1
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Yan P, Lin X, Wu L, Xu L, Li F, Liu J, Xu F. The binding mechanism of an anti-multiple myeloma antibody to the human GPRC5D homodimer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5255. [PMID: 38898050 PMCID: PMC11187071 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
GPRC5D is an atypical Class C orphan G protein-coupled receptor. Its high expression on the surface of multiple myeloma cells has rendered it an attractive target for therapeutic interventions, including monoclonal antibodies, CAR-T cells, and T-cell engagers. Despite its therapeutic potential, the insufficient understanding regarding of the receptor's structure and antibody recognition mechanism has impeded the progress of effective therapeutic development. Here, we present the structure of GPRC5D in complex with a preclinical-stage single-chain antibody (scFv). Our structural analysis reveals that the GPRC5D presents a close resemblance to the typical Class C GPCRs in the transmembrane region. We identify a distinct head-to-head homodimer arrangement and interface mainly involving TM4, setting it apart from other Class C homo- or hetero-dimers. Furthermore, we elucidate the binding site engaging a sizable extracellular domain on GPRC5D for scFv recognition. These insights not only unveil the distinctive dimer organization of this unconventional Class C GPCR but also hold the potential to advance drug development targeting GPRC5D for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yan
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Lin
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Xu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- JiKang Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Xu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Birgül Iyison N, Abboud C, Abboud D, Abdulrahman AO, Bondar AN, Dam J, Georgoussi Z, Giraldo J, Horvat A, Karoussiotis C, Paz-Castro A, Scarpa M, Schihada H, Scholz N, Güvenc Tuna B, Vardjan N. ERNEST COST action overview on the (patho)physiology of GPCRs and orphan GPCRs in the nervous system. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38825750 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of cell surface receptors that play a critical role in nervous system function by transmitting signals between cells and their environment. They are involved in many, if not all, nervous system processes, and their dysfunction has been linked to various neurological disorders representing important drug targets. This overview emphasises the GPCRs of the nervous system, which are the research focus of the members of ERNEST COST action (CA18133) working group 'Biological roles of signal transduction'. First, the (patho)physiological role of the nervous system GPCRs in the modulation of synapse function is discussed. We then debate the (patho)physiology and pharmacology of opioid, acetylcholine, chemokine, melatonin and adhesion GPCRs in the nervous system. Finally, we address the orphan GPCRs, their implication in the nervous system function and disease, and the challenges that need to be addressed to deorphanize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necla Birgül Iyison
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Bogazici, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Clauda Abboud
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Dayana Abboud
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Ana-Nicoleta Bondar
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute for Computational Biomedicine (IAS-5/INM-9), Jülich, Germany
| | - Julie Dam
- Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Zafiroula Georgoussi
- Laboratory of Cellular Signalling and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Jesús Giraldo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology and Bioinformatics, Unitat de Bioestadística and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anemari Horvat
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Christos Karoussiotis
- Laboratory of Cellular Signalling and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Alba Paz-Castro
- Molecular Pharmacology of GPCRs research group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago, Spain
| | - Miriam Scarpa
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Schihada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Scholz
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bilge Güvenc Tuna
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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3
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Liang J, Smith AW. The Oligomeric State of Vasorin in the Plasma Membrane Measured Non-Invasively by Quantitative Fluorescence Fluctuation Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4115. [PMID: 38612924 PMCID: PMC11012933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Vasorin (VASN), a transmembrane protein heavily expressed in endothelial cells, has garnered recent interest due to its key role in vascular development and pathology. The oligomeric state of VASN is a crucial piece of knowledge given that receptor clustering is a frequent regulatory mechanism in downstream signaling activation and amplification. However, documentation of VASN oligomerization is currently absent. In this brief report, we describe the measurement of VASN oligomerization in its native membranous environment, leveraging a class of fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy. Our investigation revealed that the majority of VASN resides in a monomeric state, while a minority of VASN forms homodimers in the cellular membrane. This result raises the intriguing possibility that ligand-independent clustering of VASN may play a role in transforming growth factor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Adam W. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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4
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Shin J, Park J, Jeong J, Lam JH, Qiu X, Wu D, Kim K, Lee JY, Robinson CV, Hyun J, Katritch V, Kim KP, Cho Y. Constitutive activation mechanism of a class C GPCR. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024; 31:678-687. [PMID: 38332368 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Class C G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are activated through binding of agonists to the large extracellular domain (ECD) followed by rearrangement of the transmembrane domains (TMDs). GPR156, a class C orphan GPCR, is unique because it lacks an ECD and exhibits constitutive activity. Impaired GPR156-Gi signaling contributes to loss of hearing. Here we present the cryo-electron microscopy structures of human GPR156 in the Go-free and Go-coupled states. We found that an endogenous phospholipid molecule is located within each TMD of the GPR156 dimer. Asymmetric binding of Gα to the phospholipid-bound GPR156 dimer restructures the first and second intracellular loops and the carboxy-terminal part of the elongated transmembrane 7 (TM7) without altering dimer conformation. Our findings reveal that GPR156 is a transducer for phospholipid signaling. Constant binding of abundant phospholipid molecules and the G-protein-induced reshaping of the cytoplasmic face provide a basis for the constitutive activation of GPR156.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Shin
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyeon Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Jeong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jordy Homing Lam
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bridge Institute and Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xingyu Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kuglae Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Lee
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Carol V Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jaekyung Hyun
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bridge Institute and Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for New Technologies in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunje Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Otanuly M, Kubitschke M, Masseck OA. A Bright Future? A Perspective on Class C GPCR Based Genetically Encoded Biosensors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:889-897. [PMID: 38380648 PMCID: PMC10921406 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges in molecular neuroscience today is to accurately monitor neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, peptides, and various other biomolecules in the brain with high temporal and spatial resolution. Only a comprehensive understanding of neuromodulator dynamics, their release probability, and spatial distribution will unravel their ultimate role in cognition and behavior. This Perspective offers an overview of potential design strategies for class C GPCR-based biosensors. It briefly highlights current applications of GPCR-based biosensors, with a primary focus on class C GPCRs and their unique structural characteristics compared with other GPCR subfamilies. The discussion offers insights into plausible future design approaches for biosensor development targeting members of this specific GPCR subfamily. It is important to note that, at this stage, we are contemplating possibilities rather than presenting a concrete guide, as the pipeline is still under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margulan Otanuly
- Synthetische Biologie, Universität Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
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6
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Canbolat F, Kantarci-Carsibasi N, Isik S, Shamshir SRM, Girgin M. Identification of the Candidate mGlu2 Allosteric Modulator THRX-195518 through In Silico Method and Evaluation of Its Neuroprotective Potential against Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cell Line. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:788-807. [PMID: 38248353 PMCID: PMC10814480 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutamate (Glu) toxicity has been an important research topic in toxicology and neuroscience studies. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that Group II metabotropic Glu2 (mGlu2) activators have cell viability effects. This study aims to determine a candidate ligand with high mGlu2 allosteric region activity among cytotoxicity-safe molecules using the in silico positioning method and to evaluate its cell viability effect in vitro. We investigated the candidate molecule's cell viability effect on the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line by MTT analysis. In the study, LY 379268 (agonist) and JNJ-46281222 (positive allosteric modulator; PAM) were used as control reference molecules. Drug bank screening yielded THRX-195518 (docking score being -12.4 kcal/mol) as a potential novel drug candidate that has a high docking score and has not been mentioned in the literature so far. The orthosteric agonist LY 379268 exhibited a robust protective effect in our study. Additionally, our findings demonstrate that JNJ-46281222 and THRX-195518, identified as activating the mGlu2 allosteric region through in silico methods, preserve cell viability against Glu toxicity. Therefore, our study not only emphasizes the positive effects of this compound on cell viability against Glu toxicity but also sheds light on the potential of THRX-195518, acting as a mGlu2 PAM, based on in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) data, as a candidate drug molecule. These findings underscore the potential utility of THRX-195518 against both neurotoxicity and Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders, providing valuable insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadime Canbolat
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17800 Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Nigar Kantarci-Carsibasi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Uskudar University, 34662 Istanbul, Turkey; (N.K.-C.); (M.G.)
| | - Sevim Isik
- Stem Cell Research and Application Center (USKOKMER), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Uskudar University, 34662 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | | | - Münteha Girgin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Uskudar University, 34662 Istanbul, Turkey; (N.K.-C.); (M.G.)
