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Huang Y, Cui D, Chen L, Tong H, Wu H, Muller GK, Qi Y, Wang S, Xu J, Gao X, Fifield KE, Wang L, Xia Z, Vanderluit JL, Liu S, Leng L, Sun G, McGuire J, Young LH, Bucala R, Qi D. A pref-1-controlled non-inflammatory mechanism of insulin resistance. iScience 2023; 26:106923. [PMID: 37283810 PMCID: PMC10239698 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While insulin resistance (IR) is associated with inflammation in white adipose tissue, we report a non-inflammatory adipose mechanism of high fat-induced IR mediated by loss of Pref-1. Pref-1, released from adipose Pref-1+ cells with characteristics of M2 macrophages, endothelial cells or progenitors, inhibits MIF release from both Pref-1+ cells and adipocytes by binding with integrin β1 and inhibiting the mobilization of p115. High palmitic acid induces PAR2 expression in Pref-1+ cells, downregulating Pref-1 expression and release in an AMPK-dependent manner. The loss of Pref-1 increases adipose MIF secretion contributing to non-inflammatory IR in obesity. Treatment with Pref-1 blunts the increase in circulating plasma MIF levels and subsequent IR induced by a high palmitic acid diet. Thus, high levels of fatty acids suppress Pref-1 expression and secretion, through increased activation of PAR2, resulting in an increase in MIF secretion and a non-inflammatory adipose mechanism of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Donghong Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liujun Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Haibin Tong
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Grace K. Muller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yadan Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjie Xu
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Kathleen E. Fifield
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | | | - Jacqueline L. Vanderluit
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Suixin Liu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Guang Sun
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - John McGuire
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence H. Young
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dake Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
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2
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Epidemiological and mechanistic studies have reported relationships between blood lipids, mostly measured by traditional method in clinical settings, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Recent advances of high-throughput lipidomics techniques have made available more comprehensive lipid profiling in biological samples. This review aims to summarize evidence from prospective studies in assessing relations between blood lipids and GDM, and discuss potential underlying mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based analytical platforms are extensively used in lipidomics research. Epidemiological studies have identified multiple novel lipidomic biomarkers that are associated with risk of GDM, such as certain types of fatty acids, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, and lipoproteins. However, the findings are inconclusive mainly due to the heterogeneities in study populations, sample sizes, and analytical platforms. Mechanistic evidence indicates that abnormal lipid metabolism may be involved in the pathogenesis of GDM by impairing pancreatic β-cells and inducing insulin resistance through several etiologic pathways, such as inflammation and oxidative stress. SUMMARY Lipidomics is a powerful tool to study pathogenesis and biomarkers for GDM. Lipidomic biomarkers and pathways could help to identify women at high risk for GDM and could be potential targets for early prevention and intervention of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xiong-Fei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
- Shuangliu Institute of Women's and Children's Health, Shuangliu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
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3
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Matysek A, Kimmantudawage SP, Feng L, Maier AB. Targeting Impaired Nutrient Sensing via the Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Pathway With Therapeutic Compounds to Prevent or Treat Dementia: A Systematic Review. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:898853. [PMID: 35923682 PMCID: PMC9341294 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.898853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Dementia is a global challenge with 10 million individuals being diagnosed every year. Currently, there are no established disease-modifying treatments for dementia. Impaired nutrient sensing has been implicated in the pathogenesis of dementia. Compounds that inhibit the glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) pathway have been investigated as a possible treatment to attenuate the progression of the disease, particularly the suppression of the hyper-phosphorylation process of the tau protein. Aims: Systematically summarizing compounds which have been tested to inhibit the GSK3 pathway to treat cognitive impairment and dementia. Methods: PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched from inception until 28 July 2021 for articles published in English. Interventional animal studies inhibiting the GSK3 pathway in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s dementia, Lewy body dementia, vascular dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and normal cognitive ageing investigating the change in cognition as the outcome were included. The Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation’s risk of bias tool for animal studies was applied. Results: Out of 4,154 articles, 29 described compounds inhibiting the GSK3 pathway. All studies were based on animal models of MCI, AD or normal cognitive ageing. Thirteen out of 21 natural compounds and five out of nine synthetic compounds tested in MCI and dementia animal models showed an overall positive effect on cognition. No articles reported human studies. The risk of bias was largely unclear. Conclusion: Novel therapeutics involved in the modulation of the GSK3 nutrient sensing pathway have the potential to improve cognitive function. Overall, there is a clear lack of translation from animal models to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Matysek
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sumudu Perera Kimmantudawage
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea B. Maier
