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Jeeyar V, Prasad Singh S, Dixit M. Functional relevance of MMP2 promoter variants in gallbladder cancer: A case-control study in an Eastern Indian Population. Gene 2024; 913:148372. [PMID: 38499214 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a prevalent and deadly form of bile duct cancer, associated with poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the genetic factors contributing to the high incidence of GBC in certain geographical regions, particularly in the Northern and Eastern parts of India. The present case-control study focused on MMP2, a gene involved in tumor progression and metastasis, as a potential candidate in GBC pathogenesis. We scanned MMP2 promoter for twelve SNPs using Sanger's sequencing and carried out a case-control study in 300 cases and 300 control samples. We found five rare variants (rs1961998763, rs1961996235, rs1391392808, rs1488656253, and rs17859816) and one nonpolymorphic SNP (rs17859817). Our results revealed a significant association between GBC and MMP2 promoter SNPs, rs243865 (Allelic-Padjusted = 0.0353) and g.55477735G > A (Allelic-Padjusted = 9.22E-05). Moreover, the haplotype "C-C-A-C-C" exhibited a significant association with GBC (P = 4.23E-05). Genotype-phenotype correlation for variant rs243865, in the GBC patient tissue samples, established that 'T' risk allele carriers had higher expression levels of MMP2. Additionally, luciferase reporter assay in HEK293T cells revealed the probable regulatory role of rs243865 variant allele 'T' in MMP2 expression. Our study uncovers the association of MMP2 promoter SNPs with GBC and their role in regulating its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Jeeyar
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Shivaram Prasad Singh
- Sriram Chandra Bhanja Medical College & Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Cuttack, Odisha 753007, India
| | - Manjusha Dixit
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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2
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Constantinou M, Nicholson J, Zhang X, Maniati E, Lucchini S, Rosser G, Vinel C, Wang J, Lim YM, Brandner S, Nelander S, Badodi S, Marino S. Lineage specification in glioblastoma is regulated by METTL7B. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114309. [PMID: 38848215 PMCID: PMC11220825 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumors in adults; they are highly aggressive and heterogeneous and show a high degree of plasticity. Here, we show that methyltransferase-like 7B (METTL7B) is an essential regulator of lineage specification in glioblastoma, with an impact on both tumor size and invasiveness. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of these tumors and of cerebral organoids derived from expanded potential stem cells overexpressing METTL7B reveal a regulatory role for the gene in the neural stem cell-to-astrocyte differentiation trajectory. Mechanistically, METTL7B downregulates the expression of key neuronal differentiation players, including SALL2, via post-translational modifications of histone marks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrianni Constantinou
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - James Nicholson
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Eleni Maniati
- Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6AS, UK
| | - Sara Lucchini
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Gabriel Rosser
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Claire Vinel
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Jun Wang
- Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6AS, UK
| | - Yau Mun Lim
- Division of Neuropathology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Sven Nelander
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Badodi
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Silvia Marino
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK.
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Jung J, Celiku O, Rubin BI, Gilbert MR. Cysteamine Suppresses Cancer Cell Invasion and Migration in Glioblastoma through Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2029. [PMID: 38893149 PMCID: PMC11171184 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) cells are highly invasive, infiltrating the surrounding normal brain tissue, thereby limiting the efficacy of surgical resection and focal radiotherapy. Cysteamine, a small aminothiol molecule that is orally bioavailable and approved for cystinosis, has potential as a cancer treatment by inhibiting tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Here we demonstrate that these potential therapeutic effects of cysteamine are likely due to the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in GBM. In vitro assays confirmed that micromolar concentrations of cysteamine were not cytotoxic, enabling the interrogation of the cellular effects without confounding tumor cell loss. Cysteamine's inhibition of MMP activity, especially the targeting of MMP2, MMP9, and MMP14, was observed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting the mechanism of action in suppressing invasion and cell migration is by inhibition of these MMPs. These findings suggest that achievable micromolar concentrations of cysteamine effectively inhibit cancer cell invasion and migration in GBM, supporting the potential for use as an adjunct cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyu Jung
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Orieta Celiku
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Benjamin I. Rubin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Suburban Hopkins-Hospital, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Mark R. Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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Szigeti K, Ihnatovych I, Notari E, Dorn RP, Maly I, He M, Birkaya B, Prasad S, Byrne RS, Indurthi DC, Nimmer E, Heo Y, Retfalvi K, Chaves L, Sule N, Hofmann WA, Auerbach A, Wilding G, Bae Y, Reynolds J. CHRFAM7A diversifies human immune adaption through Ca 2+ signalling and actin cytoskeleton reorganization. EBioMedicine 2024; 103:105093. [PMID: 38569318 PMCID: PMC10999709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human restricted genes contribute to human specific traits in the immune system. CHRFAM7A, a uniquely human fusion gene, is a negative regulator of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR), the highest Ca2+ conductor of the ACh receptors implicated in innate immunity. Understanding the mechanism of how CHRFAM7A affects the immune system remains unexplored. METHODS Two model systems are used, human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and human primary monocytes, to characterize α7 nAChR function, Ca2+ dynamics and decoders to elucidate the pathway from receptor to phenotype. FINDINGS CHRFAM7A/α7 nAChR is identified as a hypomorphic receptor with mitigated Ca2+ influx and prolonged channel closed state. This shifts the Ca2+ reservoir from the extracellular space to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leading to Ca2+ dynamic changes. Ca2+ decoder small GTPase Rac1 is then activated, reorganizing the actin cytoskeleton. Observed actin mediated phenotypes include cellular adhesion, motility, phagocytosis and tissue mechanosensation. INTERPRETATION CHRFAM7A introduces an additional, human specific, layer to Ca2+ regulation leading to an innate immune gain of function. Through the actin cytoskeleton it drives adaptation to the mechanical properties of the tissue environment leading to an ability to invade previously immune restricted niches. Human genetic diversity predicts profound translational significance as its understanding builds the foundation for successful treatments for infectious diseases, sepsis, and cancer metastasis. FUNDING This work is supported in part by the Community Foundation for Greater Buffalo (Kinga Szigeti) and in part by NIH grant R01HL163168 (Yongho Bae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Szigeti
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
| | - Ivanna Ihnatovych
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Emily Notari
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Ryu P Dorn
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Ivan Maly
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Muye He
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Barbara Birkaya
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Shreyas Prasad
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Robin Schwartz Byrne
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Dinesh C Indurthi
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Erik Nimmer
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Yuna Heo
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Kolos Retfalvi
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Lee Chaves
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Norbert Sule
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Wilma A Hofmann
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Anthony Auerbach
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Gregory Wilding
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Yongho Bae
