1
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Zhang J, He W, Liu D, Zhang W, Qin H, Zhang S, Cheng A, Li Q, Wang F. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2-mediated metabolism promotes lung tumorigenesis by inhibiting mitochondrial-associated apoptotic cell death. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1434988. [PMID: 39193344 PMCID: PMC11347759 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1434988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background It is unknown how cancer cells override apoptosis and maintain progression under nutrition-deprived conditions within the tumor microenvironment. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK or PCK) catalyzes the first rate-limiting reaction in gluconeogenesis, which is an essential metabolic alteration that is required for the proliferation of cancer cells under glucose-limited conditions. However, if PCK-mediated gluconeogenesis affects apoptotic cell death of non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its potential mechanisms remain unknown. Methods RNA-seq, Western blot and RT-PCR were performed in A549 cell lines cultured in medium containing low or high concentrations of glucose (1 mM vs. 20 mM) to gain insight into how cancer cells rewire their metabolism under glucose-restriction conditions. Stable isotope tracing metabolomics technology (LC-MS) was employed to allow precise quantification of metabolic fluxes of the TCA cycle regulated by PCK2. Flow Cytometry was used to assess the rates of early and later apoptosis and mitochondrial ROS in NSCLC cells. Transwell assays and luciferase-based in vivo imaging were used to determine the role of PCK2 in migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. Xenotransplants on BALB/c nude mice to evaluate the effects of PCK2 on tumor growth in vivo. Western blot, Immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assays to evaluate the protein levels of mitochondrial apoptosis. Results This study report that the mitochondrial resident PCK (PCK2) is upregulated in dependent of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) upon glucose deprivation in NSCLC cells. Further, the study finds that PCK2-mediated metabolism is required to decrease the burden of the TCA cycles and oxidative phosphorylation as well as the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. These metabolic alterations in turn reduce the activation of Caspase9-Caspase3-PARP signal pathway which drives apoptotic cell death. Importantly, silencing PCK2 increases apoptosis of NSCLC cells under low glucose condition and inhibits tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion In summary, PCK2-mediated metabolism is an important metabolic adaptation for NSCLC cells to acquire resistance to apoptosis under glucose deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan He
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Wenyu Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Qin
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ailan Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feilong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Bhowmick T, Biswas S, Mukherjee A. Cellular response during cellular starvation: A battle for cellular survivability. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4101. [PMID: 39049191 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Cellular starvation occurs when a cell is deprived of nutrition and oxygen availability. The genesis of this state of deprivation is exclusively contingent upon the inadequacy in the supply of essential components, namely amino acids, glucose, and oxygen. Consequently, the impact of this altered condition manifests in the regulation of cellular respiratory, metabolic, and stress responses. Subsequently, as a reactive outcome, cell death may transpire through mechanisms such as autophagy or apoptosis, particularly under prolonged circumstances. However, the cell combats such situations by evolving altered activity in their metabolic and protein level. Modulated signaling cascades help them to conquer starvation. But as in a prolonged condition, the battle that a cell has to evolve will come into and result in the form of cellular death. Therefore, in cancer therapy, cellular starvation may also act as a possible way out so that the cancer cell can undergo its death pathway in an induced starved condition. This review has collectively depicted the mechanism of cellular starvation. Besides this, the cellular response in this starved condition has also been summarized. Gaining such knowledge of the causation of cell starvation and cellular response during starvation not only generates new insight into the mechanism of cell survivability but also may act as a beneficial role in combating cellular diseases like cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tithi Bhowmick
- Department of Zoology, Charuchandra College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Avinaba Mukherjee
- Department of Zoology, Charuchandra College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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3
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Lekkala VKR, Kang SY, Liu J, Shrestha S, Acharya P, Joshi P, Zolfaghar M, Lee M, Vanga MG, Jamdagneya P, Pagnis S, Kundi A, Kabbur S, Kim UT, Yang Y, Lee MY. A Pillar/Perfusion Plate Enhances Cell Growth, Reproducibility, Throughput, and User Friendliness in Dynamic 3D Cell Culture. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3478-3488. [PMID: 38695610 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Static three-dimensional (3D) cell culture has been demonstrated in ultralow attachment well plates, hanging droplet plates, and microtiter well plates with hydrogels or magnetic nanoparticles. Although it is simple, reproducible, and relatively inexpensive, thus potentially used for high-throughput screening, statically cultured 3D cells often suffer from a necrotic core due to limited nutrient and oxygen diffusion and waste removal and have a limited in vivo-like tissue structure. Here, we overcome these challenges by developing a pillar/perfusion plate platform and demonstrating high-throughput, dynamic 3D cell culture. Cell spheroids were loaded on the pillar plate with hydrogel by simple sandwiching and encapsulation and cultured dynamically in the perfusion plate on a digital rocker. Unlike traditional microfluidic devices, fast flow velocity was maintained within perfusion wells and the pillar plate was separated from the perfusion plate for cell-based assays. It was compatible with common lab equipment and allowed cell culture, testing, staining, and imaging in situ. The pillar/perfusion plate enhanced cell growth by rapid diffusion, reproducibility, assay throughput, and user friendliness in a dynamic 3D cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soo-Yeon Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Jiafeng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Sunil Shrestha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Prabha Acharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Pranav Joshi
- Bioprinting Laboratories, Inc., Dallas, Texas 75234, United States
| | - Mona Zolfaghar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Minseong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Manav Goud Vanga
- Bioprinting Laboratories, Inc., Dallas, Texas 75234, United States
| | - Paarth Jamdagneya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Sohan Pagnis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Arham Kundi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Samarth Kabbur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Ung Tae Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Moo-Yeal Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
- Bioprinting Laboratories, Inc., Dallas, Texas 75234, United States
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Martin SP, Leeman-Markowski BA. Proposed mechanisms of tau: relationships to traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1287545. [PMID: 38249745 PMCID: PMC10797726 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1287545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and epilepsy share proposed mechanisms of injury, including neuronal excitotoxicity, cascade signaling, and activation of protein biomarkers such as tau. Although tau is typically present intracellularly, in tauopathies, phosphorylated (p-) and hyper-phosphorylated (hp-) tau are released extracellularly, the latter leading to decreased neuronal stability and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Tau cleavage at particular sites increases susceptibility to hyper-phosphorylation, NFT formation, and eventual cell death. The relationship between tau and inflammation, however, is unknown. In this review, we present evidence for an imbalanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and inflammatory signaling pathways resulting in atypical p-tau, hp-tau and NFT formation. Further, we propose tau as a biomarker for neuronal injury severity in TBI, AD, and epilepsy. We present a hypothesis of tau phosphorylation as an initial acute neuroprotective response to seizures/TBI. However, if the underlying seizure pathology or TBI recurrence is not effectively treated, and the pathway becomes chronically activated, we propose a "tipping point" hypothesis that identifies a transition of tau phosphorylation from neuroprotective to injurious. We outline the role of amyloid beta (Aβ) as a "last ditch effort" to revert the cell to programmed death signaling, that, when fails, transitions the mechanism from injurious to neurodegenerative. Lastly, we discuss targets along these pathways for therapeutic intervention in AD, TBI, and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha P. Martin
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States
| | - Beth A. Leeman-Markowski
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States
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El Yousfi Y, Mora-Molina R, López-Rivas A, Yerbes R. Role of the YAP/TAZ-TEAD Transcriptional Complex in the Metabolic Control of TRAIL Sensitivity by the Mevalonate Pathway in Cancer Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2370. [PMID: 37830584 PMCID: PMC10571597 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Different studies have reported that inhibiting the mevalonate pathway with statins may increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), although the signaling mechanism leading to this sensitization remains largely unknown. We investigated the role of the YAP (Yes-associated protein)/TAZ (transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif)-TEAD (TEA/ATTS domain) transcriptional complex in the metabolic control of TRAIL sensitivity by the mevalonate pathway. We show that depleting nuclear YAP/TAZ in tumor cells, either via treatment with statins or by silencing YAP/TAZ expression with siRNAs, facilitates the activation of apoptosis by TRAIL. Furthermore, the blockage of TEAD transcriptional activity either pharmacologically or through the ectopic expression of a disruptor of the YAP/TAZ interaction with TEAD transcription factors, overcomes the resistance of tumor cells to the induction of apoptosis by TRAIL. Our results show that the mevalonate pathway controls cellular the FLICE-inhibitory protein (cFLIP) expression in tumor cells. Importantly, inhibiting the YAP/TAZ-TEAD signaling pathway induces cFLIP down-regulation, leading to a marked sensitization of tumor cells to apoptosis induction by TRAIL. Our data suggest that a combined strategy of targeting TEAD activity and selectively activating apoptosis signaling by agonists of apoptotic TRAIL receptors could be explored as a potential therapeutic approach in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes El Yousfi
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain; (Y.E.Y.); (R.M.-M.); (A.L.-R.)
| | - Rocío Mora-Molina
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain; (Y.E.Y.); (R.M.-M.); (A.L.-R.)
| | - Abelardo López-Rivas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain; (Y.E.Y.); (R.M.-M.); (A.L.-R.)
| | - Rosario Yerbes
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain; (Y.E.Y.); (R.M.-M.); (A.L.-R.)
