basist P, Parveen A, Gaurav, Parveen R, Ahmad M. Indian Medicinal Plants and Formulations and Their Potential Against COVID-19-Preclinical and Clinical Research. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:578970. [PMID: 33737875 PMCID: PMC7962606 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.578970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cases of COVID-19 are still increasing day-by-day worldwide, even after a year of its first occurrence in Wuhan city of China. The spreading of SARS-CoV-2 infection is very fast and different from other SARS-CoV infections possibly due to structural differences in S proteins. The patients with severe diseases may die due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by systemic inflammatory reactions due to the excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by the immune effector cells. In India too, it is spreading very rapidly, although the case fatality rate is below 1.50% (https://www.statista.com), which is markedly less than in other countries, despite the dense population and minimal health infrastructure in rural areas. This may be due to the routine use of many immunomodulator medicinal plants and traditional AYUSH formulations by the Indian people. This communication reviews the AYUSH recommended formulations and their ingredients, routinely used medicinal plants and formulations by Indian population as well as other promising Indian medicinal plants, which can be tested against COVID-19. Special emphasis is placed on Indian medicinal plants reported for antiviral, immunomodulatory and anti-allergic/anti-inflammatory activities and they are categorized for prioritization in research on the basis of earlier reports. The traditional AYUSH medicines currently under clinical trials against COVID-19 are also discussed as well as furtherance of pre-clinical and clinical testing of the potential traditional medicines against COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2. The results of the clinical studies on AYUSH drugs will guide the policymakers from the AYUSH systems of medicines to maneuver their policies for public health, provide information to the global scientific community and could form a platform for collaborative studies at national and global levels. It is thereby suggested that promising AYUSH formulations and Indian medicinal plants must be investigated on a priority basis to solve the current crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Sultan Zahiruddin
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Bushra Parveen
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Parakh Basist
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Abida Parveen
- Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Rabea Parveen
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Minhaj Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
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29
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A data-driven computational model enables integrative and mechanistic characterization of dynamic macrophage polarization. iScience 2021; 24:102112. [PMID: 33659877 PMCID: PMC7895754 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are highly plastic immune cells that dynamically integrate microenvironmental signals to shape their own functional phenotypes, a process known as polarization. Here we develop a large-scale mechanistic computational model that for the first time enables a systems-level characterization, from quantitative, temporal, dose-dependent, and single-cell perspectives, of macrophage polarization driven by a complex multi-pathway signaling network. The model was extensively calibrated and validated against literature and focused on in-house experimental data. Using the model, we generated dynamic phenotype maps in response to numerous combinations of polarizing signals; we also probed into an in silico population of model-based macrophages to examine the impact of polarization continuum at the single-cell level. Additionally, we analyzed the model under an in vitro condition of peripheral arterial disease to evaluate strategies that can potentially induce therapeutic macrophage repolarization. Our model is a key step toward the future development of a network-centric, comprehensive "virtual macrophage" simulation platform.
