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Wang L, Lu D, Wang X, Wang Z, Li W, Chen G. The effects of nitric oxide in Alzheimer's disease. Med Gas Res 2024; 14:186-191. [PMID: 39073326 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.385939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent cause of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that commences subtly and inexorably worsens over time. Despite considerable research, a specific drug that can fully cure or effectively halt the progression of AD remains elusive. Nitric oxide (NO), a crucial signaling molecule in the nervous system, is intimately associated with hallmark pathological changes in AD, such as amyloid-beta deposition and tau phosphorylation. Several therapeutic strategies for AD operate through the nitric oxide synthase/NO system. However, the potential neurotoxicity of NO introduces an element of controversy regarding its therapeutic utility in AD. This review focuses on research findings concerning NO's role in experimental AD and its underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we have proposed directions for future research based on our current comprehension of this critical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dengfeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zongqi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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2
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Yang J, Yu B, Zheng J. Natural herbal extract roles and mechanisms in treating cerebral ischemia: A systematic review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1424146. [PMID: 39156109 PMCID: PMC11327066 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1424146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke has been the focus of medical research due to its serious consequences and sequelae. Among the tens of millions of new stroke patients every year, cerebral ischemia patients account for the vast majority. While cerebral ischemia drug research and development is still ongoing, most drugs are terminated at preclinical stages due to their unacceptable toxic side effects. In recent years, natural herbs have received considerable attention in the pharmaceutical research and development field due to their low toxicity levels. Numerous studies have shown that natural herbs exert actions that cannot be ignored when treating cerebral ischemia. Methods We reviewed and summarized the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of different natural herbal extracts on cerebral ischemia to promote their application in this field. We used keywords such as "natural herbal extract," "herbal medicine," "Chinese herbal medicine" and "cerebral ischemia" to comprehensively search PubMed, ScienceDirect, ScienceNet, CNKI, and Wanfang databases, after which we conducted a detailed screening and review strategy. Results We included 120 high-quality studies up to 10 January 2024. Natural herbal extracts had significant roles in cerebral ischemia treatments via several molecular mechanisms, such as improving regional blood flow disorders, protecting the blood-brain barrier, and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Conclusion Natural herbal extracts are represented by low toxicity and high curative effects, and will become indispensable therapeutic options in the cerebral ischemia treatment field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Guo P, Wang W, Liang Z, Li Y, Ou X, Li M, Wang B, Wei X, Huang L, Qi S. Disintegration of Cav-1/β-catenin complex attenuates neuronal death after ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting β-catenin nuclear translocation. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:829. [PMID: 39037581 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09798-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roles of Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury are well established. The translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus is critical for regulating neuronal apoptosis, repair, and neurogenesis within the ischemic brain. It has been reported that the scaffold domain of Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) (residues 95-98) interacts with β-catenin (residues 330-337). However, the specific contribution of the Cav-1/β-catenin complex to I/R injury remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate the mechanism underlying the involvement of the Cav-1/β-catenin complex in the subcellular translocation of β-catenin and its subsequent effects on cerebral I/R injury, we treated ischemic brains with ASON (Cav-1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides) or FTVT (a competitive peptide antagonist of the Cav-1 and β-catenin interaction). Our study demonstrated that the binding of Cav-1 to β-catenin following I/R injury prevented the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. Treatment with ASON or FTVT after I/R injury significantly increased the levels of nuclear β-catenin. Furthermore, ASON reduced the phosphorylation of β-catenin at Ser33, Ser37, and Thr41, which contributes to its proteasomal degradation, while FTVT increased phosphorylation at Tyr333, which is associated with its nuclear translocation. CONCLUSIONS The above results indicate that the formation of the Cav-1/β-catenin complex anchors β-catenin in the cytoplasm following I/R injury. Additionally, both ASON and FTVT treatments attenuated neuronal death in ischemic brains. Our study suggests that targeting the interaction between Cav-1 and β-catenin serve as a novel therapeutic strategy to protect against neuronal damage during cerebral injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jinhu County People's Hospital, Huai'an, 211600, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Wang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Technology School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyan Liang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Technology School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihang Li
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangling Ou
- Affiliated Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Technology School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewen Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Municipal First People's Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyan Huang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Technology School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Suhua Qi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jinhu County People's Hospital, Huai'an, 211600, People's Republic of China.
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Technology School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China.
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China.
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Wang X, Yu Z, Dong F, Li J, Niu P, Ta Q, Kan J, Ma C, Han M, Yu J, Zhao D, Li J. Clarifying the mechanism of apigenin against blood-brain barrier disruption in ischemic stroke using systems pharmacology. Mol Divers 2024; 28:609-630. [PMID: 36949297 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Currently, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is an effective therapy for ischemic stroke (IS). However, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a serious side effect of rtPA therapy and may lead to patients' death. The natural polyphenol apigenin has a good therapeutic effect on IS. Apigenin has potential BBB protection, but the mechanism by which it protects the BBB integrity is not clear. In this study, we used network pharmacology, bioinformatics, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation to reveal the mechanisms by which apigenin protects the BBB. Among the 146 targets of apigenin for the treatment of IS, 20 proteins were identified as core targets (e.g., MMP-9, TLR4, STAT3). Apigenin protects BBB integrity by inhibiting the activity of MMPs through anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress. These mechanisms included JAK/STAT, the toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and Nitrogen metabolism signaling pathways. The findings of this study contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of apigenin in the treatment of BBB disruption and provide ideas for the development of drugs to treat IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - ZiQiao Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Fuxiang Dong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Jinjian Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Ping Niu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Qiyi Ta
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - JunMing Kan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Chunyu Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Moxuan Han
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Junchao Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Dexi Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China.
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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Lan J, Wang J, Wang S, Wang J, Huang S, Wang Y, Ma Y. The Activation of GABA AR Alleviated Cerebral Ischemic Injury via the Suppression of Oxidative Stress, Autophagy, and Apoptosis Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:194. [PMID: 38397792 PMCID: PMC10886019 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease leading to neurologic impairment. Compounding the issue is the very limited array of available interventions. The activation of a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptor (GABAAR) has been reported to produce neuroprotective properties during cerebral ischemia, but its mechanism of action is not yet fully understood. Here, in a rat model of photochemically induced cerebral ischemia, we found that muscimol, a GABAAR agonist, modulated GABAergic signaling, ameliorated anxiety-like behaviors, and attenuated neuronal damage in rats suffering cerebral ischemia. Moreover, GABAAR activation improved brain antioxidant levels, reducing the accumulation of oxidative products, which was closely associated with the NO/NOS pathway. Notably, the inhibition of autophagy markedly relieved the neuronal insult caused by cerebral ischemia. We further established an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced PC12 cell injury model. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that GABAAR activation obviously suppressed autophagy by regulating the AMPK-mTOR pathway. Additionally, GABAAR activation inhibited apoptosis through inhibiting the Bax/Bcl-2 pathway. These data suggest that GABAAR activation exerts neuroprotective effects during cerebral ischemia through improving oxidative stress and inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis. Our findings indicate that GABAAR serves as a target for treating cerebral ischemia and highlight the GABAAR-mediated autophagy signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lan
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shujing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jia Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sijuan Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yunfei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Lin W, Zhao XY, Cheng JW, Li LT, Jiang Q, Zhang YX, Han F. Signaling pathways in brain ischemia: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108541. [PMID: 37783348 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke occurs when the arteries supplying blood to the brain are narrowed or blocked, inducing damage to brain tissue due to a lack of blood supply. One effective way to reduce brain damage and alleviate symptoms is to reopen blocked blood vessels in a timely manner and reduce neuronal damage. To achieve this, researchers have focused on identifying key cellular signaling pathways that can be targeted with drugs. These pathways include oxidative/nitrosative stress, excitatory amino acids and their receptors, inflammatory signaling molecules, metabolic pathways, ion channels, and other molecular events involved in stroke pathology. However, evidence suggests that solely focusing on protecting neurons may not yield satisfactory clinical results. Instead, researchers should consider the multifactorial and complex mechanisms underlying stroke pathology, including the interactions between different components of the neurovascular unit. Such an approach is more representative of the actual pathological process observed in clinical settings. This review summarizes recent research on the multiple molecular mechanisms and drug targets in ischemic stroke, as well as recent advances in novel therapeutic strategies. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future prospects of new strategies based on the biological characteristics of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lin
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhao
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jia-Wen Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Li-Tao Li
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China.