- Medical Physiology and Biophysics Department, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) (Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain
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6
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Kang M, Kang JH, Sim IA, Seong DY, Han S, Jang H, Lee H, Kang SW, Kim SY. Glucose Deprivation Induces Cancer Cell Death through Failure of ROS Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11969. [PMID: 37569345 PMCID: PMC10418724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous work, we showed that cancer cells do not depend on glycolysis for ATP production, but they do on fatty acid oxidation. However, we found some cancer cells induced cell death after glucose deprivation along with a decrease of ATP production. We investigated the different response of glucose deprivation with two types of cancer cells including glucose insensitive cancer cells (GIC) which do not change ATP levels, and glucose sensitive cancer cells (GSC) which decrease ATP production in 24 h. Glucose deprivation-induced cell death in GSC by more than twofold after 12 h and by up to tenfold after 24 h accompanied by decreased ATP production to compare to the control (cultured in glucose). Glucose deprivation decreased the levels of metabolic intermediates of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in both GSC and GIC. However, glucose deprivation increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) only in GSC, suggesting that GIC have a higher tolerance for decreased NADPH than GSC. The twofold higher ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) in GIS than in GSC correlates closely with the twofold lower ROS levels under glucose starvation conditions. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a precursor to the biologic antioxidant glutathione restored ATP production by 70% and reversed cell death caused by glucose deprivation in GSC. The present findings suggest that glucose deprivation-induced cancer cell death is not caused by decreased ATP levels, but rather triggered by a failure of ROS regulation by the antioxidant system. Conclusion is clear that glucose deprivation-induced cell death is independent from ATP depletion-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Kang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (J.H.K.); (I.A.S.); (D.Y.S.); (H.L.)
- New Cancer Cure Bio Co., Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon H. Kang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (J.H.K.); (I.A.S.); (D.Y.S.); (H.L.)
- New Cancer Cure Bio Co., Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - In A. Sim
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (J.H.K.); (I.A.S.); (D.Y.S.); (H.L.)
- New Cancer Cure Bio Co., Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Y. Seong
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (J.H.K.); (I.A.S.); (D.Y.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Suji Han
- Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.H.); (H.J.)
| | - Hyonchol Jang
- Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.H.); (H.J.)
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (J.H.K.); (I.A.S.); (D.Y.S.); (H.L.)
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang W. Kang
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Women’s University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea;
| | - Soo-Youl Kim
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (J.H.K.); (I.A.S.); (D.Y.S.); (H.L.)
- New Cancer Cure Bio Co., Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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7
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Reddy Lekkala VK, Kang SY, Liu J, Shrestha S, Acharya P, Joshi P, Zolfaghar M, Lee M, Jamdagneya P, Pagnis S, Kundi A, Kabbur S, Kim UT, Yang Y, Lee MY. A pillar/perfusion plate enhances cell growth, reproducibility, throughput, and user friendliness in dynamic 3D cell culture. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.16.528892. [PMID: 36824786 PMCID: PMC9949149 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.16.528892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Static three-dimensional (3D) cell culture has been demonstrated in ultralow attachment well plates, hanging droplet plates, and microtiter well plates with hydrogels or magnetic nanoparticles. Although it is simple, reproducible, and relatively inexpensive, thus potentially used for high-throughput screening, statically cultured 3D cells often suffer from the necrotic core due to limited nutrient and oxygen diffusion and waste removal and have limited in vivo-like tissue structure. Here, we overcome these challenges by developing a pillar/perfusion plate platform and demonstrating high-throughput, dynamic 3D cell culture. Cell spheroids have been loaded on the pillar plate with hydrogel by simple sandwiching and encapsulation and cultured dynamically in the perfusion plate on a digital rocker. Unlike traditional microfluidic devices, fast flow rates were maintained within perfusion wells, and the pillar plate could be separated from the perfusion plate for cell-based assays. It was compatible with common lab equipment and allowed cell culture, testing, staining, and imaging in situ. The pillar/perfusion plate enhanced cell growth by rapid diffusion, reproducibility, assay throughput, and user friendliness in dynamic 3D cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soo-Yeon Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Jiafeng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Sunil Shrestha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Prabha Acharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | | | - Mona Zolfaghar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Minseong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Paarth Jamdagneya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Sohan Pagnis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Arham Kundi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Samarth Kabbur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Ung Tae Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Moo-Yeal Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
- Bioprinting Laboratories Inc., Denton, Texas
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8
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Huntingtin-associated protein 1 is a potential tumor suppressor for gastric cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1517-1531. [PMID: 36509909 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08090-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is heterogeneous cancer and the causes of this disease are complex. New diagnostic and therapeutic targets are urgently needed to explore. Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) is directly related to Huntington's disease (HD). However, patients with Huntington's disease have a lower incidence of cancer. Therefore, we are committed to studying the correlation between HAP1 and gastric carcinogenesis and development. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining, western blot analysis, and RT-qPCR were conducted to explore the localization and expression of HAP1 in gastric cancer. To study the biological significance of HAP1, we overexpressed HAP1 in both MKN28 and AGS cell lines by lentivirus infection. To explore the role of HAP1 in cell proliferation, the cells counting assay, EdU incorporation assay, and colony formation assay were carried out. We performed the wound healing assay and transwell assay to study the cell migration and invasion. To further investigate whether HAP1 could regulate gastric cancer cell death during glucose deprivation, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining was performed. In our study, we elucidated that HAP1 was downregulated in gastric cancer. What's more, overexpressing HAP1 inhibited cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion, and triggered apoptosis during glucose deprivation. More importantly, the antitumor properties and mechanisms of HAP1 have been elucidated further in gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the available evidence implies that HAP1 may serve as a potential tumor suppressor, making it a significant target in preventing and treating gastric cancer. This research provides a theoretical basis for the early diagnosis, clinical targeted therapy, and prognosis evaluation of gastric cancer.
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9
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Limiting glutamine utilization activates a GCN2/TRAIL-R2/Caspase-8 apoptotic pathway in glutamine-addicted tumor cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:906. [PMID: 36302756 PMCID: PMC9613879 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic transformation leads to changes in glutamine metabolism that make transformed cells highly dependent on glutamine for anabolic growth and survival. Herein, we investigated the cell death mechanism activated in glutamine-addicted tumor cells in response to the limitation of glutamine metabolism. We show that glutamine starvation triggers a FADD and caspase-8-dependent and mitochondria-operated apoptotic program in tumor cells that involves the pro-apoptotic TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2), but is independent of its cognate ligand TRAIL. In glutamine-depleted tumor cells, activation of the amino acid-sensing general control nonderepressible-2 kinase (GCN2) is responsible for TRAIL-R2 upregulation, caspase-8 activation, and apoptotic cell death. Interestingly, GCN2-dependent ISR signaling induced by methionine starvation also leads to TRAIL-R2 upregulation and apoptosis. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of transaminases activates a GCN2 and TRAIL-R2-dependent apoptotic mechanism that is inhibited by non-essential amino acids (NEAA). In addition, metabolic stress upon glutamine deprivation also results in GCN2-independent FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP) downregulation facilitating caspase-8 activation and apoptosis. Importantly, downregulation of the long FLIP splice form (FLIPL) and apoptosis upon glutamine deprivation are inhibited in the presence of a membrane-permeable α-ketoglutarate. Collectively, our data support a model in which limiting glutamine utilization in glutamine-addicted tumor cells triggers a previously unknown cell death mechanism regulated by GCN2 that involves the TRAIL-R2-mediated activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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10
