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Chen L, Tang B, Xie G, Yang R, Zhang B, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Jiang D, Zhang X. Bovine Pluripotent Stem Cells: Current Status and Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2120. [PMID: 38396797 PMCID: PMC10889747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can differentiate into three germ layers and diverse autologous cell lines. Since cattle are the most commonly used large domesticated animals, an important food source, and bioreactors, great efforts have been made to establish bovine PSCs (bPSCs). bPSCs have great potential in bovine breeding and reproduction, modeling in vitro differentiation, imitating cancer development, and modeling diseases. Currently, bPSCs mainly include bovine embryonic stem cells (bESCs), bovine induced pluripotent stem cells (biPSCs), and bovine expanded potential stem cells (bEPSCs). Establishing stable bPSCs in vitro is a critical scientific challenge, and researchers have made numerous efforts to this end. In this review, the category of PSC pluripotency; the establishment of bESCs, biPSCs, and bEPSCs and its challenges; and the application outlook of bPSCs are discussed, aiming to provide references for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Bo Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Guanghong Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Boyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yueqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Daozhen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xueming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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2
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Moradi S, Guenther S, Soori S, Sharifi-Zarchi A, Kuenne C, Khoddami V, Tavakol P, Kreutzer S, Braun T, Baharvand H. Time-resolved Small-RNA Sequencing Identifies MicroRNAs Critical for Formation of Embryonic Stem Cells from the Inner Cell Mass of Mouse Embryos. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2361-2377. [PMID: 37402099 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Cells of the inner cell mass (ICM) acquire a unique ability for unlimited self-renewal during transition into embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro, while preserving their natural multi-lineage differentiation potential. Several different pathways have been identified to play roles in ESC formation but the function of non-coding RNAs in this process is poorly understood. Here, we describe several microRNAs (miRNAs) that are crucial for efficient generation of mouse ESCs from ICMs. Using small-RNA sequencing, we characterize dynamic changes in miRNA expression profiles during outgrowth of ICMs in a high-resolution, time-course dependent manner. We report several waves of miRNA transcription during ESC formation, to which miRNAs from the imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 locus contribute extensively. In silico analyses followed by functional investigations reveal that Dlk1-Dio3 locus-embedded miRNAs (miR-541-5p, miR-410-3p, and miR-381-3p), miR-183-5p, and miR-302b-3p promote, while miR-212-5p and let-7d-3p inhibit ESC formation. Collectively, these findings offer new mechanistic insights into the role of miRNAs during ESC derivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Moradi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Stefan Guenther
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Samira Soori
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sharifi-Zarchi
- Computer Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Carsten Kuenne
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Vahid Khoddami
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouya Tavakol
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Susanne Kreutzer
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Noncanonical roles of p53 in cancer stemness and their implications in sarcomas. Cancer Lett 2022; 525:131-145. [PMID: 34742870 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of the prominent tumor suppressor p53, well known for its canonical role as the "guardian of the genome", is found in almost half of human cancers. More recently, p53 has been suggested to be a crucial regulator of stemness, orchestrating the differentiation of embryonal and adult stem cells, suppressing reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells, or inhibiting cancer stemness (i.e., cancer stem cells, CSCs), which underlies the development of therapy-resistant tumors. This review addresses these noncanonical roles of p53 and their implications in sarcoma initiation and progression. Indeed, dysregulation of p53 family proteins is a common event in sarcomas and is associated with poor survival. Additionally, emerging studies have demonstrated that loss of wild-type p53 activity hinders the terminal differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and leads to the development of aggressive sarcomas. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of aberrant p53 in sarcoma development and stemness and further describes therapeutic approaches to restore normal p53 activity as a promising anti-CSC strategy to treat refractory sarcomas.
