1
|
Giri SS, Tripathi AS, Erkekoğlu P, Zaki MEA. Molecular pathway of pancreatic cancer-associated neuropathic pain. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23638. [PMID: 38613466 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The pancreas is a heterocrine gland that has both exocrine and endocrine parts. Most pancreatic cancer begins in the cells that line the ducts of the pancreas and is called pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDAC is the most encountered pancreatic cancer type. One of the most important characteristic features of PDAC is neuropathy which is primarily due to perineural invasion (PNI). PNI develops tumor microenvironment which includes overexpression of fibroblasts cells, macrophages, as well as angiogenesis which can be responsible for neuropathy pain. In tumor microenvironment inactive fibroblasts are converted into an active form that is cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Neurotrophins they also increase the level of Substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide which is also involved in pain. Matrix metalloproteases are the zinc-associated proteases enzymes which activates proinflammatory interleukin-1β into its activated form and are responsible for release and activation of Substance P which is responsible for neuropathic pain by transmitting pain signal via dorsal root ganglion. All the molecules and their role in being responsible for neuropathic pain are described below.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alok Shiomurti Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology, Era College of Pharmacy, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pınar Erkekoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Magdi E A Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad lbn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lekan AA, Weiner LM. The Role of Chemokines in Orchestrating the Immune Response to Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:559. [PMID: 38339310 PMCID: PMC10854906 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are small molecules that function as chemotactic factors which regulate the migration, infiltration, and accumulation of immune cells. Here, we comprehensively assess the structural and functional role of chemokines, examine the effects of chemokines that are present in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor microenvironment (TME), specifically those produced by cancer cells and stromal components, and evaluate their impact on immune cell trafficking, both in promoting and suppressing anti-tumor responses. We further explore the impact of chemokines on patient outcomes in PDAC and their role in the context of immunotherapy treatments, and review clinical trials that have targeted chemokine receptors and ligands in the treatment of PDAC. Lastly, we highlight potential strategies that can be utilized to harness chemokines in order to increase cytotoxic immune cell infiltration and the anti-tumor effects of immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Louis M. Weiner
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maurya SK, Khan P, Rehman AU, Kanchan RK, Perumal N, Mahapatra S, Chand HS, Santamaria-Barria JA, Batra SK, Nasser MW. Rethinking the chemokine cascade in brain metastasis: Preventive and therapeutic implications. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:914-930. [PMID: 34968667 PMCID: PMC9234104 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastasis (BrM) is one of the major causes of death in cancer patients and is associated with an estimated 10-40 % of total cancer cases. The survival rate of brain metastatic patients has not improved due to intratumor heterogeneity, the survival adaptations of brain homing metastatic cells, and the lack of understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms that limit the availability of effective therapies. The heterogeneous population of immune cells and tumor-initiating cells or cancer stem cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) release various factors, such as chemokines that upon binding to their cognate receptors enhance tumor growth at primary sites and help tumor cells metastasize to the brain. Furthermore, brain metastatic sites have unique heterogeneous microenvironment that fuels cancer cells in establishing BrM. This review explores the crosstalk of chemokines with the heterogeneous TME during the progression of BrM and recognizes potential therapeutic approaches. We also discuss and summarize different targeted, immunotherapeutic, chemotherapeutic, and combinatorial strategies (with chemo-/immune- or targeted-therapies) to attenuate chemokines mediated BrM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Parvez Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Ranjana K Kanchan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Naveenkumar Perumal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Sidharth Mahapatra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Hitendra S Chand
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | | | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun Y, Zhang XX, Huang S, Pan H, Gai YZ, Zhou YQ, Zhu L, Nie HZ, Li DX. Diet-Induced Obesity Promotes Liver Metastasis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma via CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Axis. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:5665964. [PMID: 35478937 PMCID: PMC9038430 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5665964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive cancers, and the patients are generally diagnosed with distant metastasis. Liver is one of the preferred organs of distant metastasis, and liver metastasis is the leading cause of death in PDAC. Diet-induced obesity (DIO) is a risk factor for PDAC, and it remains unclear whether and how DIO contributes to liver metastasis of PDAC. In our study, we found that DIO significantly promoted PDAC liver metastasis compared with normal diet (ND) in intrasplenic injection mouse model. RNA-seq analysis for liver metastasis nodules showed that the various chemokines and several chemokine receptors were altered between ND and DIO samples. The expression levels of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 were significantly upregulated in DIO-induced liver metastasis of PDAC