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7
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Walker LM, Sherpa RN, Ivaturi S, Brock DA, Larsen TJ, Walker JR, Strassmann JE, Queller DC. Parallel evolution of the G protein-coupled receptor GrlG and the loss of fruiting body formation in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum evolved under low relatedness. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 14:jkad235. [PMID: 37832511 PMCID: PMC10755179 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Aggregative multicellularity relies on cooperation among formerly independent cells to form a multicellular body. Previous work with Dictyostelium discoideum showed that experimental evolution under low relatedness profoundly decreased cooperation, as indicated by the loss of fruiting body formation in many clones and an increase of cheaters that contribute proportionally more to spores than to the dead stalk. Using whole-genome sequencing and variant analysis of these lines, we identified 38 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 29 genes. Each gene had 1 variant except for grlG (encoding a G protein-coupled receptor), which had 10 unique SNPs and 5 structural variants. Variants in the 5' half of grlG-the region encoding the signal peptide and the extracellular binding domain-were significantly associated with the loss of fruiting body formation; the association was not significant in the 3' half of the gene. These results suggest that the loss of grlG was adaptive under low relatedness and that at least the 5' half of the gene is important for cooperation and multicellular development. This is surprising given some previous evidence that grlG encodes a folate receptor involved in predation, which occurs only during the single-celled stage. However, non-fruiting mutants showed little increase in a parallel evolution experiment where the multicellular stage was prevented from happening. This shows that non-fruiting mutants are not generally selected by any predation advantage but rather by something-likely cheating-during the multicellular stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Walker
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Rintsen N Sherpa
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sindhuri Ivaturi
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Debra A Brock
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Tyler J Larsen
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jason R Walker
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Joan E Strassmann
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - David C Queller
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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8
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Zhao X, Stein KR, Chen V, Griffin ME, Lairson LL, Hang HC. Chemoproteomics reveals microbiota-derived aromatic monoamine agonists for GPRC5A. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1205-1214. [PMID: 37248411 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota generates diverse metabolites to modulate host physiology and disease, but their protein targets and mechanisms of action have not been fully elucidated. To address this challenge, we explored microbiota-derived indole metabolites and developed photoaffinity chemical reporters for proteomic studies. We identified many potential indole metabolite-interacting proteins, including metabolic enzymes, transporters, immune sensors and G protein-coupled receptors. Notably, we discovered that aromatic monoamines can bind the orphan receptor GPRC5A and stimulate β-arrestin recruitment. Metabolomic and functional profiling also revealed specific amino acid decarboxylase-expressing microbiota species that produce aromatic monoamine agonists for GPRC5A-β-arrestin recruitment. Our analysis of synthetic aromatic monoamine derivatives identified 7-fluorotryptamine as a more potent agonist of GPRC5A. These results highlight the utility of chemoproteomics to identify microbiota metabolite-interacting proteins and the development of small-molecule agonists for orphan receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn R Stein
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Victor Chen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Matthew E Griffin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Luke L Lairson
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Howard C Hang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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9
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Parajulee A, Kim K. Structural studies of serotonin receptor family. BMB Rep 2023; 56:527-536. [PMID: 37817438 PMCID: PMC10618075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin receptors, also known as 5-HT receptors, belong to the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) superfamily. They mediate the effects of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in a wide range of functions including mood regulation, cognition and appetite. The functions of serotonin are mediated by a family of 5-HT receptors including 12 GPCRs belonging to six major families: 5-HT1, 5-HT2, 5-HT4, 5-HT5, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7. Despite their distinct characteristics and functions, these receptors' subtypes share common structural features and signaling mechanisms. Understanding the structure, functions and pharmacology of the serotonin receptor family is essential for unraveling the complexities of serotonin signaling and developing targeted therapeutics for neuropsychiatric disorders. However, developing drugs that selectively target specific receptor subtypes is challenging due to the structural similarities in their orthosteric binding sites. This review focuses on the recent advancements in the structural studies of 5-HT receptors, highlighting the key structural features of each subtype and shedding light on their potential as targets for mental health and neurological disorders (such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and migraine) drugs. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(10): 527-536].
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Affiliation(s)
- Apeksha Parajulee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
| | - Kuglae Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
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10
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Wang Y, Kong L, Shu G, Sun G, Feng Y, Zhu M. Development of sensitive and stable electrochemical impedimetric biosensor based on T1R1 receptor and its application to detection of umami substances. Food Chem 2023; 423:136233. [PMID: 37156142 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Umami substances can provide a palatable flavour for food. In this study, an electrochemical impedimetric biosensor was developed for detecting umami substances. This biosensor was fabricated by immobilising T1R1 onto AuNPs/reduced graphene oxide/chitosan which was in advance electro-deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode. The evaluation by the electrochemical impedance spectrum method showed that the T1R1 biosensor performed well with low detection limits and wide linear ranges. Under the optimised incubation time (60 s), the electrochemical response was linearly related to the concentrations of the detected targets monosodium glutamate and inosine-5'-monophosphate within their respective linear range of 10-14 to 10-9 M and 10-16 to 10-13 M. The low detection limit of monosodium glutamate and inosine-5'-monophosphate was 10-15 M and 10-16 M, respectively. Moreover, the T1R1 biosensor exhibited high specificity to umami substances even in the real food sample. The developed biosensor still retained 89.24% signal intensity after 6-day storage, exhibiting a desirable storability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijian Wang
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Liqin Kong
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Shu
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Guanqquan Sun
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yaoze Feng
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, PR China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Ming Zhu
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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11
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Dowsett L, Duluc L, Higgins E, Alghamdi F, Fast W, Salt IP, Leiper J. Asymmetric dimethylarginine positively modulates calcium-sensing receptor signalling to promote lipid accumulation. Cell Signal 2023; 107:110676. [PMID: 37028778 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is generated through the irreversible methylation of arginine residues. It is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, currently thought to be due to its ability to act as a competitive inhibitor of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase enzymes. Plasma ADMA concentrations increase with obesity and fall following weight loss; however, it is unknown whether they play an active role in adipose pathology. Here, we demonstrate that ADMA drives lipid accumulation through a newly identified NO-independent pathway via the amino-acid sensitive calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). ADMA treatment of 3 T3-L1 and HepG2 cells upregulates a suite of lipogenic genes with an associated increase in triglyceride content. Pharmacological activation of CaSR mimics ADMA while negative modulation of CaSR inhibits ADMA driven lipid accumulation. Further investigation using CaSR overexpressing HEK293 cells demonstrated that ADMA potentiates CaSR signalling via Gq intracellular Ca2+ mobilisation. This study identifies a signalling mechanism for ADMA as an endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor CaSR that potentially contributes to the impact of ADMA in cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dowsett
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Lucie Duluc
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Erin Higgins
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Fatmah Alghamdi
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Walter Fast
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ian P Salt
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - James Leiper
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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12
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Isu UH, Badiee SA, Khodadadi E, Moradi M. Cholesterol in Class C GPCRs: Role, Relevance, and Localization. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:301. [PMID: 36984688 PMCID: PMC10056374 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), one of the largest superfamilies of cell-surface receptors, are heptahelical integral membrane proteins that play critical roles in virtually every organ system. G-protein-coupled receptors operate in membranes rich in cholesterol, with an imbalance in cholesterol level within the vicinity of GPCR transmembrane domains affecting the structure and/or function of many GPCRs, a phenomenon that has been linked to several diseases. These effects of cholesterol could result in indirect changes by altering the mechanical properties of the lipid environment or direct changes by binding to specific sites on the protein. There are a number of studies and reviews on how cholesterol modulates class A GPCRs; however, this area of study is yet to be explored for class C GPCRs, which are characterized by a large extracellular region and often form constitutive dimers. This review highlights specific sites of interaction, functions, and structural dynamics involved in the cholesterol recognition of the class C GPCRs. We summarize recent data from some typical family members to explain the effects of membrane cholesterol on the structural features and functions of class C GPCRs and speculate on their corresponding therapeutic potential.
