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Roso-Mares A, Andújar I, Díaz Corpas T, Sun BK. Non-coding RNAs as skin disease biomarkers, molecular signatures, and therapeutic targets. Hum Genet 2024; 143:801-812. [PMID: 37580609 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as biomarkers, molecular signatures, and therapeutic tools and targets for diseases. In this review, we focus specifically on skin diseases to highlight how two classes of ncRNAs-microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs-are being used to diagnose medical conditions of unclear etiology, improve our ability to guide treatment response, and predict disease prognosis. Furthermore, we explore how ncRNAs are being used as both as drug targets and associated therapies have unique benefits, risks, and challenges to development, but offer a distinctive promise for improving patient care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Roso-Mares
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Andújar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tania Díaz Corpas
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bryan K Sun
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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2
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Gao J, Shi W, Wang J, Guan C, Dong Q, Sheng J, Zou X, Xu Z, Ge Y, Yang C, Li J, Bao H, Zhong X, Cui Y. Research progress and applications of epigenetic biomarkers in cancer. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1308309. [PMID: 38681199 PMCID: PMC11048075 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1308309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes are heritable changes in gene expression without changes in the nucleotide sequence of genes. Epigenetic changes play an important role in the development of cancer and in the process of malignancy metastasis. Previous studies have shown that abnormal epigenetic changes can be used as biomarkers for disease status and disease prediction. The reversibility and controllability of epigenetic modification changes also provide new strategies for early disease prevention and treatment. In addition, corresponding drug development has also reached the clinical stage. In this paper, we will discuss the recent progress and application status of tumor epigenetic biomarkers from three perspectives: DNA methylation, non-coding RNA, and histone modification, in order to provide new opportunities for additional tumor research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Gao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wujiang Shi
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiangang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Canghai Guan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingfu Dong
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jialin Sheng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinlei Zou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yifei Ge
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chengru Yang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiehan Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haolin Bao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhong
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Jacksi M, Schad E, Tantos A. Morphological Changes Induced by TKS4 Deficiency Can Be Reversed by EZH2 Inhibition in Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. Biomolecules 2024; 14:445. [PMID: 38672463 PMCID: PMC11047920 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The scaffold protein tyrosine kinase substrate 4 (TKS4) undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway via Src kinase. The TKS4 deficiency in humans is responsible for the manifestation of a genetic disorder known as Frank-Ter Haar syndrome (FTHS). Based on our earlier investigation, the absence of TKS4 triggers migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like phenomena while concurrently suppressing cell proliferation in HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells. This indicates that TKS4 may play a unique role in the progression of cancer. In this study, we demonstrated that the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and the histone methyltransferase of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) are involved in the migration, invasion, and EMT-like changes in TKS4-deficient cells (KO). EZH2 is responsible for the maintenance of the trimethylated lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3). METHODS We performed transcriptome sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation, protein and RNA quantitative studies, cell mobility, invasion, and proliferation studies combined with/without the EZH2 activity inhibitor 3-deazanoplanocine (DZNep). RESULTS We detected an elevation of global H3K27me3 levels in the TKS4 KO cells, which could be reduced with treatment with DZNep, an EZH2 inhibitor. Inhibition of EZH2 activity reversed the phenotypic effects of the knockout of TKS4, reducing the migration speed and wound healing capacity of the cells as well as decreasing the invasion capacity, while the decrease in cell proliferation became stronger. In addition, inhibition of EZH2 activity also reversed most epithelial and mesenchymal markers. We investigated the wider impact of TKS4 deletion on the gene expression profile of colorectal cancer cells using transcriptome sequencing of wild-type and TKS4 knockout cells, particularly before and after treatment with DZNep. Additionally, we observed changes in the expression of several protein-coding genes and long non-coding RNAs that showed a recovery in expression levels following EZH2 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the removal of TKS4 causes a notable disruption in the gene expression pattern, leading to the disruption of several signal transduction pathways. Inhibiting the activity of EZH2 can restore most of these transcriptomics and phenotypic effects in colorectal carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mevan Jacksi
- HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (M.J.); (E.S.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Zakho, Duhok 42002, Iraq
| | - Eva Schad
- HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (M.J.); (E.S.)
| | - Agnes Tantos
- HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (M.J.); (E.S.)
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4
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Deb P, Chini A, Guha P, Rishi A, Bhan A, Brady B, Perrotti LI, Mandal SS. Dynamic regulation of BDNF gene expression by estradiol and lncRNA HOTAIR. Gene 2024; 897:148055. [PMID: 38043834 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a major neurotransmitter that controls growth and maintenance of neurons and its misregulation is linked to neurodegeneration and human diseases. Estradiol (E2) is well-known to regulate the process of differentiation and plasticity of hippocampal neurons. Here we examined the mechanisms of BDNF gene regulation under basal conditions and under stimuli such as E2. Our results demonstrated that BDNF expression is induced by E2 in vitro in HT22 cells (hippocampal neuronal cells) and in vivo (in ovariectomized mouse brain under E2-treatment). Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we demonstrated that estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ) were enriched at the BDNF promoter in presence of E2. Additionally, ER-coregulators (e.g., CBP/p300, MLL3), histone acetylation, H3K4-trimethylation, and RNA polymerase II levels were also elevated at the BDNF promoter in an E2-dependent manner. Additionally, under the basal conditions (in the absence of E2), the long noncoding RNA HOTAIR and its interacting partners PRC2 and LSD1 complexes binds to the promoter of BDNF and represses its expression. HOTAIR knockdown -relieves the repression resulting in elevation of BDNF expression. Further, levels of HOTAIR-interacting partners, EZH2 and LSD1 were reduced at the BDNF promoter upon HOTAIR-knockdown revealing that HOTAIR plays a regulatory role in BDNF gene expression by modulating promoter histone modifications. Additionally, we showed that E2 induced-BDNF expression is mediated by the displacement of silencing factors, EZH2 and LSD1 at BDNF promoter and subsequent recruitment of active transcription machinery. These results reveal the mechanisms of BDNF gene regulation under the basal condition and in presence of a positive regulator such as E2 in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Deb
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Lab, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Avisankar Chini
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Lab, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Prarthana Guha
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Lab, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Ashcharya Rishi
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Lab, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Arunoday Bhan
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Lab, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Blake Brady
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Linda I Perrotti
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Subhrangsu S Mandal
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Lab, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States.
