1
|
Drouillard D, Halyko M, Cinquegrani E, McAllister D, Peterson FC, Marchese A, Dwinell MB. CXCL12 chemokine dimer signaling modulates acute myelogenous leukemia cell migration through altered receptor internalization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.26.609725. [PMID: 39253415 PMCID: PMC11383031 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.26.609725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignancy of immature myeloid blast cells with stem-like and chemoresistant cells being retained in the bone marrow through CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling. Current CXCR4 inhibitors mobilize AML cells into the bloodstream where they become more chemosensitive have failed to improve patient survival, likely reflecting persistent receptor localization on target cells. Here we characterize the signaling properties of CXCL12-locked dimer (CXCL12-LD), a bioengineered variant of the dimeric CXCL12 structure. CXCL12-LD binding resulted in lower levels of G protein, β-arrestin, and intracellular calcium mobilization, consistent with the locked dimer being a partial agonist of CXCR4. Further, CXCL12-LD failed to induce chemotaxis in AML cells. Despite these partial agonist properties, CXCL12-LD increased CXCR4 internalization compared to wildtype and locked-monomer forms of CXCL12. Analysis of a previously published AML transcriptomic data showed CXCR4 positive AML cells co-express genes involved in chemoresistance and maintenance of a blast-like state. The CXCL12-LD partial agonist effectively mobilized stem cells into the bloodstream in mice suggesting a potential role for their use in targeting CXCR4. Together, our results suggest that enhanced internalization by CXCL12-LD partial agonist signaling can avoid pharmacodynamic tolerance and may identify new avenues to better target GPCRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donovan Drouillard
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, USA
- Center for Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, USA
| | - Michael Halyko
- Center for Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, USA
| | | | - Donna McAllister
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, USA
- Center for Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, USA
| | - Francis C Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, USA
| | - Adriano Marchese
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, USA
| | - Michael B Dwinell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, USA
- Center for Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, USA
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chaudary N, Hill RP, Milosevic M. Targeting the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway to reduce radiation treatment side effects. Radiother Oncol 2024; 194:110194. [PMID: 38447871 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
High precision, image-guided radiotherapy (RT) has increased the therapeutic ratio, enabling higher tumor and lower normal tissue doses, leading to improved patient outcomes. Nevertheless, some patients remain at risk of developing serious side effects.In many clinical situations, the radiation tolerance of normal tissues close to the target volume limits the dose that can safely be delivered and thus the potential for tumor control and cure. This is particularly so in patients being re-treated for tumor progression or a second primary tumor within a previous irradiated volume, scenarios that are becoming more frequent in clinical practice.Various normal tissue 'radioprotective' drugs with the potential to reduce side effects have been studied previously. Unfortunately, most have failed to impact clinical practice because of lack of therapeutic efficacy, concern about concurrent tumor protection or excessive drug-related toxicity. This review highlights the evidence indicating that targeting the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway can mitigate acute and late RT-induced injury and reduce treatment side effects in a manner that overcomes these previous translational challenges. Pre-clinical studies involving a broad range of normal tissues commonly affected in clinical practice, including skin, lung, the gastrointestinal tract and brain, have shown that CXCL12 signalling is upregulated by RT and attracts CXCR4-expressing inflammatory cells that exacerbate acute tissue injury and late fibrosis. These studies also provide convincing evidence that inhibition of CXCL12/CXCR4 signalling during or after RT can reduce or prevent RT side effects, warranting further evaluation in clinical studies. Greater dialogue with the pharmaceutical industry is needed to prioritize the development and availability of CXCL12/CXCR4 inhibitors for future RT studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naz Chaudary
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard P Hill
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Milosevic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang G, Zhu ZM, Wang K. Identification of ROS and KEAP1-related genes and verified targets of α-hederin induce cell death for CRC. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22200. [PMID: 38747107 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed and verified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ROS and KEAP1 crosstalk in oncogenic signatures using GEO data sets (GSE4107 and GSE41328). Multiple pathway enrichment analyses were finished based on DEGs. The genetic signature for colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD) was identified by using the Cox regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used to explore the prognosis value of specific genes in COAD. The potential immune signatures and drug sensitivity prediction were also analyzed. Promising small-molecule agents were identified and predicted targets of α-hederin in SuperPred were validated by molecular docking. Also, expression levels of genes and Western blot analysis were conducted. In total, 48 genes were identified as DEGs, and the hub genes such as COL1A1, CXCL12, COL1A2, FN1, CAV1, TIMP3, and IGFBP7 were identified. The ROS and KEAP1-associated gene signatures comprised of hub key genes were developed for predicting the prognosis and evaluating the immune cell responses and immune infiltration in COAD. α-hederin, a potential anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) agent, was found to enhance the sensitivity of HCT116 cells, regulate CAV1 and COL1A1, and decrease KEAP1, Nrf2, and HO-1 expression significantly. KEAP1-related genes could be an essential mediator of ROS in CRC, and KEAP1-associated genes were effective in predicting prognosis and evaluating individualized CRC treatment. Therefore, α-hederin may be an effective chemosensitizer for CRC treatments in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Min Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tuo Z, Feng D, Jiang Z, Bi L, Yang C, Wang Q. Unveiling clinical significance and tumor immune landscape of CXCL12 in bladder cancer: Insights from multiple omics analysis. Chin J Cancer Res 2023; 35:686-701. [PMID: 38204439 PMCID: PMC10774138 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.06.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The interplay between chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 12 (CXCL12) and its specific receptors is known to trigger various signaling pathways, contributing to tumor proliferation and metastasis. Consequently, targeting this signaling axis has emerged as a potential strategy in cancer therapy. However, the precise role of CXCL12 in clinical therapy, especially in immunotherapy for bladder cancer (BCa), remains poorly elucidated. Methods We gathered multiple omics data from public databases to unveil the clinical relevance and tumor immune landscape associated with CXCL12 in BCa patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were employed to assess the independent prognostic significance of CXCL12 expression and formulate a nomogram. The expression of CXCL12 in BCa cell lines and clinical tissue samples was validated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results While transcriptional expression of CXCL12 exhibited a decrease in nearly all tumor tissues, CXCL12 methylation expression was notably increased in BCa tissues. Single-cell RNA analysis highlighted tissue stem cells and endothelial cells as the primary sources expressing CXCL12. Abnormal CXCL12 expression, based on transcriptional and methylation levels, correlated with various clinical characteristics in BCa patients. Functional analysis indicated enrichment of CXCL12 and its co-expression genes in immune regulation and cell adhesion. The immune landscape analysis unveiled a significant association between CXCL12 expression and M2 macrophages (CD163+ cells) in BCa tissues. Notably, CXCL12 expression emerged as a potential predictor of immunotherapy response and chemotherapy drug sensitivity in BCa patients. Conclusions Taken together, these findings suggest aberrant production of CXCL12 in BCa tissues, potentially influencing the treatment responses of affected individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouting Tuo
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Dechao Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Liangkuan Bi
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Köhn P, Lalos A, Posabella A, Wilhelm A, Tampakis A, Caner E, Güth U, Stadlmann S, Spagnoli GC, Piscuoglio S, Richarz S, Delko T, Droeser RA, Singer G. High density of CXCL12-positive immune cell infiltration predicts chemosensitivity and recurrence-free survival in ovarian carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:17943-17955. [PMID: 37966614 PMCID: PMC10725329 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian carcinoma is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy because of its late diagnosis, extremely high recurrence rate, and limited curative treatment options. In clinical practice, high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) predominates due to its frequency, high aggressiveness, and rapid development of drug resistance. Recent evidence suggests that CXCL12 is an important immunological factor in ovarian cancer progression. Therefore, we investigated the predictive and prognostic significance of the expression of this chemokine in tumor and immune cells in patients with HGSC. METHODS We studied a cohort of 47 primary high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas and their associated recurrences. A tissue microarray was constructed to evaluate the CXCL12 immunostained tumor tissue. CXCL12 expression was evaluated and statistically analyzed to correlate clinicopathologic data, overall survival, and recurrence-free survival. RESULTS A high proportion of CXCL12 + positive immune cells in primary ovarian serous carcinoma correlated significantly with chemosensitivity (p = 0.005), overall survival (p = 0.021), and longer recurrence-free survival (p = 0.038). In recurrent disease, high expression of CXCL12 was also correlated with better overall survival (p = 0.040). Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that high CXCL12 + tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) (HR 0.99, p = 0.042, HR 0.99, p = 0.023, respectively) and combined CXCL12 + /CD66b + infiltration (HR 0.15, p = 0.001, HR 0.13, p = 0.001, respectively) are independent favorable predictive markers for recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSION A high density of CXCL12 + TICs predicts a good response to chemotherapy, leading to a better overall survival and a longer recurrence-free interval. Moreover, with concomitant high CXCL12/CD66b TIC density, it is an independent favorable predictor of recurrence-free survival in patients with ovarian carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Köhn
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases (Clarunis), University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Alexandros Lalos
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases (Clarunis), University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Posabella
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases (Clarunis), University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Wilhelm
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases (Clarunis), University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Athanasios Tampakis
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases (Clarunis), University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ercan Caner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Güth
- Brustzentrum Zürich, Seefeldstrasse 214, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Stadlmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Pathology, Kantonsspital Baden AG, Im Ergel 1, 5404, Baden, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Sabine Richarz
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tarik Delko
- Chirurgie Zentrum Zentralschweiz/Surgical Center Central-Switzerland, Ärztehaus, St. Anna-Strasse 32, Lützelmatt 1, 6006, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Raoul A Droeser
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases (Clarunis), University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Gad Singer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Pathology, Kantonsspital Baden AG, Im Ergel 1, 5404, Baden, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ferreira CJDS, Caires IQDS, da Costa WJB, de Almeida SMV. Collagen content and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 expression in neoplastic breast stroma. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:e20221210. [PMID: 37729354 PMCID: PMC10508945 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20221210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 and its C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4, and the tumor-stroma ratio using collagen stromal content of breast cancer samples, correlating it with clinicopathological data. METHODS Through a retrospective cohort study, samples were obtained from female patients, over 18 years of age, with the disease in stages 1-4, who underwent mastectomy or lumpectomy. The biopsies were provided by the Oncology sector of the Hospital das Clínicas of Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife city, in 2011-2014, including samples of invasive ductal carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ, or benign changes (fibroadenoma and hypertrophy), which were analyzed between 2020 and 2022 by immunohistochemistry for the expression of stromal cell characteristics. Collagen content was tested by Gomori staining and digital analysis of images. RESULTS Absence of stromal expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 was associated with longer disease-free survival (disease-free survival=0.481), and expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 was associated with lower disease-free survival. An association was observed between clinicopathological variables and stromal expression of chemokines, that is, an association of stromal C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 with histological grade, angiolymphatic invasion, and an association between C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 expression and histological grade. Analyses of digital pixels images of collagen and tumor cells showed a lower percentage of collagen in the invasive ductal carcinoma samples (39%), unlike samples without neoplasms (78%). CONCLUSION Low expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 may be associated with a worse prognosis for breast cancer. Collagen staining analyzed using digital images represents an opportunity for clinical application and is indicative of the prognosis of the tumor microenvironment in breast carcinoma.