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4
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Jeffery D, Gatto A, Podsypanina K, Renaud-Pageot C, Ponce Landete R, Bonneville L, Dumont M, Fachinetti D, Almouzni G. CENP-A overexpression promotes distinct fates in human cells, depending on p53 status. Commun Biol 2021; 4:417. [PMID: 33772115 PMCID: PMC7997993 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour evolution is driven by both genetic and epigenetic changes. CENP-A, the centromeric histone H3 variant, is an epigenetic mark that directly perturbs genetic stability and chromatin when overexpressed. Although CENP-A overexpression is a common feature of many cancers, how this impacts cell fate and response to therapy remains unclear. Here, we established a tunable system of inducible and reversible CENP-A overexpression combined with a switch in p53 status in human cell lines. Through clonogenic survival assays, single-cell RNA-sequencing and cell trajectory analysis, we uncover the tumour suppressor p53 as a key determinant of how CENP-A impacts cell state, cell identity and therapeutic response. If p53 is functional, CENP-A overexpression promotes senescence and radiosensitivity. Surprisingly, when we inactivate p53, CENP-A overexpression instead promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, an essential process in mammalian development but also a precursor for tumour cell invasion and metastasis. Thus, we uncover an unanticipated function of CENP-A overexpression to promote cell fate reprogramming, with important implications for development and tumour evolution.
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Grants
- Ligue Contre le Cancer
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (French National Research Agency)
- Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL Research University)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (National Center for Scientific Research)
- Institut Curie
- AG, CRP, DJ, KP, LB, RPL and GA were supported by la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer (Equipe labellisée Ligue), Labex DEEP (ANR-11-LABX-0044_DEEP, ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02), PSL, ERC-2015-ADG-694694 ChromADICT and ANR-16-CE12-0024 CHIFT. Funding for RPL provided by Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Initial Training Network “EpiSyStem” (grant number 765966). Individual funding was also provided to DJ from la Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer (“Aides individuelles” 3 years, post-doc), and to AG from the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions grant agreement 798106 “REPLICHROM4D”). DF receives salary support from the Centre Nationale de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). MD receives salary support from the City of Paris via Emergence(s) 2018 of DF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jeffery
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Nuclear Dynamics Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Alberto Gatto
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Nuclear Dynamics Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Katrina Podsypanina
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Nuclear Dynamics Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Charlène Renaud-Pageot
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Nuclear Dynamics Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Rebeca Ponce Landete
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Nuclear Dynamics Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Lorraine Bonneville
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Nuclear Dynamics Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Marie Dumont
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, Sorbonne Université, Cell Biology and Cancer Unit, Paris, France
| | - Daniele Fachinetti
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, Sorbonne Université, Cell Biology and Cancer Unit, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Almouzni
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Nuclear Dynamics Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
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5
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Ojima T, Kawami M, Yumoto R, Takano M. Differential mechanisms underlying methotrexate-induced cell death and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in A549 cells. Toxicol Res 2020; 37:293-300. [PMID: 34295794 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00067-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a biological process through which epithelial cells transdifferentiate into mesenchymal cells, is involved in several pathological events, such as cancer progression and organ fibrosis. So far, we have found that methotrexate (MTX), an anticancer drug, induced EMT in the human A549 alveolar adenocarcinoma cell line. However, the relationship between EMT and the cytotoxicity induced by MTX remains unclear. In this study, we compared the processes of MTX-induced EMT and apoptosis in A549 cells. Q-VD-Oph, a caspase inhibitor, suppressed MTX-induced apoptosis, but not the increase in mRNA expression of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), a representative EMT marker. In addition, SB431542, an EMT inhibitor, did not inhibit MTX-induced apoptosis. By using isolated clonal cells from wild-type A549 cells, the induction of EMT and apoptosis by MTX in each clone was analyzed, and no significant correlation was observed between the MTX-induced increase in α-SMA mRNA expression and the proportion of cells undergoing apoptosis. Furthermore, the increase in the mRNA expression of α-SMA was well correlated with cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, a cell cycle arrest marker, but not with BCL-2 binding component 3 and Fas cell surface death receptor, which are both pro-apoptotic factors, indicating that the MTX-induced EMT may be related to cell cycle arrest, but not to apoptosis. These findings suggested that different mechanisms were involved in the MTX-induced EMT and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamichi Ojima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553 Japan
| | - Masashi Kawami
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553 Japan
| | - Ryoko Yumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553 Japan
| | - Mikihisa Takano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553 Japan
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6