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Nemeth K, Bayraktar R, Ferracin M, Calin GA. Non-coding RNAs in disease: from mechanisms to therapeutics. Nat Rev Genet 2024; 25:211-232. [PMID: 37968332 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00662-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a heterogeneous group of transcripts that, by definition, are not translated into proteins. Since their discovery, ncRNAs have emerged as important regulators of multiple biological functions across a range of cell types and tissues, and their dysregulation has been implicated in disease. Notably, much research has focused on the link between microRNAs (miRNAs) and human cancers, although other ncRNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are also emerging as relevant contributors to human disease. In this Review, we summarize our current understanding of the roles of miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs in cancer and other major human diseases, notably cardiovascular, neurological and infectious diseases. Further, we discuss the potential use of ncRNAs as biomarkers of disease and as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Nemeth
- Translational Molecular Pathology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Recep Bayraktar
- Translational Molecular Pathology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - George A Calin
- Translational Molecular Pathology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- The RNA Interference and Non-coding RNA Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Saikia S, Postwala H, Athilingam VP, Anandan A, Padma VV, Kalita PP, Chorawala M, Prajapati B. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Shadows: Uncovering their Function in Non-Coding Region of Esophageal Cancer. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:1915-1938. [PMID: 38310451 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010265004231116092802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a complex disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in non-coding regions of the genome have emerged as crucial contributors to esophageal cancer susceptibility. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of SNPs in non-coding regions and their association with esophageal cancer. The accumulation of SNPs in the genome has been implicated in esophageal cancer risk. Various studies have identified specific locations in the genome where SNPs are more likely to occur, suggesting a location-specific response. Chromatin conformational studies have shed light on the localization of SNPs and their impact on gene transcription, posttranscriptional modifications, gene expression regulation, and histone modification. Furthermore, miRNA-related SNPs have been found to play a significant role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). These SNPs can affect miRNA binding sites, thereby altering target gene regulation and contributing to ESCC development. Additionally, the risk of ESCC has been linked to base excision repair, suggesting that SNPs in this pathway may influence disease susceptibility. Somatic DNA segment alterations and modified expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) have also been associated with ESCC. These alterations can lead to disrupted gene expression and cellular processes, ultimately contributing to cancer development and progression. Moreover, SNPs have been found to be associated with the long non-coding RNA HOTAIR, which plays a crucial role in ESCC pathogenesis. This review concludes with a discussion of the current and future perspectives in the field of SNPs in non-coding regions and their relevance to esophageal cancer. Understanding the functional implications of these SNPs may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and the development of personalized approaches for esophageal cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surovi Saikia
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Translational Research Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Humzah Postwala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Vishnu Prabhu Athilingam
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Translational Research Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aparna Anandan
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Translational Research Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Vijaya Padma
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Translational Research Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Partha P Kalita
- Program of Biotechnology, Assam Down Town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati 781026, Assam, India
| | - Mehul Chorawala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Bhupendra Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Shree. S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Kherva, Gujarat, India
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Alzeer HS, Shaik JP, Reddy Parine N, Alanazi M, Alamri AA, Bhat RS, Daihan SA. Genetic Variants of HOTAIR Associated with Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study in the Saudi Population. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030592. [PMID: 36980864 PMCID: PMC10047939 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphism in long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HOTAIR is linked with the risk and susceptibility of various cancers in humans. The mechanism involved in the development of CRC is not fully understood but single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can be used to predict its risk and prognosis. In the present case-control study, we investigated the relationship between HOTAIR (rs12826786, rs920778, and rs1899663) polymorphisms and CRC risk in the Saudi population by genotyping using a TaqMan genotyping assay in 144 CRC cases and 144 age- and sex-matched controls. We found a significant (p < 0.05) association between SNP rs920778 G > A and CRC risk, and a protective role of SNPs rs12826786 (C > T) and rs1899663 (C > A) was noticed. The homozygous mutant “AA” genotype at rs920778 (G > A) showed a significant correlation with the female sex and colon tumor site. The homozygous TT in SNP rs12816786 (C > T) showed a significant protective association in the male and homozygous AA of SNP rs1899663 (C > A) with colon tumor site. These results indicate that HOTAIR can be a powerful biomarker for predicting the risk of colorectal cancer in the Saudi population. The association between HOTAIR gene polymorphisms and the risk of CRC in the Saudi population was reported for the first time here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haya Saad Alzeer
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jilani P. Shaik
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Narasimha Reddy Parine
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alanazi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al Alamri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramesa Shafi Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Sooad Al Daihan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
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Long Non-Coding RNA HOTAIR Promotes Human Osteosarcoma Proliferation, Migration through Activation of the Wnt/b-Catenin Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:9667920. [PMID: 36816362 PMCID: PMC9929272 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9667920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
LncRNA HOTAIR exhibited different effects in human cancers. However, the role of HOTAIR was not reported in osteosarcoma. This study aimed to explore the function of HOTAIR in osteosarcoma. Firstly, we examined HOTAIR expression in breast cancer tissues by the RT-qPCR assay and examined HOTAIR protein expression via immunocytochemistry, to chemical assay, and Western blot. Then, for further exploring the function of HOTAIR, we also examined it by CCK-8 and transwell assays. Downregulation of HOTAIR was detected in osteosarcoma, which predicted poor prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma. Moreover, cell migration, invasion, and proliferation were suppressed by HOTAIR overexpression in osteosarcoma. Furthermore, LPR5 was a direct target of HOTAIR, which was upregulated in osteosarcoma. Especially, the upregulation of LPR5 could impair the suppressive effect of HOTAIR in breast cancer. HOTAIR was found to negatively regulate the EMT and Wnt/β-cadherin pathways in osteosarcoma. HOTAIR repressed the progression of osteosarcoma via regulating LPR5 and suppressing the Wnt/β-cadherin pathway. Our findings will provide a positive reference for studying the function of HOTAIR in osteosarcoma.
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Xiang Y, Hua Q. The Role and Mechanism of Long Non-Coding RNA HOTAIR in the Oncogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2023; 17:11795549231169099. [PMID: 37153904 PMCID: PMC10161338 DOI: 10.1177/11795549231169099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The most frequent malignant tumor of the head and neck is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which has a high frequency, a poor prognosis in the late stages, and subpar therapeutic results. As a result, early HNSCC diagnosis and treatment are urgently needed; however, there are no good diagnostic biomarkers or efficient therapeutic targets at this time. The long-stranded non-coding RNA HOTAIR may be important in the pathogenesis of cancer, according to recent research. By interactions with DNA, RNA, and proteins, it has been demonstrated that HOTAIR, a >200 nucleotide RNA transcript, plays a role in the biological processes of many types of tumor cells, including proliferation, metastasis, and prognosis of HNSCC. Hence, this review discusses HOTAIR's function and molecular mechanisms in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qingquan Hua
- Qingquan Hua, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, People’s Republic of China.
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Li Q, Zhang Z, Jiang H, Hou J, Chai Y, Nan H, Li F, Wang L. DLEU1 promotes cell survival by preventing DYNLL1 degradation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2022; 20:245. [PMID: 35619131 PMCID: PMC9134706 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence has highlighted the critical roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tumor development and progression. However, the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of DLEU1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain unclear. METHODS LncRNA expression in ESCC tissues was explored using lncRNA microarray datasets. The functional roles of DLEU1 in ESCC were demonstrated by a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. RNA pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays were performed to demonstrate the potential mechanisms of DLEU1. RESULTS In a screen for differentially expressed lncRNAs in ESCC, we determined that DLEU1 was one of the most overexpressed lncRNAs in ESCC tissues and that upregulated DLEU1 expression was associated with a worse prognosis. Functional assays showed that DLEU1 promoted tumor growth by inhibiting cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, DLEU1 could bind and stabilize DYNLL1 by interfering with RNF114-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. The DLEU1/DYNLL1 axis subsequently upregulated antiapoptotic BCL2 and promoted cell survival. Furthermore, DLEU1 upregulation was at least partly facilitated by promoter hypomethylation. Notably, targeting DLEU1 sensitized ESCC cells to cisplatin-induced death. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that DLEU1-mediated stabilization of DYNLL1 is critical for cell survival and that the DLEU1/DYNLL1 axis may be a promising therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihang Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - HongChao Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuhang Chai
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hongxing Nan
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China. .,Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lianghai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
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11
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Han Y, Zhao G, Shi X, Wang Y, Wen X, Zhang L, Guo X. The Emerging Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Esophageal Cancer: Functions in Tumorigenesis and Clinical Implications. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:885075. [PMID: 35645836 PMCID: PMC9137892 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.885075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignancies of digestive tracts with poor five-year survival rate. Hence, it is very significant to further investigate the occurrence and development mechanism of esophageal cancer, find more effective biomarkers and promote early diagnosis and effective treatment. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are generally defined as non-protein-coding RNAs with more than 200 nucleotides in length. Existing researches have shown that lncRNAs could act as sponges, guides, scaffolds, and signal molecules to influence the oncogene or tumor suppressor expressions at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and protein levels in crucial cellular processes. Currently, the dysregulated lncRNAs are reported to involve in the pathogenesis and progression of EC. Importantly, targeting EC-related lncRNAs through genome editing, RNA interference and molecule drugs may be one of the most potential therapeutic methods for the future EC treatment. In this review, we summarized the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs, including oncogenic lncRNAs and tumor suppressor lncRNAs in EC. In addition, we generalized the excellent potential lncRNA candidates for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy in EC. Finally, we discussed the current challenges and opportunities of lncRNAs for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Han