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Obaid QA, Al-Shammari AM, Khudair KK. Glucose Deprivation Induced by Acarbose and Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus Promote Metabolic Oxidative Stress and Cell Death in a Breast Cancer Model. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:816510. [PMID: 35936786 PMCID: PMC9354800 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.816510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are distinguished by enhanced glucose uptake and an aerobic glycolysis pathway in which its products support metabolic demands for cancer cell growth and proliferation. Inhibition of aerobic glycolysis is a smart therapeutic approach to target the progression of the cancer cell. We employed acarbose (ACA), a particular alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, to induce glucose deprivation combined with oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) to enhance antitumor activity. In this work, we used a mouse model of breast cancer with mammary adenocarcinoma tumor cells (AN3) that were treated with ACA, NDV, and a combination of both. The study included antitumor efficacy, relative body weight, glucose level, hexokinase (HK-1) level by ELISA, glycolysis product (pyruvate), total ATP, oxidative stress (ROS and reduced glutathione), and apoptosis by immunohistochemistry. The results showed significant antitumor efficacy against breast cancer after treatment with combination therapy. Antitumor efficacy was accompanied by a reduction in body weight and glucose level, HK-1 downregulation, inhibition of glycolysis products (pyruvate), total ATP, induction of oxidative stress (increase ROS and decrease reduced glutathione), and apoptotic cell death. The findings propose a novel anti–breast cancer combination involving the suppression of glycolysis, glucose deprivation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, which can be translated clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qayssar A. Obaid
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Sumer, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Majeed Al-Shammari
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Iraqi Centre for Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
- *Correspondence: Ahmed Majeed Al-Shammari,
| | - Khalisa K. Khudair
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine/Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq
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11
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Lee H, Woo SM, Jang H, Kang M, Kim SY. Cancer depends on fatty acids for ATP production: A possible link between cancer and obesity. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:347-357. [PMID: 35868515 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several metabolic pathways for the supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) have been proposed; however, the major source of reducing power for ADP in cancer remains unclear. Although glycolysis is the source of ATP in tumors according to the Warburg effect, ATP levels do not differ between cancer cells grown in the presence and absence of glucose. Several theories have been proposed to explain the supply of ATP in cancer, including metabolic reprograming in the tumor microenvironment. However, these theories are based on the production of ATP by the TCA-OxPhos pathway, which is inconsistent with the Warburg effect. We found that blocking fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the presence of glucose significantly decreased ATP production in various cancer cells. This suggests that cancer cells depend on fatty acids to produce ATP through FAO instead of glycolysis. We observed that cancer cell growth mainly relies on metabolic nutrients and oxygen systemically supplied through the bloodstream instead of metabolic reprogramming. In a spontaneous mouse tumor model (KrasG12D; Pdx1-cre), tumor growth was 2-fold higher in mice fed a high-fat diet (low-carbo diet) that caused obesity, whereas a calorie-balanced, low-fat diet (high-carbo diet) inhibited tumor growth by 3-fold compared with that in mice fed a control/normal diet. This 5-fold difference in tumor growth between mice fed low-fat and high-fat diets suggests that fat-induced obesity promotes cancer growth, and tumor growth depends on fatty acids as the primary source of energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Lee
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Myung Woo
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea; Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonchol Jang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyu Kang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea; New Cancer Cure-Bio Co., Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Youl Kim
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea; New Cancer Cure-Bio Co., Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Voskarides K, Koutsofti C, Pozova M. TP53 Mutant Versus Wild-Type Zebrafish Larvae Under Starvation Stress: Larvae Can Live Up to 17 Days Post-Fertilization Without Food. Zebrafish 2022; 19:49-55. [PMID: 35417275 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2022.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an experimental protocol has been developed for comparing survival rates of mutant and wild-type zebrafish larvae under extreme starvation. Zebrafish larvae were placed in 96-well plates at fourth day postfertilization (dpf) and larvae were not fed at all from hatching to cease. Zdf1 zebrafish line was used, a strain carrying the (cancer) pathogenic TP53-M214K amino acid substitution. TP53-M214 corresponds to the human TP53-M246 and both residues are located on the DNA-binding domain of the p53 protein. Survival statistical analysis did not show any significant difference in the overall survival rates between homozygous mutant and wild-type larvae. When considering 15 dpf as the endpoint of the experiment (66% of larvae died), a borderline statistical significance was observed for the dominant model of inheritance (p = 0.015; relative hazard = 0.8320). Despite the fact yolk sac of larvae is depleted at 7-8 dpf, 34% of larvae survive until 15 dpf and 1.5% until 17 dpf. Concluding, three main results derive from this study: (1) pathogenic homozygous mutations in TP53 probably do not alter survival rates of zebrafish larvae under starvation; (2) zebrafish larvae can live up to 17 dpf without food, surviving only with their initial nutritional supplies; and (3) an easy and affordable protocol has been developed for estimating survival rates of zebrafish larvae under stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Constantina Koutsofti
- Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, Molecular Medicine Research Center, University of Cyprus Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Pozova
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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13
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Glucose deprivation using 2-deoxyglucose and acarbose induce metabolic oxidative stress and apoptosis in female mice bearing breast cancer. Biochimie 2022; 195:59-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Upregulation of α enolase (ENO1) crotonylation in colorectal cancer and its promoting effect on cancer cell metastasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 578:77-83. [PMID: 34547627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lysine crotonylation (Kcr) is a newly identified protein translational modification and is involved in major biological processes including glycolysis, but its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) is unknown. Here, we found that the Kcr of α enolase (ENO1) was significantly elevated in human CRC tissues compared with the paratumoral tissues. CREB-binding protein (CBP) functioned as a crotonyltranferase of ENO1, and SIRT2 was involved in the decrotonylation of ENO1. Using quantitative mass spectrometry for crotonylomics analysis, we further found that K420 was the main Kcr site of ENO1 and ENO1 K420 Kcr promoted the growth, migration, and invasion of CRC cells in vitro by enhancing the activity of ENO1 and regulating the expression of tumor-associated genes. Our study reveals an important mechanism by which ENO1 regulates CRC through crotonylation.
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Vashisht A, Ahluwalia PK, Gahlay GK. A Comparative Analysis of the Altered Levels of Human Seminal Plasma Constituents as Contributing Factors in Different Types of Male Infertility. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1307-1324. [PMID: 34698062 PMCID: PMC8929149 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The relationships between the biochemical and immunological components in seminal plasma and their physiological effects on male reproductive system have been underreported. In this study, we evaluated the potential of several seminal plasma biochemical and immunological markers in the pathophysiological developments of the infertile male patients. The study was designed to identify and assess different markers that may be associated with semen functions in different types of male infertility. (2) Methods: A total of 50 infertile male patients who underwent checkup for fertility assessment and 50 fertile controls were included in this study. The complete medical history of each recruited participant was reviewed. The infertile sub-groups (non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), asthenozoospermia (AS), normozoospermic infertile (NI), and oligozoospermia (OZ)) were characterized based on sperm motility and concentration, while NI patients were included after a thorough check up of their female partners as well. We investigated each sample for 21 different analytes, enzymes, trace elements, and immunological markers to find crucial markers posing as contributing factors to a specific type of male infertility. (3) Results: The levels of 15 out of 21 markers, assayed from the seminal plasma of infertile males, were significantly altered in comparison to fertile controls (p < 0.05). For the first time, microprotein levels were also analyzed. The presence of monocytes, lymphocytes, and granulocytes was limited to semen from NOA patients, while a significant increase in the level of platelets was observed in AS. Hierarchical clustering and ROC-AUC analysis identified the three most significant markers (zinc, LDH, and TG) for the healthy control group and asthenozoospermic group (AUC, of 0.92 and 0.81, respectively). (4) Conclusions: The altered levels of biochemical and immunological markers in seminal plasma might be associated with the different male infertility profiles and could be required for the sperm metabolism and maintenance. However, a larger sample size and follow up analysis is required for establishing the hypothesized panel of markers as biomarkers at clinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Vashisht
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India;
| | - Pankaj Kumar Ahluwalia
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Gagandeep Kaur Gahlay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-9878755211
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Abstract
Metabolism is an important part of tumorigenesis as well as progression. The various cancer metabolism pathways, such as glucose metabolism and glutamine metabolism, directly regulate the development and progression of cancer. The pathways by which the cancer cells rewire their metabolism according to their needs, surrounding environment and host tissue conditions are an important area of study. The regulation of these metabolic pathways is determined by various oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, as well as various constituent cells of the tumor microenvironment. Expanded studies on metabolism will help identify efficient biomarkers for diagnosis and strategies for therapeutic interventions and countering ways by which cancers may acquire resistance to therapy.