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Koifman G, Aloni-Grinstein R, Rotter V. p53 balances between tissue hierarchy and anarchy. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:553-563. [PMID: 30925590 PMCID: PMC6735948 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal tissues are organized in a hierarchical model, whereas at the apex of these hierarchies reside stem cells (SCs) capable of self-renewal and of producing differentiated cellular progenies, leading to normal development and homeostasis. Alike, tumors are organized in a hierarchical manner, with cancer SCs residing at the apex, contributing to the development and nourishment of tumors. p53, the well-known ‘guardian of the genome’, possesses various roles in embryonic development as well as in adult SC life and serves as the ‘guardian of tissue hierarchy’. Moreover, p53 serves as a barrier for dedifferentiation and reprogramming by constraining the cells to a somatic state and preventing their conversion to SCs. On the contrary, the mutant forms of p53 that lost their tumor suppressor activity and gain oncogenic functions serve as ‘inducers of tissue anarchy’ and promote cancer development. In this review, we discuss these two sides of the p53 token that sentence a tissue either to an ordered hierarchy and life or to anarchy and death. A better understanding of these processes may open new horizons for the development of new cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Koifman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ronit Aloni-Grinstein
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Varda Rotter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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7
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Pillai VV, Kei TG, Reddy SE, Das M, Abratte C, Cheong SH, Selvaraj V. Induced pluripotent stem cell generation from bovine somatic cells indicates unmet needs for pluripotency sustenance. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:1149-1160. [PMID: 31322312 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms that direct reprogramming of differentiated somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), albeit incomplete in understanding, are highly conserved across all mammalian species studied. Equally, proof of principle that iPSCs can be derived from domestic cattle has been reported in several publications. In our efforts to derive and study bovine iPSCs, we encountered inadequacy of methods to generate, sustain, and characterize these cells. Our results suggest that iPSC protocols optimized for mouse and human somatic cells do not effectively translate to bovine somatic cells, which show some refractoriness to reprogramming that also affects sustenance. Moreover, methods that enhance reprogramming efficiency in mouse and human cells had no effect on improving bovine cell reprogramming. Although use of retroviral vectors coding for bovine OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, cMYC, and NANOG appeared to produce consistent iPSC-like cells from both fibroblasts and cells from the Wharton's jelly, these colonies could not be sustained. Use of bovine genes could successfully reprogram both mouse and human cells. These findings indicated either incomplete reprogramming and/or discordant/inadequate culture conditions for bovine pluripotent stem cells. Therefore, additional studies that advance core knowledge of bovine pluripotency are necessary before any anticipated iPSC-driven bovine technologies can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viju V Pillai
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tiffany G Kei
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shannon E Reddy
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Moubani Das
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Christian Abratte
- iPSC Core Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Soon H Cheong
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Vimal Selvaraj
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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8
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Rastogi A, Joshi P, Contreras E, Gama V. Remodeling of mitochondrial morphology and function: an emerging hallmark of cellular reprogramming. Cell Stress 2019; 3:181-194. [PMID: 31225513 PMCID: PMC6558935 DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.06.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in the stem cell field has traditionally focused on understanding key transcriptional factors that provide pluripotent cell identity. However, much less is known about other critical non-transcriptional signaling networks that govern stem cell identity. Although we continue to gain critical insights into the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial morphology and function during cellular reprogramming – the process of reverting the fate of a differentiated cell into a stem cell, many uncertainties remain. Recent studies suggest an emerging landscape in which mitochondrial morphology and function have an active role in maintaining and regulating changes in cell identity. In this review, we will focus on these emerging concepts as crucial modulators of cellular reprogramming. Recognition of the widespread applicability of these concepts will increase our understanding of the mitochondrial mechanisms involved in cell identity, cell fate and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Rastogi
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Piyush Joshi
- Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Ela Contreras
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Vivian Gama
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240.,Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240.,Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
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9
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Sherstyuk VV, Davletshina GI, Vyatkin YV, Shtokalo DN, Vlasov VV, Zakian SM. A New MicroRNA Cluster Involved in the Reprogramming to a Pluripotent State. Acta Naturae 2019; 11:92-97. [PMID: 31413885 PMCID: PMC6643346 DOI: 10.32607/20758251-2019-11-2-92-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent state is a complex, multistage
process that is regulated by many factors. Among these factors, non-coding RNAs
and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been intensively studied in recent years. MiRNAs
play an important role in many processes, particularly in cell reprogramming.