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13
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Ikeda R, Sakagami T, Hamada M, Sakamoto T, Hatabu T, Saito N, Ando M. De novo transcriptome analysis of the centrohelid Raphidocystis contractilis to identify genes involved in microtubule-based motility. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2023; 70:e12955. [PMID: 36409155 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The centrohelid heliozoan Raphidocystis contractilis has many radiating axopodia, each containing axopodial microtubules. The axopodia show rapid contraction at nearly a video rate (30 frames per second) in response to mechanical stimuli. The axopodial contraction is accompanied by cytoskeletal microtubule depolymerization, but the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon has not been elucidated. In this study, we performed de novo transcriptome sequencing of R. contractilis to identify genes involved in microtubule dynamics such as the rapid axopodial contraction. The transcriptome sequencing generated 7.15-Gbp clean reads in total, which were assembled as 31,771 unigenes. Using the obtained gene sets, we identified several microtubule-severing proteins which might be involved in the rapid axopodial contraction, and kinesin-like genes that occur in gene duplication. On the other hand, some genes for microtubule motor proteins involved in the formation and motility of flagella were not found in R. contractilis, suggesting that the gene repertoire of R. contractilis reflected the morphological features of nonflagellated protists. Our transcriptome analysis provides basic information for the analysis of the molecular mechanism underlying microtubule dynamics in R. contractilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Ikeda
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tosuke Sakagami
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mayuko Hamada
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Hatabu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Noboru Saito
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Motonori Ando
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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14
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Shen S, Zhao C, Wu C, Sun S, Li Z, Yan W, Shao Z. Allosteric modulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1137604. [PMID: 36875468 PMCID: PMC9978769 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1137604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of transmembrane proteins, regulate a wide array of physiological processes in response to extracellular signals. Although these receptors have proven to be the most successful class of drug targets, their complicated signal transduction pathways (including different effector G proteins and β-arrestins) and mediation by orthosteric ligands often cause difficulties for drug development, such as on- or off-target effects. Interestingly, identification of ligands that engage allosteric binding sites, which are different from classic orthosteric sites, can promote pathway-specific effects in cooperation with orthosteric ligands. Such pharmacological properties of allosteric modulators offer new strategies to design safer GPCR-targeted therapeutics for various diseases. Here, we explore recent structural studies of GPCRs bound to allosteric modulators. Our inspection of all GPCR families reveals recognition mechanisms of allosteric regulation. More importantly, this review highlights the diversity of allosteric sites and presents how allosteric modulators control specific GPCR pathways to provide opportunities for the development of new valuable agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Yan
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenhua Shao
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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15
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McGrane SJ, Gibbs M, Hernangomez de Alvaro C, Dunlop N, Winnig M, Klebansky B, Waller D. Umami taste perception and preferences of the domestic cat (Felis catus), an obligate carnivore. Chem Senses 2023; 48:bjad026. [PMID: 37551788 PMCID: PMC10468298 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The domestic cat (Felis catus) is an obligate carnivore, and as such has a meat-based diet. Several studies on the taste perception of cats have been reported, indicating that their sense of taste has evolved based on their carnivorous diet. Here, we propose that umami (mediated by Tas1r1-Tas1r3) is the main appetitive taste modality for the domestic cat by characterizing the umami taste of a range of nucleotides, amino acids, and their mixtures for cats obtained using complementary methods. We show for the first time that cats express Tas1r1 in taste papillae. The cat umami receptor responds to a range of nucleotides as agonists, with the purine nucleotides having the highest activity. Their umami receptor does not respond to any amino acids alone; however, 11 l-amino acids with a range of chemical characteristics act as enhancers in combination with a nucleotide. l-Glutamic acid and l-Aspartic acid are not active as either agonists or enhancers of the cat umami receptor due to changes in key binding residues at positions 170 and 302. Overall, cats have an appetitive behavioral response for nucleotides, l-amino acids, and their mixtures. We postulate that the renowned palatability of tuna for cats may be due, at least in part, to its specific combination of high levels of inosine monophosphate and free l-Histidine that produces a strong synergistic umami taste enhancement. These results demonstrate the critical role that the umami receptor plays in enabling cats to detect key taste compounds present in meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J McGrane
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Gibbs
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Hernangomez de Alvaro
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Dunlop
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel Winnig
- AXXAM GmbH, Byk-Gulden Str.2, 78467 Constance, Germany
| | - Boris Klebansky
- BioPredict, Inc., 4 Adele Avenue, Demarest, NJ 07627, United States
| | - Daniel Waller
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, United Kingdom
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16
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Caniceiro AB, Bueschbell B, Schiedel AC, Moreira IS. Class A and C GPCR Dimers in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2081-2141. [PMID: 35339177 PMCID: PMC9886835 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220327221830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases affect over 30 million people worldwide with an ascending trend. Most individuals suffering from these irreversible brain damages belong to the elderly population, with onset between 50 and 60 years. Although the pathophysiology of such diseases is partially known, it remains unclear upon which point a disease turns degenerative. Moreover, current therapeutics can treat some of the symptoms but often have severe side effects and become less effective in long-term treatment. For many neurodegenerative diseases, the involvement of G proteincoupled receptors (GPCRs), which are key players of neuronal transmission and plasticity, has become clearer and holds great promise in elucidating their biological mechanism. With this review, we introduce and summarize class A and class C GPCRs, known to form heterodimers or oligomers to increase their signalling repertoire. Additionally, the examples discussed here were shown to display relevant alterations in brain signalling and had already been associated with the pathophysiology of certain neurodegenerative diseases. Lastly, we classified the heterodimers into two categories of crosstalk, positive or negative, for which there is known evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Caniceiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; ,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Beatriz Bueschbell
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; ,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Anke C. Schiedel
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Irina S. Moreira
- University of Coimbra, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; ,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal,Address correspondence to this author at the Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; E-mail:
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17
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Zhang YW, Mess J, Aizarani N, Mishra P, Johnson C, Romero-Mulero MC, Rettkowski J, Schönberger K, Obier N, Jäcklein K, Woessner NM, Lalioti ME, Velasco-Hernandez T, Sikora K, Wäsch R, Lehnertz B, Sauvageau G, Manke T, Menendez P, Walter SG, Minguet S, Laurenti E, Günther S, Grün D, Cabezas-Wallscheid N. Hyaluronic acid-GPRC5C signalling promotes dormancy in haematopoietic stem cells. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1038-1048. [PMID: 35725769 PMCID: PMC9276531 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00931-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are vital for lifelong maintenance of healthy haematopoiesis. In inbred mice housed in gnotobiotic facilities, the top of the haematopoietic hierarchy is occupied by dormant HSCs, which reversibly exit quiescence during stress. Whether HSC dormancy exists in humans remains debatable. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we show a continuous landscape of highly purified human bone marrow HSCs displaying varying degrees of dormancy. We identify the orphan receptor GPRC5C, which enriches for dormant human HSCs. GPRC5C is also essential for HSC function, as demonstrated by genetic loss- and gain-of-function analyses. Through structural modelling and biochemical assays, we show that hyaluronic acid, a bone marrow extracellular matrix component, preserves dormancy through GPRC5C. We identify the hyaluronic acid-GPRC5C signalling axis controlling the state of dormancy in mouse and human HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wei Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julian Mess
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School for Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadim Aizarani
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pankaj Mishra
- Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carys Johnson
- Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mari Carmen Romero-Mulero
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Rettkowski
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School for Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Schönberger
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Obier
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karin Jäcklein
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadine M Woessner
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School for Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Center BIOSS, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Talia Velasco-Hernandez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute-Campus Clinic and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Sikora
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Wäsch
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medical, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Lehnertz
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Guy Sauvageau
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Thomas Manke
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pablo Menendez
- Signalling Research Center BIOSS, Freiburg, Germany.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Network for Cancer Research (CIBER-ONC)-ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Susana Minguet
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Center BIOSS, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elisa Laurenti
- Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefan Günther
- Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Grün
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), Freiburg, Germany.,Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nina Cabezas-Wallscheid
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany. .,Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), Freiburg, Germany.