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Andrea B. Maier,
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4
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Zhou X, Yi L, Lang H, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Yu L, Zhu J, Mi M. Dihydromyricetin-Encapsulated Liposomes Inhibit Exhaustive Exercise-Induced Liver Inflammation by Orchestrating M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:887263. [PMID: 35721117 PMCID: PMC9205249 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.887263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhaustive exercise (EE) induced hepatic inflammatory injury has been well reported. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) has shown anti-inflammatory bioactivity and hepatoprotective effects but is limited by poor bioavailability. Here, high-bioavailability DHM-encapsulated liposomes were synthesized and explored for their therapeutic potential and regulatory mechanisms in a hepatic inflammatory injury model. The animal model was established by swimming-to-exhaustive exercise in C57BL/6 mice, and the anti-inflammatory effects were detected after administration of DHM or DHM liposome. NIR fluorescence imaging was used to assess the potential of liver targeting. The DHM liposome-induced macrophage polarization was measured by flow cytometry ex vivo. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of DHM was studied in cell line RAW264.7 in vitro. Liposome encapsulation enhanced DHM bioavailability, and DHM liposome could alleviate liver inflammation more effectively. Moreover, DHM liposome targeted hepatic macrophages and polarized macrophages into an anti-inflammatory phenotype. The SIRT3/HIF-1α signaling pathway could be the major mechanism of DHM motivated macrophage polarization. Our study indicates that DHM liposomes can alleviate liver inflammation induced by EE through sustained releasing and hepatic targeting. It is a promising option to achieve the high bioavailability of DHM. Also, this study provides new insights into the regional immune effect of DHM against inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Long Yi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hedong Lang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qianyong Zhang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Li Yu
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jundong Zhu
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Mantian Mi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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5
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Wang Y, Huang Y, Wu P, Ye Y, Sun F, Yang X, Lu Q, Yuan J, Liu Y, Zeng H, Song X, Yan S, Qi X, Yang CX, Lv C, Wu JHY, Liu G, Pan XF, Chen D, Pan A. Plasma lipidomics in early pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective nested case-control study in Chinese women. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1763-1773. [PMID: 34477820 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid metabolism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. There is little evidence regarding the prospective association of the maternal lipidome with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), especially in Chinese populations. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify novel lipid species associated with GDM risk in Chinese women, and assess the incremental predictive capacity of the lipids for GDM. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study using the Tongji-Shuangliu Birth Cohort with 336 GDM cases and 672 controls, 1:2 matched on age and week of gestation. Maternal blood samples were collected at 6-15 wk, and lipidomes were profiled by targeted ultra-HPLC-tandem MS. GDM was diagnosed by oral-glucose-tolerance test at 24-28 wk. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator is a regression analysis method that was used to select novel biomarkers. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the associations. RESULTS Of 366 detected lipids, 10 were selected and found to be significantly associated with GDM independently of confounders: there were positive associations with phosphatidylinositol 40:6, alkylphosphatidylcholine 36:1, phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen 38:6, diacylglyceride 18:0/18:1, and alkylphosphatidylethanolamine 40:5 (adjusted ORs per 1 log-SD increment range: 1.34-2.86), whereas there were inverse associations with sphingomyelin 34:1, dihexosyl ceramide 24:0, mono hexosyl ceramide 18:0, dihexosyl ceramide 24:1, and phosphatidylcholine 40:7 (adjusted ORs range: 0.48-0.68). Addition of these novel lipids to the classical GDM prediction model resulted in a significant improvement in the C-statistic (discriminatory power of the model) to 0.801 (95% CI: 0.772, 0.829). For every 1-point increase in the lipid risk score of the 10 lipids, the OR of GDM was 1.66 (95% CI: 1.50, 1.85). Mediation analysis suggested the associations between specific lipid species and GDM were partially explained by glycemic and insulin-related indicators. CONCLUSIONS Specific plasma lipid biomarkers in early pregnancy were associated with GDM in Chinese women, and significantly improved the prediction for GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yichao Huang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Ye
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fengjiang Sun
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaying Yuan
- Department of Science and Education, Shuangliu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuangliu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huayan Zeng
- Nutrition Department, Shuangliu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingyue Song
- Department of Emergency, Hainan Clinical Research Center for Acute and Critical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shijiao Yan
- Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.,School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaorong Qi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chun-Xia Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuanzhu Lv
- Department of Emergency, Hainan Clinical Research Center for Acute and Critical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jason H Y Wu
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiong-Fei Pan
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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6