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Jessica Reynolds
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
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Boltman T, Meyer M, Ekpo O. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches for Glioblastoma and Neuroblastoma Cancers Using Chlorotoxin Nanoparticles. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3388. [PMID: 37444498 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GB) and high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) are known to have poor therapeutic outcomes. As for most cancers, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the current mainstay treatments for GB and NB. However, the known limitations of systemic toxicity, drug resistance, poor targeted delivery, and inability to access the blood-brain barrier (BBB), make these treatments less satisfactory. Other treatment options have been investigated in many studies in the literature, especially nutraceutical and naturopathic products, most of which have also been reported to be poorly effective against these cancer types. This necessitates the development of treatment strategies with the potential to cross the BBB and specifically target cancer cells. Compounds that target the endopeptidase, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), have been reported to offer therapeutic insights for GB and NB since MMP-2 is known to be over-expressed in these cancers and plays significant roles in such physiological processes as angiogenesis, metastasis, and cellular invasion. Chlorotoxin (CTX) is a promising 36-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the deathstalker scorpion, Leiurus quinquestriatus, demonstrating high selectivity and binding affinity to a broad-spectrum of cancers, especially GB and NB through specific molecular targets, including MMP-2. The favorable characteristics of nanoparticles (NPs) such as their small sizes, large surface area for active targeting, BBB permeability, etc. make CTX-functionalized NPs (CTX-NPs) promising diagnostic and therapeutic applications for addressing the many challenges associated with these cancers. CTX-NPs may function by improving diffusion through the BBB, enabling increased localization of chemotherapeutic and genotherapeutic drugs to diseased cells specifically, enhancing imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), optical imaging techniques, image-guided surgery, as well as improving the sensitization of radio-resistant cells to radiotherapy treatment. This review discusses the characteristics of GB and NB cancers, related treatment challenges as well as the potential of CTX and its functionalized NP formulations as targeting systems for diagnostic, therapeutic, and theranostic purposes. It also provides insights into the potential mechanisms through which CTX crosses the BBB to bind cancer cells and provides suggestions for the development and application of novel CTX-based formulations for the diagnosis and treatment of GB and NB in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taahirah Boltman
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Mervin Meyer
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Okobi Ekpo
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
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6
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Knowles T, Huang T, Qi J, An S, Burket N, Cooper S, Nazarian J, Saratsis AM. LIN28B and Let-7 in Diffuse Midline Glioma: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3241. [PMID: 37370851 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is the most lethal of all childhood cancers. DMGs are driven by histone-tail-mutation-mediated epigenetic dysregulation and partner mutations in genes controlling proliferation and migration. One result of this epigenetic and genetic landscape is the overexpression of LIN28B RNA binding protein. In other systems, LIN28B has been shown to prevent let-7 microRNA biogenesis; however, let-7, when available, faithfully suppresses tumorigenic pathways and induces cellular maturation by preventing the translation of numerous oncogenes. Here, we review the current literature on LIN28A/B and the let-7 family and describe their role in gliomagenesis. Future research is then recommended, with a focus on the mechanisms of LIN28B overexpression and localization in DMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truman Knowles
- W.M. Keck Science Department, Scripps, Pitzer, and Claremont McKenna Colleges, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Tina Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jin Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shejuan An
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Noah Burket
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Scott Cooper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Javad Nazarian
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Zurich Children's Hospital, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amanda M Saratsis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IL 60068, USA
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Bai L, Huo R, Fang G, Ma T, Shang Y. MMP11 is associated with the immune response and immune microenvironment in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1055122. [PMID: 36756152 PMCID: PMC9900007 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1055122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High expression of matrix metalloproteinase-11 (MMP11) is associated with various tumors and immune microenvironments. Conversely, poor response to immunotherapy in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients is closely related to the characteristics of immune microenvironment. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-LUAD database and our gathered clinical LUAD samples were used to examine the relationship between MMP11 expression and EGFR mutation. Then the correlation between MMP11 and immune response and the difference of immune cell infiltration in different groups were analyzed. Compared the differences in the immune microenvironment between the MMP11-positive and MMP11-negative expression groups using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and multiplex immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of MMP11 in samples with exon 19 deletions, exon 21 L858R or de novo exon 20 T790M mutations was higher than wild type, but there was no difference between the samples with uncommon mutation and the wild-type. The high MMP11 expression group had a higher Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) score. Pathways associated with enrichment in the extracellular matrix (ECM) were the main biological functions of differential genes between the high and low MMP11 groups. The IHC score of MMP11 in the EGFR-mutant group was higher than in the EGFR-wild group. In TCGA-LUAD, the high MMP11 group had a lower proportion of T cell CD8+ and NK cells activated. In the clinical samples, the infiltration levels of T cell CD8+ and NK cells in the tumor parenchyma of EGFR-mutant LUAD was lower in the MMP11-positive than in the MMP11-negative group. The expression levels of tumor cell PD-L1 were higher in the MMP11-positive expression group than in the MMP11-negative expression group, and the proportion of PD1+CD8+ T cells infiltrated was reduced in the MMP11-positive group compared to the MMP11-negative group. Conclusions High expression of MMP11 was associated with EGFR mutations. Patients with EGFR-mutant LUAD with high expression of MMP11 responded poorly to immunotherapy, and the percentage of T cell CD8+ and NK cells in immune cell infiltration was lower in MMP11. Consequently, MMP11 is related to the immunological microenvironment of EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma, which may be a predictor of possible immunotherapeutic response.
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Altered Extracellular Matrix as an Alternative Risk Factor for Epileptogenicity in Brain Tumors. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102475. [PMID: 36289737 PMCID: PMC9599244 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures are one of the most common symptoms of brain tumors. The incidence of seizures differs among brain tumor type, grade, location and size, but paediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas/glioneuronal tumors are often highly epileptogenic. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to play a role in epileptogenesis and tumorigenesis because it is involved in the (re)modelling of neuronal connections and cell-cell signaling. In this review, we discuss the epileptogenicity of brain tumors with a focus on tumor type, location, genetics and the role of the extracellular matrix. In addition to functional problems, epileptogenic tumors can lead to increased morbidity and mortality, stigmatization and life-long care. The health advantages can be major if the epileptogenic properties of brain tumors are better understood. Surgical resection is the most common treatment of epilepsy-associated tumors, but post-surgery seizure-freedom is not always achieved. Therefore, we also discuss potential novel therapies aiming to restore ECM function.