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McCann C, Kerr EM. Metabolic Reprogramming: A Friend or Foe to Cancer Therapy? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3351. [PMID: 34283054 PMCID: PMC8267696 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major cause of cancer treatment failure, effectively driven by processes that promote escape from therapy-induced cell death. The mechanisms driving evasion of apoptosis have been widely studied across multiple cancer types, and have facilitated new and exciting therapeutic discoveries with the potential to improve cancer patient care. However, an increasing understanding of the crosstalk between cancer hallmarks has highlighted the complexity of the mechanisms of drug resistance, co-opting pathways outside of the canonical "cell death" machinery to facilitate cell survival in the face of cytotoxic stress. Rewiring of cellular metabolism is vital to drive and support increased proliferative demands in cancer cells, and recent discoveries in the field of cancer metabolism have uncovered a novel role for these programs in facilitating drug resistance. As a key organelle in both metabolic and apoptotic homeostasis, the mitochondria are at the forefront of these mechanisms of resistance, coordinating crosstalk in the event of cellular stress, and promoting cellular survival. Importantly, the appreciation of this role metabolism plays in the cytotoxic response to therapy, and the ability to profile metabolic adaptions in response to treatment, has encouraged new avenues of investigation into the potential of exploiting metabolic addictions to improve therapeutic efficacy and overcome drug resistance in cancer. Here, we review the role cancer metabolism can play in mediating drug resistance, and the exciting opportunities presented by imposed metabolic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma M. Kerr
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd, BT9 7AE Belfast, Ireland;
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Sadeghian M, Rahmani S, Khalesi S, Hejazi E. A review of fasting effects on the response of cancer to chemotherapy. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:1669-1681. [PMID: 33153820 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Studies suggest that fasting before or during chemotherapy may induce differential stress resistance, reducing the adverse effects of chemotherapy and enhancing the efficacy of drugs. In this article, we review the effects of fasting, including intermittent, periodic, water-only short-term fasting, and caloric restriction on the responsiveness of tumor cells to cytotoxic drugs, their protective effect on normal cells, and possible mechanisms of action. METHODS We could not perform a systematic review due to the wide variation in the study population, design, dependent measures, and outcomes (eg, type of cancer, treatment variation, experimental setting, etc.). However, a systematic approach to search and review literature was used. The electronic databases PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and Embase were searched up to July 2020. RESULTS Fasting potentially improves the response of tumor cells to chemotherapy by (1) repairing DNA damage in normal tissues (but not tumor cells); (2) upregulating autophagy flux as a protection against damage to organelles and some cancer cells; (3) altering apoptosis and increasing tumor cells' sensitivity to the apoptotic stimuli, and preventing apoptosis-mediated damage to normal cells; (4) depleting regulatory T cells and improving the stimulation of CD8 cells; and (5) accumulating unfolded proteins and protecting cancer cells from immune surveillance. We also discuss how 'fasting-mimicking diet' as a modified form of fasting enables patients to eat a low calorie, low protein, and low sugar diet while achieving similar metabolic outcomes of fasting. CONCLUSION This review suggests the potential benefits of fasting in combination with chemotherapy to reduce tumor progression and increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy. However, with limited human trials, it is not possible to generalize the findings from animal and in vitro studies. More human studies with adequate sample size and follow-ups are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sadeghian
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Rahmani
- Department of Nutrition, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saman Khalesi
- Physical Activity Research Group, Appleton Institute & School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ehsan Hejazi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Upadhyay A, Gautam S, Ramu V, Kondaiah P, Chakravarty AR. Photocytotoxic cancer cell-targeting platinum(ii) complexes of glucose-appended curcumin and biotinylated 1,10-phenanthroline. Dalton Trans 2020; 48:17556-17565. [PMID: 31748772 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03490k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-ligand platinum(ii) complexes, [Pt(phen)(pacac)](NO3) (1), [Pt(phen)(cur)](NO3) (2), [Pt(bt-phen)(cur)](NO3) (3) and [Pt(phen)(scur)](NO3) (4), where phen is 1,10-phenanthroline, bt-phen is 5-biotin-1,10-phenanthroline, pacac is 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedioate anion, Hcur is curcumin and Hscur is diglucosylcurcumin, were prepared, characterized and their anticancer activity studied. Complexes 2-4 showed absorption bands within 410-430 nm (ε, 2.1 × 104 to 2.8 × 104 M-1 cm-1) in 10% DMSO-DPBS (Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline) and emission bands near 530 nm (λex = 410-430 nm) with a fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) value of ∼0.02. The curcumin complexes showed stability over a study period of 48 h. The photocytotoxicity was studied using human cervical HeLa, human liver HepG2, human breast cancer MDA-MB 231 and human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cancer cells along with human immortalized lung epithelial HPL1D as normal cells. Complexes 2-4 showed apoptotic photo-induced cell death in light of wavelength 400-700 nm (IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration: 6-28 μM) by reactive oxygen species (ROS), while remaining inactive in the dark (IC50: 43-95 μM). The selectivity of the complexes 3 and 4 was enhanced significantly towards the cancer cells than towards the normal cells, thus making them targeted photochemotherapeutic agents. The ROS formation and mode of cell death were studied from 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) and annexin-V/FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate)-PI assays, respectively. Preferential nuclear and mitochondrial localization was evidenced from inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Upadhyay
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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Läsche M, Emons G, Gründker C. Shedding New Light on Cancer Metabolism: A Metabolic Tightrope Between Life and Death. Front Oncol 2020; 10:409. [PMID: 32300553 PMCID: PMC7145406 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the earliest findings of Otto Warburg, who discovered the first metabolic differences between lactate production of cancer cells and non-malignant tissues in the 1920s, much time has passed. He explained the increased lactate levels with dysfunctional mitochondria and aerobic glycolysis despite adequate oxygenation. Meanwhile, we came to know that mitochondria remain instead functional in cancer cells; hence, metabolic drift, rather than being linked to dysfunctional mitochondria, was found to be an active act of direct response of cancer cells to cell proliferation and survival signals. This metabolic drift begins with the use of sugars and the full oxidative phosphorylation via the mitochondrial respiratory chain to form CO2, and it then leads to the formation of lactic acid via partial oxidation. In addition to oncogene-driven metabolic reprogramming, the oncometabolites themselves alter cell signaling and are responsible for differentiation and metastasis of cancer cells. The aberrant metabolism is now considered a major characteristic of cancer within the past 15 years. However, the proliferating anabolic growth of a tumor and its spread to distal sites of the body is not explainable by altered glucose metabolism alone. Since a tumor consists of malignant cells and its tumor microenvironment, it was important for us to understand the bilateral interactions between the primary tumor and its microenvironment and the processes underlying its successful metastasis. We here describe the main metabolic pathways and their implications in tumor progression and metastasis. We also portray that metabolic flexibility determines the fate of the cancer cell and ultimately the patient. This flexibility must be taken into account when deciding on a therapy, since singular cancer therapies only shift the metabolism to a different alternative path and create resistance to the medication used. As with Otto Warburg in his days, we primarily focused on the metabolism of mitochondria when dealing with this scientific question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Läsche
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Günter Emons
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Gründker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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21
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Ding B, Haidurov A, Chawla A, Parmigiani A, van de Kamp G, Dalina A, Yuan F, Lee JH, Chumakov PM, Grossman SR, Budanov AV. p53-inducible SESTRINs might play opposite roles in the regulation of early and late stages of lung carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6997-7009. [PMID: 31857853 PMCID: PMC6916756 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
SESTRINs (SESN1-3) are proteins encoded by an evolutionarily conserved gene family that plays an important role in the regulation of cell viability and metabolism in response to stress. Many of the effects of SESTRINs are mediated by negative and positive regulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complexes 1 and 2 (mTORC1 and mTORC2), respectively, that are often deregulated in human cancers where they support cell growth, proliferation, and cell viability. Besides their effects on regulation of mTORC1/2, SESTRINs also control the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, cell death, and mitophagy. SESN1 and SESN2 are transcriptional targets of tumor suppressor protein p53 and may mediate tumor suppressor activities of p53. Therefore, we conducted studies based on a mouse lung cancer model and human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells to evaluate the potential impact of SESN1 and SESN2 on lung carcinogenesis. While we observed that expression of SESN1 and SESN2 is often decreased in human tumors, inactivation of Sesn2 in mice positively regulates tumor growth through a mechanism associated with activation of AKT, while knockout of Sesn1 has no additional impact on carcinogenesis in Sesn2-deficient mice. However, inactivation of SESN1 and/or SESN2 in A549 cells accelerates cell proliferation and imparts resistance to cell death in response to glucose starvation. We propose that despite their contribution to early tumor growth, SESTRINs might suppress late stages of carcinogenesis through inhibition of cell proliferation or activation of cell death in conditions of nutrient deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxiao Ding
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Alexander Haidurov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Moscow, Russia.,School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ayesha Chawla
- Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Anita Parmigiani
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gerarda van de Kamp
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Alexandra Dalina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter M Chumakov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Steven R Grossman