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Kaur N, Guan Y, Raja R, Ruiz-Velasco A, Liu W. Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Through the Inflammatory Response. Front Physiol 2021; 12:694864. [PMID: 34234695 PMCID: PMC8257042 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.694864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of heart failure (HF) continues to increase rapidly in patients with diabetes. It is marked by myocardial remodeling, including fibrosis, hypertrophy, and cell death, leading to diastolic dysfunction with or without systolic dysfunction. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a distinct myocardial disease in the absence of coronary artery disease. DCM is partially induced by chronic systemic inflammation, underpinned by a hostile environment due to hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. The detrimental role of leukocytes, cytokines, and chemokines is evident in the diabetic heart, yet the precise role of inflammation as a cause or consequence of DCM remains incompletely understood. Here, we provide a concise review of the inflammatory signaling mechanisms contributing to the clinical complications of diabetes-associated HF. Overall, the impact of inflammation on the onset and development of DCM suggests the potential benefits of targeting inflammatory cascades to prevent DCM. This review is tailored to outline the known effects of the current anti-diabetic drugs, anti-inflammatory therapies, and natural compounds on inflammation, which mitigate HF progression in diabetic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wei Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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7
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Wang Y, Tang B, Long L, Luo P, Xiang W, Li X, Wang H, Jiang Q, Tan X, Luo S, Li H, Wang Z, Chen Z, Leng Y, Jiang Z, Wang Y, Ma L, Wang R, Zeng C, Liu Z, Wang Y, Miao H, Shi C. Improvement of obesity-associated disorders by a small-molecule drug targeting mitochondria of adipose tissue macrophages. Nat Commun 2021; 12:102. [PMID: 33397994 PMCID: PMC7782823 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory activation of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) is causally linked to obesity and obesity-associated disorders. A number of studies have demonstrated the crucial role of mitochondrial metabolism in macrophage activation. However, there is a lack of pharmaceutical agents to target the mitochondrial metabolism of ATMs for the treatment of obesity-related diseases. Here, we characterize a near-infrared fluorophore (IR-61) that preferentially accumulates in the mitochondria of ATMs and has a therapeutic effect on diet-induced obesity as well as obesity-associated insulin resistance and fatty liver. IR-61 inhibits the classical activation of ATMs by increasing mitochondrial complex levels and oxidative phosphorylation via the ROS/Akt/Acly pathway. Taken together, our findings indicate that specific enhancement of ATMs oxidative phosphorylation improves chronic inflammation and obesity-related disorders. IR-61 might be an anti-inflammatory agent useful for the treatment of obesity-related diseases by targeting the mitochondria of ATMs. Adipose tissue macrophages are central to controlling inflammation in the context of obesity. Here the authors present a new infrared dye (IR-61) that accumulates in the mitochondria of these cells resulting in anti-inflammatory effects that counter obesity-associated pathology in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Binlin Tang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Oncology Department, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, China
| | - Lei Long
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xueru Li
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Huilan Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Qingzhi Jiang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Xu Tan
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shenglin Luo
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Huijuan Li
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zelin Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu Leng
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhongyong Jiang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Le Ma
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zujuan Liu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Hongming Miao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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8
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Li J, Chen C, Zhang W, Bi J, Yang G, Li E. Salsalate reverses metabolic disorders in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through AMPK activation and caspase-6 activity inhibition. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 128:394-409. [PMID: 33200549 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Salsalate, an ester formed by 2 salicylic acid molecules, has beneficial effect against metabolic disorders in clinical trials and in animal studies. This study focused on the mechanistic aspects of salsalate activity against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Using high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice, we showed that salsalate treatment decreased body-weight gains, reduced white adipose tissue mass and improved glycaemic control. Mice in salsalate-treated group also had reduced obese adipose tissue and hepatic macrophage infiltration and inflammation and adipogenesis gene expression. Histology analysis revealed predominant decreases in hepatosteatosis, including both macrovesicular and microvesicular steatoses. The treatment reversed AMPK activity repression that was accompanied by reduced caspase-6 activity and cleavage. Enzymatic assay and cell culture studies showed that salsalate promoted AMPK activation by directly activating AMPK. This study links salsalate effect against metabolic disorders to its activity on reversion of AMPK repression in NAFLD mice and on suppression of adipogenic gene induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changmai Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing'ai Bi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Erguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Davis FM, Tsoi LC, Wasikowski R, denDekker A, Joshi A, Wilke C, Deng H, Wolf S, Obi A, Huang S, Billi AC, Robinson S, Lipinski J, Melvin WJ, Audu CO, Weidinger S, Kunkel SL, Smith A, Gudjonsson JE, Moore BB, Gallagher KA. Epigenetic regulation of the PGE2 pathway modulates macrophage phenotype in normal and pathologic wound repair. JCI Insight 2020; 5:138443. [PMID: 32879137 