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Ma Q, Xin J, Peng Q, Li N, Sun S, Hou H, Ma G, Wang N, Zhang L, Tam KY, Dussmann H, Prehn JHM, Wang H, Ying Z. UBQLN2 and HSP70 participate in Parkin-mediated mitophagy by facilitating outer mitochondrial membrane rupture. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55859. [PMID: 37501540 PMCID: PMC10481660 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are two aging-related neurodegenerative diseases that share common key features, including aggregation of pathogenic proteins, dysfunction of mitochondria, and impairment of autophagy. Mutations in ubiquilin 2 (UBQLN2), a shuttle protein in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), can cause ALS/FTD, but the mechanism underlying UBQLN2-mediated pathogenesis is still uncertain. Recent studies indicate that mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy which is crucial for mitochondrial quality control, is tightly associated with neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ALS. In this study, we show that after Parkin-dependent ubiquitination of damaged mitochondria, UBQLN2 is recruited to poly-ubiquitinated mitochondria through the UBA domain. UBQLN2 cooperates with the chaperone HSP70 to promote UPS-driven degradation of outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) proteins. The resulting rupture of the OMM triggers the autophagosomal recognition of the inner mitochondrial membrane receptor PHB2. UBQLN2 is required for Parkin-mediated mitophagy and neuronal survival upon mitochondrial damage, and the ALS/FTD pathogenic mutations in UBQLN2 impair mitophagy in primary cultured neurons. Taken together, our findings link dysfunctional mitophagy to UBQLN2-mediated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilian Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics and FUTURE‐NEURO Research CentreRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Jiaqi Xin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Qiang Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Ningning Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Shan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacauChina
| | - Hongyu Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Guoqiang Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Nana Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Kin Yip Tam
- Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacauChina
| | - Heiko Dussmann
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics and FUTURE‐NEURO Research CentreRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Jochen HM Prehn
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics and FUTURE‐NEURO Research CentreRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Hongfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Zheng Ying
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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2
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Sun S, Hou H, Ma G, Ma Q, Li N, Zhang L, Dong C, Cao M, Tam KY, Ying Z, Wang H. The interaction between E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin and mitophagy receptor PHB2 links inner mitochondrial membrane ubiquitination to efficient mitophagy. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102704. [PMID: 36379251 PMCID: PMC9763867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The autophagic clearance of mitochondria has been defined as mitophagy, which is triggered by mitochondrial damage and serves as a major pathway for mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular quality control. PINK1 and Parkin-mediated mitophagy is the most extensively studied form of mitophagy, which has been linked to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The current paradigm of this particular mitophagy pathway is that the ubiquitination of the outer mitochondrial membrane is the key step to enable the recognition of damaged mitochondria by the core autophagic component autophagosome. However, whether the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) is ubiquitinated by Parkin and its contribution to sufficient mitophagy remain unclear. Here, using molecular, cellular, and biochemical approaches, we report that prohibitin 2 (PHB2), an essential IMM receptor for mitophagy, is ubiquitinated by Parkin and thereby gains higher affinity to the autophagosome during mitophagy. Our findings suggest that Parkin directly binds to PHB2 through its RING1 domain and promotes K11- and K33-linked ubiquitination on K142/K200 sites of PHB2, thereby enhancing the interaction between PHB2 and MAP1LC3B/LC3B. Interestingly and importantly, our study allows us to propose a novel model in which IMM protein PHB2 serves as both a receptor and a ubiquitin-mediated base for autophagosome recruitment to ensure efficient mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Hongyu Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qilian Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ningning Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunsheng Dong
- Insititutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mian Cao
- Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kin Yip Tam
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Zheng Ying
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China..
| | - Hongfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China..