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30
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Peter AE, Sandeep BV, Rao BG, Kalpana VL. Calming the Storm: Natural Immunosuppressants as Adjuvants to Target the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:583777. [PMID: 33708109 PMCID: PMC7941276 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.583777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global health crisis, with no specific antiviral to treat the infection and the absence of a suitable vaccine to prevent it. While some individuals contracting the SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit a well coordinated immune response and recover, others display a dysfunctional immune response leading to serious complications including ARDS, sepsis, MOF; associated with morbidity and mortality. Studies revealed that in patients with a dysfunctional immune response, there is a massive cytokine and chemokine release, referred to as the ‘cytokine storm’. As a result, such patients exhibit higher levels of pro-inflammatory/modulatory cytokines and chemokines like TNFα, INFγ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, G-CSF, GM-CSF, MCSF, HGF and chemokines CXCL8, MCP1, IP10, MIP1α and MIP1β. Targeting this cytokine storm is a novel, promising treatment strategy to alleviate this excess influx of cytokines observed at the site of infection and their subsequent disastrous consequences. Natural immunosuppressant compounds, derived from plant sources like curcumin, luteolin, piperine, resveratrol are known to inhibit the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This inhibitory effect is mediated by altering signal pathways like NF-κB, JAK/STAT, MAPK/ERK that are involved in the production and release of cytokines and chemokines. The use of these natural immunosuppressants as adjuvants to ameliorate the cytokine storm; in combination with antiviral agents and other treatment drugs currently in use presents a novel, synergistic approach for the treatment and effective cure of COVID-19. This review briefly describes the immunopathogenesis of the cytokine storm observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection and details some natural immunosuppressants that can be used as adjuvants in treating COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela E Peter
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - B V Sandeep
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - B Ganga Rao
- Andhra University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - V Lakshmi Kalpana
- Department of Human Genetics, College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
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31
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Khanal P, Dey YN, Patil R, Chikhale R, Wanjari MM, Gurav SS, Patil BM, Srivastava B, Gaidhani SN. Combination of system biology to probe the anti-viral activity of andrographolide and its derivative against COVID-19. RSC Adv 2021; 11:5065-5079. [PMID: 35424441 PMCID: PMC8694486 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10529e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the binding affinity of andrographolide and its derivative i.e., 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide with targets related to COVID-19 and their probable role in regulating multiple pathways in COVID-19 infection. SMILES of both compounds were retrieved from the PubChem database and predicted for probably regulated proteins. The predicted proteins were queried in STRING to evaluate the protein-protein interaction, and modulated pathways were identified concerning the KEGG database. Drug-likeness and ADMET profile of each compound was evaluated using MolSoft and admetSAR 2.0, respectively. Molecular docking was carried using Autodock 4.0. Andrographolide and its derivative were predicted to have a high binding affinity with papain-like protease, coronavirus main proteinase, and spike protein. Molecular dynamics simulation studies were performed for each complex which suggested the strong binding affinities of both compounds with targets. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that both compounds modulated the immune system by regulating chemokine signaling, Rap1 signaling, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, MAPK signaling, NF-kappa B signaling, RAS signaling, p53 signaling, HIF-1 signaling, and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The study suggests strong interaction of andrographolide and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide against COVID-19 associated target proteins and exhibited different immunoregulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pukar Khanal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER) Belagavi-590010 India
| | - Yadu Nandan Dey
- School of Pharmaceutical Technology, Adamas University Kolkata-700126 West Bengal India
| | - Rajesh Patil
- Sinhgad Technical Education Society's, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy Pune Maharashtra India
| | - Rupesh Chikhale
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich UK
| | - Manish M Wanjari
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development Gwalior-474009 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Shailendra S Gurav
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Goa University Panjim Goa-403001 India
| | - B M Patil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER) Belagavi-590010 India
| | - Bhavana Srivastava
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development Gwalior-474009 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Sudesh N Gaidhani
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences New Delhi-110058 India
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32
