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Adamoski D, M Dos Reis L, Mafra ACP, Corrêa-da-Silva F, Moraes-Vieira PMMD, Berindan-Neagoe I, Calin GA, Dias SMG. HuR controls glutaminase RNA metabolism. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5620. [PMID: 38965208 PMCID: PMC11224379 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutaminase (GLS) is directly related to cell growth and tumor progression, making it a target for cancer treatment. The RNA-binding protein HuR (encoded by the ELAVL1 gene) influences mRNA stability and alternative splicing. Overexpression of ELAVL1 is common in several cancers, including breast cancer. Here we show that HuR regulates GLS mRNA alternative splicing and isoform translation/stability in breast cancer. Elevated ELAVL1 expression correlates with high levels of the glutaminase isoforms C (GAC) and kidney-type (KGA), which are associated with poor patient prognosis. Knocking down ELAVL1 reduces KGA and increases GAC levels, enhances glutamine anaplerosis into the TCA cycle, and drives cells towards glutamine dependence. Furthermore, we show that combining chemical inhibition of GLS with ELAVL1 silencing synergistically decreases breast cancer cell growth and invasion. These findings suggest that dual inhibition of GLS and HuR offers a therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Adamoski
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa M Dos Reis
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Paschoalini Mafra
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, S. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Felipe Corrêa-da-Silva
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Manoel Mendes de Moraes-Vieira
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu-Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for RNA Inference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sandra Martha Gomes Dias
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Yang SL, Ma BJ, Lu YS, Chen J, Yu J, Qiu J, Qian YZ, Xu YY. Multi-omics reveals the molecular mechanism of the combined toxic effects of PFOA and 4-HBP exposure in MCF-7 cells and the key player: mTORC1. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 188:108778. [PMID: 38815467 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
With the discovery of evidence that many endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment influence human health, their toxic effects and mechanisms have become a hot topic of research. However, investigations into their endocrine-disrupting toxicity under combined binary exposure, especially the molecular mechanism of combined effects, have rarely been documented. In this study, two typical EDCs, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-HBP), were selected to examine their combined effects and molecular mechanism on MCF-7 cell proliferation at environmentally relevant exposure concentrations. We have successfully established a model to evaluate the binary combined toxic effects of endocrine disruptors, presenting combined effects in a simple and direct way. Results indicated that the combined effect changed from additive to synergistic from 1.25 × 10-8 M to 4 × 10-7 M. Metabolomics analyses suggested that exposure to PFOA and 4-HBP caused significant alterations in purine metabolism, arginine, and proline metabolism and had superimposed influences on metabolism. Enhanced combined effects were observed in glycine, serine, and threonine metabolic pathways compared to exposure to PFOS and 4-HBP alone. Additionally, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are primarily involved in Biological Processes, especially protein targeting the endoplasmic reticulum, and significantly impact the oxidative phosphorylation and thermogenesis-related KEGG pathway. By integrating metabolome and transcriptome analyses, PFOA and 4-HBP regulate purine metabolism, the TCA cycle, and endoplasmic reticulum protein synthesis in MCF-7 cells via mTORC1, which provides genetic material, protein, and energy for cell proliferation. Furthermore, molecular docking confirmed the ability of PFOA and 4-HBP to stably bind the estrogen receptor, indicating that they have different binding pockets. Collectively, these findings will offer new insights into understanding the mechanisms by which EDCs produce combined toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bing-Jie Ma
- Faculty of Printing and Packaging and Digital Media, Xi' an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Yu-Shun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ju Chen
- Faculty of Printing and Packaging and Digital Media, Xi' an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Faculty of Printing and Packaging and Digital Media, Xi' an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yong-Zhong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan-Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Masisi BK, El Ansari R, Alfarsi L, Fakroun A, Erkan B, Ibrahim A, Toss M, Ellis IO, Rakha EA, Green AR. Tripartite Motif-Containing 2, a Glutamine Metabolism-Associated Protein, Predicts Poor Patient Outcome in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treated with Chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1949. [PMID: 38893070 PMCID: PMC11171213 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16111949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) remains heterogeneous in terms of prognosis and response to treatment. Metabolic reprogramming is a critical part of oncogenesis and a potential therapeutic target. Glutaminase (GLS), which generates glutamate from glutamine, plays a role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, targeting GLS directly may be difficult, as it is essential for normal cell function. This study aimed to determine potential targets in BC associated with glutamine metabolism and evaluate their prognostic value in BC. METHODS The iNET model was used to identify genes in BC that are associated with GLS using RNA-sequencing data. The prognostic significance of tripartite motif-containing 2 (TRIM2) mRNA was assessed in BC transcriptomic data (n = 16,575), and TRIM2 protein expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry (n = 749) in patients with early-stage invasive breast cancer with long-term follow-up. The associations between TRIM2 expression and clinicopathological features and patient outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS Pathway analysis identified TRIM2 expression as an important gene co-expressed with high GLS expression in BC. High TRIM2 mRNA and TRIM2 protein expression were associated with TNBC (p < 0.01). TRIM2 was a predictor of poor distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in TNBC (p < 0.01), and this was independent of established prognostic factors (p < 0.05), particularly in those who received chemotherapy (p < 0.05). In addition, TRIM2 was a predictor of shorter DMFS in TNBC treated with chemotherapy (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of an association between TRIM2 and poor patient outcomes in TNBC, especially those treated with chemotherapy. The molecular mechanisms and functional behaviour of TRIM2 and the functional link with GLS in BC warrant further exploration using in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendah K. Masisi
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Rokaya El Ansari
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Lutfi Alfarsi
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ali Fakroun
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Busra Erkan
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Asmaa Ibrahim
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michael Toss
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ian O. Ellis
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Emad A. Rakha
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Andrew R. Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Patel R, Cooper DE, Kadakia KT, Allen A, Duan L, Luo L, Williams NT, Liu X, Locasale JW, Kirsch DG. Targeting glutamine metabolism improves sarcoma response to radiation therapy in vivo. Commun Biol 2024; 7:608. [PMID: 38769385 PMCID: PMC11106276 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Diverse tumor metabolic phenotypes are influenced by the environment and genetic lesions. Whether these phenotypes extend to rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and how they might be leveraged to design new therapeutic approaches remains an open question. Thus, we utilized a Pax7Cre-ER-T2/+; NrasLSL-G12D/+; p53fl/fl (P7NP) murine model of sarcoma with mutations that most frequently occur in human embryonal RMS. To study metabolism, we infuse 13C-labeled glucose or glutamine into mice with sarcomas and show that sarcomas consume more glucose and glutamine than healthy muscle tissue. However, we reveal a marked shift from glucose consumption to glutamine metabolism after radiation therapy (RT). In addition, we show that inhibiting glutamine, either through genetic deletion of glutaminase (Gls1) or through pharmacological inhibition of glutaminase, leads to significant radiosensitization in vivo. This causes a significant increase in overall survival for mice with Gls1-deficient compared to Gls1-proficient sarcomas. Finally, Gls1-deficient sarcomas post-RT elevate levels of proteins involved in natural killer cell and interferon alpha/gamma responses, suggesting a possible role of innate immunity in the radiosensitization of Gls1-deficient sarcomas. Thus, our results indicate that glutamine contributes to radiation response in a mouse model of RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutulkumar Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daniel E Cooper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Box 3085, Duke Cancer Center, Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Kushal T Kadakia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Box 3085, Duke Cancer Center, Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Annamarie Allen
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Box 3813, 308 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Likun Duan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Box 3813, 308 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Box 7622, 128 Polk Hall, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Lixia Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Box 3085, Duke Cancer Center, Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Nerissa T Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Box 3085, Duke Cancer Center, Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Box 7622, 128 Polk Hall, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Box 3813, 308 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Box 7622, 128 Polk Hall, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Box 3085, Duke Cancer Center, Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Box 3813, 308 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Suite 504, Toronto, ON, M5T 1P5, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Room 15-701, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
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5
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Holbert CE, Casero RA, Stewart TM. Polyamines: the pivotal amines in influencing the tumor microenvironment. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:173. [PMID: 38761252 PMCID: PMC11102423 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular proliferation, function and survival is reliant upon maintaining appropriate intracellular polyamine levels. Due to increased metabolic needs, cancer cells elevate their polyamine pools through coordinated metabolism and uptake. High levels of polyamines have been linked to more immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TME) as polyamines support the growth and function of many immunosuppressive cell types such as MDSCs, macrophages and regulatory T-cells. As cancer cells and other pro-tumorigenic cell types are highly dependent on polyamines for survival, pharmacological modulation of polyamine metabolism is a promising cancer therapeutic strategy. This review covers the roles of polyamines in various cell types of the TME including both immune and stromal cells, as well as how competition for nutrients, namely polyamine precursors, influences the cellular landscape of the TME. It also details the use of polyamines as biomarkers and the ways in which polyamine depletion can increase the immunogenicity of the TME and reprogram tumors to become more responsive to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra E Holbert
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Casero
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tracy Murray Stewart
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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6
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Xu J, Zhang X, Yang G, Sun W, Wang W, Mi C. Analysis of differentially expressed proteins in lymph fluids related to lymphatic metastasis in a breast cancer rabbit model guided by contrast‑enhanced ultrasound. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:143. [PMID: 38385114 PMCID: PMC10879953 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify differentially expressed proteins in the lymph fluid of rabbits with breast cancer lymphatic metastasis compared with healthy rabbits and to analyze and verify these proteins using proteomics technologies. In the process of breast cancer metastasis, the composition of the lymph fluid will also change. Rabbits with breast cancer lymph node metastasis and normal rabbits were selected for analysis. Lymph fluid was extracted under the guidance of percutaneous contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Label-free quantitative proteomics was used to detect and compare differences between the rabbit cancer model and healthy rabbits and differential protein expression results were obtained. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analysis software, selecting the most significantly differentially expressed proteins. Finally, parallel reaction monitoring technology was applied for validation. A total of 547 significantly differentially expressed proteins were found in the present study, which included 371 upregulated proteins and 176 downregulated proteins. The aforementioned genes were mainly involved in various cellular and metabolic pathways, including upregulated proteins, such as biliverdin reductase A and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 and downregulated proteins, such as pyridoxal kinase. The upregulated proteins protein disulfide-isomerase 3, protein kinase cAMP-dependent type I regulatory subunit α and ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 4 participated in immune regulation, endocrine regulation and anti-tumor drug resistance regulation, respectively. Compared with healthy rabbits, rabbits with breast cancer metastasis differentially expressed of a number of different proteins in their lymph, which participate in the pathophysiological process of tumor occurrence and metastasis. Through further research, these differential proteins can be used as predictive indicators of breast cancer metastasis and new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachao Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750003, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750003, P.R. China
| | - Guangfei Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750003, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750003, P.R. China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750003, P.R. China
| | - Chengrong Mi
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750003, P.R. China
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7
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Farook MR, Croxford Z, Morgan S, Horlock AD, Holt AK, Rees A, Jenkins BJ, Tse C, Stanton E, Davies DM, Thornton CA, Jones N, Sheldon IM, Vincent EE, Cronin JG. Loss of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 supports proline-dependent proliferation and collagen biosynthesis in ovarian cancer. Mol Metab 2024; 81:101900. [PMID: 38354856 PMCID: PMC10885617 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The pyruvate transporter MPC1 (mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1) acts as a tumour-suppressor, loss of which correlates with a pro-tumorigenic phenotype and poor survival in several tumour types. In high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC), patients display copy number loss of MPC1 in around 78% of cases and reduced MPC1 mRNA expression. To explore the metabolic effect of reduced expression, we demonstrate that depleting MPC1 in HGSOC cell lines drives expression of key proline biosynthetic genes; PYCR1, PYCR2 and PYCR3, and biosynthesis of proline. We show that altered proline metabolism underpins cancer cell proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and type I and type VI collagen formation in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, exploring The Cancer Genome Atlas, we discovered the PYCR3 isozyme to be highly expressed in a third of HGSOC patients, which was associated with more aggressive disease and diagnosis at a younger age. Taken together, our study highlights that targeting proline metabolism is a potential therapeutic avenue for the treatment of HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rufaik Farook
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Zack Croxford
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Steffan Morgan
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony D Horlock
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Amy K Holt
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - April Rees
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin J Jenkins
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Tse
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Stanton
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - D Mark Davies
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, South-West Wales Cancer Centre, Singleton Hospital, Swansea SA2 8QA, UK
| | - Catherine A Thornton
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Jones
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - I Martin Sheldon
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Emma E Vincent
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - James G Cronin
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom.