compared to ND. Increased CX3CL1 promoted the recruitment of CX3CR1-expressing pancreatic tumor cells. Taken together, our data demonstrated that DIO promoted PDAC liver metastasis via CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan-Zhi Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yao-Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hui-Zhen Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dong-Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Macrophage and Neutrophil Interactions in the Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment Drive the Pathogenesis of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010194. [PMID: 35008355 PMCID: PMC8750413 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The survival rates for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma are very low. This dismal prognosis is due in part to late detection and early development of metastases, and successful treatments for pancreatic adenocarcinoma are also lacking. One potential method of treatment is immunotherapy, which has been successfully implemented in several cancers. Despite success in other cancer types, there has been little progress in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. To understand these shortcomings, we explore the roles of macrophages and neutrophils, two prominent immune cell types in the pancreatic tumor environment. In this review, we discuss how macrophages and neutrophils lead to the harsh environment that is unique to pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We further explore how these immune cells can impact standard of care therapies and decrease their effectiveness. Macrophages and neutrophils could ultimately be targeted to improve outcomes for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Abstract Despite modest improvements in survival in recent years, pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains a deadly disease with a 5-year survival rate of only 9%. These poor outcomes are driven by failure of early detection, treatment resistance, and propensity for early metastatic spread. Uncovering innovative therapeutic modalities to target the resistance mechanisms that make pancreatic cancer largely incurable are urgently needed. In this review, we discuss the immune composition of pancreatic tumors, including the counterintuitive fact that there is a significant inflammatory immune infiltrate in pancreatic cancer yet anti-tumor mechanisms are subverted and immune behaviors are suppressed. Here, we emphasize how immune cell interactions generate tumor progression and treatment resistance. We narrow in on tumor macrophage (TAM) spatial arrangement, polarity/function, recruitment, and origin to introduce a concept where interactions with tumor neutrophils (TAN) perpetuate the microenvironment. The sequelae of macrophage and neutrophil activities contributes to tumor remodeling, fibrosis, hypoxia, and progression. We also discuss immune mechanisms driving resistance to standard of care modalities. Finally, we describe a cadre of treatment targets, including those intended to overcome TAM and TAN recruitment and function, to circumvent barriers presented by immune infiltration in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang G, Wang H, Huang D, Wu Y, Ding W, Zhou Q, Ding Q, Zhang N, Na R, Xu K. The Clinical Implications and Molecular Mechanism of CX3CL1 Expression in Urothelial Bladder Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:752860. [PMID: 34671562 PMCID: PMC8521074 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.752860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CX3CL1 is a chemokine that may play important roles in cancer immune regulation. Its mechanism in bladder cancer (BCa) is poorly understood. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the association between CX3CL1 and BCa and the related biological mechanisms. Methods A total of 277 patients with BCa were enrolled in the present study. The association between CX3CL1 expression and disease outcome was evaluated. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed using the TCCSUP cell line to investigate the function of CX3CL1 in BCa. Results Compared with low expression, high expression of CX3CL1 was significantly associated with poorer progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR]=2.03, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.26-3.27, P=0.006), cancer-specific survival (HR=2.16, 95% CI: 1.59-2.93, P<0.001), and overall survival (HR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.08-2.24, P=0.039). Multivariable Cox regression analysis suggested that CX3CL1 was an independent prognostic factor for BCa outcomes. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that high expression of CX3CL1 was significantly associated with cell proliferation (P<0.001) and invasion (P<0.001). Gene expression profiling results showed that after CX3CL1 knockdown, CDH1 was significantly upregulated, while ETS1, RAF1, and EIF4E were significantly downregulated. Pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway was significantly inhibited (P<0.001). Conclusions CX3CL1 is an independent predictor of a poor prognosis in BCa and can promote the proliferation and invasion of BCa cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Jiang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Da Huang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yishuo Wu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihong Ding
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qidong Zhou
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Na