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Gupta S, Mishra KP, Kumar B, Singh SB, Ganju L. Andrographolide attenuates complete freund's adjuvant induced arthritis via suppression of inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113022. [PMID: 32569719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional plant-derived medicines have enabled the mankind in curing the wide spectrum of diseases throughout the ages. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees, is one of the traditional plant used as a folk medicine for the management of inflammation, arthritis, viral-bacterial infections and other ailments in India, China, Malaysia and other South-East Asian countries. Its major bioactive compound; andrographolide, a diterpenoid, also exerts cytoprotective properties and is reported to be effective in neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, etc. AIM: The study is aimed to explore the role of andrographolide in treatment of complete freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The influx of immune cells, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and subsequent accumulation of synovial fluid (swelling) and pain manifest into the disease. The present study used CFA induced Balb/c mice model and treated them intraperitoneally with andrographolide and dexamethasone (used as a positive control) on alternate days for six days. After 6 days, blood and peritoneal macrophages were collected to evaluate the expression of various arthritic markers and paw edema was measured on all days. RESULTS The in vitro and ex vivo experiments showed that andrographolide treated animal group had reduced paw edema, cell cytotoxicity and nitric oxide production than dexamethasone treated animal group. Further, the study revealed the mechanistic role of andrographolide in treatment of arthritis by suppressing battery of molecules like COX-2, NF-κB, p-p38, CD40, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 involved in arthritis. CONCLUSION The study showed the potent anti-arthritic effects of andrographolide and warrants further investigations on andrographolide for the development of safe and effective anti-arthritic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Gupta
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - K P Mishra
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Bhuvnesh Kumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - S B Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Lilly Ganju
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
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Di Sotto A, Vitalone A, Di Giacomo S. Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals and Immune System Modulation: An Evidence-Based Overview. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E468. [PMID: 32842641 PMCID: PMC7563161 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulators are agents able to affect the immune system, by boosting the immune defences to improve the body reaction against infectious or exogenous injuries, or suppressing the abnormal immune response occurring in immune disorders. Moreover, immunoadjuvants can support immune system acting on nonimmune targets, thus improving the immune response. The modulation of inflammatory pathways and microbiome can also contribute to control the immune function. Some plant-based nutraceuticals have been studied as possible immunomodulating agents due to their multiple and pleiotropic effects. Being usually more tolerable than pharmacological treatments, their adjuvant contribution is approached as a desirable nutraceutical strategy. In the present review, the up to date knowledge about the immunomodulating properties of polysaccharides, fatty acids and labdane diterpenes have been analyzed, in order to give scientific basic and clinical evidence to support their practical use. Since promising evidence in preclinical studies, limited and sometimes confusing results have been highlighted in clinical trials, likely due to low methodological quality and lacking standardization. More investigations of high quality and specificity are required to describe in depth the usefulness of these plant-derived nutraceuticals in the immune system modulation, for health promoting and disease preventing purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Annabella Vitalone
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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Palanikani R, Chanthini KMP, Soranam R, Thanigaivel A, Karthi S, Senthil-Nathan S, Murugesan AG. Efficacy of Andrographis paniculata supplements induce a non-specific immune system against the pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Indian major carp (Labeo rohita). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:23420-23436. [PMID: 31363972 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila, an opportunistic fish pathogen, which causes several major diseases including skin ulcer and haemorrhagic septicemia, contributes considerably to the lethality in aquaculture. Chemical and antibiotic treatment employed against A. hydrophila for disease management are expensive and consequently prompted the advent of drug resistance among the pathogens. To overcome these draw backs, alternative aquatic disease control methods using conventional plant-based medicines are focussed. Our present study aimed to augment the fish non-specific immune system with the implementation of methanolic crude extracts of Andrographis paniculata to Labeo rohita, for evaluating their efficacy against A. hydrophila. Histology of major organs of A. hydrophila-infected fish such as the gills and liver displayed severe tissue damage. A. paniculata extracts exhibited the strong antibacterial activity against A. hydrophila even at lower concentrations (50 μl). The extracts also altered the haematological profile of treated infected fishes by increasing the levels of haemoglobin and total erythrocyte-leucocyte counts, along with the phagocytic index. The extracts also had a significant impact on modifying the anatomy and swimming pattern of infected fish, post treatment with the extracts. Also, A. paniculata treated infected fishes in all the plant extract administration methods, viz. injection, oral feeding and diffusion, and reduced the cumulative mortality rate to less than 30%. Even lower concentrations of A. paniculata extracts (50 μl) resulted in maximum relative percentage survival of treated fishes. Therefore, our findings suggest that A. paniculata was effective against A. hydrophila infection in aquaculture, thereby maintaining a healthy status of these fishes in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Palanikani
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
| | - Kanagaraj Muthu-Pandian Chanthini
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
| | - Ramaiah Soranam
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
| | - Annamalai Thanigaivel
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
| | - Sengodan Karthi
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
| | - Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India.