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Rashad S, Byrne SR, Saigusa D, Xiang J, Zhou Y, Zhang L, Begley TJ, Tominaga T, Niizuma K. Codon Usage and mRNA Stability are Translational Determinants of Cellular Response to Canonical Ferroptosis Inducers. Neuroscience 2022; 501:103-130. [PMID: 35987429 PMCID: PMC10023133 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic cell death mechanism characterized by the generation of lipid peroxides. While many effectors in the ferroptosis pathway have been mapped, its epitranscriptional regulation is not yet fully understood. Ferroptosis can be induced via system xCT inhibition (Class I) or GPX4 inhibition (Class II). Previous works have revealed important differences in cellular response to different ferroptosis inducers. Importantly, blocking mRNA transcription or translation appears to protect cells against Class I ferroptosis inducing agents but not Class II. In this work, we examined the impact of blocking transcription (via Actinomycin D) or translation (via Cycloheximide) on Erastin (Class I) or RSL3 (Class II) induced ferroptosis. Blocking transcription or translation protected cells against Erastin but was detrimental against RSL3. Cycloheximide led to increased levels of GSH alone or when co-treated with Erastin via the activation of the reverse transsulfuration pathway. RNA sequencing analysis revealed early activation of a strong alternative splice program before observed changes in transcription. mRNA stability analysis revealed divergent mRNA stability changes in cellular response to Erastin or RSL3. Importantly, codon optimality biases were drastically different in either condition. Our data also implicated translation repression and rate as an important determinant of the cellular response to ferroptosis inducers. Given that mRNA stability and codon usage can be influenced via the tRNA epitranscriptome, we evaluated the role of a tRNA modifying enzyme in ferroptosis stress response. Alkbh1, a tRNA demethylase, led to translation repression and increased the resistance to Erastin but made cells more sensitive to RSL3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Rashad
- Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Shane R Byrne
- Department of Biological Engineering and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku University Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jingdong Xiang
- Department of Biological Engineering and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Liyin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Thomas J Begley
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA; RNA Epitranscriptomics and Proteomics Resource, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kuniyasu Niizuma
- Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Novel Roles of MT1-MMP and MMP-2: Beyond the Extracellular Milieu. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179513. [PMID: 36076910 PMCID: PMC9455801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are critical enzymes involved in a variety of cellular processes. MMPs are well known for their ability to degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and their extracellular role in cell migration. Recently, more research has been conducted on investigating novel subcellular localizations of MMPs and their intracellular roles at their respective locations. In this review article, we focus on the subcellular localization and novel intracellular roles of two closely related MMPs: membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Although MT1-MMP is commonly known to localize on the cell surface, the protease also localizes to the cytoplasm, caveolae, Golgi, cytoskeleton, centrosome, and nucleus. At these subcellular locations, MT1-MMP functions in cell migration, macrophage metabolism, invadopodia development, spindle formation and gene expression, respectively. Similar to MT1-MMP, MMP-2 localizes to the caveolae, mitochondria, cytoskeleton, nucleus and nucleolus and functions in calcium regulation, contractile dysfunction, gene expression and ribosomal RNA transcription. Our particular interest lies in the roles MMP-2 and MT1-MMP serve within the nucleus, as they may provide critical insights into cancer epigenetics and tumor migration and invasion. We suggest that targeting nuclear MT1-MMP or MMP-2 to reduce or halt cell proliferation and migration may lead to the development of new therapies for cancer and other diseases.
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11
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Rahimifard M, Bagheri Z, Hadjighassem M, Jaktaji RP, Behroodi E, Haghi-Aminjan H, Movahed MA, Latifi H, Hosseindoost S, Zarghi A, Pourahmad J. Investigation of anti-cancer effects of new pyrazino[1,2-a]benzimidazole derivatives on human glioblastoma cells through 2D in vitro model and 3D-printed microfluidic device. Life Sci 2022; 302:120505. [PMID: 35358594 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recent studies show targeted therapy of new pyrazino[1,2-a]benzimidazole derivatives with COX-II inhibitory effects on different cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate 2D cell culture and 3D spheroid formation of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells using a microfluidic device after exposure to these compounds. MAIN METHODS After isolating astrocytes from human GBM samples, IC50 of 2,6-dimethyl pyrazino[1,2-a]benzimidazole (L1) and 3,4,5-trimethoxy pyrazino[1,2-a]benzimidazole (L2) were determined as 13 μM and 85 μM, respectively. Then, in all experiments, cells were exposed to subtoxic concentrations of L1 (6.5 μM) and L2 (42.5 μM), which were ½IC50. In the following, in two phases, cell cycle, migration, and gene expression through 2D cell culture and tumor spheroid formation ability using a 3D-printed microfluidic chip were assessed. KEY FINDINGS The obtained results showed that both compounds have positive effects in reducing G2/M cell population and GBM cell migration. Furthermore, real-time gene expression data showed that L1 and L2 significantly impact the upregulation of P21 and P53 and down-regulation of cyclin D1, MMP2, and MMP9. On the other hand, GBM spheroids exposed to L1 and L2 become smaller with fewer live cells. SIGNIFICANCE Our data on human isolated astrocyte cells in 2D and 3D cell culture conditions showed that L1 and L2 compounds could reduce GBM cells' invasion by controlling gene expressions associated with migration and proliferation. Moreover, designing microfluidic platform and related cell culture protocols facilitates the broad screening of 3D multicellular tumor spheroids derived from GBM tumor biopsies and provides effective drug development for brain gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahban Rahimifard
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Bagheri
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoudreza Hadjighassem
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ebrahim Behroodi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Haghi-Aminjan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mahsa Azami Movahed
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Latifi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Saereh Hosseindoost
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Analysis of the Influence of Serum MMP-2 and vWF Levels on the Predictive Value of Risk Grade and Prognosis of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:1865189. [PMID: 35935313 PMCID: PMC9325568 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1865189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The expression of serum MMP-2 and von Willebrand factor (vWF) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at different risks and their predictive value and prognostic impact were investigated. A total of 105 AML patients admitted to our hospital from February 2020 to February 2022 are divided into group A (32 cases), group B (46 cases), and group C (27 cases) according to risk stratification from low to high. The patients in the three groups are treated with induction chemotherapy according to the risk grade, and the expression of serum matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and vWF antigen in the three groups are detected before and after treatment. Pearson correlation is used to analyze the correlation between MMP-2 and vWF expression and prognosis of AML patients. ROC curve is used to analyze the predictive value of MMP-2 and vWF expression for risk grading of AML patients. MMP-2 and vWF are highly expressed in middle and high-risk patients, had high predictive value for the risk grade of AML patients, and are correlated with the prognosis of AML patients to a certain extent.