| | - Feng Han
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China; Institute of Brain Science, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Sun X, Liu Z, Zhou L, Ma R, Zhang X, Wang T, Fu F, Wang Y. Escin avoids hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic stroke by protecting BBB through the AMPK/Cav-1/MMP-9 pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 120:155071. [PMID: 37716034 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) seriously affects the clinical application of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). The main strategy for combating HT is to keep the blood-brain barrier (BBB) stable. Escin is the active ingredient of Aesculus hippocastanum and a natural mixture of triterpene saponins, and may play a part in mitigation of HT. PURPOSE This study sought to investigate the effect of Escin in improving rt-PA-induced HT, explore possible mechanisms, and provide new ideas for the treatment of clinical HT. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In in vivo experiments, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was undertaken in 6-week-old and 12-month-old mice, and rt-PA was administered to induce HT injury. The inhibitory effect of Escin on HT and its protective effect on neurobehavior, the BBB, and cerebrovascular endothelial cells was determined. In in vitro experiments, bEnd.3 cells were injured by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) and rt-PA. The protective effect of Escin was measured by the CCK8 assay, release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins. In mechanistic studies, the effect of Escin on the adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase / caveolin-1 / matrix metalloprotease-9 (AMPK/Cav-1/MMP-9) pathway was investigated by employing AMPK inhibitor and Cav-1 siRNA. RESULTS In mice suffering from ischemia, rt-PA caused HT as well as damage to the BBB and cerebrovascular endothelial cells. Escin reduced the infarct volume, cerebral hemorrhage, improved neurobehavioral deficits, and maintained BBB integrity in rt-PA-treated tMCAO mice while attenuating bEnd.3 cells damage caused by rt-PA and OGD/R injury. Under physiological and pathological conditions, Escin increased the expression of p-AMPK and Cav-1, leading to decreased expression of MMP-9, which further attenuated damage to cerebrovascular endothelial cells, and these effects were verified with AMPK inhibitor and Cav-1 siRNA. CONCLUSION We revealed important details of how Escin protects cerebrovascular endothelial cells from HT, these effects were associated with the AMPK/Cav-1/MMP-9 pathway. This study provides experimental foundation for the development of new drugs to mitigate rt-PA-induced HT and the discovery of new clinical application for Escin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Qingquan Road 30, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Zhaofeng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Qingquan Road 30, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Lin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Qingquan Road 30, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Runchen Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Qingquan Road 30, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Qingquan Road 30, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Qingquan Road 30, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Fenghua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Qingquan Road 30, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Yunjie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Qingquan Road 30, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China.
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Huang J, Chen L, Yao ZM, Sun XR, Tong XH, Dong SY. The role of mitochondrial dynamics in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114671. [PMID: 37037094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability worldwide. More than 80 % of strokes are ischemic, caused by an occlusion of cerebral arteries. Without question, restoration of blood supply as soon as possible is the first therapeutic strategy. Nonetheless paradoxically, reperfusion can further aggravate the injury through a series of reactions known as cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Mitochondria play a vital role in promoting nerve survival and neurological function recovery and mitochondrial dysfunction is considered one of the characteristics of CIRI. Neurons often die due to oxidative stress and an imbalance in energy metabolism following CIRI, and there is a strong association with mitochondrial dysfunction. Altered mitochondrial dynamics is the first reaction of mitochondrial stress. Mitochondrial dynamics refers to the maintenance of the integrity, distribution, and size of mitochondria as well as their ability to resist external stimuli through a continuous cycle of mitochondrial fission and fusion. Therefore, improving mitochondrial dynamics is a vital means of treating CIRI. This review discusses the relationship between mitochondria and CIRI and emphasizes improving mitochondrial dynamics as a potential therapeutic approach to improve the prognosis of CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, China
| | - Zi-Meng Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, China
| | - Xu-Hui Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, China
| | - Shu-Ying Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, China; Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Bengbu, China.
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Predictive Value of CT Perfusion in Hemorrhagic Transformation after Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13010156. [PMID: 36672136 PMCID: PMC9856940 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Existing studies indicate that some computed tomography perfusion (CTP) parameters may predict hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after acute ischemic stroke (AIS), but there is an inconsistency in the conclusions alongside a lack of comprehensive comparison. Objective: To comprehensively evaluate the predictive value of CTP parameters in HT after AIS. Data sources: A systematical literature review of existing studies was conducted up to 1st October 2022 in six mainstream databases that included original data on the CTP parameters of HT and non-HT groups or on the diagnostic performance of relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), relative permeability-surface area product (rPS), or relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) in patients with AIS that completed CTP within 24 h of onset. Data Synthesis: Eighteen observational studies were included. HT and non-HT groups had statistically significant differences in CBF, CBV, PS, rCBF, rCBV, and rPS (p < 0.05 for all). The hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) revealed that rCBF (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.9), rPS (AUC = 0.89), and rCBV (AUC = 0.85) had moderate diagnostic performances in predicting HT. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of rCBF were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.75−0.91) and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.63−0.94), respectively. Conclusions: rCBF, rPS, and rCBV had moderate diagnostic performances in predicting HT, and rCBF had the best pooled sensitivity and specificity.
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Li M, Hasiqiqige, Huan Y, Wang X, Tao M, Jiang T, Xie H, Jisiguleng W, Xing W, Zhu Z, Wang A, He Y. Calycosin ameliorates spinal cord injury by targeting Hsp90 to inhibit oxidative stress and apoptosis of nerve cells. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 127:102190. [PMID: 36402284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zhenbao pill is effective in protecting against spinal cord injury (SCI). We attempt to explore the characteristics of calycosin (a main monomer of Zhenbao pill) in SCI and its relative mechanism. METHODS The target of calycosin was screened using pharmacological network analysis. The SCI cell model was constructed using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the animal model was developed by compressing spinal cord with a vascular clamp. Flow cytometry was conducted to test reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and cell apoptosis. Detection of malondialdehyde (MDA) activity and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were performed using relative kits. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) was examined using western blot and quantitative real-time PCR. Motor function tests were carried out. The hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining were conducted. RESULTS In SCI models, ROS, MDA, and cell apoptosis were elevated, SOD and HSP90 levels were restrained, while calycosin addition reversed the above results. Besides, calycosin application or HSP90 overexpression enhanced phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) but weakened that of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and p38, while HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG treatment restrained the above results. Meanwhile, the injection of calycosin improved the motor function in SCI model rats. Furthermore, the pathologic results also clarified the positive effect of calycosin on SCI. CONCLUSION HSP90 was lowly expressed in SCI models. Calycosin alleviated SCI by promoting HSP90 up-regulation and inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis of nerve cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311 Hainan Province, China
| | - Hasiqiqige
- Inner Mongolia innovative Engineering Research Center, Hohhot, 010060 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yanqiang Huan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Mingkai Tao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Tianqi Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hongbin Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wu Jisiguleng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhibo Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Aitao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Yongxiong He
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570216 Hainan Province, China.
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11
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Tang H, Sun L, Huang J, Yang Z, Li C, Zhou X. The mechanism and biomarker function of Cavin-2 in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. Comput Biol Med 2022; 151:106234. [PMID: 36335812 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung Ischemia Reperfusion injury(LIRI) is one of the most predominant complications of ischemic lung disease. Cavin-2 emerged as a regulator of a variety of cellular processes, including endocytosis, lipid homeostasis, signal transduction and tumorigenesis, but the function of Cavin-2 in LIRI is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive potential of Cavin-2 in protecting lung ischemia-reperfusion injury and its corresponding mechanisms. METHODS We found the strong relationship between Cavin-2 and multiple immune-related genes by deep learning method. To reveal the mechanism of Cavin-2 in LIRI, the LIRI SD rat model was constructed to detect the expression of Cavin-2 in the lung tissue of SD rats after LIRI, and the expression of Cavin-2 in lung cell lines was also detected. The expression of IL-6, IL-10 and MDA in cells after Cavin-2 over-expression or knockdown was examined under hypoxic conditions. The expression levels of p-AKT, p-STAT3 and p-ERK1/2 were measured in over-expressing Cavin-2 cells under hypoxic-ischemia conditions, and then the corresponding blockers of AKT, STAT3 and ERK1/2 were given to verify, whether they play a protective role in LIRI. RESULTS After hypoxia, the expression of Cavin-2 in rat lung tissues was significantly increased, and the cellular activity and IL-10 in Cavin-2 over-expressing cells were significantly higher than that of the control group, while IL-6 and MDA were significantly lower than that of the control group, while the above results were reversed in Cavin-2 knockdown cells; Meanwhile, the phosphorylation levels of AKT, STAT3, and ERK1/2 were significantly increased in Cavin-2 over-expression cells after hypoxia. When AKT, STAT3, and ERK1/2 specific blockers were given, they lost their protective effect against LIRI. CONCLUSIONS Cavin-2 shows biomarker potential in protecting lung from ischemia-reperfusion injury through the survivor activating factor enhancement (SAFE) and reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexiao Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Linao Sun
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zetian Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Changsheng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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12
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Chen X, Xia Q, Sun N, Zhou H, Xu Z, Yang X, Yan R, Li P, Li T, Qin X, Yang H, Wu C, You F, Liao X, Li S, Liu Y. Shear stress enhances anoikis resistance of cancer cells through ROS and NO suppressed degeneration of Caveolin-1. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:95-107. [PMID: 36243211 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.10.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) acquire enhanced anti-anoikis abilities after experiencing flow shear stress in the circulatory system. Our previous study demonstrated that low shear stress (LSS) promotes anoikis resistance of human breast carcinoma cells via caveolin-1 (Cav-1)-dependent extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. However, the underlying mechanism how LSS enhanced Cav-1 expression in suspended cancer cells remains unclear. Herein, we found that LSS induced redox signaling was involved in the regulation of Cav-1 level and anoikis resistance in suspension cultured cancer cells. Exposure of human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells to LSS (2 dyn/cm2) markedly induced ROS and •NO generation, which promoted the cell viability and reduced the cancer cell apoptosis. Furthermore, ROS and •NO scavenging inhibited the upregulation of Cav-1 by interfering ubiquitination, and suppressed the anoikis resistance of suspended tumor cells. These findings provide new insight into the mechanism by which LSS-stimulated ROS and •NO generation increases Cav-1 stabilization in suspended cancer cells through inhibition of ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, which could be a potential target for therapy of metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qiong Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ningwei Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hailei Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhihao Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ran Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiang Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fengming You
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Liao
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection Technology, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, PR China.