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8
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Choudhury D, Rong N, Senthil Kumar HV, Swedick S, Samuel RZ, Mehrotra P, Toftegaard J, Rajabian N, Thiyagarajan R, Podder AK, Wu Y, Shahini S, Seldeen KL, Troen B, Lei P, Andreadis ST. Proline restores mitochondrial function and reverses aging hallmarks in senescent cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113738. [PMID: 38354087 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of cellular senescence, with the loss of mitochondrial function identified as a potential causal factor contributing to senescence-associated decline in cellular functions. Our recent findings revealed that ectopic expression of the pluripotency transcription factor NANOG rejuvenates dysfunctional mitochondria of senescent cells by rewiring metabolic pathways. In this study, we report that NANOG restores the expression of key enzymes, PYCR1 and PYCR2, in the proline biosynthesis pathway. Additionally, senescent mesenchymal stem cells manifest severe mitochondrial respiratory impairment, which is alleviated through proline supplementation. Proline induces mitophagy by activating AMP-activated protein kinase α and upregulating Parkin expression, enhancing mitochondrial clearance and ultimately restoring cell metabolism. Notably, proline treatment also mitigates several aging hallmarks, including DNA damage, senescence-associated β-galactosidase, inflammatory cytokine expressions, and impaired myogenic differentiation capacity. Overall, this study highlights the role of proline in mitophagy and its potential in reversing senescence-associated mitochondrial dysfunction and aging hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanik Choudhury
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Na Rong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | | | - Sydney Swedick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Ronel Z Samuel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Pihu Mehrotra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - John Toftegaard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Nika Rajabian
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Ramkumar Thiyagarajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Ashis K Podder
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Yulun Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Shahryar Shahini
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Kenneth L Seldeen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Bruce Troen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Pedro Lei
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Stelios T Andreadis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Center for Cell, Gene and Tissue Engineering (CGTE), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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9
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Zakic T, Pekovic-Vaughan V, Cvoro A, Korac A, Jankovic A, Korac B. Redox and metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer and cancer-associated adipose tissue. FEBS Lett 2023. [PMID: 38140817 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Redox and metabolic processes are tightly coupled in both physiological and pathological conditions. In cancer, their integration occurs at multiple levels and is characterized by synchronized reprogramming both in the tumor tissue and its specific but heterogeneous microenvironment. In breast cancer, the principal microenvironment is the cancer-associated adipose tissue (CAAT). Understanding how the redox-metabolic reprogramming becomes coordinated in human breast cancer is imperative both for cancer prevention and for the establishment of new therapeutic approaches. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of the redox profiles and regulation of intermediary metabolism in breast cancer while considering the tumor and CAAT of breast cancer as a unique Warburg's pseudo-organ. As cancer is now recognized as a systemic metabolic disease, we have paid particular attention to the cell-specific redox-metabolic reprogramming and the roles of estrogen receptors and circadian rhythms, as well as their crosstalk in the development, growth, progression, and prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zakic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vanja Pekovic-Vaughan
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, William Henry Duncan Building, University of Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Aleksandra Jankovic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bato Korac
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Serbia
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10
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Vidula N, Yau C, Rugo HS. Glutaminase (GLS1) gene expression in primary breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2023; 30:1079-1084. [PMID: 37679553 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-023-01502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor growth is mediated in part by glutamine, and glutaminase is an enzyme necessary for glutamine catabolism. We studied glutaminase (GLS1) gene expression in primary breast cancer to determine correlations with clinical and tumor characteristics, and gene associations in publicly available databases. A better understanding of glutaminase gene expression may help guide further exploration of glutaminase inhibitors in breast cancer. METHODS GLS1 mRNA levels were evaluated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 817) and METABRIC (n = 1992) datasets. Associations between GLS1 and tumor subtype (ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey test for pairwise comparisons) and selected genes involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer (Pearson's correlations) were determined in both datasets. In METABRIC, associations with overall survival (Cox proportional hazard model) were determined. For all analyses, p < 0.05 was the threshold for statistical significance. RESULTS GLS1 expression was significantly higher in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) than hormone receptor (HR) +/HER2- and HER2+ breast cancer (p < 0.001) and basal versus luminal A, luminal B, and HER2 enriched breast cancer (p < 0.001) in both datasets. In METABRIC, higher GLS1 expression was associated with improved overall survival (HR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85-0.97, p = 0.005) and this association remained significant in the TNBC subset (HR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.71-0.98, p = 0.032). GLS1 had significant positive gene correlations with immune, proliferative, and basal genes, and inverse correlations with luminal genes and genes involved in metabolism. CONCLUSION GLS1 expression is highest in TNBC and basal breast cancer, supporting ongoing clinical investigation of GLS1 inhibition in TNBC. GLS1 may have prognostic implications but further research is needed to validate this finding. GLS1 had significant positive gene correlations with immune genes, which may have implications for potential combinations of glutaminase inhibition and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Vidula
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Bartlett Hall Extension 1-215, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Christina Yau
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hope S Rugo
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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11
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Bel’skaya LV, Gundyrev IA, Solomatin DV. The Role of Amino Acids in the Diagnosis, Risk Assessment, and Treatment of Breast Cancer: A Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7513-7537. [PMID: 37754258 PMCID: PMC10527988 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45090474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the role of amino acids in the diagnosis, risk assessment, imaging, and treatment of breast cancer. It was shown that the content of individual amino acids changes in breast cancer by an average of 10-15% compared with healthy controls. For some amino acids (Thr, Arg, Met, and Ser), an increase in concentration is more often observed in breast cancer, and for others, a decrease is observed (Asp, Pro, Trp, and His). The accuracy of diagnostics using individual amino acids is low and increases when a number of amino acids are combined with each other or with other metabolites. Gln/Glu, Asp, Arg, Leu/Ile, Lys, and Orn have the greatest significance in assessing the risk of breast cancer. The variability in the amino acid composition of biological fluids was shown to depend on the breast cancer phenotype, as well as the age, race, and menopausal status of patients. In general, the analysis of changes in the amino acid metabolism in breast cancer is a promising strategy not only for diagnosis, but also for developing new therapeutic agents, monitoring the treatment process, correcting complications after treatment, and evaluating survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila V. Bel’skaya
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Omsk State Pedagogical University, 644099 Omsk, Russia;
| | - Ivan A. Gundyrev
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Omsk State Pedagogical University, 644099 Omsk, Russia;
| | - Denis V. Solomatin
- Department of Mathematics and Mathematics Teaching Methods, Omsk State Pedagogical University, 644043 Omsk, Russia;
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12
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Song W, Li Z, Yang K, Gao Z, Zhou Q, Li P. Antisense lncRNA-RP11-498C9.13 promotes bladder cancer progression by enhancing reactive oxygen species-induced mitophagy. J Gene Med 2023; 25:e3527. [PMID: 37382425 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary system's most prevalent malignant tumor is bladder cancer. The enzyme pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) has pro-tumorigenic characteristics. In the present study, the upstream and downstream regulatory mechanisms of PYCR1 in bladder cancer were investigated. METHODS The relationship between the expression of PYCR1 in bladder cancer and its prognosis was analyzed using a bioinformatics technique. Plasmid transfection and small interfering RNA were utilized to overexpress and silence genes, respectively. Utilizing MTT, colony formation, EdU, and transwell assays, the proliferation and invasiveness of bladder cancer cells were evaluated. Employing an RNA pull-down experiment and RNA immunoprecipitation, the relationship between RNAs was analyzed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting were used to detect protein expression and localization. Flow cytometry was used to identify reactive species (ROS) expression in cells. Mitophagy was detected using immunofluorescence. RESULTS PYCR1 was highly expressed in bladder cancer tissue and was related with a poor prognosis for the patient. By binding to PYCR1, the antisense RNA lncRNA-RP11-498C9.13 prevented the degradation of PYCR1 and promoted its production. Down-regulation of lncRNA-RP11-498C9.13 and PYCR1 inhibited the proliferation and invasiveness of bladder cancer cells and decreased tumorigenesis. In addition, it was found that the lncRNA-RP11-498C9.13/PYCR1 axis promoted ROS generation and induced mitophagy in bladder cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that lncRNA-RP11-498C9.13 promoted bladder cancer tumorigenesis by stabilizing the mRNA of PYCR1 and promoted ROS-induced mitophagy. The lncRNA-RP11-498C9.13/PYCR1/mitophagy axis was anticipated to be a significant therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhiyong Gao
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ping Li
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
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13
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Martino F, Lupi M, Giraudo E, Lanzetti L. Breast cancers as ecosystems: a metabolic perspective. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:244. [PMID: 37561190 PMCID: PMC10415483 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04902-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and one of the major causes of cancer death. Despite enormous progress in its management, both from the therapeutic and early diagnosis viewpoints, still around 700,000 patients succumb to the disease each year, worldwide. Late recurrency is the major problem in BC, with many patients developing distant metastases several years after the successful eradication of the primary tumor. This is linked to the phenomenon of metastatic dormancy, a still mysterious trait of the natural history of BC, and of several other types of cancer, by which metastatic cells remain dormant for long periods of time before becoming reactivated to initiate the clinical metastatic disease. In recent years, it has become clear that cancers are best understood if studied as ecosystems in which the impact of non-cancer-cell-autonomous events-dependent on complex interaction between the cancer and its environment, both local and systemic-plays a paramount role, probably as significant as the cell-autonomous alterations occurring in the cancer cell. In adopting this perspective, a metabolic vision of the cancer ecosystem is bound to improve our understanding of the natural history of cancer, across space and time. In BC, many metabolic pathways are coopted into the cancer ecosystem, to serve the anabolic and energy demands of the cancer. Their study is shedding new light on the most critical aspect of BC management, of metastatic dissemination, and that of the related phenomenon of dormancy and fostering the application of the knowledge to the development of metabolic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Martino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Mariadomenica Lupi
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Giraudo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Letizia Lanzetti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Turin, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy.