- Departments of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Guo Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xinhang Shi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yushan Wang
- Departments of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiangqian Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangqian Guo,
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12
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Yang C, Chen K. Long Non-Coding RNA in Esophageal Cancer: A Review of Research Progress. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610140. [PMID: 35241975 PMCID: PMC8885534 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been significant progress in the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer. However, owing to the lack of early diagnosis strategies and treatment targets, the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer remains unsatisfactory. There is an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers and treatment targets for esophageal cancer. With the development of genomics, long-chain non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs), which were once considered transcriptional “noise,” are being identified and characterized rapidly in large numbers. Recent research shows that LncRNAs are closely related to a series of steps in tumor development and play an important regulatory role in DNA replication, transcription, and post-transcriptional regulation. The abnormal expression of LncRNAs leads to tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and treatment resistance. This review focuses on the latest progress in research on the abnormal expression and functional mechanisms of LncRNAs in esophageal cancer. Further, it discusses the potential applications of these findings towards achieving an early diagnosis, improving treatment efficacy, and evaluating the prognosis of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbo Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kuisheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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13
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Peng Y, Li H, Fu Y, Guo S, Qu C, Zhang Y, Zong B, Liu S. JAM2 predicts a good prognosis and inhibits invasion and migration by suppressing EMT pathway in breast cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 103:108430. [PMID: 34923424 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Large-scale epidemiological surveys have shown that patients with Down syndrome, which is caused by a chromosomal abnormality (an extra chromosome 21), are significantly less likely to develop solid tumors, including breast cancer, than those without. This feature has prompted the search for oncogenes located on chromosome 21. Junctional adhesion molecule 2 (JAM2), which is located on chromosome 21, is expressed at low levels in breast cancer and is associated with a good prognosis. These findings strongly suggest that JAM2 may be a potential oncogene suppressor in breast cancer. However, the role and function of JAM2 in breast cancer are not yet clear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the biological functions and mechanisms of JAM2 in breast cancer. METHODS Several databases were used to explore JAM2 expression in breast cancer and to analyze its diagnostic and prognostic value in breast cancer. Changes in relevant markers were examined at the gene and protein levels using RT-qPCR and Western blot techniques, in addition, cell migration and invasion abilities were identified by scratch assays and transwell assays. Untargeted metabolomics, transcriptome sequencing and Luminex liquid suspension chip detection were performed in combination to study the mechanisms. RESULTS JAM2 is expressed at low levels in breast cancer, and patients with high JAM2 expression have a good prognosis, indicating that JAM2 has good clinical diagnostic and prognostic value. Overexpression of JAM2 can block the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells, and the mechanism may be that JAM2 inhibits the EMT pathway. Finally, combined multiomics analysis revealed that JAM2 may affect the immune microenvironment of breast cancer by influencing the secretion of CXCL9/10 from tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Peng
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yong Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Dianjiang People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 408300, China
| | - Shipeng Guo
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chi Qu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Beige Zong
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shengchun Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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14
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Identification of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition- (EMT-) Related LncRNA for Prognostic Prediction and Risk Stratification in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:5340240. [PMID: 34712369 PMCID: PMC8548124 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5340240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is significantly associated with the invasion and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the importance of EMT-related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is little known in ESCC. Methods GSE53624 (N = 119) and GSE53622 (N = 60) datasets retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used as training and external validation cohorts, respectively. GSE53624 and GSE53622 datasets were all sampled from China. Then, the prognostic value of EMT-related lncRNA was comprehensively investigated by weighted coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and COX regression model. Results High expression of PLA2G4E-AS1, AC063976.1, and LINC01592 significantly correlated with the favorable overall survival (OS) of ESCC patients, and LINC01592 had the greatest contribution to OS. Importantly, ESCC patients were divided into low- and high-risk groups based on the optimal cut-off value of risk score estimated by the multivariate COX regression model of these three lncRNA. Patients with high risk had a shorter OS rate and restricted mean survival time (RMST) than those with low risk. Moreover, univariate and multivariate COX regression revealed that risk stratification, age, and TNM were independent prognostic predictors, which were used to construct a nomogram model for individualized and visualized prognosis prediction of ESCC patients. The calibration curves and time-dependent ROC curves in the training and validation cohorts suggested that the nomogram model had a good performance. Interestingly, clear trends indicated that risk score positively correlated with tumor microenvironment (TME) scores and immune checkpoints TIGIT, CTLA4, and BTLA. In addition, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) showed that PLA2G4E-AS1, AC063976.1, and LINC01592 were primarily associated with TNF signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, and ECM-receptor interaction. Conclusion We developed EMT-related lncRNA PLA2G4E-AS1, AC063976.1, and LINC01592 for prognostic prediction and risk stratification of Chinese ESCC patients, which might provide deep insight for personalized prognosis prediction in Chinese ESCC patients and be potential biomarkers for designing novel therapy.
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15
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Xue J, Huang S, Chen J, Chen YZ, Shao ZM, Wu J, Chi Y. Overexpression of Long Non-Coding RNA Linc01315 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:562378. [PMID: 34676156 PMCID: PMC8524084 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.562378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background LncRNAs have been shown to play critical roles in regulating tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Using LncRNAs to predict prognosis and therapeutic response to cancer treatment has been caused for concern, but the predictive value of lncRNAs remains to be explored and underlying mechanisms have not been completely understood. Methods The Linc01315 expression level was detected in 282 breast cancer tissues by using quantitative RT-PCR. The association between Linc01315 expression level and clinicopathological features of these breast cancer patients was further analyzed. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate Linc01315 predictive value of patients’ prognosis. Results Our study revealed that Linc01315 expression level was significantly correlated with vessel invasion (P = 0.028) and tumor subtype (P = 0.039). The Kaplan–Meier survival curves demonstrated that patients with lower Linc01315 expression level had significantly longer disease free survival (DFS) (P = 0.002) and overall survival (OS) (P=0.019). Multiple regression analysis showed that Linc01315 level could be an independent predictive factor for DFS (hazards ratio = 0.613, 95% confidence interval = 0.375-1.003; P = 0.049) and OS (hazards ratio = 0.439, 95% confidence interval = 0.228-0.845; P = 0.014). Further analysis showed that low Linc01315 level patients with endocrine therapy could benefit patients DFS (P=0.037) and OS (P=0.025). Conclusion Our results demonstrate that Linc01315 expression level is significantly correlated with breast cancer patients’ prognosis. Linc01315 may represent an independent prognostic marker and therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- The 2nd Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Cancer Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Jiaying Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Zuo Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Min Shao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yayun Chi
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Xu ML, Liu TC, Dong FX, Meng LX, Ling AX, Liu S. Exosomal lncRNA LINC01711 facilitates metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via the miR-326/FSCN1 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:19776-19788. [PMID: 34370713 PMCID: PMC8386530 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a malignant tumor with a five-year survival rate of less than 20%. Early diagnosis and exploration of esophageal cancer pathogenesis are of great significance for the treatment and prognosis of esophageal cancer. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of different types of tumors. However, the role of exosome LncRNA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is rarely reported. In this study, we detected high expression of lncRNA LINC01711 in ESCC tissues and was associated with poor prognosis. Silencing LINC01711 can inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion, and growth of ESCC cell lines, and induce apoptosis. Linc01711 was identified as a competitive endogenous RNA that suppressed miR-326, and up-regulated the expression of fascin actin-bundling protein 1 (FSCN1). Besides, in vivo experiments showed that the administration of exosome-derived LINC01711 (LINC01711-Exo) promoted the growth of tumors in nude mice. In general, exosomal LINC01711 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of esophageal cancer cells by up-regulating FSCN1 and down-regulating miR-326, thus improved the occurrence and development of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Xu
- Department of Oncology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tian-Cheng Liu
- First Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Juxian, Rizhao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Feng-Xiang Dong
- First Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Juxian, Rizhao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ling-Xin Meng
- Department of Oncology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ai-Xia Ling
- Department of Physical-Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jining Medical College, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong Province, China