Collapse
|
7
|
Gao ZJ, Fang Z, Yuan JP, Sun SR, Li B. Integrative multi-omics analyses unravel the immunological implication and prognostic significance of CXCL12 in breast cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188351. [PMID: 37564657 PMCID: PMC10410148 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CXCL12 is a vital factor in physiological and pathological processes, by inducing migration of multiple cells. We aimed to comprehensively detect the role of CXCL12 in breast cancer, and explore novel CXCL12-related biomarkers through integrative multi-omics analyses to build a powerful prognostic model for breast cancer patients. Methods Immunohistochemistry analysis of the tissue microarray was performed to evaluate the correlation between CXCL12 expression levels and breast cancer patient outcomes. Combined single-nucleus and spatial transcriptomics data was used to uncover the expression distribution of CXCL12 in breast cancer microenvironment. CXCL12-related genes were identified by WGCNA analysis. Univariate Cox and LASSO regression analyses were then conducted to screen prognostic genes from above CXCL12-related genes, followed by the construction of the CXCL12-related prognostic signature, identification of risk groups, and external validation of the prognostic signature. Analyses of biological function, mutation landscape, immune checkpoint genes and immune cells, were performed to further reveal the differences between high/low-risk groups. Paired single-cell RNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq were analyzed to further disclose the association between the risk score and the complex tumor immune microenvironment. To screen potential therapeutic agents for breast cancer patients, analyses of gene-drug correlation and sensitivity to immunotherapy were conducted. Results High expression of CXCL12 was linked with a prolonged survival in breast cancer. A total of 402 genes were identified by WGCNA analysis and 11 genes, covering VAT1L, TMEM92, SDC1, RORB, PCSK9, NRN1, NACAD, JPH3, GJA1, BMP8B and ADAMTS2, were screened as the candidate prognostic genes. Next, the prognostic signature was built and validated using these genes to predict the outcomes of breast cancers. The high-risk group patients exhibited significantly inferior prognoses. The combination of the risk score and tumor mutational burden (TMB) had remarkably improved performance in predicting patient outcomes. Besides, high-risk group patients showed higher infiltration of M2-like macrophages. Finally, several potential anticancer drugs were identified. The high-risk group patients were more sensitive to immunotherapy but resistant to docetaxel. Conclusions CXCL12 has important immunological implication and prognostic significance in breast cancer. The CXCL12-related prognostic model could well predict the prognosis and treatment response of breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jie Gao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhou Fang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing-Ping Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sheng-Rong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Adrover JM, McDowell SAC, He XY, Quail DF, Egeblad M. NETworking with cancer: The bidirectional interplay between cancer and neutrophil extracellular traps. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:505-526. [PMID: 36827980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are major effectors and regulators of the immune system. They play critical roles not only in the eradication of pathogens but also in cancer initiation and progression. Conversely, the presence of cancer affects neutrophil activity, maturation, and lifespan. By promoting or repressing key neutrophil functions, cancer cells co-opt neutrophil biology to their advantage. This co-opting includes hijacking one of neutrophils' most striking pathogen defense mechanisms: the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are web-like filamentous extracellular structures of DNA, histones, and cytotoxic granule-derived proteins. Here, we discuss the bidirectional interplay by which cancer stimulates NET formation, and NETs in turn support disease progression. We review how vascular dysfunction and thrombosis caused by neutrophils and NETs underlie an elevated risk of death from cardiovascular events in cancer patients. Finally, we propose therapeutic strategies that may be effective in targeting NETs in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Adrover
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Sheri A C McDowell
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xue-Yan He
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Daniela F Quail
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Mikala Egeblad
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Roberto M, Arrivi G, Di Civita MA, Barchiesi G, Pilozzi E, Marchetti P, Santini D, Mazzuca F, Tomao S. The role of CXCL12 axis in pancreatic cancer: New biomarkers and potential targets. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1154581. [PMID: 37035150 PMCID: PMC10076769 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1154581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chemokines are small, secreted peptides involved in the mediation of the immune cell recruitment. Chemokines have been implicated in several diseases including autoimmune diseases, viral infections and also played a critical role in the genesis and development of several malignant tumors. CXCL12 is a homeostatic CXC chemokine involved in the process of proliferation, and tumor spread. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive tumors, that is still lacking effective therapies and with a dramatically poor prognosis. Method We conducted a scientific literature search on Pubmed and Google Scholar including retrospective, prospective studies and reviews focused on the current research elucidating the emerging role of CXCL12 and its receptors CXCR4 - CXCR7 in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. Results Considering the mechanism of immunomodulation of the CXCL12-CXCR4-CXCR7 axis, as well as the potential interaction with the microenvironment in the PDAC, several combined therapeutic approaches have been studied and developed, to overcome the "cold" immunological setting of PDAC, like combining CXCL12 axis inhibitors with anti PD-1/PDL1 drugs. Conclusion Understanding the role of this chemokine's axis in disease initiation and progression may provide the basis for developing new potential biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for related pancreatic cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Roberto
- Oncology Unit (UOC) Oncologia A, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anathomo-patological Science, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Arrivi
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’ Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Alberto Di Civita
- Oncology Unit (UOC) Oncologia A, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anathomo-patological Science, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Mattia Alberto Di Civita,
| | - Giacomo Barchiesi
- Oncology Unit (UOC) Oncologia A, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anathomo-patological Science, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pilozzi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Anatomia Patologica Unit, Sant’ Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Scientific Direction, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Santini
- Oncology Unit (UOC) Oncologia A, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anathomo-patological Science, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Mazzuca
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’ Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silverio Tomao
- Oncology Unit (UOC) Oncologia A, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anathomo-patological Science, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
D’Alterio C, Giardino A, Scognamiglio G, Butturini G, Portella L, Guardascione G, Frigerio I, Montella M, Gobbo S, Martignoni G, Napolitano V, De Vita F, Tatangelo F, Franco R, Scala S. CXCR4-CXCL12-CXCR7 and PD-1/PD-L1 in Pancreatic Cancer: CXCL12 Predicts Survival of Radically Resected Patients. Cells 2022; 11:3340. [PMID: 36359736 PMCID: PMC9655815 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is currently the most deadly cancer. Although characterized by 5-20% of neoplastic cells in the highly fibrotic stroma, immunotherapy is not a valid option in PDAC treatment. As CXCR4-CXCL12 regulates tumor invasion and T-cell access and PD-1/PD-L1 controls immune tolerance, 76 PDACs were evaluated for CXCR4-CXCL12-CXCR7 and PD-1/PD-L1 in the epithelial and stromal component. Neoplastic CXCR4 and CXCL12 discriminated PDACs for recurrence-free survival (RFS), while CXCL12 and CXCR7 discriminated patients for cancer-specific survival (CSS). Interestingly, among patients with radical resection (R0), high tumor CXCR4 clustered patients with worse RFS, high CXCL12 identified poor prognostic patients for both RFS and CSS, while stromal lymphocytic-monocytic PD-L1 associated with improved RFS and CSS. PD-1 was only sporadically expressed (<1%) in focal lymphocyte infiltrate and does not impact prognosis. In multivariate analysis, tumoral CXCL12, perineural invasion, and AJCC lymph node status were independent prognostic factors for RFS; tumoral CXCL12, AJCC Stage, and vascular invasion were independent prognostic factors for CSS. CXCL12's poor prognostic meaning was confirmed in an additional perspective-independent 13 fine-needle aspiration cytology advanced stage-PDACs. Thus, CXCR4-CXCL12 evaluation in PDAC identifies prognostic categories and could orient therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crescenzo D’Alterio
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giardino
- Unit of HPB Surgery, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, 37019 Verona, Italy
| | - Giosuè Scognamiglio
- Pathology Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Butturini
- Unit of HPB Surgery, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, 37019 Verona, Italy
| | - Luigi Portella
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Guardascione
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Isabella Frigerio
- Unit of HPB Surgery, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, 37019 Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Montella
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Gobbo
- Department of Pathology, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, 37019 Verona, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Guido Martignoni
- Department of Pathology, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, 37019 Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Napolitano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando De Vita
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Tatangelo
- Pathology Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Scala
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang H, Li J, Zhou Q. Prognostic role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 expression in solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:954495. [PMID: 36212460 PMCID: PMC9538899 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.954495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAs an emerging immune checkpoint molecule, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an immunosuppressive rate-limiting enzyme in metabolism of tryptophan to kynurenine. The expression of IDO1 affected the prognosis of patients in cancers by regulating the kynurenine pathway, inhibiting the proliferation of T cells. However, the association between IDO1 and solid tumor prognosis was controversial. To further investigate the role of IDO1 expression in solid tumors, we conducted the systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) to identify studies evaluating the prognostic value of IDO1 in solid tumors. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease-free survival (DFS) were extracted as the outcome. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using the fixed-effect/random-effect model, while heterogeneity, publication bias, and sensitivity between studies were also analyzed.ResultsEighteen studies with 2,168 patients were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The results indicated that the high expression of IDO1 was associated with a shorter OS (n = 1926, HR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.22–2.11, P = 0.001) and DFS (n = 327, HR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.52–4.63, P = 0.001), while it was uncorrelated with PFS (n = 428, HR = 1.76, 95% CI: 0.99–3.14, P = 0.240). There was significant heterogeneity between studies on OS (I2 = 77.8%, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that age, gender, tumor type, follow-up period, and study quality were possible reasons for high heterogeneity. The result of the trim-and-fill method indicated that publication bias for OS had no impact on our results. Egger’s test suggested no publication bias for PFS (P = 0.553) and DFS (P = 0.273). Furthermore, sensitivity analysis indicated the result was stable.ConclusionHigh expression of IDO1 was associated with poor clinical outcomes, indicating that it could be a potential prognostic marker in various cancer types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Department, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Pharmaceutical Department, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Zhou,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu Q, Ma Z, Cao Q, Zhao H, Guo Y, Liu T, Li J. Perineural invasion-associated biomarkers for tumor development. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113691. [PMID: 36095958 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineural invasion (PNI) is the process of neoplastic invasion of peripheral nerves and is considered to be the fifth mode of cancer metastasis. PNI has been detected in head and neck tumors and pancreatic, prostate, bile duct, gastric, and colorectal cancers. It leads to poor prognostic outcomes and high local recurrence rates. Despite the increasing number of studies on PNI, targeted therapeutic modalities have not been proposed. The identification of PNI-related biomarkers would facilitate the non-invasive and early diagnosis of cancers, the establishment of prognostic panels, and the development of targeted therapeutic approaches. In this review, we compile information on the molecular mediators involved in PNI-associated cancers. The expression and prognostic significance of molecular mediators and their receptors in PNI-associated cancers are analyzed, and the possible mechanisms of action of these mediators in PNI are explored, as well as the association of cells in the microenvironment where PNI occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Zhiming Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Education, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Gastroenterology and Center of Digestive Endoscopy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Tongjun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Biodetection Techniques for Quantification of Chemokines. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10080294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are a class of cytokine whose special properties, together with their involvement and relevant role in various diseases, make them a restricted group of biomarkers suitable for diagnosis and monitoring. Despite their importance, biodetection techniques dedicated to the selective determination of one or more chemokines are very scarce. For some years now, the critical diagnosis of inflammatory diseases by detecting both cytokine and chemokine biomarkers, has had a strong impact on the development of multiple detection platforms. However, it would be desirable to implement methodologies with a higher degree of selectivity for chemokines, in order to provide more precise information. In addition, better development of biosensor technology applied to this specific field would make it possible to address the main challenges of detection methods for several diseases with a high incidence in the population, avoiding high costs and low sensitivity. Taking this into account, this review aims to present the state of the art of chemokine biodetection techniques and emphasize the role of these systems in the prevention, monitoring and treatment of various diseases associated with chemokines as a starting point for future developments that are also analyzed throughout the article.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang YC, Lu S, Zhou XJ, Yang L, Liu P, Zhang L, Hu Y, Dong XZ. miR-1273h-5p suppresses CXCL12 expression and inhibits gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:930-946. [PMID: 35647303 PMCID: PMC9113083 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the biological function of miR-1273h-5p in gastric cancer (GC) and its underlying mechanisms. The differential expression of microRNAs between GC and tumor-adjacent normal tissues was detected using microarrays, miR-1273h-5p, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) mRNA, and protein levels were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting methods, cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were determined by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and transwell assay. Compared to tumor-adjacent normal tissue and gastric epithelial mucosa cell line cells, miR-1273h-5p was significantly downregulated in tissues and cells of GC. The overexpression of miR-1273h-5p could inhibit cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promote cell apoptosis; in contrast, inhibition of miR-1273h-5p expression could reverse this process. Moreover, a significant upregulation of CXCL12 was observed when the miR-1273h-5p was downregulated in GC cells. Additionally, miR-1273h-5p significantly reduces tumor volume and weight. Thus, this study suggests that miR-1273h-5p regulates cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis during GC progression by directly binding to CXCL12 mRNA 3′-untranslational regions, which may be a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target in GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Song Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.,College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.,College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 FuXing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xian-Zhe Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu S, Yuan W, Luo W, Nie K, Wu X, Meng X, Shen Z, Wang X. MiR-126 downregulates CXCL12 expression in intestinal epithelial cells to suppress the recruitment and function of macrophages and tumorigenesis in a murine model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3465-3489. [PMID: 35363937 PMCID: PMC9533691 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease, characterised by chronic relapsing‐remitting colitis, is a significant risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Previously, we showed that miR‐126 functions as a tumour suppressor in CRC and is inversely correlated with tumour proliferation, metastasis and patient prognosis. In the current study, we documented a protective role for miR‐126 in colitis‐associated CRC (CAC) and its underlying mechanism. We detected downregulated miR‐126 expression during colorectal tumorigenesis in the mouse CAC model and in specimens from patients with CRC. The deficiency of miR‐126 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) exacerbated tumorigenesis in mice. We identified CXCL12 as a direct target of miR‐126 in inhibiting the development of colitis and CAC. Moreover, miR‐126 regulated the recruitment of macrophages via CXCL12 and decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐6, IL‐12 and IL‐23). In addition, IL‐6 secreted by macrophages, which were regulated by cocultured transfected CRC cells, altered the proliferation and migration of colon cells. Our data suggest that miR‐126 exerts an antitumour effect on CAC by regulating the crosstalk between IECs and macrophages via CXCL12‐IL‐6 signalling. Our study contributes to the understanding of cancer progression and suggests miR‐126 as a potential therapy for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of the Hunan Province, The Third Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of the Hunan Province, The Third Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of the Hunan Province, The Third Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of the Hunan Province, The Third Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of the Hunan Province, The Third Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangrui Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of the Hunan Province, The Third Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaohua Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of the Hunan Province, The Third Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of the Hunan Province, The Third Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Märkl F, Huynh D, Endres S, Kobold S. Utilizing chemokines in cancer immunotherapy. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:670-682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
17
|
CXC Chemokine Signaling in Progression of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Theranostic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052642. [PMID: 35269786 PMCID: PMC8910147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are often diagnosed at an advanced stage due to nonspecific symptoms and ineffective screening approaches. Although chemotherapy has been available and widely used for the treatment of advanced EOC, the overall prognosis remains dismal. As part of the intrinsic defense mechanisms against cancer development and progression, immune cells are recruited into the tumor microenvironment (TME), and this process is directed by the interactions between different chemokines and their receptors. In this review, the functional significance of CXC chemokine ligands/chemokine receptors (CXCL/CXCR) and their roles in modulating EOC progression are summarized. The status and prospects of CXCR/CXCL-based theranostic strategies in EOC management are also discussed.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zarychta E, Ruszkowska-Ciastek B. Cooperation between Angiogenesis, Vasculogenesis, Chemotaxis, and Coagulation in Breast Cancer Metastases Development: Pathophysiological Point of View. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020300. [PMID: 35203510 PMCID: PMC8869468 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in women. Early breast cancer has a relatively good prognosis, in contrast to metastatic disease with rather poor outcomes. Metastasis formation in distant organs is a complex process requiring cooperation of numerous cells, growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. Tumor growth, invasion, and finally systemic spread are driven by processes of angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, chemotaxis, and coagulation. This review summarizes their role in development of distant metastases in breast cancer, as well as explains the essential processes occurring throughout these actions. Abstract With almost 2.3 million new cases and 685 thousand fatal events in 2020 alone, breast cancer remains one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Despite the increasing prevalence of the disease in recent years, the number of deaths has dropped—this is mostly the result of better diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities, allowing to recognize and treat breast cancer earlier and more efficiently. However, metastatic disease still remains a therapeutic challenge. As mechanisms of tumor spread are being explored, new drugs can be implemented in clinical practice, improving the outcomes in patients with advanced disease. Formation of metastases is a complex process, which involves activation of angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, chemotaxis, and coagulation. The actions, which occur during metastatic spread are interrelated and complementary. This review summarizes their importance and mutual connections in formation of secondary tumors in breast cancer.
Collapse
|
19
|
Associations of CXCL12 polymorphisms with clinicopathological features in breast cancer: a case-control study. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2255-2263. [PMID: 35079936 PMCID: PMC8863681 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies suggested that CXCL12 was involved in the development, metastasis, and invasion of breast cancer, and genetic variants were associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with breast cancer. The present study was aimed to assess the relationships between CXCL12 polymorphisms (rs1801157, rs2297630, and rs2839693) and susceptibility and clinicopathological features of breast cancer. Methods A case-control study was conducted in 434 breast cancer patients and 450 health controls. Student t-test and chi-square test were used to analyze the differences of age distribution and genotype frequencies between the two groups. Correlations between polymorphisms and clinical parameters were also assessed by chi-square test. The potential effects of the three polymorphisms on CXCL12 were investigated by the public database. Results A statistical association was found between CXCL12 rs1801157 polymorphism and breast cancer risk, possibility of metastasis, and estrogen receptor status. Patients with rs2839693 C/T or C/T-T/T genotypes were more likely to be progesterone receptor-negative. However, no associations of rs2297630 polymorphism with breast cancer risk or any clinicopathological characteristics were observed. In addition, rs2297630 affected the splicing quantitative trait loci of CXCL12 in the subcutaneous fat, rs2839693 polymorphism affected the splicing quantitative trait loci of CXCL12 in the human breast mammary tissues. Conclusions Those results indicated that CXCL12 polymorphisms might be potential diagnostic indicators, and more investigation is needed in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11033-021-07047-9.