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Cheng W, Su YL, Hsu HH, Lin YH, Chu LA, Huang WC, Lu YJ, Chiang CS, Hu SH. Rabies Virus Glycoprotein-Mediated Transportation and T Cell Infiltration to Brain Tumor by Magnetoelectric Gold Yarnballs. ACS NANO 2022; 16:4014-4027. [PMID: 35225594 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
T lymphocyte infiltration with immunotherapy potentially suppresses most devastating brain tumors. However, local immune privilege and tumor heterogeneity usually limit the penetration of immune cells and therapeutic agents into brain tumors, leading to tumor recurrence after treatment. Here, a rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG)-camouflaged gold yarnball (RVG@GY) that can boost the targeting efficiency at a brain tumor via dual hierarchy- and RVG-mediated spinal cord transportation, facilitating the decrease of tumor heterogeneity for T cell infiltration, is developed. Upon magnetoelectric irradiation, the electron current generated on the GYs activates the electrolytic penetration of palbociclib-loaded dendrimer (Den[Pb]) deep into tumors. In addition, the high-density GYs at brain tumors also induces the disruption of cell-cell interactions and T cell infiltration. The integration of the electrolytic effects and T cell infiltration promoted by drug-loaded RVG@GYs deep in the brain tumor elicits sufficient T cell numbers and effectively prolongs the survival rate of mice with orthotopic brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei-Chen Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
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14
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Nasrollahzadeh A, Momeny M, Bashash D, Yousefi H, Mousavi SA, Ghaffari SH. Blockade of Nuclear Factor-Κb (NF-Κb) Pathway Using Bay 11-7082 Enhances Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Antiproliferative Activity in U87 Glioblastoma Cells. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 10:602-613. [PMID: 35291620 PMCID: PMC8903363 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.10.4.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive and common form of glioma, accounts for over 13,000 death per year in the United States which indicates the importance of developing novel strategies for the treatment of this fatal malignancy. Although Arsenic trioxide (ATO) hinders the growth and survival of GBM cells, the requirement of concentrations higher than 4 µM for triggering apoptotic cell death has questioned its safety profile. Since the NF-κB signaling pathway plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and chemo-resistance, targeting this oncogenic pathway may sensitize GBM cells to lower concentrations of ATO. METHODS Anti-tumor effects of ATO as monotherapy and in combination with Bay 11-7082 were determined using MTT, crystal violet staining, Annexin V/PI staining and scratch assays. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis was applied to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor activity of this combination therapy. RESULTS Our results revealed that ATO and Bay 11-7082 synergistically inhibited the proliferation and survival of GBM cells. Also, it was revealed that NF-κB inhibition using Bay 11-7082 enhanced the inhibitory effects of ATO on migration of GBM cells via suppressing the expression of NF-κB target genes such as TWIST, MMP2, ICAM-1, and cathepsin B. Furthermore, combination treatment of GBM cells with ATO and Bay 11-7082 significantly induce apoptotic cell death coupled with downregulation of NF-κB anti-apoptotic target genes including Bcl-2 and IAP family members. CONCLUSION Altogether, these findings suggest that combination therapy with ATO and Bay 11-7082 may be a promising strategy for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nasrollahzadeh
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Momeny
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC, School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Seyed Asadollah Mousavi
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamidollah Ghaffari
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Patel V, Szász I, Koroknai V, Kiss T, Balázs M. Molecular Alterations Associated with Acquired Drug Resistance during Combined Treatment with Encorafenib and Binimetinib in Melanoma Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236058. [PMID: 34885166 PMCID: PMC8656772 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination treatment using BRAF/MEK inhibitors is a promising therapy for patients with advanced BRAFV600E/K mutant melanoma. However, acquired resistance largely limits the clinical efficacy of this drug combination. Identifying resistance mechanisms is essential to reach long-term, durable responses. During this study, we developed six melanoma cell lines with acquired resistance for BRAFi/MEKi treatment and defined the molecular alterations associated with drug resistance. We observed that the invasion of three resistant cell lines increased significantly compared to the sensitive cells. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed differentially expressed genes that were functionally linked to a variety of biological functions including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, the ROS pathway, and KRAS-signalling. Using proteome profiler array, several differentially expressed proteins were detected, which clustered into a unique pattern. Galectin showed increased expression in four resistant cell lines, being the highest in the WM1617E+BRes cells. We also observed that the resistant cells behaved differently after the withdrawal of the inhibitors, five were not drug addicted at all and did not exhibit significantly increased lethality; however, the viability of one resistant cell line (WM1617E+BRes) decreased significantly. We have selected three resistant cell lines to investigate the protein expression changes after drug withdrawal. The expression patterns of CapG, Enolase 2, and osteopontin were similar in the resistant cells after ten days of "drug holiday", but the Snail protein was only expressed in the WM1617E+BRes cells, which showed a drug-dependent phenotype, and this might be associated with drug addiction. Our results highlight that melanoma cells use several types of resistance mechanisms involving the altered expression of different proteins to bypass drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Patel
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - István Szász
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (V.K.)
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Viktória Koroknai
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (V.K.)
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Tímea Kiss
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Margit Balázs
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (V.K.)
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Correspondence:
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Yasmin IA, Mohana Sundaram S, Banerjee A, Varier L, Dharmarajan A, Warrier S. Netrin-like domain of sFRP4, a Wnt antagonist inhibits stemness, metastatic and invasive properties by specifically blocking MMP-2 in cancer stem cells from human glioma cell line U87MG. Exp Cell Res 2021; 409:112912. [PMID: 34762897 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rapid proliferation, high stemness potential, high invasiveness and apoptotic evasion are the distinctive hallmarks of glioma malignancy. The dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is the key factor regulating glioma malignancy. Wnt antagonist, secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4), which has a prominent pro-apoptotic role in glioma stem cells, has two functional domains, the netrin-like domain (NLD), and cysteine-rich domain (CRD) both of which contribute to apoptotic properties of the whole protein. However, there are no reports elucidating the specific effects of individual domains of sFRP4 in inhibiting the invasive properties of glioma. This study explores the efficacy of the domains of sFRP4 in inhibiting the key hallmarks of glioblastoma such as invasion, metastasis, and stemness. We overexpressed sFRP4 and its domains in the glioblastoma cell line, U87MG cells and observed that both CRD and NLD domains played prominent roles in attenuating cancer stem cell properties. Significantly, we could demonstrate for the first time that both NLD and CRD domains negatively impacted the key driver of metastasis and migration, the matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Mechanistically, compared to CRD, NLD domain suppressed MMP-2 mediated invasion more effectively in glioma cells as observed in matrigel invasion assay and a function-blocking antibody assay. Fluorescent matrix degradation assay further revealed that NLD reduces matrix degradation. NLD also significantly disrupted fibronectin assembly and decreased cell adhesion in another glioma cell line LN229. In conclusion, the NLD peptide of sFRP4 could be a potent short peptide therapeutic candidate for targeting MMP-2-mediated invasion in the highly malignant glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishmat Ara Yasmin
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560 065, India
| | - S Mohana Sundaram
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560 065, India
| | - Anasuya Banerjee
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560 065, India
| | | | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560 065, India; Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560 065, India.
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Vannini E, Mori E, Tantillo E, Schmidt G, Caleo M, Costa M. CTX-CNF1 Recombinant Protein Selectively Targets Glioma Cells In Vivo. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:194. [PMID: 33800135 PMCID: PMC7998600 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Current strategies for glioma treatment are only partly effective because of the poor selectivity for tumoral cells. Hence, the necessity to identify novel approaches is urgent. Recent studies highlighted the effectiveness of the bacterial protein cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) in reducing tumoral mass, increasing survival of glioma-bearing mice and protecting peritumoral neural tissue from dysfunction. However, native CNF1 needs to be delivered into the brain, because of its incapacity to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) per se, thus hampering its clinical translation. To allow a non-invasive administration of CNF1, we here developed a chimeric protein (CTX-CNF1) conjugating CNF1 with chlorotoxin (CTX), a peptide already employed in clinics due to its ability of passing the BBB and selectively binding glioma cells. After systemic administration, we found that CTX-CNF1 is able to target glioma cells and significantly prolong survival of glioma-bearing mice. Our data point out the potentiality of CTX-CNF1 as a novel effective tool to treat gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Vannini
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.T.); (M.C.); (M.C.)