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13
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Wang Y, Wu H, Sheng H, Wang Y, Li X, Wang Y, Zhao L. Discovery of anti-stroke active substances in Guhong injection based on multi-phenotypic screening of zebrafish. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113744. [PMID: 36156365 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide, and it remains an urgent task to develop novel and alternative therapeutic strategies for the disease. We previously reported the positive effects of Guhong injection (GHI), composed of safflower extract and aceglutamide, in promoting functional recovery in ischemic stroke mice. However, the active substances and pharmacological mechanism of GHI is still elusive. Aiming to identify the active anti-stroke components in GHI, here we conducted a multi-phenotypic screening in zebrafish models of phenylhydrazine-induced thrombosis and ponatinib-induced cerebral ischemia. Peripheral and cerebral blood flow was quantified endogenously in erythrocytes fluorescence-labeled thrombosis fish, and baicalein and rutin were identified as major anti-thrombotic substances in GHI. Moreover, using a high-throughput video-tracking system, the effects of locomotion promotion of GHI and its main compounds were analyzed in cerebral ischemia model. Chlorogenic acid and gallic acid showed significant effects in preventing locomotor dyfunctions. Finally, GHI treatment greatly decreased the expression levels of coagulation factors F7 and F2, NF-κB and its mediated proinflammatory cytokines in the fish models. Molecular docking suggested strong affinities between baicalein and F7, and between active substances (baicalein, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, and rutin) and NF-κB p65. In summary, our findings established a novel drug discovery method based on multi-phenotypic screening of zebrafish, provided endogenous evidences of GHI in preventing thrombus formation and promoting behavioral recovery after cerebral ischemia, and identified baicalein, rutin, chlorogenic acid, and gallic acid as active compounds in the management of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yule Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Huimin Wu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Hongda Sheng
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, 291 Fucheng Road, Qiantang District, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Xuecai Li
- Tonghua Guhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5099 Jianguo Road, Meihekou 135099, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310012, China; Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, 3716 Qingdao Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan 250117, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Lu Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310012, China.
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14
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Wang S, Qi X. The Putative Role of Astaxanthin in Neuroinflammation Modulation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:916653. [PMID: 35814201 PMCID: PMC9263351 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.916653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a protective mechanism against insults from exogenous pathogens and endogenous cellular debris and is essential for reestablishing homeostasis in the brain. However, excessive prolonged neuroinflammation inevitably leads to lesions and disease. The use of natural compounds targeting pathways involved in neuroinflammation remains a promising strategy for treating different neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Astaxanthin, a natural xanthophyll carotenoid, is a well known antioxidant. Mounting evidence has revealed that astaxanthin is neuroprotective and has therapeutic potential by inhibiting neuroinflammation, however, its functional roles and underlying mechanisms in modulating neuroinflammation have not been systematically summarized. Hence, this review summarizes recent progress in this field and provides an update on the medical value of astaxanthin. Astaxanthin modulates neuroinflammation by alleviating oxidative stress, reducing the production of neuroinflammatory factors, inhibiting peripheral inflammation and maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Mechanistically, astaxanthin scavenges radicals, triggers the Nrf2-induced activation of the antioxidant system, and suppresses the activation of the NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. With its good biosafety and high bioavailability, astaxanthin has strong potential for modulating neuroinflammation, although some outstanding issues still require further investigation.
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15
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Cai H, Huang LY, Hong R, Song JX, Guo XJ, Zhou W, Hu ZL, Wang W, Wang YL, Shen JG, Qi SH. Momordica charantia Exosome-Like Nanoparticles Exert Neuroprotective Effects Against Ischemic Brain Injury via Inhibiting Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 and Activating the AKT/GSK3β Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:908830. [PMID: 35814200 PMCID: PMC9263912 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.908830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) have shown great potential in treating tumor and inflammatory diseases, but the neuroprotective effect of plant ELNs remains unknown. In the present study, we isolated and characterized novel ELNs from Momordica charantia (MC) and investigated their neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the present study, MC-ELNs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and MC-ELN injection intravenously. The integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) was examined by Evans blue staining and with the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), claudin-5, and ZO-1. Neuronal apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL and the expression of apoptotic proteins including Bcl2, Bax, and cleaved caspase 3. The major discoveries include: 1) Dil-labeled MC-ELNs were identified in the infarct area; 2) MC-ELN treatment significantly ameliorated BBB disruption, decreased infarct sizes, and reduced neurological deficit scores; 3) MC-ELN treatment obviously downregulated the expression of MMP-9 and upregulated the expression of ZO-1 and claudin-5. Small RNA-sequencing revealed that MC-ELN-derived miRNA5266 reduced MMP-9 expression. Furthermore, MC-ELN treatment significantly upregulated the AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway and attenuated neuronal apoptosis in HT22 cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that MC-ELNs attenuate ischemia-reperfusion–induced damage to the BBB and inhibit neuronal apoptosis probably via the upregulation of the AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Cai
- Pharmacology College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lin-Yan Huang
- Medical and Technology School, Xuzhou Medical University, And Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou, China
| | - Rui Hong
- Pharmacology College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jin-Xiu Song
- Pharmacology College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xin-Jian Guo
- Medical and Technology School, Xuzhou Medical University, And Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Li Hu
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wan Wang
- Medical and Technology School, Xuzhou Medical University, And Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- Medical and Technology School, Xuzhou Medical University, And Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Gang Shen
- Medical and Technology School, Xuzhou Medical University, And Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Su-Hua Qi, ; Jian-Gang Shen,
| | - Su-Hua Qi
- Pharmacology College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Medical and Technology School, Xuzhou Medical University, And Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Su-Hua Qi, ; Jian-Gang Shen,
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16
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Jiang Y, Kang Y, Liu J, Yin S, Huang Z, Shao L. Nanomaterials alleviating redox stress in neurological diseases: mechanisms and applications. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:265. [PMID: 35672765 PMCID: PMC9171999 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Overproduced reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species (RONS) in the brain are involved in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, and stroke, as they attack neurons and glial cells, triggering cellular redox stress. Neutralizing RONS, and, thus, alleviating redox stress, can slow down or stop the progression of neurological diseases. Currently, an increasing number of studies are applying nanomaterials (NMs) with anti-redox activity and exploring the potential mechanisms involved in redox stress-related neurological diseases. In this review, we summarize the anti-redox mechanisms of NMs, including mimicking natural oxidoreductase activity and inhibiting RONS generation at the source. In addition, we propose several strategies to enhance the anti-redox ability of NMs and highlight the challenges that need to be resolved in their application. In-depth knowledge of the mechanisms and potential application of NMs in alleviating redox stress will help in the exploration of the therapeutic potential of anti-redox stress NMs in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Jiang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yiyuan Kang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Suhan Yin
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhendong Huang
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Ahmadpour D, Mhaouty-Kodja S, Grange-Messent V. Effects and underlying cellular pathway involved in the impairment of the neurovascular unit following exposure of adult male mice to low doses of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate alone or in an environmental phthalate mixture. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112235. [PMID: 34678253 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that adult male mice exposure to low doses of di (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) impacts the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and surrounding parenchyma in the medial preoptic area (mPOA), a key hypothalamic area involved in the male sexual behavior. BBB leakage was associated with a decrease in the endothelial tight junction accessory protein, zona occludens-1, and caveolae protein Cav-1, added to an inflammatory profile including glial activation accompanied by enhanced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. As this failure of BBB functionality in the mPOA could participate, at least in part, in reported alteration of sexual behavior following DEHP exposure, we explored the cellular pathway connecting cerebral capillaries and neurons. Two-month-old C57BL/6J male mice were orally exposed for 6 weeks to DEHP alone (5 and 50 μg/kg/day) or to DEHP (5 μg/kg/day) in an environmental phthalate mixture. The presence of androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor-α (ERα) were first evidenced in brain capillaries. Protein levels of AR but not of ERα were reduced in cerebral capillaries after phthalate exposure. The amounts of basement membrane and cell-matrix interaction components were decreased, while matrix metalloprotease MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were increased. Fluorojade® labelling suggested that exposure to phthalates also lead to a neurodegenerative process in the mPOA. Altogether, the data suggest that environmental exposure to endocrine disruptors such as phthalates, could alter AR/Cav-1 interaction, impacting a Cav-1/nitric oxide/MMP pathway. This would lead to disruption of the glio-neurovascular coupling which is essential to neuronal functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delnia Ahmadpour
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neuroscience Paris-Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neuroscience Paris-Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Grange-Messent
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neuroscience Paris-Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, 75005, Paris, France.
