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Naik A, Lattab B, Qasem H, Decock J. Cancer testis antigens: Emerging therapeutic targets leveraging genomic instability in cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200768. [PMID: 38596293 PMCID: PMC10876628 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Cancer care has witnessed remarkable progress in recent decades, with a wide array of targeted therapies and immune-based interventions being added to the traditional treatment options such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, despite these advancements, the challenge of achieving high tumor specificity while minimizing adverse side effects continues to dictate the benefit-risk balance of cancer therapy, guiding clinical decision making. As such, the targeting of cancer testis antigens (CTAs) offers exciting new opportunities for therapeutic intervention of cancer since they display highly tumor specific expression patterns, natural immunogenicity and play pivotal roles in various biological processes that are critical for tumor cellular fitness. In this review, we delve deeper into how CTAs contribute to the regulation and maintenance of genomic integrity in cancer, and how these mechanisms can be exploited to specifically target and eradicate tumor cells. We review the current clinical trials targeting aforementioned CTAs, highlight promising pre-clinical data and discuss current challenges and future perspectives for future development of CTA-based strategies that exploit tumor genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adviti Naik
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Boucif Lattab
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hanan Qasem
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Julie Decock
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
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Silonov SA, Mokin YI, Nedelyaev EM, Smirnov EY, Kuznetsova IM, Turoverov KK, Uversky VN, Fonin AV. On the Prevalence and Roles of Proteins Undergoing Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in the Biogenesis of PML-Bodies. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1805. [PMID: 38136675 PMCID: PMC10741438 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation and function of membrane-less organelles (MLOs) is one of the main driving forces in the molecular life of the cell. These processes are based on the separation of biopolymers into phases regulated by multiple specific and nonspecific inter- and intramolecular interactions. Among the realm of MLOs, a special place is taken by the promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs or PML bodies), which are the intranuclear compartments involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism, transcription, the maintenance of genome stability, responses to viral infection, apoptosis, and tumor suppression. According to the accepted models, specific interactions, such as SUMO/SIM, the formation of disulfide bonds, etc., play a decisive role in the biogenesis of PML bodies. In this work, a number of bioinformatics approaches were used to study proteins found in the proteome of PML bodies for their tendency for spontaneous liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), which is usually caused by weak nonspecific interactions. A total of 205 proteins found in PML bodies have been identified. It has been suggested that UBC9, P53, HIPK2, and SUMO1 can be considered as the scaffold proteins of PML bodies. It was shown that more than half of the proteins in the analyzed proteome are capable of spontaneous LLPS, with 85% of the analyzed proteins being intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and the remaining 15% being proteins with intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs). About 44% of all proteins analyzed in this study contain SUMO binding sites and can potentially be SUMOylated. These data suggest that weak nonspecific interactions play a significantly larger role in the formation and biogenesis of PML bodies than previously expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Silonov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (S.A.S.); (Y.I.M.); (E.M.N.); (E.Y.S.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
| | - Yakov I. Mokin
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (S.A.S.); (Y.I.M.); (E.M.N.); (E.Y.S.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
| | - Eugene M. Nedelyaev
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (S.A.S.); (Y.I.M.); (E.M.N.); (E.Y.S.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
| | - Eugene Y. Smirnov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (S.A.S.); (Y.I.M.); (E.M.N.); (E.Y.S.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
| | - Irina M. Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (S.A.S.); (Y.I.M.); (E.M.N.); (E.Y.S.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
| | - Konstantin K. Turoverov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (S.A.S.); (Y.I.M.); (E.M.N.); (E.Y.S.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Alexander V. Fonin
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (S.A.S.); (Y.I.M.); (E.M.N.); (E.Y.S.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
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Qin H, Chen J, Bouchekioua-Bouzaghou K, Meng YM, Griera JB, Jiang X, Kong X, Wang M, Xu Q, Wong PP. Immunization with a multi-antigen targeted DNA vaccine eliminates chemoresistant pancreatic cancer by disrupting tumor-stromal cell crosstalk. J Transl Med 2023; 21:702. [PMID: 37814317 PMCID: PMC10561406 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterised by limited responses to chemoimmunotherapy attributed to highly desmoplastic tumor microenvironment. Disrupting the tumor-stromal cell crosstalk is considered as an improved PDAC treatment strategy, whereas little progress has been made due to poor understanding of its underlying mechanism. Here, we examined the cellular role of melanoma associated antigen A isoforms (MAGEA) in regulating tumor-stromal crosstalk mediated chemoresistance. METHODS We used clinical samples to explore the correlation between MAGEA expression and patient prognosis in multiple cancers. We utilized cancer cell lines, patient derived organoids and orthotopic PDAC model to examine the function of MAGEA in chemoresistance. We performed biochemical, proteome profiler array and transcriptional analysis to uncover a mechanism that governs tumor-stromal crosstalk. We developed a multi-MAGEA antigen targeted DNA vaccine and tested its effect on PDAC tumor growth. RESULTS We establish MAGEA as a regulator of the tumor-stromal crosstalk in PDAC. We provide strong clinical evidence indicating that high MAGEA expression, including MAGEA2, MAGEA3 and MAGEA10, correlates with worse chemotherapeutic response and poor prognosis in multiple cancers, while their expression is up-regulated in chemoresistant PDAC patient derived organoids and cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, MAGEA2 prohibits gemcitabine-induced JNK-c-Jun-p53 mediated cancer cell apoptosis, while gemcitabine stimulated pancreatic stellate cells secretes GDF15 to further enhance the gemcitabine resistance of MAGEA2 expressing cells by activating GFRAL-RET mediated Akt and ERK1/2 dependent survival pathway. Strikingly, immunization with a DNA vaccine that targeting multiple MAGEA antigens, including MAGEA2, MAGEA3 and MAGEA10, elicits robust immune responses against the growth of gemcitabine resistant tumors. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that targeting MAGEA-mediated paracrine regulation of chemoresistance by immunotherapy can be an improved pancreatic cancer treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongquan Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Katia Bouchekioua-Bouzaghou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ya-Ming Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Reserach Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
- Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jordi Bach Griera
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiangzhan Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qiuping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Ping-Pui Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Pascucci FA, Escalada MC, Suberbordes M, Vidal C, Ladelfa MF, Monte M. MAGE-I proteins and cancer-pathways: A bidirectional relationship. Biochimie 2022; 208:31-37. [PMID: 36403755 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Data emerged from the last 20 years of basic research on tumor antigens positioned the type I MAGE (Melanoma Antigen GEnes - I or MAGE-I) family as cancer driver factors. MAGE-I gene expression is mainly restricted to normal reproductive tissues. However, abnormal re-expression in cancer unbalances the cell status towards enhanced oncogenic activity or reduced tumor suppression. Anomalous MAGE-I gene re-expression in cancer is attributed to altered epigenetic-mediated chromatin silencing. Still, emerging data indicate that MAGE-I can be regulated at protein level. Results from different laboratories suggest that after its anomalous re-expression, specific MAGE-I proteins can be regulated by well-known signaling pathways or key cellular processes that finally potentiate the cancer cell phenotype. Thus, MAGE-I proteins both regulate and are regulated by cancer-related pathways. Here, we present an updated review highlighting the recent findings on the regulation of MAGE-I by oncogenic pathways and the potential consequences in the tumor cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Andrés Pascucci
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica and IQUIBICEN-UBA/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Micaela Carolina Escalada
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica and IQUIBICEN-UBA/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melisa Suberbordes
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica and IQUIBICEN-UBA/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Candela Vidal
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica and IQUIBICEN-UBA/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Fátima Ladelfa
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica and IQUIBICEN-UBA/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Martín Monte