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Reni M, Andreasi V, Gasparri AM, Dugnani E, Colombo B, Macchini M, Bianco M, Dallatomasina A, Citro A, Assi E, Protti MP, Esposito A, Falconi M, Curnis F, Piemonti L, Corti A. Circulating Chromogranin A Is Cleaved Into Vasoregulatory Fragments in Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:613582. [PMID: 33425767 PMCID: PMC7787052 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.613582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromogranin A (CgA), a secretory protein released in the blood by the neuroendocrine system, consists of a mixture of full-length molecules and fragments endowed of vasoregulatory activity. The extent and the role of CgA fragmentation were investigated in patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC, n=172). Multivariate analysis showed that full-length CgA was associated with better progression free and overall survival, whereas CgA C-terminal fragmentation was associated with worse prognosis. In vitro studies showed that PDAC cells can promote the cleavage of CgA C-terminal region by activating plasminogen to plasmin. Limited digestion of full-length CgA with plasmin abolished its anti-angiogenic activity and generated pro-angiogenic molecules. The fragmentation of CgA C-terminal region was increased also in murine models of PDAC. In these models, the inhibition of CgA fragmentation with aprotinin, an inhibitor of plasmin and other serine proteases, or the blockade of pro-angiogenic fragments with specific antibodies inhibited the growth of PDAC implanted subcutaneously in mice. Finally, administration of full-length CgA to mice bearing orthotopic PDAC reduced tumor perfusion, as measured by contrast-enhanced ultrasound. These findings suggest that PDAC can promote the cleavage of circulating CgA C-terminal region to generate fragments that regulate the tumor vascular biology and that may represent new potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Reni
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Andreasi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Pancreatic Surgery Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Gasparri
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Erica Dugnani
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Colombo
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Macchini
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mimma Bianco
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Dallatomasina
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Citro
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Emma Assi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Protti
- Division of Immunology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Esposito
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavio Curnis
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Corti
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fractalkine/CX3CL1 in Neoplastic Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103723. [PMID: 32466280 PMCID: PMC7279446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fractalkine/CX3C chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) is a chemokine involved in the anticancer function of lymphocytes-mainly NK cells, T cells and dendritic cells. Its increased levels in tumors improve the prognosis for cancer patients, although it is also associated with a poorer prognosis in some types of cancers, such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. This work focuses on the 'hallmarks of cancer' involving CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1. First, we describe signal transduction from CX3CR1 and the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in this process. Next, we present the role of CX3CL1 in the context of cancer, with the focus on angiogenesis, apoptosis resistance and migration and invasion of cancer cells. In particular, we discuss perineural invasion, spinal metastasis and bone metastasis of cancers such as breast cancer, pancreatic cancer and prostate cancer. We extensively discuss the importance of CX3CL1 in the interaction with different cells in the tumor niche: tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and microglia. We present the role of CX3CL1 in the development of active human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) brain tumors. Finally, we discuss the possible use of CX3CL1 in immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ishida Y, Kuninaka Y, Yamamoto Y, Nosaka M, Kimura A, Furukawa F, Mukaida N, Kondo T. Pivotal Involvement of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 Axis for the Recruitment of M2 Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Skin Carcinogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:1951-1961.e6. [PMID: 32179066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously revealed the crucial roles of a chemokine, CX3CL1, and its receptor, CX3CR1, in skin wound healing. Although repeated wounds frequently develop into skin cancer, the roles of CX3CL1 in skin carcinogenesis remain elusive. Here, we proved that CX3CL1 protein expression and CX3CR1+ macrophages were observed in human skin cancer tissues. Similarly, we observed the enhancement of CX3CL1 expression and the abundant accumulation of CX3CR1+ tumor-associated macrophages with M2-like phenotypes in the skin carcinogenesis process induced by the combined treatment with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. In this mouse skin carcinogenesis process, CX3CR1+ tumor-associated macrophages exhibited M2-like phenotypes with the expression of Wnt3a and angiogenic molecules including VEGF and matrix metalloproteinase 9. Compared with wild-type mice, CX3CR1-deficient mice showed fewer numbers of skin tumors with a lower incidence. Concomitantly, M2-macrophage numbers and neovascularization were reduced with the depressed expression of angiogenic factors and Wnt3a. Thus, the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis can crucially contribute to skin carcinogenesis by regulating the accumulation and functions of tumor-associated macrophages. Thus, this axis can be a good target for preventing and/or treating skin cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ishida
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yumi Kuninaka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nosaka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kimura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Fukumi Furukawa