PMCID: PMC7526451 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a primary immune cell involved in inflammation, and their cell plasticity allows for transition from an inflammatory to a reparative phenotype and is critical for normal tissue repair following injury. Evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations play a critical role in establishing macrophage phenotype and function during normal and pathologic wound repair. Here, we find in human and murine wound macrophages that cyclooxygenase 2/prostaglandin E2 (COX-2/PGE2) is elevated in diabetes and regulates downstream macrophage-mediated inflammation and host defense. Using single-cell RNA sequencing of human wound tissue, we identify increased NF-κB-mediated inflammation in diabetic wounds and show increased COX-2/PGE2 in diabetic macrophages. Further, we identify that COX-2/PGE2 production in wound macrophages requires epigenetic regulation of 2 key enzymes in the cytosolic phospholipase A2/COX-2/PGE2 (cPLA2/COX-2/PGE2) pathway. We demonstrate that TGF-β-induced miRNA29b increases COX-2/PGE2 production via inhibition of DNA methyltransferase 3b-mediated hypermethylation of the Cox-2 promoter. Further, we find mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) upregulates cPLA2 expression and drives COX-2/PGE2. Inhibition of the COX-2/PGE2 pathway genetically (Cox2fl/fl Lyz2Cre+) or with a macrophage-specific nanotherapy targeting COX-2 in tissue macrophages reverses the inflammatory macrophage phenotype and improves diabetic tissue repair. Our results indicate the epigenetically regulated PGE2 pathway controls wound macrophage function, and cell-targeted manipulation of this pathway is feasible to improve diabetic wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank M Davis
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | | | | | | | - Amrita Joshi
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery
| | - Carol Wilke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hongping Deng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Sonya Wolf
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery
| | - Andrea Obi
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery
| | - Steven Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Jay Lipinski
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery
| | | | | | - Stephan Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Steven L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Bethany B Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katherine A Gallagher
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology
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10
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Zhu Q, An YA, Kim M, Zhang Z, Zhao S, Zhu Y, Asterholm IW, Kusminski CM, Scherer PE. Suppressing adipocyte inflammation promotes insulin resistance in mice. Mol Metab 2020; 39:101010. [PMID: 32408016 PMCID: PMC7272509 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity-induced insulin resistance is closely associated with chronic subclinical inflammation in white adipose tissue. However, the mechanistic involvement of adipocyte-derived inflammation under these disease conditions remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate the relative inflammation-related contributions of adipocytes and macrophages to insulin sensitivity. METHODS RIDα/β is an adenoviral protein complex that inhibits several inflammatory pathways, including TLR4, TNFα, and IL1β signaling. We generated novel mouse models with adipocyte-specific and macrophage-specific doxycycline (dox)-inducible RIDα/β-transgenic mice (RIDad and RIDmac mice, respectively). RESULTS RIDα/β induction significantly reduced LPS-stimulated inflammatory markers, such as Tnf, Il1b, and Saa3 in adipose tissues. Surprisingly, RIDad mice had elevated levels of postprandial glucose and insulin and exhibited glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, even under chow-fed conditions. Moreover, the RIDad mice displayed further insulin resistance under obesogenic (high-fat diet, HFD) conditions despite reduced weight gain. In addition, under pre-existing obese and inflamed conditions on an HFD, subsequent induction of RIDα/β in RIDad mice reduced body weight gain, further exacerbating glucose tolerance, enhancing insulin resistance and fatty liver, and reducing adiponectin levels. This occurred despite effective suppression of the inflammatory pathways (including TNFα and IL1β). In contrast, RIDmac mice, upon HFD feeding, displayed similar weight gain, comparable adiponectin levels, and insulin sensitivity, suggesting that the inflammatory properties of macrophages did not exert a negative impact on metabolic readouts. RIDα/β expression and the ensuing suppression of inflammation in adipocytes enhanced adipose tissue fibrosis and reduced vascularization. CONCLUSION Our novel findings further corroborate our previous observations suggesting that suppressing adipocyte inflammation impairs adipose tissue function and promotes insulin resistance, despite beneficial effects on weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhang Zhu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yu A An
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Zhuzhen Zhang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shangang Zhao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yi Zhu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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11
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Petrus P, Lecoutre S, Dollet L, Wiel C, Sulen A, Gao H, Tavira B, Laurencikiene J, Rooyackers O, Checa A, Douagi I, Wheelock CE, Arner P, McCarthy M, Bergo MO, Edgar L, Choudhury RP, Aouadi M, Krook A, Rydén M. Glutamine Links Obesity to Inflammation in Human White Adipose Tissue. Cell Metab 2020; 31:375-390.e11. [PMID: 31866443 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While obesity and associated metabolic complications are linked to inflammation of white adipose tissue (WAT), the causal factors remain unclear. We hypothesized that the local metabolic environment could be an important determinant. To this end, we compared metabolites released from WAT of 81 obese and non-obese women. This identified glutamine to be downregulated in obesity and inversely associated with a pernicious WAT phenotype. Glutamine administration in vitro and in vivo attenuated both pro-inflammatory gene and protein levels in adipocytes and WAT and macrophage infiltration in WAT. Metabolomic and bioenergetic analyses in human adipocytes suggested that glutamine attenuated glycolysis and reduced uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) levels. UDP-GlcNAc is the substrate for the post-translational modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) mediated by the enzyme O-GlcNAc transferase. Functional studies in human adipocytes established a mechanistic link between reduced glutamine, O-GlcNAcylation of nuclear proteins, and a pro-inflammatory transcriptional response. Altogether, glutamine metabolism is linked to WAT inflammation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Petrus