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Roles of Nitric Oxide in Brain Ischemia and Reperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084243. [PMID: 35457061 PMCID: PMC9028809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) is one of the most severe clinical manifestations of ischemic stroke, placing a significant burden on both individuals and society. The only FDA-approved clinical treatment for ischemic stroke is tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), which rapidly restores cerebral blood flow but can have severe side effects. The complex pathological process of brain I/R has been well-established in the past few years, including energy metabolism disorders, cellular acidosis, doubling of the synthesis or release of excitotoxic amino acids, intracellular calcium homeostasis, free radical production, and activation of apoptotic genes. Recently, accumulating evidence has shown that NO may be strongly related to brain I/R and involved in complex pathological processes. This review focuses on the role of endogenous NO in pathological processes in brain I/R, including neuronal cell death and blood brain barrier disruption, to explore how NO impacts specific signaling cascades and contributes to brain I/R injury. Moreover, NO can rapidly react with superoxide to produce peroxynitrite, which may also mediate brain I/R injury, which is discussed here. Finally, we reveal several therapeutic approaches strongly associated with NO and discuss their potential as a clinical treatment for ischemic stroke.
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Wang Y, Bian Y, Chen X, Su D. Chemiluminescent Probes Based on 1,2-dioxetane Structures For Bioimaging. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200018. [PMID: 35088544 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chemiluminescent probes based on 1,2-dioxetane scaffold are one of the most sensitive imaging modalities for detecting disease-related biomarkers and can obtain more accurate biological information in cells and in vivo . Due to the elimination of external light excitation, the background autofluorescence problem in fluorescence technology can be effectively avoided, providing ultra-high sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio for various applications. In this minireview, we highlight a comprehensive but concise overview of activatable 1,2-dioetxane-based chemiluminescent probes by reporting significant advances in accurate detection and bioimaging. The design principles and applications for reactive species, enzymes, and other disease-related biomarkers are systematically discussed and summarized. The challenges and potential prospects of chemiluminescent probes are also discussed to further promote the development of new chemiluminescence methods for biological analysis and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Wang
- Beijing University of Technology, Department of chemistry and biology, CHINA
| | - Yongning Bian
- Beijing University of Technology, Department of chemistry and biology, CHINA
| | - Xueqian Chen
- Beijing University of Technology, Department of chemistry and biology, CHINA
| | - Dongdong Su
- Beijing University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, 100124, Beijing, CHINA
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Gokani S, Bhatt LK. Caveolin-1: A promising therapeutic target for diverse diseases. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:701-715. [PMID: 34847854 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666211130155902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells contains small flask-shaped invaginations known as caveolae that are involved in the regulation of cellular signaling. Caveolin-1 is a 21-24kDa protein localized in the caveolar membrane. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) has been considered as a master regulator among the various signaling molecules. It has been emerging as a chief protein regulating cellular events associated with homeostasis, caveolae formation, and caveolae trafficking. In addition to the physiological role of cav-1, it has a complex role in the progression of various diseases. Caveolin-1 has been identified as a prognosticator in patients with cancer and has a dual role in tumorigenesis. The expression of Cav-1 in hippocampal neurons and synapses is related to neurodegeneration, cognitive decline, and aging. Despite the ubiquitous association of caveolin-1 in various pathological processes, the mechanisms associated with these events are still unclear. Caveolin-1 has a significant role in various events of the viral cycle, such as viral entry. This review will summarize the role of cav-1 in the development of cancer, neurodegeneration, glaucoma, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases. The therapeutic perspectives involving clinical applications of Caveolin-1 have also been discussed. The understanding of the involvement of caveolin-1 in various diseased states provides insights into how it can be explored as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Gokani
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai. India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai. India
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Bioactive Flavonoids Icaritin and Icariin Protect against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion-Associated Apoptosis and Extracellular Matrix Accumulation in an Ischemic Stroke Mouse Model. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111719. [PMID: 34829948 PMCID: PMC8615444 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke, which is the second leading cause of mortality in the world, is urgently needed to explore the medical strategies for ischemic stroke treatment. Both icariin (ICA) and icaritin (ICT) are the major active flavonoids extracted from Herba epimedii that have been regarded as the neuroprotective agents in disease models. In this study, we aimed to investigate and compare the neuroprotective effects of ICA and ICT in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model. Male ICR mice were pretreated with both ICA and ICT, which ameliorated body weight loss, neurological injury, infarct volume, and pathological change in acute ischemic stroke mice. Furthermore, administration of both ICA and ICT could also protect against neuronal cell apoptotic death, oxidative and nitrosative stress, lipid peroxidation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in the brains. The neuroprotective effects of ICT are slightly better than that of ICA in acute cerebral ischemic stroke mice. These results suggest that pretreatment with both ICA and ICT improves the neuronal cell apoptosis and responses of oxidative/nitrosative stress and counteracts the ECM accumulation in the brains of acute cerebral ischemic stroke mice. Both ICA and ICT treatment may serve as a useful therapeutic strategy for acute ischemic stroke.
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Zhang T, Guo S, Niu Y, Huang K, Bu F, Ren H, Zhang Y, Shang E, Duan JA, Qian D. The influence of essential oils from ZhaLi NuSi Prescription on the pharmacokinetics of its non-volatile components in normal rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 36:e5257. [PMID: 34611921 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hui Medicine ZhaLi NuSi Prescription (ZLNS) is described in "Hui Hui Prescription," and it has been used to treat cerebral infarction in Hui Region, China. In this study, a rapid and reliable ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established and applied to simultaneously determine geniposidic acid, oxypaeoniflorin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, caffeic acid, magnoflorine, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, β-ecdysterone, icariin, rhein, and baohuoside I in rat plasma. The pharmacokinetic parameters of these components and the influence of essential oils (EOs) on them were investigated in normal rats. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0 - t , AUC0 - ∞ , t1/2 , tmax , cmax ) of the aforementioned compounds were significantly changed after co-administering with ZLNS EO. The AUC values of oxypaeoniflorin, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, and baohuoside I with EOs were decreased significantly. This is the first report for the comparative pharmacokinetic study of ZLNS bioactive components in normal rats, which may provide the basis for drug interaction study in vivo and insight into their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Kaidi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fanshu Bu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Erxin Shang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Liu B, Li Y, Han Y, Wang S, Yang H, Zhao Y, Li P, Wang Y. Notoginsenoside R1 intervenes degradation and redistribution of tight junctions to ameliorate blood-brain barrier permeability by Caveolin-1/MMP2/9 pathway after acute ischemic stroke. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 90:153660. [PMID: 34344565 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The leakage of blood-brain barrier (BBB) is main pathophysiological change in acute stage of ischemic stroke, which not only deteriorates neurological function, but also increases the risk of hemorrhagic transformation after thrombolysis. PURPOSE/STUDY DESIGN This article investigates the efficacy of Notoginsenoside R1, an active ingredient of Panax notoginseng, on BBB permeability and explores related mechanisms after acute ischemic stroke. METHODS In vivo, male Sprague-Dawley rats (260-280 g) were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups: sham group, model group, low, middle and high doses of Notoginsenoside R1 groups and positive drug Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide group. Except for sham group, rats were performed with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model in each group. Twelve hours later, rats were evaluated for Bederson neurological function, and BBB integrity by Evans blue leak imaging; Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to detect the volume of cerebral infarction. Frozen sections of rats' brain tissue were prepared for detection of MMPs activity in situ zymography. Peripheral tissue of cerebral infarction was collected and tested the expression of MMP2, 9 and tight junction proteins (zo1, claudin5, occludin) by western blot. In vitro, transwell endothelial barrier model was established by bEnd.3 cells. Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) was chosen to simulate the hypoxic environment. Suitable OGD stimulation time as well as Notoginsenoside R1 and Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide optimal dose concentrations were determined through transwell leakage and CCK8 assay. Furthermore, endothelial subcellular component proteins were extracted. The change of zo1, claudin5, occludin and caveolin1 was detected by western blot. RESULTS Notoginsenoside R1 treatment significantly reduced BBB leakage and cerebral infarction volume, weakened neurological deficits in post-stroke rats. Moreover, it inhibited the activity of MMPs in infarcted cortex and striatum, down-regulated MMP2, 9 and up-regulated zo1 and claudin5 expressions in penumbra. In vitro, Notoginsenoside R1 treatment decreased OGD-induced endothelial barrier permeability, restored expressions of zo1, claudin5 on cellular membrane and cytoplasm, as well as mediated membrane redistribution of occludin and caveolin1 from actin cytoskeletal fraction. CONCLUSIONS Notoginsenoside R1 treatment attenuates BBB permeability, cerebral infarction volume and neurological impairments in rats with acute cerebral ischemia. The mechanisms might be related to intervening degradation and redistribution of zo1, caludin5 and occludin by caveolin1/ MMP2/9 pathway. More effects and mechanisms of Notoginsenoside R1 on rehabilitation of stroke are worthy to be explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Yan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China.