| | - Arunachalam Ganesan Murugesan
- Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
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In Silico computational screening of Kabasura Kudineer - Official Siddha Formulation and JACOM against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2020; 13:100324. [PMID: 32527713 PMCID: PMC7247487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Siddha Medicine is a valuable therapeutic choice which is classically used for treating viral respiratory infections, this principle of medicine is proven to contain antiviral compounds. Objective The study is aimed to execute the In Silico computational studies of phytoconstituents of Siddha official formulation Kabasura Kudineer and novel herbal preparation - JACOM which are commonly used in treating viral fever and respiratory infectious diseases and could be affective against the ongoing pandemic novel corona virus disease SARS-CoV-2. Method Cresset Flare software was used for molecular docking studies against the spike protein SARS-CoV-2 (PDB ID: 6VSB). Further, we also conducted insilico prediction studies on the pharmacokinetics (ADME) properties and the safety profile in order to identify the best drug candidates by using online pkCSM and SwissADME web servers. Results Totally 37 compounds were screened, of these 9 compounds showed high binding affinity against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. All the phytoconstituents were free from carcinogenic and tumorigenic properties. Based on these, we proposed the new formulation called as “SNACK–V” Conclusion Based on further experiments and clinical trials, these formulations could be used for effective treatment of COVID-19.
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Hancke JL, Srivastav S, Cáceres DD, Burgos RA. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy of Andrographis paniculata standardized extract (ParActin®) on pain reduction in subjects with knee osteoarthritis. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1469-1479. [PMID: 30968986 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata Wall (Acanthaceae) is becoming more recognized for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the efficacy of an andrographolide-containing supplement, ParActin® (300 and 600 mg daily), on Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain reduction in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Joint stiffness, physical function, changes in the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire, a fatigue scale, and safety were also evaluated. A total of 103 male and female patients with I-II osteoarthritis of the knee joint were assessed. Patients treated with 300 or 600 mg/day of ParActin® showed a significant reduction in pain at days 28, 56, and 84 compared with a placebo group. WOMAC stiffness scores, physical function score, and the fatigue score showed a significant improvement in both ParActin®-treated groups compared with the placebo group. At the end of the study, the quality of life (SF-36 questionnaire) and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) scores showed significant improvements in both ParActin®-treated groups compared with the placebo group. Overall, it can be concluded that ParActin® in 300 and 600 mg/day dosages were found to be effective and safe in reducing pain in individuals suffering from mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shalini Srivastav
- Clinical Development, Vedic Lifesciences Pvt Ltd, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dante D Cáceres
- Environmental Health Programme, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Rafael A Burgos
- Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Huang Z, Pan X, Zhou J, Leung WT, Li C, Wang L. Chinese herbal medicine for acute upper respiratory tract infections and reproductive safety: A systematic review. Biosci Trends 2019; 13:117-129. [PMID: 30930358 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2018.01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Acute upper respiratory tract infections (AURTIs) are common and self-limited in people with normal immunity but sometimes lead to poor clinical outcomes under specific conditions such as pregnancy if not treated appropriately. Chinese herbal medicines (CHM), which are widely used to treat AURTIs, have proven to be effective in preclinical and clinical studies. This review focuses on the bioactivities of typical CHM and the adverse reactions they cause, and especially issues with reproductive safety when treating AURTIs. The main mechanisms for clinical efficacy may include anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and immunomodulatory action as indicated by preclinical evidence. Most clinical trials indicate that CHM shortens the natural course of AURTIs and that it relieves related symptoms such as a fever, headaches, coughing, myalgia, a cold, sore throat, and a nasal obstruction. However, some CHM have a range of adverse effects and potentially affect reproduction from endocrinal secretion to embryo development while others do not. Therefore, clinical adverse reactions and preclinical studies on the toxicity of CHM are discussed. More reliable evidence is required to conclude that CHM are efficacious and safe for pregnant women with AURTIs. This review should help to promote advances in the research on and development of CHM as alternative treatments for AURTIs and offer insight into strategies to manage the safety of CHM during clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengshu Huang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Xinyao Pan