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Simon Lecoutre
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Lucile Dollet
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clotilde Wiel
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (BioNut), H2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - André Sulen
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Beatriz Tavira
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Olav Rooyackers
- Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, B31, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Checa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iyadh Douagi
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Mark McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Martin O Bergo
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (BioNut), H2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Laurienne Edgar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robin P Choudhury
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden.
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12
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Androulakis IP. The quest for digital health: From diseases to patients. Comput Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Güemes A, Georgiou P. Review of the role of the nervous system in glucose homoeostasis and future perspectives towards the management of diabetes. Bioelectron Med 2018; 4:9. [PMID: 32232085 PMCID: PMC7098234 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-018-0009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a disease caused by a breakdown in the glucose metabolic process resulting in abnormal blood glucose fluctuations. Traditionally, control has involved external insulin injection in response to elevated blood glucose to substitute the role of the beta cells in the pancreas which would otherwise perform this function in a healthy individual. The central nervous system (CNS), however, also plays a vital role in glucose homoeostasis through the control of pancreatic secretion and insulin sensitivity which could potentially be used as a pathway for enhancing glucose control. In this review, we present an overview of the brain regions, peripheral nerves and molecular mechanisms by which the CNS regulates glucose metabolism and the potential benefits of modulating them for diabetes management. Development of technologies to interface to the nervous system will soon become a reality through bioelectronic medicine and we present the emerging opportunities for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Güemes
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Pantelis Georgiou
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
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14
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Zhu X, Tu Y, Chen H, Jackson AO, Patel V, Yin K. Micro-environment and intracellular metabolism modulation of adipose tissue macrophage polarization in relation to chronic inflammatory diseases. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2018; 34:e2993. [PMID: 29475214 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation and pro-inflammatory polarization of immune cells, mainly macrophages, in adipose tissue (AT) are considered crucial factors for obesity-induced chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we highlighted the role of adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) polarization on AT function in the obese state and the effect of the micro-environment and intracellular metabolism on the dynamic switch of ATMs into their pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotypes, which may have distinct influences on obesity-related chronic inflammatory diseases. Obesity-associated metabolic dysfunctions, including those of glucose, fatty acid, cholesterol, and other nutrient substrates such as vitamin D and iron in AT, promote the pro-inflammatory polarization of ATMs and AT inflammation via regulating the interaction between ATMs and adipocytes and intracellular metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and reverse cholesterol transportation. Focusing on the regulation of ATM metabolism will provide a novel target for the treatment of obesity-related chronic inflammatory diseases, including insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhu
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yixuan Tu
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hainan Chen
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ampadu O Jackson
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Vaibhav Patel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kai Yin
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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15
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Rao RT, Scherholz ML, Hartmanshenn C, Bae SA, Androulakis IP. On the analysis of complex biological supply chains: From Process Systems Engineering to Quantitative Systems Pharmacology. Comput Chem Eng 2017; 107:100-110. [PMID: 29353945 DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of models in biology has become particularly relevant as it enables investigators to develop a mechanistic framework for understanding the operating principles of living systems as well as in quantitatively predicting their response to both pathological perturbations and pharmacological interventions. This application has resulted in a synergistic convergence of systems biology and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling techniques that has led to the emergence of quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP). In this review, we discuss how the foundational principles of chemical process systems engineering inform the progressive development of more physiologically-based systems biology models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit T Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Megerle L Scherholz
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Clara Hartmanshenn