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China.
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Chen H, Guan B, Chen S, Yang D, Shen J. Peroxynitrite activates NLRP3 inflammasome and contributes to hemorrhagic transformation and poor outcome in ischemic stroke with hyperglycemia. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:171-183. [PMID: 33515754 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to test the hypothesis that peroxynitrite-mediated inflammasome activation could be a crucial player in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and poor outcome in ischemic stroke with hyperglycemia. We used an experimental rat stroke model subjected to 90 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion plus 24 h or 7 days of reperfusion with or without acute hyperglycemia. We detected the production of peroxynitrite, the expression of NADPH oxidase, iNOS, MMPs and NLRP3 inflammasome in the ischemic brains, and evaluated infarct volume, brain edema, HT, neurological deficit score and survival rates. Our results show that: (1) Hyperglycemia increased the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits p47phox and p67phox, and iNOS, and the production of peroxynitrite. (2) Hyperglycemia increased infarct volume, aggravated the BBB hyperpermeability, induced brain edema and HT, and worsened neurological outcomes. These brain damages and poor outcome were reversed by the treatments of FeTmPyP (a representative peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst, PDC), peroxynitrite scavenger uric acid, and iNOS inhibitor 1400W. Furthermore, the activations of MMPs and NLRP3 inflammasome including pro/active-caspase-1 and IL-1β were inhibited both PDC and 1400W, indicating the roles of peroxynitrite in the inductions of MMPs and NLRP3 inflammasome in the ischemic brains under hyperglycemia. (3) NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950, caspase-1 inhibitor VX-765 and IL-1β inhibitor diacerein attenuated brain edema, minimized hemorrhagic transformation and improved neurological outcome, demonstrating the roles of NLRP3 inflammasome in the hyperglycemia-mediated HT and poor outcome in the ischemic stroke rats with acute hyperglycemia. In conclusion, peroxynitrite could mediate activations of MMPs and NLRP3 inflammasome, aggravate the BBB damage and HT, and induce poor outcome in ischemic stroke with hyperglycemia. Therefore, targeting peroxynitrite-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome could be a promising strategy for ischemic stroke with hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
| | - Binghe Guan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China.
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He J, Liu J, Huang Y, Tang X, Xiao H, Hu Z. Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Autophagy: Potential Targets of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Based Therapies in Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:641157. [PMID: 33716657 PMCID: PMC7952613 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.641157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide; currently available treatment approaches for ischemic stroke are to restore blood flow, which reduce disability but are time limited. The interruption of blood flow in ischemic stroke contributes to intricate pathophysiological processes. Oxidative stress and inflammatory activity are two early events in the cascade of cerebral ischemic injury. These two factors are reciprocal causation and directly trigger the development of autophagy. Appropriate autophagy activity contributes to brain recovery by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory activity, while autophagy dysfunction aggravates cerebral injury. Abundant evidence demonstrates the beneficial impact of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and secretome on cerebral ischemic injury. MSCs reduce oxidative stress through suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generation and transferring healthy mitochondria to damaged cells. Meanwhile, MSCs exert anti-inflammation properties by the production of cytokines and extracellular vesicles, inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cells activation, suppressing pyroptosis, and alleviating blood–brain barrier leakage. Additionally, MSCs regulation of autophagy imbalances gives rise to neuroprotection against cerebral ischemic injury. Altogether, MSCs have been a promising candidate for the treatment of ischemic stroke due to their pleiotropic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Huang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangqi Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Anti-cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury of polysaccharides: A review of the mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111303. [PMID: 33517189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury can lead to a series of serious brain diseases and cause death or different degrees of disability. Polysaccharide is a kind of biological macromolecule with multiple pharmacological activities and has been proven that it may be used for the treatment of cerebral I/R injury in the future. By sorting out all relevant research from 2000 to 2020, we selected 74 references and identified 22 kinds of polysaccharides. Almost all of these polysaccharides are extracted from traditional Chinese medicine. Research shows that these polysaccharides can improve cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through anti-oxidative stress, inhibiting the neuroinflammation, glutamate neurotoxicity and neuronal apoptosis, and exerting neurotrophic effect. The specific mechanisms include clearing ROS and RNS, inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and blocking caspase cascade, regulating NMDA receptor and promoting angiogenesis. We hoped this review is instructive for researchers to design, research and develop polysaccharides.
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Ahmadpour D, Grange-Messent V. Involvement of Testosterone Signaling in the Integrity of the Neurovascular Unit in the Male: Review of Evidence, Contradictions, and Hypothesis. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:403-420. [PMID: 32512571 DOI: 10.1159/000509218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Age-related central nervous system function decline and increased susceptibility of females compared to males with respect to prevalence of several neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases are both based on the principle that hormonal factors could be involved. These cerebral disorders are characterized by an alteration of blood-brain barrier (BBB) properties and chronic neuroinflammation, which lead to disease progression. Neuroinflammation, in turn, contributes to BBB dysfunction. The BBB and its environment, called the neurovascular unit (NVU), are crucial for cerebral homeostasis and neuronal function. Interestingly, sex steroids influence BBB properties and modulate neuroinflammatory responses. To date however, the majority of work reported has focused on the effects of estrogens on BBB function and neuroinflammation in female mammals. In contrast, the effects of testosterone signaling on the NVU in males are still poorly studied. The aim of this review was to summarize and discuss the literature, providing insights and contradictions to highlight hypothesis and the need for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delnia Ahmadpour
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1130, CNRS UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris-Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Grange-Messent
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1130, CNRS UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris-Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Paris, France,
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Caveolin-1 Derived from Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Inhibits Neuronal Differentiation of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells In Vivo and In Vitro. Neuroscience 2020; 448:172-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Liu C, Xie J, Sun S, Li H, Li T, Jiang C, Chen X, Wang J, Le A, Wang J, Li Z, Wang J, Wang W. Hemorrhagic Transformation After Tissue Plasminogen Activator Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:621-646. [PMID: 33125600 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a common complication after thrombolysis with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in ischemic stroke. In this article, recent research progress of HT in vivo and in vitro studies was reviewed. We have discussed new potential mechanisms and possible experimental models of HT development, as well as possible biomarkers and treatment methods. Meanwhile, we compared and analyzed rodent models, large animal models and in vitro BBB models of HT, and the limitations of these models were discussed. The molecular mechanism of HT was investigated in terms of BBB disruption, rt-PA neurotoxicity and the effect of neuroinflammation, matrix metalloproteinases, reactive oxygen species. The clinical features to predict HT were represented including blood biomarkers and clinical factors. Recent progress in neuroprotective strategies to improve HT after stroke treated with rt-PA is outlined. Further efforts need to be made to reduce the risk of HT after rt-PA therapy and improve the clinical prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Liu
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Anh Le
- Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Jiarui Wang
- The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Zhanfei Li
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Pan G, Zhang H, Zhu A, Lin Y, Zhang L, Ye B, Cheng J, Shen W, Jin L, Liu C, Xie Q, Chen X. Treadmill exercise attenuates cerebral ischaemic injury in rats by protecting mitochondrial function via enhancement of caveolin-1. Life Sci 2020; 264:118634. [PMID: 33148419 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Exercise training has a neuroprotective effect against ischaemic injury, but the underlying mechanism is not completely clear. This study explored the potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects of treadmill training and caveolin-1 regulation against mitochondrial dysfunction in cerebral ischaemic injury. MAIN METHODS After middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery, rats were subjected to treadmill training and received daidzein injections and combined therapy. A series of analyses, including neurological function scoring; body weight measurement; Nissl, haematoxylin and eosin staining; cerebral infarction volume assessment; mitochondrial morphology examination; caveolin-1, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial cytochrome C (CytC), and translocase of outer membrane 20 (TOM20) expression analysis; apoptosis index analysis; and transmission electron microscopy were conducted. KEY FINDINGS Treadmill training increased caveolin-1 expression, reduced neurobehavioral scores and cerebral infarction volumes, improved tissue morphology, reduced neuronal loss, inhibited mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) through the caveolin-1 pathway, prevented excessive Cyt-C release from mitochondria, and reduced the degrees of apoptosis and mitochondrial damage. In addition, treadmill training increased the expression of TOM20 through the caveolin-1 pathway and maintained import signal function, thereby protecting mitochondrial integrity. SIGNIFICANCE Treadmill exercise protected mitochondrial integrity and inhibited the endogenous mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The damage of cerebral ischaemia was alleviated in rats through enhancement of caveolin-1 by treadmill exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyuan Pan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, China; Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234, Gucui Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310012, China
| | - Huimei Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, China
| | - Anqi Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, China
| | - Yao Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, China
| | - Bingyun Ye
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, China
| | - Jingyan Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, China
| | - Weimin Shen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, China
| | - Lingqin Jin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, China
| | - Chan Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, China
| | - Qingfeng Xie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, China.