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica and IQUIBICEN-UBA/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Saeednejad Zanjani L, Razmi M, Fattahi F, Kalantari E, Abolhasani M, Saki S, Madjd Z, Mohsenzadegan M. Overexpression of melanoma-associated antigen A2 has a clinical significance in embryonal carcinoma and is associated with tumor progression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 148:609-631. [PMID: 34837545 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Melanoma-associated antigen A2 (MAGE-A2) is a member of the cancer-testis antigen family differentially overexpressed in a variety of malignancies and is associated with tumor development. However, clinical significance and prognostic value of MAGE-A2 in different histological subtypes of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) have not been explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we aimed to investigate the clinical significance and prognostic impact of MAGE-A2 expression in TGCTs compared to benign tumors as well as adjacent normal tissues and then between seminomas and non-seminomas groups using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. RESULTS The results indicated a statistically significant difference between overexpression of MAGE-A2 and histological subtypes of TGCTs. A statistically significant association was found between a high level of nuclear expression of MAGE-A2 protein and advanced pT stage (P = 0.022), vascular invasion (P = 0.037), as well as involvement of rete testis (P = 0.022) in embryonal carcinomas. Increased nuclear expression of MAGE-A2 was observed to be associated with more aggressive behaviors and tumor progression rather than cytoplasmic expression in these cases. Further, high level nuclear expression of MAGE-A2 had shorter disease-specific survival (DSS) or progression-free survival (PFS) compared to patients with moderate and low expression of MAGE-A2, however, without a statistically significant association. CONCLUSION Our results confirm that increased nuclear expression of MAGE-A2 has a clinical significance in embryonal carcinomas and is associated with progression of disease. Moreover, MAGE-A2 may act as a potential predictive biomarker for the prognosis in embryonal carcinomas if follow-up period becomes longer. Further investigations for the biological function of MAGE-A2 are required in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahdieh Razmi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Fattahi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Kalantari
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Saki
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Mohsenzadegan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Ladelfa MF, Peche LY, Amato GE, Escalada MC, Zampieri S, Pascucci FA, Benevento AF, Do Porto DF, Dardis A, Schneider C, Monte M. Expression of the tumor-expressed protein MageB2 enhances rRNA transcription. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119015. [PMID: 33741433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An essential requirement for cells to sustain a high proliferating rate is to be paired with enhanced protein synthesis through the production of ribosomes. For this reason, part of the growth-factor signaling pathways, are devoted to activate ribosome biogenesis. Enhanced production of ribosomes is a hallmark in cancer cells, which is boosted by different mechanisms. Here we report that the nucleolar tumor-protein MageB2, whose expression is associated with cell proliferation, also participates in ribosome biogenesis. Studies carried out in both siRNA-mediated MageB2 silenced cells and CRISPR/CAS9-mediated MageB2 knockout (KO) cells showed that its expression is linked to rRNA transcription increase independently of the cell proliferation status. Mechanistically, MageB2 interacts with phospho-UBF, a protein which causes the recruitment of RNA Pol I pre-initiation complex required for rRNA transcription. In addition, cells expressing MageB2 displays enhanced phospho-UBF occupancy at the rDNA gene promoter. Proteomic studies performed in MageB2 KO cells revealed impairment in ribosomal protein (RPs) content. Functionally, enhancement in rRNA production in MageB2 expressing cells, was directly associated with an increased dynamic in protein synthesis. Altogether our results unveil a novel function for a tumor-expressed protein from the MAGE-I family. Findings reported here suggest that nucleolar MageB2 might play a role in enhancing ribosome biogenesis as part of its repertoire to support cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fátima Ladelfa
- Lab. Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN-UBA/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leticia Yamila Peche
- Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, Area Science Park, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gastón Ezequiel Amato
- Lab. Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN-UBA/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Micaela Carolina Escalada
- Lab. Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN-UBA/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Stefania Zampieri
- Centro di Coordinamento Regionale per le Malattie Rare, Ospedale Universitario Santa Maria Della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Franco Andrés Pascucci
- Lab. Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN-UBA/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andres Fernandez Benevento
- Plataforma de Bioinformática Argentina, Instituto de Cálculo, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dario Fernandez Do Porto
- Plataforma de Bioinformática Argentina, Instituto de Cálculo, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Dardis
- Centro di Coordinamento Regionale per le Malattie Rare, Ospedale Universitario Santa Maria Della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Claudio Schneider
- Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, Area Science Park, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, p.le Kolbe 4, Udine, Italy
| | - Martin Monte
- Lab. Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN-UBA/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Pascucci FA, Ladelfa MF, Toledo MF, Escalada M, Suberbordes M, Monte M. MageC2 protein is upregulated by oncogenic activation of MAPK pathway and causes impairment of the p53 transactivation function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118918. [PMID: 33279609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Normal-to-tumor cell transition is accompanied by changes in gene expression and signal transduction that turns the balance toward cancer-cell phenotype, eluding by different mechanisms, the response of tumor-suppressor genes. Here, we observed that MageC2, a MAGE-I protein able to regulate the p53 tumor-suppressor, is accumulated upon MEK/ERK MAPK activation. Overexpression of H-RasV12 oncogene causes an increase in MageC2 protein that is prevented by pharmacologic inhibition of MEK. Similarly, decrease in MageC2 protein levels is shown in A375 melanoma cells (which harbor B-RafV600E oncogenic mutation) treated with MEK inhibitors. MageC2 protein levels decrease when p14ARF is expressed, causing an Mdm2-independent upregulation of p53 transactivation. However, MageC2 is refractory to p14ARF-driven downregulation when H-RasV12 is co-expressed. Using MageC2 knockout A375 cells generated by CRISPR/CAS9 technology, we demonstrated the relevance of MageC2 protein in reducing p53 transcriptional activity in cells containing hyperactive MEK/ERK signaling. Furthermore, gene expression analysis performed in cancer-genomic databases, supports the correlation of reduced p53 transcriptional activity and high MageC2 expression, in melanoma cells containing Ras or B-Raf driver mutations. Data presented here suggest that MageC2 can be a functional target of the oncogenic MEK/ERK pathway to regulate p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Andrés Pascucci
- Lab. Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica and IQUIBICEN-UBA/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Fátima Ladelfa
- Lab. Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica and IQUIBICEN-UBA/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda Toledo
- Lab. Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica and IQUIBICEN-UBA/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Micaela Escalada
- Lab. Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica and IQUIBICEN-UBA/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melisa Suberbordes
- Lab. Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica and IQUIBICEN-UBA/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Monte
- Lab. Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica and IQUIBICEN-UBA/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Haupt S, Caramia F, Herschtal A, Soussi T, Lozano G, Chen H, Liang H, Speed TP, Haupt Y. Identification of cancer sex-disparity in the functional integrity of p53 and its X chromosome network. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5385. [PMID: 31772231 PMCID: PMC6879765 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The disproportionately high prevalence of male cancer is poorly understood. We tested for sex-disparity in the functional integrity of the major tumor suppressor p53 in sporadic cancers. Our bioinformatics analyses expose three novel levels of p53 impact on sex-disparity in 12 non-reproductive cancer types. First, TP53 mutation is more frequent in these cancers among US males than females, with poorest survival correlating with its mutation. Second, numerous X-linked genes are associated with p53, including vital genomic regulators. Males are at unique risk from alterations of their single copies of these genes. High expression of X-linked negative regulators of p53 in wild-type TP53 cancers corresponds with reduced survival. Third, females exhibit an exceptional incidence of non-expressed mutations among p53-associated X-linked genes. Our data indicate that poor survival in males is contributed by high frequencies of TP53 mutations and an inability to shield against deregulated X-linked genes that engage in p53 networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Franco Caramia
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Alan Herschtal
- Department of Biometrics Novotech, Carlton, Victoria, 3053, Australia
| | - Thierry Soussi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Cancer Center Karolinska, Solna, Sweden.,INSERM, U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hu Chen
- Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Han Liang
- Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Terence P Speed
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Giovannoni F, Ladelfa MF, Monte M, Jans DA, Hemmerich P, García C. Dengue Non-structural Protein 5 Polymerase Complexes With Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein (PML) Isoforms III and IV to Disrupt PML-Nuclear Bodies in Infected Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:284. [PMID: 31456950 PMCID: PMC6701172 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) threatens almost 70% of the world's population, with no therapeutic currently available. The severe, potentially lethal forms of DENV disease (dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome) are associated with the production of high level of cytokines, elicited as part of the host antiviral response, although the molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We previously showed that infection by DENV serotype 2 (DENV2) disrupts promyelocytic leukemia (PML) gene product nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) after viral protein translation in infected cells. Apart from playing a key role as the nucleating agent in forming PML-NBs, PML has antiviral activity against various viruses, including DENV. The present study builds on this work, showing for the first time that all four DENV serotypes elicit PML-NB breakdown. Importantly, we show for the first time that of the nuclear localizing proteins of DENV, DENV non-structural protein (NS) 5 polymerase alone is sufficient to elicit PML-NB disassembly, in part through complexing with PML isoforms III and IV, but not other PML isoforms or other PML-NB components. The results raise the possibility that PML-NB disruption by nuclear localized NS5 contributes to DENV's suppression of the host antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Giovannoni