Collapse
|
20
|
Ke CH, Tomiyasu H, Lin YL, Huang WH, Huang HH, Chiang HC, Lin CS. Canine transmissible venereal tumour established in immunodeficient mice reprograms the gene expression profiles associated with a favourable tumour microenvironment to enable cancer malignancy. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:4. [PMID: 34980125 PMCID: PMC8722346 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine transmissible venereal tumours (CTVTs) can cross the major histocompatibility complex barrier to spread among dogs. In addition to the transmissibility within canids, CTVTs are also known as a suitable model for investigating the tumour–host immunity interaction because dogs live with humans and experience the same environmental risk factors for tumourigenesis. Moreover, outbred dogs are more appropriate than inbred mice models for simulating the diversity of human cancer development. This study built a new model of CTVTs, known as MCTVTs, to further probe the shaping effects of immune stress on tumour development. For xenotransplantation, CTVTs were first injected and developed in immunodeficient mice (NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/NcrCrl), defined as XCTVTs. The XCTVTs harvested from NOD/SCID mice were then inoculated and grown in beagles and named mouse xenotransplantation of CTVTs (MCTVTs). Results After the inoculation of CTVTs and MCTVTs into immune-competent beagle dogs separately, MCTVTs grew faster and metastasized more frequently than CTVTs did. Gene expression profiles in CTVTs and MCTVTs were analysed by cDNA microarray to reveal that MCTVTs expressed many tumour-promoting genes involved in chronic inflammation, chemotaxis, extracellular space modification, NF-kappa B pathways, and focal adhesion. Furthermore, several well-known tumour-associated biomarkers which could predict tumour progression were overexpressed in MCTVTs. Conclusions This study demonstrated that defective host immunity can result in gene instability and enable transcriptome reprogramming within tumour cells. Fast tumour growth in beagle dogs and overexpression of tumour-associated biomarkers were found in a CTVT strain previously established in immunodeficient mice. In addition, dysregulated interaction of chronic inflammation, chemotaxis, and extracellular space modification were revealed to imply the possibly exacerbating mechanisms in the microenvironments of these tumours. In summary, this study offers a potential method to facilitate tumour progression and provide a niche for discovering tumour-associated biomarkers in cancer research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-03093-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Hsu Ke
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd., 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hirotaka Tomiyasu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yu-Ling Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hsuan Huang
- Industrial Development Graduate Program of College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, 30068, Taiwan
| | | | - Chen-Si Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd., 10617, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Queen NJ, Deng H, Huang W, Mo X, Wilkins RK, Zhu T, Wu X, Cao L. Environmental Enrichment Mitigates Age-Related Metabolic Decline and Lewis Lung Carcinoma Growth in Aged Female Mice. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2021; 14:1075-1088. [PMID: 34535449 PMCID: PMC8639669 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-21-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex physiological process that leads to the progressive decline of metabolic and immune function, among other biological mechanisms. As global life expectancy increases, it is important to understand determinants of healthy aging-including environmental and genetic factors-and thus slow the onset or progression of age-related disease. Environmental enrichment (EE) is a housing environment wherein laboratory animals engage with complex physical and social stimulation. EE is a prime model to understand environmental influences on aging dynamics, as it confers an antiobesity and anticancer phenotype that has been implicated in healthy aging and health span extension. Although EE is frequently used to study malignancies in young mice, fewer studies characterize EE-cancer outcomes in older mice. Here, we used young (3-month-old) and aged (14-month-old) female C57BL/6 mice to determine whether EE would be able to mitigate age-related deficiencies in metabolic function and thus alter Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) growth. Overall, EE improved metabolic function, resulting in reduced fat mass, increased lean mass, and improved glycemic processing; many of these effects were stronger in the aged cohort than in the young cohort, indicating an age-driven effect on metabolic responses. In the aged-EE cohort, subcutaneously implanted LLC tumor growth was inhibited and tumors exhibited alterations in various markers of apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis, inflammation, and malignancy. These results validate EE as an anticancer model in aged mice and underscore the importance of understanding environmental influences on cancer malignancy in aged populations. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: Environmental enrichment (EE) serves as a model of complex physical and social stimulation. This study validates EE as an anticancer intervention paradigm in aged mice and underscores the importance of understanding environmental influences on cancer malignancy in aged populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Queen
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ryan K Wilkins
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang K, Kumar US, Sadeghipour N, Massoud TF, Paulmurugan R. A Microfluidics-Based Scalable Approach to Generate Extracellular Vesicles with Enhanced Therapeutic MicroRNA Loading for Intranasal Delivery to Mouse Glioblastomas. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18327-18346. [PMID: 34723509 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles derived from different cell sources, are used as promising nanovesicles for delivering therapeutic microRNAs (miRNAs) and drugs in cancer therapy. However, their clinical translation is limited by the quantity, size heterogeneity, and drug or small RNA loading efficiency. Herein, we developed a scalable microfluidic platform that can load therapeutic miRNAs (antimiRNA-21 and miRNA-100) and drugs while controlling the size of microfluidically processed EVs (mpEVs) using a pressure-based disruption and reconstitution process. We prepared mpEVs of optimal size using microvesicles isolated from neural stem cells engineered to overexpress CXCR4 receptor and characterized them for charge and miRNA loading efficiency. Since the delivery of therapeutic miRNAs to brain cancer is limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), we adopted intranasal administration of miRNA-loaded CXCR4-engineered mpEVs in orthotopic GBM mouse models and observed a consistent pattern of mpEVs trafficking across the nasal epithelia, bypassing the BBB into the intracranial compartment. In addition, the CXCR4-engineered mpEVs manifested selective tropism toward GBMs by stromal-derived factor-1 chemotaxis to deliver their miRNA cargo. The delivered miRNAs sensitized GBM cells to temozolomide, resulting in prominent tumor regression, and improved the overall survival of mice. A simple and efficient approach of packaging miRNAs in mpEVs using microfluidics, combined with a noninvasive nose-to-brain delivery route presents far-reaching potential opportunities to improve GBM therapy in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304, United States
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Uday S Kumar
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304, United States
| | - Negar Sadeghipour
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304, United States
| | - Tarik F Massoud
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304, United States
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Okikawa S, Higashijima J, Nishi M, Yoshimoto T, Eto S, Takasu C, Kashihara H, Tokunaga T, Yoshikawa K, Shimada M. SDF-1 expression after preoperative chemoradiotherapy is associated with prognosis in patients with advanced lower rectal cancer. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2021; 68:309-314. [PMID: 34759150 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.68.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) expression is associated with cancer progression, as a biomarker of prognosis. We clarified the significance of SDF-1 expression on chemoradiotherapy (CRT) resistance and prognosis in advanced lower rectal cancer patients. We evaluated 98 patients with advanced lower rectal cancer who underwent preoperative CRT. All patients received 40 Gy of radiation therapy, with concurrent chemotherapy containing fluorinated pyrimidines, followed by surgical resection. SDF-1 expression in surgical specimens was examined by immunohistochemistry. We divided the patients into SDF-1-positive- (n = 52) and SDF-1-negative groups (n = 46) and compared the clinicopathological factors and survival rates. The SDF-1-positive group was more resistant to CRT than the SDF-1-negative group (non-responder rate, 63.5% vs. 47.8%, respectively ; p = 0.12). Overall survival (OS) in the SDF-1 positive group was significantly poorer vs. the SDF-1-negative group (5-year OS, 73.4% vs. 88.0%, respectively ; p = 0.02), and disease-free survival (DFS) was worse (5-year DFS, 61.0% vs. 74.1%, respectively ; p = 0.07). Multivariate analysis confirmed that SDF-1 expression was a significant independent prognostic predictor of OS (p = 0.04). SDF-1 expression after preoperative CRT is significantly associated with a poor prognosis in advanced lower rectal cancer patients and is a promising biomarker. J. Med. Invest. 68 : 309-314, August, 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Okikawa
- Department of Digestive and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jun Higashijima
- Department of Digestive and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nishi
- Department of Digestive and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yoshimoto
- Department of Digestive and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shohei Eto
- Department of Digestive and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Chie Takasu
- Department of Digestive and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hideya Kashihara
- Department of Digestive and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takuya Tokunaga
- Department of Digestive and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kozo Yoshikawa
- Department of Digestive and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Digestive and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Identification of Protein Biomarker Signatures for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Using Both Nontargeted and Targeted Approaches. Proteomes 2021; 9:proteomes9040042. [PMID: 34842843 PMCID: PMC8628952 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes9040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by an increasing number of clonal myeloid blast cells which are incapable of differentiating into mature leukocytes. AML risk stratification is based on genetic background, which also serves as a means to identify the optimal treatment of individual patients. However, constant refinements are needed, and the inclusion of significant measurements, based on the various omics approaches that are currently available to researchers/clinicians, have the potential to increase overall accuracy with respect to patient management. Using both nontargeted (label-free mass spectrometry) and targeted (multiplex immunoassays) proteomics, a range of proteins were found to be significantly changed in AML patients with different genetic backgrounds. The inclusion of validated proteomic biomarker panels could be an important factor in the prognostic classification of AML patients. The ability to measure both cellular and secreted analytes, at diagnosis and during the course of treatment, has advantages in identifying transforming biological mechanisms in patients, assisting important clinical management decisions.
Collapse
|
25
|
Czerwiński M, Bednarska-Czerwińska A, Zmarzły N, Boroń D, Oplawski M, Grabarek BO. miRNAs in the Expression Regulation of Dopamine-Related Genes and Proteins in Endometrial Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214939. [PMID: 34768458 PMCID: PMC8584850 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the dopaminergic system leads to many diseases, including cancer. Dopamine and its receptors are involved in the regulation of proliferation, cell death, invasion, and migration. Better understanding of the mechanisms involved in these processes could reveal new molecular markers and therapeutic targets. The aim of this study was to determine the expression profile of dopamine-related genes and proteins in endometrial cancer and to assess whether miRNAs are involved in its regulation. Sixty women were recruited for the study: 30 with endometrial cancer and 30 without cancer. The expression profiles of dopamine-related genes were determined in endometrial tissue samples using microarrays and qRT-PCR. Then, protein concentration was determined with the ELISA test. In the last step, miRNA detection was performed using microarrays. The matching of miRNAs to the studied genes was carried out using the TargetScan tool. The analysis showed DRD2 and DRD3 overexpression, with a reduction in DRD5 expression, which could be due to miR-15a-5p, miR-141-3p, miR-4640-5p, and miR-221-5p activity. High levels of OPRK1 and CXCL12, related to the activity of miR-124-3p.1 and miR-135b-5p, have also been reported. Low COMT expression was probably not associated with miRNA regulation in endometrial cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Czerwiński
- American Medical Clinic, 40-600 Katowice, Poland
- Gyncentrum Fertility Clinic, 40-121 Katowice, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Bednarska-Czerwińska
- Gyncentrum Fertility Clinic, 40-121 Katowice, Poland;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Nikola Zmarzły
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (N.Z.); (D.B.); (B.O.G.)