In this study, we investigated the reprogramming of rat fibroblasts with a
deleted locus encoding a cluster comprising 14 miRNAs (from miR-743a to
miR-465). The deletion of this locus was demonstrated to decrease significantly
the efficiency of the cell reprogramming. In addition, the cells produced by
the reprogramming differed from rat embryonic and induced pluripotent stem
cells, which was an indication that reprogramming in these cells had not been
completed. We suggest that this miRNA cluster or some of its members are
involved in regulating the reprogramming of rat cells to a pluripotent state.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. V. Sherstyuk
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Lavrentyeva Ave. 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- E.Meshalkin National medical research center Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Rechkunovskaya Str. 15, Novosibirsk, 630055, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentyeva Ave. 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - G. I. Davletshina
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Lavrentyeva Ave. 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- E.Meshalkin National medical research center Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Rechkunovskaya Str. 15, Novosibirsk, 630055, Russia
| | - Y. V. Vyatkin
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- AcademGene LLC, Lavrentyeva Ave. 6, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- St. Laurent Institute, New Boston St., 317, 01801, Woburn, MA, USA
| | - D. N. Shtokalo
- AcademGene LLC, Lavrentyeva Ave. 6, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- St. Laurent Institute, New Boston St., 317, 01801, Woburn, MA, USA
- A.P.Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems SB RAS, Lavrentyeva Ave. 6, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - V. V. Vlasov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentyeva Ave. 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - S. M. Zakian
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Lavrentyeva Ave. 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- E.Meshalkin National medical research center Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Rechkunovskaya Str. 15, Novosibirsk, 630055, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentyeva Ave. 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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10
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Wang L, Li Y, Li L, Wu Z, Wu Y, Ma H, Yu H, Yang D, Wang D. Role of Kruppel-like factor 4 in regulating inhibitor of apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53 in the progression of gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6865-6872. [PMID: 29849786 PMCID: PMC5962871 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality. The overexpression of inhibitor of apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53 (iASPP) has been detected in GC tissues but the function of iASPP in the viability of GC cells and its underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a tumor suppressor gene in GC and it may interact with p53. iASPP is an evolutionarily conserved inhibitor of p53, whereas KLF4 may be negatively associated with iASPP in GC. However, whether KLF4 has regulatory effects on iASPP remains to be investigated. The objective of the present study was to examine the function of iASPP and KLF4 in the proliferation of GC cells and to determine whether KLF4 has regulatory effects on iASPP. It was demonstrated that iASPP was upregulated and KLF4 was downregulated in GC cell lines. Downregulation of iASPP inhibited the proliferation and colony formation ability, and promoted the apoptosis of GC cells. Additionally, upregulation of KLF4 inhibited the proliferation and colony formation ability, and promoted apoptosis of GC cells. Furthermore, upregulation of KLF4 inhibited the expression of iASPP. Upregulation of iASPP following overexpression of KLF4 reversed the KLF4-mediated effects in GC cells. In vivo upregulation of KLF4 or downregulation of iASPP inhibited the growth of tumors, whereas upregulation of iASPP promoted the growth of tumors. In conclusion, iASPP may act as an oncogene that promotes the proliferation of GC cells. The results demonstrated that KLF4 was a negative regulatory factor of iASPP and that overexpression of iASPP inhibited the effects of KLF4. Thus, downregulation of KLF4 in GC may lead to overexpression of iASPP and promote the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Luchun Li
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Zhijuan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Yongzhong Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Huiwen Ma
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Huiqing Yu
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Donglin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
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11
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p53-Dependent and -Independent Epithelial Integrity: Beyond miRNAs and Metabolic Fluctuations. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060162. [PMID: 29799511 PMCID: PMC6024951 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its classical roles as a tumor suppressor, p53 has also been shown to act as a guardian of epithelial integrity by inducing the microRNAs that target transcriptional factors driving epithelial⁻mesenchymal transition. On the other hand, the ENCODE project demonstrated an enrichment of putative motifs for the binding of p53 in epithelial-specific enhancers, such as CDH1 (encoding E-cadherin) enhancers although its biological significance remained unknown. Recently, we identified two novel modes of epithelial integrity (i.e., maintenance of CDH1 expression): one involves the binding of p53 to a CDH1 enhancer region and the other does not. In the former, the binding of p53 is necessary to maintain permissive histone modifications around the CDH1 transcription start site, whereas in the latter, p53 does not bind to this region nor affect histone modifications. Furthermore, these mechanisms likely coexisted within the same tissue. Thus, the mechanisms involved in epithelial integrity appear to be much more complex than previously thought. In this review, we describe our findings, which may instigate further experimental scrutiny towards understanding the whole picture of epithelial integrity as well as the related complex asymmetrical functions of p53. Such understanding will be important not only for cancer biology but also for the safety of regenerative medicine.