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Li N, Sun S, Ma G, Hou H, Ma Q, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Wang H, Ying Z. Gefitinib facilitates PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy by enhancing mitochondrial recruitment of OPTN. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 2:807-816. [PMID: 38933121 PMCID: PMC11197598 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2021.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gefitinib, a well-known epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the targeted therapy of lung cancer, induces autophagy in association with drug resistance. However, it remains unclear whether gefitinib treatment can affect the selective form of autophagy (i.e., mitophagy) and be beneficial for the treatment of human diseases with decreased autophagy, such as neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we show that gefitinib treatment promotes PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in both nonneuronal and neuronal cells, and this effect is independent of EGFR. Moreover, we found that gefitinib treatment increases the recruitment of the autophagy receptor optineurin (OPTN) to damaged mitochondria, which is a downstream signaling event in PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. In addition, gefitinib treatment significantly alleviated neuronal damage in TBK1-deficient neurons, resulting in impeded mitophagy. In conclusion, our study suggests that gefitinib promotes PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy via OPTN and may be beneficial for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases that are associated with defective mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Guoqiang Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Hongyu Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qilian Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Zengli Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Hongfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zheng Ying
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunology: A Role for Melatonin in This New Paradigm. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154888. [PMID: 35956837 PMCID: PMC9370109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology is the area of study of the intimate relationship between immune, physical, emotional, and psychological aspects. This new way of studying the human body and its diseases was initiated in the last century’s first decades. However, the molecules that participate in the communication between the immune, endocrine, and neurological systems are still being discovered. This paper aims to describe the development of psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology, its scopes, limitations in actual medicine, and the extent of melatonin within it.
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DJ-1 inhibits microglial activation and protects dopaminergic neurons in vitro and in vivo through interacting with microglial p65. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:715. [PMID: 34274951 PMCID: PMC8286256 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). DJ-1 acts essential roles in neuronal protection and anti-neuroinflammatory response, and its loss of function is tightly associated with a familial recessive form of PD. However, the molecular mechanism of DJ-1 involved in neuroinflammation is largely unclear. Here, we found that wild-type DJ-1, rather than the pathogenic L166P mutant DJ-1, directly binds to the subunit p65 of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the cytoplasm, and loss of DJ-1 promotes p65 nuclear translocation by facilitating the dissociation between p65 and NF-κB inhibitor α (IκBα). DJ-1 knockout (DJ-1-/-) mice exhibit more microglial activation compared with wild-type littermate controls, especially in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. In cellular models, knockdown of DJ-1 significantly upregulates the gene expression and increases the release of LPS-treated inflammatory cytokines in primary microglia and BV2 cells. Furthermore, DJ-1 deficiency in microglia significantly enhances the neuronal toxicity in response to LPS stimulus. In addition, pharmacological blockage of NF-κB nuclear translocation by SN-50 prevents microglial activation and alleviates the damage of DA neurons induced by microglial DJ-1 deficiency in vivo and in vitro. Thus, our data illustrate a novel mechanism by which DJ-1 facilitates the interaction between IκBα and p65 by binding to p65 in microglia, and thus repressing microglial activation and exhibiting the protection of DA neurons from neuroinflammation-mediated injury in PD.
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Guo D, Zhu Y, Wang H, Wang G, Wang C, Ren H. E3 ubiquitin ligase HRD1 modulates the circadian clock through regulation of BMAL1 stability. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2639-2648. [PMID: 32765757 PMCID: PMC7401958 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm serves an essential role in numerous physiological functions. Circadian oscillations are organized by circadian clock components at the molecular level. The precision of the circadian clock is controlled by transcriptional-translational negative feedback loops, as well as post-translational modifications of clock proteins, including ubiquitination; however, the influence of E3 ligases on clock protein ubiquitination requires further investigation. The results of co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent localization, indicated that the endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase HRD1, encoded by the synoviolin 1 gene, interacted with brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1) and enhanced BMAL1 protein ubiquitination. In addition, the results of western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR suggested that HRD1 promoted K48-associated polyubiquitination of BMAL1 and thus mediated its degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Furthermore, gene knockdown and gene overexpression assays revealed that HRD1-dependent degradation of BMAL1 protein regulated the expression of BMAL1 target genes and the amplitude of circadian oscillations in mammalian cells. The findings of the current study indicate that HRD1 may influence the regulation of circadian rhythm via modulation of BMAL1 stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongkai Guo
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215153, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Hongfeng Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215153, P.R. China
| | - Haigang Ren
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215153, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