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Li L, Huang J. Rapamycin Pretreatment Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Dose-Response Manner Through Inhibition of the Autophagy and NFκB Pathways in Rats. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820946194. [PMID: 32874166 PMCID: PMC7436792 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820946194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although rapamycin can attenuate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, the potential roles of rapamycin on cerebral I/R injury remain largely controversial. The present work aims to evaluate underlying molecular mechanisms of rapamycin pretreatment on I/R injury. In total, 34 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly grouped to 3 groups: sham group (n = 2), vehicle group (n = 16), and rapamycin-pretreatment group (n = 16). Before the focal cerebral ischemia was induced, those rats in the pretreatment group were intraperitoneally injected rapamycin (1 mg/kg body) for 20 hours, while rats in the vehicle group received same-volume saline. Then, rats in these 2 groups received focal cerebral ischemia for 3 and 6 hours, respectively (n = 8 in each group), which was followed by the application of reperfusion for 4, 24, 72 hours, and 1 week (n = 2 in each group). The results showed that the rapamycin pretreatment improved the memory functions of rats after I/R injury, which was evaluated using a Y-maze test. Rapamycin pretreatment significantly reduced the size of triphenyltetrazolium chloride infarction and decreased the expression of I/R injury markers. Moreover, the expression of LC-3 and NFκB was also significantly reduced after rapamycin pretreatment. Taken together, rapamycin pretreatment may alleviate cerebral I/R injury partly through inhibiting autophagic activities and NFκB pathways in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liru Li
- Department of emergency medicine, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
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32
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Wang C, Xian L, Chen X, Li Z, Fang Y, Xu W, Wei L, Chen W, Wang S. Visualization of cortical cerebral blood flow dynamics during craniotomy in acute subdural hematoma using laser speckle imaging in a rat model. Brain Res 2020; 1742:146901. [PMID: 32445715 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mass evacuation with decompressive craniotomy is considered a standard intervention for acute subdural hematoma (ASDH). However, hemispheric swelling complicates the intraoperative and postoperative management of ASDH patients, and previous studies have revealed that this approach can damage ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Few studies have focused on the cerebrovascular response following traumatic brain injury (TBI). To characterize the relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) before and after removal of the hematoma, rats were injured by a subdural infusion of 400 μL of venous blood or paraffin oil. MRI scans were performed. Then, we monitored cortical rCBF during hematoma removal in real time using laser speckle imaging (LSCI) in ASDH rats. The CBF of arteriovenous and capillary regions were quantified and normalized to their own baseline values via a custom algorithm. In the sham group, the cortical CBF was higher post-craniotomy than pre-craniotomy. However, in the hematoma injection group, the CBF of arteries and capillaries was higher while the venous CBF was lower post-craniotomy than pre-craniotomy. The difference in the changes in vein CBF that occurred between the two groups was statistically significant. The three components of the vascular system showed heterogeneous responses to craniotomy, which may be the basis for secondary brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Liang Xian
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xiangrong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, PR China
| | - Zuanfang Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Yi Fang
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Weiming Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Hospital of Changle, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Liangfeng Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, 900th Hospital, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, PR China
| | - Shousen Wang
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, 900th Hospital, Fuzhou, PR China.
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33
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Wang Z, Mascarenhas C, Jia X. Positron Emission Tomography After Ischemic Brain Injury: Current Challenges and Future Developments. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:628-642. [PMID: 31939060 PMCID: PMC7347441 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00765-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is widely used in clinical and animal studies, along with the development of diverse tracers. The biochemical characteristics of PET tracers may help uncover the pathophysiological consequences of cardiac arrest (CA) and ischemic stroke, which include cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, depletion of oxygen and glucose, and neuroinflammation. PubMed was searched for studies of the application of PET for "cardiac arrest," "ischemic stroke," and "targeted temperature management." Available studies were included and classified according to the biochemical properties involved and metabolic processes of PET tracers, and were summarized. The mechanisms of ischemic brain injuries were investigated by PET with various tracers to elucidate the pathological process from the initial decrease of cerebral blood flow (CBF) to the subsequent abnormalities in energy and oxygen metabolism, to the monitoring of inflammation. In general, the trends of cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism after ischemic attack are not unidirectional but closely related to the time point of injury and recovery. Glucose metabolism after injury showed significant differences in different brain regions whereas global cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc) declined. PET monitoring of neuroinflammation shows comparable efficacy to immunostaining. The technology of PET targeting in brain metabolism and the development of tracers provide new tools to track and evaluate the brain's pathological changes after ischemic brain injury. Despite no existing evidence for an available PET-based prediction method, discoveries of new tracers are expected to provide more possibilities for the whole field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 43007, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF Building 823, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Conrad Mascarenhas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF Building 823, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF Building 823, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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34
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Chang LL, Li C, Li ZL, Wei ZL, Jia XB, Pang ST, An YQ, Gu JF, Feng L. Carthamus tinctorius L. Extract ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by regulating matrix metalloproteinases and apoptosis. Indian J Pharmacol 2020; 52:108-116. [PMID: 32565598 PMCID: PMC7282686 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_400_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the protective effect of Carthamus tinctorius L. (CTL, also known as Honghua in China or Safflower) on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and explored the possible mechanisms on regulating apoptosis and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). High-performance liquid chromatography method with diode array detection analysis was established to analyze the components of CTL. Middle cerebral artery occlusion rats model was established to evaluate Neurological Function Score and hematoxylin-eosin staining, as well as triphenyltetrazolium was used to examine the infarction area ratio. Transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling was performed for the apoptosis. Apoptosis-related factors, including B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bax and Caspase3, and MMPs-related MMP2, MMP9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1) in ischemic brain, were assayed by Western blot, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. The data showed that CTL (2, 4 g crude drug/kg/d) treatment could significantly reduce the ischemic damage in brain tissue and improve a significant neurological function score. In addition, CTL could also attenuate apoptosis degree of brain tissues and regulate Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase 3 and also have a significant decrease on MMP-9 expression, followed by a significant increase of TIMP1 protein expression. These findings indicated that regulation of CTL on apoptosis and MMPs contributed to its protective effect on ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Chang
- School of Animal Engineering, Xuzhou Vocational College of Bioengineering, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Taixing, Nanjing, China.,Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Jiangsu Taixing, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Li Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Taixing, Nanjing, China.,College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zi-Lun Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Taixing, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi-Ting Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Taixing, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Qiang An
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Fei Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Taixing, Nanjing, China.,Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Jiangsu Taixing, Nanjing, China.,College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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35
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Chen S, Chen H, Du Q, Shen J. Targeting Myeloperoxidase (MPO) Mediated Oxidative Stress and Inflammation for Reducing Brain Ischemia Injury: Potential Application of Natural Compounds. Front Physiol 2020; 11:433. [PMID: 32508671 PMCID: PMC7248223 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are two critical pathological processes of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a critical inflammatory enzyme and therapeutic target triggering both oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the pathological process of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. MPO is presented in infiltrated neutrophils, activated microglial cells, neurons, and astrocytes in the ischemic brain. Activation of MPO can catalyze the reaction of chloride and H2O2 to produce HOCl. MPO also mediates oxidative stress by promoting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), modulating the polarization and inflammation-related signaling pathways in microglia and neutrophils. MPO can be a therapeutic target for attenuating oxidative damage and neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke. Targeting MPO with inhibitors or gene deficiency significantly reduced brain infarction and improved neurological outcomes. This article discusses the important roles of MPO in mediating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and reviews the current understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we summarize the active compounds from medicinal herbs with potential as MPO inhibitors for anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation to attenuate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and as adjunct therapeutic agents for extending the window of thrombolytic treatment. We highlight that targeting MPO could be a promising strategy for alleviating ischemic brain injury, which merits further translational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Hansen Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiaohui Du
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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36
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Chen H, He Y, Chen S, Qi S, Shen J. Therapeutic targets of oxidative/nitrosative stress and neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke: Applications for natural product efficacy with omics and systemic biology. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104877. [PMID: 32407958 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative/nitrosative stress and neuroinflammation are critical pathological processes in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and their intimate interactions mediate neuronal damage, blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage and hemorrhagic transformation (HT) during ischemic stroke. We review current progress towards understanding the interactions of oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammatory responses in ischemic brain injury. The interactions between reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and innate immune receptors such as TLR2/4, NOD-like receptor, RAGE, and scavenger receptors are crucial pathological mechanisms that amplify brain damage during cerebral ischemic injury. Furthermore, we review the current progress of omics and systematic biology approaches for studying complex network regulations related to oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation in the pathology of ischemic stroke. Targeting oxidative/nitrosative stress and neuroinflammation could be a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke treatment. We then review recent advances in discovering compounds from medicinal herbs with the bioactivities of simultaneously regulating oxidative/nitrosative stress and pro-inflammatory molecules for minimizing ischemic brain injury. These compounds include sesamin, baicalin, salvianolic acid A, 6-paradol, silymarin, apocynin, 3H-1,2-Dithiole-3-thione, (-)-epicatechin, rutin, Dl-3-N-butylphthalide, and naringin. We finally summarize recent developments of the omics and systematic biology approaches for exploring the molecular mechanisms and active compounds of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formulae with the properties of antioxidant and anti-inflammation for neuroprotection. The comprehensive omics and systematic biology approaches provide powerful tools for exploring therapeutic principles of TCM formulae and developing precision medicine for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
| | - Yacong He
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Shuang Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Suhua Qi
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China; School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China.