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kondo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Roger E, Martel S, Bertrand-Chapel A, Depollier A, Chuvin N, Pommier RM, Yacoub K, Caligaris C, Cardot-Ruffino V, Chauvet V, Aires S, Mohkam K, Mabrut JY, Adham M, Fenouil T, Hervieu V, Broutier L, Castets M, Neuzillet C, Cassier PA, Tomasini R, Sentis S, Bartholin L. Schwann cells support oncogenic potential of pancreatic cancer cells through TGFβ signaling. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:886. [PMID: 31767842 PMCID: PMC6877617 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the solid tumors with the poorest prognosis. The stroma of this tumor is abundant and composed of extracellular matrix and stromal cells (including cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells). Nerve fibers invading this stroma represent a hallmark of PDAC, involved in neural remodeling, which participates in neuropathic pain, cancer cell dissemination and tumor relapse after surgery. Pancreatic cancer-associated neural remodeling is regulated through functional interplays mediated by physical and molecular interactions between cancer cells, nerve cells and surrounding Schwann cells, and other stromal cells. In the present study, we show that Schwann cells (glial cells supporting peripheral neurons) can enhance aggressiveness (migration, invasion, tumorigenicity) of pancreatic cancer cells in a transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-dependent manner. Indeed, we reveal that conditioned medium from Schwann cells contains high amounts of TGFβ able to activate the TGFβ-SMAD signaling pathway in cancer cells. We also observed in human PDAC samples that high levels of TGFβ signaling activation were positively correlated with perineural invasion. Secretome analyses by mass spectrometry of Schwann cells and pancreatic cancer cells cultured alone or in combination highlighted the central role of TGFβ in neuro-epithelial interactions, as illustrated by proteomic signatures related to cell adhesion and motility. Altogether, these results demonstrate that Schwann cells are a meaningful source of TGFβ in PDAC, which plays a crucial role in the acquisition of aggressive properties by pancreatic cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Roger
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, 69373, France
| | - Sylvie Martel
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, 69373, France
| | - Adrien Bertrand-Chapel
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, 69373, France
| | - Arnaud Depollier
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, 69373, France
| | - Nicolas Chuvin
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, 69373, France.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Roxane M Pommier
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, 69373, France
| | - Karam Yacoub
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, 69373, France
| | - Cassandre Caligaris
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, 69373, France
| | - Victoire Cardot-Ruffino
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, 69373, France
| | - Véronique Chauvet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, 69373, France
| | - Sophie Aires
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, 69373, France
| | - Kayvan Mohkam
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Croix Rousse hospital, Claude-Bernard Lyon 1 University, Department of General Surgery & Liver Transplantation, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Mabrut
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Croix Rousse hospital, Claude-Bernard Lyon 1 University, Department of General Surgery & Liver Transplantation, Lyon, France
| | - Mustapha Adham
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot hospital, Claude-Bernard Lyon 1 University, Department of General Surgery & Liver Transplantation, Lyon, France
| | - Tanguy Fenouil
- Hospices Civils de Lyon Institute of Pathology EST, CRCL INSERM U1052, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Valérie Hervieu
- Hospices Civils de Lyon Institute of Pathology EST, CRCL INSERM U1052, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Laura Broutier
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, 69373, France
| | - Marie Castets
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, 69373, France
| | - Cindy Neuzillet
- Medical Oncology Department, Curie Institute, Versailles Saint-Quentin University, 35 rue Dailly, 92210, Saint Cloud, France
| | - Philippe A Cassier
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, 69373, France.,Departement d'Oncologie Médicale, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Richard Tomasini
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphanie Sentis
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, 69373, France
| | - Laurent Bartholin
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, 69373, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
AGR2, a unique tumor-associated antigen, is a promising candidate for antibody targeting. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4276-4289. [PMID: 31303962 PMCID: PMC6611513 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterior gradient 2 (AGR2), a protein disulfide isomerase, shows two subcellular localizations: intracellular (iAGR2) and extracellular (eAGR2). In healthy cells that express AGR2, the predominant form is iAGR2, which resides in the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, cancer cells secrete and express eAGR2 on the cell surface. We wanted to test if AGR2 is a cancer-specific tumor-associated antigen. We utilized two AGR2 antibodies, P3A5 and P1G4, for in vivo tumor localization and tumor growth inhibition. The monoclonal antibodies recognized both human AGR2 and mouse Agr2. Biodistribution experiments using a syngeneic mouse model showed high uptake of P3A5 AGR2 antibody in xenografted eAgr2+ pancreatic tumors, with limited uptake in normal tissues. In implanted human patient-derived eAGR2+ pancreatic cancer xenografts, tumor growth inhibition was evaluated with antibodies and Gemcitabine (Gem). Inhibition was more potent by P1G4 + Gem combination than Gem alone or P3A5 + Gem. We converted these two antibodies to human:mouse chimeric forms: the constructed P3A5 and P1G4 chimeric mVLhCκ and mVHhCγ (γ1, γ2, γ4) genes were inserted in a single mammalian expression plasmid vector, and transfected into human 293F cells. Expressed human:mouse chimeric IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4 antibodies retained AGR2 binding. Increase in IgG yield by transfected cells could be obtained with serial transfection of vectors with different drug resistance. These chimeric antibodies, when incubated with human blood, effectively lysed eAGR2+ PC3 prostate cancer cells. We have, thus, produced humanized anti-AGR2 antibodies that, after further testing, might be suitable for treatment against a variety of eAGR2+ solid tumors.