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Jing Zhou
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Wing Ting Leung
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Chuyu Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
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Zhang Q, Hu LQ, Li HQ, Wu J, Bian NN, Yan G. Beneficial effects of andrographolide in a rat model of autoimmune myocarditis and its effects on PI3K/Akt pathway. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 23:103-111. [PMID: 30820154 PMCID: PMC6384199 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2019.23.2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The study is to investigate effects of andrographolide on experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). Lewis rats were immunized on day 0 with porcine cardiac myosin to establish EAM. The EAM rats were treated with either andrographolide (25, 50, 100 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 21 days. An antigen-specific splenocytes proliferation assay was performed by using the cells from control rats immunized with cardiac myosin. Survival rates, myocardial pathology and myocardial functional parameters (left ventricle end-diastolic pressure, ± dP/dt and left ventricular internal dimension) of EAM rats received andrographolide were significantly improved. Andrographolide treatment caused an decrease in the infiltration of CD3+ and CD14+ positive cells in myocardial tissue. Moreover, andrographolide treatment caused a reduction in the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-17 (IL-17) and myosin-antibody, and an increase in the level of IL-10 in EAM rats. Oral administration of andrographolide resulted in the decreased expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt without any change of PI3K and Akt. Further results indicate andrographolide significantly inhibited myosin-induced proliferation in splenocytes, and this effect was inhibited by co-treatment of SC79 (Akt activator). Our data indicate andrographolide inhibits development of EAM, and this beneficial effect may be due to powerful anti-inflammatory activity and inhibitory effect on PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Li-Qun Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Hong-Qi Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Na-Na Bian
- Department of Geriatrics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Guang Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hefei 230001, China
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Gu L, Yu Q, Li Q, Zhang L, Lu H, Zhang X. Andrographolide Protects PC12 Cells Against β-Amyloid-Induced Autophagy-Associated Cell Death Through Activation of the Nrf2-Mediated p62 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092844. [PMID: 30235892 PMCID: PMC6165383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies mentioned that Andrographolide (Andro), the main bioactive component of traditional Chinese medicine Andrographis paniculata, may be a potential natural product for treating Alzheimer's disease, but the underlining mechanism remains to be discovered. In this study, we investigated whether Andro regulates the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Sequestosome 1 (p62) signaling pathway and activates autophagy to protect neuronal PC12 cells from the toxicity of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide. Our results revealed that Andro protected and rescued PC12 cells from Aβ1–42-induced cell death and restored abnormal changes in nuclear morphology, lactate dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde, intracellular reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial membrane potential. RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis demonstrated that Andro activated autophagy-related genes and proteins (Beclin-1 and LC3); meanwhile, it also augmented the Nrf2 and p62 expression in mRNA and protein levels, and reduced p-tau and p21 protein expression in Aβ1–42-stimulated cells. Then, further study showed that the pre-transfection of cells with Nrf2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in the downregulation of p62, Beclin-1, and LC3 proteins expression, as well as the upregulation of p21. Furthermore, the pre-transfection of cells with p62 siRNA didn’t block the Nrf2 protein expression, accompanying with an elevated p21. Taken together, these results showed that Andro significantly ameliorated cell death due to Aβ1–42 insult through the activation of autophagy and the Nrf2-mediated p62 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China.
| | - Qingqing Yu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, College of Pharmaceutical science, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Qin Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China.
| | - Lingxi Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China.
| | - Hong Lu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, College of Pharmaceutical science, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China.