| | - Dariusz Boroń
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (N.Z.); (D.B.); (B.O.G.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, 31-826 Kraków, Poland;
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, TOMMED Specjalisci od Zdrowia, Fredry 22, 40-662 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Oplawski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, 31-826 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Beniamin Oskar Grabarek
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (N.Z.); (D.B.); (B.O.G.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, 31-826 Kraków, Poland;
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, TOMMED Specjalisci od Zdrowia, Fredry 22, 40-662 Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kui L, Kong Q, Yang X, Pan Y, Xu Z, Wang S, Chen J, Wei K, Zhou X, Yang X, Wu T, Mastan A, Liu Y, Miao J. High-Throughput In Vitro Gene Expression Profile to Screen of Natural Herbals for Breast Cancer Treatment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:684351. [PMID: 34490085 PMCID: PMC8418118 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.684351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Some therapeutic drugs and approaches could cause side effects and weaken the immune system. The combination of conventional therapies and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) significantly improves treatment efficacy in breast cancer. However, the chemical composition and underlying anti-tumor mechanisms of TCM still need to be investigated. The primary aim of this study is to provide unique insights to screen the natural components for breast cancer therapy using high-throughput transcriptome analysis. Differentially expressed genes were identified based on two conditions: single samples and groups were classified according to their pharmaceutical effect. Subsequently, the sample treated with E. cochinchinensis Lour. generated the most significant DEGs set, including 1,459 DEGs, 805 upregulated and 654 downregulated. Similarly, group 3 treatment contained the most DEGs (414 DEGs, 311 upregulated and 103 downregulated). KEGG pathway analyses showed five significant pathways associated with the inflammatory and metastasis processes in cancer, which include the TNF, IL−17, NF-kappa B, MAPK signaling pathways, and transcriptional misregulation in cancer. Samples were classified into 13 groups based on their pharmaceutical effects. The results of the KEGG pathway analyses remained consistent with signal samples; group 3 presents a high significance. A total of 21 genes were significantly regulated in these five pathways, interestingly, IL6, TNFAIP3, and BRIC3 were enriched on at least two pathways, seven genes (FOSL1, S100A9, CXCL12, ID2, PRS6KA3, AREG, and DUSP6) have been reported as the target biomarkers and even the diagnostic tools in cancer therapy. In addition, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify 18 modules. Among them, blue and thistle2 were the most relevant modules. A total of 26 hub genes in blue and thistle2 modules were identified as the hub genes. In conclusion, we screened out three new TCM (R. communis L., E. cochinchinensis Lour., and B. fruticosa) that have the potential to develop natural drugs for breast cancer therapy, and obtained the therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Kui
- Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qinghua Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Medicinal Botanical Garden, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Yunbing Pan
- Nowbio Biotechnology Company, Kunming, China
| | - Zetan Xu
- Nowbio Biotechnology Company, Kunming, China
| | | | - Jian Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kunhua Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Medicinal Botanical Garden, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Medicinal Botanical Garden, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Xingzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Tingqin Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anthati Mastan
- Research Center, Microbial Technology Laboratory, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Bangalore, India
| | - Yao Liu
- Baoji High-tech Hospital , Baoji, China
| | - Jianhua Miao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Medicinal Botanical Garden, Nanning, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Broholm M, Degett TH, Furbo S, Fiehn AMK, Bulut M, Litman T, Eriksen JO, Troelsen JT, Gjerdrum LMR, Gögenur I. Colonic Stent as Bridge to Surgery for Malignant Obstruction Induces Gene Expressional Changes Associated with a More Aggressive Tumor Phenotype. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:8519-8531. [PMID: 34467497 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colonic stent is recommended as a bridge to elective surgery for malignant obstruction to improve short-term clinical outcomes for patients with colorectal cancer. However, since the oncological outcomes remain controversial, this study aimed to investigate the impact of self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) on the tumor microenvironment. METHODS Patients treated with colonic stent as a bridge to surgery from 2010 to 2015 were identified from hospital records. Tumor biopsies and resected tumor samples of the eligible patients were retrieved retrospectively. Gene expression analysis was performed using the NanoString nCounter PanCancer IO 360 gene expression panel. RESULTS Of the 164 patients identified, this study included 21 who underwent colonic stent placement as a bridge to elective surgery. Gene expression analysis revealed 82 differentially expressed genes between pre- and post-intervention specimens, of which 72 were upregulated and 10 downregulated. Among the significantly upregulated genes, 46 are known to have protumor functions, of which 26 are specifically known to induce tumorigenic mechanisms such as proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and inflammation. In addition, ten differentially expressed genes were identified that are known to promote antitumor functions. CONCLUSION SEMS induces gene expressional changes in the tumor microenvironment that are associated with tumor progression in colorectal cancer and may potentiate a more aggressive phenotype. Future studies are warranted to establish optimal timing of surgery after SEMS insertion in patients with obstructive colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malene Broholm
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark. .,Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Thea Helene Degett
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Sara Furbo
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Kanstrup Fiehn
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mustafa Bulut
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Litman
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Ole Eriksen
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Jesper T Troelsen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lise Mette Rahbek Gjerdrum
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ismail Gögenur
- Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jing F, Wang J, Zhou L, Ning Y, Xu S, Zhu Y. Bioinformatics analysis of the role of CXC ligands in the microenvironment of head and neck tumor. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:17789-17817. [PMID: 34247149 PMCID: PMC8312447 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines play a significant role in cancer. CXC-motif chemokine ligands (CXCLs) are associated with the tumorigenesis and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC); however, their specific functions in the tumor microenvironment remain unclear. Here, we analyzed the molecular networks and transcriptional data of HNSC patients from the Oncomine, GEPIA, String, cBioPortal, Metascape, TISCH, and TIMER databases. To verify immune functions of CXCLs, their expression was analyzed in different immune cell types. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the correlation between CXCL9-12 and 14 expression and advanced tumor stage. CXCL2, 3, 8, 10, 13, and 16 were remarkably related to tumor immunity. Kaplan-Meier and TIMER survival analyses revealed that high expression of CXCL1, 2, 4, and 6-8 is correlated with low survival in HNSC patients, whereas high expression of CXCL9, 10, 13, 14, and 17 predicts high survival. Only CXCL13 and 14 were associated with overall survival in human papilloma virus (HPV)-negative patients. Single-cell datasets confirmed that CXCLs are associated with HNSC-related immune cells. Thus, CXCL1-6, 8-10, 12-14, and 17 could be prognostic targets for HNSC, and CXCL13 and 14 could be novel biomarkers of HPV-negative HNSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyang Jing
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Stomatologic Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jianxiong Wang
- Chief Physician, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Liming Zhou
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Stomatologic Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yujie Ning
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Stomatologic Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shengqian Xu
- Chief Physician, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Youming Zhu
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Stomatologic Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Khare T, Bissonnette M, Khare S. CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 Axis in Colorectal Cancer: Therapeutic Target in Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147371. [PMID: 34298991 PMCID: PMC8305488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that promote cancer growth, metastasis, and regulate resistance to chemotherapy. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) also known as C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12), a prognostic factor, is an extracellular homeostatic chemokine that is the natural ligand for chemokine receptors C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), also known as fusin or cluster of differentiation 184 (CD184) and chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7). CXCR4 is the most widely expressed rhodopsin-like G protein coupled chemokine receptor (GPCR). The CXCL12–CXCR4 axis is involved in tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). CXCR7, recently termed as atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3), is amongst the G protein coupled cell surface receptor family that is also commonly expressed in a large variety of cancer cells. CXCR7, like CXCR4, regulates immunity, angiogenesis, stem cell trafficking, cell growth and organ-specific metastases. CXCR4 and CXCR7 are expressed individually or together, depending on the tumor type. When expressed together, CXCR4 and CXCR7 can form homo- or hetero-dimers. Homo- and hetero-dimerization of CXCL12 and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 alter their signaling activity. Only few drugs have been approved for clinical use targeting CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 axis. Several CXCR4 inhibitors are in clinical trials for solid tumor treatment with limited success whereas CXCR7-specific inhibitors are still in preclinical studies for CRC. This review focuses on current knowledge of chemokine CXCL12 and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7, with emphasis on targeting the CXCL12–CXCR4/CXCR7 axis as a treatment strategy for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Khare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Sharad Khare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-573-884-8904; Fax: +1-573-885-4595
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Diehl TM, Abbott DE. Molecular Determinants and Other Factors to Guide Selection of Patients for Hepatic Resection of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2021; 22:82. [PMID: 34224023 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-021-00878-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) has changed significantly over the last few decades as cytotoxic and targeted chemotherapies have evolved and resection of (technically feasible) colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) has become standard of care for eligible patients. Overall, survival for metastatic CRC has considerably improved, but recurrences are common. Numerous clinical risk scores have been suggested to guide patient selection for CRLM resection, but none perfectly predict outcomes; therefore, a personalized approach to metastatic CRC treatment using genetic profiles for risk stratification and prognostication is a critically important advancement. All patients with suspected metastatic CRC should undergo genetic testing for common oncogene mutations (e.g., KRAS, BRAF, and NRAS) in addition to a triphasic CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis; if hepatectomy may be entertained and there is concern about the future liver remnant (FLR), liver volumetrics should also be performed. MRI and PET are useful adjuncts for cases in which diagnosis or extent of disease is unclear. The decision to operate should be individualized and based on each patient's condition, tumor biology, and technical resectability. Genetic profiles should be used to inform multidisciplinary meetings surrounding topics of chemotherapy and surgical resection, as well as patient discussions concerning the risks and benefits of surgery. In the end, most patients with technically resectable colorectal cancers and adequate cardiopulmonary fitness benefit from surgical resection, as it remains the only chance of long-term survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Diehl
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Daniel E Abbott
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Expression and prognostic value of CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Clin Exp Nephrol 2021; 25:1057-1069. [PMID: 34109508 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-021-02081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CXCL12 or stromal-derived factor-1 is a chemokine that binds to two receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 and takes part in both physiological and pathological cell functions. The disruption of the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 chemokine axis is seen in various types of cancers. METHODS We have immunohistochemically analyzed the expression of CXCL12 and its receptors in clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients. The study included 85 tissue samples. Since samples exhibited heterogeneity of expression intensity and staining localization (cytoplasmatic and membranous), histoscores were calculated, and their associations with clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. RESULTS Both cytoplasmatic CXCR7 and CXCL12 histoscores were associated with greater tumour size, while CXCL12 staining was associated with a higher grade as well. Mortality was associated with tumour size and both membranous and cytoplasmatic CXCL12 histoscores. With each centimetre in tumour size, survival decreases 1.3 times, while CXCL12C histoscore higher than 73 was associated with 2.3 greater risk of mortality. CXCR4 histoscore could only be predicted by female gender and neither cytoplasmatic nor membranous CXCR4 expression was found to be a mortality predictor. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that regarding overall survival, CXCL12 could be considered a valuable prognostic marker.
Collapse
|
32
|
Zarychta E, Ruszkowska-Ciastek B, Bielawski K, Rhone P. Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1α (SDF-1α) in Invasive Breast Cancer: Associations with Vasculo-Angiogenic Factors and Prognostic Significance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1952. [PMID: 33919589 PMCID: PMC8072989 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Tumour angiogenesis is critical for the progression of neoplasms. A prospective study was designed to examine the utility of stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) and selected vasculo-angiogenic parameters for estimating the probability of disease relapse in 84 primary, operable invasive breast cancer (IBrC) patients (40 (48%) with stage IA and 44 (52%) with stage IIA and IIB). (2) Methods: We explored the prognostic value of the plasma levels of SDF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), the soluble forms of VEGF receptors type 1 and 2, and the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (circulating EPCs) in breast cancer patients. The median follow-up duration was 58 months, with complete follow-up for the first event. (3) Results: According to ROC curve analysis, the optimal cut-off point for SDF-1α (for discriminating between patients at high and low risk of relapse) was 42 pg/mL, providing 57% sensitivity and 75% specificity. Kaplan-Meier curves for disease-free survival (DFS) showed that concentrations of SDF-1α lower than 42 pg/dL together with a VEGFR1 lower than 29.86 pg/mL were significantly associated with shorter DFS in IBrC patients (p = 0.0381). Patients with both SDF-1α lower than 42 pg/dL and a number of circulating EPCs lower than 9.68 cells/µL had significantly shorter DFS (p = 0.0138). (4) Conclusions: Our results imply the clinical usefulness of SDF-1α, sVEGFR1 and the number of circulating EPCs as prognostic markers for breast cancer in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Zarychta
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.R.-C.); (K.B.)
| | - Barbara Ruszkowska-Ciastek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.R.-C.); (K.B.)
| | - Kornel Bielawski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.R.-C.); (K.B.)
| | - Piotr Rhone
- Clinical Ward of Breast Cancer and Reconstructive Surgery, Oncology Centre Prof. F. Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Identification of a 5-Gene-Based Scoring System by WGCNA and LASSO to Predict Prognosis for Rectal Cancer Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2021:6697407. [PMID: 33833937 PMCID: PMC8012151 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6697407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Although accumulating evidence suggested that a molecular signature panel may be more effective for the prognosis prediction than routine clinical characteristics, current studies mainly focused on colorectal or colon cancers. No reports specifically focused on the signature panel for rectal cancers (RC). Our present study was aimed at developing a novel prognostic signature panel for RC. Methods Sequencing (or microarray) data and clinicopathological details of patients with RC were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-READ) or the Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE123390, GSE56699) database. A weighted gene coexpression network was used to identify RC-related modules. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis was performed to screen the prognostic signature panel. The prognostic performance of the risk score was evaluated by survival curve analyses. Functions of prognostic genes were predicted based on the interaction proteins and the correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells. The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) tool was utilized to validate the protein expression levels. Results A total of 247 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were commonly identified using TCGA and GSE123390 datasets. Brown and yellow modules (including 77 DEGs) were identified to be preserved for RC. Five DEGs (ASB2, GPR15, PRPH, RNASE7, and TCL1A) in these two modules constituted the optimal prognosis signature panel. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that patients in the high-risk group had a poorer prognosis than those in the low-risk group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that this risk score had high predictive accuracy for unfavorable prognosis, with the area under the ROC curve of 0.915 and 0.827 for TCGA and GSE56699 datasets, respectively. This five-mRNA classifier was an independent prognostic factor. Its predictive accuracy was also higher than all clinical factor models. A prognostic nomogram was developed by integrating the risk score and clinical factors, which showed the highest prognostic power. ASB2, PRPH, and GPR15/TCL1A were predicted to function by interacting with CASQ2/PDK4/EPHA67, PTN, and CXCL12, respectively. TCL1A and GPR15 influenced the infiltration levels of B cells and dendritic cells, while the expression of PRPH was positively associated with the abundance of macrophages. HPA analysis supported the downregulation of PRPH, RNASE7, CASQ2, EPHA6, and PDK4 in RC compared with normal controls. Conclusion Our immune-related signature panel may be a promising prognostic indicator for RC.