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Kozłowska J, Kolenda T, Poter P, Sobocińska J, Guglas K, Stasiak M, Bliźniak R, Teresiak A, Lamperska K. Long Intergenic Non-Coding RNAs in HNSCC: From "Junk DNA" to Important Prognostic Factor. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2949. [PMID: 34204634 PMCID: PMC8231241 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common and fatal cancers worldwide. Even a multimodal approach consisting of standard chemo- and radiotherapy along with surgical resection is only effective in approximately 50% of the cases. The rest of the patients develop a relapse of the disease and acquire resistance to treatment. Especially this group of individuals needs novel, personalized, targeted therapy. The first step to discovering such solutions is to investigate the tumor microenvironment, thus understanding the role and mechanism of the function of coding and non-coding sequences of the human genome. In recent years, RNA molecules gained great interest when the complex character of their impact on our biology allowed them to come out of the shadows of the "junk DNA" label. Furthermore, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), specifically the intergenic subgroup (lincRNA), are one of the most aberrantly expressed in several malignancies, which makes them particularly promising future diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review contains characteristics of known and validated lincRNAs in HNSCC, such as XIST, MALAT, HOTAIR, HOTTIP, lincRNA-p21, LINC02487, LINC02195, LINC00668, LINC00519, LINC00511, LINC00460, LINC00312, and LINC00052, with a description of their prognostic abilities. Even though much work remains to be done, lincRNAs are important factors in cancer biology that will become valuable biomarkers of tumor stage, outcome prognosis, and contribution to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kozłowska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (T.K.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Kolenda
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (T.K.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paulina Poter
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Greater Poland Cancer Centere, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Rybacka 1, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Sobocińska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (T.K.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Kacper Guglas
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (T.K.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Zwirki 61 and ul. Wigury, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Stasiak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (T.K.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Renata Bliźniak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (T.K.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Anna Teresiak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (T.K.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Lamperska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (T.K.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.T.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
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18
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Luan S, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Zeng X, Xiao X, Liu B, Yuan Y. The emerging role of long noncoding RNAs in esophageal carcinoma: from underlying mechanisms to clinical implications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3403-3422. [PMID: 33464385 PMCID: PMC11071794 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a type of transcriptional product more than 200 nucleotides in length, have emerged as crucial regulators in human cancers. Accumulating data have recently indicated relationships between lncRNAs and esophageal carcinoma (EC). Of note, lncRNAs act as decoys/sponges, scaffolds, guides, and signals to regulate the expression of oncogenes or tumor suppressors at epigenetic, post-transcriptional, and protein levels, through which they exert their unique EC-driving or EC-suppressive functions. Moreover, the features of EC-related lncRNAs have been gradually exploited for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in clinical scenarios. LncRNAs have the potential to be used as diagnostic and prognostic indicators individually or in combination with other clinical variables. Beyond these, although the time is not yet ripe, therapeutically targeting EC-related lncRNAs via gene editing, antisense oligonucleotides, RNA interference, and small molecules is likely one of the most promising therapeutic strategies for the next generation of cancer treatment. Herein, we focus on summarizing EC-driving/suppressive lncRNAs, as well as discussing their different features regarding expression profiles, modes of action, and oncological effects. Moreover, we further discuss current challenges and future developing possibilities of capitalizing on lncRNAs for EC early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Luan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yushang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zeng
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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19
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Xue W, Zheng Y, Shen Z, Li L, Fan Z, Wang W, Zhu Z, Zhai Y, Zhao J, Kan Q. Involvement of long non-coding RNAs in the progression of esophageal cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:371-388. [PMID: 33605567 PMCID: PMC8118593 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system with high incidence and mortality rate worldwide. Therefore, exploring the pathogenesis of EC and searching for new targeted therapies are the current research hotspot for EC treatment. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are endogenous RNAs with more than 200 nucleotides, but without protein‐coding function. In recent years, lncRNAs have gradually become the focuses in the field of non‐coding RNA. Some lncRNAs have been proved to be closely related to the pathogenesis of EC. Many lncRNAs are abnormally expressed in EC and participate in many biological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis by inhibiting or promoting target gene expression. LncRNAs can also regulate the progression of EC through epithelial‐mesenchymal transformation (EMT), which is closely related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of EC. In this article, we review and discuss the involvement of lncRNAs in the progression of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China.,Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Zhibo Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China.,Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China.,Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Zhirui Fan
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Zijia Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Yunkai Zhai
- Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China.,Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China
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20
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El-Fattah AAA, Sadik NAH, Shaker OG, Mohamed Kamal A, Shahin NN. Serum Long Non-Coding RNAs PVT1, HOTAIR, and NEAT1 as Potential Biomarkers in Egyptian Women with Breast Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:301. [PMID: 33670447 PMCID: PMC7922136 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs play an important role in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis in several types of cancer. However, the clinical significance of using lncRNAs as biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis is still poorly investigated. In this study, we analyzed the serum expression levels of lncRNAs PVT1, HOTAIR, NEAT1, and MALAT1, and their associated proteins, PAI-1, and OPN, in breast cancer patients compared to fibroadenoma patients and healthy subjects. Using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), we compared the serum expression levels of the four circulating lncRNAs in patients with breast cancer (n = 50), fibroadenoma (n = 25), and healthy controls (n = 25). The serum levels of PAI-1 and OPN were measured using ELISA. Receiveroperating-characteristic (ROC) analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to evaluate the diagnostic value of the selected parameters. The serum levels of HOTAIR, PAI-1, and OPN were significantly higher in breast cancer patients compared to controls and fibroadenoma patients. The serum level of PVT1 was significantly higher in breast cancer patients than in the controls, while that of NEAT1 was significantly lower in breast cancer patients compared to controls and fibroadenoma patients. Both ROC and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that PAI-1 has the greatest power in discriminating breast cancer from the control, whereas HOTAIR, PAI-1, and OPN have the greatest power in discriminating breast cancer from fibroadenoma patients. In conclusion, our data suggest that the serum levels of PVT1, HOTAIR, NEAT1, PAI-1, and OPN could serve as promising diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ahmed Abd El-Fattah
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Einy Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (A.A.A.E.-F.); (N.A.H.S.); (N.N.S.)
| | - Nermin Abdel Hamid Sadik
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Einy Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (A.A.A.E.-F.); (N.A.H.S.); (N.N.S.)
| | - Olfat Gamil Shaker
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
| | - Amal Mohamed Kamal
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Einy Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (A.A.A.E.-F.); (N.A.H.S.); (N.N.S.)
| | - Nancy Nabil Shahin
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Einy Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (A.A.A.E.-F.); (N.A.H.S.); (N.N.S.)
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21
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Ye H, Mulmi Shrestha S, Zhu J, Ding Y, Shi R. Long non‑coding RNA LINC00491 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:33. [PMID: 33537830 PMCID: PMC7891827 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignant tumor in the human digestive system, which affects the physical and mental health of the patient. Long non-coding (lnc)RNAs have been revealed to play an important role in human malignant tumors. Moreover, long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 491 (LINC00491) is a newly discovered lncRNA that can affect the prognosis of cancer. The present study aimed to explore the expression of LINC00491 in ESCC tissues and cells. The reverse transcription-quantitative PCR results suggested that LINC00491 was upregulated in ESCC tissues and cells. LINC00491 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells were knocked down. Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing, Transwell and apoptosis assays were performed to detect the effects of LINC00491 knockdown on cell biological behavior. The results showed that lower expression of LINC00491 resulted in decreased cell proliferation and migration and increased the apoptosis rate. Therefore, the present results indicated that lncRNA LINC00491 promoted the biological processes of ESCC, and thus LINC00491 may be a potential therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ye
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | | | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ruihua Shi
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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22
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Seo SI, Yoon JH, Byun HJ, Lee SK. HOTAIR Induces Methylation of PCDH10, a Tumor Suppressor Gene, by Regulating DNMT1 and Sponging with miR-148b in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Yonsei Med J 2021; 62:118-128. [PMID: 33527791 PMCID: PMC7859685 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2021.62.2.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), as a long non-coding RNA, has been reported to regulate carcinogenesis by epigenetic mechanism in various cancers. Protocadherin 10 (PCDH10) is one of the well-known tumor suppressor genes, and is frequently methylated in gastric cancers (GC). We aimed to investigate the detailed pathway of how HOTAIR contributes to the target gene in gastric carcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the mechanism of HOTAIR on carcinogenesis and metastasis of GC. Methylation-specific PCR was performed to identify the interaction between HOTAIR and PCDH10. In addition, we investigated the interaction between miR-148b and HOTAIR by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. RESULTS The expression of HOTAIR was significantly upregulated in GC tissues (p<0.05) and GC cell lines (p<0.01), while PCDH10 was downregulated in GC tissues (p<0.05). The knockdown of HOTAIR (si-HOTAIR1 and 2) significantly upregulated the mRNA/protein expression of PCDH10 and reduced the methylation of PCDH10 compared to the control in MKN 28 and MKN 74. Si-HOTAIR1 and 2 significantly reduced DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression, and overexpression of HOTAIR increased DNMT1 expression. In RIP, we found that miR-148b interacted with HOTAIR. Si-HOTAIRs increased miR-148b expression, and miR-148b mimic inversely reduced HOTAIR expression. Si-HOTAIRs and miR-148b mimic reduced DNMT1 expression and increased PCDH10 expression compared to the control. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that HOTAIR interacts with miR-148b and DNMT1, eventually leading to PCDH10 methylation, which contributes to the progression of GC. Our findings provide a better understanding for detailed pathway of HOTAIR in epigenetic mechanism of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung In Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Ho Yoon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Joo Byun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Kil Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