- Laboratorio de Estrategias Antivirales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Bioológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Fatima Ladelfa
- Instituto de Química Bioológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin Monte
- Instituto de Química Bioológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David A. Jans
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Cybele García
- Laboratorio de Estrategias Antivirales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Bioológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Trippel A, Halling F, Heymann P, Ayna M, Al-Nawas B, Ziebart T. The expression of melanoma-associated antigen A (MAGE-A) in oral squamous cell carcinoma: an evaluation of the significance for tumor prognosis. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 23:343-352. [PMID: 31093793 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-019-00778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Melanoma-associated antigens A had been detected repeatedly in oral squamous cell carcinoma, but not in healthy mucosa. Additionally, patients with MAGE-A expressing cancers are regarded to have a worse survival prognosis, so that MAGE-A are supposed to be part of carcinogenesis. Which role these antigens fulfill within OSCC is still, up today, largely unknown. This study examines the hypothesis that MAGE-A is being produced in OSCC but not in mucosa tissue and if MAGE-A has any correlation to clinical patient's parameters like tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, overall survival, and recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this purpose, 50 tumor samples and 39 mucosa samples were analyzed by means of PCR and immunohistochemical staining with the antibody 6C1. RESULTS Forty of 41 stained tumor samples showed a positive antibody reaction with a maximum staining rate of 53%. Sixteen mucosa samples showed a mild positive reaction. The PCR revealed a linear expression pattern of MAGE-A in which the genes are proportionally expressed in OSCC. We did not find any relationship between MAGE-A and tumor size, overall survival, or recurrence. There was also no connection between MAGE-A and tumor parameters Hif-1 and LDH. Their expression was detected tendentially in tumors with higher staging, advanced lymph node metastasis, and rising age of the patients. The genes MAGE-A3+6 and MAGE-A4 had a statistically significant correlation with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.007 and p = 0.004). Patients got distant metastasis and influence of MAGE-A on metastatic behavior could not be verified. The genes MAGE-A3 and -A4 are consequently qualified as tumor markers in the field of diagnosis and follow-up of OSCC. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Two genes have great potential as target proteins in immunotherapy. The genes MAGE-A3+6 and MAGE-A4 had a statistically significant correlation with lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Trippel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Halling
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Baldingerstrasse, Philipps University of Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, D-35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Paul Heymann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Baldingerstrasse, Philipps University of Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, D-35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mustafa Ayna
- Center for Dental Implantology, 47051, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Bilal Al-Nawas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Ziebart
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Baldingerstrasse, Philipps University of Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, D-35037, Marburg, Germany.
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11
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Yang G, Fu Y, Lu X, Wang M, Dong H, Li Q. miR‑34a regulates the chemosensitivity of retinoblastoma cells via modulation of MAGE‑A/p53 signaling. Int J Oncol 2018; 54:177-187. [PMID: 30387834 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the combined role of microRNA (miR)-34a, melanoma antigen-A (MAGE‑A) and p53 in altering the chemosensitivity of retinoblastoma (RB) cells. Human RB and adjacent tumor tissues, as well as human RB cell lines (HXO‑Rb44, SO‑Rb50, Y79 and WERI‑Rb-1) were used. In addition, four chemotherapeutic drugs, including carboplatin, etoposide, Adriamycin and vincristine, were used to treat the cell lines, in order to evaluate the sensitivity of RB cells. Furthermore, miR‑34a expression was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting was implemented to quantify expression levels of MAGE‑A and p53. A luciferase reporter gene assay was used to validate the targeted association between miR‑34a and MAGE‑A. The results indicated that SO‑Rb50 cells exhibited the highest resistance to carboplatin, Adriamycin and vincristine (P<0.05), whereas HXO‑Rb44 cells revealed the highest inhibition rate in response to etoposide (P<0.05) out of the four cell lines. Furthermore, reduced miR‑34a expression and increased MAGE‑A expression significantly elevated the survival rate and viability of SO‑Rb50 cells following drug treatment (all P<0.05). miR‑34a was also demonstrated to directly target MAGE‑A, thereby significantly promoting the viability of RB cells and depressing apoptosis (P<0.05). p53, which was subjected to modulation by miR‑34a and MAGE‑A, also significantly reduced the proliferation rate of RB cells (P<0.05). In conclusion, the miR‑34a/MAGE‑A/p53 axis may be conducive to enhancing the efficacies of chemotherapeutic treatments for RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Menghua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Qiuming Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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12
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Park S, Sung Y, Jeong J, Choi M, Lee J, Kwon W, Jang S, Park SJ, Kim HS, Lee MH, Kim DJ, Liu K, Kim SH, Dong Z, Ryoo ZY, Kim MO. hMAGEA2 promotes progression of breast cancer by regulating Akt and Erk1/2 pathways. Oncotarget 2018; 8:37115-37127. [PMID: 28415749 PMCID: PMC5514895 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most abundant cancer worldwide and a severe problem for women. Notably, breast cancer has a high mortality rate, mainly because of tumor progression and metastasis. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly progressive and lacks the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Therefore, there are no established therapeutic targets against TNBC. In this study, we investigated whether the expression of human melanoma-associated antigen A2 (MAGEA2) is associated with TNBC. We found that hMAGEA2 is significantly overexpressed in human TNBC tissues; we also observed oncogenic properties using TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468). The overexpression of hMAGEA2 in MDA-MB-231 cell line showed dramatically increased cellular proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and xenograft tumor formation and growth. Conversely, knockdown of hMAEGA2 in MDA-MB-468 cell line suppressed cellular proliferation, colony formation, and xenograft tumor formation. Additionally, we showed that hMAGEA2 regulated the activation of Akt and Erk1/2 signaling pathways. These data indicate that hMAGEA2 is important for progression of TNBC and may serve as a novel molecular therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Park
- School of Life Science, BK21 Plus KNU Creative Bio Research Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Buk-ku, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghun Sung
- School of Life Science, BK21 Plus KNU Creative Bio Research Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Buk-ku, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jain Jeong
- School of Life Science, BK21 Plus KNU Creative Bio Research Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Buk-ku, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjee Choi
- School of Life Science, BK21 Plus KNU Creative Bio Research Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Buk-ku, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Lee
- School of Life Science, BK21 Plus KNU Creative Bio Research Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Buk-ku, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookbong Kwon
- School of Life Science, BK21 Plus KNU Creative Bio Research Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Buk-ku, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Jang
- School of Life Science, BK21 Plus KNU Creative Bio Research Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Buk-ku, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Jun Park
- School of Life Science, BK21 Plus KNU Creative Bio Research Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Buk-ku, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeng-Soo Kim
- School of Life Science, BK21 Plus KNU Creative Bio Research Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Buk-ku, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- China-US(Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- China-US(Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- China-US(Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Buk-ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.,China-US(Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- China-US(Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Zae Young Ryoo
- School of Life Science, BK21 Plus KNU Creative Bio Research Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Buk-ku, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Ok Kim
- The School of Animal BT Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, Republic of Korea
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13
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Li C, Peng Q, Wan X, Sun H, Tang J. C-terminal motifs in promyelocytic leukemia protein isoforms critically regulate PML nuclear body formation. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3496-3506. [PMID: 28851805 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.202879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) nuclear bodies (NBs), which are sub-nuclear protein structures, are involved in a variety of important cellular functions. PML-NBs are assembled by PML isoforms, and contact between small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) with the SUMO interaction motif (SIM) are critically involved in this process. PML isoforms contain a common N-terminal region and a variable C-terminus. However, the contribution of the C-terminal regions to PML-NB formation remains poorly defined. Here, using high-resolution microscopy, we show that mutation of the SIM distinctively influences the structure of NBs formed by each individual PML isoform, with that of PML-III and PML-V minimally changed, and PML-I and PML-IV dramatically impaired. We further identify several C-terminal elements that are important in regulating NB structure and provide strong evidence to suggest that the 8b element in PML-IV possesses a strong ability to interact with SUMO-1 and SUMO-2, and critically participates in NB formation. Our findings highlight the importance of PML C-termini in NB assembly and function, and provide molecular insight into the PML-NB assembly of each distinctive isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiongfang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haili Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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14