Collapse
|
34
|
Chen QL, Yan Q, Feng KL, Xie CF, Fang CK, Wang JN, Liu LH, Li Y, Zhong C. Using Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis to Identify Abnormally Methylated Differentially Expressed Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:805-823. [PMID: 33732011 PMCID: PMC7956867 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s294505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective For the identification of abnormally methylated differentially expressed genes (MDEGs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), this study integrated four microarray datasets to investigate the fundamental mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Methods We obtained the expression (GSE76427, GSE57957) and methylation (GSE89852, GSE54503) profiles from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The abnormally MDEGs were identified by using R software. We used the clusterProfiler package for the functional and pathway enrichment analysis. The String database was used to build the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and visualize it in Cytoscape. MCODE was employed in the module analysis. Additionally, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were employed to validate results. Lastly, we used cBioPortal software to examine the hub genetic alterations. Results We identified 162 hypermethylated, down-regulated genes and 190 hypomethylated, up-regulated genes. Up-regulated genes with low methylation were enriched in biological processes, such as keratinocyte proliferation, and calcium homeostasis. Pathway analysis was enriched in the AMPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. The PPI network identified PTK2, VWF, and ITGA2 as hypomethylated, high-expressing hub genes. Down-regulated genes with high methylation were related to responses to peptide hormones and estradiol, multi-multicellular organism process. Pathway analysis indicated enrichment in camp, oxytocin signaling pathways. The PPI network identified CFTR, ESR1, and CXCL12 as hypermethylated, low-expressing hub genes. Upon verification in TCGA databases, we found that the expression and methylation statuses of the hub genes changed significantly, and it was consistent with our results. Conclusion The novel abnormally MDEGs and pathways in HCC were identified. These results helped us further understand the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC invasion, metastasis, and development. Hub genes can serve as biomarkers for an accurate diagnosis and treatment of HCC, and PTK2, VWF, ITGA2, CFTR, ESR1, and CXCL12 are included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Lian Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun-Liang Feng
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Feng Xie
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Kai Fang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Nan Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Li
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dimachkie MD, Bechtel MD, Robertson HL, Michel C, Lee EK, Sullivan DK, Chalise P, Thrasher JB, Parker WP, Godwin AK, Pathak HB, DiGiovanni J, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Hamilton-Reeves JM. Exploration of biomarkers from a pilot weight management study for men undergoing radical prostatectomy. Urol Oncol 2021; 39:495.e7-495.e15. [PMID: 33563536 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several biologic mechanisms, including inflammation and immune changes, have been proposed to explain the role of obesity in prostate cancer (CaP) progression. Compared to men of a healthy weight, overweight and obese men are more likely to have CaP recurrence post-prostatectomy. Obesity is related to inflammation and immune dysregulation; thus, weight loss may be an avenue to reduce inflammation and reverse these immune processes. OBJECTIVES This study explores the reversibility of the biological mechanisms through intentional weight loss using a comprehensive weight management program in men undergoing prostatectomy. Outcomes include blood and tissue biomarkers, microtumor environment gene expression, inflammation markers and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores. METHODS Twenty overweight men undergoing prostatectomy participated in this study. Fifteen men chose the intervention and 5 men chose the nonintervention group. The intervention consisted of a comprehensive weight loss program prior to prostatectomy and a weight maintenance program following surgery. Prostate tissue samples were obtained from diagnostic biopsies before the intervention and prostatectomy samples after weight loss. Blood samples and diet records were collected at baseline, pre-surgery after weight loss and at study end after weight maintenance. Immunohistochemistry and NanoString analysis were used to analyze the tissue samples. Flow cytometry was used to assess circulating immune markers. Inflammation markers were measured using Luminex panels. RESULTS The intervention group lost >5% body weight prior to surgery. DII scores improved during the weight loss intervention from baseline to pre-surgery (P = 0.002); and between group differences were significant (P = 0.02). DII scores were not associated with IL-6 nor hsCRP. In the intervention, CXCL12, CXCR7, and CXCR4 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand/receptor) and Ki67 expression decreased in the prostate tissue from biopsy to surgery (P = 0.06), yet plasma CXCL12 increased during the same timeframe (P = 0.009). The downregulation of several genes (FDR<0.001) was observed in the intervention compared to the non-intervention. Changes in immune cells were not significant in either group. CONCLUSION This feasibility study demonstrates that in overweight men with localized CaP, weight loss alters blood, and tissue biomarkers, as well as tumor gene expression. More research is needed to determine the biological and clinical significance of these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Misty D Bechtel
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Hilary L Robertson
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Carrie Michel
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Eugene K Lee
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Debra K Sullivan
- Department of Dietetics & Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Prabhakar Chalise
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | | | - William P Parker
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Harsh B Pathak
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC
| | - Jill M Hamilton-Reeves
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Department of Dietetics & Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gong W, Martin TA, Sanders AJ, Jiang A, Sun P, Jiang WG. Location, function and role of stromal cell‑derived factors and possible implications in cancer (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:435-443. [PMID: 33416125 PMCID: PMC7797432 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in therapy and management, cancer represents and remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although genetics serve an important role in tumorigenesis and tumour progression, the tumour microenvironment (TME) in solid tumours is also important and has been indicated to contribute to these processes. Stromal cell‑derived factors (SDFs) represent an important family within the TME. The family includes SDF‑1, SDF‑2, SDF2‑like 1 (SDF2L1), SDF‑3, SDF‑4 and SDF‑5. SDF‑1 has been demonstrated to act as a positive regulator in a number of types of tumour, such as oesophago‑gastric, pancreatic, lung, breast, colorectal and ovarian cancer, while the biology and functions of other members of the SDF family, including SDF‑2, SDF2L1, SDF‑4 and SDF‑5, in cancer are different, complex and controversial, and remain mainly unknown. Full identification and understanding of the SDFs across multiple types of cancer is required to elucidate their function and establish potential key targets in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Gong
- Department of Oncology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Medical College, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China,Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Tracey A. Martin
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Andrew J. Sanders
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Aihua Jiang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Medical College, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Oncology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Medical College, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Wen G. Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK,Correspondence to: Professor Wen G. Jiang, Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
White CW, Kilpatrick LE, Pfleger KDG, Hill SJ. A nanoluciferase biosensor to investigate endogenous chemokine secretion and receptor binding. iScience 2021; 24:102011. [PMID: 33490919 PMCID: PMC7809502 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted chemokines are critical mediators of cellular communication that elicit intracellular signaling by binding membrane-bound receptors. Here we demonstrate the development and use of a sensitive real-time approach to quantify secretion and receptor binding of native chemokines in live cells to better understand their molecular interactions and function. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing was used to tag the chemokine CXCL12 with the nanoluciferase fragment HiBiT. CXCL12 secretion was subsequently monitored and quantified by luminescence output. Binding of tagged CXCL12 to either chemokine receptors or membrane glycosaminoglycans could be monitored due to the steric constraints of nanoluciferase complementation. Furthermore, binding of native CXCL12-HiBiT to AlexaFluor488-tagged CXCR4 chemokine receptors could also be distinguished from glycosaminoglycan binding and pharmacologically analyzed using BRET. These live cell approaches combine the sensitivity of nanoluciferase with CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to detect, quantify, and monitor binding of low levels of native secreted proteins in real time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl W White
- Cell Signalling and Pharmacology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
| | - Laura E Kilpatrick
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK.,School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Kevin D G Pfleger
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia.,Dimerix Limited, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Cell Signalling and Pharmacology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lalos A, Tülek A, Tosti N, Mechera R, Wilhelm A, Soysal S, Daester S, Kancherla V, Weixler B, Spagnoli GC, Eppenberger-Castori S, Terracciano L, Piscuoglio S, von Flüe M, Posabella A, Droeser RA. Prognostic significance of CD8+ T-cells density in stage III colorectal cancer depends on SDF-1 expression. Sci Rep 2021; 11:775. [PMID: 33436863 PMCID: PMC7803998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most common malignancies, a tremendous amount of studies keep taking place in this field. Over the past 25 years, a notable part of the scientific community has focused on the association between the immune system and colorectal cancer. A variety of studies have shown that high densities of infiltrating CD8+ T-cells are associated with improved disease-free and overall survival in CRC. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is a protein that regulates leukocyte trafficking and is variably expressed in several healthy and malignant tissues. There is strong evidence that SDF-1 has a negative prognostic impact on a variety of solid tumors. However, the existing data do not provide sufficient evidence that the expression of SDF-1 has an influence on CRC. Knowing nowadays, that the microenvironment plays a crucial role in the development of cancer, we hypothesized that the expression of SDF-1 in CRC could influence the prognostic significance of CD8+ T-cells, as an indicator of the essential role of the immune microenvironment in cancer development. Therefore, we explored the combined prognostic significance of CD8+ T-cell density and SDF-1 expression in a large CRC collective. We analyzed a tissue microarray of 613 patient specimens of primary CRCs by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the CD8 + T-cells density and the expression of SDF-1 by tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Besides, we analyzed the expression of SDF-1 at the RNA level in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. We found that the combined high CD8+ T-cell infiltration and expression of SDF-1 shows a favorable 5-year overall survival rate (66%; 95% CI 48-79%) compared to tumors showing a high expression of CD8+ T-cell only (55%; 95% CI 45-64%; p = 0.0004). After stratifying the patients in nodal negative and positive groups, we found that the prognostic significance of CD8+ T-cell density in nodal positive colorectal cancer depends on SDF-1 expression. Univariate and multivariate Hazard Cox regression survival analysis considering the combination of both markers revealed that the combined high expression of SDF-1 and CD8+ T-cell density was an independent, favorable, prognostic marker for overall survival (HR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.17-0.66; p = 0.002 and HR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.23-0.89; p = 0.021, respectively). In our cohort there was a very weak correlation between SDF-1 and CD8+ T-cells (rs = 0.13, p = 0.002) and in the trascriptomic expression of these two immune markers display a weak correlation (rs = 0.28, p < 0.001) which was significantly more pronounced in stage III cancers (rs = 0.40, p < 0.001). The combination of high CD8+ T-cell density and expression of SDF-1 represents an independent, favorable, prognostic condition in CRC, mostly in patients with stage III disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Lalos
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Clarunis, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ali Tülek
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Clarunis, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Tosti
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Mechera
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Clarunis, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Wilhelm
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Clarunis, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Savas Soysal
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Clarunis, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Daester
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Clarunis, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Venkatesh Kancherla
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Weixler
- Department of Surgery, Charité University Hospital, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giulio C Spagnoli