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Jiménez-García L, Higueras MÁ, Herranz S, Hernández-López M, Luque A, de Las Heras B, Hortelano S. A hispanolone-derived diterpenoid inhibits M2-Macrophage polarization in vitro via JAK/STAT and attenuates chitin induced inflammation in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 154:373-383. [PMID: 29870712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are highly plastic cells that adopt different functional phenotypes in response to environmental signals. Classically activated macrophages (M1) exhibit a pro-inflammatory role, mediating host defense against microorganisms or tumor cells; whereas alternatively activated macrophages (M2) perform a range of physiological processes, including inflammation, wound repair and tissue remodeling. Interestingly, M2 macrophages have been involved in pathological settings such as tumor progression, parasitic infection and respiratory disorders. Consequently, the search of new agents able to control macrophage polarization is on the basis of new therapeutic strategies. In the present study, we have evaluated the effect of the hispanolone derivative 8,9-dehydrohispanolone-15,16-lactol (DHHL) on M2 macrophage polarization. Our results reveal that DHHL significantly inhibited IL-4- or IL-13-stimulated M2 macrophage activation, as showed by reduced expression of M2 markers. In addition, DHHL suppressed IL-4-induced STAT-6 and JAK-1 tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting that this compound inhibited M2 polarization by suppressing the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Finally, DHHL prevented eosinophil recruitment and the presence of F4/80+-CD206+ M2-like macrophages in an in vivo model of M2 polarization via administration of chitin. Collectively, these results confirm DHHL as a novel regulator of macrophage polarization suitable to design future therapies towards M2-macrophages mediated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Jiménez-García
- Unidad de Terapias Farmacológicas, Área de Genética Humana, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Ángeles Higueras
- Unidad de Terapias Farmacológicas, Área de Genética Humana, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sandra Herranz
- Unidad de Terapias Farmacológicas, Área de Genética Humana, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Hernández-López
- Unidad de Terapias Farmacológicas, Área de Genética Humana, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Luque
- Unidad de Terapias Farmacológicas, Área de Genética Humana, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz de Las Heras
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sonsoles Hortelano
- Unidad de Terapias Farmacológicas, Área de Genética Humana, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Das S, Mishra K, Ganju L, Singh S. Andrographolide - A promising therapeutic agent, negatively regulates glial cell derived neurodegeneration of prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and working memory impairment. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 313:161-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tariq M, Zhang JQ, Liang GK, He QJ, Ding L, Yang B. Gefitinib inhibits M2-like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages in Lewis lung cancer by targeting the STAT6 signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:1501-1511. [PMID: 29022575 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
M2-like polarized tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a pivotal role in promoting cancer cell growth, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. The identification of M2-like TAMs during tumor progression is an attractive approach for cancer therapy. In this study, we investigated the relevance of macrophage polarization and the antitumor effect of gefitinib in Lewis Lung cancer (LLC) in vitro and in vivo. Gefitinib at a concentration below 2.5 μmol/L did not cause significant growth inhibition on LLC and RAW 264.7 cell lines and bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDMs). However, a small concentration of gefitinib (0.62 μmol/L) significantly inhibited IL-13-induced M2-like polarization of macrophages, evidenced by the decreased expression of the M2 surface markers CD206 and CD163, down-regulation of specific M2-marker genes (Mrc1, Ym1, Fizz1, Arg1, IL-10 and CCL2) as well as inhibition of M2-like macrophage-mediated invasion and migration of LLC cells. In RAW 264.7 cells, gefitinib inhibits IL-13-induced phosphorylation of STAT6, which was a crucial signaling pathway in macrophage M2-like polarization. In LLC mice metastasis model, oral administration of gefitinib (75 mg·kg-1·d-1, for 21 d) significantly reduced the number of lung metastasis nodules, down-regulated the expression of M2 marker genes and the percentages CD206+ and CD68+ macrophages in tumor tissues. These results demonstrated that gefitinib effectively inhibits M2-like polarization both in vitro and in vivo, revealing a novel potential mechanism for the chemopreventative effect of gefitinib.