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Van Tongelen A, Loriot A, De Smet C. Oncogenic roles of DNA hypomethylation through the activation of cancer-germline genes. Cancer Lett 2017; 396:130-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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McLoughlin KC, Kaufman AS, Schrump DS. Targeting the epigenome in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2017; 6:350-365. [PMID: 28713680 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2017.06.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesotheliomas (MPM) are notoriously refractory to conventional treatment modalities. Recent insights regarding epigenetic alterations in MPM provide the preclinical rationale for the evaluation of novel combinatorial regimens targeting the epigenome in these neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin C McLoughlin
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew S Kaufman
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David S Schrump
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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16
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Laiseca JE, Ladelfa MF, Cotignola J, Peche LY, Pascucci FA, Castaño BA, Galigniana MD, Schneider C, Monte M. Functional interaction between co-expressed MAGE-A proteins. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178370. [PMID: 28542476 PMCID: PMC5443569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MAGE-A (Melanoma Antigen Genes-A) are tumor-associated proteins with expression in a broad spectrum of human tumors and normal germ cells. MAGE-A gene expression and function are being increasingly investigated to better understand the mechanisms by which MAGE proteins collaborate in tumorigenesis and whether their detection could be useful for disease prognosis purposes. Alterations in epigenetic mechanisms involved in MAGE gene silencing cause their frequent co-expression in tumor cells. Here, we have analyzed the effect of MAGE-A gene co-expression and our results suggest that MageA6 can potentiate the androgen receptor (AR) co-activation function of MageA11. Database search confirmed that MageA11 and MageA6 are co-expressed in human prostate cancer samples. We demonstrate that MageA6 and MageA11 form a protein complex resulting in the stabilization of MageA11 and consequently the enhancement of AR activity. The mechanism involves association of the Mage A6-MHD domain to MageA11, prevention of MageA11 ubiquitinylation on lysines 240 and 245 and decreased proteasome-dependent degradation. We experimentally demonstrate here for the first time that two MAGE-A proteins can act together in a non-redundant way to potentiate a specific oncogenic function. Overall, our results highlight the complexity of the MAGE gene networking in regulating cancer cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta E. Laiseca
- Lab. Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica and IQUIBICEN-UBA/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F. Ladelfa
- Lab. Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica and IQUIBICEN-UBA/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier Cotignola
- Lab. Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica and IQUIBICEN-UBA/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leticia Y. Peche
- Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, Area Science Park, Trieste , Italy
| | - Franco A. Pascucci
- Lab. Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica and IQUIBICEN-UBA/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bryan A. Castaño
- Lab. Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica and IQUIBICEN-UBA/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario D. Galigniana
- Lab. Biología Molecular y Celular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio Receptores Nucleares, IBYME-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio Schneider
- Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, Area Science Park, Trieste , Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, p.le Kolbe 4, Udine, Italy
| | - Martin Monte
- Lab. Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica and IQUIBICEN-UBA/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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17
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Ujiie H, Kato T, Lee D, Hu HP, Fujino K, Kaji M, Kaga K, Matsui Y, Yasufuku K. Overexpression of MAGEA2 has a prognostic significance and is a potential therapeutic target for patients with lung cancer. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:2154-2170. [PMID: 28498455 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma-associated antigens (MAGE) are expressed in different type of cancers including lung cancer and have been shown to be functionally related to p53 tumor suppressor gene. Little is known about the relationship between MAGE genes and p53 aberrant expression in lung cancer. The aims of this study were to observe the expression of MAGEA2, examine the role of MAGEA2 in lung cancer survival, investigate its correlation between MAGEA2 and p53, and explore its clinicopathologic significance as a prognostic marker. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the expression of MAGEA2 using 36 primary tumors and 31 metastatic lymph nodes from patients with lung cancer. The role of MAGEA2 in cancer cell growth and in the regulation of p53 downstream genes were examined using small interfering RNA. The expression of MAGEA2 and p53 were analyzed immunohistochemically using tissue microarray from 353 resected lung specimens. High-level expression of MAGEA2 (High-MAGEA2) was confirmed in lung tumors with high frequency. Inhibiting MAGEA2 expression effectively suppressed cancer cell growth and decreased the expression of p53 downstream target genes in vitro. In adenocarcinoma, High-MAGEA2 was strongly associated with aberrant p53 expression (P<0.001) and was associated with worse clinical outcomes (5-year OS, 87.1% in low vs. 74.1% in high, P=0.014). Aberrant p53 expression was also significant worse prognostic factor (P=0.029). Among the adenocarcinoma patients with wild-type p53, High-MAGEA2 had poorer prognosis than low-level MAGEA2 groups (5-year OS, 90.1% vs. 72.1%, P=0.037), whereas had no difference in p53 aberrant tumors. On multivariate analysis, MAGEA2 was independently associated with survival (hazard ratio; 2.12, P=0.030). In conclusion, suppression of MAGEA2 in lung cancer cells significantly reduced the growth/survival of cancer cells. High-MAGEA2 was identified as an independent prognostic factor in lung adenocarcinoma. Specific inhibition of MAGEA2 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Ujiie
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tatsuya Kato
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daiyoon Lee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hsin-Pei Hu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kosuke Fujino
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mitsuhito Kaji
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sapporo Minami-sanjo Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kichizo Kaga
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Matsui
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yasufuku
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Zhao J, Wang Y, Mu C, Xu Y, Sang J. MAGEA1 interacts with FBXW7 and regulates ubiquitin ligase-mediated turnover of NICD1 in breast and ovarian cancer cells. Oncogene 2017; 36:5023-5034. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Hou S, Xian L, Shi P, Li C, Lin Z, Gao X. The Magea gene cluster regulates male germ cell apoptosis without affecting the fertility in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26735. [PMID: 27226137 PMCID: PMC4880894 DOI: 10.1038/srep26735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While apoptosis is essential for male germ cell development, improper activation of apoptosis in the testis can affect spermatogenesis and cause reproduction defects. Members of the MAGE-A (melanoma antigen family A) gene family are frequently clustered in mammalian genomes and are exclusively expressed in the testes of normal animals but abnormally activated in a wide variety of cancers. We investigated the potential roles of these genes in spermatogenesis by generating a mouse model with a 210-kb genomic deletion encompassing six members of the Magea gene cluster (Magea1, Magea2, Magea3, Magea5, Magea6 and Magea8). Male mice carrying the deletion displayed smaller testes from 2 months old with a marked increase in apoptotic germ cells in the first wave of spermatogenesis. Furthermore, we found that Magea genes prevented stress-induced spermatogenic apoptosis after N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) treatment during the adult stage. Mechanistically, deletion of the Magea gene cluster resulted in a dramatic increase in apoptotic germ cells, predominantly spermatocytes, with activation of p53 and induction of Bax in the testes. These observations demonstrate that the Magea genes are crucial in maintaining normal testicular size and protecting germ cells from excessive apoptosis under genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, China
| | - Li Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, China
| | - Peiliang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, China
| | - Chaojun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, China
| | - Zhaoyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, China
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Oncogenic cancer/testis antigens: prime candidates for immunotherapy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15772-87. [PMID: 26158218 PMCID: PMC4599236 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments have set the stage for immunotherapy as a supplement to conventional cancer treatment. Consequently, a significant effort is required to further improve efficacy and specificity, particularly the identification of optimal therapeutic targets for clinical testing. Cancer/testis antigens are immunogenic, highly cancer-specific, and frequently expressed in various types of cancer, which make them promising candidate targets for cancer immunotherapy, including cancer vaccination and adoptive T-cell transfer with chimeric T-cell receptors. Our current understanding of tumor immunology and immune escape suggests that targeting oncogenic antigens may be beneficial, meaning that identification of cancer/testis antigens with oncogenic properties is of high priority. Recent work from our lab and others provide evidence that many cancer/testis antigens, in fact, have oncogenic functions, including support of growth, survival and metastasis. This novel insight into the function of cancer/testis antigens has the potential to deliver more effective cancer vaccines. Moreover, immune targeting of oncogenic cancer/testis antigens in combination with conventional cytotoxic therapies or novel immunotherapies such as checkpoint blockade or adoptive transfer, represents a highly synergistic approach with the potential to improve patient survival.