Collapse
|
12
|
Gasparini G, Pellegatta M, Crippa S, Lena MS, Belfiori G, Doglioni C, Taveggia C, Falconi M. Nerves and Pancreatic Cancer: New Insights into a Dangerous Relationship. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E893. [PMID: 31248001 PMCID: PMC6678884 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineural invasion (PNI) is defined as the presence of neoplastic cells along nerves and/or within the different layers of nervous fibers: epineural, perineural and endoneural spaces. In pancreatic cancer-particularly in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)-PNI has a prevalence between 70 and 100%, surpassing any other solid tumor. PNI has been detected in the early stages of pancreatic cancer and has been associated with pain, increased tumor recurrence and diminished overall survival. Such an early, invasive and recurrent phenomenon is probably crucial for tumor growth and metastasis. PNI is a still not a uniformly characterized event; usually it is described only dichotomously ("present" or "absent"). Recently, a more detailed scoring system for PNI has been proposed, though not specific for pancreatic cancer. Previous studies have implicated several molecules and pathways in PNI, among which are secreted neurotrophins, chemokines and inflammatory cells. However, the mechanisms underlying PNI are poorly understood and several aspects are actively being investigated. In this review, we will discuss the main molecules and signaling pathways implicated in PNI and their roles in the PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gasparini
- Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
- Axo-Glial Interaction Unit, INSPE, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marta Pellegatta
- Axo-Glial Interaction Unit, INSPE, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Crippa
- Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
- Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Schiavo Lena
- Pathology Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulio Belfiori
- Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy.
- Pathology Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Carla Taveggia
- Axo-Glial Interaction Unit, INSPE, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
- Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors: Orchestrating Tumor Metastasization. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010096. [PMID: 30591657 PMCID: PMC6337330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis still represents the primary cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Chemokine signalling contributes to the overall process of cancer growth and metastasis, and their expression in both primary tumors and metastatic lesions correlate with prognosis. Chemokines promote tumor metastasization by directly supporting cancer cell survival and invasion, angiogenesis, and by indirectly shaping the pre-metastatic niches and antitumor immunity. Here, we will focus on the relevant chemokine/chemokine receptor axes that have been described to drive the metastatic process. We elaborate on their role in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis and immune cell recruitment at both the primary tumor lesions and the pre-metastatic foci. Furthermore, we also discuss the advantages and limits of current pharmacological strategies developed to target chemokine networks for cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang M, Zhu ZL, Gao XL, Wu JS, Liang XH, Tang YL. Functions of chemokines in the perineural invasion of tumors (Review). Int J Oncol 2018. [PMID: 29532850 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The perineural invasion (PNI) of malignant tumors is a form of tumor progression in which cancer cells encroach along nerves. PNI hinders curative resection. Residual tumor cells in or around nerves can bring about local recurrence, infiltration and metastasis. This behavior is usually associated with a poor clinical prognosis. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate novel ligand-receptor crosstalk between nerves and tumor cells that promote the process of PNI. Chemokines are regarded as one of pivotal factors involved in the process of PNI. The present review collates information provided by previous studies with regard to the role of chemokines in PNI. The study presents a definition of PNI in cancer, generalizes the biological characteristics and the expression of chemokines and their receptors in cancer types associated with PNI, and discusses the underlying molecular mechanisms of chemokines, the reciprocal interactions between chemokines and other factors in PNI, and the interconnectivity of the microenvironment and chemokines. The aim of the review is to thoroughly illustrate the molecular cues of chemokines in cancer with PNI and to identify novel antitumor targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo-Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Shun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
CCR5/CCL5 axis interaction promotes migratory and invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1323. [PMID: 29358632 PMCID: PMC5778036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest cancers and remains a major challenge due to its invasive and metastatic nature. Increased levels of CCR5 and CCL5 have established indicators for disease status in various cancers, including PC. However, their role in invasion and metastasis of PC is not known. Here we conducted immunohistochemistry of PC tissues and found elevated epithelial staining for CCR5 and CCL5 in metastatic PC tissues compared to non-neoplastic. In vitro experiments, such as flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and western blotting with human PC cell lines (AsPc-1, BxPc-3 and MIA PaCa-2), showed higher expression levels of CCR5. The CCL5 activation of PC cells expressing CCR5 increased their invasive potential, while treatment with CCR5 inhibitor maraviroc inhibited the CCL5 activation. CCL5 induced proliferation of PC cells was mediated through F-actin polymerization, while there was marked reduction when the cells were treated with maraviroc. The direct interaction of CCR5 with CCL5 was verified using a calcium mobilization assay. Taken together, our results demonstrate that CCR5 and CCL5 are potential markers for metastatic PC cancer, and their interaction leads to the increased PC cell invasion. Thus, blocking CCR5/CCL5 axis might prove beneficial to prevent metastasis and provide a more therapeutic strategy to control PC progression.