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23
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Abdi E, Latifi-Navid S, Latifi-Navid H, Safaralizadeh R. LncRNA polymorphisms and upper gastrointestinal cancer risk. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 218:153324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Dashti S, Farsi M, Taheri M. HOX transcript antisense RNA: An oncogenic lncRNA in diverse malignancies. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 118:104578. [PMID: 33238156 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) is a transcript produced from the antisense strand of the HOXC gene cluster and influencing expression of genes from the HOXD locus. HOTAIR has prominent roles in different aspects of carcinogenic process from cancer initiation to metastasis. A number of in vitro, in vivo and human investigations have confirmed the oncogenic impacts of HOTAIR. The diagnostic power of HOTAIR in distinguishing cancer status from healthy status has been optimal in gastric cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma and colorectal cancer. The most important achievement in this regard has been provided by studies that verified diagnostic value of this lncRNA in the serum samples, potentiating its application in non-invasive diagnosis of cancer. Moreover, HOTAIR has a crucial role in determination of response of cancer cells to therapeutic modalities. The current review aims to explain the outlines of these studies to emphasize its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Dashti
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Molood Farsi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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Wang Y, Wang S, Ren Y, Zhou X. The Role of lncRNA Crosstalk in Leading Cancer Metastasis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:561833. [PMID: 33123473 PMCID: PMC7566906 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.561833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common type of human malignancy. For decades, research into HNSCC invasion and metastasis has been dedicated to the study of protein-coding genes. Along with whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing development, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has attracted greater attention. Compelling evidence has proven the critical role of lncRNAs in the occurrence and development of HNSCC by means of epigenetic modifications, regulation of gene transcription, and post-transcription level. More importantly, crosstalk between lncRNAs and microRNAs was recently proven to regulate HNSCC metastasis through EMT modification. Based on these, this review summarizes the critical roles of lncRNAs in HNSCC metastasis and the crosstalk between lncRNAs and microRNAs as well as the detailed regulatory mechanism of the interaction. Thus, a deeper understanding of the lncRNA network in cancer metastasis is finally uncovered in order to provide a rationale and innovative concepts toward new therapeutic strategies for the highly metastatic HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Sinan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Gastroenterology and Hepatology Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Ren
- Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
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26
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Li ZW, Zhang TY, Yue GJ, Tian X, Wu JZ, Feng GY, Wang YS. Small nucleolar RNA host gene 22 (SNHG22) promotes the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by miR-429/SESN3 axis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1007. [PMID: 32953807 PMCID: PMC7475482 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background It has been observed that lncRNAs have been taking part in many cancer progressions, including non-small cell lung cancer and gastric cancer. Meanwhile, lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 22 (SNHG22) has been studied, taking part in the progression of ovarian epithelial carcinoma. However, we know little about the function of SNHG22 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods In this study, we will explore the inner mechanism of SNHG22 in ESCC. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay was implemented in ESCC cells for detecting the expression of lncRNA, SNHG22, and miR-429. Also, functional experiments, including CCK8 and colony formation assay, were implemented to assess the growth of ESCC cells. Meanwhile, flow cytometry analysis was conducted to test the apoptosis of ESCC cells. The immunofluorescence (IF) assay and western blot were conducted to verify the autophagy of ESCC cells. Results Inhibition of SNHG22 was found that can inhibit the progression and promotes autophagy and apoptosis of ESCC cells. Meanwhile, as subcellular fraction assay and FISH assay found that SNHG22 mainly in the cytoplasm, miR-429 was found can bind to SNHG22 and SESN3 by RIP assay and luciferase reporter assay. SESN3 was found it can play the oncogene in ESCC cells. Conclusions SNHG22 promotes the progression of ESCC by the miR-429/SESN3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wen Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, GCP Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oncology (Section Three), Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ting-You Zhang
- Department of Oncology (Section One), Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Guo-Jun Yue
- Department of Oncology (Section One), Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Oncology (Section Three), Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Wu
- Department of Oncology (Section Three), Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Guang-Yong Feng
- Department of Oncology (Section Three), Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, GCP Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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27
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Takei Y, Hara T, Suzuki A, Mihara K, Yanagihara K. Long Noncoding RNA HOTAIR Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Is a Suitable Target to Inhibit Peritoneal Dissemination in Human Scirrhous Gastric Cancers. Pathobiology 2020; 87:277-290. [PMID: 32937635 DOI: 10.1159/000508350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Scirrhous gastric cancer, which accounts for approximately 10% of all gastric cancers, often disseminates to the peritoneum, leading to intractable cases with poor prognosis. There is an urgent need for new treatment approaches for this difficult cancer. METHODS We previously established an original cell line, HSC-60, from a scirrhous gastric cancer patient and isolated a peritoneal-metastatic cell line, 60As6, in nude mice following orthotopic inoculations. In the present study, we focused on the expression of long noncoding ribonucleic acid (RNA) (lncRNA) in the cell lines and investigated the mechanism on peritoneal dissemination. RESULTS We demonstrated that an lncRNA, HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), is expressed significantly more highly in 60As6 than HSC-60 cells. Then, using both HOTAIR knockdown and overexpression experiments, we showed that high-level expression of HOTAIR promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in 60As6 cells. By luciferase assay, we found that HOTAIR directly targets and binds to miR-217, and that miR-217 directly binds to Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1). The knockdown of HOTAIR in 60As6 cells significantly reduced the invasion activity and peritoneal dissemination - and significantly prolonged the survival - in the orthotopic tumor mouse model. CONCLUSION An EMT-associated pathway (the HOTAIR-miR-217-ZEB1 axis) appears to inhibit peritoneal dissemination and could lead to a novel therapeutic strategy against scirrhous gastric cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Takei
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan,
| | - Toshifumi Hara
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keichiro Mihara
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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28
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Saw PE, Xu X, Chen J, Song EW. Non-coding RNAs: the new central dogma of cancer biology. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:22-50. [PMID: 32930921 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The central dogma of molecular biology states that the functions of RNA revolve around protein translation. Until the last decade, most researches were geared towards characterization of RNAs as intermediaries in protein translation, namely, messenger RNAs (mRNAs) as temporary copies of genetic information, ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) as a main component of ribosome, or translators of codon sequence (tRNAs). The statistical reality, however, is that these processes account for less than 2% of the genome, and insufficiently explain the functionality of 98% of transcribed RNAs. Recent discoveries have unveiled thousands of unique non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and shifted the perception of them from being "junk" transcriptional products to "yet to be elucidated"-and potentially monumentally important-RNAs. Most ncRNAs are now known as key regulators in various networks in which they could lead to specific cellular responses and fates. In major cancers, ncRNAs have been identified as both oncogenic drivers and tumor suppressors, indicating a complex regulatory network among these ncRNAs. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the various ncRNAs and their functional roles in cancer, and the pre-clinical and clinical development of ncRNA-based therapeutics. A deeper understanding of ncRNAs could facilitate better design of personalized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phei Er Saw
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiaoding Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Er-Wei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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29
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Zhang S, Zheng F, Zhang L, Huang Z, Huang X, Pan Z, Chen S, Xu C, Jiang Y, Gu S, Zhao C, Zhang Q, Shi G. LncRNA HOTAIR-mediated MTHFR methylation inhibits 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in esophageal cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:131. [PMID: 32653028 PMCID: PMC7353690 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer (EC) represents one of the most aggressive digestive neoplasms globally, with marked geographical variations in morbidity and mortality. Chemoprevention is a promising approach for cancer therapy, while acquired chemoresistance is a major obstacle impeding the success of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy in EC, with the mechanisms underlying resistance not well-understood. In the present study, we focus on exploring the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HOTAIR in EC progression and sensitivity of EC cells to 5-FU. METHODS Paired cancerous and pre-cancerous tissues surgically resected from EC patients were collected in this study. Promoter methylation of the MTHFR was assessed by methylation-specific PCR. RIP and ChIP assays were adopted to examine the interaction of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) with lncRNA HOTAIR and MTHFR, respectively. EC cells resistant to 5-FU were induced by step-wise continuous increasing concentrations of 5-FU. The sensitivity of EC cells to 5-FU in vivo was evaluated in nude mice treated with xenografts of EC cells followed by injection with 5-FU (i.p.). RESULTS We found reciprocal expression patterns of lncRNA HOTAIR and MTHFR in EC tissues and human EC cells. Interference with lncRNA HOTAIR enhanced 5-FU-induced apoptosis, exhibited anti-proliferative activity, and reduced promoter methylation of the MTHFR in EC cells. Besides, overexpression of MTHFR attenuated the acquired chemoresistance induced by overexpression of lncRNA HOTAIR in EC cells. At last, enhanced chemosensitivity was observed in vivo once nude mice xenografted with lncRNA HOTAIR-depleted EC cells. CONCLUSION Together, our study proposes that pharmacologic targeting of lncRNA HOTAIR sensitizes EC cells to 5-FU-based chemotherapy by attenuating the promoter hypermethylation of the MTHFR in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Fuchun Zheng
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Information Section, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515031, P.R. China
| | - Zuojun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Chenchen Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, P.R. China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515031, P.R. China
| | - Shuyi Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Chengkuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, P.R. China
| | - Qiuzhen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, P.R. China
| | - Ganggang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, P.R. China.