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Andrei V Budanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Moscow, Russia.,School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Afshar S, Salimi E, Fazelkhah A, Braasch K, Mishra N, Butler M, Thomson DJ, Bridges GE. Progression of change in membrane capacitance and cytoplasm conductivity of cells during controlled starvation using dual-frequency DEP cytometry. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1059:59-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Brandao M, Simon T, Critchley G, Giamas G. Astrocytes, the rising stars of the glioblastoma microenvironment. Glia 2018; 67:779-790. [PMID: 30240060 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive primary tumor, causing thousands of deaths worldwide every year. The mean survival of patients with GBM remains below 20 months despite current available therapies. GBM cells' interactions with their stromal counterparts are crucial for tumor development. Astrocytes are glial cells that comprise ~50% of all brain cells and are therefore likely to establish direct contact with GBM cells. As other tumor cell types can hijack fibroblasts or immune cells to facilitate tumor growth, GBM cells can actually activate astrocytes, namely, the tumor associated astrocytes (TAAs), to promote GBM invasion in the healthy tissue. TAAs have thus been shown to be involved in GBM cells growth and limited response to radiation or chemotherapy (i.e., Temozolomide). Nevertheless, even though the interest in the cancer research community is increasing, the role of TAAs during GBM development is still overlooked. Yet, obtaining an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms by which TAAs influence GBM progression might lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies. This article therefore reports the different levels of GBM progression at which TAAs have been recently described to be involved in, including tumor cells' proliferation/invasion and resistance to therapies, especially through the activity of extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Brandao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, School of Life Sciences, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Simon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, School of Life Sciences, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Giles Critchley
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, School of Life Sciences, Brighton, United Kingdom
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24
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Soejima E, Ohki T, Kurita Y, Yuan X, Tanaka K, Kakino S, Hara K, Nakayama H, Tajiri Y, Yamada K. Protective effect of 3-hydroxybutyrate against endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated vascular endothelial cell damage induced by low glucose exposure. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191147. [PMID: 29554103 PMCID: PMC5858752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Hypothesis The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism by which severe hypoglycemia accelerates vascular complications. Furthermore, we assessed the possible protective effect of ketone bodies against the endothelial cell damage caused by glucose deficiency. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured at a glucose level of either 0.56 or 5.6 mmol/L with or without 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB) supplementation. Cell viability was assessed with a CCK-8 assay and a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. The activity of caspases was measured using fluorogenic substrates. The expression of genes associated with endothelial cell function and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR. Protein levels of ER stress-related molecules were assessed by Western blotting. Results Culture of HUVECs in low-glucose medium for 24 or 48 h resulted in reduction of cell viability accompanied by activation of caspase-3/7 and caspase-8. The addition of a pan caspase inhibitor attenuated the cell death. After incubation in the low-glucose medium, we found reduced mRNA and protein levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. ER stress responses mediated by phosphorylation of protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) and cleavage of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) were augmented, but X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1) splicing was reduced. Most of these responses to glucose deficiency were significantly attenuated by supplementation with 3-HB. Conclusions/Interpretation These observations showed that exposure to low glucose induces ER stress, caspase activation, endothelial cell dysfunction and cell death. The beneficial effects of 3-HB shown in this study suggest that hypoketonemic severe hypoglycemia induced by insulin injections or insulin secretagogue administration may be more harmful than hyperketonemic severe hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Soejima
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ohki
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kurita
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Xiaohong Yuan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kayo Tanaka
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satomi Kakino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kento Hara
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakayama
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Tajiri
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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25
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Lee HY, Itahana Y, Schuechner S, Fukuda M, Je HS, Ogris E, Virshup DM, Itahana K. Ca2+-dependent demethylation of phosphatase PP2Ac promotes glucose deprivation–induced cell death independently of inhibiting glycolysis. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/512/eaam7893. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aam7893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Muñoz-Pinedo C, López-Rivas A. A role for caspase-8 and TRAIL-R2/DR5 in ER-stress-induced apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:226. [PMID: 28984868 PMCID: PMC5729524 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Muñoz-Pinedo
- Cell Death Regulation Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abelardo López-Rivas
- Cell Death Signalling Group, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine – CABIMER, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
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27
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Xu JY, Luo JM. [Association between BIM gene and glucocorticoid resistance in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2017; 19:945-949. [PMID: 28774373 PMCID: PMC7390050 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignant hematological disease in childhood. Glucocorticoids are frequently used in the chemoradiotherapy regimen for ALL and can induce the apoptosis of ALL cells through several signaling pathways, but about 10% of ALL children have poor response to glucocorticoids. Studies have revealed that glucocorticoids induce the apoptosis of ALL cells by upregulating the expression of BIM gene, and BIM gene is associated with glucocorticoid resistance in childhood ALL. This article reviews the recent studies on glucocorticoid resistance in childhood ALL, especially the role of BIM and its expression products in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yun Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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28
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Glucose Deprivation Induces ATF4-Mediated Apoptosis through TRAIL Death Receptors. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00479-16. [PMID: 28242652 PMCID: PMC5477549 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00479-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic stress occurs frequently in tumors and in normal tissues undergoing transient ischemia. Nutrient deprivation triggers, among many potential cell death-inducing pathways, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response with the induction of the integrated stress response transcription factor ATF4. However, how this results in cell death remains unknown. Here we show that glucose deprivation triggered ER stress and induced the unfolded protein response transcription factors ATF4 and CHOP. This was associated with the nontranscriptional accumulation of TRAIL receptor 1 (TRAIL-R1) (DR4) and with the ATF4-mediated, CHOP-independent induction of TRAIL-R2 (DR5), suggesting that cell death in this context may involve death receptor signaling. Consistent with this, the ablation of TRAIL-R1, TRAIL-R2, FADD, Bid, and caspase-8 attenuated cell death, although the downregulation of TRAIL did not, suggesting ligand-independent activation of TRAIL receptors. These data indicate that stress triggered by glucose deprivation promotes the ATF4-dependent upregulation of TRAIL-R2/DR5 and TRAIL receptor-mediated cell death.
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29
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Hu X, Chao M, Wu H. Central role of lactate and proton in cancer cell resistance to glucose deprivation and its clinical translation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2017; 2:16047. [PMID: 29263910 PMCID: PMC5661620 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2016.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting common weaknesses of cancer is an important strategy for cancer therapy. Glucose is a nutrient that maintains essential cellular metabolism, supporting cancer cell survival, growth and proliferation. Depriving glucose rapidly kills cancer cells. Most cancer cells possess a feature called Warburg effect, which refers to that cancer cells even with ample oxygen exhibit an exceptionally high glycolysis rate and convert most incoming glucose to lactate. Although it is recognized that Warburg effect confers growth advantage to cancer cells when glucose supply is sufficient, this feature could be considered as a fatal weakness of cancer cells when glucose supply is a problem. As glucose supply in many solid tumors is poor, and as most cancer cells have exceptionally high glycolytic capacity, maximizing cancer cell glycolysis rate would possibly exhaust intratumoral glucose, leading cancer cell to death. Lactate and proton are two common factors in solid tumors, they jointly protect cancer cells against glucose deprivation, and they are also powerful regulators dictating glucose metabolic phenotypes of cancer cells. Disrupting the joint action of lactate and proton, for example, by means of bicarbonate infusion into tumor, could maximize cancer cell glycolytic rate to rapidly use up glucose, expose their vulnerability to glucose deprivation and ultimately kill cancer cells. A pilot clinical study demonstrated that this approach achieved a remarkable improvement in local control of large and huge hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Hu
- Cancer Institute (a Key Laboratory For Cancer Prevention & Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Chao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Cancer Institute (a Key Laboratory For Cancer Prevention & Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Moncunill-Massaguer C, Saura-Esteller J, Pérez-Perarnau A, Palmeri CM, Núñez-Vázquez S, Cosialls AM, González-Gironès DM, Pomares H, Korwitz A, Preciado S, Albericio F, Lavilla R, Pons G, Langer T, Iglesias-Serret D, Gil J. A novel prohibitin-binding compound induces the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway through NOXA and BIM upregulation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:41750-65. [PMID: 26497683 PMCID: PMC4747186 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously described diaryl trifluorothiazoline compound 1a (hereafter referred to as fluorizoline) as a first-in-class small molecule that induces p53-independent apoptosis in a wide range of tumor cell lines. Fluorizoline directly binds to prohibitin 1 and 2 (PHBs), two proteins involved in the regulation of several cellular processes, including apoptosis. Here we demonstrate that fluorizoline-induced apoptosis is mediated by PHBs, as cells depleted of these proteins are highly resistant to fluorizoline treatment. In addition, BAX and BAK are necessary for fluorizoline-induced cytotoxic effects, thereby proving that apoptosis occurs through the intrinsic pathway. Expression analysis revealed that fluorizoline induced the upregulation of Noxa and Bim mRNA levels, which was not observed in PHB-depleted MEFs. Finally, Noxa−/−/Bim−/− MEFs and NOXA-downregulated HeLa cells were resistant to fluorizoline-induced apoptosis. All together, these findings show that fluorizoline requires PHBs to execute the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Moncunill-Massaguer
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - José Saura-Esteller
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Alba Pérez-Perarnau
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Claudia Mariela Palmeri
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Sonia Núñez-Vázquez
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Ana M Cosialls
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Diana M González-Gironès
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Helena Pomares
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Anne Korwitz
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sara Preciado
- Barcelona Science Park and CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Barcelona Science Park and CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Lavilla
- Barcelona Science Park and CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Pons
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Thomas Langer
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Iglesias-Serret
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Joan Gil