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Hagiwara Y, Sieverling L, Hanif F, Anton J, Dickinson ER, Bui TTT, Andreeva A, Barran PE, Cota E, Nikolova PV. Consequences of point mutations in melanoma-associated antigen 4 (MAGE-A4) protein: Insights from structural and biophysical studies. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25182. [PMID: 27121989 PMCID: PMC4848555 DOI: 10.1038/srep25182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Melanoma-Associated Antigen A4 (MAGE-A4) protein is a target for cancer therapy. The function of this protein is not well understood. We report the first comprehensive study on key cancer-associated MAGE-A4 mutations and provide analysis on the consequences of these mutations on the structure, folding and stability of the protein. Based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Circular Dichroism, these mutations had no significant effects on the structure and the folding of the protein. Some mutations affected the thermal stability of the protein remarkably. Native mass spectrometry of wild-type MAGE-A4 showed a broad charge state distribution suggestive of a structurally dynamic protein. Significant intensity was found in relatively low charge states, indicative of a predominantly globular form and some population in more extended states. The latter is supported by Ion Mobility measurements. The MAGE-A4 mutants exhibited similar features. These novel molecular insights shed further light on better understanding of these proteins, which are implicated in a wide range of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Hagiwara
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences &Medicine, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Lina Sieverling
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences &Medicine, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Farina Hanif
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences &Medicine, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Jensy Anton
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences &Medicine, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Eleanor R Dickinson
- Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass Spectrometry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Tam T T Bui
- Biomolecular Spectroscopy Centre, King's College London, The Wolfson Wing, Hodgkin Building, London SE1 1UL
| | | | - Perdita E Barran
- Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass Spectrometry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Ernesto Cota
- Imperial College London, Faculty of Natural Sciences, London, SW7 2AZ
| | - Penka V Nikolova
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences &Medicine, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NH, UK
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22
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Veit JA, Heine D, Thierauf J, Lennerz J, Shetty S, Schuler PJ, Whiteside T, Beutner D, Meyer M, Grünewald I, Ritter G, Gnjatic S, Sikora AG, Hoffmann TK, Laban S. Expression and clinical significance of MAGE and NY-ESO-1 cancer-testis antigens in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck. Head Neck 2016; 38:1008-16. [PMID: 26874246 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the head and neck is a rare but highly malignant tumor. Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) represent an immunogenic family of cancer-specific proteins and thus represent an attractive target for immunotherapy. METHODS Eighty-four cases of ACC were identified, the CTAs pan-Melanoma antigen (pan-MAGE; M3H67) and New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (NY-ESO-1; E978) were detected immunohistochemically (IHC) and correlated with clinical data. RESULTS Expression of NY-ESO-1 was found in 48 of 84 patients (57.1%) and of pan-MAGE in 28 of 84 patients (31.2%). Median overall survival (OS) in NY-ESO-1 positive versus negative patients was 130.8 and 282.0 months (p = .223), respectively. OS in pan-MAGE positive versus negative patients was 105.3 and 190.5 months, respectively (p = .096). Patients expressing both NY-ESO-1 and pan-MAGE simultaneously had significantly reduced OS with a median of 90.5 months compared with 282.0 months in negative patients (p = .047). CONCLUSION A significant fraction of patients with ACC show expression of the CTAs NY-ESO-1 and/or pan-MAGE with promising immunotherapeutic implications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1008-1016, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A Veit
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniela Heine
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Thierauf
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jochen Lennerz
- Department of Pathology, Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Subasch Shetty
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Kensington Hospital, Whangarei, New Zealand
| | - Patrick J Schuler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Theresa Whiteside
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dirk Beutner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Moritz Meyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Inga Grünewald
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerd Ritter
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Andrew G Sikora
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Guan D, Kao HY. The function, regulation and therapeutic implications of the tumor suppressor protein, PML. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:60. [PMID: 26539288 PMCID: PMC4632682 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein, promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), was originally identified in acute promyelocytic leukemia due to a chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17. PML is the core component of subnuclear structures called PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), which are disrupted in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. PML plays important roles in cell cycle regulation, survival and apoptosis, and inactivation or down-regulation of PML is frequently found in cancer cells. More than 120 proteins have been experimentally identified to physically associate with PML, and most of them either transiently or constitutively co-localize with PML-NBs. These interactions are associated with many cellular processes, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, transcriptional regulation, DNA repair and intermediary metabolism. Importantly, PML inactivation in cancer cells can occur at the transcriptional-, translational- or post-translational- levels. However, only a few somatic mutations have been found in cancer cells. A better understanding of its regulation and its role in tumor suppression will provide potential therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we discuss the role of PML in multiple tumor suppression pathways and summarize the players and stimuli that control PML protein expression or subcellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyin Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Hung-Ying Kao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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24
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PML IV/ARF interaction enhances p53 SUMO-1 conjugation, activation, and senescence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:14278-83. [PMID: 26578773 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1507540112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) nuclear bodies (NBs) recruit multiple partners, including p53 and many of its regulators. NBs are believed to facilitate several posttranslational modifications and are key regulators of senescence. PML, the organizer of NBs, is expressed as a number of splice variants that all efficiently recruit p53 partners. However, overexpression of only one of them, PML IV, triggers p53-driven senescence. Here, we show that PML IV specifically binds ARF, a key p53 regulator. Similar to ARF, PML IV enhances global SUMO-1 conjugation, particularly that of p53, resulting in p53 stabilization and activation. ARF interacts with and stabilizes the NB-associated UBC9 SUMO-conjugating enzyme, possibly explaining PML IV-enhanced SUMOylation. These results unexpectedly link two key tumor suppressors, highlighting their convergence for global control of SUMO conjugation, p53 activation, and senescence induction.
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25
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Peche LY, Ladelfa MF, Toledo MF, Mano M, Laiseca JE, Schneider C, Monte M. Human MageB2 Protein Expression Enhances E2F Transcriptional Activity, Cell Proliferation, and Resistance to Ribotoxic Stress. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:29652-62. [PMID: 26468294 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.671982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MageB2 belongs to the melanoma antigen gene (MAGE-I) family of tumor-specific antigens. Expression of this gene has been detected in human tumors of different origins. However, little is known about the protein function and how its expression affects tumor cell phenotypes. In this work, we found that human MageB2 protein promotes tumor cell proliferation in a p53-independent fashion, as observed both in cultured cells and growing tumors in mice. Gene expression analysis showed that MageB2 enhances the activity of E2F transcription factors. Mechanistically, the activation of E2Fs is related to the ability of MageB2 to interact with the E2F inhibitor HDAC1. Cellular distribution of MageB2 protein includes the nucleoli. Nevertheless, ribotoxic drugs rapidly promote its nucleolar exit. We show that MageB2 counteracts E2F inhibition by ribosomal proteins independently of Mdm2 expression. Importantly, MageB2 plays a critical role in impairing cell cycle arrest in response to Actinomycin D. The data presented here support a relevant function for human MageB2 in cancer cells both under cycling and stressed conditions, presenting a distinct functional feature with respect to other characterized MAGE-I proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Y Peche
- From the Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - María F Ladelfa
- the Departamento de Química Biológica and Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales/Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Toledo
- the Departamento de Química Biológica and Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales/Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miguel Mano
- the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy, and
| | - Julieta E Laiseca
- the Departamento de Química Biológica and Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales/Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio Schneider
- From the Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy, the Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, p.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Martín Monte
- the Departamento de Química Biológica and Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales/Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina,
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26
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Moarii M, Reyal F, Vert JP. Integrative DNA methylation and gene expression analysis to assess the universality of the CpG island methylator phenotype. Hum Genomics 2015; 9:26. [PMID: 26463173 PMCID: PMC4603341 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-015-0048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) was first characterized in colorectal cancer but since has been extensively studied in several other tumor types such as breast, bladder, lung, and gastric. CIMP is of clinical importance as it has been reported to be associated with prognosis or response to treatment. However, the identification of a universal molecular basis to define CIMP across tumors has remained elusive. Results We perform a genome-wide methylation analysis of over 2000 tumor samples from 5 cancer sites to assess the existence of a CIMP with common molecular basis across cancers. We then show that the CIMP phenotype is associated with specific gene expression variations. However, we do not find a common genetic signature in all tissues associated with CIMP. Conclusion Our results suggest the existence of a universal epigenetic and transcriptomic signature that defines the CIMP across several tumor types but does not indicate the existence of a common genetic signature of CIMP. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40246-015-0048-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matahi Moarii
- CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, Mines Paristech, PSL-Research University, 35 Rue Saint-Honore, Fontainebleau, F-77300, France. .,Department of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and System Biology, Institut Curie, 11-13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75248, France. .,U900, INSERM, 11-13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75248, France.
| | - Fabien Reyal
- UMR932, Immunity and Cancer Team, Institut Curie, 26 Rue d'Ulm, Paris, 75006, France. .,Department of Translational Research, Residual Tumor and Response to Treatment Team, Institut Curie, 26 Rue d'Ulm, Paris, 75006, France. .,Department of Surgery, Institut Curie, 26 Rue d'Ulm, Paris, 75006, France.
| | - Jean-Philippe Vert
- CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, Mines Paristech, PSL-Research University, 35 Rue Saint-Honore, Fontainebleau, F-77300, France. .,Department of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and System Biology, Institut Curie, 11-13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75248, France. .,U900, INSERM, 11-13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75248, France.