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Abstract
Most human cancers harbor mutations in the gene encoding p53. As a result, research on p53 in the past few decades has focused primarily on its role as a tumor suppressor. One consequence of this focus is that the functions of p53 in development have largely been ignored. However, recent advances, such as the genomic profiling of embryonic stem cells, have uncovered the significance and mechanisms of p53 functions in mammalian cell differentiation and development. As we review here, these recent findings reveal roles that complement the well-established roles for p53 in tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav K Jain
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Stem Cell and Development Biology, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michelle Craig Barton
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Stem Cell and Development Biology, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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13
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Zhang Y, Hao J, Zeng J, Li Q, Rao E, Sun Y, Liu L, Mandal A, Landers VD, Morris RJ, Cleary MP, Suttles J, Li B. Epidermal FABP Prevents Chemical-Induced Skin Tumorigenesis by Regulation of TPA-Induced IFN/p53/SOX2 Pathway in Keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1925-1934. [PMID: 29559340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skin lipids (e.g., fatty acids) are essential for normal skin functions. Epidermal FABP (E-FABP) is the predominant FABP expressed in skin epidermis. However, the role of E-FABP in skin homeostasis and pathology remains largely unknown. Herein, we utilized the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and 12-O-tetradecanolyphorbol-13-acetate-induced skin tumorigenesis model to assess the role of E-FABP in chemical-induced skin tumorigenesis. Compared to their wild-type littermates, mice deficient in E-FABP, but not adipose FABP, developed more skin tumors with higher incidence. 12-O-tetradecanolyphorbol-13-acetate functioning as a tumor promoter induced E-FABP expression and initiated extensive flaring inflammation in skin. Interestingly, 12-O-tetradecanolyphorbol-13-acetate -induced production of IFN-β and IFN-λ in the skin tissue was dependent on E-FABP expression. Further protein and gene expression arrays demonstrated that E-FABP was critical in enhancing IFN-induced p53 responses and in suppressing SOX2 expression in keratinocytes. Thus, E-FABP expression in skin suppresses chemical-induced skin tumorigenesis through regulation of IFN/p53/SOX2 pathway. Collectively, our data suggest an unknown function of E-FABP in prevention of skin tumor development, and offer E-FABP as a therapeutic target for improving skin innate immunity in chemical-induced skin tumor prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jiaqing Hao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jun Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Enyu Rao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yanwen Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lianliang Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Anita Mandal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - V Douglas Landers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Rebecca J Morris
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
| | - Margot P Cleary
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jill Suttles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
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14
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Puisieux A, Pommier RM, Morel AP, Lavial F. Cellular Pliancy and the Multistep Process of Tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:164-172. [PMID: 29438693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Completion of early stages of tumorigenesis relies on the dynamic interplay between the initiating oncogenic event and the cellular context. Here, we review recent findings indicating that each differentiation stage within a defined cellular lineage is associated with a unique susceptibility to malignant transformation when subjected to a specific oncogenic insult. This emerging notion, named cellular pliancy, provides a rationale for the short delay in the development of pediatric cancers of prenatal origin. It also highlights the critical role of cellular reprogramming in early steps of malignant transformation of adult differentiated cells and its impact on the natural history of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Puisieux
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer "EMT and Cancer Cell Plasticity", Lyon 69008, France; LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.