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14
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Edwards DN. Amino Acid Metabolism in Bone Metastatic Disease. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:344-353. [PMID: 37277592 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Breast and prostate tumors frequently metastasize to the bone, but the underlying mechanisms for osteotropism remain elusive. An emerging feature of metastatic progression is metabolic adaptation of cancer cells to new environments. This review will summarize the recent advances on how cancer cells utilize amino acid metabolism during metastasis, from early dissemination to interactions with the bone microenvironment. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have suggested that certain metabolic preferences for amino acids may be associated with bone metastasis. Once in the bone microenvironment, cancer cells encounter a favorable microenvironment, where a changing nutrient composition of the tumor-bone microenvironment may alter metabolic interactions with bone-resident cells to further drive metastatic outgrowth. Enhanced amino acid metabolic programs are associated with bone metastatic disease and may be further augmented by the bone microenvironment. Additional studies are necessary to fully elucidate the role of amino acid metabolism on bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna N Edwards
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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15
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Murali R, Balasubramaniam V, Srinivas S, Sundaram S, Venkatraman G, Warrier S, Dharmarajan A, Gandhirajan RK. Deregulated Metabolic Pathways in Ovarian Cancer: Cause and Consequence. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040560. [PMID: 37110218 PMCID: PMC10141515 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers are tumors that originate from the different cells of the ovary and account for almost 4% of all the cancers in women globally. More than 30 types of tumors have been identified based on the cellular origins. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most common and lethal type of ovarian cancer which can be further divided into high-grade serous, low-grade serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous carcinoma. Ovarian carcinogenesis has been long attributed to endometriosis which is a chronic inflammation of the reproductive tract leading to progressive accumulation of mutations. Due to the advent of multi-omics datasets, the consequences of somatic mutations and their role in altered tumor metabolism has been well elucidated. Several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been implicated in the progression of ovarian cancer. In this review, we highlight the genetic alterations undergone by the key oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes responsible for the development of ovarian cancer. We also summarize the role of these oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and their association with a deregulated network of fatty acid, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid and amino acid metabolism in ovarian cancers. Identification of genomic and metabolic circuits will be useful in clinical stratification of patients with complex etiologies and in identifying drug targets for personalized therapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopak Murali
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Vaishnavi Balasubramaniam
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Satish Srinivas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Sandhya Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560065, India
- Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd., Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Rajesh Kumar Gandhirajan
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
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16
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Colonna MB, Moss T, Mokashi S, Srikanth S, Jones JR, Foley JR, Skinner C, Lichty A, Kocur A, Wood T, Stewart TM, Casero Jr. RA, Flanagan-Steet H, Edison AS, Lyons MJ, Steet R. Functional assessment of homozygous ALDH18A1 variants reveals alterations in amino acid and antioxidant metabolism. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:732-744. [PMID: 36067040 PMCID: PMC9941824 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mono- and bi-allelic variants in ALDH18A1 cause a spectrum of human disorders associated with cutaneous and neurological findings that overlap with both cutis laxa and spastic paraplegia. ALDH18A1 encodes the bifunctional enzyme pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) that plays a role in the de novo biosynthesis of proline and ornithine. Here we characterize a previously unreported homozygous ALDH18A1 variant (p.Thr331Pro) in four affected probands from two unrelated families, and demonstrate broad-based alterations in amino acid and antioxidant metabolism. These four patients exhibit variable developmental delay, neurological deficits and loose skin. Functional characterization of the p.Thr331Pro variant demonstrated a lack of any impact on the steady-state level of the P5CS monomer or mitochondrial localization of the enzyme, but reduced incorporation of the monomer into P5CS oligomers. Using an unlabeled NMR-based metabolomics approach in patient fibroblasts and ALDH18A1-null human embryonic kidney cells expressing the variant P5CS, we identified reduced abundance of glutamate and several metabolites derived from glutamate, including proline and glutathione. Biosynthesis of the polyamine putrescine, derived from ornithine, was also decreased in patient fibroblasts, highlighting the functional consequence on another metabolic pathway involved in antioxidant responses in the cell. RNA sequencing of patient fibroblasts revealed transcript abundance changes in several metabolic and extracellular matrix-related genes, adding further insight into pathogenic processes associated with impaired P5CS function. Together these findings shed new light on amino acid and antioxidant pathways associated with ALDH18A1-related disorders, and underscore the value of metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling to discover new pathways that impact disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell B Colonna
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Tonya Moss
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jackson R Foley
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | | | - Angie Lichty
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | | | - Tim Wood
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tracy Murray Stewart
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Robert A Casero Jr.
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | | | - Arthur S Edison
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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17
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Xia J, Li S, Liu S, Zhang L. Aldehyde dehydrogenase in solid tumors and other diseases: Potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e195. [PMID: 36694633 PMCID: PMC9842923 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) contains 19 isozymes and is involved in the oxidation of endogenous and exogenous aldehydes to carboxylic acids, which contributes to cellular and tissue homeostasis. ALDHs play essential parts in detoxification, biosynthesis, and antioxidants, which are of important value for cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in normal body tissues. However, ALDHs are frequently dysregulated and associated with various diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and especially solid tumors. Notably, the involvement of the ALDHs in tumor progression is responsible for the maintenance of the stem-cell-like phenotype, triggering rapid and aggressive clinical progressions. ALDHs have captured increasing attention as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Nevertheless, these require further longitudinal clinical studies in large populations for broad application. This review summarizes our current knowledge regarding ALDHs as potential biomarkers in tumors and several non-tumor diseases, as well as recent advances in our understanding of the functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of ALDHs in disease development. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of ALDHs in diseases, especially in tumor therapy with an emphasis on their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xia
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Siqin Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lixing Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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18
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Zheng X, Ma H, Wang J, Huang M, Fu D, Qin L, Yin Q. Energy metabolism pathways in breast cancer progression: The reprogramming, crosstalk, and potential therapeutic targets. Transl Oncol 2022; 26:101534. [PMID: 36113343 PMCID: PMC9482139 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a malignant tumor that seriously endangers health in women. BC, like other cancers, is accompanied by metabolic reprogramming. Among energy metabolism-related pathways, BC exhibits enhanced glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), glutamate metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism activities. These pathways facilitate the proliferation, growth and migration of BC cells. The progression of BC is closely related to the alterations in the activity or expression level of several metabolic enzymes, which are regulated by the intrinsic factors such as the key signaling and transcription factors. The metabolic reprogramming in the progression of BC is attributed to the aberrant expression of the signaling and transcription factors associated with the energy metabolism pathways. Understanding the metabolic mechanisms underlying the development of BC will provide a druggable potential for BC treatment and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Zheng
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Haodi Ma
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Mengjiao Huang
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Dongliao Fu
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Qinan Yin
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
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19
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Serum amino acids quantification by plasmonic colloidosome-coupled MALDI-TOF MS for triple-negative breast cancer diagnosis. Mater Today Bio 2022; 17:100486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Greer YE, Hernandez L, Fennell EMJ, Kundu M, Voeller D, Chari R, Gilbert SF, Gilbert TSK, Ratnayake S, Tang B, Hafner M, Chen Q, Meerzaman D, Iwanowicz E, Annunziata CM, Graves LM, Lipkowitz S. Mitochondrial Matrix Protease ClpP Agonists Inhibit Cancer Stem Cell Function in Breast Cancer Cells by Disrupting Mitochondrial Homeostasis. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:1144-1161. [PMID: 36388465 PMCID: PMC9645232 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifaceted organelles which are important for bioenergetics, biosynthesis and signaling in metazoans. Mitochondrial functions are frequently altered in cancer to promote both the energy and the necessary metabolic intermediates for biosynthesis required for tumor growth. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to chemotherapy resistance, relapse, and metastasis. Recent studies have shown that while non-stem, bulk cancer cells utilize glycolysis, breast CSCs are more dependent on oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) and therefore targeting mitochondria may inhibit CSC function. We previously reported that small molecule ONC201, which is an agonist for the mitochondrial caseinolytic protease (ClpP), induces mitochondrial dysfunction in breast cancer cells. In this study, we report that ClpP agonists inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation and CSC function in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that OxPhos inhibition downregulates multiple pathways required for CSC function, such as the mevalonate pathway, YAP, Myc, and the HIF pathway. ClpP agonists showed significantly greater inhibitory effect on CSC functions compared with other mitochondria-targeting drugs. Further studies showed that ClpP agonists deplete NAD(P)+ and NAD(P)H, induce redox imbalance, dysregulate one-carbon metabolism and proline biosynthesis. Downregulation of these pathways by ClpP agonists further contribute to the inhibition of CSC function. In conclusion, ClpP agonists inhibit breast CSC functions by disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis in breast cancer cells and inhibiting multiple pathways critical to CSC function. Significance ClpP agonists disrupt mitochondrial homeostasis by activating mitochondrial matrix protease ClpP. We report that ClpP agonists inhibit cell growth and cancer stem cell functions in breast cancer models by modulating multiple metabolic pathways essential to cancer stem cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily M. J. Fennell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD
| | | | - Thomas S. K. Gilbert
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Shashikala Ratnayake
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Binwu Tang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, NIH
| | - Markus Hafner
- RNA Molecular Biology Group, Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Qingrong Chen
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Daoud Meerzaman
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | | | | | - Lee M. Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
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21
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Wei X, Zhang X, Wang S, Wang Y, Ji C, Yao L, Song N. PYCR1 regulates glutamine metabolism to construct an immunosuppressive microenvironment for the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:3780-3798. [PMID: 36119844 PMCID: PMC9442018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is critical for the setup of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Glutamine has slipped into the focus of research of cancer metabolism, but its role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains vague. Our study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of glutamine in ccRCC and its prognostic value. Gene expression profiles and clinical data of ccRCC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used for survival analysis. Consensus clustering was used to extract differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to glutamine metabolism. Functional analyses, including gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), were conducted to elucidate the functions and pathways involved in these DEGs. The single-sample GSEA and Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumor tissues using Expression data (ESTIMATE) methods were applied to estimate the immune infiltration in the TMEs of two clusters. The univariate regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression were used to construct a prognostic signature. R software was utilized to analyze the expression levels and prognostic values of genes in ccRCC. A total of 19 glutamine metabolic genes (GMGs) were screened out for differential expression analysis of normal and ccRCC tissues. Based on survival-related GMGs, two glutamine metabolic clusters with different clinical and transcriptomic characteristics were identified. Patients in cluster B exhibited worse survivals, higher immune infiltration scores, more significant immunosuppressive cell infiltration, higher expression levels of immune checkpoints, and more enriched oncogenic pathways. Glutamine metabolic index (GMI) was constructed according to the GMGs and survival data. In addition, the expression levels of GMGs were associated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoints in the TME of ccRCC. Among the GMGs, PYCR1 was the most powerful regulator of immune TME. Our analysis revealed higher-level glutamine metabolism in ccRCC patients with a worse prognosis. The GMI could predict the prognosis of ccRCC patients with a high accuracy. GMGs, such as PYCR1, may be exploited to design novel immunotherapies for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyi Wei
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yichun Wang
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengjian Ji
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liangyu Yao
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ninghong Song
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
- The Affiliated Kezhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityKezhou 845350, Xinjiang, China
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22
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The crosstalk of the human microbiome in breast and colon cancer: A metabolomics analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 176:103757. [PMID: 35809795 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome's role in colon and breast cancer is described in this review. Understanding how the human microbiome and metabolomics interact with breast and colon cancer is the chief area of this study. First, the role of the gut and distal microbiome in breast and colon cancer is investigated, and the direct relationship between microbial dysbiosis and breast and colon cancer is highlighted. This work also focuses on the many metabolomic techniques used to locate prospective biomarkers, make an accurate diagnosis, and research new therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. This review clarifies the influence of anti-tumor medications on the microbiota and the proactive measures that can be taken to treat cancer using a variety of therapies, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, next-generation biotherapeutics, gene-based therapy, integrated omics technology, and machine learning.
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23
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Xiao S, Yao X, Ye J, Tian X, Yin Z, Zhou L. Epigenetic modification facilitates proline synthase PYCR1 aberrant expression in gastric cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2022; 1865:194829. [PMID: 35654390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2022.194829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) upregulation contributes to the progression of gastric cancer (GC) and indicates poor survival. However, PYCR1 expression profile in GC subtypes and the mechanism behind its upregulation are not well-studied. METHODS PYCR1 expression profiles in GC subtypes and different stages of gastric carcinogenesis were assessed in different GC cohorts. Genetic alterations and epigenetic modulation in PYCR1 regulation were further investigated using bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experiments. RESULTS PYCR1 expression was significantly higher in intestinal-type GC and associated molecular subtypes in TCGA and ACRG GC cohorts. During the cascade of intestinal-type GC, PYCR1 was continuously increased from normal gastric tissues through to atrophic gastritis, to intraepithelial neoplasia, and to GC. Copy number alterations in PYCR1 were associated with PYCR1 transcript expression. One CpG island was observed in PYCR1 promoter region, and the hypomethylation occurred at this region could contribute to PYCR1 transcriptional activation in GC. Besides, H3K27ac combination was found in PYCR1 promoter, and acetyltransferase p300 induced H3K27ac could promote PYCR1 expression in GC. CONCLUSIONS PYCR1 expression varies across GC subtypes, with intestinal-type GC and associated molecular subtypes having the highest expression. Hypomethylation at CpG sites and p300-induced H3K27ac modification within PYCR1 promoter could contribute to maintaining PYCR1 overexpression in GC. These results provide us with a new insight into epigenetic modulation in mitochondrial proline metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyu Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, China
| | - Juxiang Ye
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xueli Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihao Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, China
| | - Liya Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, China.
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24
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Clemente V, Hoshino A, Shetty M, Nelson A, Erickson BK, Baker R, Rubin N, Khalifa M, Weroha SJ, Lou E, Bazzaro M. GLS1 is a protective factor in patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma and its expression does not correlate with ARID1A-mutated tumors. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:784-794. [PMID: 36082022 PMCID: PMC9451103 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Targeting glutamine metabolism has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for several human cancers, including ovarian cancer. The primary target of this approach is the kidney isoform of glutaminase, glutaminase 1 (GLS1), a key enzyme in glutamine metabolism that is overexpressed in several human cancers. A first-in-class inhibitor of GLS1, called CB839 (Telaglenastat), has been investigated in several clinical trials, with promising results. The first clinical trial of CB839 in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients is forthcoming. ARID1A-mutated ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a relatively indolent and chemoresistant ovarian cancer histotype. In OCCC-derived cells ARID1A simultaneously drives GLS1 expression and metabolism reprograming. In ARID1A-mutated OCCC-derived mouse models, loss of ARID1A corresponds to GLS1 upregulation and increases sensitivity to GLS1 inhibition. Thus, targeting of GLS1 with CB839 has been suggested as a targeted approach for OCCC patients with tumors harboring ARID1A-mutations. Here, we investigated whether GLS1 is differentially expressed between OCCC patients whose tumors are ARID1A positive and patients whose tumors are ARID1A negative. In clinical specimens of OCCC, we found that GLS1 overexpression was not correlated with ARID1A loss. In addition, GLS1 overexpression was associated with better clinical outcomes. Our findings have implications for human trials using experimental therapeutics targeting GLS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentino Clemente
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Asumi Hoshino
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mihir Shetty
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Andrew Nelson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Britt K. Erickson
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ruth Baker
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Nathan Rubin
- Biostatistics Core, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mahmoud Khalifa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - S. John Weroha
- Departments of Oncology and Molecular Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Emil Lou
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Martina Bazzaro
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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25
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Extensive exploration of the conformational landscapes of neutral and terminally blocked prolines in the gas phase: A density functional theory study. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/17475198221110480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Proline is an important amino acid that plays unique roles in the structures of peptides and proteins. The conformations of proline are searched by a thorough method, generating 3888 trial structures optimized at the B97D/6-311++G** level. A total of 23 conformations are found and their structural and energetic data are presented. All the proline conformers exhibit a coplanar feature for four of the five pyrrolidine ring atoms. The coplanar rule reduces the cost of the conformational search by a factor of 40. The theoretical composition-weighted infrared spectrum provides a good explanation of the experimental results. A conformational search of capped proline yields seven unique conformers, all with trans C-termini peptide planes. The trans C-termini rule further cuts by half the cost of the conformational search of proline-containing peptides. The theoretical composition of the cis N-termini peptide bonds at room temperature is 5.5%, agreeing with the experimental estimations of 3%–10%.