- Fondazione Umberto Veronesi, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elena Tantillo
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.T.); (M.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Gudula Schmidt
- Medizinische Fakultät, Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Matteo Caleo
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.T.); (M.C.); (M.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
| | - Mario Costa
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.T.); (M.C.); (M.C.)
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Das S, De S, Sengupta S. Post-transcriptional regulation of MMP2 mRNA by its interaction with miR-20a and Nucleolin in breast cancer cell lines. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2315-2324. [PMID: 33788053 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) is a foremost MMP, governing invasion of breast cancer cells during metastasis. miR-20a was reported to induce mesenchymal to epithelial transition in MDA-MB-231 cells and its endogenous expression varies directly with invasiveness of breast cancer cells. The inverse and direct correlation of invasiveness with miR-20a and Nucleolin respectively led us to study the post-transcriptional regulation of MMP2 by miR-20a and mRNA stabilizing protein, Nucleolin. Thus, understanding the mechanism of its regulation will enable modification of the invasion potential. MMP2 was found to be higher in MDA-MB-231 than MCF-7 cells both at RNA and protein levels. RNA-protein co-immunoprecipitation assay with Argonaute 2 revealed that MMP2 undergoes miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation. miR-20a decreased MMP2 expression as well as its enzymatic activity as found by zymogram assay. Reporter assay showed that miR-20a directly binds to its putative binding site in MMP2 3'-UTR as per in silico prediction. miR-20a additionally impeded MMP2 mRNA stability, and binding of stabilizing trans-factor Nucleolin to its 3'-UTR was confirmed by RNA-protein co-immunoprecipitation assay. Partial down-regulation of Nucleolin by Si-RNA resulted in the downregulation of MMP2 and Nucleolin over-expression rescued the inhibitory effect of miR-20a on MMP2 expression. Delineating the mechanism of post-transcriptional regulation of MMP2, two of its potent regulators, miR-20a and Nucleolin were identified. It was established for the first time that MMP2 is a direct target of miR-20a. The results also elucidated that Nucleolin binds to MMP2 3' UTR and its abundance affects MMP2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Das
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Soumasree De
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Sumita Sengupta
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India.
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Lee J, Lee D, Lawler S, Kim Y. Role of neutrophil extracellular traps in regulation of lung cancer invasion and metastasis: Structural insights from a computational model. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008257. [PMID: 33596197 PMCID: PMC7920364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide and is characterized by hijacking immune system for active growth and aggressive metastasis. Neutrophils, which in their original form should establish immune activities to the tumor as a first line of defense, are undermined by tumor cells to promote tumor invasion in several ways. In this study, we investigate the mutual interactions between the tumor cells and the neutrophils that facilitate tumor invasion by developing a mathematical model that involves taxis-reaction-diffusion equations for the critical components in the interaction. These include the densities of tumor and neutrophils, and the concentrations of signaling molecules and structure such as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). We apply the mathematical model to a Boyden invasion assay used in the experiments to demonstrate that the tumor-associated neutrophils can enhance tumor cell invasion by secreting the neutrophil elastase. We show that the model can both reproduce the major experimental observation on NET-mediated cancer invasion and make several important predictions to guide future experiments with the goal of the development of new anti-tumor strategies. Moreover, using this model, we investigate the fundamental mechanism of NET-mediated invasion of cancer cells and the impact of internal and external heterogeneity on the migration patterning of tumour cells and their response to different treatment schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggu Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sean Lawler
- Department of neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yangjin Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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20
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Mishra VS, Kumar N, Raza M, Sehrawat S. Amalgamation of PI3K and EZH2 blockade synergistically regulates invasion and angiogenesis: combination therapy for glioblastoma multiforme. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4754-4769. [PMID: 33473259 PMCID: PMC7771717 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is known as the primary malignant and most devastating form of tumor in central nervous system of adult population. Amongst all CNS cancers, Glioblastoma multiforme GBM is a rare grade IV astrocytoma and it has the worst prognosis initiated by metastasis to supra-tentorial region of the brain. Current options for the treatment include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Substantial information of its pathology and molecular signaling exposed new avenues for generating innovative therapies. In our study, we have undertaken a novel combination approach for GBM treatment. PI3K signaling participates in cancer progression and plays a significant role in metastasis. Here, we are targeting PI3K signaling pathways in glioblastoma along with EZH2, a known transcriptional regulator. We found that targeting transcriptional regulator EZH2 and PI3K affect cellular migration and morphological changes. These changes in signatory activities of cancerous cells led to inhibit its progression in vitro. With further analysis we confirmed the angiogenic inhibition and reduction in stem-ness potential of GBM. Later, cytokine proteome array analysis revealed several participants of metastasis and tumor induced angiogenesis using combination regime. This study provides a significant reduction in GBM progression investigated using Glioblastoma Multiforme U-87 cells with effective combination of pharmacological inhibitors PI-103 and EPZ-6438. This strategy will be further used to combat GBM more innovatively along with the existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu S Mishra
- Precision NeuroOncology & NeuroVascular Disease Modeling Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NCR 201314, India.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Precision NeuroOncology & NeuroVascular Disease Modeling Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NCR 201314, India.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Masoom Raza
- Precision NeuroOncology & NeuroVascular Disease Modeling Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NCR 201314, India
| | - Seema Sehrawat
- Precision NeuroOncology & NeuroVascular Disease Modeling Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NCR 201314, India