| | - Roxane M Pommier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer "EMT and Cancer Cell Plasticity", Lyon 69008, France; LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Pierre Morel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer "EMT and Cancer Cell Plasticity", Lyon 69008, France; LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Fabrice Lavial
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Equipe "Cellular Reprogramming and Oncogenesis", Lyon 69008, France
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15
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Hosain SB, Khiste SK, Uddin MB, Vorubindi V, Ingram C, Zhang S, Hill RA, Gu X, Liu YY. Inhibition of glucosylceramide synthase eliminates the oncogenic function of p53 R273H mutant in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and induced pluripotency of colon cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60575-60592. [PMID: 27517620 PMCID: PMC5312403 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Missense mutation of tumor suppressor p53, which exhibits oncogenic gain-of-function (GOF), not only promotes tumor progression, but also diminishes therapeutic efficacies of cancer treatments. However, it remains unclear how a p53 missense mutant contributes to induced pluripotency of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in tumors exposed to chemotherapeutic agents. More importantly, it may be possible to abrogate the GOF by restoring wild-type p53 activity, thereby overcoming the deleterious effects resulting from heterotetramer formation, which often compromises the efficacies of current approaches being used to reactivate p53 function. Herewith, we report that p53 R273H missense mutant urges cancer cells to spawn CSCs. SW48/TP53 cells, which heterozygously carry the p53 R273H hot-spot mutant (R273H/+, introduced by a CRISPR/Casp9 system), were subchronically exposed to doxorubicin in cell culture and in tumor-bearing mice. We found that p53-R273H (TP53-Dox) cells were drug-resistant and exhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increased numbers of CSCs (CD44v6+/CD133+), which resulted in enhanced wound healing and tumor formation. Inhibition of glucosylceramide synthase with d-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PDMP) sensitized p53-R273H cancer cells and tumor xenografts to doxorubicin treatments. Intriguingly, PDMP treatments restored wild-type p53 expression in heterozygous R273H mutant cells and in tumors, decreasing CSCs and sensitizing cells and tumors to treatments. This study demonstrated that p53-R273H promotes EMT and induced pluripotency of CSCs in cancer cells exposed to doxorubicin, mainly through Zeb1 and β-catenin transcription factors. Our results further indicate that restoration of p53 through inhibition of ceramide glycosylation might be an effective treatment approach for targeting cancers heterozygously harboring TP53 missense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman B Hosain
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Sachin K Khiste
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Mohammad B Uddin
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Vindya Vorubindi
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Catherine Ingram
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Sifang Zhang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ronald A Hill
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Xin Gu
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Yong-Yu Liu
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
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16
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Choi SK, Pandiyan K, Eun JW, Yang X, Hong SH, Nam SW, Jones PA, Liang G, You JS. Epigenetic landscape change analysis during human EMT sheds light on a key EMT mediator TRIM29. Oncotarget 2017; 8:98322-98335. [PMID: 29228692 PMCID: PMC5716732 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key trans-differentiation process, which plays a critical role in physiology and pathology. Although gene expression changes in EMT have been scrutinized, study of epigenome is in its infancy. To understand epigenetic changes during TWIST-driven EMT, we used the AcceSssIble assay to study DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility in human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). The DNA methylation changes were found to have functional significance in EMT - i.e. methylated genes were enriched for E-box motifs that can be recognized by TWIST, at the promoters suggesting a potential targeting phenomenon, whereas the demethylated regions were enriched for pro-metastatic genes, supporting the role of EMT in metastasis. TWIST-induced EMT triggers alterations in chromatin accessibility both independent of and dependent on DNA methylation changes, primarily resulting in closed chromatin conformation. By overlapping the genes, whose chromatin structure is changed during early EMT and a known "core EMT signature", we identified 18 driver candidate genes during EMT, 14 upregulated and 4 downregulated genes with corresponding chromatin structure changes. Among 18 genes, we focused on TRIM29 as a novel marker of EMT. Although loss of TRIM29 is insufficient to suppress CDH, it is enough to induce CDH2 and VIM. Gene functional annotation analysis shows the involvement of TRIM29 in epidermal development, cell differentiation and cell migration. Taken together, our results provide a robust snapshot of chromatin state during human EMT and identify TRIM29 as a core mediator of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kurinji Pandiyan
- Departments of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jung Woo Eun