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27
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Gasperi V, Avigliano L, Evangelista D, Oddi S, Chiurchiù V, Lanuti M, Maccarrone M, Valeria Catani M. 2-Arachidonoylglycerol enhances platelet formation from human megakaryoblasts. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3938-47. [PMID: 25427281 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.982941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets modulate vascular system integrity, and their loss is critical in haematological pathologies and after chemotherapy. Therefore, identification of molecules enhancing platelet production would be useful to counteract thrombocytopenia. We have previously shown that 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) acts as a true agonist of platelets, as well as it commits erythroid precursors toward the megakaryocytic lineage. Against this background, we sought to further interrogate the role of 2-AG in megakaryocyte/platelet physiology by investigating terminal differentiation, and subsequent thrombopoiesis. To this end, we used MEG-01 cells, a human megakaryoblastic cell line able to produce in vitro platelet-like particles. 2-AG increased the number of cells showing ruffled surface and enhanced surface expression of specific megakaryocyte/platelet surface antigens, typical hallmarks of terminal megakaryocytic differentiation and platelet production. Changes in cytoskeleton modeling also occurred in differentiated megakaryocytes and blebbing platelets. 2-AG acted by binding to CB1 and CB2 receptors, because specific antagonists reverted its effect. Platelets were split off from megakaryocytes and were functional: they contained the platelet-specific surface markers CD61 and CD49, whose levels increased following stimulation with a natural agonist like collagen. Given the importance of 2-AG for driving megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis, not surprisingly we found that its hydrolytic enzymes were tightly controlled by classical inducers of megakaryocyte differentiation. In conclusion 2-AG, by triggering megakaryocyte maturation and platelet release, may have clinical efficacy to counteract thrombocytopenia-related diseases.
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Key Words
- 2-AG, 2-arachidonoylglycerol
- AEA, anandamide
- APC, allophycocyanin
- CB1, type-1 cannabinoid receptor
- CB2, type-2 cannabinoid receptor
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- DAGL, diacylglycerol lipase
- Differentiation
- FAAH, fatty acid amide hydrolase
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- HEL, human erythroleukemia
- MAGL, monoacylglycerol lipase
- PE, phycoerythrin
- TPA, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
- cluster of differentiation
- cytoskeleton
- eCB, endocannabinoid
- endocannabinoid system
- haematopoietic cells
- megakaryocytes
- platelets
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Gasperi
- a Department of Experimental Medicine & Surgery ; University of Rome Tor Vergata ; Rome , Italy
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Weon JL, Potts PR. The MAGE protein family and cancer. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2015; 37:1-8. [PMID: 26342994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Melanoma Antigen Gene (MAGE) protein family is a large, highly conserved group of proteins that share a common MAGE homology domain. Intriguingly, many MAGE proteins are restricted in expression to reproductive tissues, but are aberrantly expressed in a wide variety of cancer types. Originally discovered as antigens on tumor cells and developed as cancer immunotherapy targets, recent literature suggests a more prominent role for MAGEs in driving tumorigenesis. This review will highlight recent developments into the function of MAGEs as oncogenes, their mechanisms of action in regulation of ubiquitin ligases, and outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Weon
- Departments of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Patrick Ryan Potts
- Departments of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States.
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Marcar L, Ihrig B, Hourihan J, Bray SE, Quinlan PR, Jordan LB, Thompson AM, Hupp TR, Meek DW. MAGE-A Cancer/Testis Antigens Inhibit MDM2 Ubiquitylation Function and Promote Increased Levels of MDM4. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127713. [PMID: 26001071 PMCID: PMC4441487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma antigen A (MAGE-A) proteins comprise a structurally and biochemically similar sub-family of Cancer/Testis antigens that are expressed in many cancer types and are thought to contribute actively to malignancy. MAGE-A proteins are established regulators of certain cancer-associated transcription factors, including p53, and are activators of several RING finger-dependent ubiquitin E3 ligases. Here, we show that MAGE-A2 associates with MDM2, a ubiquitin E3 ligase that mediates ubiquitylation of more than 20 substrates including mainly p53, MDM2 itself, and MDM4, a potent p53 inhibitor and MDM2 partner that is structurally related to MDM2. We find that MAGE-A2 interacts with MDM2 via the N-terminal p53-binding pocket and the RING finger domain of MDM2 that is required for homo/hetero-dimerization and for E2 ligase interaction. Consistent with these data, we show that MAGE-A2 is a potent inhibitor of the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of MDM2, yet it does not have any significant effect on p53 turnover mediated by MDM2. Strikingly, however, increased MAGE-A2 expression leads to reduced ubiquitylation and increased levels of MDM4. Similarly, silencing of endogenous MAGE-A expression diminishes MDM4 levels in a manner that can be rescued by the proteasomal inhibitor, bortezomid, and permits increased MDM2/MDM4 association. These data suggest that MAGE-A proteins can: (i) uncouple the ubiquitin ligase and degradation functions of MDM2; (ii) act as potent inhibitors of E3 ligase function; and (iii) regulate the turnover of MDM4. We also find an association between the presence of MAGE-A and increased MDM4 levels in primary breast cancer, suggesting that MAGE-A-dependent control of MDM4 levels has relevance to cancer clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette Marcar
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Clinical Research Centre and Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital, James Arrott Drive, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Bianca Ihrig
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Clinical Research Centre and Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital, James Arrott Drive, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - John Hourihan
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Clinical Research Centre and Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital, James Arrott Drive, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E. Bray
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Clinical Research Centre and Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital, James Arrott Drive, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Philip R. Quinlan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Advanced Data Analysis Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lee B. Jordan
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Clinical Research Centre and Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital, James Arrott Drive, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair M. Thompson
- M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, 1400 Pressler Drive, Unit 1484, Houston, United States of America
| | - Ted R. Hupp
- p53 Signal Transduction Laboratory, Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Meek
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Clinical Research Centre and Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital, James Arrott Drive, Dundee, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Luna Vital DA, Loarca-Piña G, Dia VP, de Mejía EG. Peptides extracted from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) non-digestible fraction caused differential gene expression of HCT116 and RKO human colorectal cancer cells. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cancer testis antigen expression in testicular germ cell tumorigenesis. Mod Pathol 2014; 27:899-905. [PMID: 24232866 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cancer testis antigens are encoded by germ line-associated genes that are present in normal germ cells of testis and ovary but not in differentiated tissues. Their expression in various human cancer types has been interpreted as 're-expression' or as intratumoral progenitor cell signature. Cancer testis antigen expression patterns have not yet been studied in germ cell tumorigenesis with specific emphasis on intratubular germ cell neoplasia unclassified as a precursor lesion for testicular germ cell tumors. Immunohistochemistry was used to study MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEC1, GAGE1 and CTAG1B expression in 325 primary testicular germ cell tumors, including 94 mixed germ cell tumors. Seminomatous and non-seminomatous components were separately arranged and evaluated on tissue microarrays. Spermatogonia in the normal testis were positive, whereas intratubular germ cell neoplasia unclassified was negative for all five CT antigens. Cancer testis antigen expression was only found in 3% (CTAG1B), 10% (GAGE1, MAGEA4), 33% (MAGEA3) and 40% (MAGEC1) of classic seminoma but not in non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumors. In contrast, all spermatocytic seminomas were positive for cancer testis antigens. These data are consistent with a different cell origin in spermatocytic seminoma compared with classic seminoma and support a progression model with loss of cancer testis antigens in early tumorigenesis of testicular germ cell tumors and later re-expression in a subset of seminomas.