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37
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Chen H, Shen J, Zhao H. Ischemic postconditioning for stroke treatment: current experimental advances and future directions. CONDITIONING MEDICINE 2020; 3:104-115. [PMID: 34396060 PMCID: PMC8360401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) protects against brain injury induced by stroke and is a potential strategy for ischemic stroke treatment. Understanding its underlying mechanisms and potential hurdles is essential for clinical translation. In this review article, we will summarize the current advances in IPostC for stroke treatment and the underlying protective mechanisms. Strong evidence suggests that IPostC reduces brain infarct size, attenuates blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage and brain edema, and improves neurological outcomes. IPostC also promotes neurogenesis and angiogenesis at the recovery phase of ischemic stroke. The protective mechanisms involve its effects on anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis. In addition, it regulates neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, heat shock proteins (HSP) 40/70, as well as growth factors such as BDNF and VEGF. Furthermore, IPostC modulates several cell signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt, MAPK, NF-κB, and the Gluk2/PSD95/MLK3/MKK7/JNK3 pathways. We also discuss the potential hurdles for IPostC's clinical translation, including insufficient IPostC algorithm studies, such as therapeutic time windows and ischemia-reperfusion periods and cycles, as well as its long-term protection. In addition, future studies should address confounding factors such as age, sex, and pre-existing conditions such as hypertension and hyperglycemia before stroke onset. At last, the combination of IPostC with other treatments, such as tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), merits further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, 94305 USA
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R, P. R China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, 94305 USA
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38
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Role of Caveolin-1 in Diabetes and Its Complications. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9761539. [PMID: 32082483 PMCID: PMC7007939 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9761539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that in 2017 there were 451 million people with diabetes worldwide. These figures are expected to increase to 693 million by 2045; thus, innovative preventative programs and treatments are a necessity to fight this escalating pandemic disorder. Caveolin-1 (CAV1), an integral membrane protein, is the principal component of caveolae in membranes and is involved in multiple cellular functions such as endocytosis, cholesterol homeostasis, signal transduction, and mechanoprotection. Previous studies demonstrated that CAV1 is critical for insulin receptor-mediated signaling, insulin secretion, and potentially the development of insulin resistance. Here, we summarize the recent progress on the role of CAV1 in diabetes and diabetic complications.
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39
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Bai X, Yang B, Chen H, Shen J, Yang D. HKOCl-4: a rhodol-based yellow fluorescent probe for the detection of hypochlorous acid in living cells and tissues. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00081g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly sensitive and selective yellow probes, HKOCl-4 and its derivatives, have been developed for detecting endogenous HOCl in cytosol and mitochondria of living cells. In addition, visualization of HOCl production in ischemic stroke model has been achieved with HKOCl-4r.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Bai
- Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Bowei Yang
- Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Hansen Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Dan Yang
- Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
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40
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Chen H, Guan B, Wang B, Pu H, Bai X, Chen X, Liu J, Li C, Qiu J, Yang D, Liu K, Wang Q, Qi S, Shen J. Glycyrrhizin Prevents Hemorrhagic Transformation and Improves Neurological Outcome in Ischemic Stroke with Delayed Thrombolysis Through Targeting Peroxynitrite-Mediated HMGB1 Signaling. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 11:967-982. [PMID: 31872339 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) are important cytotoxic factors contributing to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the roles of ONOO- in mediating HMGB1 expression and its impacts on hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in ischemic brain injury with delayed t-PA treatment remain unclear. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that ONOO- could directly mediate the activation and release of HMGB1 in ischemic brains with delayed t-PA treatment. With clinical studies, we found that plasma nitrotyrosine (NT, a surrogate marker of ONOO-) was positively correlated with HMGB1 level in acute ischemic stroke patients. Hemorrhagic transformation and t-PA-treated ischemic stroke patients had increased levels of nitrotyrosine and HMGB1 in plasma. In animal experiments, we found that FeTmPyP, a representative ONOO- decomposition catalyst (PDC), significantly reduced the expression of HMGB1 and its receptor TLR2, and inhibited MMP-9 activation, preserved collagen IV and tight junction claudin-5 in ischemic rat brains with delayed t-PA treatment. ONOO- donor SIN-1 directly induced expression of HMGB1 and its receptor TLR2 in naive rat brains in vivo and induced HMGB1 in brain microvascular endothelial b.End3 cells in vitro. Those results suggest that ONOO- could activate HMGB1/TLR2/MMP-9 signaling. We then addressed whether glycyrrhizin, a natural HMGB1 inhibitor, could inhibit ONOO- production and the antioxidant properties of glycyrrhizin contribute to the inhibition of HMGB1 and the neuroprotective effects on attenuating hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic stroke with delayed t-PA treatment. Glycyrrhizin treatment downregulated the expressions of NADPH oxidase p47 phox and p67 phox and iNOS, inhibited superoxide and ONOO- production, reduced the expression of HMGB1, TLR2, MMP-9, preserved type IV collagen and claudin-5 in ischemic brains. Furthermore, glycyrrhizin significantly decreased the mortality rate, attenuated hemorrhagic transformation, brain swelling, blood-brain barrier damage, neuronal apoptosis, and improved neurological outcomes in the ischemic stroke rat model with delayed t-PA treatment. In conclusion, peroxynitrite-mediated HMGB1/TLR2 signaling contributes to hemorrhagic transformation, and glycyrrhizin could be a potential adjuvant therapy to attenuate hemorrhagic transformation, possibly through inhibiting the ONOO-/HMGB1/TLR2 signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Binghe Guan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Haiwei Pu
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Xiaoyu Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Department of Core Facility, The People's Hospital of Bao-an, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Caiming Li
- Department of Neurology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhua Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Kejian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Institution of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suhua Qi
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China.
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China. .,Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. .,Institution of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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41
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Ma S, Liu X, Cheng B, Jia Z, Hua H, Xin Y. Chemical characterization of polysaccharides isolated from scrophularia ningpoensis and its protective effect on the cerebral ischemia/reperfusin injury in rat model. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:955-966. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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42
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Tsoi B, Wang S, Gao C, Luo Y, Li W, Yang D, Yang D, Shen J. Realgar and cinnabar are essential components contributing to neuroprotection of Angong Niuhuang Wan with no hepatorenal toxicity in transient ischemic brain injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 377:114613. [PMID: 31207256 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Realgar and cinnabar are commonly used mineral medicine containing arsenic and mercury in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Angong Niuhuang Wan (AGNHW) is a representative realgar- and cinnabar-containing TCM formula for treating acute ischemic stroke, but its toxicology and neuropharmacological effects are not well addressed. In this study, we compared the neuropharmacological effects of AGNHW and modified AGNHW in an experimental ischemic stroke rat model. Male SD rats were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) plus 22 h of reperfusion. Although oral administration of AGNHW for 7 days in the rats increased arsenic level in the blood and liver tissue, there were no significant changes in the arsenic level in kidney, mercury level in the blood, liver and kidney as well as hepatic and renal functions in MCAO rats. AGNHW revealed neuroprotective properties by reducing infarction volume, preserving blood-brain barrier integrity and improving neurological functions against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Interestingly, removing realgar and/or cinnabar from AGNHW abolished the neuroprotective effects. Meanwhile, AGNHW could scavenge peroxynitrite, down-regulate the expression of p47phox, 3-NT and MMP-9 and up-regulate the expression of ZO-1 and claudin-5 in the ischemic brains, which were abolished by removing realgar and/or cinnabar from AGNHW. Notably, realgar or cinnabar had no neuroprotection when used alone. Taken together, oral administration of AGNHW for one week should be safe for treating ischemic stroke with neuroprotective effects. Realgar and cinnabar are necessary elements with synergetic actions with other herbal materials for the neuroprotective effects of AGNHW against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bun Tsoi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chong Gao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yunhao Luo
- School of Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenting Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Depo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Zuo X, Lu J, Manaenko A, Qi X, Tang J, Mei Q, Xia Y, Hu Q. MicroRNA-132 attenuates cerebral injury by protecting blood-brain-barrier in MCAO mice. Exp Neurol 2019; 316:12-19. [PMID: 30930097 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been widely reported to induce posttranscriptional gene silencing and led to an explosion of new strategies for the treatment of human disease. It has been reported that the expression of MicroRNA-132 (miR-132) are altered both in the blood and brain after stroke. However, the effect of miR-132 on blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in ischemia stroke has not been studied. Here we will investigate the effects of miR-132 on the permeability of BBB after ischemic stroke and explore the potential mechanism underlying observed protection. Eight week-old mice were injected intracerebroventricularly with miR-132, antagomir-132 or agomir negative control (agomir-NC) 2 h before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), followed by animal behavior tests and infraction volume measurement at 24 h after MCAO. BBB permeability and integrity were measured by Evan's blue extravasation and brain water content. The expression of tight junction proteins was detected by immnostaining and Western blots. The level of MiR-132 and its targeted gene Mmp9 were assayed. Treatment with exogenous MiR-132 (agomir-132) decreased the infraction volume, reduced brain edema, and improved neurological functions compared to control mice. Agomir-132 increased the level of MiR-132 in brain tissue, suppressed the expression of MMP-9 mRNA and decreased the degradation of tight junction proteins VE-cadherin and β-Catenin in ischemic stroke mice. Inhibition of MMP-9 has a similar protective effect to agomir-132 on infraction volume, brain edema, and tight-junction protein expression after MCAO. Our results indicated that miR-132/MMP-9 axis might be a novel therapeutic target for BBB protection in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Haikou, China; Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfei Lu
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Anatol Manaenko
- Departments of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xin Qi
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Qiyong Mei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Haikou, China.