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18
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Liu J, Feng X, Wang Y, Xia X, Zheng JC. Astrocytes: GABAceptive and GABAergic Cells in the Brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:892497. [PMID: 35755777 PMCID: PMC9231434 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.892497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, the most numerous glial cells in the brain, play an important role in preserving normal neural functions and mediating the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. Recent studies have shown that astrocytes are GABAceptive and GABAergic astrocytes express GABAA receptors, GABAB receptors, and GABA transporter proteins to capture and internalize GABA. GABAceptive astrocytes thus influence both inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission by controlling the levels of extracellular GABA. Furthermore, astrocytes synthesize and release GABA to directly regulate brain functions. In this review, we highlight recent research progresses that support astrocytes as GABAceptive and GABAergic cells. We also summarize the roles of GABAceptive and GABAergic astrocytes that serve as an inhibitory node in the intercellular communication in the brain. Besides, we discuss future directions for further expanding our knowledge on the GABAceptive and GABAergic astrocyte signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanran Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Translational Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin C Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Endomembrane-Based Signaling by GPCRs and G-Proteins. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030528. [PMID: 35159337 PMCID: PMC8834376 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and G-proteins have a range of roles in many physiological and pathological processes and are among the most studied signaling proteins. A plethora of extracellular stimuli can activate the GPCR and can elicit distinct intracellular responses through the activation of specific transduction pathways. For many years, biologists thought that GPCR signaling occurred entirely on the plasma membrane. However, in recent decades, many lines of evidence have proved that the GPCRs and G-proteins may reside on endomembranes and can start or propagate signaling pathways through the organelles that form the secretory route. How these alternative intracellular signaling pathways of the GPCR and G-proteins influence the physiological and pathological function of the endomembranes is still under investigation. Here, we review the general role and classification of GPCRs and G-proteins with a focus on their signaling pathways in the membrane transport apparatus.
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20
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Li J, Wang W, Liu J, Li H, Zhang N, Yang F, Dong H, Sun X, Chen G, Fan Y, Guo Y, Liu Y. Human-like performance umami electrochemical biosensor by utilizing co-electrodeposition of ligand binding domain T1R1-VFT and Prussian blue. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 193:113627. [PMID: 34534889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, due to the desire for artificial umami flavors, apparatuses for detecting the umami taste have constantly been developed. Nevertheless, most information on umami is still acquired through human sensory assessment, which makes it difficult to establish an umami standard or quantify the umami flavor. In this study, the ligand binding domain called venus flytrap (VFT) domain of the umami taste receptor protein T1R1 was used as a recognition element, and an electrochemical biosensor based on a double-signal amplification strategy was constructed using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and Prussian blue (PB). Moreover, the umami taste of four representative umami substances, inosine-5'-monophosphate (IMP), monosodium L-glutamate (MSG), beefy meaty peptide (BMP), and sodium succinate (WSA), were successfully quantitatively measured using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at an electrochemical workstation. Based on an equation (S/N = 3), the low detection limits (LODs) of IMP, MSG, BMP, and WSA were 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, and 0.01 pM, respectively. Meanwhile, a normalized signal intensity of more than 90% was kept for 4 days. The results showed that the biosensor could be used to detect umami substances with high sensitivity and selectivity, and was shown to have human-like performance. To develop the T1R1-VFT biosensor using the above-mentioned method, we utilized the ligand binding domain of the human umami receptor, rather than the entire umami receptor protein, which had a complex structure, having the following advantages: volume reduction, simplicity, and stability. This method has great potential for the detection of umami tastes, instead of using sensory evaluation, and for the development of new artificial flavorings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansen Li
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, 255049, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, 255049, Shandong Province, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, 255049, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wenli Wang
- Department of Food Science&Technology, School of Agriculture&Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, 255049, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, 255049, Shandong Province, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, 255049, Shandong Province, China
| | - He Li
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, 255049, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, 255049, Shandong Province, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, 255049, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ninglong Zhang
- Department of Food Science&Technology, School of Agriculture&Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fengzhen Yang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, 255049, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, 255049, Shandong Province, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, 255049, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haowei Dong
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, 255049, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, 255049, Shandong Province, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, 255049, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xia Sun
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, 255049, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, 255049, Shandong Province, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, 255049, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gaole Chen
- Department of Food Science&Technology, School of Agriculture&Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuxia Fan
- Department of Food Science&Technology, School of Agriculture&Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yemin Guo
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, 255049, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, 255049, Shandong Province, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, 255049, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, 255049, Shandong Province, China; Department of Food Science&Technology, School of Agriculture&Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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21
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Jeong E, Kim Y, Jeong J, Cho Y. Structure of the class C orphan GPCR GPR158 in complex with RGS7-Gβ5. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6805. [PMID: 34815401 PMCID: PMC8611064 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR158, a class C orphan GPCR, functions in cognition, stress-induced mood control, and synaptic development. Among class C GPCRs, GPR158 is unique as it lacks a Venus flytrap-fold ligand-binding domain and terminates Gαi/o protein signaling through the RGS7-Gβ5 heterodimer. Here, we report the cryo-EM structures of GPR158 alone and in complex with one or two RGS7-Gβ5 heterodimers. GPR158 dimerizes through Per-Arnt-Sim-fold extracellular and transmembrane (TM) domains connected by an epidermal growth factor-like linker. The TM domain (TMD) reflects both inactive and active states of other class C GPCRs: a compact intracellular TMD, conformations of the two intracellular loops (ICLs) and the TMD interface formed by TM4/5. The ICL2, ICL3, TM3, and first helix of the cytoplasmic coiled-coil provide a platform for the DHEX domain of one RGS7 and the second helix recruits another RGS7. The unique features of the RGS7-binding site underlie the selectivity of GPR158 for RGS7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Jeong
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoojoong Kim
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihong Jeong
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunje Cho
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Budzinski J, Maschauer S, Kobayashi H, Couvineau P, Vogt H, Gmeiner P, Roggenhofer A, Prante O, Bouvier M, Weikert D. Bivalent ligands promote endosomal trafficking of the dopamine D3 receptor-neurotensin receptor 1 heterodimer. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1062. [PMID: 34508168 PMCID: PMC8433439 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bivalent ligands are composed of two pharmacophores connected by a spacer of variable size. These ligands are able to simultaneously recognize two binding sites, for example in a G protein-coupled receptor heterodimer, resulting in enhanced binding affinity. Taking advantage of previously described heterobivalent dopamine-neurotensin receptor ligands, we demonstrate specific interactions between dopamine D3 (D3R) and neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1), two receptors with expression in overlapping brain areas that are associated with neuropsychiatric diseases and addiction. Bivalent ligand binding to D3R-NTSR1 dimers results in picomolar binding affinity and high selectivity compared to the binding to monomeric receptors. Specificity of the ligands for the D3R-NTSR1 receptor pair over D2R-NTSR1 dimers can be achieved by a careful choice of the linker length. Bivalent ligands enhance and stabilize the receptor-receptor interaction leading to NTSR1-controlled internalization of D3R into endosomes via recruitment of β-arrestin, highlighting a potential mechanism for dimer-specific receptor trafficking and signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Budzinski
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Maschauer
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Pierre Couvineau
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Hannah Vogt
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Roggenhofer
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf Prante
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michel Bouvier
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Dorothee Weikert
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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23
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Chen M, Feng Z, Wang S, Lin W, Xie XQ. MCCS, a novel characterization method for protein-ligand complex. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:bbaa239. [PMID: 33051641 PMCID: PMC8293830 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Delineating the fingerprint or feature vector of a receptor/protein will facilitate the structural and biological studies, as well as the rational design and development of drugs with high affinities and selectivity. However, protein is complicated by its different functional regions that can bind to some of its protein partner(s), substrate(s), orthosteric ligand(s) or allosteric modulator(s) where cogent methods like molecular fingerprints do not work well. We here elaborate a scoring-function-based computing protocol Molecular Complex Characterizing System to help characterize the binding feature of protein-ligand complexes. Based on the reported receptor-ligand interactions, we first quantitate the energy contribution of each individual residue which may be an alternative of MD-based energy decomposition. We then construct a vector for the energy contribution to represent the pattern of the ligand recognition at a receptor and qualitatively analyze the matching level with other receptors. Finally, the energy contribution vector is explored for extensive use in similarity and clustering. The present work provides a new approach to cluster proteins, a perspective counterpart for determining the protein characteristics in the binding, and an advanced screening technique where molecular docking is applicable.