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30
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Lu T, Ma K, Zhan C, Yang X, Shi Y, Jiang W, Wang H, Wang S, Wang Q, Tan L. Downregulation of long non-coding RNA LINP1 inhibits the malignant progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:675. [PMID: 32617295 PMCID: PMC7327344 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in non-homologous end joining pathway 1 (LINP1) contributes to tumorigenesis in various cancers. However, little has been known about the role of LINP1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods LINP1 was selected as the target lncRNA by bioinformatics analysis. The relationship between LINP1 expression and prognosis was analyzed in 122 ESCC patients. LINP1 status was evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in normal esophageal tissues, ESCC tissues and EC9706 cells. Short hairpin RNA transfection was used to silence LINP1 in EC9706 cells. Clone formation assay, transwell migration assay, flow cytometry, and tumorigenesis experiment were performed to evaluate the malignant phenotype of EC9706 cells. Results Bioinformatics analysis showed that LINP1 was the most significantly differentially expressed lncRNA. Upregulation of LINP1 was observed in ESCC tissues and EC9706 cells. High LINP1 expression had close correlation with larger tumor size (P=0.009), tumor invasion (P=0.015), lymph nodes metastasis (P=0.044), and advanced TNM stage (P=0.010). LINP1 overexpression was an independent prognostic factor of ESCC patients (P=0.034). LINP1 knockdown decreased the proliferative and migratory abilities of EC9706 cells, and promoted apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/GM phase. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins such as N-cadherin, vimentin, snail and slug were downregulated while E-cadherin was up-regulated significantly in shRNA-LINP1 cells. In the xenograft model, knockdown of LINP1 suppressed ESCC tumorigenesis in vivo. Conclusions LINP1 was prognostic indicator of ESCC and silencing of LINP1 could inhibit the malignant behavior of ESCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Zhou SN. Role of non-coding RNAs in esophageal carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2020; 28:453-459. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v28.i12.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the research on the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in tumors has received more and more attention. Although research on the role of ncRNAs in the early diagnosis, disease monitoring, treatment guidance, and prognosis prediction of esophageal carcinoma has been gradually carried out, there are still many problems that need to be addressed. In the current paper, I review the progress in the research of ncRNAs in esophageal carcinoma, with an aim to help provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of esophageal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Na Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
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32
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Wu D, He X, Wang W, Hu X, Wang K, Wang M. Long noncoding RNA SNHG12 induces proliferation, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and stemness of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells via post-transcriptional regulation of BMI1 and CTNNB1. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:2332-2351. [PMID: 32239639 PMCID: PMC7463312 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors around the world. Numerous studies have revealed the function of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancers, including ESCC. In this study, lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 12 (SNHG12), mainly distributed in ESCC cell cytoplasm, was overexpressed in ESCC specimens and CD133+ cells. In CD133‐ ESCC cells, SNHG12 overexpression promoted cell proliferation, migration, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and stemness and SNHG12 silencing led to opposite results. Furthermore, SNHG12 sequestered miR‐6835‐3p and induced the proto‐oncogene, polycomb ring finger (BMI1). SNHG12 also enhanced the stability of CTNNB1, the mRNA encoding β‐catenin, via recruiting insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) in ESCC. Rescue assays indicated that CTNNB1 and BMI1 were targets for SNHG12 to regulate ESCC cell proliferation, migration, EMT, and stemness. Furthermore, SOX4 (sex‐determining region Y‐box 4) bound with the SNHG12 promoter to transcriptionally activate SNHG12 in ESCC. Finally, in vivo data showed SNHG12 knockdown retarded tumorigenesis and metastasis in ESCC. In summary, SNHG12 induces proliferation, migration, EMT, and stemness of ESCC cells via post‐transcriptional regulation of BMI1 and CTNNB1, indicating that targeting SNHG12 might be a novel target for ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoguang Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotian He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueting Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kefeng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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33
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Ghafouri‐Fard S, Shoorei H, Dashti S, Branicki W, Taheri M. Expression profile of lncRNAs and miRNAs in esophageal cancer: Implications in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9269-9290. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri‐Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences Birjand University of Medical Sciences Birjand Iran
| | - Sepideh Dashti
- Department of Medical Genetics Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Wojciech Branicki
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University Kraków Poland
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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34
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Slack FJ, Chinnaiyan AM. The Role of Non-coding RNAs in Oncology. Cell 2020; 179:1033-1055. [PMID: 31730848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 922] [Impact Index Per Article: 230.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For decades, research into cancer biology focused on the involvement of protein-coding genes. Only recently was it discovered that an entire class of molecules, termed non-coding RNA (ncRNA), plays key regulatory roles in shaping cellular activity. An explosion of studies into ncRNA biology has since shown that they represent a diverse and prevalent group of RNAs, including both oncogenic molecules and those that work in a tumor suppressive manner. As a result, hundreds of cancer-focused clinical trials involving ncRNAs as novel biomarkers or therapies have begun and these are likely just the beginning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Slack
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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35
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QIAN PENG, XU ZHIYIN, CHEN HUI, YUE SUYANG, LV YONGJIAN. Abnormally expressed lncRNAs in the prognosis and clinicopathology of oesophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Genet 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-020-01203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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36
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Liu G, Zhao Y, Chen H, Jia J, Cheng X, Wang F, Ji Q, Thorne RF, Chen S, Liu X. Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in a Chinese Cohort of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:3783-3793. [PMID: 32328183 PMCID: PMC7171491 DOI: 10.7150/jca.40850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a leading malignancy in China with both high incidence and mortality. Towards improving outcomes, clinically-relevant biomarkers are urgently needed for use as prognostic and treatment targets. Herein we applied RNA-seq for deep sequencing of ten matched pairs of ESCC and adjacent non-cancerous tissues (NT) from Chinese patients. Transcriptomic data mapped to approximately 64% of all annotated genes with 2,047 and 708 unigenes being differentially up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, between ESCCs and NT samples (p<0.05). Dividing cases by pathological grade revealed significant differentially expressed genes (DEG) between ESCC and NT in both low and high differentiation cases (p<0.05) whereas gene expression differences were not significantly different between high and low differentiation ESCC tissues (p=0.053). Moreover, the majority of ESCC and NT tissues formed clusters in principal component analyses. The veracity of the DEG list was validated in a larger cohort of 45 patient samples, with down-regulated CLIC3, up-regulated CLIC4 and unchanged expression of CLIC2 confirmed in ESCC using quantitative PCR and Western blotting. Our data reveal both previously identified ESCC biomarkers along with novel candidates and represent a ready resource of DEGs in ESCC for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,Biology Department, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Huili Chen
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Jinru Jia
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Xiaomin Cheng
- Biology Department, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Fengjie Wang
- Biology Department, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qiang Ji
- Biology Department, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Rick F Thorne
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Song Chen
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, 223005, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,Biology Department, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
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37
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Liu W, Gan C, Wang W, Liao L, Li C, Xu L, Li E. Identification of lncRNA-associated differential subnetworks in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma by differential co-expression analysis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4804-4818. [PMID: 32164040 PMCID: PMC7176870 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential expression analysis has led to the identification of important biomarkers in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Despite enormous contributions, it has not harnessed the full potential of gene expression data, such as interactions among genes. Differential co-expression analysis has emerged as an effective tool that complements differential expression analysis to provide better insight of dysregulated mechanisms and indicate key driver genes. Here, we analysed the differential co-expression of lncRNAs and protein-coding genes (PCGs) between normal oesophageal tissue and ESCC tissues, and constructed a lncRNA-PCG differential co-expression network (DCN). DCN was characterized as a scale-free, small-world network with modular organization. Focusing on lncRNAs, a total of 107 differential lncRNA-PCG subnetworks were identified from the DCN by integrating both differential expression and differential co-expression. These differential subnetworks provide a valuable source for revealing lncRNA functions and the associated dysfunctional regulatory networks in ESCC. Their consistent discrimination suggests that they may have important roles in ESCC and could serve as robust subnetwork biomarkers. In addition, two tumour suppressor genes (AL121899.1 and ELMO2), identified in the core modules, were validated by functional experiments. The proposed method can be easily used to investigate differential subnetworks of other molecules in other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Department of MathematicsHeilongjiang Institute of TechnologyHarbinChina
| | - Cai‐Yan Gan
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of MathematicsHeilongjiang Institute of TechnologyHarbinChina
| | - Lian‐Di Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Institute of Oncologic PathologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Chun‐Quan Li
- Department of Medical InformaticsHarbin Medical University‐DaqingDaqingChina
| | - Li‐Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Institute of Oncologic PathologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - En‐Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
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38