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Liu S, Chen H, Wu T, Pan G, Fan C, Xu Y, Cui W. Macrophage infiltration of electrospun polyester fibers. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:1579-1587. [DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00958a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ibuprofen (IBU)-loaded fibrous PLA membranes can prevent peritendinous adhesion/granuloma formation and inflammation by reducing macrophage infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopedics
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Orthopedic Institute
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Orthopedics
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Orthopedic Institute
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Tianyi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital
- Shanghai 200233
- P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- Department of Orthopedics
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Orthopedic Institute
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital
- Shanghai 200233
- P.R. China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Orthopedic Institute
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopedics
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Orthopedic Institute
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
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45
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Khan A, Sharma P, Khan F, Ajayakumar PV, Shanker K, Samad A. In silico and in vitro Studies on Begomovirus Induced Andrographolide Biosynthesis Pathway in Andrographis Paniculata for Combating Inflammation and Cancer. Mol Inform 2016; 35:253-61. [PMID: 27492239 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201501010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Andrographolide and neoandrographolide are major bioactive molecules of Andrographis paniculata, a well-known medicinal plant. These molecules exhibited varying degrees of anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities in-vitro and in-vivo. Role of begomovirus protein C2/TrAP in biosynthesis of andrographolide was identified through molecular modeling, docking and predicted results were substantiated by in vitro studies. Homology molecular modeling and molecular docking were performed to study the binding conformations and different bonding behaviors, in order to reveal the possible mechanism of action behind higher accumulation of andrographolide. It was concluded that C2/TrAP inhibit the activation of SNF1-Related Protein Kinase-1 (SnRK1) in terpenoid pathway and removes the negative regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) by SnRK1, leading to higher accumulation of andrographolide and neoandrographolide in begomovirus infected plants. The binding site residues of SnRK1 docked with C2/TrAP were found to be associated with ATP binding site, substrate binding site and activation loop. Predicted results were also validated by HPTLC. This study provides important insights into understanding the role of viral protein in altering the regulation of biosynthesis of andrographolide and could be used in future research to develop biomimetic methods for increasing the production of such phytometabolites having anti-cancerous and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asifa Khan
- Plant Pathology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, U.P. - 226015, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Metabolic & Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, U.P. - 226015, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- Metabolic & Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, U.P. - 226015, India
| | - P V Ajayakumar
- Analytical Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, U.P. - 226015, India
| | - Karuna Shanker
- Analytical Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, U.P. - 226015, India
| | - Abdul Samad
- Plant Pathology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, U.P. - 226015, India.
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Gu LL, Zhang XY, Xing WM, Xu JD, Lu H. Andrographolide-induced apoptosis in human renal tubular epithelial cells: Roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammatory response. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 45:257-264. [PMID: 27344125 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Andrographolide sodium bisulfate as a kind of soluble derivative of andrographolide (AD), is obviously known to be nephrotoxicity, but AD has not been reported clearly. Our study aimed to investigate the induction of apoptosis in human renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells by AD and its possible mechanism. Our results demonstrated that AD (0-250μmol/L) inhibited Hk-2 cells proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, accompanied by decreased of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and increased of malondialdehvde (MDA) content. Simultaneously, AD regulated the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) molecular chaperone glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78/Bip) protein, elevated the expressions of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and Caspase-4, indicating activation of ER stress signaling, and induced the alterative expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) proteins. It provided evidence that ER stress and inflammation would be significant mechanisms responsible for AD-induced apoptosis in addition to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Gu
- School of Pharmacology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 31003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen-Min Xing
- School of Pharmacology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jia-Dong Xu
- School of Pharmacology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong Lu
- School of Pharmacology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China.