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24
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Zakaria NF, Hamid M, Khayat ME. Amino Acid-Induced Impairment of Insulin Signaling and Involvement of G-Protein Coupling Receptor. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072229. [PMID: 34209599 PMCID: PMC8308393 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are needed for general bodily function and well-being. Despite their importance, augmentation in their serum concentration is closely related to metabolic disorder, insulin resistance (IR), or worse, diabetes mellitus. Essential amino acids such as the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been heavily studied as a plausible biomarker or even a cause of IR. Although there is a long list of benefits, in subjects with abnormal amino acids profiles, some amino acids are correlated with a higher risk of IR. Metabolic dysfunction, upregulation of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, the gut microbiome, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, inflammation, and the collusion of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are among the indicators and causes of metabolic disorders generating from amino acids that contribute to IR and the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This review summarizes the current understanding of the true involvement of amino acids with IR. Additionally, the involvement of GPCRs in IR will be further discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fatini Zakaria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Muhajir Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Ezuan Khayat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence:
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25
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Nakagita T, Taketani C, Narukawa M, Hirokawa T, Kobayashi T, Misaka T. Ibuprofen, a Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug, is a Potent Inhibitor of the Human Sweet Taste Receptor. Chem Senses 2021; 45:667-673. [PMID: 32832995 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A sweet taste receptor is composed of heterodimeric G-protein-coupled receptors T1R2 and T1R3. Although there are many sweet tastants, only a few compounds have been reported as negative allosteric modulators (NAMs), such as lactisole, its structural derivative 2,4-DP, and gymnemic acid. In this study, candidates for NAMs of the sweet taste receptor were explored, focusing on the structural motif of lactisole. Ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has an α-methylacetic acid moiety, and this structure is also shared by lactisole and 2,4-DP. When ibuprofen was applied together with 1 mM aspartame to the cells that stably expressed the sweet taste receptor, it inhibited the receptor activity in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 value of ibuprofen against the human sweet taste receptor was calculated as approximately 12 μM, and it was almost equal to that of 2,4-DP, which is known as the most potent NAM for the receptor to date. On the other hand, when the inhibitory activities of other profens were examined, naproxen also showed relatively potent NAM activity against the receptor. The results from both mutant analysis for the transmembrane domain (TMD) of T1R3 and docking simulation strongly suggest that ibuprofen and naproxen interact with T1R3-TMD, similar to lactisole and 2,4-DP. However, although 2,4-DP and ibuprofen had almost the same inhibitory activities, these activities were acquired by filling different spaces of the ligand pocket of T1R3-TMD; this knowledge could lead to the rational design of a novel NAM against the sweet taste receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Nakagita
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Chiaki Taketani
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Narukawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Hirokawa
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayashi
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takumi Misaka
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Shaye H, Stauch B, Gati C, Cherezov V. Molecular mechanisms of metabotropic GABA B receptor function. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/22/eabg3362. [PMID: 34049877 PMCID: PMC8163086 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabotropic γ-aminobutyric acid G protein-coupled receptors (GABAB) represent one of the two main types of inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the brain. These receptors act both pre- and postsynaptically by modulating the transmission of neuronal signals and are involved in a range of neurological diseases, from alcohol addiction to epilepsy. A series of recent cryo-EM studies revealed critical details of the activation mechanism of GABAB Structures are now available for the receptor bound to ligands with different modes of action, including antagonists, agonists, and positive allosteric modulators, and captured in different conformational states from the inactive apo to the fully active state bound to a G protein. These discoveries provide comprehensive insights into the activation of the GABAB receptor, which not only broaden our understanding of its structure, pharmacology, and physiological effects but also will ultimately facilitate the discovery of new therapeutic drugs and neuromodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Shaye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Stauch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cornelius Gati
- Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Biosciences Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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27
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Smith NJ, Grant JN, Moon JI, So SS, Finch AM. Critically evaluating sweet taste receptor expression and signaling through a molecular pharmacology lens. FEBS J 2021; 288:2660-2672. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J. Smith
- Orphan Receptor Laboratory School of Medical Sciences UNSW Sydney Kensington Australia
| | - Jennifer N. Grant
- Orphan Receptor Laboratory School of Medical Sciences UNSW Sydney Kensington Australia
- G Protein‐Coupled Receptor Laboratory School of Medical Sciences UNSW Sydney Kensington Australia
| | - Justin I. Moon
- Orphan Receptor Laboratory School of Medical Sciences UNSW Sydney Kensington Australia
- G Protein‐Coupled Receptor Laboratory School of Medical Sciences UNSW Sydney Kensington Australia
| | - Sean S. So
- Orphan Receptor Laboratory School of Medical Sciences UNSW Sydney Kensington Australia
| | - Angela M. Finch
- G Protein‐Coupled Receptor Laboratory School of Medical Sciences UNSW Sydney Kensington Australia
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28
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Shen C, Mao C, Xu C, Jin N, Zhang H, Shen DD, Shen Q, Wang X, Hou T, Chen Z, Rondard P, Pin JP, Zhang Y, Liu J. Structural basis of GABA B receptor-G i protein coupling. Nature 2021; 594:594-598. [PMID: 33911284 PMCID: PMC8222003 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have central roles in intercellular communication1,2. Structural studies have revealed how GPCRs can activate G proteins. However, whether this mechanism is conserved among all classes of GPCR remains unknown. Here we report the structure of the class-C heterodimeric GABAB receptor, which is activated by the inhibitory transmitter GABA, in its active form complexed with Gi1 protein. We found that a single G protein interacts with the GB2 subunit of the GABAB receptor at a site that mainly involves intracellular loop 2 on the side of the transmembrane domain. This is in contrast to the G protein binding in a central cavity, as has been observed with other classes of GPCR. This binding mode results from the active form of the transmembrane domain of this GABAB receptor being different from that of other GPCRs, as it shows no outside movement of transmembrane helix 6. Our work also provides details of the inter- and intra-subunit changes that link agonist binding to G-protein activation in this heterodimeric complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cangsong Shen
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223ZJU-HUST Joint Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunyou Mao
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China ,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chanjuan Xu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223ZJU-HUST Joint Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China ,grid.508040.9Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Jin
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223ZJU-HUST Joint Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huibing Zhang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China ,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China ,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingya Shen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China ,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223ZJU-HUST Joint Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInnovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Philippe Rondard
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Yan Zhang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China ,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XMOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223ZJU-HUST Joint Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China ,grid.508040.9Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Structural Basis for Activation of the Heterodimeric GABAB Receptor. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5966-5984. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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30
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Insights into the Function and Evolution of Taste 1 Receptor Gene Family in the Carnivore Fish Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207732. [PMID: 33086689 PMCID: PMC7594079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A plethora of molecular and functional studies in tetrapods has led to the discovery of multiple taste 1 receptor (T1R) genes encoding G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) responsible for sweet (T1R2 + T1R3) and umami (T1R1 + T1R3) taste. In fish, the T1R gene family repertoires greatly expanded because of several T1R2 gene duplications, and recent studies have shown T1R2 functional divergence from canonical mammalian sweet taste perceptions, putatively as an adaptive mechanism to develop distinct feeding strategies in highly diverse aquatic habitats. We addressed this question in the carnivore fish gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), a model species of aquaculture interest, and found that the saT1R gene repertoire consists of eight members including saT1R1, saT1R3 and six saT1R2a-f gene duplicates, adding further evidence to the evolutionary complexity of fishT1Rs families. To analyze saT1R taste functions, we first developed a stable gene reporter system based on Ca2+-dependent calcineurin/NFAT signaling to examine specifically in vitro the responses of a subset of saT1R heterodimers to L-amino acids (L-AAs) and sweet ligands. We show that although differentially tuned in sensitivity and magnitude of responses, saT1R1/R3, saT1R2a/R3 and saT1R2b/R3 may equally serve to transduce amino acid taste sensations. Furthermore, we present preliminary information on the potential involvement of the Gi protein alpha subunits saGαi1 and saGαi2 in taste signal transduction.