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26
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Xiong Z, Huang W, Zhong W, Fu J, Feng J, Wang X, Ling F. Breast Cancer Subtypes Based on Hypoxia-Related Gene Sets Identify Potential Therapeutic Agents. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:900005. [PMID: 35847977 PMCID: PMC9277110 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.900005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The hypoxic tumor microenvironment was reported to be involved in different tumorigenesis mechanisms of breast cancer (BC). We aimed to establish a hypoxia-related gene signature to identify a new BC subtype through the clustering analysis and explore potential compounds targeting the BC subtypes.Methods: Gene expression data and clinical features of BC and adjacent non-tumor tissues were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas-Breast cancer (TCGA-BRCA) database. We comprehensively revealed the activity changes of Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes (BP) gene sets in BC by gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and identified three hypoxia-related BC subtypes. We then matched the differentially expressed gene profile of each subtype with the gene profile in CMap database to identify the potential agents targeting the BC subtypes.Results: 562 of Gene Ontology biological processes gene sets significantly correlated with hypoxia score in breast cancer. 969 BC patients were clustered into three subtypes based on the enrichment score of hypoxia-associated gene sets. Subtype 1 patients displayed better survival than subtype 2 and 3. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of each subtype was performed based on the unique differential expression genes profile. In subtype 1, the upregulated genes were associated with lipid and amino acid metabolism regulation; in subtype 2, the upregulated genes were associated with metabolic energy regulation, while in subtype 3, the upregulated genes were associated with apoptosis and protein process. Using the CMap database, 55, 111 and 63 compounds were identified, targeting subtype 1, 2, and 3, respectively.Conclusion: In this study, novel hypoxia-related subtypes were developed for patients with BC. In addition, biological processes associated with differential expression genes profile and potential therapeutic target compounds were identified in each subtype. The new classification might provide a better understanding of the role of hypoxia in breast cancer and more individualized treatment for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianchang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jikun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Wang, ; Feihai Ling,
| | - Feihai Ling
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, ZhongShan, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Wang, ; Feihai Ling,
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27
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Cao L, Ren C, Zhang G, Li X, Chen B, Li K, Li C, Mok H, Wang Y, Wen L, Jia M, Wei G, Lin J, Liao N. Characteristics of MYC Amplification and Their Association with Clinicopathological and Molecular Factors in Patients with Breast Cancer. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:521-538. [PMID: 35475703 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC amplification is detected in ∼15% of breast tumors and is associated with poor prognosis by mediating acquired resistance to anticancer therapies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MYC amplifications in Chinese women with breast cancer (BRCA) and investigate the correlation between MYC amplification and clinicopathological and molecular characteristics and its clinical implications. We analyzed MYC alterations in tissue specimens from 410 women diagnosed with BRCA in our hospital from June 1, 2017 to September 27, 2018. We compared our results with publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) BRCA cohort (n = 1079). MYC amplification was identified in 12.4% (51/410) of our cohort, with mean copy number (CN) of 4.42 (range: 2.84-11.27). In TCGA cohort, MYC amplification was identified in 21.2% (229/1079) and was associated with age, estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, and molecular subtype, whereas in our cohort, MYC amplification was associated with smaller tumor size (T1-2, p = 0.023) and higher Ki-67 levels (≥20%; p = 0.031). Analysis of molecular profiles revealed that MYC-amplified breast tumors had significantly more concurrent CN variations compared with MYC nonamplified BRCA in both Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (GDPH) and TCGA cohorts (p < 0.001). Pathway mapping analysis demonstrated that MYC-amplified tumors had more mutations involved in 15 different but interrelated pathways critical in DNA repair, cell cycle, and cell proliferation. Patients in TCGA cohort with MYC-amplified hormone receptor (HR)-positive/HER2-positive BRCA (p = 0.038) and MYC nonamplified triple-negative BRCA (p = 0.027) had significantly shorter overall survival. In conclusion, this study contributes to a better understanding that MYC-amplified breast tumors had distinct clinicopathological and molecular features compared with MYC nonamplified breast tumors. Further research with a larger sample size is necessary to further elucidate the clinical and survival implications of MYC amplifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongyang Ren
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guochun Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuerui Li
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheukfai Li
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hsiaopei Mok
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulei Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingzhu Wen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghan Jia
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangnan Wei
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Lin
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Liao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Wu X, Li R, Xu Q, Liu F, Jiang Y, Zhang M, Tong M. Identification of key genes and pathways between mild-moderate and severe asthmatics via bioinformatics analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2549. [PMID: 35169275 PMCID: PMC8847662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06675-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe asthma is the main reason for death and disability caused by asthma. However, effective biomarkers for severe asthma have not been identified. Here, we aimed to identify potential biomarkers in severe asthma. We identified 202 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between severe asthma and mild-moderate asthma after integrating the results from GSE69683 and GSE27011 datasets. The enrichment analysis indicated that 202 DEGs were associated with metabolism- and immune-related processes. 10 hub genes were identified by Cytoscape and five of these genes’ AUC (area under the curve) values were greater than 0.6 in GSE69683. The AUC value reached to 0.701 when combined SEC61A1 and ALDH18A1 expression. The expression of the five hub genes was verified in an external dataset. The network analysis revealed that transcription factor (TF) WT1, ZEB1, RERE, FOSL1, and miR-20a may be involved in the development of asthma. In addition, we found cyclosporine and acetaminophen could interact with these hub genes and may be negatively associated with most of the five hub genes according to previous reports. Overall, key genes were identified between mild-moderate and severe asthmatics, which contributed to the understanding of the development of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Wu
- Department of Child Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qu Xu
- Department of Child Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Child Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Child Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Child Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China.
| | - Meiling Tong
- Department of Child Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China.
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29
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Cava C, Armaos A, Lang B, Tartaglia GG, Castiglioni I. Identification of long non-coding RNAs and RNA binding proteins in breast cancer subtypes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:693. [PMID: 35027621 PMCID: PMC8758778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04664-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease classified into four main subtypes with different clinical outcomes, such as patient survival, prognosis, and relapse. Current genetic tests for the differential diagnosis of BC subtypes showed a poor reproducibility. Therefore, an early and correct diagnosis of molecular subtypes is one of the challenges in the clinic. In the present study, we identified differentially expressed genes, long non-coding RNAs and RNA binding proteins for each BC subtype from a public dataset applying bioinformatics algorithms. In addition, we investigated their interactions and we proposed interacting biomarkers as potential signature specific for each BC subtype. We found a network of only 2 RBPs (RBM20 and PCDH20) and 2 genes (HOXB3 and RASSF7) for luminal A, a network of 21 RBPs and 53 genes for luminal B, a HER2-specific network of 14 RBPs and 30 genes, and a network of 54 RBPs and 302 genes for basal BC. We validated the signature considering their expression levels on an independent dataset evaluating their ability to classify the different molecular subtypes with a machine learning approach. Overall, we achieved good performances of classification with an accuracy >0.80. In addition, we found some interesting novel prognostic biomarkers such as RASSF7 for luminal A, DCTPP1 for luminal B, DHRS11, KLC3, NAGS, and TMEM98 for HER2, and ABHD14A and ADSSL1 for basal. The findings could provide preliminary evidence to identify putative new prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for individual breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cava
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Via F.Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate-Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alexandros Armaos
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,RNA System Biology Lab, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Benjamin Lang
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Structural Biology and Center for Data Driven Discovery (C3D), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Gian G Tartaglia
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,RNA System Biology Lab, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy.,Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Castiglioni
- Department of Physics "Giuseppe Occhialini", University of Milan-Bicocca Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1 - 20126, Milan, Italy
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30
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Corchado-Cobos R, García-Sancha N, Mendiburu-Eliçabe M, Gómez-Vecino A, Jiménez-Navas A, Pérez-Baena MJ, Holgado-Madruga M, Mao JH, Cañueto J, Castillo-Lluva S, Pérez-Losada J. Pathophysiological Integration of Metabolic Reprogramming in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020322. [PMID: 35053485 PMCID: PMC8773662 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumors exhibit metabolic changes that differentiate them from the normal tissues from which they derive. These metabolic changes favor tumor growth, are primarily induced by cancer cells, and produce metabolic and functional changes in the surrounding stromal cells. There is a close functional connection between the metabolic changes in tumor cells and those that appear in the surrounding stroma. A better understanding of intratumoral metabolic interactions may help identify new vulnerabilities that will facilitate new, more individualized treatment strategies against cancer. We review the metabolic changes described in tumor and stromal cells and their functional changes and then consider, in depth, the metabolic interactions between the cells of the two compartments. Although these changes are generic, we illustrate them mainly with reference to examples in breast cancer. Abstract Metabolic changes that facilitate tumor growth are one of the hallmarks of cancer. The triggers of these metabolic changes are located in the tumor parenchymal cells, where oncogenic mutations induce an imperative need to proliferate and cause tumor initiation and progression. Cancer cells undergo significant metabolic reorganization during disease progression that is tailored to their energy demands and fluctuating environmental conditions. Oxidative stress plays an essential role as a trigger under such conditions. These metabolic changes are the consequence of the interaction between tumor cells and stromal myofibroblasts. The metabolic changes in tumor cells include protein anabolism and the synthesis of cell membranes and nucleic acids, which all facilitate cell proliferation. They are linked to catabolism and autophagy in stromal myofibroblasts, causing the release of nutrients for the cells of the tumor parenchyma. Metabolic changes lead to an interstitium deficient in nutrients, such as glucose and amino acids, and acidification by lactic acid. Together with hypoxia, they produce functional changes in other cells of the tumor stroma, such as many immune subpopulations and endothelial cells, which lead to tumor growth. Thus, immune cells favor tissue growth through changes in immunosuppression. This review considers some of the metabolic changes described in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Corchado-Cobos
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Natalia García-Sancha
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Marina Mendiburu-Eliçabe
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Aurora Gómez-Vecino
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Jiménez-Navas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Manuel Jesús Pérez-Baena
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Marina Holgado-Madruga
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
- Berkeley Biomedical Data Science Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Javier Cañueto
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sonia Castillo-Lluva
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.C.-L.); (J.P-L.)
| | - Jesús Pérez-Losada
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Correspondence: (S.C.-L.); (J.P-L.)