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Zhang W, He R, Chen S, Zhang L, Cao G, Yang W, Li J. The JAM-B/c-src/MMP9 pathway is associated with progression and regulates the invasion of pancreatic cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:3246-3255. [PMID: 32231730 PMCID: PMC7097935 DOI: 10.7150/jca.40953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecule B (JAM-B) is a multifunctional transmembrane protein that plays an important role in tumor progression. JAM-B is significantly upregulated in gastric cancer, melanoma cell metastasis and oral squamous cell carcinoma. JAM-2 may also function as a putative tumor suppressor in the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer. The inconsistency of the results in different cancers has led to uncertainty regarding the role of JAM-B in carcinogenesis. For this purpose, the expression levels of JAM-B in pancreatic cancer (PanCa) tissues were associated with T stage and lymph node involvement with significant differences. A relatively high expression of JAM-B was found in PanCa cell lines by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. By cell transfection, JAM-B was silenced in tumor cell lines to determine cell invasion and migration abilities. Scratch wound assays and Transwell assays revealed that shJAM-B significantly decreased Panc-1 cell migration and invasion. Experiments were also conducted using a subcutaneous PanCa nude mouse model. A significant difference in tumor diameter at the injection site was found between the control group and the JAM-B low expression group. The expression levels of c-Src and MMP9 were also significantly reduced compared to that in the control group by immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, our results suggest that JAM-B secreted by cancer cells can promote progression and invasion in PanCa by upregulating the c-Src signal and related downstream proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wunai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West 5 th Road, Xi'an, 710004, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Rui He
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West 5 th Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West 5 th Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West 5 th Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Gang Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West 5 th Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Wenbin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West 5 th Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Junhui Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West 5 th Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
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39
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Guan Z, Wang Y, Wang Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Zhang W, Chi X, Dong Y, Liu X, Shao S, Zhan Q. Long non-coding RNA LOC100133669 promotes cell proliferation in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12750. [PMID: 32130753 PMCID: PMC7162797 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives LOC100133669 is a lncRNA whose function during tumorigenesis remains unclear now. Thus, we aimed to explore its clinical significance and function in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Materials and Methods ISH was used to detect LOC100133669 expression in ESCC tissues. The full‐length LOC100133669 was identified by using RACE assay. Subcellular distribution of LOC100133669 was examined by nuclear/cytoplasmic RNA fractionation and qPCR. The role of LOC100133669 in ESCC cell growth was determined by colony formation, MTT and flow cytometry experiments in vitro, as well as xenograft tumour experiment in vivo. RNA pull‐down assay was performed to find LOC100133669‐interacted protein, which was further examined by RIP, IP, Western blot and rescue experiments. Results LOC100133669 was upregulated in ESCC tissues compared with adjacent non‐tumour tissues. High LOC100133669 expression was associated with poor prognosis of patients with ESCC. We defined LOC100133669 to be 831 nt in length and mainly localized in the cytoplasm of ESCC cells. Knockdown of LOC100133669 inhibited ESCC cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, while overexpression of LOC100133669 showed the opposite effects. Furthermore, LOC100133669 could bind to Tim50 and upregulated its protein level through inhibiting ubiquitination. Overexpression of Tim50 in part abolished the LOC100133669 depletion–caused inhibitory effect on ESCC cell proliferation. Conclusions LOC100133669 plays an oncogenic role in ESCC and may serve as a promising diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuzhu Guan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoxu Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xinming Chi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Dong
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shujuan Shao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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40
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Xue F, Xu YH, Shen CC, Qin ZL, Zhou HB. Non-coding RNA LOXL1-AS1 exhibits oncogenic activity in ovarian cancer via regulation of miR-18b-5p/VMA21 axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109568. [PMID: 32058209 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert critical effects in the process of malignant cancers and lncRNA LOXL1 Antisense RNA 1 (LOXL1-AS1) has been demonstrated to be a pro-oncogene in multiple tumor types. In the current study, we illuminated the precise roles of LOXL1-AS1 in the development of ovarian cancer. LOXL1-AS1 is significantly overexpressed in ovarian carcinoma tissue compared with adjacent non-cancerous sample. The luciferase reporter gene assay reveals the relationship between LOXL1-AS1 and miR-18b-5p, miR-18b-5p and its target gene, Vacuolar ATPase Assembly Factor VMA21 (VMA21). Transfection of LOXL1-AS1 siRNA or miR-18b-5p mimics inhibits the growth and aggressive phenotypes of SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cell. Furthermore, miR-18b-5p suppresses ovarian carcinoma cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting VMA21 and LOXL1-AS1 regulates ovarian carcinoma cell growth and metastasis through sponging miR-18b-5p. These findings suggest that lncRNA LOXL1-AS1 promotes ovarian cancer cell growth, migratory and invasiveness via modulating miR-18b-5p/VMA21 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xue
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Yan Hua Xu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Cheng Cheng Shen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Zhen Li Qin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Hai Bin Zhou
- Infertility Center, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
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41
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Kim JO, Jun HH, Kim EJ, Lee JY, Park HS, Ryu CS, Kim S, Oh D, Kim JW, Kim NK. Genetic Variants of HOTAIR Associated With Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility and Mortality. Front Oncol 2020; 10:72. [PMID: 32117729 PMCID: PMC7020018 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In colorectal carcinogenesis, the unique molecular and genetic changes that occur within cells result in specific CRC phenotypes. The involvement of the long non-coding RNA, HOTAIR, in cancer development, progression, and metastasis is well-established. Various studies have reported on the contribution of HOTAIR to cancer pathogenesis. Therefore, we selected four HOTAIR polymorphisms (rs7958904G>C, rs1899663G>T, rs4759314A>G, and rs920778T>C) to evaluate the association of each variant with CRC prevalence and prognosis. We conducted a case–control study of 850 individuals to identify the genotype frequencies of each polymorphism. The study population included 450 CRC patients and 400 control individuals that were randomly selected following a health screening. Notably, rs7958904 and rs1899663, their hetero genotype, and the dominant model were significantly different when compared to the healthy control group (rs7958904; AOR = 1.392, 95% CI = 1.052–1.843, P = 0.021). To evaluate the effect of HOTAIR polymorphisms on the survival rate, we analyzed patient mortality and relapse occurrence within 3 and 5 years with Cox-regression analysis. The rs7958904 CC polymorphism mortality rate was significantly higher than the GG polymorphism mortality rate (adjusted HR = 2.995, 95% CI = 1.189–7.542, P = 0.021). In addition, the rs920778 CC genotype was significantly different than the TT genotype (adjusted HR = 3.639, 95% CI = 1.435–9.230, P = 0.007). In addition, this study confirmed that genetic variants of HOTAIR alter the mRNA expression level (P < 0.01). We suggest that HOTAIR rs7958904G>C which is associated with CRC prevalence and mortality is a potential biomarker for CRC. The association between HOTAIR gene polymorphisms and CRC prevalence were reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Oh Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Hak Hoon Jun
- Department of Surgery, Bundang CHA Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Eo Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Han Sung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Chang Soo Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Seungki Kim
- Department of Surgery, Bundang CHA Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Doyeun Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bundang CHA Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Jong Woo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Bundang CHA Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Nam Keun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
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Zhang Y, Miao Y, Shang M, Liu M, Liu R, Pan E, Pu Y, Yin L. LincRNA-p21 leads to G1 arrest by p53 pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6201-6214. [PMID: 31308755 PMCID: PMC6613612 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s197557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer death in China. Long noncoding RNAs have emerged as critical regulators in cancer. Long intergenic noncoding RNA-p21, a kind of Long noncoding RNAs, LincRNA-p21 have been discussed dysregulated in several cancers, but its role in ESCC remains unknown. This study investigated the role of LincRNA-p21 in ESCC. Materials and methods: The LincRNA-p21 expression level and its association with esophageal cancer was determined in 64 tumor tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients and cells using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR. Fluorescence in situ hybridization of single-RNA molecular probes was used to determine subcellular localization of LincRNA-p21. CCK8 and EdU assays were used for proliferation assay, flow cytometry was performed for apoptosis and cell-cycle distribution, and 24-well Mill cell chamber was made for measuring the abilities of migration and invasion after transfected with lentivirus-expressing LincRNA-p21 in EC109 cells. Then, quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR and Western blot detected the expression of p21. Further, UC2288, an inhibitor of p21, was used to decrease the level of p21, and flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle. Finally, screening for differential pathways from microarray analysis and expression of p53 and cyclin D were detected by Western blot. Results:LincRNA-p21 expression level was remarkably lower in tumor tissues versus nontumor tissues and lower in EC109 cells versus Het-1A cells. Statistical analysis found that LincRNA-p21 might enhance the risk of ESCC. We observed that LincRNA-p21 was expressed both in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and a larger proportion of LincRNA-p21 was observed in the cytoplasm. The results demonstrated that upregulating the expression of LincRNA-p21 could inhibit cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and the transition of cell cycle from G1 and promoted apoptosis of EC109. Then, we found that LincRNA-p21 promotes the expression of p21. Decreasing the level of p21 revealed that cell-cycle arrest was restored. Pathway analysis found p53 pathway was downregulated, and upregulation of LincRNA-p21 inhibited the expression of cyclin D. Conclusion: Our study suggests that LincRNA-p21 plays as a tumor inhibitor in ESCC development and LincRNA-p21 might induce G1 arrest through p53 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhe Shang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ench Pan
- Huaian Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Huaian 223001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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HOTAIR as a Prognostic Predictor for Diverse Human Cancers: A Meta- and Bioinformatics Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060778. [PMID: 31195674 PMCID: PMC6628152 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies suggest that upregulated expression of the long non-coding RNA HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) is a negative predictive biomarker for numerous cancers. Herein, we performed a meta-analysis to further investigate the prognostic value of HOTAIR expression in diverse human cancers. To this end, a systematic literature review was conducted in order to select scientific studies relevant to the association between HOTAIR expression and clinical outcomes, including overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS)/disease-free survival (DFS), and progression-free survival (PFS)/metastasis-free survival (MFS) of cancer patients. Collectively, 53 eligible studies including a total of 4873 patients were enrolled in the current meta-analysis. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the relationship between HOTAIR and cancer patients’ survival. Elevated HOTAIR expression was found to be significantly associated with OS, RFS/DFS and PFS/MFS in diverse types of cancers. These findings were also corroborated by the results of bioinformatics analysis on overall survival. Therefore, based on our findings, HOTAIR could serve as a potential biomarker for the prediction of cancer patient survival in many different types of human cancers.