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Münch S, Weidtkamp-Peters S, Klement K, Grigaravicius P, Monajembashi S, Salomoni P, Pandolfi PP, Weißhart K, Hemmerich P. The tumor suppressor PML specifically accumulates at RPA/Rad51-containing DNA damage repair foci but is nonessential for DNA damage-induced fibroblast senescence. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:1733-46. [PMID: 24615016 PMCID: PMC4019039 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01345-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The PML tumor suppressor has been functionally implicated in DNA damage response and cellular senescence. Direct evidence for such a role based on PML knockdown or knockout approaches is still lacking. We have therefore analyzed the irradiation-induced DNA damage response and cellular senescence in human and mouse fibroblasts lacking PML. Our data show that PML nuclear bodies (NBs) nonrandomly associate with persistent DNA damage foci in unperturbed human skin and in high-dose-irradiated cell culture systems. PML bodies do not associate with transient γH2AX foci after low-dose gamma irradiation. Superresolution microscopy reveals that all PML bodies within a nucleus are engaged at Rad51- and RPA-containing repair foci during ongoing DNA repair. The lack of PML (i) does not majorly affect the DNA damage response, (ii) does not alter the efficiency of senescence induction after DNA damage, and (iii) does not affect the proliferative potential of primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts during serial passaging. Thus, while PML NBs specifically accumulate at Rad51/RPA-containing lesions and senescence-derived persistent DNA damage foci, they are not essential for DNA damage-induced and replicative senescence of human and murine fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Münch
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Paolo Salomoni
- University College London, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Klaus Weißhart
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, BioSciences Division, Jena, Germany
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Analysis of host gene expression changes reveals distinct roles for the cytoplasmic domain of the Epstein-Barr virus receptor/CD21 in B-cell maturation, activation, and initiation of virus infection. J Virol 2014; 88:5559-77. [PMID: 24600013 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03099-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) attachment to human CD21 on the B-cell surface initiates infection. Whether CD21 is a simple tether or conveys vital information to the cell interior for production of host factors that promote infection of primary B cells is controversial, as the cytoplasmic fragment of CD21 is short, though highly conserved. The ubiquity of CD21 on normal B cells, the diversity of this population, and the well-known resistance of primary B cells to gene transfer technologies have all impeded resolution of this question. To uncover the role(s) of the CD21 cytoplasmic domain during infection initiation, the full-length receptor (CD21=CR), a mutant lacking the entire cytoplasmic tail (CT), and a control vector (NEO) were stably expressed in two pre-B-cell lines that lack endogenous receptor. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis demonstrated that stable CD21 surface expression alone (either CR or CT) produced multiple independent changes in gene expression, though both dramatically decreased class I melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) family RNAs and upregulated genes associated with B-cell differentiation (e.g., C2TA, HLA-II, IL21R, MIC2, CD48, and PTPRCAP/CD45-associated protein). Temporal analysis spanning 72 h revealed that not only CR- but also CT-expressing lines initiated latency. In spite of this, the number and spectrum of transcripts altered in CR- compared with CT-bearing lines at 1 h after infection further diverged. Differential modulation of immediate early cellular transcripts (e.g., c-Jun and multiple histones), both novel and previously linked to CD21-initiated signaling, as well as distinct results from pathway analyses support a separate role for the cytoplasmic domain in initiation of intracellular signals. IMPORTANCE Membrane proteins that mediate virus attachment tether virus particles to the cell surface, initiating infection. In addition, upon virus interaction such proteins may transmit signals to the interior of the cell that support subsequent steps in the infection process. Here we show that expression of the Epstein-Barr virus B-cell attachment receptor, CD21, in B cells that lack this receptor results in significant changes in gene expression, both before and rapidly following EBV-CD21 interaction. These changes translate into major signaling pathway alterations that are predicted to support stable infection.
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Gamell C, Jan Paul P, Haupt Y, Haupt S. PML tumour suppression and beyond: Therapeutic implications. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2653-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Laban S, Atanackovic D, Luetkens T, Knecht R, Busch CJ, Freytag M, Spagnoli G, Ritter G, Hoffmann TK, Knuth A, Sauter G, Wilczak W, Blessmann M, Borgmann K, Muenscher A, Clauditz TS. Simultaneous cytoplasmic and nuclear protein expression of melanoma antigen-A family and NY-ESO-1 cancer-testis antigens represents an independent marker for poor survival in head and neck cancer. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:1142-52. [PMID: 24482145 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients remains poor. The identification of high-risk subgroups is needed for the development of custom-tailored therapies. The expression of cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) has been linked to a worse prognosis in other cancer types; however, their prognostic value in HNSCC is unclear because only few patients have been examined and data on CTA protein expression are sparse. A tissue microarray consisting of tumor samples from 453 HNSCC patients was evaluated for the expression of CTA proteins using immunohistochemistry. Frequency of expression and the subcellular expression pattern (nuclear, cytoplasmic, or both) was recorded. Protein expression of melanoma antigen (MAGE)-A family CTA, MAGE-C family CTA and NY-ESO-1 was found in approximately 30, 7 and 4% of tumors, respectively. The subcellular expression pattern in particular had a marked impact on the patients' prognosis. Median overall survival (OS) of patients with (i) simultaneous cytoplasmic and nuclear expression compared to (ii) either cytoplasmic or nuclear expression and (iii) negative patients was 23.0 versus 109.0 versus 102.5 months, for pan-MAGE (p < 0.0001), 46.6 versus 50.0 versus 109.0 for MAGE-A3/A4 (p = 0.0074) and 13.3 versus 50.0 versus 100.2 months for NY-ESO-1 (p = 0.0019). By multivariate analysis, these factors were confirmed as independent markers for poor survival. HNSCC patients showing protein expression of MAGE-A family members or NY-ESO-1 represent a subgroup with an extraordinarily poor survival. The development of immunotherapeutic strategies targeting these CTA may, therefore, be a promising approach to improve the outcome of HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Laban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
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36
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miR-16 and miR-26a target checkpoint kinases Wee1 and Chk1 in response to p53 activation by genotoxic stress. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e953. [PMID: 24336073 PMCID: PMC3877554 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The tumour suppressor p53 is a crucial regulator of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by acting as a transcription factor to regulate a variety of genes. At least in part, this control is exerted by p53 via regulating expression of numerous microRNAs. We identified two abundantly expressed microRNAs, miR-16 and miR-26a, whose expression is regulated by p53 during the checkpoint arrest induced by the genotoxic drug, doxorubicin. Importantly, among the targets of these miRs are two critical checkpoint kinases, Chk1 and Wee1. The p53-dependent augmentation of miR-16 and miR-26a expression levels led to the cell cycle arrest of tumour cells in G1/S and increased apoptosis. Strikingly, the bioinformatics analysis of survival times for patients with breast and prostate cancers has revealed that co-expression of mir-16 and miR-26a correlated with a better survival outcome. Collectively, our data provide a novel mechanism whereby p53 represses Chk1 and Wee1 expression, at least partially, via upregulation of miR-16 and miR-26a and thus sensitizes tumour cells to genotoxic therapies.
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Chillemi G, Davidovich P, D'Abramo M, Mametnabiev T, Garabadzhiu AV, Desideri A, Melino G. Molecular dynamics of the full-length p53 monomer. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:3098-108. [PMID: 23974096 DOI: 10.4161/cc.26162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is frequently mutated in a very large proportion of human tumors, where it seems to acquire gain-of-function activity that facilitates tumor onset and progression. A possible mechanism is the ability of mutant p53 proteins to physically interact with other proteins, including members of the same family, namely p63 and p73, inactivating their function. Assuming that this interaction might occurs at the level of the monomer, to investigate the molecular basis for this interaction, here, we sample the structural flexibility of the wild-type p53 monomeric protein. The results show a strong stability up to 850 ns in the DNA binding domain, with major flexibility in the N-terminal transactivations domains (TAD1 and TAD2) as well as in the C-terminal region (tetramerization domain). Several stable hydrogen bonds have been detected between N-terminal or C-terminal and DNA binding domain, and also between N-terminal and C-terminal. Essential dynamics analysis highlights strongly correlated movements involving TAD1 and the proline-rich region in the N-terminal domain, the tetramerization region in the C-terminal domain; Lys120 in the DNA binding region. The herein presented model is a starting point for further investigation of the whole protein tetramer as well as of its mutants.