Collapse
|
16
|
Stout MC, Narayan S, Pillet ES, Salvino JM, Campbell PM. Inhibition of CX 3CR1 reduces cell motility and viability in pancreatic adenocarcinoma epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:2264-2269. [PMID: 29274778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Increased expression of the chemokine CX3CL1 and its sole receptor, CX3CR1 have been correlated with poor pancreatic cancer patient survival and time to recurrence, as well as with pancreatic perineural invasion. We have previously shown that metastasis of prostate and breast cancer is in part driven by CX3CL1, and have developed small molecule inhibitors against the CX3CR1 receptor that diminish metastatic burden. Here we ask if inhibition of this chemokine receptor affects the phenotype of PDAC tumor cells. Our findings demonstrate that motility, invasion, and contact-independent growth of PDAC cells all increase following CX3CL1 exposure, and that antagonism of CX3CR1 by the inhibitor JMS-17-2 reduces each of these phenotypes and correlates with a downregulation of AKT phosphorylation. These data suggest that PDAC tumor cell migration and growth, elements critical in metastatic progression, may susceptible to pharmacologic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Stout
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, 245 North 15th Street, MS 488, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
| | - Shilpa Narayan
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, 245 North 15th Street, MS 488, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
| | - Emily S Pillet
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, 245 North 15th Street, MS 488, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
| | - Joseph M Salvino
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Paul M Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, 245 North 15th Street, MS 488, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang H, Cai J, Du S, Guo Z, Xin B, Wang J, Wei W, Shen X. Fractalkine/CX3CR1 induces apoptosis resistance and proliferation through the activation of the AKT/NF-κB cascade in pancreatic cancer cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:315-326. [PMID: 28845524 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fractalkine (FKN, CX3CL1) is highly expressed in a majority of malignant solid tumours. Fractalkine is the only known ligand for CX3CR1. In this study, we performed an analysis to determine the effects of fractalkine/CX3CR1 on modulating apoptosis and explored the related mechanisms. The expression of fractalkine/CX3CR1 was detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The levels of AKT/p-AKT, BCL-xl, and BCL-2 were detected by western blotting. Then, the effects of exogenous and endogenous fractalkine on the regulation of tumour apoptosis and proliferation were investigated. The mechanism of fractalkine/CX3CR1 on modulating apoptosis in cancer cells through the activation of AKT/NF-κB/p65 signals was evaluated. The effect of fractalkine on regulating cell cycle distribution was also tested. Fractalkine, AKT/p-AKT, and apoptotic regulatory proteins BCL-xl and BCL-2 were highly expressed in human pancreatic cancer tissues. In vitro, fractalkine/CX3CR1 promoted proliferation and mediated resistance to apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. The antiapoptotic effect of fractalkine was induced by the activation of AKT/NF-κB/p65 signalling in pancreatic cancer cells. The NF-κB/p65 contributes to promote the expressions of BCL-xl and BCL-2 and reduce caspase activity, thereby inhibiting apoptotic processes. Treatment with fractalkine resulted in the enrichment of pancreatic cancer cells in S phase with a concomitant decrease in the number of cells in G1 phase. The present study demonstrated the function of fractalkine in the activation of the AKT/NF-κB/p65 signalling cascade and mediation of apoptosis resistance in pancreatic cancer cells. Fractalkine/CX3CR1 could serve as a diagnostic marker and as a potential target for chemotherapy in early stage pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer is characterized by local recurrence, neural invasion, or distant metastasis. The present study demonstrated the overexpression of fractalkine/CX3CR1 in pancreatic cancer tissues, indicating its important role in the tumourigenesis of pancreatic cancer, and suggested that the overexpression of fractalkine/CX3CR1 could serve as a diagnostic marker for pancreatic cancer. Moreover, we reveal the mechanism that fractalkine functions on the activation of the AKT/NF-κB/p65 signalling cascade and regulation of the antiapoptosis process in pancreatic cancer cells. Fractalkine/CX3CR1 could serve as an effective therapeutic target of chemotherapeutic and biologic agents in early stage pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Cai
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaoxia Du
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongkui Guo
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Beibei Xin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Wei
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Shen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
雷 亮, 杨 延, 刘 江, 刘 德. 神经营养因子和趋化因子与胰腺癌神经浸润的研究进展. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:1265-1271. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i14.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
胰腺癌癌细胞浸润神经组织, 沿神经或进入神经束膜内沿束膜间隙浸润生长, 即发生神经浸润(perineural invasion, PNI). PNI是特殊的肿瘤转移通路, 在胰腺癌中的发生率极高, 为胰腺癌的重要生物学特性之一, 被认为是导致胰腺癌手术后高复发率和胰腺癌相关疼痛的最主要原因之一, 与患者不良预后和低存活率密切相关. PNI发生的机制十分复杂, 涉及多种生物分子和信号途径. 神经营养因子和趋化因子参与相关信号通路, 促进癌细胞神经交互作用, 导致胰腺癌PNI发生, 在胰腺癌PNI中扮演重要角色. 本文将神经营养因子家族和趋化因子与胰腺癌PNI的研究进展作一综述.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kozak A, Talar-Wojnarowska R, Kaczka A, Borkowska A, Czupryniak L, Małecka-Panas E, Gąsiorowska A. Utility of different serum fibrosis markers in diagnosing patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 8:635-641. [PMID: 27574557 PMCID: PMC4980655 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v8.i8.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To estimate the levels of serum cytokines in chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients in order to evaluate their usefulness as possible biomarkers.