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Seul-A Bae
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Ioannis P Androulakis
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
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16
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Rubinow KB, Rubinow DR. In immune defense: redefining the role of the immune system in chronic disease. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017. [PMID: 28566944 PMCID: PMC5442360 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2017.19.1/drubinow] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The recognition of altered immune system function in many chronic disease states has proven to be a pivotal advance in biomedical research over the past decade. For many metabolic and mood disorders, this altered immune activity has been characterized as inflammation, with the attendant assumption that the immune response is aberrant. However, accumulating evidence challenges this assumption and suggests that the immune system may be mounting adaptive responses to chronic stressors. Further, the inordinate complexity of immune function renders a simplistic, binary model incapable of capturing critical mechanistic insights. In this perspective article, we propose alternative paradigms for understanding the role of the immune system in chronic disease. By invoking allostasis or systems biology rather than inflammation, we can ascribe greater functional significance to immune mediators, gain newfound appreciation of the adaptive facets of altered immune activity, and better avoid the potentially disastrous effects of translating erroneous assumptions into novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya B Rubinow
- Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David R Rubinow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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17
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Liu J, Ibi D, Taniguchi K, Lee J, Herrema H, Akosman B, Mucka P, Salazar Hernandez MA, Uyar MF, Park SW, Karin M, Ozcan U. Inflammation Improves Glucose Homeostasis through IKKβ-XBP1s Interaction. Cell 2016; 167:1052-1066.e18. [PMID: 27814504 PMCID: PMC5908236 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is widely believed that inflammation associated with obesity has an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes. IκB kinase beta (IKKβ) is a crucial kinase that responds to inflammatory stimuli such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) by initiating a variety of intracellular signaling cascades and is considered to be a key element in the inflammation-mediated development of insulin resistance. We show here, contrary to expectation, that IKKβ-mediated inflammation is a positive regulator of hepatic glucose homeostasis. IKKβ phosphorylates the spliced form of X-Box Binding Protein 1 (XBP1s) and increases the activity of XBP1s. We have used three experimental approaches to enhance the IKKβ activity in the liver of obese mice and observed increased XBP1s activity, reduced ER stress, and a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity and consequently in glucose homeostasis. Our results reveal a beneficial role of IKKβ-mediated hepatic inflammation in glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Dorina Ibi
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Koji Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Bedia Akosman
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Patrick Mucka
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | | | - Muhemmet Fatih Uyar
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Sang Won Park
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Umut Ozcan
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA.
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18
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Ma L, Liu TW, Wallig MA, Dobrucki IT, Dobrucki LW, Nelson ER, Swanson KS, Smith AM. Efficient Targeting of Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Obesity with Polysaccharide Nanocarriers. ACS NANO 2016; 10:6952-62. [PMID: 27281538 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Obesity leads to an increased risk for type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and cancer. The causal link between obesity and these pathologies has recently been identified as chronic low-grade systemic inflammation initiated by pro-inflammatory macrophages in visceral adipose tissue. Current medications based on small-molecule drugs yield significant off-target side effects with long-term use, and therefore there is a major need for targeted therapies. Here we report that nanoscale polysaccharides based on biocompatible glucose polymers can efficiently target adipose macrophages in obese mice. We synthesized a series of dextran conjugates with tunable size linked to contrast agents for positron emission tomography, fluorophores for optical microscopy, and anti-inflammatory drugs for therapeutic modulation of macrophage phenotype. We observed that larger conjugates efficiently distribute to visceral adipose tissue and selectively associate with macrophages after regional peritoneal administration. Up to 63% of the injected dose remained in visceral adipose tissue 24 h after administration, resulting in >2-fold higher local concentration compared to liver, the dominant site of uptake for most nanomedicines. Furthermore, a single-dose treatment of anti-inflammatory conjugates significantly reduced pro-inflammatory markers in adipose tissue of obese mice. Importantly, all components of these therapeutic agents are approved for clinical use. This work provides a promising nanomaterials-based delivery strategy to inhibit critical factors leading to obesity comorbidities and demonstrates a unique transport mechanism for drug delivery to visceral tissues. This approach may be further applied for high-efficiency targeting of other inflammatory diseases of visceral organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, §Division of Nutritional Sciences, ∥Department of Pathobiology, ⊥Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, #Department of Bioengineering, □Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and University of Illinois Cancer Center, and ⬡Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Tzu-Wen Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, §Division of Nutritional Sciences, ∥Department of Pathobiology, ⊥Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, #Department of Bioengineering, □Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and University of Illinois Cancer Center, and ⬡Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Matthew A Wallig