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38
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Ivanschitz L, De Thé H, Le Bras M. PML, SUMOylation, and Senescence. Front Oncol 2013; 3:171. [PMID: 23847762 PMCID: PMC3701148 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery, 25 years ago, promyelocytic leukemia (PML) has been an enigma. Implicated in the oncogenic PML/RARA fusion, forming elusive intranuclear domains, triggering cell death or senescence, controlled by and perhaps controlling SUMOylation… there are multiple PML-related issues. Here we review the reciprocal interactions between PML, senescence, and SUMOylation, notably in the context of cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ivanschitz
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St. Louis , Paris , France ; INSERM UMR 944, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St. Louis , Paris , France ; CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St. Louis , Paris , France
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39
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Wolyniec K, Carney DA, Haupt S, Haupt Y. New Strategies to Direct Therapeutic Targeting of PML to Treat Cancers. Front Oncol 2013; 3:124. [PMID: 23730625 PMCID: PMC3656422 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor function of the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein was first identified as a result of its dysregulation in acute promyelocytic leukemia, however, its importance is now emerging far beyond hematological neoplasms, to an extensive range of malignancies, including solid tumors. In response to stress signals, PML coordinates the regulation of numerous proteins, which activate fundamental cellular processes that suppress tumorigenesis. Importantly, PML itself is the subject of specific post-translational modifications, including ubiquitination, phosphorylation, acetylation, and SUMOylation, which in turn control PML activity and stability and ultimately dictate cellular fate. Improved understanding of the regulation of this key tumor suppressor is uncovering potential opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Targeting the key negative regulators of PML in cancer cells such as casein kinase 2, big MAP kinase 1, and E6-associated protein, with specific inhibitors that are becoming available, provides unique and exciting avenues for restoring tumor suppression through the induction of apoptosis and senescence. These approaches could be combined with DNA damaging drugs and cytokines that are known to activate PML. Depending on the cellular context, reactivation or enhancement of tumor suppressive PML functions, or targeted elimination of aberrantly functioning PML, may provide clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Wolyniec
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreEast Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dennis A. Carney
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreEast Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreEast Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sue Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreEast Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreEast Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
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40
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PML-mediated signaling and its role in cancer stem cells. Oncogene 2013; 33:1475-84. [PMID: 23563177 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein, initially discovered as a part of the PML/retinoic acid receptor alpha fusion protein, has been found to be a critical player in oncogenesis and tumor progression. Multiple cellular activities, including DNA repair, alternative lengthening of telomeres, transcriptional control, apoptosis and senescence, are regulated by PML and its featured subcellular structure, the PML nuclear body. In correspondence with its role in many important life processes, PML mediates several complex downstream signaling pathways. The determinant function of PML in tumorigenesis and cancer progression raises the interest in its involvement in cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of cancer cells that share properties with stem cells and are critical for tumor propagation. Recently, there are exciting discoveries concerning the requirement of PML in CSC maintenance. Growing evidences strongly suggest a positive role of PML in regulating CSCs in both hematopoietic cancers and solid tumors, whereas the underlying mechanisms may be different and remain elusive. Here we summarize and discuss the PML-mediated signaling pathways in cancers and their potential roles in regulating CSCs.
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41
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Rufini A, Tucci P, Celardo I, Melino G. Senescence and aging: the critical roles of p53. Oncogene 2013; 32:5129-43. [PMID: 23416979 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 741] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
p53 functions as a transcription factor involved in cell-cycle control, DNA repair, apoptosis and cellular stress responses. However, besides inducing cell growth arrest and apoptosis, p53 activation also modulates cellular senescence and organismal aging. Senescence is an irreversible cell-cycle arrest that has a crucial role both in aging and as a robust physiological antitumor response, which counteracts oncogenic insults. Therefore, via the regulation of senescence, p53 contributes to tumor growth suppression, in a manner strictly dependent by its expression and cellular context. In this review, we focus on the recent advances on the contribution of p53 to cellular senescence and its implication for cancer therapy, and we will discuss p53's impact on animal lifespan. Moreover, we describe p53-mediated regulation of several physiological pathways that could mediate its role in both senescence and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rufini
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
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42
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Maroui MA, Kheddache-Atmane S, El Asmi F, Dianoux L, Aubry M, Chelbi-Alix MK. Requirement of PML SUMO interacting motif for RNF4- or arsenic trioxide-induced degradation of nuclear PML isoforms. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44949. [PMID: 23028697 PMCID: PMC3445614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PML, the organizer of nuclear bodies (NBs), is expressed in several isoforms designated PMLI to VII which differ in their C-terminal region due to alternative splicing of a single gene. This variability is important for the function of the different PML isoforms. PML NB formation requires the covalent linkage of SUMO to PML. Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) enhances PML SUMOylation leading to an increase in PML NB size and promotes its interaction with RNF4, a poly-SUMO-dependent ubiquitin E3 ligase responsible for proteasome-mediated PML degradation. Furthermore, the presence of a bona fide SUMO Interacting Motif (SIM) within the C-terminal region of PML seems to be required for recruitment of other SUMOylated proteins within PML NBs. This motif is present in all PML isoforms, except in the nuclear PMLVI and in the cytoplasmic PMLVII. Using a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assay in living cells, we found that As2O3 enhanced the SUMOylation and interaction with RNF4 of nuclear PML isoforms (I to VI). In addition, among the nuclear PML isoforms, only the one lacking the SIM sequence, PMLVI, was resistant to As2O3-induced PML degradation. Similarly, mutation of the SIM in PMLIII abrogated its sensitivity to As2O3-induced degradation. PMLVI and PMLIII-SIM mutant still interacted with RNF4. However, their resistance to the degradation process was due to their inability to be polyubiquitinated and to recruit efficiently the 20S core and the β regulatory subunit of the 11S complex of the proteasome in PML NBs. Such resistance of PMLVI to As2O3-induced degradation was alleviated by overexpression of RNF4. Our results demonstrate that the SIM of PML is dispensable for PML SUMOylation and interaction with RNF4 but is required for efficient PML ubiquitination, recruitment of proteasome components within NBs and proteasome-dependent degradation of PML in response to As2O3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Faten El Asmi
- CNRS, FRE 3235, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Muriel Aubry
- Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- * E-mail: (MKC); (MA)
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43
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Meek DW, Marcar L. MAGE-A antigens as targets in tumour therapy. Cancer Lett 2012; 324:126-32. [PMID: 22634429 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
MAGE-A proteins constitute a sub-family of Cancer-Testis Antigens which are expressed mainly, but not exclusively, in germ cells. They are also expressed in various human cancers where they are associated with, and may drive, malignancy. MAGE-A proteins are highly immunogenic and are considered as potential targets for cancer vaccines and/or immuno-therapy. Moreover, recent advances in our understanding of their molecular pathology have revealed interactions that offer potential as therapeutic targets. Here we review recent progress in this area and consider how these interactions might be exploited, especially for the treatment of malignant cancers for which available treatments are inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Meek
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom.
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44
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Lai F, Jin L, Gallagher S, Mijatov B, Zhang XD, Hersey P. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) as mediators of resistance to apoptosis in melanoma and as targets for combination therapy with selective BRAF inhibitors. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2012; 65:27-43. [PMID: 22959022 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-397927-8.00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
HDACs are viewed as enzymes used by cancer cells to inhibit tumor suppressor mechanisms. In particular, we discuss their role as suppressors of apoptosis in melanoma cells and as mediators of resistance to selective BRAF inhibitors. Synergistic increases in apoptosis are seen when pan-HDAC inhibitors are combined with selective BRAF inhibitors. Moreover, cell lines from patients with acquired resistance to Vemurafenib undergo PLX4720 induced apoptosis when combined with pan-HDAC inhibitors. The mechanisms of upregulation of HDACs and the mechanisms involved in HDACi reversal of resistance to apoptosis are as yet poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Lai
- Oncology and Immunology Unit, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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