METHODS: The study included 167 Caucasian patients: 74 with PDAC (28 men and 42 women, aged 30-88 years), 78 with CP (50 men and 21 women, aged 20-79 years) and 15 age-matched healthy controls hospitalized in the Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Poland between 2006 and 2013. Serum MCP-1, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, HA and s-Fr were measured in patients with CP (n = 78), PDAC (n = 74) and healthy controls (n = 15) using ELISA (Corgenix United Kingdom Ltd R and D Systems). The severity of CP was assessed according to the Cambridge classification.
RESULTS: Both patients with CP and PDAC had a significantly higher mean TGF-β1 serum level (1066 ± 582 and 888 ± 356 vs 264 ± 93, P < 0.0001), mean s-Fr (2.42 ± 1.385 and 2.41 ± 1.275 vs 0.6 ± 0.370, P < 0.0001) and mean HA (199 ± 254 and 270 ± 358 vs 40 ± 26, P < 0.0001) compared to controls. There was no difference in mean MCP-1 between all the groups. There were no significant differences in any cytokine levels between the PC and PDAC groups. No significant differences between serum cytokines depending on age, gender or smoking status were found in CP patients. Mean s-Fr concentration was significantly higher in CP, lasting longer than 5 years compared to those with a shorter disease clinical course (2.639 ± 1.125 vs 1.870 ± 0.970, P < 0.03). There was no correlation between tumor size, localization or TNM classification and serum TGF-β1, MCP-1, s-Fr and HA levels in patients with PDAC. No significant differences between cytokines depending on diabetes presence in CP were found. Nevertheless, mean serum TGF-β1 concentration in PDAC patients was higher in those with diabetes compared to the remaining group (986 vs 839, P = 0.043).
CONCLUSION: Serum TGF-β1, s-Fr and HA may be considered additional diagnostic markers of CP and PDAC. TGF-β1 may be useful to predict endocrine insufficiency in PDAC.
Collapse
|
20
|
Aspirin Action in Endothelial Cells: Different Patterns of Response Between Chemokine CX3CL1/CX3CR1 and TNF-α/TNFR1 Signaling Pathways. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2016; 29:219-29. [PMID: 25959742 PMCID: PMC4522030 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-015-6589-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose TNF-α induces fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor CX3CR1 in endothelial cells through NF-қB activation. NF-қB inhibitors may reduce the expression of CX3CL1, and modulation of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling was proposed as a new target for aspirin. We examined the effects of aspirin on CX3CL1 and TNF-α production, as well as CX3CR1 and TNFR1 expression. Methods HUVECs isolated after term pregnancies (N = 28) were cultured in vitro. Lipopolysaccharide (1 μg/ml) was used as CX3CL1 inducer. HUVECs were exposed to six different concentrations of aspirin (between 1.0 and 6.0 mM) during 7 days. The levels of CX3CL1 and TNF-α in the culture media were measured using ELISA. After termination of the cultures, mean expressions of CX3CR1 and TNFR1 were examined in the immunostained paraffin sections using quantitative immunohistochemistry. Results Aspirin significantly (p < 0.05) decreased CX3CL1 production, and the mean decrease in CX3CL1 production was inversely proportional to increased (p < 0.05) expression of CX3CR1. The combined mean CX3CL1 concentrations, including all time points, equaled 782.18 ± 74.4 pg/ml in aspirin treated HUVECs compared to a total concentration of 2467.53 ± 127.5 pg/ml combined from the respective time points in the controls. An inhibition of TNF-α production in HUVECs after pretreatment with aspirin was observed. Unlike in the case of CX3CR1 expression, there were no signs of TNFR1 upregulation. Conclusions Autoregulation between CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 may explain overexpression of CX3CR1 as the compensatory effect in aspirin-treated HUVECs. Inhibition of CX3CR1 could prevent thrombotic complications in the early period after discontinuation of aspirin.