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Luigi Terracciano
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Visceral Surgery Research Laboratory, Clarunis, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus von Flüe
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Clarunis, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Visceral Surgery Research Laboratory, Clarunis, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Posabella
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Clarunis, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raoul A Droeser
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Clarunis, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Portella L, Bello AM, Scala S. CXCL12 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1302:51-70. [PMID: 34286441 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-62658-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is the local environment of tumor, composed of tumor cells and blood vessels, extracellular matrix (ECM), immune cells, and metabolic and signaling molecules. Chemokines and their receptors play a fundamental role in the crosstalk between tumor cells and TME, regulating tumor-related angiogenesis, specific leukocyte infiltration, and activation of the immune response and directly influencing tumor cell growth, invasion, and cancer progression. The chemokine CXCL12 is a homeostatic chemokine that regulates physiological and pathological process such as inflammation, cell proliferation, and specific migration. CXCL12 activates CXCR4 and CXCR7 chemokine receptors, and the entire axis has been shown to be dysregulated in more than 20 different tumors. CXCL12 binding to CXCR4 triggers multiple signal transduction pathways that regulate intracellular calcium flux, chemotaxis, transcription, and cell survival. CXCR7 binds with high-affinity CXCL12 and with lower-affinity CXCL11, which binds also CXCR3. Although CXCR7 acts as a CXCL12 scavenger through ligand internalization and degradation, it transduces the signal mainly through β-arrestin with a pivotal role in endothelial and neural cells. Recent studies demonstrate that TME rich in CXCL12 leads to resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) therapy and that CXCL12 axis inhibitors sensitize resistant tumors to ICI effect. Thus targeting the CXCL12-mediated axis may control tumor and tumor microenvironment exerting an antitumor dual action. Herein CXCL12 physiology, role in cancer biology and in composite TME, prognostic role, and the relative inhibitors are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Portella
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Bello
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Scala
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Giannetta E, La Salvia A, Rizza L, Muscogiuri G, Campione S, Pozza C, Colao AALI, Faggiano A. Are Markers of Systemic Inflammatory Response Useful in the Management of Patients With Neuroendocrine Neoplasms? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:672499. [PMID: 34367064 PMCID: PMC8339959 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.672499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the increasing incidence of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) over the past few decades, a more comprehensive knowledge of their pathophysiological bases and the identification of innovative NEN biomarkers represents an urgent unmet need. There is still little advance in the early diagnosis and management of these tumors, due to the lack of sensible and specific markers with prognostic value and ability to early detect the response to treatment. Chronic systemic inflammation is a predisposing factor for multiple cancer hallmarks, as cancer proliferation, progression and immune-evading. Therefore, the relevance of inflammatory biomarkers has been identified as critical in several types of tumours, including NENs. A bidirectional relationship between chronic inflammation and development of NENs has been reported. Neuroendocrine cells can be over-stimulated by chronic inflammation, leading to hyperplasia and neoplastic transformation. As the modulation of inflammatory response represents a therapeutic target, inflammatory markers could represent a promising new key tool to be applied in the diagnosis, the prediction of response to treatment and also as prognostic biomarkers in NENs field. The present review provides an overview of the pre-clinical and clinical data relating the potentially usefulness of circulating inflammatory markers: neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), cytokines and tissue inflammatory markers (PD-1/PD-L1), in the management of NENs. (1) NLR and PLR have both demonstrated to be promising and simple to acquire biomarkers in patients with advanced cancer, including NEN. To date, in the context of NENs, the prognostic role of NLR and PLR has been confirmed in 15 and 4 studies, respectively. However, the threshold value, both for NLR and PLR, still remains not defined. (2) Cytokines seem to play a central role in NENs tumorigenesis. In particular, IL-8 levels seems to be a good predictive marker of response to anti-angiogenic treatments. (3) PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on tumour cells and on TILs, have demonstrated to be promising predictive and prognostic biomarkers in NENs. Unfortunately, these two markers have not been validated so far and further studies are needed to establish their indications and utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Giannetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elisa Giannetta,
| | - Anna La Salvia
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Rizza
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Oncology and Medical Specialities, AO San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Endocrinology Unit Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Severo Campione
- A. Cardarelli Hospital, Naples Department of Advanced Diagnostic-Therapeutic Technologies and Health Services Section of Anatomic Pathology, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlotta Pozza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antongiulio Faggiano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Endocrine-Metabolic Unit, Sant’Andrea University Hospital “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wu B, Wang J, Wang X, Zhu M, Chen F, Shen Y, Zhong Z. CXCL5 expression in tumor tissues is associated with poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:257. [PMID: 32994820 PMCID: PMC7509746 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy based on the tumor microenvironment is a feasible method for treating cancer; therefore, it is necessary to investigate the immune microenvironment of pancreatic cancer and the influencing factors of the immune microenvironment. Chemokines are an important factor affecting the tumor immune microenvironment. In the present study, chemokines or chemokine receptors were screened to identify those differentially expressed in pancreatic cancer compared with normal controls and associated with patient prognosis. Chemokines or chemokine receptors that are differentially expressed in pancreatic cancer tumor tissues were initially screened using the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Next, survival analysis was performed using GEPIA, a website based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Immunohistochemical staining of CXCL5 was performed in tissue microarrays (TMAs) containing 119 cases of pancreatic cancer. Histochemistry score (H-SCORE) was used to evaluate the expression of CXCL5. Next, association analysis of the H-SCORE of CXCL5 and the clinical characteristics of patients was performed, as well as Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox multivariate regression analyses. The results of the bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that CXCL5 was highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues. High expression of CXCL5 in pancreatic cancer tissues was associated with a poor prognosis in patients in TCGA cohort. The expression level of CXCL5 in tumor tissues was significantly higher compared with that in adjacent peritumoral normal tissues in the immunohistochemical analysis. There was no significant association between CXCL5 expression in pancreatic cancer tumor tissues and clinicopathological factors. Patients with pancreatic cancer with high CXCL5 expression had a poor prognosis, as determined by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis based on the TMA dataset. The results of Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that CXCL5 was an independent factor for a poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed that the chemokine CXCL5 was highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues; high CXCL5 expression was associated with a poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Mingyuan Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Yiyu Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengxiang Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang Y, Zhong X, Zhou L, Lu J, Jiang B, Liu C, Guo J. Prognostic Biomarkers for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: An Umbrella Review. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1466. [PMID: 33042793 PMCID: PMC7527774 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) leads to the majority of cancer-related deaths due to its morbidity with similar mortality. Lack of effective prognostic biomarkers are the main reason for belated post-operative intervention of recurrence which causes high mortality. Numerous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have explored the prognostic value of biomarkers in PDAC so far. In this article, we performed an umbrella review analyzing these studies to provide an overview of associations between prognostic biomarkers and PDAC survival outcome and synthesized these results to guide better clinical practice. Methods: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses investigating the associations between PDAC survival outcomes and prognostic biomarkers were acquired via the PubMed and Embase databases from inception till February 1, 2020. Associations supported by nominally statistically significant results were classified into strong, highly suggestive, suggestive, and weak based on several critical factors such as the statistical significance of summary estimates, the number of events, the estimate of the largest study included, interstudy heterogeneity, small-study effects, 95% predictive interval (PI), excess significance bias, and the results of credibility ceiling sensitivity analyses. Results: We included 41 meta-analyses containing 63 associations between PDAC survival outcomes and prognostic biomarkers. Although, none was supported by strong evidence among these associations, an association between C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) and PDAC overall survival (OS) and an association between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and PDAC OS were supported by highly suggestive evidence. Otherwise, the association between lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and PDAC OS was supported by suggestive evidence. The remaining 60 associations were supported by weak or not suggestive evidence. Conclusion: Associations between CAR or NLR and PDAC OS were supported by highly suggestive evidence. And the association between LDH and PDAC OS was supported by suggestive evidence. Although the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews and meta-analyses which were evaluated by AMSTAR2.0 is generally poor, the identification of the relatively robust prognostic biomarkers of PDAC may guide better post-operative intervention and follow-up to prolong patients' survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bolun Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chengxi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junchao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ma Y, Xia Z, Ye C, Lu C, Zhou S, Pan J, Liu C, Zhang J, Liu T, Hu T, Xie L, Wu G, Zhao Y. AGTR1 promotes lymph node metastasis in breast cancer by upregulating CXCR4/SDF-1α and inducing cell migration and invasion. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:3969-3992. [PMID: 31219799 PMCID: PMC6628987 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The angiotensin II type I receptor (AGTR1) has a strong influence on tumor growth, angiogenesis, inflammation and immunity. However, the role of AGTR1 on lymph node metastasis (LNM) in breast cancer, which correlates with tumor progression and patient survival, has not been examined. AGTR1 was highly expressed in lymph node-positive tumor tissues, which was confirmed by the Oncomine database. Next, inhibition of AGTR1 reduced tumor growth and LNM in orthotopic xenografts by bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Losartan, an AGTR1-specific inhibitor, decreased the chemokine pair CXCR4/SDF-1α levels in vivo and inhibited AGTR1-induced cell migration and invasion in vitro. Finally, the molecular mechanism of AGTR1-induced cell migration and LNM was assessed by knocking down AGTR1 in normal cells or CXCR4 in AGTR1high cells. AGTR1-silenced cells treated with losartan showed lower CXCR4 expression. AGTR1 overexpression caused the upregulation of FAK/RhoA signaling molecules, while knocking down CXCR4 in AGTR1high cells downregulated these molecules. Collectively, AGTR1 promotes LNM by increasing the chemokine pair CXCR4/SDF-1α and tumor cell migration and invasion. The potential mechanism of AGTR1-mediated cell movement relies on activating the FAK/RhoA pathway. Our study indicated that inhibiting AGTR1 may be a potential therapeutic target for LNM in early-stage breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Ma
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zihan Xia
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chunmei Ye
- Department of Breast Surgery, Wuhan Women and Children's Health Care Center, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chong Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Juan Pan
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Cuiwei Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jieying Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Linka Xie