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
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LaRocca TJ, Sosunov SA, Shakerley NL, Ten VS, Ratner AJ. Hyperglycemic Conditions Prime Cells for RIP1-dependent Necroptosis. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:13753-61. [PMID: 27129772 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.716027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a RIP1-dependent programmed cell death (PCD) pathway that is distinct from apoptosis. Downstream effector pathways of necroptosis include formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), both of which depend on glycolysis. This suggests that increased cellular glucose may prime necroptosis. Here we show that exposure to hyperglycemic levels of glucose enhances necroptosis in primary red blood cells (RBCs), Jurkat T cells, and U937 monocytes. Pharmacologic or siRNA inhibition of RIP1 prevented the enhanced death, confirming it as RIP1-dependent necroptosis. Hyperglycemic enhancement of necroptosis depends upon glycolysis with AGEs and ROS playing a role. Total levels of RIP1, RIP3, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) proteins were increased following treatment with high levels of glucose in Jurkat and U937 cells and was not due to transcriptional regulation. The observed increase in RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL protein levels suggests a potential positive feedback mechanism in nucleated cell types. Enhanced PCD due to hyperglycemia was specific to necroptosis as extrinsic apoptosis was inhibited by exposure to high levels of glucose. Hyperglycemia resulted in increased infarct size in a mouse model of brain hypoxia-ischemia injury. The increased infarct size was prevented by treatment with nec-1s, strongly suggesting that increased necroptosis accounts for exacerbation of this injury in conditions of hyperglycemia. This work reveals that hyperglycemia represents a condition in which cells are extraordinarily susceptible to necroptosis, that local glucose levels alter the balance of PCD pathways, and that clinically relevant outcomes may depend on glucose-mediated effects on PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J LaRocca
- From the Department of Basic and Social Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York 12208
| | - Sergey A Sosunov
- the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, and
| | - Nicole L Shakerley
- From the Department of Basic and Social Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York 12208
| | - Vadim S Ten
- the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, and
| | - Adam J Ratner
- the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, and the Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology, New York University, New York, New York 10016
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32
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Matsumoto T, Jimi S, Migita K, Takamatsu Y, Hara S. Inhibition of glucose transporter 1 induces apoptosis and sensitizes multiple myeloma cells to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Leuk Res 2015; 41:103-10. [PMID: 26790725 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent development of anti-myeloma drugs, the prognosis of high-risk multiple myeloma remains poor. Therefore, new effective treatment strategies for this disease are needed. It has been reported that high intensity of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography is high-risk factor in myeloma, suggesting that glucose uptake can be therapeutic target in high-risk myeloma. In this study, we addressed the utility of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) as a therapeutic target for myeloma with increased glucose uptake. We found myeloma cell lines with elevated glucose uptake activity via GLUT1 up-regulation. STF-31, a selective GLUT1 inhibitor, completely suppressed the glucose uptake activity and induced apoptosis in GLUT1 expressing myeloma cells. On the other hand, this agent little shows the cytotoxicity in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, STF-31 synergistically enhanced the cell death induced by melphalan, doxorubicin, and bortezomib. GLUT1 may be promising therapeutic target in myeloma with elevated glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Matsumoto
- Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Shiro Jimi
- Central Laboratory for Pathology and Morphology, Department of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Migita
- Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takamatsu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shuuji Hara
- Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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33
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Deegan S, Saveljeva S, Logue SE, Pakos-Zebrucka K, Gupta S, Vandenabeele P, Bertrand MJM, Samali A. Deficiency in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway reveals the toxic potential of autophagy under ER stress conditions. Autophagy 2015; 10:1921-36. [PMID: 25470234 PMCID: PMC4502706 DOI: 10.4161/15548627.2014.981790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced cell death is normally associated with activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, which is characterized by CYCS (cytochrome c, somatic) release, apoptosome formation, and caspase activation, resulting in cell death. In this study, we demonstrate that under conditions of ER stress cells devoid of CASP9/caspase-9 or BAX and BAK1, and therefore defective in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, still undergo a delayed form of cell death associated with the activation of caspases, therefore revealing the existence of an alternative stress-induced caspase activation pathway. We identified CASP8/caspase-8 as the apical protease in this caspase cascade, and found that knockdown of either of the key autophagic genes, ATG5 or ATG7, impacted on CASP8 activation and cell death induction, highlighting the crucial role of autophagy in the activation of this novel ER stress-induced death pathway. In line with this, we identified a protein complex composed of ATG5, FADD, and pro-CASP8 whose assembly coincides with caspase activation and cell death induction. Together, our results reveal the toxic potential of autophagy in cells undergoing ER stress that are defective in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and suggest a model in which the autophagosome functions as a platform facilitating pro-CASP8 activation. Chemoresistance, a common problem in the treatment of cancer, is frequently caused by the downregulation of key mitochondrial death effector proteins. Alternate stress-induced apoptotic pathways, such as the one described here, may become of particular relevance for tackling the problem of chemoresistance in cancer cells.
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Key Words
- ATG, autophagy related
- BAK1, BCL2-antagonist/killer 1
- BAX, BCL2-associated X protein
- BCL2, B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2
- DDIT3, DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3
- DISC, death inducing signaling complex
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FADD, Fas (TNFRSF6)-associated via death domain
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HSPA5, heat shock 70 kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78 kDa)
- MAP1LC3 (LC3), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
- MEFs, mouse embryonic fibroblasts
- MOMP, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization
- PARP, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PI, propidium iodide
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TNFSF10, tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 10
- Tg, thapsigargin
- Tm, tunicamycin
- apoptosis
- autophagic cell death
- autophagy
- caspase
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- unfolded protein response
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Deegan
- a Apoptosis Research Center; NUI Galway ; Galway , Ireland
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34
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León-Annicchiarico CL, Ramírez-Peinado S, Domínguez-Villanueva D, Gonsberg A, Lampidis TJ, Muñoz-Pinedo C. ATF4 mediates necrosis induced by glucose deprivation and apoptosis induced by 2-deoxyglucose in the same cells. FEBS J 2015; 282:3647-58. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Ramírez-Peinado
- Cell Death Regulation Group; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL); L'Hospitalet Spain
| | | | - Anika Gonsberg
- Cell Death Regulation Group; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL); L'Hospitalet Spain
| | - Theodore J. Lampidis
- Department of Cell Biology and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Pinedo
- Cell Death Regulation Group; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL); L'Hospitalet Spain
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35
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Glucose transporter 1-mediated glucose uptake is limiting for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia anabolic metabolism and resistance to apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1470. [PMID: 25321477 PMCID: PMC4237255 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic profiles of cancer cells have long been acknowledged to be altered and to provide new therapeutic opportunities. In particular, a wide range of both solid and liquid tumors use aerobic glycolysis to supply energy and support cell growth. This metabolic program leads to high rates of glucose consumption through glycolysis with secretion of lactate even in the presence of oxygen. Identifying the limiting events in aerobic glycolysis and the response of cancer cells to metabolic inhibition is now essential to exploit this potential metabolic dependency. Here, we examine the role of glucose uptake and the glucose transporter Glut1 in the metabolism and metabolic stress response of BCR-Abl+ B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells (B-ALL). B-ALL cells were highly glycolytic and primary human B-ALL samples were dependent on glycolysis. We show B-ALL cells express multiple glucose transporters and conditional genetic deletion of Glut1 led to a partial loss of glucose uptake. This reduced glucose transport capacity, however, was sufficient to metabolically reprogram B-ALL cells to decrease anabolic and increase catabolic flux. Cell proliferation decreased and a limited degree of apoptosis was also observed. Importantly, Glut1-deficient B-ALL cells failed to accumulate in vivo and leukemic progression was suppressed by Glut1 deletion. Similarly, pharmacologic inhibition of aerobic glycolysis with moderate doses of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) slowed B-ALL cell proliferation, but extensive apoptosis only occurred at high doses. Nevertheless, 2-DG induced the pro-apoptotic protein Bim and sensitized B-ALL cells to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor Dasatinib in vivo. Together, these data show that despite expression of multiple glucose transporters, B-ALL cells are reliant on Glut1 to maintain aerobic glycolysis and anabolic metabolism. Further, partial inhibition of glucose metabolism is sufficient to sensitize cancer cells to specifically targeted therapies, suggesting inhibition of aerobic glycolysis as a plausible adjuvant approach for B-ALL therapies.
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Abstract
Beyond their contribution to basic metabolism, the major cellular organelles, in particular mitochondria, can determine whether cells respond to stress in an adaptive or suicidal manner. Thus, mitochondria can continuously adapt their shape to changing bioenergetic demands as they are subjected to quality control by autophagy, or they can undergo a lethal permeabilization process that initiates apoptosis. Along similar lines, multiple proteins involved in metabolic circuitries, including oxidative phosphorylation and transport of metabolites across membranes, may participate in the regulated or catastrophic dismantling of organelles. Many factors that were initially characterized as cell death regulators are now known to physically or functionally interact with metabolic enzymes. Thus, several metabolic cues regulate the propensity of cells to activate self-destructive programs, in part by acting on nutrient sensors. This suggests the existence of "metabolic checkpoints" that dictate cell fate in response to metabolic fluctuations. Here, we discuss recent insights into the intersection between metabolism and cell death regulation that have major implications for the comprehension and manipulation of unwarranted cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; F-75005 Paris, France. INSERM, U1138, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; F-75005 Paris, France. INSERM, U1138, F-94805 Villejuif, France. Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France. Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France.