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Bogner AN, Stiers KM, Tanner JJ. Structure, biochemistry, and gene expression patterns of the proline biosynthetic enzyme pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR), an emerging cancer therapy target. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1817-1834. [PMID: 34003320 PMCID: PMC8599497 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proline metabolism features prominently in the unique metabolism of cancer cells. Proline biosynthetic genes are consistently upregulated in multiple cancers, while the proline catabolic enzyme proline dehydrogenase has dual, context-dependent pro-cancer and pro-apoptotic functions. Furthermore, the cycling of proline and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate through the proline cycle impacts cellular growth and death pathways by maintaining redox homeostasis between the cytosol and mitochondria. Here we focus on the last enzyme of proline biosynthesis, Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase, known as PYCR in humans. PYCR catalyzes the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to proline and forms the reductive half of the proline metabolic cycle. We review the research on the three-dimensional structure, biochemistry, inhibition, and cancer biology of PYCR. To provide a global view of PYCR gene upregulation in cancer, we mined RNA transcript databases to analyze differential gene expression in 28 cancer types. This analysis revealed strong, widespread upregulation of PYCR genes, especially PYCR1. Altogether, the research over the past 20 years makes a compelling case for PYCR as a cancer therapy target. We conclude with a discussion of some of the major challenges for the field, including developing isoform-specific inhibitors, elucidating the function of the long C-terminus of PYCR1/2, and characterizing the interactome of PYCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Bogner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Kyle M Stiers
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - John J Tanner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Coronel-Hernández J, Pérez-Yépez EA, Delgado-Waldo I, Contreras-Romero C, Jacobo-Herrera N, Cantú-De León D, Pérez-Plasencia C. Aberrant Metabolism as Inductor of Epigenetic Changes in Breast Cancer: Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Oncol 2021; 11:676562. [PMID: 34692471 PMCID: PMC8531643 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.676562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant metabolism is arising interest in the scientific community not only because of the role it plays in the development and establishment of the tumor mass but also the possibility of drug poisoning of key enzymes overexpressed in tumor cells. Moreover, tumor metabolism provides key molecules to maintain the epigenetic changes that are also an undisputed characteristic of each tumor type. This metabolic change includes the Warburg effect and alterations in key pathways involved in glutaminolysis, pentose phosphate, and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Modifications in all these pathways have consequences that impact genetics and epigenetics processes such as DNA methylation patterns, histone post-translational modifications, triggering oncogenes activation, and loss in tumor suppressor gene expression to lead the tumor establishment. In this review, we describe the metabolic rearrangement and its association with epigenetic regulation in breast cancer, as well as its implication in biological processes involved in cancer progression. A better understanding of these processes could help to find new targets for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of this human health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eloy Andrés Pérez-Yépez
- Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico.,Cátedra-CONACYT, Dirección de Cátedras, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Nadia Jacobo-Herrera
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Cantú-De León
- Unidad de Investigación en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Pérez-Plasencia
- Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Prognostic value of glutaminase 1 in breast cancer depends on H3K27me3 expression and menopausal status. Virchows Arch 2021; 480:259-267. [PMID: 34562173 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glutaminase 1 (GLS) is a therapeutic target for breast cancer; although GLS inhibitors have been developed, only a few subjects responded well to the therapy. Considering that the expression of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and menopausal status was closely linked to GLS, we examined the effects of H3K27me3 and menopausal status on GLS to breast cancer prognosis. Data for 962 women diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer were analyzed. H3K27me3 and GLS expression in tumors were evaluated with tissue microarrays by immunohistochemistry. Hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival and progression-free survival were estimated using Cox regression models. Statistical interaction was assessed on multiplicative scale. There was a beneficial prognostic effect of GLS expression on overall survival for those with low H3K27me3 level (HR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.20-1.28) but an adverse prognostic effect for those with high H3K27me3 level (HR = 3.90, 95% CI: 1.29-11.78) among premenopausal women, and the statistical interaction was significant (Pinteraction = 0.003). Similar pattern was further observed for progression-free survival (HR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.20-0.95 for low H3K27me3 level, HR = 1.35, 95% CI: 0.74-2.48 for high H3K27me3 level, Pinteraction = 0.024). The statistical interaction did not occur among postmenopausal women. Our study showed that the prognostic effects of GLS on breast cancer correlated to the expression level of H3K27me3 and menopausal status, which would help optimize the medication strategies of GLS inhibitors.
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Zhang T, Liu Y, Liu W, Li Q, Hou W, Huang Y, Lv P, Meng L, Li Y, Jia Y, Liu X, Zuo Z. Increased PYCR1 mRNA predicts poor prognosis in kidney adenocarcinoma: A study based on TCGA database. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27145. [PMID: 34559102 PMCID: PMC8462611 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) plays important roles in cancers, but its contribution to adenocarcinoma of the kidney (AK) and the potential mechanism remain to be clarified. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the relationship between PYCR1 mRNA and AK based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database.PYCR1 mRNA in AK and normal tissues was compared using Wilcoxon rank sum test. The relationship between PYCR1 mRNA and clinicopathological characters was evaluated using logistic regression. The association between PYCR1 mRNA and survival rate was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier test and Cox regression of univariate and multivariate analysis. Additionally, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was conducted to annotate the biological function of PYCR1 mRNA.Increased PYCR1 mRNA was found in AK tissues. Increased PYCR1 mRNA was related to high histologic grade, clinical stage, and lymph node and distant metastasis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and univariate analysis showed that AK patients with increased PYCR1 mRNA had worse prognosis than those without. PYCR1 mRNA remained independently associated with overall survival (HR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.07-1.66; P = .009) in multivariate analysis. The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis suggested that ribosome, proteasome, inhibition of p53 signaling pathway, extracellular matrix receptor interaction, and homologous recombination were differentially enriched in increased PYCR1 mRNA phenotype.Increased PYCR1 mRNA is a potential marker in patients with AK. More importantly, p53 pathway, ribosome, proteasome, extracellular matrix receptor interaction, and homologous are differentially enriched in AK patients with increased PYCR1 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Qunwang Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Pan Lv
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Lu Meng
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yinhua Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yunge Jia
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xuezheng Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhongfu Zuo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Fukano M, Park M, Deblois G. Metabolic Flexibility Is a Determinant of Breast Cancer Heterogeneity and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4699. [PMID: 34572926 PMCID: PMC8467722 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer progression is characterized by changes in cellular metabolism that contribute to enhanced tumour growth and adaptation to microenvironmental stresses. Metabolic changes within breast tumours are still poorly understood and are not as yet exploited for therapeutic intervention, in part due to a high level of metabolic heterogeneity within tumours. The metabolic profiles of breast cancer cells are flexible, providing dynamic switches in metabolic states to accommodate nutrient and energy demands and further aggravating the challenges of targeting metabolic dependencies in cancer. In this review, we discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that contribute to metabolic heterogeneity of breast tumours. Next, we examine how metabolic flexibility, which contributes to the metabolic heterogeneity of breast tumours, can alter epigenetic landscapes and increase a variety of pro-tumorigenic functions. Finally, we highlight the difficulties in pharmacologically targeting the metabolic adaptations of breast tumours and provide an overview of possible strategies to sensitize heterogeneous breast tumours to the targeting of metabolic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fukano
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada;
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute (GCI), McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada;
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute (GCI), McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Geneviève Deblois
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute (GCI), McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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MYC Rules: Leading Glutamine Metabolism toward a Distinct Cancer Cell Phenotype. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174484. [PMID: 34503295 PMCID: PMC8431116 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the last decade, metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a driving characteristic of cancer cells. The MYC oncogene, a transcription factor, has become of growing interest as a fundamental driver of differential cancer cell metabolism. Furthermore, the non-essential amino acid glutamine is deemed to be an important nutrient for cancer cells. In fact, glutamine can integrate into a wide variety of metabolic pathways, from energy metabolism to nucleotide synthesis. This review offers a comprehensive and specific overview of recent discoveries in the regulation of MYC oncogene activation on glutamine metabolism in cancer cells. Abstract Metabolic reprogramming and deregulated cellular energetics are hallmarks of cancer. The aberrant metabolism of cancer cells is thought to be the product of differential oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene inactivation. MYC is one of the most important oncogenic drivers, its activation being reported in a variety of cancer types and sub-types, among which are the most prevalent and aggressive of all malignancies. This review aims to offer a comprehensive overview and highlight the importance of the c-Myc transcription factor on the regulation of metabolic pathways, in particular that of glutamine and glutaminolysis. Glutamine can be extensively metabolized into a variety of substrates and be integrated in a complex metabolic network inside the cell, from energy metabolism to nucleotide and non-essential amino acid synthesis. Together, understanding metabolic reprogramming and its underlying genetic makeup, such as MYC activation, allows for a better understanding of the cancer cell phenotype and thus of the potential vulnerabilities of cancers from a metabolic standpoint.
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Masisi BK, El Ansari R, Alfarsi L, Craze ML, Jewa N, Oldfield A, Cheung H, Toss M, Rakha EA, Green AR. The Biological and Clinical Significance of Glutaminase in Luminal Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163963. [PMID: 34439127 PMCID: PMC8391318 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Certain nutrients are needed by cancers to grow. Some breast cancers need the nutrient glutamine to grow and without it they don’t grow as quickly. In this study, we wanted to know the role of an enzyme, glutaminase, which is a substance produced by the body that breaks down glutamine so it can be used by cancers to grow. This enzyme occurs as two different types but we don’t know what their roles are in breast cancer. We therefore looked at the two types of enzyme in over 7000 breast cancers. We found that patients with high amounts of enzyme in early forms of breast cancer died earlier. Therefore, this enzyme has an important role in breast cancer and could be used to identify cancers which will get worse. We also think that using a drug to stop this enzyme will stop cancers growing. More studies are needed to confirm this. Abstract The glutamine metabolism has a key role in the regulation of uncontrolled tumour growth. This study aimed to evaluate the expression and prognostic significance of glutaminase in luminal breast cancer (BC). The glutaminase isoforms (GLS/GLS2) were assessed at genomic/transcriptomic levels, using METABRIC (n = 1398) and GeneMiner datasets (n = 4712), and protein using immunohistochemistry in well-characterised cohorts of Oestrogen receptor-positive/HER2-negative BC patients: ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS; n = 206) and invasive breast cancer (IBC; n = 717). Glutaminase expression was associated with clinicopathological features, patient outcome and glutamine-metabolism-related genes. In DCIS, GLS alone and GLS+/GLS2- expression were risk factors for shorter local recurrence-free interval (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.001, respectively) and remained prognostic factors independent of tumour size, grade and comedo necrosis (p = 0.0008 and p = 0.003, respectively). In IBC, GLS gene copy number gain with high mRNA expression was associated with poor patient outcome (p = 0.011), whereas high GLS2 protein was predictive of a longer disease-free survival (p = 0.006). Glutaminase plays a role in the biological function of luminal BC, particularly GLS in the early non-invasive stage, which could be used as a potential biomarker to predict disease progression and a target for inhibition. Further validation is required to confirm these observations, and functional assessments are needed to explore their specific roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendah K. Masisi
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (B.K.M.); (R.E.A.); (L.A.); (M.L.C.); (N.J.); (A.O.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (E.A.R.)
| | - Rokaya El Ansari
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (B.K.M.); (R.E.A.); (L.A.); (M.L.C.); (N.J.); (A.O.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (E.A.R.)
| | - Lutfi Alfarsi
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (B.K.M.); (R.E.A.); (L.A.); (M.L.C.); (N.J.); (A.O.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (E.A.R.)
| | - Madeleine L. Craze
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (B.K.M.); (R.E.A.); (L.A.); (M.L.C.); (N.J.); (A.O.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (E.A.R.)
| | - Natasha Jewa
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (B.K.M.); (R.E.A.); (L.A.); (M.L.C.); (N.J.); (A.O.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (E.A.R.)
| | - Andrew Oldfield
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (B.K.M.); (R.E.A.); (L.A.); (M.L.C.); (N.J.); (A.O.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (E.A.R.)
| | - Hayley Cheung
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (B.K.M.); (R.E.A.); (L.A.); (M.L.C.); (N.J.); (A.O.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (E.A.R.)
| | - Michael Toss
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (B.K.M.); (R.E.A.); (L.A.); (M.L.C.); (N.J.); (A.O.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (E.A.R.)
| | - Emad A. Rakha
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (B.K.M.); (R.E.A.); (L.A.); (M.L.C.); (N.J.); (A.O.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (E.A.R.)
- Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Andrew R. Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (B.K.M.); (R.E.A.); (L.A.); (M.L.C.); (N.J.); (A.O.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (E.A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1158231407
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Wang S, Gu L, Huang L, Fang J, Liu Z, Xu Q. The upregulation of PYCR2 is associated with aggressive colon cancer progression and a poor prognosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 572:20-26. [PMID: 34332325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PYCR2 has previously been shown to be related to a range of malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma, but its mechanistic functions and prognostic relevance in colon cancer patients remain to be defined. Herein, we used the Oncomine, Human Protein Atlas, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and UALCAN databases to explore the expression of this gene in different human cancer, after which the relationship between PYCR2 expression and patient clinicopathologic characteristics was evaluated. We utilized an in vitro approach to evaluate the association between PYCR2 expression and colon cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor microsphere formation. The cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) approaches were additionally used to probe signaling pathways related to PYCR2. These analyses confirmed that PYCR2 was upregulated in several cancer types including colon cancer, with such upregulation correlating with a poor patient prognosis and with malignant clinicopathological characteristics. PYCR2 expression was identified as an independent predictor of colon cancer patients' survival, and in vitro analyses suggested that knocking down this gene was sufficient to disrupt the proliferative, migratory, invasive, and microsphere formation activities of colon cancer cells. Moreover, shPYCR2 transfection induced colon cancer cell apoptosis. GSEA suggested that high PYCR2 expression correlates with the differential enrichment of the Wnt β-catenin signaling, MYC targets, RNA polymerase, and Notch signaling pathways. Overall, these data indicate that PYCR2 is an important mediator of tumor progression and metastasis, and suggest that it may be a valuable prognostic indicator for colon cancer patient evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Linaer Gu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Juemin Fang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuqing Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
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Pietkiewicz D, Klupczynska-Gabryszak A, Plewa S, Misiura M, Horala A, Miltyk W, Nowak-Markwitz E, Kokot ZJ, Matysiak J. Free Amino Acid Alterations in Patients with Gynecological and Breast Cancer: A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080731. [PMID: 34451829 PMCID: PMC8400482 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynecological and breast cancers still remain a significant health problem worldwide. Diagnostic methods are not sensitive and specific enough to detect the disease at an early stage. During carcinogenesis and tumor progression, the cellular need for DNA and protein synthesis increases leading to changes in the levels of amino acids. An important role of amino acids in many biological pathways, including biosynthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes, etc., which serve as an energy source and maintain redox balance, has been highlighted in many research articles. The aim of this review is a detailed analysis of the literature on metabolomic studies of gynecology and breast cancers with particular emphasis on alterations in free amino acid profiles. The work includes a brief overview of the metabolomic methodology and types of biological samples used in the studies. Special attention was paid to the possible role of selected amino acids in the carcinogenesis, especially proline and amino acids related to its metabolism. There is a clear need for further research and multiple external validation studies to establish the role of amino acid profiling in diagnosing gynecological and breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Pietkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.P.); (A.K.-G.); (S.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Klupczynska-Gabryszak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.P.); (A.K.-G.); (S.P.)
| | - Szymon Plewa
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.P.); (A.K.-G.); (S.P.)
| | - Magdalena Misiura
- Department of Analysis and Bioanalysis of Medicines, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (M.M.); (W.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Horala
- Gynecologic Oncology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (A.H.); (E.N.-M.)
| | - Wojciech Miltyk
- Department of Analysis and Bioanalysis of Medicines, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (M.M.); (W.M.)
| | - Ewa Nowak-Markwitz
- Gynecologic Oncology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (A.H.); (E.N.-M.)
| | - Zenon J. Kokot
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Calisia University, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland;
| | - Jan Matysiak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.P.); (A.K.-G.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence:
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40
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Li Y, Bie J, Song C, Liu M, Luo J. PYCR, a key enzyme in proline metabolism, functions in tumorigenesis. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1841-1850. [PMID: 34273023 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR), the last enzyme in proline synthesis that converts P5C into proline, was found promoting cancer growth and inhibiting apoptosis through multiple approaches, including regulating cell cycle and redox homeostasis, and promoting growth signaling pathways. Proline is abnormally up-regulated in multiple cancers and becomes one of the critical players in the reprogramming of cancer metabolism. As the last key enzymes in proline generation, PYCRs have been the subject of many investigations, and have been demonstrated to play an indispensable role in promoting tumorigenesis and cancer progression. In this article, we will thoroughly review the recent investigations on PYCRs in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Juntao Bie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chen Song
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
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41
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Kocher F, Tymoszuk P, Amann A, Sprung S, Salcher S, Daum S, Haybaeck J, Rinnerthaler G, Huemer F, Kauffmann-Guerrero D, Tufman A, Seeber A, Wolf D, Pircher A. Deregulated glutamate to pro-collagen conversion is associated with adverse outcome in lung cancer and may be targeted by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) inhibition. Lung Cancer 2021; 159:84-95. [PMID: 34315093 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor-microenvironment (TME) represents an attractive therapeutic target in NSCLC and plays an important role for efficacy of cancer therapeutics. We hypothesized that upregulation of collagen synthesis might be associated with adverse outcome in NSCLC. Literature evidence suggests that renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) decrease collagen deposition. Therefore, we aimed to explore the prognostic role of RASi intake and their influence on the TME in NSCLC. METHODS Four publicly available datasets were used to evaluate the impact of key enzymes involved in collagen biosynthesis. To investigate the influence of RASi intake on the TME and prognosis we evaluated a cohort of metastatic NSCLC patients and performed histopathological characterization of the TME. A three-dimensional microtissue in vitro model was developed to define the impact of RASi on collagen synthesis. RESULTS Expression of three genes of the collagen synthesis pathway, ALDH18A1, PLOD2 and P4HA1, was upregulated in NSCLC compared to normal lung tissue and linked to shortened overall survival in all investigated cohorts. Together, these genes formed a 'Collagen Signature' which represents an independent unfavourable prognostic factor in two NSCLC cohorts and was linked to alterations of the extracellular matrix deposition and cell cycle pathways. In the cohort of metastatic NSCLC, RASi intake was linked to improved overall response rate and survival. Exploratory in vitro experiments revealed that RASi led to a dose dependent reduction of collagen deposition and degradation of three-dimensional lung cancer cell spheroids. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that collagen synthesis is a key upregulated process in the NSCLC TME and its transcriptional readout, the three gene Collagen Signature is independently associated with poor outcome. Pharmacological targeting of this pathways e.g. by RASi bears potential of improving outcome in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kocher
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Haematology & Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Laboratory for Immunotherapy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Data Analytics Service Tirol, daas.tirol, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arno Amann
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Haematology & Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Sprung
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Salcher
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Haematology & Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sophia Daum
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Haematology & Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriel Rinnerthaler
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Center for Clinical Cancer and Immunology Trials (CCCIT), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Florian Huemer
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Center for Clinical Cancer and Immunology Trials (CCCIT), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Diego Kauffmann-Guerrero
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Thoracic Oncology, Thoracic Oncology Center Munich, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Amanda Tufman
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Thoracic Oncology, Thoracic Oncology Center Munich, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Seeber
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Haematology & Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Haematology & Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Pircher
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Haematology & Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Chen K, Guo L, Wu C. How signaling pathways link extracellular mechano-environment to proline biosynthesis: A hypothesis: PINCH-1 and kindlin-2 sense mechanical signals from extracellular matrix and link them to proline biosynthesis. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100116. [PMID: 34218442 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We propose a signaling pathway in which cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion components PINCH-1 and kindlin-2 sense mechanical signals from ECM and link them to proline biosynthesis, a vital metabolic pathway for macromolecule synthesis, redox balance, and ECM remodeling. ECM stiffening promotes PINCH-1 expression via integrin signaling, which suppresses dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) expression and mitochondrial fission, resulting in increased kindlin-2 translocation into mitochondria and interaction with Δ1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase 1 (PYCR1). Kindlin-2 interaction with PYCR1 protects the latter from proteolytic degradation, leading to elevated PYCR1 level. Additionally, PINCH-1 promotes P5C synthase (P5CS) expression and P5C synthesis, which, together with increased PYCR1 level, support augmented proline biosynthesis. This signaling pathway is frequently activated in fibrosis and cancer, resulting in increased proline biosynthesis and excessive collagen matrix production, which in turn further promotes ECM stiffening. Targeting this signaling pathway, therefore, may provide an effective strategy for alleviating fibrosis and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Chen
- Greater Bay Biomedical InnoCenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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43
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Xu Y, Zuo W, Wang X, Zhang Q, Gan X, Tan N, Jia W, Liu J, Li Z, Zhou B, Zhao D, Xie Z, Tan Y, Zheng S, Liu C, Li H, Chen Z, Yang X, Huang Z. Deciphering the effects of PYCR1 on cell function and its associated mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2223-2239. [PMID: 34239351 PMCID: PMC8241733 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) has been associated with the development of certain cancers; however, no studies have specifically examined the role of PYCR1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas expression array and meta-analysis conducted using the Gene Expression Omnibus database, we determined that PYCR1 was upregulated in HCC compared to adjacent nontumor tissues (P < 0.05). These data were verified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry analysis. Additionally, patients with low PYCR1 expression showed a higher overall survival rate than patients with high PYCR1 expression. Furthermore, PYCR1 overexpression was associated with the female sex, higher levels of alpha-fetoprotein, advanced clinical stages (III and IV), and a younger age (< 45 years old). Silencing of PYCR1 inhibited cell proliferation, invasive migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastatic properties in HCC in vitro and in vivo. Using RNA sequencing and bioinformatics tools for data-dependent network analysis, we found binary relationships among PYCR1 and its interacting proteins in defined pathway modules. These findings indicated that PYCR1 played a multifunctional role in coordinating a variety of biological pathways involved in cell communication, cell proliferation and growth, cell migration, a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, ion binding, etc. The structural characteristics of key pathway components and PYCR1-interacting proteins were evaluated by molecular docking, and hotspot analysis showed that better affinities between PYCR1 and its interacting molecules were associated with the presence of arginine in the binding site. Finally, a candidate regulatory microRNA, miR-2355-5p, for PYCR1 mRNA was discovered in HCC. Overall, our study suggests that PYCR1 plays a vital role in HCC pathogenesis and may potentially serve as a molecular target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Xu