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Mohammadi L, Mosayyebi B, Imani M, Rahmati M. Dexamethasone Reduces Cell Adhesion and Migration of T47D Breast Cancer Cell Line. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 22:2494-2501. [PMID: 33319693 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666201214150427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant expression of cell adhesion molecules and matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) plays a pivotal role in tumor biological processes including progression and metastasis of cancer cells. Targeting these processes and detailed understanding of their underlying molecular mechanism is an essential step in cancer treatment. Dexamethasone (Dex) is a type of synthetic corticosteroid hormone used as adjuvant therapy in combination with current cancer treatments such as chemotherapy in order to alleviate its side effects like acute nausea and vomiting. Recent evidences have suggested that Dex may have antitumor characteristics. OBJECTIVE Dex affects the migration and adhesion of T47D breast cancer cells as well as cell adhesion molecules e.g., cadherin and integrin, and MMPs by regulating the expression levels of associated genes. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of Dex on the T47D breast cancer cell line through MTT assay. Cell adhesion assay and wound healing assay were performed to determine the impact of Dex on cell adhesion and cell migration, respectively. Moreover, real-time PCR was used to measure the levels of α and β integrin, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, MMP-2, and MMP-9. RESULTS Dex decreased the viability of T47D cells in a time and dose-dependent manner. Cell adhesion and migration of T47D cells were reduced upon Dex treatment. The expression of α and β integrin, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were altered in response to the Dex treatment. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that Dex may have a role in the prevention of metastasis in this cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Bashir Mosayyebi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Mahsa Imani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahmati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
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Ritter A, Safdar BK, Jasmer B, Kreis NN, Friemel A, Roth S, Solbach C, Louwen F, Yuan J. The Function of Oncogene B-Cell Lymphoma 6 in the Regulation of the Migration and Invasion of Trophoblastic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218393. [PMID: 33182312 PMCID: PMC7664908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human placentation is a highly invasive process. Deficiency in the invasiveness of trophoblasts is associated with a spectrum of gestational diseases, such as preeclampsia (PE). The oncogene B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is involved in the migration and invasion of various malignant cells. Intriguingly, its expression is deregulated in preeclamptic placentas. We have reported that BCL6 is required for the proliferation, survival, fusion, and syncytialization of trophoblasts. In the present work, we show that the inhibition of BCL6, either by its gene silencing or by using specific small molecule inhibitors, impairs the migration and invasion of trophoblastic cells, by reducing cell adhesion and compromising the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, the suppression of BCL6 weakens the signals of the phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase, Akt/protein kinase B, and extracellular regulated kinase 1/2, accompanied by more stationary, but less migratory, cells. Interestingly, transcriptomic analyses reveal that a small interfering RNA-induced reduction of BCL6 decreases the levels of numerous genes, such as p21 activated kinase 1, myosin light chain kinase, and gamma actin related to cell adhesion, actin dynamics, and cell migration. These data suggest BCL6 as a crucial player in the migration and invasion of trophoblasts in the early stages of placental development through the regulation of various genes associated with the migratory machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ritter
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (J.Y.); Tel.: +49-69-6301-83297 (A.R.); +49-69-6301-5819 (J.Y.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Juping Yuan
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (J.Y.); Tel.: +49-69-6301-83297 (A.R.); +49-69-6301-5819 (J.Y.)
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23
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Zhao H, Xing F, Yuan J, Li Z, Zhang W. Sevoflurane inhibits migration and invasion of glioma cells via regulating miR-34a-5p/MMP-2 axis. Life Sci 2020; 256:117897. [PMID: 32502543 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common brain malignancy and surgical resection is the primary option for patient with glioma. Anesthetics could be used to inhibit cancer dissemination and metastasis during surgery. This study aims to assess the function of volatile anesthetic sevoflurane in glioma migration and invasion and explore the potential mechanism. Twenty-five patients with glioma were recruited in this study. LN229 and U251 cells were used in vitro experiments. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT analysis. Cell migration and invasion were examined via transwell analysis. microRNA-34a-5p (miR-34a-5p) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) levels were measured via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The relationship of miR-34a-5p and MMP-2 was tested via bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down. Sevoflurane decreased glioma cell migration and invasion. In glioma cells, sevoflurane up-regulated miR-34a-5p abundance and down-regulated MMP-2 level. Overexpression of miR-34a-5p contributed to sevoflurane-caused suppression of migration and invasion, while its knockdown played an opposite effect. MMP-2 was targeted via miR-34a-5p and MMP-2 silence reversed the influence of miR-34a-5p knockdown under sevoflurane. Sevoflurane exposure represses cell migration and invasion, which might be related to inhibition of MMP-2 by up-regulating miR-34a-5p. This study provides a novel mechanism for understanding the pharmacological effects of sevoflurane on glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhisong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
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24
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Metastases to the central nervous system: Molecular basis and clinical considerations. J Neurol Sci 2020; 412:116755. [PMID: 32120132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic tumors are the most common malignancies of the central nervous system (CNS) in adults. CNS metastases are associated with unfavorable prognosis, high morbidity and mortality. Lung cancer is the most common source of brain metastases, followed by breast cancer and melanoma. Rising incidence is primarily due to improvements in systemic control of primary malignancies, prolonged survival and advances in cancer detection. PURPOSE To provide an overview of the metastatic cascade and the role of angiogenesis, neuroinflammation, metabolic adaptations, and clinical details about brain metastases from different primary tumors. METHODS A review of the literature on brain metastases was conducted, focusing on the pathophysiology and clinical aspects of the disease. PubMed was used to search for relevant articles published from January 1975 through December 2019 using the keywords brain metabolism, brain metastasis, metastatic cascade, molecular mechanisms, incidence, risk factors, and prognosis. 146 articles met the criteria and were included in this review. DISCUSSION Some primary tumors have a higher tendency to metastasize to the CNS. Establishing a suitable metastatic microenvironment is important in maintaining tumor cell growth and survival. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used tool for diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Available treatments include surgery, radiotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and systemic targeted therapies. CONCLUSIONS Prevention of metastases to the CNS remains a difficult challenge. Advances in screening of high-risk patients and future development of novel treatments may improve patient outcomes.