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31
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Odoemelam CS, Percival B, Wallis H, Chang MW, Ahmad Z, Scholey D, Burton E, Williams IH, Kamerlin CL, Wilson PB. G-Protein coupled receptors: structure and function in drug discovery. RSC Adv 2020; 10:36337-36348. [PMID: 35517958 PMCID: PMC9057076 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08003a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) superfamily comprise similar proteins arranged into families or classes thus making it one of the largest in the mammalian genome. GPCRs take part in many vital physiological functions making them targets for numerous novel drugs. GPCRs share some distinctive features, such as the seven transmembrane domains, they also differ in the number of conserved residues in their transmembrane domain. Here we provide an introductory and accessible review detailing the computational advances in GPCR pharmacology and drug discovery. An overview is provided on family A-C GPCRs; their structural differences, GPCR signalling, allosteric binding and cooperativity. The dielectric constant (relative permittivity) of proteins is also discussed in the context of site-specific environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benita Percival
- Nottingham Trent University 50 Shakespeare St Nottingham NG1 4FQ UK
| | - Helen Wallis
- Nottingham Trent University 50 Shakespeare St Nottingham NG1 4FQ UK
| | - Ming-Wei Chang
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, University of Ulster Jordanstown Campus Newtownabbey BT37 0QB Northern Ireland UK
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- De Montfort University The Gateway Leicester LE1 9BH UK
| | - Dawn Scholey
- Nottingham Trent University 50 Shakespeare St Nottingham NG1 4FQ UK
| | - Emily Burton
- Nottingham Trent University 50 Shakespeare St Nottingham NG1 4FQ UK
| | - Ian H Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA1 7AY UK
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Zhang N, Wei X, Fan Y, Zhou X, Liu Y. Recent advances in development of biosensors for taste-related analyses. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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33
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GABA B receptor pas de deux: insights from high-resolution structures. Cell Res 2020; 30:631-632. [PMID: 32651455 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Evenseth LSM, Gabrielsen M, Sylte I. The GABA B Receptor-Structure, Ligand Binding and Drug Development. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133093. [PMID: 32646032 PMCID: PMC7411975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type B receptor (GABAB-R) belongs to class C of the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Together with the GABAA receptor, the receptor mediates the neurotransmission of GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). In recent decades, the receptor has been extensively studied with the intention being to understand pathophysiological roles, structural mechanisms and develop drugs. The dysfunction of the receptor is linked to a broad variety of disorders, including anxiety, depression, alcohol addiction, memory and cancer. Despite extensive efforts, few compounds are known to target the receptor, and only the agonist baclofen is approved for clinical use. The receptor is a mandatory heterodimer of the GABAB1 and GABAB2 subunits, and each subunit is composed of an extracellular Venus Flytrap domain (VFT) and a transmembrane domain of seven α-helices (7TM domain). In this review, we briefly present the existing knowledge about the receptor structure, activation and compounds targeting the receptor, emphasizing the role of the receptor in previous and future drug design and discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Samira Mari Evenseth
- Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mari Gabrielsen
- Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ingebrigt Sylte
- Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Abstract
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) stimulation of the metabotropic GABAB receptor results in prolonged inhibition of neurotransmission that is central to brain physiology1. GABAB belongs to the Family C of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which operate as dimers to relay synaptic neurotransmitter signals into a cellular response through the binding and activation of heterotrimeric G proteins2,3. GABAB, however, is unique in its function as an obligate heterodimer in which agonist binding and G protein activation take place on distinct subunits4,5. Here we show structures of heterodimeric and homodimeric full-length GABAB receptors. Complemented by cellular signaling assays and atomistic simulations, the structures reveal an essential role for the GABAB extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) in relaying structural transitions by ordering the linker connecting the extracellular ligand-binding domain to the transmembrane region. Furthermore, the ECL2 of both GABAB subunits caps and interacts with the hydrophilic head of a phospholipid occupying the extracellular half of the transmembrane domain, thereby providing a potentially crucial link between ligand binding and the receptor core that engages G protein. These results provide a starting framework to decipher mechanistic modes of signal transduction mediated by GABAB dimers and have important implications for rational drug design targeting these receptors.