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47
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Sunder J, Sujatha T, Kundu A. Effect of Morinda citrifolia in growth, production and immunomodulatory properties in livestock and poultry: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.18006/2016.4(3s).249.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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48
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Kayastha F, Johar K, Gajjar D, Arora A, Madhu H, Ganatra D, Vasavada A. Andrographolide suppresses epithelial mesenchymal transition by inhibition of MAPK signalling pathway in lens epithelial cells. J Biosci 2016; 40:313-24. [PMID: 25963259 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-015-9513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs) may contribute to the development of posterior capsular opacification (PCO), which leads to visual impairment. Andrographolide has been shown to have therapeutic potential against various cancers. However, its effect on human LECs is still unknown. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of andrographolide on EMT induced by growth factors in the fetal human lens epithelial cell line (FHL 124). Initially the LECs were treated with growth factors (TGF-beta 2 and bFGF) to induce EMT. Subsequently these EMT-induced cells were treated with andrographolide at 100 and 500 nM concentrations for 24 h. Our results showed that FHL 124 cells treated with growth factors had a significant decrease in protein and m-RNA levels of epithelial markers pax6 and E-Cadherin. After administering andrographolide, these levels significantly increased. It was noticed that EMT markers alpha-SMA, fibronectin and collagen IV significantly decreased after treatment with andrographolide when compared to the other group. Treatment with andrographolide significantly inhibited phosphorylation of ERK and JNK. Cell cycle analysis showed that andrographolide did not arrest cells at G0/G1 or G2/M at tested concentrations. Our findings suggest that andrographolide helps sustain epithelial characteristics by modulating EMT markers and inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway in LECs. Hence it can prove to be useful in curbing EMT-mediated PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forum Kayastha
- Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Gurukul road, Memnagar, Ahmedabad 380 052, India
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Xiong WB, Shao ZJ, Xiong Y, Chen J, Sun Y, Zhu L, Zhou LM. Dehydroandrographolide enhances innate immunity of intestinal tract through up-regulation the expression of hBD-2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 26223251 PMCID: PMC4520058 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-015-0119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Dehydroandrographolide (DA) is one of major active components in the well-known oriental herbal medicine Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f) Nees which belongs to the Acanthaceae family. DA is used for the treatment of infections in China. However, DA has not been found to significantly inhibit bacterial and viral growth directly. The current study investigates the effect of DA on the expression of human β –defensin-2 (hBD-2) in human intestinal epithelial cells and the possible signaling pathways. Methods Human intestinal epithelial HCT-116 cells were incubated with 1–100 μM DA for 2–24 h. RT–PCR and Western blot were used to assess the expression of hBD-2. The specific inhibitors were used and the levels of phosphorylation of signaling molecules were detected for dissecting the signaling pathways leading to the induction of hBD-2. Results MTT assay showed there was no obvious cytotoxicity for HCT-116 cells by 1–100 μM DA treatment. RT-PCR and Western blot assays showed that DA (1–100 μM) could up-regulate the expression of hBD-2, and the effect lasted longer than 24 h. By using SB203580 and SB202190 (inhibitors of p38), the enhancement of hBD-2 expression were significantly attenuated. However, inhibitor of ERK and inhibitor of JNK could not block the effect of DA. Furthermore, Western blot found activation of p38 but not ERK and JNK in DA-treated HCT-116 cells. Conclusion The results suggested that DA enhanced innate immunity of intestinal tract by up-regulating the expression of hBD-2 through the p38 MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bi Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, West China Medical Center, Preclinical and Forensic Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.
| | - Zhen-Jun Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, West China Medical Center, Preclinical and Forensic Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yao Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, West China Medical Center, Preclinical and Forensic Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, West China Medical Center, Preclinical and Forensic Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, West China Medical Center, Preclinical and Forensic Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, West China Medical Center, Preclinical and Forensic Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.
| | - Li-Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, West China Medical Center, Preclinical and Forensic Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.
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50
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Shiri S, Alizadeh AM, Baradaran B, Farhanghi B, Shanehbandi D, Khodayari S, Khodayari H, Tavassoli A. Dendrosomal Curcumin Suppresses Metastatic Breast Cancer in Mice by Changing M1/M2 Macrophage Balance in the Tumor Microenvironment. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:3917-22. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.9.3917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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