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25
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Jiang M, Zhuang Y, Zu WC, Jiao L, Richard SA, Zhang S. Overexpression of EPAC2 reduces the invasion of glioma cells via MMP-2. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:5080-5086. [PMID: 31186720 PMCID: PMC6507491 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs) are crucial cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate- determined signaling pathway intercessors, which are associated with the pathogenesis of neurological disorders and numerous human diseases. To the best of our knowledge, the role of EPAC2 signaling via matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) in the pathogenesis of glioma has not been studied. Therefore, the present study focused on the role of EPAC2 in glioma, and assessed the invasiveness of human glioma cell lines following EPAC2 overexpression. Expression levels of EPAC2 in normal brain tissues and clinical glioma specimens were detected by western blotting. An EPAC2 overexpression vector was transfected into U251 and U87 cell lines to increase the expression levels of EPAC2. Expression levels of MMP-2 were detected by western blotting, and the invasive abilities of glioma cells were detected by a Transwell assay. EPAC2 was relatively highly expressed in normal brain tissue, while EPAC2 expression was significantly decreased in clinical glioma specimens (P<0.01). In vitro transfection of EPAC2 overexpression vector significantly reduced the MMP-2 protein levels of glioma cells, and, at the same time, the invasive cell number was significantly decreased in a Transwell assay. The present study demonstrated that MMP-2 regulation via EPAC2 overexpression is a novel promising therapeutic route in malignant types of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Wang-Cun Zu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Seidu A Richard
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China.,Department of Medicine, Princefield University, P.O. Box MA 128, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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26
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Medeiros M, Ribeiro AO, Lupi LA, Romualdo GR, Pinhal D, Chuffa LGDA, Delella FK. Mimicking the tumor microenvironment: Fibroblasts reduce miR-29b expression and increase the motility of ovarian cancer cells in a co-culture model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:96-101. [PMID: 31200958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a highly prevalent gynecological malignancy worldwide. Throughout ovarian carcinogenesis, the crosstalk between cellular components of the microenvironment, including tumor cells and fibroblasts, is proposed to play critical roles in cancer progression. The dysregulation of microRNA expression is also a pronounced feature of the OC. The screening of microRNAs, mainly those involved in OC microenvironment, could have diagnostic and/or therapeutic potential for this malignancy. Thus, we assessed the influence of fibroblasts on microRNA expression and the motility of OC cells. To achieve this goal, SKOV-3 cancer cells were co-cultured with human normal fibroblasts derived from primary culture (FP-96). Cell viability, expression of tumor suppressor microRNAs and oncomiRs by RT-qPCR, cell migration by wound healing assay and analysis of MMP-2 activity by zymography were performed in SKOV-3 cells. Moreover, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression was evaluated by Western blot in FP-96 fibroblasts. Notably, the co-culture downregulated the tumor suppressor miR-29b and increased migration of SKOV-3 cells. In addition, co-culture increased the activity of MMP-2, which is a miR-29 target, and accounted for extracellular matrix remodeling and augmented cellular motility. Concomitantly, the co-culture system induced α-SMA expression in FP-96 fibroblasts, the commonly expressed marker in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Our findings suggest that the potential crosstalk between OC cells and fibroblasts in tumor microenvironment may play a key role in the progression of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Medeiros
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Oliveira Ribeiro
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Genetics, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antônio Lupi
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Anatomy, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Ribeiro Romualdo
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danillo Pinhal
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Genetics, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia Karina Delella
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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27
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Gong H, Zhou L, Khelfat L, Qiu G, Wang Y, Mao K, Chen W. Rho-Associated Protein Kinase (ROCK) Promotes Proliferation and Migration of PC-3 and DU145 Prostate Cancer Cells by Targeting LIM Kinase 1 (LIMK1) and Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:3090-3099. [PMID: 31026254 PMCID: PMC6500105 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the pathogenesis and progression of prostate cancer, cell proliferation and cell migration results in tumor invasion and metastasis that is associated with patient morbidity and mortality. Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) has previously been shown to be upregulated in prostate cancer, but its biological role remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of ROCK in the proliferation and migration of PC-3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells and to identify the possible targets involved by knockdown of ROCK1 and ROCK2 RNA expression. Material/Methods An RNA interference (RNAi) assay was performed to silence the expression of ROCK1 and ROCK2 in the PC-3 and DU145 human prostate cancer cell lines. Cells were also treated with a specific ROCK inhibitor, Y27632. A cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to determine the proliferation rate of prostate cancer cells, and cell migration and invasion assays were performed. Western blot and polymerase chain reaction were used to measure protein and RNA expression levels. Results In PC-3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells, knockdown of ROCK1 and ROCK2 reduced cell migration and invasion. ROCK1 and ROCK2 regulated cell proliferation in PC-3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells. Protein levels of phosphorylated LIM kinase 1 (p-LIMK1) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were reduced in ROCK1 and ROCK2 siRNA transfected cells. Conclusions In PC-3 and DU145 human prostate cancer cells, ROCK promoted cell proliferation and migration by targeting LIMK1 and MMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gong
- Department of Urology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Lan Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Lotfi Khelfat
- Department of Urology, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Guangmin Qiu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yuemin Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Kaili Mao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Weihua Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital Jian Hospital, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
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28
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Lin CM, Yu CF, Huang HY, Chen FH, Hong JH, Chiang CS. Distinct Tumor Microenvironment at Tumor Edge as a Result of Astrocyte Activation Is Associated With Therapeutic Resistance for Brain Tumor. Front Oncol 2019; 9:307. [PMID: 31106146 PMCID: PMC6498880 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor vasculatures and hypoxia are critical tumor micro-environmental factors associated with tumor response to the therapy and heterogeneous in both time- and location-dependent manner. Using a murine orthotopic anaplastic astrocytoma model, ALTS1C1, this study showed that brain tumor edge had a very unique microenvironment, having higher microvascular density (MVD) and better vessel function than the tumor core, but on the other hand was also positive for hypoxia markers, such as pimonidazole (PIMO), hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and carbonic anhydrase IV (CAIX). The hypoxia at tumor edge was transient, named as peripheral hypoxia, and caused by different mechanisms from the chronic hypoxia in tumor core. The correlation of CAIX staining with astrocyte activation marker, glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), at the tumor edge indicated the involvement of astrocyte activation on the development of peripheral hypoxia. Peripheral hypoxia was a specific trait of orthotopic brain tumors at tumor edge, regardless of tumor origin. The hypoxic cells were resistant to the therapy, regardless of their location. Surviving cells, particularly those at the hypoxic region of tumor edge, are likely the cause of tumor recurrence after the therapy. New therapeutic platform that targets cells in tumor edge is likely to achieve better treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Min Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fang Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Ya Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Education & Medical Research National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Hsin Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Hong Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shiun Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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29
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Wang G, Yin L, Peng Y, Gao Y, Gao H, Zhang J, Lv N, Miao Y, Lu Z. Insulin promotes invasion and migration of KRAS G12D mutant HPNE cells by upregulating MMP-2 gelatinolytic activity via ERK- and PI3K-dependent signalling. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12575. [PMID: 30838710 PMCID: PMC6536446 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Hyperinsulinemia is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer, but the function of insulin in carcinogenesis is unclear, so this study aimed to elucidate the carcinogenic effects of insulin and the synergistic effect with the KRAS mutation in the early stage of pancreatic cancer. Materials and methods A pair of immortalized human pancreatic duct‐derived cells, hTERT‐HPNE E6/E7/st (HPNE) and its oncogenic KRASG12D variant, hTERT‐HPNE E6/E7/KRASG12D/st (HPNE‐mut‐KRAS), were used to investigate the effect of insulin. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed using Cell Counting Kit‐8 and transwell assays, respectively. The expression of E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, vimentin and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP‐2, MMP‐7 and MMP‐9) was evaluated by Western blotting and/or qRT‐PCR. The gelatinase activity of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in conditioned media was detected using gelatin zymography. The phosphorylation status of AKT, GSK3β, p38, JNK and ERK1/2 MAPK was determined by Western blotting. Results The migration and invasion ability of HPNE cells was increased after the introduction of the mutated KRAS gene, together with an increased expression of MMP‐2. These effects were further enhanced by the simultaneous administration of insulin. The use of MMP‐2 siRNA confirmed that MMP‐2 was involved in the regulation of cell invasion. Furthermore, there was a concentration‐ and time‐dependent increase in gelatinase activity after insulin treatment, which could be reversed by an insulin receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (HNMPA‐(AM)3). In addition, insulin markedly enhanced the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT, p38, JNK and ERK1/2 MAPK pathways, with wortmannin or LY294002 (a PI3K‐specific inhibitor) and PD98059 (a MEK1‐specific inhibitor) significantly inhibiting the insulin‐induced increase in MMP‐2 gelatinolytic activity. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that insulin induced migration and invasion in HPNE and HPNE‐mut‐KRAS through PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 activation, with MMP‐2 gelatinolytic activity playing a vital role in this process. These findings may provide a new therapeutic target for preventing carcinogenesis and the evolution of pancreatic cancer with a background of hyperinsulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Wang
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingdi Yin
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunpeng Peng
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Gao
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Lv
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Miao
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zipeng Lu
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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30
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The Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9) and Their Tissue Inhibitors (TIMP-1, TIMP-3) in the Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus in Experimental Acanthamoebiasis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124128. [PMID: 30572657 PMCID: PMC6321078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological process occurring within the central nervous system (CNS) as a result of the infection by Acanthamoeba spp. is not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether Acanthamoeba spp. may affect the levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2,-9), their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1,-3) and MMP-9/TIMP-1, MMP-2/TIMP-3 ratios in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, in relation to the host’s immunological status. Our results showed that Acanthamoeba spp. infection can change the levels of MMP and TIMP in the CNS and may be amenable targets for limiting amoebic encephalitis. The increase in the activity of matrix metalloproteinases during acanthamoebiasis may be primarily the result of inflammation process, probably an increased activity of proteolytic processes, but also (to a lesser extent) a defense mechanism preventing the processes of neurodegeneration.