- Department of pathology, Affiliated hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310000, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenpu Zuo
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Qinle Zhang
- Genetic and metabolic central laboratory, the maternal and children's health hospital of Guangxi, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiang Gan
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Ning Tan
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenxian Jia
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhouquan Li
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhibin Xie
- Department of Urology, the Five Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanjun Tan
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Shengfeng Zheng
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Chengwu Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhaoquan Huang
- Department of pathology, Affiliated hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
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Kuo MT, Chen HHW, Feun LG, Savaraj N. Targeting the Proline-Glutamine-Asparagine-Arginine Metabolic Axis in Amino Acid Starvation Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14010072. [PMID: 33477430 PMCID: PMC7830038 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proline, glutamine, asparagine, and arginine are conditionally non-essential amino acids that can be produced in our body. However, they are essential for the growth of highly proliferative cells such as cancers. Many cancers express reduced levels of these amino acids and thus require import from the environment. Meanwhile, the biosynthesis of these amino acids is inter-connected but can be intervened individually through the inhibition of key enzymes of the biosynthesis of these amino acids, resulting in amino acid starvation and cell death. Amino acid starvation strategies have been in various stages of clinical applications. Targeting asparagine using asparaginase has been approved for treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Targeting glutamine and arginine starvations are in various stages of clinical trials, and targeting proline starvation is in preclinical development. The most important obstacle of these therapies is drug resistance, which is mostly due to reactivation of the key enzymes involved in biosynthesis of the targeted amino acids and reprogramming of compensatory survival pathways via transcriptional, epigenetic, and post-translational mechanisms. Here, we review the interactive regulatory mechanisms that control cellular levels of these amino acids for amino acid starvation therapy and how drug resistance is evolved underlying treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macus Tien Kuo
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Helen H. W. Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;
| | - Lynn G. Feun
- Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Niramol Savaraj
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Miami Veterans Affairs Heaithcare System, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
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45
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Wang L, Zhang S, Wang X. The Metabolic Mechanisms of Breast Cancer Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 10:602416. [PMID: 33489906 PMCID: PMC7817624 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.602416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancy among women worldwide. Metastasis is mainly responsible for treatment failure and is the cause of most breast cancer deaths. The role of metabolism in the progression and metastasis of breast cancer is gradually being emphasized. However, the regulatory mechanisms that conduce to cancer metastasis by metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer have not been expounded. Breast cancer cells exhibit different metabolic phenotypes depending on their molecular subtypes and metastatic sites. Both intrinsic factors, such as MYC amplification, PIK3CA, and TP53 mutations, and extrinsic factors, such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, and acidosis, contribute to different metabolic reprogramming phenotypes in metastatic breast cancers. Understanding the metabolic mechanisms underlying breast cancer metastasis will provide important clues to develop novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shizhen Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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46
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Zhang D, Xu X, Ye Q. Metabolism and immunity in breast cancer. Front Med 2020; 15:178-207. [PMID: 33074528 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies that seriously threaten women's health. In the process of the malignant transformation of breast cancer, metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion represent the two main fascinating characteristics of cancer and facilitate cancer cell proliferation. Breast cancer cells generate energy through increased glucose metabolism. Lipid metabolism contributes to biological signal pathways and forms cell membranes except energy generation. Amino acids act as basic protein units and metabolic regulators in supporting cell growth. For tumor-associated immunity, poor immunogenicity and heightened immunosuppression cause breast cancer cells to evade the host's immune system. For the past few years, the complex mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion are deeply investigated, and the genes involved in these processes are used as clinical therapeutic targets for breast cancer. Here, we review the recent findings related to abnormal metabolism and immune characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, their links, and relevant therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Zhang
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Qinong Ye
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100850, China.
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47
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Kazberuk A, Zareba I, Palka J, Surazynski A. A novel plausible mechanism of NSAIDs-induced apoptosis in cancer cells: the implication of proline oxidase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1152-1160. [PMID: 32710395 PMCID: PMC7550302 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although pharmaco-epidemiological studies provided evidence for the anticancer potential of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the mechanism of their anti-cancer activity is not known. Several lines of evidence suggest that proline dehydrogenase/proline oxidase (PRODH/POX) may represent a target for NSAIDs-dependent anti-cancer activity. PRODH/POX catalyzes conversion of proline into Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate releasing ATP or reactive oxygen species for autophagy/apoptosis. Since NSAIDs are ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARs) and PPARs are implicated in PRODH/POX-dependent apoptosis we provided a hypothesis on the mechanism of NSAIDs-induced apoptosis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kazberuk
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Ilona Zareba
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Jerzy Palka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Surazynski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
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Guo L, Cui C, Wang J, Yuan J, Yang Q, Zhang P, Su W, Bao R, Ran J, Wu C. PINCH-1 regulates mitochondrial dynamics to promote proline synthesis and tumor growth. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4913. [PMID: 33004813 PMCID: PMC7529891 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprograming of proline metabolism is critical for tumor growth. Here we show that PINCH-1 is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma and promotes proline synthesis through regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Knockout (KO) of PINCH-1 increases dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) expression and mitochondrial fragmentation, which suppresses kindlin-2 mitochondrial translocation and interaction with pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1), resulting in inhibition of proline synthesis and cell proliferation. Depletion of DRP1 reverses PINCH-1 deficiency-induced defects on mitochondrial dynamics, proline synthesis and cell proliferation. Furthermore, overexpression of PYCR1 in PINCH-1 KO cells restores proline synthesis and cell proliferation, and suppresses DRP1 expression and mitochondrial fragmentation. Finally, ablation of PINCH-1 from lung adenocarcinoma in mouse increases DRP1 expression and inhibits PYCR1 expression, proline synthesis, fibrosis and tumor growth. Our results identify a signaling axis consisting of PINCH-1, DRP1 and PYCR1 that regulates mitochondrial dynamics and proline synthesis, and suggest an attractive strategy for alleviation of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Chunhong Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jifan Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingyang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruolu Bao
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingchao Ran
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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49
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D'Aniello C, Patriarca EJ, Phang JM, Minchiotti G. Proline Metabolism in Tumor Growth and Metastatic Progression. Front Oncol 2020; 10:776. [PMID: 32500033 PMCID: PMC7243120 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells show a formidable capacity to survive under stringent conditions, to elude mechanisms of control, such as apoptosis, and to resist therapy. Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to support uncontrolled proliferation and metastatic progression. Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity are hallmarks of cancer cells, which endow them with aggressiveness, metastatic capacity, and resistance to therapy. This heterogeneity is regulated by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli including those from the tumor microenvironment. Increasing evidence points to a key role for the metabolism of non-essential amino acids in this complex scenario. Here we discuss the impact of proline metabolism in cancer development and progression, with particular emphasis on the enzymes involved in proline synthesis and catabolism, which are linked to pathways of energy, redox, and anaplerosis. In particular, we emphasize how proline availability influences collagen synthesis and maturation and the acquisition of cancer cell plasticity and heterogeneity. Specifically, we propose a model whereby proline availability generates a cycle based on collagen synthesis and degradation, which, in turn, influences the epigenetic landscape and tumor heterogeneity. Therapeutic strategies targeting this metabolic-epigenetic axis hold great promise for the treatment of metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina D'Aniello
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso”, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Eduardo J. Patriarca
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso”, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - James M. Phang
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Gabriella Minchiotti
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso”, CNR, Naples, Italy
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50
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El Ansari R, Alfarsi L, Craze ML, Masisi BK, Ellis IO, Rakha EA, Green AR. The solute carrier SLC7A8 is a marker of favourable prognosis in ER-positive low proliferative invasive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 181:1-12. [PMID: 32200487 PMCID: PMC7182634 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease consisting of various subtypes, with different prognostic and therapeutic outcomes. The amino acid transporter, SLC7A8, is overexpressed in oestrogen receptor-positive BC. However, the consequence of this overexpression, in terms of disease prognosis, is still obscure. This study aimed to evaluate the biological and prognostic value of SLC7A8 in BC with emphasis on the intrinsic molecular subtypes. METHODS SLC7A8 was assessed at the genomic, using METABRIC data (n = 1980), and proteomic, using immunohistochemistry and TMA (n = 1562), levels in well-characterised primary BC cohorts. SLC7A8 expression was examined with clinicopathological parameters, molecular subtypes, and patient outcome. RESULTS SLC7A8 mRNA and SLC7A8 protein expression were strongly associated with good prognostic features, including small tumour size, low tumour grade, and good Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) (all P < 0.05). Expression of SLC7A8 mRNA was higher in luminal tumours compared to other subtypes (P < 0.001). High expression of SLC7A8 mRNA and SLC7A8 protein was associated with good patient outcome (P ≤ 0.001) but only in the low proliferative ER+/luminal A tumours (P = 0.01). In multivariate analysis, SLC7A8 mRNA and SLC7A8 protein were independent factors for longer breast cancer specific survival (P = 0.01 and P = 0.03), respectively. CONCLUSION SLC7A8 appears to play a role in BC and is a marker for favourable prognosis in the most predominant, ER+ low proliferative/luminal A, BC subtype. Functional assessment is necessary to reveal the specific role played by SLC7A8 in ER+ BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokaya El Ansari
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Lutfi Alfarsi
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Madeleine L Craze
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Brendah K Masisi
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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