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37
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Miniaci MC, Dattolo MG, Irace C, Capuozzo A, Santamaria R, Scotto P. Glucose deprivation promotes activation of mTOR signaling pathway and protein synthesis in rat skeletal muscle cells. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:1357-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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38
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Desideri E, Vegliante R, Cardaci S, Nepravishta R, Paci M, Ciriolo MR. MAPK14/p38α-dependent modulation of glucose metabolism affects ROS levels and autophagy during starvation. Autophagy 2014; 10:1652-65. [PMID: 25046111 DOI: 10.4161/auto.29456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased glycolytic flux is a common feature of many cancer cells, which have adapted their metabolism to maximize glucose incorporation and catabolism to generate ATP and substrates for biosynthetic reactions. Indeed, glycolysis allows a rapid production of ATP and provides metabolic intermediates required for cancer cells growth. Moreover, it makes cancer cells less sensitive to fluctuations of oxygen tension, a condition usually occurring in a newly established tumor environment. Here, we provide evidence for a dual role of MAPK14 in driving a rearrangement of glucose metabolism that contributes to limiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and autophagy activation in condition of nutrient deprivation. We demonstrate that MAPK14 is phosphoactivated during nutrient deprivation and affects glucose metabolism at 2 different levels: on the one hand, it increases SLC2A3 mRNA and protein levels, resulting in a higher incorporation of glucose within the cell. This event involves the MAPK14-mediated enhancement of HIF1A protein stability. On the other hand, MAPK14 mediates a metabolic shift from glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) through the modulation of PFKFB3 (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase 3) degradation by the proteasome. This event requires the presence of 2 distinct degradation sequences, KEN box and DSG motif Ser273, which are recognized by 2 different E3 ligase complexes. The mutation of either motif increases PFKFB3 resistance to starvation-induced degradation. The MAPK14-driven metabolic reprogramming sustains the production of NADPH, an important cofactor for many reduction reactions and for the maintenance of the proper intracellular redox environment, resulting in reduced levels of ROS. The final effect is a reduced activation of autophagy and an increased resistance to nutrient deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Desideri
- Department of Biology; University of Rome "Tor Vergata"; Rome, Italy
| | - Rolando Vegliante
- Department of Biology; University of Rome "Tor Vergata"; Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Cardaci
- Department of Biology; University of Rome "Tor Vergata"; Rome, Italy
| | - Ridvan Nepravishta
- Department of Sciences and Chemical Technologies; University of Rome "Tor Vergata"; Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Paci
- Department of Sciences and Chemical Technologies; University of Rome "Tor Vergata"; Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology; University of Rome "Tor Vergata"; Rome, Italy; Research Centre IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana; Rome, Italy
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39
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Ghosh Roy S, Sadigh B, Datan E, Lockshin RA, Zakeri Z. Regulation of cell survival and death during Flavivirus infections. World J Biol Chem 2014; 5:93-105. [PMID: 24921001 PMCID: PMC4050121 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v5.i2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses, ss(+) RNA viruses, include many of mankind’s most important pathogens. Their pathogenicity derives from their ability to infect many types of cells including neurons, to replicate, and eventually to kill the cells. Flaviviruses can activate tumor necrosis factor α and both intrinsic (Bax-mediated) and extrinsic pathways to apoptosis. Thus they can use many approaches for activating these pathways. Infection can lead to necrosis if viral load is extremely high or to other types of cell death if routes to apoptosis are blocked. Dengue and Japanese Encephalitis Virus can also activate autophagy. In this case the autophagy temporarily spares the infected cell, allowing a longer period of reproduction for the virus, and the autophagy further protects the cell against other stresses such as those caused by reactive oxygen species. Several of the viral proteins have been shown to induce apoptosis or autophagy on their own, independent of the presence of other viral proteins. Given the versatility of these viruses to adapt to and manipulate the metabolism, and thus to control the survival of, the infected cells, we need to understand much better how the specific viral proteins affect the pathways to apoptosis and autophagy. Only in this manner will we be able to minimize the pathology that they cause.
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40
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Murthy A, Li Y, Peng I, Reichelt M, Katakam AK, Noubade R, Roose-Girma M, DeVoss J, Diehl L, Graham RR, van Lookeren Campagne M. A Crohn's disease variant in Atg16l1 enhances its degradation by caspase 3. Nature 2014; 506:456-62. [PMID: 24553140 DOI: 10.1038/nature13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease is a debilitating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can involve the entire digestive tract. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) encoding a missense variant in the autophagy gene ATG16L1 (rs2241880, Thr300Ala) is strongly associated with the incidence of Crohn's disease. Numerous studies have demonstrated the effect of ATG16L1 deletion or deficiency; however, the molecular consequences of the Thr300Ala (T300A) variant remains unknown. Here we show that amino acids 296-299 constitute a caspase cleavage motif in ATG16L1 and that the T300A variant (T316A in mice) significantly increases ATG16L1 sensitization to caspase-3-mediated processing. We observed that death-receptor activation or starvation-induced metabolic stress in human and murine macrophages increased degradation of the T300A or T316A variants of ATG16L1, respectively, resulting in diminished autophagy. Knock-in mice harbouring the T316A variant showed defective clearance of the ileal pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica and an elevated inflammatory cytokine response. In turn, deletion of the caspase-3-encoding gene, Casp3, or elimination of the caspase cleavage site by site-directed mutagenesis rescued starvation-induced autophagy and pathogen clearance, respectively. These findings demonstrate that caspase 3 activation in the presence of a common risk allele leads to accelerated degradation of ATG16L1, placing cellular stress, apoptotic stimuli and impaired autophagy in a unified pathway that predisposes to Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Murthy
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Ivan Peng
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Mike Reichelt
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Anand Kumar Katakam
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Rajkumar Noubade
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Merone Roose-Girma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Jason DeVoss
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Lauri Diehl
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Robert R Graham
- ITGR Human Genetics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
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41
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Qiu SL, Xiao ZC, Piao CM, Xian YL, Jia LX, Qi YF, Han JH, Zhang YY, Du J. AMP-activated protein kinase α2 protects against liver injury from metastasized tumors via reduced glucose deprivation-induced oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9449-59. [PMID: 24515110 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.543447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that tumors damage affected tissues; however, the specific mechanism underlying such damage remains elusive. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) senses energetic changes and regulates glucose metabolism. In this study, we examined the mechanisms by which AMPK promotes metabolic adaptation in the tumor-bearing liver using a murine model of colon cancer liver metastasis. Knock-out of AMPK α2 significantly enhanced tumor-induced glucose deprivation in the liver and increased the extent of liver injury and hepatocyte death. Mechanistically, we observed that AMPK α2 deficiency resulted in elevated reactive oxygen species, reduced mitophagy, and increased cell death in response to tumors or glucose deprivation in vitro. These results imply that AMPK α2 is essential for attenuation of liver injury during tumor metastasis via hepatic glucose deprivation and mitophagy-mediated inhibition of reactive oxygen species production. Therefore, AMPK α2 might represent an important therapeutic target for colon cancer metastasis-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Lan Qiu
- From the Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
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42
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Modulation of apoptosis sensitivity through the interplay with autophagic and proteasomal degradation pathways. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1011. [PMID: 24457955 PMCID: PMC4040655 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autophagic and proteasomal degradation constitute the major cellular proteolysis pathways. Their physiological and pathophysiological adaptation and perturbation modulates the relative abundance of apoptosis-transducing proteins and thereby can positively or negatively adjust cell death susceptibility. In addition to balancing protein expression amounts, components of the autophagic and proteasomal degradation machineries directly interact with and co-regulate apoptosis signal transduction. The influence of autophagic and proteasomal activity on apoptosis susceptibility is now rapidly gaining more attention as a significant modulator of cell death signalling in the context of human health and disease. Here we present a concise and critical overview of the latest knowledge on the molecular interplay between apoptosis signalling, autophagy and proteasomal protein degradation. We highlight that these three pathways constitute an intricate signalling triangle that can govern and modulate cell fate decisions between death and survival. Owing to rapid research progress in recent years, it is now possible to provide detailed insight into the mechanisms of pathway crosstalk, common signalling nodes and the role of multi-functional proteins in co-regulating both protein degradation and cell death.