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31
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Huliák I, Bodai L, Czepán M, Kovács D, Szabó A, Tiszlavicz L, Lázár G, Rakonczay Z, Hegyi P, Boros IM, Kiricsi M. Genetic, epigenetic and transcriptional comparison of esophagus tumor‑associated and adjacent normal myofibroblasts. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:839-852. [PMID: 30535493 PMCID: PMC6313073 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofibroblasts (MFs) are present in healthy tissues and are also key components of the tumor microenvironment. In the present study a comparative analysis of MFs obtained from various gastrointestinal tumor tissues and from tumor-adjacent normal tissues of cancer patients was performed, with the aim to evaluate differences in MF morphology, gene expression profile and function. The goal was to correlate the observed morphological and functional variations with the underlying genetic and epigenetic backgrounds. The mutation frequency of MFs was assessed by next generation sequencing. The transcript levels of cancer-specific genes were determined by TaqMan array and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Epigenetic modifications were analyzed by immunocytochemistry and western blotting. The migratory capacity of MFs was assessed by scratch assay, whereas matrix metalloproteinase expression and activity were obtained by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and zymography. The results of the present study demonstrate that MFs were present in an increased number and with altered morphology in tumor samples compared with the healthy tissue. Although the detected number of mutations in tumor-associated and normal tissue-derived MFs did not differ markedly, shifts in the level of specific acetylated and methylated histone proteins, namely decreased levels of trimethylated H3K9 and acetylated H4K16 were demonstrated in tumor-associated MFs. Transcript levels of several tumor-specific genes involved in metastasis, regulation of cellular growth, apoptosis, as well as in hypoxia-angiogenesis were altered in tumor-derived MF cultures. Increased mRNA levels were obtained and activity of matrix metalloproteases in tumor-derived MFs and these cells also exhibited a higher migratory capacity compared with the normal MFs. In summary, the results of the present study indicate that tumor-associated MFs display an altered phenotype compared with healthy tissue derived counterparts. The results imply that epigenetic rather than genetic alterations are associated with the development of the distinct expressional and functional features, which define this MF phenotype in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Huliák
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged H‑6726, Hungary
| | - László Bodai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged H‑6726, Hungary
| | - Mátyás Czepán
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged H‑6720, Hungary
| | - Dávid Kovács
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged H‑6726, Hungary
| | - Anikó Szabó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged H‑6726, Hungary
| | - László Tiszlavicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged H‑6720, Hungary
| | - György Lázár
- Department of Surgery, University of Szeged, Szeged H‑6720, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Rakonczay
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged H‑6720, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged H‑6720, Hungary
| | - Imre Miklós Boros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged H‑6726, Hungary
| | - Mónika Kiricsi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged H‑6726, Hungary
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32
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Kingsmore KM, Vaccari A, Abler D, Cui SX, Epstein FH, Rockne RC, Acton ST, Munson JM. MRI analysis to map interstitial flow in the brain tumor microenvironment. APL Bioeng 2018; 2:031905. [PMID: 30456343 PMCID: PMC6238644 DOI: 10.1063/1.5023503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly aggressive form of brain tumor, is a disease marked by extensive invasion into the surrounding brain. Interstitial fluid flow (IFF), or the movement of fluid within the spaces between cells, has been linked to increased invasion of GBM cells. Better characterization of IFF could elucidate underlying mechanisms driving this invasion in vivo. Here, we develop a technique to noninvasively measure interstitial flow velocities in the glioma microenvironment of mice using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a common clinical technique. Using our in vitro model as a phantom "tumor" system and in silico models of velocity vector fields, we show we can measure average velocities and accurately reconstruct velocity directions. With our combined MR and analysis method, we show that velocity magnitudes are similar across four human GBM cell line xenograft models and the direction of fluid flow is heterogeneous within and around the tumors, and not always in the outward direction. These values were not linked to the tumor size. Finally, we compare our flow velocity magnitudes and the direction of flow to a classical marker of vessel leakage and bulk fluid drainage, Evans blue. With these data, we validate its use as a marker of high and low IFF rates and IFF in the outward direction from the tumor border in implanted glioma models. These methods show, for the first time, the nature of interstitial fluid flow in models of glioma using a technique that is translatable to clinical and preclinical models currently using contrast-enhanced MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Kingsmore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Andrea Vaccari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Daniel Abler
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Sophia X. Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Frederick H. Epstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Russell C. Rockne
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Scott T. Acton
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Munson
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: . Tel.: (540)-231-7896
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Cutting to the Chase: How Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Activity Controls Breast-Cancer-to-Bone Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060185. [PMID: 29874869 PMCID: PMC6025260 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastatic breast cancer is currently incurable and will be evident in more than 70% of patients that succumb to the disease. Understanding the factors that contribute to the progression and metastasis of breast cancer can reveal therapeutic opportunities. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic enzymes whose role in cancer has been widely documented. They are capable of contributing to every step of the metastatic cascade, but enthusiasm for the use of MMP inhibition as a therapeutic approach has been dampened by the disappointing results of clinical trials conducted more than 20 years ago. Since the trials, our knowledge of MMP biology has expanded greatly. Combined with advances in the selective targeting of individual MMPs and the specific delivery of therapeutics to the tumor microenvironment, we may be on the verge of finally realizing the promise of MMP inhibition as a treatment strategy. Here, as a case in point, we focus specifically on MMP-2 as an example to show how it can contribute to each stage of breast-cancer-to-bone metastasis and also discuss novel approaches for the selective targeting of MMP-2 in the setting of the bone-cancer microenvironment.
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