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36
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Saikia S, Bordoloi M, Sarmah R. Established and In-trial GPCR Families in Clinical Trials: A Review for Target Selection. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:522-539. [PMID: 30394207 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666181105152439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The largest family of drug targets in clinical trials constitute of GPCRs (G-protein coupled receptors) which accounts for about 34% of FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approved drugs acting on 108 unique GPCRs. Factors such as readily identifiable conserved motif in structures, 127 orphan GPCRs despite various de-orphaning techniques, directed functional antibodies for validation as drug targets, etc. has widened their therapeutic windows. The availability of 44 crystal structures of unique receptors, unexplored non-olfactory GPCRs (encoded by 50% of the human genome) and 205 ligand receptor complexes now present a strong foundation for structure-based drug discovery and design. The growing impact of polypharmacology for complex diseases like schizophrenia, cancer etc. warrants the need for novel targets and considering the undiscriminating and selectivity of GPCRs, they can fulfill this purpose. Again, natural genetic variations within the human genome sometimes delude the therapeutic expectations of some drugs, resulting in medication response differences and ADRs (adverse drug reactions). Around ~30 billion US dollars are dumped annually for poor accounting of ADRs in the US alone. To curb such undesirable reactions, the knowledge of established and currently in clinical trials GPCRs families can offer huge understanding towards the drug designing prospects including "off-target" effects reducing economical resource and time. The druggability of GPCR protein families and critical roles played by them in complex diseases are explained. Class A, class B1, class C and class F are generally established family and GPCRs in phase I (19%), phase II(29%), phase III(52%) studies are also reviewed. From the phase I studies, frizzled receptors accounted for the highest in trial targets, neuropeptides in phase II and melanocortin in phase III studies. Also, the bioapplications for nanoparticles along with future prospects for both nanomedicine and GPCR drug industry are discussed. Further, the use of computational techniques and methods employed for different target validations are also reviewed along with their future potential for the GPCR based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surovi Saikia
- Natural Products Chemistry Group, CSIR North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India
| | - Manobjyoti Bordoloi
- Natural Products Chemistry Group, CSIR North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India
| | - Rajeev Sarmah
- Allied Health Sciences, Assam Down Town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati 781026, Assam, India
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Pluimer BR, Colt M, Zhao Z. G Protein-Coupled Receptors in the Mammalian Blood-Brain Barrier. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:139. [PMID: 32581715 PMCID: PMC7283493 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian neurovascular unit (NVU) is comprised of neurons, glia, and vascular cells. The NVU is the nexus between the cardiovascular and central nervous system (CNS). The central component of the NVU is the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which consists of a monolayer of tightly connected endothelial cells covered by pericytes and further surrounded by astrocytic endfeet. In addition to preventing the diffusion of toxic species into the CNS, the BBB endothelium serves as a dynamic regulatory system facilitating the transport of molecules from the bloodstream to the brain and vis versa. The structural integrity and transport functions of the BBB are maintained, in part, by an orchestra of membrane receptors and transporters including members of the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here, we provide an overview of GPCRs known to regulate mammalian BBB structure and function and discuss how dysregulation of these pathways plays a role in various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock R. Pluimer
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mark Colt
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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38
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Evenseth LSM, Ocello R, Gabrielsen M, Masetti M, Recanatini M, Sylte I, Cavalli A. Exploring Conformational Dynamics of the Extracellular Venus flytrap Domain of the GABA B Receptor: A Path-Metadynamics Study. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:2294-2303. [PMID: 32233432 PMCID: PMC7997371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Dysfunctional GABAergic neurotransmission is associated with numerous neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. The GABAB receptor (GABAB-R) is a heterodimeric class C G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) comprised of GABAB1a/b and GABAB2 subunits. The orthosteric binding site for GABA is located in the extracellular Venus flytrap (VFT) domain of the GABAB1a/b. Knowledge about molecular mechanisms and druggable receptor conformations associated with activation is highly important to understand the receptor function and for rational drug design. Currently, the conformational changes of the receptor upon activation are not well described. On the basis of other class C members, the VFT is proposed to fluctuate between an open/inactive and closed/active state and one of these conformations is stabilized upon ligand binding. In the present study, we investigated the dynamics of the GABAB1b-R VFT in the apo form by combining unbiased molecular dynamics with path-metadynamics. Our simulations confirmed the open/inactive and closed/active state as the main conformations adopted by the receptor. Sizeable energy barriers were found between stable minima, suggesting a relatively slow interconversion. Previously undisclosed metastable states were also identified, which might hold potential for future drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn S. M. Evenseth
- Molecular
Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty
of Health Sciences, UiT—The Arctic
University of Norway, NO-9037Tromsø, Norway
| | - Riccardo Ocello
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater
Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- CompuNet, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Via Morego
30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Mari Gabrielsen
- Molecular
Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty
of Health Sciences, UiT—The Arctic
University of Norway, NO-9037Tromsø, Norway
| | - Matteo Masetti
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater
Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Recanatini
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater
Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ingebrigt Sylte
- Molecular
Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty
of Health Sciences, UiT—The Arctic
University of Norway, NO-9037Tromsø, Norway
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater
Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- CompuNet, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Via Morego
30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
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39
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FET-based nanobiosensors for the detection of smell and taste. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:1159-1167. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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40
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Structural basis for adhesion G protein-coupled receptor Gpr126 function. Nat Commun 2020; 11:194. [PMID: 31924782 PMCID: PMC6954182 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many drugs target the extracellular regions (ECRs) of cell-surface receptors. The large and alternatively-spliced ECRs of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) have key functions in diverse biological processes including neurodevelopment, embryogenesis, and tumorigenesis. However, their structures and mechanisms of action remain unclear, hampering drug development. The aGPCR Gpr126/Adgrg6 regulates Schwann cell myelination, ear canal formation, and heart development; and GPR126 mutations cause myelination defects in human. Here, we determine the structure of the complete zebrafish Gpr126 ECR and reveal five domains including a previously unknown domain. Strikingly, the Gpr126 ECR adopts a closed conformation that is stabilized by an alternatively spliced linker and a conserved calcium-binding site. Alternative splicing regulates ECR conformation and receptor signaling, while mutagenesis of the calcium-binding site abolishes Gpr126 function in vivo. These results demonstrate that Gpr126 ECR utilizes a multi-faceted dynamic approach to regulate receptor function and provide relevant insights for ECR-targeted drug design. The extracellular regions (ECRs) of adhesion GPCRs have diverse biological functions, but their structures and mechanisms of action remain unclear. Here, the authors solve the ECR structure of the Gpr126 receptor and show that ECR conformation and signaling functions are regulated by alternative splicing.
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41
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Srivastava A, Das B, Yao AY, Yan R. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease Synaptic Dysfunction: Therapeutic Opportunities and Hope for the Future. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:1345-1361. [PMID: 33325389 PMCID: PMC8439550 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The impaired synaptic plasticity and dendritic loss at the synaptic level is an early event associated with the AD pathogenesis. The abnormal accumulation of soluble oligomeric amyloid-β (Aβ), the major toxic component in amyloid plaques, is viewed to trigger synaptic dysfunctions through binding to several presynaptic and postsynaptic partners and thus to disrupt synaptic transmission. Over time, the abnormalities in neural transmission will result in cognitive deficits, which are commonly manifested as memory loss in AD patients. Synaptic plasticity is regulated through glutamate transmission, which is mediated by various glutamate receptors. Here we review recent progresses in the study of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in AD cognition. We will discuss the role of mGluRs in synaptic plasticity and their modulation as a possible strategy for AD cognitive improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akriti Srivastava
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Brati Das
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Annie Y. Yao
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Riqiang Yan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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42
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Reinecke BA, Wang H, Zhang Y. Recent Advances in the Drug Discovery and Development of Dualsteric/ Bitopic Activators of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2378-2392. [PMID: 31833462 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191009164609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of proteins targeted by drug design and discovery efforts. Of these efforts, the development of GPCR agonists is highly desirable, due to their therapeutic robust utility in treating diseases caused by deficient receptor signaling. One of the challenges in designing potent and selective GPCR agonists lies in the inability to achieve combined high binding affinity and subtype selectivity, due to the high homology between orthosteric sites among GPCR subtypes. To combat this difficulty, researchers have begun to explore the utility of targeting topographically distinct and less conserved binding sites, namely "allosteric" sites. Pursuing these sites offers the benefit of achieving high subtype selectivity, however, it also can result in a decreased binding affinity and potency as compared to orthosteric agonists. Therefore, bitopic ligands comprised of an orthosteric agonist and an allosteric modulator connected by a spacer and allowing binding with both the orthosteric and allosteric sites within one receptor, have been developed. It may combine the high subtype selectivity of an allosteric modulator with the high binding affinity of an orthosteric agonist and provides desired advantages over orthosteric agonists or allosteric modulators alone. Herein, we review the recent advances in the development of bitopic agonists/activators for various GPCR targets and their novel therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany A Reinecke
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Huiqun Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