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhu Y, Shi L, Chen P, Zhang Y, Zhu T. Identification of six candidate genes for endometrial carcinoma by bioinformatics analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:161. [PMID: 32641130 PMCID: PMC7346467 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-01920-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynecological malignant tumors which poses a serious threat to women health. This study aimed to screen the candidate genes differentially expressed in EC by bioinformatics analysis. Methods GEO database and GEO2R online tool were applied to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of EC from the microarray datasets. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for the DEGs was constructed to further explore the relationships among these genes and identify hub DEGs. Gene ontology and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed to investigate the biological role of DEGs. Besides, correlation analysis, genetic alteration, expression profile, and survival analysis of these hub DEGs were also investigated to further explore the roles of these hub gene in mechanism of EC tumorigenesis. qRT-PCR analysis was also performed to verify the expression of identified hub DEGs. Results A total of 40 DEGs were screened out as the DEGs with 3 upregulated and 37 downregulated in EC. The gene ontology analysis showed that these genes were significantly enriched in cell adhesion, response to estradiol, and growth factor activity, etc. The KEGG pathway analysis showed that DEGs were enriched in focal adhesion, leukocyte transendothelial migration, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and ECM-receptor interaction pathway. More importantly, COL1A1, IGF1, COL5A1, CXCL12, PTEN, and SPP1 were identified as the hub genes of EC. The genetic alteration analysis showed that hub genes were mainly altered in mutation and deep deletion. Expression validation by bioinformatic analysis and qRT-PCR also proved the expression of these six hub genes were differentially expressed in EC. Additionally, significantly better overall survival and disease-free survival were observed with six hub genes altered, and survival outcome in high expression of COL1A1, IGF1, and PTEN patients was also significantly better than low expression patients. Conclusions COL1A1, IGF1, COL5A1, CXCL12, PTEN, and SPP1 involved in the pathogenesis of EC and might be candidate genes for diagnosis of EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhu
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingli Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Liang T, Tong W, Ma S, Chang P. Standard therapies: solutions for improving therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors on colorectal cancer. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1773205. [PMID: 32934878 PMCID: PMC7466849 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1773205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors has opened a new era for cancer management. In colorectal cancer, patients with a phenotype of deficient mismatch repair or high microsatellite instability benefit from immunotherapy. However, the response of rest cases to immunotherapy alone is still poor. Nevertheless, preclinical data have revealed that either ionizing irradiation or chemotherapy can improve the tumoral immune milieu, because these approaches can induce immunogenic cell death among cancer cells. In this regard, combination use of standard therapy plus immunotherapy should be feasible. In this review, we will introduce the specific roles of standard therapies, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, antiangiogenic and anti-EGFR therapy, in improving therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors on colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liang
- Oncology Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Tong
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Siyang Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Pengyu Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sugimura Y, Chekhoeva A, Oyama K, Nakanishi S, Toshmatova M, Miyahara S, Barth M, Assmann AK, Lichtenberg A, Assmann A, Akhyari P. Controlled autologous recellularization and inhibited degeneration of decellularized vascular implants by side-specific coating with stromal cell-derived factor 1α and fibronectin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 15:035013. [PMID: 31694001 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab54e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Optimized biocompatibility is crucial for the durability of cardiovascular implants. Previously, a combined coating with fibronectin (FN) and stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF1α) has been shown to accelerate the in vivo cellularization of synthetic vascular grafts and to reduce the calcification of biological pulmonary root grafts. In this study, we evaluate the effect of side-specific luminal SDF1α coating and adventitial FN coating on the in vivo cellularization and degeneration of decellularized rat aortic implants. Aortic arch vascular donor grafts were detergent-decellularized. The luminal graft surface was coated with SDF1α, while the adventitial surface was coated with FN. SDF1α-coated and uncoated grafts were infrarenally implanted (n = 20) in rats and followed up for up to eight weeks. Cellular intima population was accelerated by luminal SDF1α coating at two weeks (92.4 ± 2.95% versus 61.1 ± 6.51% in controls, p < 0.001). SDF1α coating inhibited neo-intimal hyperplasia, resulting in a significantly decreased intima-to-media ratio after eight weeks (0.62 ± 0.15 versus 1.35 ± 0.26 in controls, p < 0.05). Furthermore, at eight weeks, media calcification was significantly decreased in the SDF1α group as compared to the control group (area of calcification in proximal arch region 1092 ± 517 μm2 versus 11 814 ± 1883 μm2, p < 0.01). Luminal coating with SDF1α promotes early autologous intima recellularization in vivo and attenuates neo-intima hyperplasia as well as calcification of decellularized vascular grafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiharu Sugimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Novillo A, Gaibar M, Romero-Lorca A, Gilsanz MF, Beltrán L, Galán M, Antón B, Malón D, Moreno A, Fernández-Santander A. Efficacy of bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer and CXCL5 expression: Six case reports. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1979-1986. [PMID: 32390708 PMCID: PMC7201148 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i16.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drug bevacizumab (BVZ) plus chemotherapy significantly improves progression-free survival compared to chemotherapy (CT) alone. This benefit is not, however, observed in all patients. While increased chemokine CXCL5 gene expression promoting angiogenesis has been proposed as a prognostic mCRC biomarker, few studies have examined its relationship with drug efficacy. This study sought to analyze tumor CXCL5 gene expression in six patients with different efficacy of BVZ-containing CT in terms of the tumor response to treatment.
CASE SUMMARY We report six cases of stage IV KRAS-mutated mCRC. Patients were given first line treatment with BVZ-containing chemotherapy in University Hospital of Fuenlabrada. The six patients differed in terms of primary tumor location (right/left side), tumor burden (mostly hepatic and peritoneal disease) and clinical disease course. Before treatment onset, total RNA was isolated from paraffinated tumor biopsy specimens and CXCL5 gene expression quantified through conventional RT-qPCR procedures. Our main finding was that CXCL5 expression levels were several times higher in three patients with lower progression free survival (under 6 mo) from the start of treatment.
CONCLUSION A higher expression of CXCL5 was observed in the three patients showing worse tumor response to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apolonia Novillo
- Department of Pre-clinical Dentistry, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - María Gaibar
- Department of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - Alicia Romero-Lorca
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - María Fuencisla Gilsanz
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - Laura Beltrán
- Department of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - Miguel Galán
- Department of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - Beatriz Antón
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada, Madrid 28942, Spain
| | - Diego Malón
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada, Madrid 28942, Spain
| | - Amalia Moreno
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, University Hospital of Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada, Madrid 28942, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Santander
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
New Insights on the Emerging Genomic Landscape of CXCR4 in Cancer: A Lesson from WHIM. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020164. [PMID: 32260318 PMCID: PMC7349554 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the molecular alterations leading to disease initiation and progression is currently crucial to identify the most relevant targets for precision therapy in cancer patients. Cancers express a complex chemokine network influencing leucocyte infiltration and angiogenesis. Moreover, malignant cells also express a selective repertoire of chemokine receptors that sustain their growth and spread. At present, different cancer types have been shown to overexpress C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and to respond to its ligand C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12). The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis influences cancer biology, promoting survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis, and plays a pivotal role in directing migration of cancer cells to sites of metastases, making it a prognostic marker and a therapeutic target. More recently, mutations in the C-terminus of CXCR4 have been identified in the genomic landscape of patients affected by Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, a rare B cell neoplasm. These mutations closely resemble those occurring in Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Immunodeficiency, and Myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome, an immunodeficiency associated with CXCR4 aberrant expression and activity and with chemotherapy resistance in clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the relevance of CXCR4 mutations in cancer biology, focusing on its importance as predictors of clinical presentation and response to therapy.
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhang CY, Calvo EL, Yang CQ, Liu J, Sang XY, Lin SX. Transcriptome of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 plays both hormone-dependent and hormone-independent roles in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 195:105471. [PMID: 31513846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death for women in western countries. 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSDs) play important roles in the last step of sex-hormone activation and the first step of sex-hormone inactivation. 17β-HSD2 is responsible for oxidizing the sex hormones. We used microarray technology to analyze the effect of 17β-HSD2 on the MCF-7 cell transcript profile after knocking down 17β-HSD2. Five hundred forty-two genes were regulated 1.5-fold or higher after treatment with 17β-HSD2 siRNA. Knocking down 17β-HSD2 interrupted nucleosome assembly. Pathway-Act-Network analysis showed that the MAPK and apoptosis signaling pathways were most regulated. In the gene-gene interaction network analysis, UGT2B15, which is involved in hormone metabolism, was the most regulated core gene. FOS, GREB1, and CXCL12 were the most regulated genes, and CXCL12 was related to tumor migration. Following 17β-HSD2 knock-down, the cell viability decreased to 75.9%. The S-phase percentage decreased by 19.4%, the Q2-phase percentage in cell apoptosis testing increased by 1.5 times, and cell migration decreased to 66.0%. These results were consistent with our gene chip analysis and indicated that 17β-HSD2 plays both hormone-dependent and hormone-independent enzymatic roles. In-depth investigations of this enzyme on the genomic level will help clarify its related molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yan Zhang
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, PR China; Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre (CHUQ, CHUL) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Ezequiel-Luis Calvo
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre (CHUQ, CHUL) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Chang-Qing Yang
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ye Sang
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre (CHUQ, CHUL) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Sheng-Xiang Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre (CHUQ, CHUL) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fankhauser CD, Roth L, Grossmann NC, Kranzbühler B, Eberli D, Sulser T, Moch H, Bode PK, Beyer J, Hermanns T. CXCL12 expression is an adverse predictor for disease recurrence in patients with metastatic non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumors. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:802. [PMID: 31412792 PMCID: PMC6693197 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5961-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To validate the utility of the chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) as prognostic marker in patients with localized and metastatic germ cell tumors (GCT). Methods CXCL12 expression was analyzed on a tissue microarray consisting of 750 tissue cores of different histological tumor components, Germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) and adjacent normal tissue of 263 testicular cancer patients using a semi-quantitative score. The association between CXCL12 expression and recurrence-free survival (RFS) as well as overall survival (OS) was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves with log-rank tests. Results CXCL12 expression was absent in all seminomas but was found in 52 of 99 (52.5%) non-seminomas. Follow-up was available for 260 patients of which 36 (13.8%) recurred. In patients with stage 1 non-seminoma GCT, CXCL12 expression was not associated with higher risk of disease recurrence (p = 0.270). In contrast, post chemotherapy RFS of patients with metastatic non-seminoma and positive CXCL12 expression was significantly shorter compared to CXCL12 negative patients (p = 0.003). OS differences were not statistically different between patients with CXCL12 positive or negative tumors for either localized or metastatic disease. Conclusions CXCL12 is almost exclusively expressed in non-seminoma. Pure seminoma, GCNIS and adjacent normal testicular tissue are CXCL12 negative. Our analysis suggests that patients with metastatic disease and a CXCL12-positive non-seminoma are at higher risk for disease recurrence after first-line chemotherapy and might thus be candidates for more intensive treatment and/or closer follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Roth
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Benedikt Kranzbühler
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Eberli
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tullio Sulser
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter-Karl Bode
- Department of Pathology of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Beyer
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hermanns
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|