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7
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Maitra S, Bhattacharya D, Das S, Bhattacharya S. Melatonin and its anti-glioma functions: a comprehensive review. Rev Neurosci 2020; 30:527-541. [PMID: 30645197 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a naturally synthesized hormone secreted from the pineal gland in a variety of animals and is primarily involved in the regulation of the circadian rhythm, which is the natural cycle controlling sleep in organisms. Melatonin acts on specific receptors and has an important role in overall energy metabolism. This review encompasses several aspects of melatonin activity, such as synthesis, source, structure, distribution, function, signaling and its role in normal physiology. The review highlights the cellular signaling and messenger systems involved in melatonin's action on the body and their wider implications, the distribution and diverse action of different melatonin receptors in specific areas of the brain, and the pharmacological agonists and antagonists that have specific action on these melatonin receptors. This review also incorporates the antitumor effects of melatonin in considerable detail, emphasizing on melatonin's role as an adjuvant therapeutic agent in glioma treatment. We conclude that the diminishing levels of melatonin have significant debilitating effects on normal physiology and can also be associated with malignant conditions such as glioma. Based on the review of the available evidence, our study provides a broad platform for a better understanding of the specific roles of melatonin and serves as a starting point for further investigation into the therapeutic effect of melatonin in glioma as an adjuvant therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Maitra
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Institute of Pharmacy, Jalpaiguri 735101, Govt. of West Bengal, India
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Stabak Das
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Institute of Pharmacy, Jalpaiguri 735101, Govt. of West Bengal, India
| | - Subhrajit Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology, Rollins Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Cliffton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30303-3073, USA
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Ma N, Zhang J, Reiter RJ, Ma X. Melatonin mediates mucosal immune cells, microbial metabolism, and rhythm crosstalk: A therapeutic target to reduce intestinal inflammation. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:606-632. [PMID: 31420885 DOI: 10.1002/med.21628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, melatonin, previously considered only as a pharmaceutical product for rhythm regulation and sleep aiding, has shown its potential as a co-adjuvant treatment in intestinal diseases, however, its mechanism is still not very clear. A firm connection between melatonin at a physiologically relevant concentration and the gut microbiota and inflammation has recently established. Herein, we summarize their crosstalk and focus on four novelties. First, how melatonin is synthesized and degraded in the gut and exerts potentially diverse phenotypic effects through its diverse metabolites. Second, how melatonin mediates the activation and proliferation of intestinal mucosal immune cells with paracrine and autocrine properties. By modulating T/B cells, mast cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, melatonin immunomodulatory involved in regulating T-cell differentiation, intervening T/B cell interaction and attenuating the production of pro-inflammatory factors, achieving its antioxidant action via specific receptors. Third, how melatonin exerts antimicrobial action and modulates microbial components, such as lipopolysaccharide, amyloid-β peptides via nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) or signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT1) pathway to modulate intestinal immune function in immune-pineal axis. The last, how melatonin mediates the effect of intestinal bacterial activity signals on the body rhythm system through the NF-κB pathway and influences the mucosal epithelium oscillation via clock gene expression. These processes are achieved at mitochondrial and nuclear levels to control the host immune cell development. Considering unclear mechanisms and undiscovered actions of melatonin in gut-microbiome-immune axis, it's time to reveal them and provide new insight for the outlook of melatonin as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment and management of intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Wang R, Xu X, Hao Z, Zhang S, Wu D, Sun H, Mu C, Ren H, Wang G. Poly-PR in C9ORF72-Related Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Frontotemporal Dementia Causes Neurotoxicity by Clathrin-Dependent Endocytosis. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:889-900. [PMID: 31148094 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
GGGGCC repeat expansions in the C9ORF72 gene are the most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (c9ALS/FTD). It has been reported that hexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9ORF72 produce five dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins by an unconventional repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation. Within the five DPR proteins, poly-PR and poly-GR that contain arginine are more toxic than the other DPRs (poly-GA, poly-GP, and poly-PA). Here, we demonstrated that poly-PR peptides transferred into cells by endocytosis in a clathrin-dependent manner, leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell death. In SH-SY5Y cells and primary cortical neurons, poly-PR activated JUN amino-terminal kinase (JNK) and increased the levels of p53 and Bax. The uptake of poly-PR peptides by cells was significantly inhibited by knockdown of clathrin or by chlorpromazine, an inhibitor that blocks clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Inhibition of clathrin-dependent endocytosis by chlorpromazine significantly blocked the transfer of poly-PR peptides into cells, and attenuated poly-PR-induced JNK activation and cell death. Our data revealed that the uptake of poly-PR undergoes clathrin-dependent endocytosis and blockade of this process prevents the toxic effects of synthetic poly-PR peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xingyun Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zongbing Hao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hongyang Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chenchen Mu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Haigang Ren
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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