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, §Division of Nutritional Sciences, ∥Department of Pathobiology, ⊥Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, #Department of Bioengineering, □Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and University of Illinois Cancer Center, and ⬡Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Iwona T Dobrucki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, §Division of Nutritional Sciences, ∥Department of Pathobiology, ⊥Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, #Department of Bioengineering, □Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and University of Illinois Cancer Center, and ⬡Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Lawrence W Dobrucki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, §Division of Nutritional Sciences, ∥Department of Pathobiology, ⊥Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, #Department of Bioengineering, □Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and University of Illinois Cancer Center, and ⬡Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Erik R Nelson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, §Division of Nutritional Sciences, ∥Department of Pathobiology, ⊥Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, #Department of Bioengineering, □Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and University of Illinois Cancer Center, and ⬡Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, §Division of Nutritional Sciences, ∥Department of Pathobiology, ⊥Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, #Department of Bioengineering, □Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and University of Illinois Cancer Center, and ⬡Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Andrew M Smith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, §Division of Nutritional Sciences, ∥Department of Pathobiology, ⊥Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, #Department of Bioengineering, □Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and University of Illinois Cancer Center, and ⬡Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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19
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Bertinat R, Westermeier F, Silva P, Shi J, Nualart F, Li X, Yáñez AJ. Anti-Diabetic Agent Sodium Tungstate Induces the Secretion of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines by Human Kidney Cells. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:355-362. [PMID: 27186953 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the major cause of end stage renal disease. Sodium tungstate (NaW) exerts anti-diabetic and immunomodulatory activities in diabetic animal models. Here, we used primary cultures of renal proximal tubule epithelial cells derived from type-2-diabetic (D-RPTEC) and non-diabetic (N-RPTEC) subjects as in vitro models to study the effects of NaW on cytokine secretion, as these factors participate in intercellular regulation of inflammation, cell growth and death, differentiation, angiogenesis, development, and repair, all processes that are dysregulated during DKD. In basal conditions, D-RPTEC cells secreted higher levels of prototypical pro-inflammatory IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 than N-RPTEC cells, in agreement with their diabetic phenotype. Unexpectedly, NaW further induced IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 secretion in both N- and D-RPTEC, together with lower levels of IL-1 RA, IL-4, IL-10, and GM-CSF, suggesting that it may contribute to the extent of renal damage/repair during DKD. Besides, NaW induced the accumulation of IκBα, the main inhibitor protein of one major pathway involved in cytokine production, suggesting further anti-inflammatory effect in the long-term. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the interplay between the anti-diabetic and immunomodulatory properties of NaW will facilitate future studies about its clinical relevance. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 355-362, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Bertinat
- Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, CMA-Bío Bío, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile. .,Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. .,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Francisco Westermeier
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Centro Avanzado de Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Silva
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jie Shi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Francisco Nualart
- Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, CMA-Bío Bío, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Xuhang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alejandro J Yáñez
- Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, CMA-Bío Bío, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile. .,Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Abstract
Quantitative Systems Pharmacology (QSP) is receiving increased attention. As the momentum builds and the expectations grow it is important to (re)assess and formalize the basic concepts and approaches. In this short review, I argue that QSP, in addition to enabling the rational integration of data and development of complex models, maybe more importantly, provides the foundations for developing an integrated framework for the assessment of drugs and their impact on disease within a broader context expanding the envelope to account in great detail for physiology, environment and prior history. I articulate some of the critical enablers, major obstacles and exciting opportunities manifesting themselves along the way. Charting such overarching themes will enable practitioners to identify major and defining factors as the field progressively moves towards personalized and precision health care delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis P Androulakis
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Department, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
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21