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Mishra S, Verma SS, Rai V, Awasthee N, Chava S, Hui KM, Kumar AP, Challagundla KB, Sethi G, Gupta SC. Long non-coding RNAs are emerging targets of phytochemicals for cancer and other chronic diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1947-1966. [PMID: 30879091 PMCID: PMC7775409 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are the crucial regulators of human chronic diseases. Therefore, approaches such as antisense oligonucleotides, RNAi technology, and small molecule inhibitors have been used for the therapeutic targeting of lncRNAs. During the last decade, phytochemicals and nutraceuticals have been explored for their potential against lncRNAs. The common lncRNAs known to be modulated by phytochemicals include ROR, PVT1, HOTAIR, MALAT1, H19, MEG3, PCAT29, PANDAR, NEAT1, and GAS5. The phytochemicals such as curcumin, resveratrol, sulforaphane, berberine, EGCG, and gambogic acid have been examined against lncRNAs. In some cases, formulation of phytochemicals has also been used. The disease models where phytochemicals have been demonstrated to modulate lncRNAs expression include cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The regulation of lncRNAs by phytochemicals can affect multi-steps of tumor development. When administered in combination with the conventional drugs, phytochemicals can also produce synergistic effects on lncRNAs leading to the sensitization of cancer cells. Phytochemicals target lncRNAs either directly or indirectly by affecting a wide variety of upstream molecules. However, the potential of phytochemicals against lncRNAs has been demonstrated mostly by preclinical studies in cancer models. How the modulation of lncRNAs by phytochemicals produce therapeutic effects on cancer and other chronic diseases is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Sumit S Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Vipin Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Nikee Awasthee
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Srinivas Chava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Kam Man Hui
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Kishore B Challagundla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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Abstract
Biomarker-driven personalized cancer therapy is a field of growing interest, and several molecular tests have been developed to detect biomarkers that predict, e.g., response of cancers to particular therapies. Identification of these molecules and understanding their molecular mechanisms is important for cancer prognosis and the development of therapeutics for late stage diseases. In the past, significant efforts have been placed on the discovery of protein or DNA-based biomarkers while only recently the class of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has emerged as a new category of biomarker. The mammalian genome is pervasively transcribed yielding a vast amount of non-protein-coding RNAs including lncRNAs. Hence, these transcripts represent a rich source of information that has the potential to significantly contribute to precision medicine in the future. Importantly, many lncRNAs are differentially expressed in carcinomas and they are emerging as potent regulators of tumor progression and metastasis. Here, we will highlight prime examples of lncRNAs that serve as marker for cancer progression or therapy response and which might represent promising therapeutic targets. Furthermore, we will introduce lncRNA targeting tools and strategies, and we will discuss potential pitfalls in translating these into clinical trials.
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46
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Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Xu T, Tian W, Yang C, Wang X, Zhong S, Ran Q, Yang H, Zhu S. Clinical Value of Long Noncoding RNA HOTAIR as a Novel Biomarker in Digestive Cancers: A Meta-Analysis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2019; 17:1533034618756783. [PMID: 29444619 PMCID: PMC5818090 DOI: 10.1177/1533034618756783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA has been reported to serve as an important prognostic biomarker in several types of cancers. However, the clinical value of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA in digestive cancers remains unclear. Therefore, we tried to investigate the clinical role of expression of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA as a prognostic indicator in digestive cancers by a meta-analysis. Literature collection was performed by searching the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases (up to October 7, 2017). A quantitative meta-analysis was conducted to assess the eligible articles on the prognostic value of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA in digestive cancers. The pooled hazard ratios or odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to evaluate the association between expression of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA and clinical outcomes. A total of 1844 patients from 22 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results found a significant association between expression of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA and poor overall survival in digestive cancers (pooled hazard ratio = 2.19, 95% confidence interval, 1.86-2.57, P < .001). Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed that tumor type, region, Newcastle-Ottawa scale, and sample size did not alter the predictive value of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA as an independent factor for patients’ survival. In addition, we also revealed that the clinicopathological characteristics such as differentiation, lymph node metastasis, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, and distant metastasis were positively related to expression of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA digestive cancers. In conclusion, our results suggested high expression of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA was correlated with poor clinical outcomes and may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for patients with digestive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- 1 Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- 3 Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tian Xu
- 2 Organ Transplant Center, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Tian
- 1 Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chong Yang
- 2 Organ Transplant Center, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- 2 Organ Transplant Center, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shan Zhong
- 2 Organ Transplant Center, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Ran
- 2 Organ Transplant Center, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongji Yang
- 1 Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,2 Organ Transplant Center, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shikai Zhu
- 2 Organ Transplant Center, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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47
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Guo YZ, Sun HH, Wang XT, Wang MT. Transcriptomic analysis reveals key lncRNAs associated with ribosomal biogenesis and epidermis differentiation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2019; 19:674-688. [PMID: 30178634 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to expand current knowledge of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)-associated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and to discover potential lncRNA prognostic biomarkers for HNSCC based on next-generation RNA-seq. METHODS RNA-seq data of 546 samples from patients with HNSCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), including 43 paired samples of tumor tissue and adjacent normal tissue. An integrated analysis incorporating differential expression, weighted gene co-expression networks, functional enrichment, clinical parameters, and survival analysis was conducted to discover HNSCC-associated lncRNAs. The function of CYTOR was verified by cell-based experiments. To further identify lncRNAs with prognostic significance, a multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed. The identified lncRNAs were validated with an independent cohort using clinical feature relevance analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS We identified nine HNSCC-relevant lncRNAs likely to play pivotal roles in HNSCC onset and development. By functional enrichment analysis, we revealed that CYTOR might participate in the multistep pathological processes of cancer, such as ribosome biogenesis and maintenance of genomic stability. CYTOR was identified to be positively correlated with lymph node metastasis, and significantly negatively correlated with overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) of HNSCC patients. Moreover, CYTOR inhibited cell apoptosis following treatment with the chemotherapeutic drug diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP). HCG22, the most dramatically down-regulated lncRNA in tumor tissue, may function in epidermis differentiation. It was also significantly associated with several clinical features of patients with HNSCC, and positively correlated with patient survival. CYTOR and HCG22 maintained their prognostic values independent of several clinical features in multivariate Cox hazards analysis. Notably, validation either based on an independent HNSCC cohort or by laboratory experiments confirmed these findings. CONCLUSIONS Our transcriptomic analysis suggested that dysregulation of these HNSCC-associated lncRNAs might be involved in HNSCC oncogenesis and progression. Moreover, CYTOR and HCG22 were confirmed as two independent prognostic factors for HNSCC patient survival, providing new insights into the roles of these lncRNAs in HNSCC as well as clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhu Guo
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hui-Hui Sun
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiang-Ting Wang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mei-Ting Wang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,College of Liren, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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Yang W, Han Y, Zhao X, Duan L, Zhou W, Wang X, Shi G, Che Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Hong L, Fan D. Advances in prognostic biomarkers for esophageal cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 19:109-119. [PMID: 30582379 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1563485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinhui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lili Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Gaokai Shi
- The First Brigade of Student, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yinggang Che
- The First Brigade of Student, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qingchuan Zhao
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Liu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Abdeahad H, Avan A, Pashirzad M, Khazaei M, Soleimanpour S, Ferns GA, Fiuji H, Ryzhikov M, Bahrami A, Hassanian SM. The prognostic potential of long noncoding RNA HOTAIR expression in human digestive system carcinomas: A meta-analysis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:10926-10933. [PMID: 30569489 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Homeobox transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), one of the well-known long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), plays an important role in initiation and development of various tumors. Elevated level of HOTAIR is associated with metastatic behavior of primary tumor and poor outcome in several cancers. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to clearly measure the prognostic impact of HOTAIR in patients with digestive system carcinomas. Fourteen studies including 2,666 patients with five different type of digestive system cancers were selected to be entered in meta-analysis. Finding demonstrated that HOTAIR overexpression could predict unfavorable outcome in digestive system carcinomas (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0-2.9; p < 0.001; fixed-effect model). In stratified analysis, increased level of HOTAIR predicted poor overall survival in gastric cancer (HR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.6-2.9; p < 0.001), colorectal cancer (HR = 4.1, 95% CI: 1.6-10.2; p = 0.002), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (HR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.7-3.0; p < 0.001), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.9-6.1; p < 0.001). Our meta-analysis results clearly support the prognostic value of HOTAIR to predict unfavorable prognostic outcomes in diverse digestive system carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Abdeahad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Pashirzad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Hamid Fiuji
- Department of Biochemistry, Payame-Noor University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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50
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Prognostic Value of Long Noncoding RNAs in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:5340894. [PMID: 30598708 PMCID: PMC6287160 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5340894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers (GICs) are a huge threat to human health, which mainly include esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers. The purpose of this study was to clarify the prognostic value of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in GICs. A total of 111 articles were included, and 13103 patients (3123 with esophageal cancer, 4972 with gastric cancer, and 5008 with colorectal cancer) were enrolled in this study. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) values and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of overall survival (OS) related to different lncRNA expressions in esophageal, gastric, colorectal, and gastrointestinal cancer patients were 1.92 (1.70–2.16), 1.96 (1.77–2.16), 2.10 (1.87–2.36), and 2.00 (1.87–2.13), respectively. We have identified 74 lncRNAs which were associated closely with poor prognosis of GIC patients, including 58 significantly upregulated lncRNA expression and 16 significantly downregulated lncRNA expression. In addition, 47 of the included studies revealed relative mechanisms and 12 of them investigated the correlation between lncRNAs and microRNAs. Taken together, this meta-analysis supports that specific lncRNAs are significantly related to the prognosis of GIC patients and may serve as novel markers for predicting the prognosis of GIC patients. Furthermore, lncRNAs may have a promising contribution to lncRNA-based targeted therapy and clinical decision-making in the future.
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