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43
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Chen ANY, Hellyer SD, Trinh PNH, Leach K, Gregory KJ. Identification of monellin as the first naturally derived proteinaceous allosteric agonist of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 126 Suppl 6:104-115. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy N. Y. Chen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology Monash University Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Shane D. Hellyer
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology Monash University Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Phuc N. H. Trinh
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology Monash University Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Katie Leach
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology Monash University Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Karen J. Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology Monash University Parkville Victoria Australia
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44
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Park J, Selvam B, Sanematsu K, Shigemura N, Shukla D, Procko E. Structural architecture of a dimeric class C GPCR based on co-trafficking of sweet taste receptor subunits. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:4759-4774. [PMID: 30723160 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Class C G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are obligatory dimers that are particularly important for neuronal responses to endogenous and environmental stimuli. Ligand recognition through large extracellular domains leads to the reorganization of transmembrane regions to activate G protein signaling. Although structures of individual domains are known, the complete architecture of a class C GPCR and the mechanism of interdomain coupling during receptor activation are unclear. By screening a mutagenesis library of the human class C sweet taste receptor subunit T1R2, we enhanced surface expression and identified a dibasic intracellular retention motif that modulates surface expression and co-trafficking with its heterodimeric partner T1R3. Using a highly expressed T1R2 variant, dimerization sites along the entire subunit within all the structural domains were identified by a comprehensive mutational scan for co-trafficking with T1R3 in human cells. The data further reveal that the C terminus of the extracellular cysteine-rich domain needs to be properly folded for T1R3 dimerization and co-trafficking, but not for surface expression of T1R2 alone. These results guided the modeling of the T1R2-T1R3 dimer in living cells, which predicts a twisted arrangement of domains around the central axis, and a continuous folded structure between transmembrane domain loops and the cysteine-rich domains. These insights have implications for how conformational changes between domains are coupled within class C GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Park
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and
| | - Balaji Selvam
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 and
| | - Keisuke Sanematsu
- the Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, and.,the Division of Sensory Physiology-Medical Application Sensing, Research and Development Center for Five-Sense Devices, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Noriatsu Shigemura
- the Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, and.,the Division of Sensory Physiology-Medical Application Sensing, Research and Development Center for Five-Sense Devices, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Diwakar Shukla
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 and
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45
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Kwon OS, Song HS, Park TH, Jang J. Conducting Nanomaterial Sensor Using Natural Receptors. Chem Rev 2018; 119:36-93. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oh Seok Kwon
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Nanobiotechnology and Bioinformatics (Major), University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Song
- Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jyongsik Jang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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46
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High-performance bioelectronic tongue using ligand binding domain T1R1 VFT for umami taste detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:628-636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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47
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The Heptahelical Domain of the Sweet Taste Receptor T1R2 Is a New Allosteric Binding Site for the Sweet Taste Modulator Amiloride That Modulates Sweet Taste in a Species-Dependent Manner. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:207-213. [PMID: 30120716 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The activity of sweet taste receptor (heterodimeric T1R2 and T1R3) can be modulated by sweet regulators. The compound amiloride can inhibit the sweet sensitivity of the human sweet taste receptor. This study describes the species-dependent regulation of the response of sweet taste receptors by this sweet inhibitor. Amiloride inhibited the sweet taste response of humans and mice but not that of squirrel monkeys. Using human/squirrel monkey/mouse chimeric T1R2 and T1R3 receptors as well as the agonist perillartine (which can activate the single heptahelical domain of T1R2), we found that the heptahelical domain of T1R2 is the molecular determinant that mediates the species-dependent sensitivity to this sweet regulator. Compared to the sweet inhibitor lactisole (which acts on T1R3), amiloride has a different allosteric binding site on the sweet receptor, which is important new information for the design of novel sweet taste modulators that act on T1R2.
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48
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Wang J, Wang Z, Liu R, Shuai L, Wang X, Luo J, Wang C, Chen W, Wang X, Ge J, He X, Wen Z, Bu Z. Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 2 is a cellular receptor for rabies virus. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007189. [PMID: 30028877 PMCID: PMC6070288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies virus (RABV) invades the central nervous system and nearly always causes fatal disease in humans. How RABV interacts with host neuron membrane receptors to become internalized and cause rabid symptoms is not yet fully understood. Here, we identified a novel receptor of RABV, which RABV uses to infect neurons. We found that metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 2 (mGluR2), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family that is abundant in the central nervous system, directly interacts with RABV glycoprotein to mediate virus entry. RABV infection was drastically decreased after mGluR2 siRNA knock-down in cells. Antibodies to mGluR2 blocked RABV infection in cells in vitro. Moreover, mGluR2 ectodomain soluble protein neutralized the infectivity of RABV cell-adapted strains and a street strain in cells (in vitro) and in mice (in vivo). We further found that RABV and mGluR2 are internalized into cells and transported to early and late endosomes together. These results suggest that mGluR2 is a functional cellular entry receptor for RABV. Our findings may open a door to explore and understand the neuropathogenesis of rabies. Rabies virus (RABV) invades the central nervous system and nearly always causes fatal disease in humans. How RABV interacts with host neuron membrane receptors to become internalized and cause rabid symptoms is not yet fully understood. Here, we identified metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 2 (mGluR2) as a novel cellular RABV receptor for host cell entry. mGluR2 directly interacts with RABV G protein and both proteins are internalized together. Our findings may open a door to explore the fundamental molecular mechanisms for rabies neuropathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Zilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Renqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Lei Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Weiye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jinying Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xijun He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (ZB); (ZW)
| | - Zhigao Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (ZB); (ZW)
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49
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Pan M, Neilson MP, Grunfeld AM, Cruz P, Wen X, Insall RH, Jin T. A G-protein-coupled chemoattractant receptor recognizes lipopolysaccharide for bacterial phagocytosis. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2005754. [PMID: 29799847 PMCID: PMC5969738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytes locate microorganisms via chemotaxis and then consume them using phagocytosis. Dictyostelium amoebas are stereotypical phagocytes that prey on diverse bacteria using both processes. However, as typical phagocytic receptors, such as complement receptors or Fcγ receptors, have not been found in Dictyostelium, it remains mysterious how these cells recognize bacteria. Here, we show that a single G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), folic acid receptor 1 (fAR1), simultaneously recognizes the chemoattractant folate and the phagocytic cue lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of bacterial surfaces. Cells lacking fAR1 or its cognate G-proteins are defective in chemotaxis toward folate and phagocytosis of Klebsiella aerogenes. Computational simulations combined with experiments show that responses associated with chemotaxis can also promote engulfment of particles coated with chemoattractants. Finally, the extracellular Venus-Flytrap (VFT) domain of fAR1 acts as the binding site for both folate and LPS. Thus, fAR1 represents a new member of the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and mediates signaling from both bacterial surfaces and diffusible chemoattractants to reorganize actin for chemotaxis and phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Pan
- Chemotaxis Signal Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Alexander M. Grunfeld
- Chemotaxis Signal Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Phillip Cruz
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xi Wen
- Chemotaxis Signal Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Tian Jin
- Chemotaxis Signal Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
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50
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Pi M, Kapoor K, Ye R, Smith JC, Baudry J, Quarles LD. GPCR6A Is a Molecular Target for the Natural Products Gallate and EGCG in Green Tea. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700770. [PMID: 29468843 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The molecular mechanisms whereby gallates in green tea exert metabolic effects are poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that GPRC6A, a multi-ligand-sensing G-protein-coupled receptor that regulates energy metabolism, sex hormone production, and prostate cancer progression, is a target for gallates. Sodium gallate (SG), gallic acid (GA) > ethyl gallate (EG) > octyl gallate (OG) dose dependently activated ERK in HEK-293 cells transfected with GPRC6A but not in non-transfected controls. SG also stimulated insulin secretion in β-cells isolated from wild-type mice similar to the endogenous GPRC6A ligands, osteocalcin (Ocn) and testosterone (T). Side-chain additions to create OG resulted in loss of GPRC6A agonist activity. Another component of green tea, epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), dose-dependently inhibited Ocn activation of GPRC6A in HEK-293 cells transfected with GPRC6A and blocked the effect of Ocn in stimulating glucose production in CH10T1/2 cells. Using structural models of the venus fly trap (VFT) and 7-transmembrane (7-TM) domains of GPRC6A, calculations suggest that l-amino acids and GA bind to the VFT, whereas EGCG is calculated to bind to sites in both the VFT and 7-TM. CONCLUSION GA and EGCG have offsetting agonist and antagonist effects on GPRC6A that may account for the variable metabolic effect of green tea consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Pi
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 S Manassas St., Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Karan Kapoor
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Ruisong Ye
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 S Manassas St., Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Jeremy C Smith
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jerome Baudry
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Leigh D Quarles
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 S Manassas St., Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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