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Silva ITD, Almeida-Pititto BD, Ferreira SRG. Reassessing lipid metabolism and its potentialities in the prediction of cardiovascular risk. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2015; 59:171-80. [PMID: 25993681 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous particles, enzymes, and mechanisms in the lipid metabolism that are involved in the genesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Given its prevalence in populations and its impact on mortality, it is relevant to review the lipid metabolism as it may potentially provide subsidies to better prediction. This article reviews the importance of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and comments on the potential of novel lipid biomarkers involved in the physiopathology of CVD. The Framingham cohorts proved the role of traditional risk factors (physical inactivity, smoking, blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, plasma glucose) in the prediction of cardiovascular events. However, a significant number of individuals that suffer from a cardiovascular event has few or none of these factors. Such finding indicates the need for new biomarkers able to identify plaques that are more susceptible to rupture. Some of bloodstream biomarkers related to lipid metabolism are modified LDL particles, apolipoprotein AI (apo AI), apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)], cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), subtypes of LDL and HDL particles, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). These factors participate in the atherosclerotic process, and are abnormal in individuals at high risk, or in those who suffered from a cardiovascular event. Lp (a) determination is already employed in clinical practice and should be included as a reference parameter for CVD monitoring. Furthermore, there are expectations for wider use of apo B, non-HDL cholesterol and total cholesterol / HDL-C determination to improve cardiovascular risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Tande da Silva
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Roberta G Ferreira
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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22
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DeFronzo RA, Triplitt CL, Abdul-Ghani M, Cersosimo E. Novel Agents for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Spectr 2014; 27:100-12. [PMID: 26246766 PMCID: PMC4522879 DOI: 10.2337/diaspect.27.2.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In Brief Impaired insulin secretion, increased hepatic glucose production, and decreased peripheral glucose utilization are the core defects responsible for the development and progression of type 2 diabetes. However, the pathophysiology of this disease also includes adipocyte insulin resistance (increased lipolysis), reduced incretin secretion/sensitivity, increased glucagon secretion, enhanced renal glucose reabsorption, and brain insulin resistance/neurotransmitter dysfunction. Although current diabetes management focuses on lowering blood glucose, the goal of therapy should be to delay disease progression and eventual treatment failure. Recent innovative treatment approaches target the multiple pathophysiological defects present in type 2 diabetes. Optimal management should include early initiation of combination therapy using multiple drugs with different mechanisms of action. This review examines novel therapeutic options that hold particular promise.
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Dhurandhar NV, Geurts L, Atkinson RL, Casteilla L, Clement K, Gerard P, Vijay-Kumar M, Nam JH, Nieuwdorp M, Trovato G, Sørensen TIA, Vidal-Puig A, Cani PD. Harnessing the beneficial properties of adipogenic microbes for improving human health. Obes Rev 2013; 14:721-35. [PMID: 23663746 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with numerous metabolic comorbidities. Weight loss is an effective measure for alleviating many of these metabolic abnormalities. However, considering the limited success of most medical weight-management approaches in producing a sustained weight loss, approaches that improve obesity-related metabolic abnormalities independent of weight loss would be extremely attractive and of practical benefit. Metabolically healthy obesity supports the notion that a better metabolic profile is possible despite obesity. Moreover, adequate expansion of adipose tissue appears to confer protection from obesity-induced metabolic comorbidities. To this end, the 10th Stock conference examined new approaches to improve metabolic comorbidities independent of weight loss. In particular, human adenovirus 36 (Ad36) and specific gut microbes were examined for their potential to influence lipid and glucose homeostasis in animals and humans. While these microbes possess some undesirable properties, research has identified attributes of adenovirus Ad36 and gut microbes that may be selectively harnessed to improve metabolic profile without the obligatory weight loss. Furthermore, identifying the host signalling pathways that these microbes recruit to improve the metabolic profile may offer new templates and targets, which may facilitate the development of novel treatment strategies for obesity-related metabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Dhurandhar
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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24
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Cildir G, Akıncılar SC, Tergaonkar V. Chronic adipose tissue inflammation: all immune cells on the stage. Trends Mol Med 2013; 19:487-500. [PMID: 23746697 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is indispensable for host homeostasis against invading pathogens and efficient wound healing upon tissue malfunction and has to be tightly controlled by various mechanisms to limit excess responses harmful to host tissues. A myriad of disease conditions ranging from type 2 diabetes (T2D) to neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders are now shown to progress due to persistent, unresolved inflammation in metabolic tissues such as adipose, liver, pancreas, muscle, and brain. However, their underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. The actions of innate and adaptive immune cells in these ailments are increasingly appreciated so much so that a new research area called 'immunometabolism' has emerged. In this review, we will highlight the fundamental roles of various immune cells in adipose tissue during the initiation and progression of obesity-induced inflammation and discuss potential anti-inflammatory therapies from different mechanistic points of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Cildir
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
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