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu W, Jiang L, Bian C, Liang Y, Xing R, Yishakea M, Dong J. Role of CX3CL1 in Diseases. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 64:371-83. [PMID: 27098399 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are a family of small 8-10 kDa inducible cytokines. Initially characterized as chemotactic factors, they are now considered to affect not just cellular recruitment. CX3CL1 is a unique chemokine that can exist in a soluble form, as a chemotactic cytokine, or in a membrane-attached form that acts as a binding molecule. Recently, the effects of CX3CL1 on diseases, such as inflammation and cancer, have been supported and confirmed by numerous publications. However, due to its dual effects, CX3CL1 exerts numerous effects on pathophysiological conditions that have both negative and positive consequences on pathogenesis and outcome. This review article summarizes the important scientific and clinical data that now point to a critical role for CX3CL1 in diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- WangMi Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Libo Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chong Bian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yun Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rong Xing
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mumingjiang Yishakea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Erreni M, Siddiqui I, Marelli G, Grizzi F, Bianchi P, Morone D, Marchesi F, Celesti G, Pesce S, Doni A, Rumio C, Roncalli MG, Laghi L, Mantovani A, Allavena P. The Fractalkine-Receptor Axis Improves Human Colorectal Cancer Prognosis by Limiting Tumor Metastatic Dissemination. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 196:902-914. [PMID: 26673138 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Human colorectal cancer (CRC) is a frequent neoplasia in Western countries, and its metastatic progression is a major cause of cancer-related death. In search of specific molecules upregulated in CRC, with possible clinical relevance, we performed a differential gene-profiling analysis in surgery-derived CRC samples and adjacent uninvolved intestinal mucosa. The chemokine CX3CL1 and its specific receptor CX3CR1 were significantly upregulated in tumors. Higher expression of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 was confirmed by immunohistochemistry in 100 CRC tumor samples (stages I-III). Unexpectedly, high immune scores of CX3CL1 did not correlate with the density of tumor-infiltrating CD3(+) T cells or CD68(+) macrophages. Coexpression of ligand and receptor by tumor cells (axis-positive tumors) significantly associated with longer disease-free (p = 0.01) and disease-specific survival (p = 0.001). Conversely, axis-negative tumors (with low expression of both ligand and receptor) had increased risk of tumor relapse (p = 0.02), and increased likelihood of metachronous metastasis (p = 0.001), including after stage adjustment (p = 0.006). Transduction of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 in CRC tumor cell lines induced cell aggregation that strongly inhibited in vitro migration in chemotaxis assays. In a mouse model of spleen-liver metastases, cancer dissemination to liver was dramatically reduced in CX3CL1-CX3CR1-expressing tumors, and ligand-receptor interaction was confirmed in cancer cells in vivo by fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis. In conclusion, tumoral expression of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 chemokine axis functions as a retention factor, increasing homotypic cell adhesion and limiting tumor spreading to metastatic sites. Lack or low levels of expression of CX3CL1-CX3CR1 by tumor cells identifies a group of CRC patients at increased risk of metastatic progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Erreni
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy;
| | - Imran Siddiqui
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Marelli
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Grizzi
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Bianchi
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Morone
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Marchesi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Celesti
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Samantha Pesce
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Doni
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiano Rumio
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomolecular Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo G Roncalli
- Humanitas University, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; and Department of Pathology, Institute for Clinical Care and Scientific Research Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Laghi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Humanitas University, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Paola Allavena
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Process of hepatic metastasis from pancreatic cancer: biology with clinical significance. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 142:1137-61. [PMID: 26250876 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-2024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic cancer shows a remarkable preference for the liver to establish secondary tumors. Selective metastasis to the liver is attributed to the development of potential microenvironment for the survival of pancreatic cancer cells. This review aims to provide a full understanding of the hepatic metastatic process from circulating pancreatic cancer cells to their settlement in the liver, serving as a basic theory for efficient prediction and treatment of metastatic diseases. METHODS A systematic search of relevant original articles and reviews was performed on PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library for the purpose of this review. RESULTS Three interrelated phases are delineated as the contributions of the interaction between pancreatic cancer cells and the liver to hepatic metastasis process. Chemotaxis of disseminated pancreatic cancer cells and simultaneous defensive formation of platelets or neutrophils facilitate specific metastasis toward the liver. Remodeling of extracellular matrix and stromal cells in hepatic lobules and angiogenesis induced by proangiogenic factors support the survival and growth of clinical micrometastasis colonizing the liver. The bimodal role of the immune system or prevalence of cancer cells over the immune system makes metastatic progression successfully proceed from micrometastasis to macrometastasis. CONCLUSIONS Pancreatic cancer is an appropriate research object of cancer metastasis representing more than a straight cascade. If any of the successive or simultaneous phases, especially tumor-induced immunosuppression, is totally disrupted, hepatic metastasis will be temporarily under control or even cancelled forever. To shrink cancers on multiple fronts and prolong survival for patients, novel oral or intravenous anti-cancer agents covering one or different phases of metastatic pancreatic cancer are expected to be integrated into innovative strategies on the premise of safety and efficacious biostability.
Collapse
|