| | - Qin Hu
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Peng T, Jiang Y, Farhan M, Lazarovici P, Chen L, Zheng W. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicines on Preclinical in vivo Models of Brain Ischemia-Reperfusion-Injury: Prospects for Neuroprotective Drug Discovery and Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:204. [PMID: 30930774 PMCID: PMC6423897 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired brain ischemia-and reperfusion-injury (IRI), including both Ischemic stroke (IS) and Traumatic Brain injury (TBI), is one of the most common causes of disability and death in adults and represents a major burden in both western and developing countries worldwide. China’s clinical neurological therapeutic experience in the use of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), including TCM-derived active compounds, Chinese herbs, TCM formulations and decoction, in brain IRI diseases indicated a trend of significant improvement in patients’ neurological deficits, calling for blind, placebo-controlled and randomized clinical trials with careful meta-analysis evaluation. There are many TCMs in use for brain IRI therapy in China with significant therapeutic effects in preclinical studies using different brain IRI-animal. The basic hypothesis in this field claims that in order to avoid the toxicity and side effects of the complex TCM formulas, individual isolated and identified compounds that exhibited neuroprotective properties could be used as lead compounds for the development of novel drugs. China’s efforts in promoting TCMs have contributed to an explosive growth of the preclinical research dedicated to the isolation and identification of TCM-derived neuroprotective lead compounds. Tanshinone, is a typical example of TCM-derived lead compounds conferring neuroprotection toward IRI in animals with brain middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or TBI models. Recent reports show the significance of the inflammatory response accompanying brain IRI. This response appears to contribute to both primary and secondary ischemic pathology, and therefore anti-inflammatory strategies have become popular by targeting pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, other inflammatory mediators, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and several transcriptional factors. Here, we review recent selected studies and discuss further considerations for critical reevaluation of the neuroprotection hypothesis of TCMs in IRI therapy. Moreover, we will emphasize several TCM’s mechanisms of action and attempt to address the most promising compounds and the obstacles to be overcome before they will enter the clinic for IRI therapy. We hope that this review will further help in investigations of neuroprotective effects of novel molecular entities isolated from Chinese herbal medicines and will stimulate performance of clinical trials of Chinese herbal medicine-derived drugs in IRI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangming Peng
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Neurosurgical Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Yizhou Jiang
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Mohd Farhan
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Neurosurgical Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Huang Q, Zhong W, Hu Z, Tang X. A review of the role of cav-1 in neuropathology and neural recovery after ischemic stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:348. [PMID: 30572925 PMCID: PMC6302517 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke starts a series of pathophysiological processes that cause brain injury. Caveolin-1 (cav-1) is an integrated protein and locates at the caveolar membrane. It has been demonstrated that cav-1 can protect blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity by inhibiting matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) which degrade tight junction proteins. This article reviews recent developments in understanding the mechanisms underlying BBB dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress after ischemic stroke, and focuses on how cav-1 modulates a series of activities after ischemic stroke. In general, cav-1 reduces BBB permeability mainly by downregulating MMP9, reduces neuroinflammation through influencing cytokines and inflammatory cells, promotes nerve regeneration and angiogenesis via cav-1/VEGF pathway, reduces apoptosis, and reduces the damage mediated by oxidative stress. In addition, we also summarize some experimental results that are contrary to the above and explore possible reasons for these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Road 139#, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Road 139#, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Road 139#, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangqi Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Road 139#, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Chen H, Chen X, Luo Y, Shen J. Potential molecular targets of peroxynitrite in mediating blood–brain barrier damage and haemorrhagic transformation in acute ischaemic stroke with delayed tissue plasminogen activator treatment. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1220-1239. [PMID: 30468092 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1521519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, PR China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Core Facility, the People’s Hospital of Bao-an Shenzhen, Shenzhen, PR China
- The 8th People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, the Affiliated Bao-an Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yunhao Luo
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, PR China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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47
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Li HZ, Chen JF, Liu M, Shen J. Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in rats with global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1725-1730. [PMID: 30372875 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in rats with global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and explore possible mechanisms. METHODS A rat model of global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury established via Pulsinelli four-vessel occlusion method and a total of 162 Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, including sham group, global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion group (IR group) and hyperbaric oxygen treated group (HBO group). Permeability of the blood-brain barrier of these rats were evaluated by Evans Blue staining. The expression of caveolin-1 and tight junction protein ZO-1 was examined by Immunohistochemistry staining and western-blotting. RESULTS Successfully establishment of the rat model was verified by W:D ratio, and significantly increased Evans Blue level was found in IR group compared to control group, whereas hyperbaric treatment could result in decreased Evans Blue level in HBO group. Increased expression of caveolin-1 and tight junction protein ZO-1 were found in rats with hyperbaric oxygen exposure compared to those in IS group. CONCLUSIONS Hyperbaric oxygen exposure improved the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in rats with global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, and increased expression of caveolin-1 and tight junction protein ZO-1 were involved in the mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhi Li
- Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai, 201508, PR China; Medical Center of Chemical Injury, Shanghai, 201508, PR China; Medical Research Centre for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Care, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, PR China
| | - Jun-Feng Chen
- Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai, 201508, PR China; Medical Center of Chemical Injury, Shanghai, 201508, PR China; Medical Research Centre for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Care, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, PR China
| | - Ming Liu
- Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai, 201508, PR China; Medical Center of Chemical Injury, Shanghai, 201508, PR China; Medical Research Centre for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Care, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, PR China
| | - Jie Shen
- Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai, 201508, PR China; Medical Center of Chemical Injury, Shanghai, 201508, PR China; Medical Research Centre for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Care, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, PR China.
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48
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A new platform for international collaboration on pharmacology and drug development: 2017 China-Canada-USA Pharmacology/Physiology Conference. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:659-660. [PMID: 29728706 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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49
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Xu T, Ma C, Fan S, Deng N, Lian Y, Tan L, Du W, Zhang S, Liu S, Ren B, Li Z, Wang Q, Wang X, Cheng F. Systematic Understanding of the Mechanism of Baicalin against Ischemic Stroke through a Network Pharmacology Approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:2582843. [PMID: 30647760 PMCID: PMC6311886 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2582843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is accompanied by high mortality and morbidity rates. At present, there is no effective clinical treatment. Alternatively, traditional Chinese medicine has been widely used in China and Japan for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Baicalin is a flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis that has been shown to be effective against ischemic stroke; however, its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Based on network pharmacology, we explored the potential mechanism of baicalin on a system level. After obtaining baicalin structural information from the PubChem database, an approach combined with literature mining and PharmMapper prediction was used to uncover baicalin targets. Ischemic stroke-related targets were gathered with the help of DrugBank, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Genetic Association Database (GAD), and Therapeutic Target Database (TTD). Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed through the Cytoscape plugin BisoGenet and analyzed by topological methods. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were carried out via the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) server. We obtained a total of 386 potential targets and 5 signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and forkhead box (FOXO) signaling pathways. GO analysis showed that these targets were associated with antiapoptosis, antioxidative stress, anti-inflammation, and other physiopathological processes that are involved in anti-ischemic stroke effects. In summary, the mechanism of baicalin against ischemic stroke involved multiple targets and signaling pathways. Our study provides a network pharmacology framework for future research on traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chongyang Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuning Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Nang Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yajun Lian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ling Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weizhe Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuling Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Beida Ren
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhenhan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qinguo Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fafeng Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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