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43
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El Maadidi S, Faletti L, Berg B, Wenzl C, Wieland K, Chen ZJ, Maurer U, Borner C. A novel mitochondrial MAVS/Caspase-8 platform links RNA virus-induced innate antiviral signaling to Bax/Bak-independent apoptosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:1171-83. [PMID: 24391214 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Semliki Forest virus (SFV) requires RNA replication and Bax/Bak for efficient apoptosis induction. However, cells lacking Bax/Bak continue to die in a caspase-dependent manner. In this study, we show in both mouse and human cells that this Bax/Bak-independent pathway involves dsRNA-induced innate immune signaling via mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) and caspase-8. Bax/Bak-deficient or Bcl-2- or Bcl-xL-overexpressing cells lacking MAVS or caspase-8 expression are resistant to SFV-induced apoptosis. The signaling pathway triggered by SFV does neither involve death receptors nor the classical MAVS effectors TNFR-associated factor-2, IRF-3/7, or IFN-β but the physical interaction of MAVS with caspase-8 on mitochondria in a FADD-independent manner. Consistently, caspase-8 and -3 activation are reduced in MAVS-deficient cells. Thus, after RNA virus infection MAVS does not only elicit a type I antiviral response but also recruits caspase-8 to mitochondria to mediate caspase-3 activation and apoptosis in a Bax/Bak-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souhayla El Maadidi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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44
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Abstract
Hypoglycemia occurs in diabetic patients as a consequence of treatment with hypoglycemic agents, in insulinoma patients as a result of excessive insulin production, and in infants as a result of abnormal regulation of metabolism. Profound hypoglycemia can cause structural and functional disturbances in both the central (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The brain is damaged by a short and severe episode of hypoglycemia, whereas PNS pathology appears after a mild and prolonged episode. In the CNS, damaged mitochondria, elevated intracellular Ca2(+) level, released cytochrome c to the cytosol, extensive production of superoxide, increased caspase-3 activity, release of aspartate and glutamate from presynaptic terminals, and altered biosynthetic machinery can lead to neuronal cell death in the brain. Considering the PNS, chronic hypoglycemia is associated with delayed motor and sensory conduction velocities in peripheral nerves. With respect to pathology, hypoglycemic neuropathy in the PNS is characterized by Wallerian-like axonal degeneration that starts at the nerve terminal and progresses to a more proximal part of the axon, and motor axons to the muscles may be more severely damaged than sensory axons. Since excitatory neurotransmitters primarily involve the neuron in the CNS, this "dying back" pattern of axonal damage in the PNS may involve mechanisms other than excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Mohseni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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45
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Zheng W, Tayyari F, Gowda GAN, Raftery D, McLamore ES, Shi J, Porterfield DM, Donkin SS, Bequette B, Teegarden D. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D regulation of glucose metabolism in Harvey-ras transformed MCF10A human breast epithelial cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 138:81-9. [PMID: 23619337 PMCID: PMC4009997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the impact of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) on glucose metabolism during early cancer progression. Untransformed and ras-oncogene transfected (ras) MCF10A human breast epithelial cells were employed to model early breast cancer progression. 1,25(OH)2D modified the response of the ras cells to glucose restriction, suggesting 1,25(OH)2D may reduce the ras cell glucose addiction noted in cancer cells. To understand the 1,25(OH)2D regulation of glucose metabolism, following four-day 1,25(OH)2D treatment, metabolite fluxes at the cell membrane were measured by a nanoprobe biosensor, [(13)C6]glucose flux by (13)C-mass isotopomer distribution analysis of media metabolites, intracellular metabolite levels by NMR, and gene expression of related enzymes was assessed. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D reduced glycolysis as flux of glucose to 3-phosphoglycerate was reduced by 15% (P=0.017) and 32% (P<0.003) in MCF10A and ras cells respectively. In the ras cells, 1,25(OH)2D reduced lactate dehydrogenase activity by 15% (P<0.05) with a concomitant 10% reduction in the flux of glucose to lactate (P=0.006), and reduction in the level of intracellular lactate by 55% (P=0.029). Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D reduced flux of glucose to acetyl-coA 24% (P=0.002) and 41% (P<0.001), and flux to oxaloacetate 33% (P=0.003) and 34% (P=0.027) in the MCF10A and ras cells, respectively, suggesting a reduction in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity. The results suggest a novel mechanism involving the regulation of glucose metabolism by which 1,25(OH)2D may prevent breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States.
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46
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Ramírez-Peinado S, León-Annicchiarico CL, Galindo-Moreno J, Iurlaro R, Caro-Maldonado A, Prehn JHM, Ryan KM, Muñoz-Pinedo C. Glucose-starved cells do not engage in prosurvival autophagy. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:30387-30398. [PMID: 24014036 PMCID: PMC3798503 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.490581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to nutrient shortage or organelle damage, cells undergo macroautophagy. Starvation of glucose, an essential nutrient, is thought to promote autophagy in mammalian cells. We thus aimed to determine the role of autophagy in cell death induced by glucose deprivation. Glucose withdrawal induces cell death that can occur by apoptosis (in Bax, Bak-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts or HeLa cells) or by necrosis (in Rh4 rhabdomyosarcoma cells). Inhibition of autophagy by chemical or genetic means by using 3-methyladenine, chloroquine, a dominant negative form of ATG4B or silencing Beclin-1, Atg7, or p62 indicated that macroautophagy does not protect cells undergoing necrosis or apoptosis upon glucose deprivation. Moreover, glucose deprivation did not induce autophagic flux in any of the four cell lines analyzed, even though mTOR was inhibited. Indeed, glucose deprivation inhibited basal autophagic flux. In contrast, the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose induced prosurvival autophagy. Further analyses indicated that in the absence of glucose, autophagic flux induced by other stimuli is inhibited. These data suggest that the role of autophagy in response to nutrient starvation should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ramírez-Peinado
- From the Cell Death Regulation Group, IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908 Spain
| | - Clara Lucía León-Annicchiarico
- From the Cell Death Regulation Group, IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908 Spain
| | - Javier Galindo-Moreno
- From the Cell Death Regulation Group, IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908 Spain
| | - Raffaella Iurlaro
- From the Cell Death Regulation Group, IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908 Spain
| | - Alfredo Caro-Maldonado
- From the Cell Death Regulation Group, IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908 Spain
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland, and
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Tumour Cell Death Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Pinedo
- From the Cell Death Regulation Group, IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908 Spain,.
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47
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Zheng W, Tayyari F, Gowda GAN, Raftery D, McLamore ES, Porterfield DM, Donkin SS, Bequette B, Teegarden D. Altered glucose metabolism in Harvey-ras transformed MCF10A cells. Mol Carcinog 2013; 54:111-20. [PMID: 24000146 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming that alters the utilization of glucose including the "Warburg effect" is critical in the development of a tumorigenic phenotype. However, the effects of the Harvey-ras (H-ras) oncogene on cellular energy metabolism during mammary carcinogenesis are not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of H-ras transformation on glucose metabolism using the untransformed MCF10A and H-ras oncogene transfected (MCF10A-ras) human breast epithelial cells, a model for early breast cancer progression. We measured the metabolite fluxes at the cell membrane by a selective micro-biosensor, [(13)C6 ]glucose flux by (13)C-mass isotopomer distribution analysis of media metabolites, intracellular metabolite levels by NMR, and gene expression of glucose metabolism enzymes by quantitative PCR. Results from these studies indicated that MCF10A-ras cells exhibited enhanced glycolytic activity and lactate production, decreased glucose flux through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, as well as an increase in the utilization of glucose in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). These results provide evidence for a role of H-ras oncogene in the metabolic reprogramming of MCF10A cells during early mammary carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47906
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48
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Palorini R, Cammarata FP, Cammarata F, Balestrieri C, Monestiroli A, Vasso M, Gelfi C, Alberghina L, Chiaradonna F. Glucose starvation induces cell death in K-ras-transformed cells by interfering with the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway and activating the unfolded protein response. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e732. [PMID: 23868065 PMCID: PMC3730427 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells, which use more glucose than normal cells and accumulate extracellular lactate even under normoxic conditions (Warburg effect), have been reported to undergo cell death under glucose deprivation, whereas normal cells remain viable. As it may be relevant to exploit the molecular mechanisms underlying this biological response to achieve new cancer therapies, in this paper we sought to identify them by using transcriptome and proteome analysis applied to an established glucose-addicted cellular model of transformation, namely, murine NIH-3T3 fibroblasts harboring an oncogenic K-RAS gene, compared with parental cells. Noteworthy is that the analyses performed in high- and low-glucose cultures indicate that reduction of glucose availability induces, especially in transformed cells, a significant increase in the expression of several unfolded protein response (UPR) hallmark genes. We show that this response is strictly associated with transformed cell death, given that its attenuation, by reducing protein translation or by increasing cell protein folding capacity, preserves the survival of transformed cells. Such an effect is also observed by inhibiting c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, a pro-apoptotic signaling mediator set downstream of UPR. Strikingly, addition of N-acetyl-𝒟-glucosamine, a specific substrate for the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), to glucose-depleted cells completely prevents transformed cell death, stressing the important role of glucose in HBP fuelling to ensure UPR attenuation and increased cell survival. Interestingly, these results have been fully recognized in a human model of breast cancer, MDA-MB-231 cells. In conclusion, we show that glucose deprivation, leading to harmful accumulation of unfolded proteins in consequence of a reduction of protein glycosylation, induces a UPR-dependent cell death mechanism. These findings may open the way for new therapeutic strategies to specifically kill glycolytic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Palorini
- SYSBIO, Centre of Systems Biology, Milano 20126, Italy
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49
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Targeting metabolism to induce cell death in cancer cells and cancer stem cells. Int J Cell Biol 2013; 2013:805975. [PMID: 23476653 PMCID: PMC3583110 DOI: 10.1155/2013/805975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal metabolism and the evasion of apoptosis are considered hallmarks of cancers. Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. A successful therapy must therefore eliminate these cells known to be highly resistant to apoptosis. In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes.
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50
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Matched and mismatched metabolic fuels in lymphocyte function. Semin Immunol 2013; 24:405-13. [PMID: 23290889 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Immunological function requires metabolic support to suit the needs of lymphocytes at a variety of distinct differentiation and activation states. It is now evident that the signaling pathways that drive lymphocyte survival and activity can directly control cellular metabolism. This linkage provides a mechanism by which activation and specific signaling pathways provide a supply of appropriate and required nutrients to support cell functions in a pro-active supply rather than consumption-based metabolic model. In this way, the metabolism and fuel choices of lymphocytes are guided to specifically match the anticipated needs. If the fuel choice or metabolic pathways of lymphocytes are dysregulated, however, metabolic checkpoints can become activated to disrupt immunological function. These changes are now shown in several immunological diseases and may open new opportunities to selectively enhance or suppress specific immune functions through targeting of glucose, lipid, or amino acid metabolism.
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