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Departments of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seong Hwi Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk Woo Nam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Gangning Liang
- Departments of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jueng Soo You
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Science, KonKuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Martin-Lopez M, Maeso-Alonso L, Fuertes-Alvarez S, Balboa D, Rodríguez-Cortez V, Weltner J, Diez-Prieto I, Davis A, Wu Y, Otonkoski T, Flores ER, Menéndez P, Marques MM, Marin MC. p73 is required for appropriate BMP-induced mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition during somatic cell reprogramming. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3034. [PMID: 28880267 PMCID: PMC5636977 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by somatic cell reprogramming holds great potential for modeling human diseases. However, the reprogramming process remains very inefficient and a better understanding of its basic biology is required. The mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) has been recognized as a crucial step for the successful reprogramming of fibroblasts into iPSCs. It has been reported that the p53 tumor suppressor gene acts as a barrier of this process, while its homolog p63 acts as an enabling factor. In this regard, the information concerning the role of the third homolog, p73, during cell reprogramming is limited. Here, we derive total Trp73 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts, with or without Trp53, and examine their reprogramming capacity. We show that p73 is required for effective reprogramming by the Yamanaka factors, even in the absence of p53. Lack of p73 affects the early stages of reprogramming, impairing the MET and resulting in altered maturation and stabilization phases. Accordingly, the obtained p73-deficient iPSCs have a defective epithelial phenotype and alterations in the expression of pluripotency markers. We demonstrate that p73 deficiency impairs the MET, at least in part, by hindering BMP pathway activation. We report that p73 is a positive modulator of the BMP circuit, enhancing its activation by DNp73 repression of the Smad6 promoter. Collectively, these findings provide mechanistic insight into the MET process, proposing p73 as an enhancer of MET during cellular reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martin-Lopez
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, University of León, University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana, Leon, Spain
| | - Laura Maeso-Alonso
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, University of León, University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana, Leon, Spain
| | - Sandra Fuertes-Alvarez
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, University of León, University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana, Leon, Spain
| | - Diego Balboa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virginia Rodríguez-Cortez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine. School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jere Weltner
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Inmaculada Diez-Prieto
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, University of León, University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana, Leon, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Cirugía y Anatomía Veterinaria, University of León, Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain
| | - Andrew Davis
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yaning Wu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine. School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita M Marques
- Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero and Departamento de Producción Animal, University of León, Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain
| | - Maria C Marin
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, University of León, University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana, Leon, Spain
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18
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Molchadsky A, Rotter V. p53 and its mutants on the slippery road from stemness to carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:347-358. [PMID: 28334334 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal development, tissue homeostasis and regeneration following injury rely on the proper functions of wide repertoire of stem cells (SCs) persisting during embryonic period and throughout the adult life. Therefore, SCs employ robust mechanisms to preserve their genomic integrity and avoid heritage of mutations to their daughter cells. Importantly, propagation of SCs with faulty DNA as well as dedifferentiation of genomically altered somatic cells may result in derivation of cancer SCs, which are considered to be the driving force of the tumorigenic process. Multiple experimental evidence suggest that p53, the central tumor suppressor gene, plays a critical regulatory role in determination of SCs destiny, thereby eliminating damaged SCs from the general SC population. Notably, mutant p53 proteins do not only lose the tumor suppressive function, but rather gain new oncogenic function that markedly promotes various aspects of carcinogenesis. In this review, we elaborate on the role of wild type and mutant p53 proteins in the various SCs types that appear under homeostatic conditions as well as in cancer. It is plausible that the growing understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer SC phenotype and p53 malfunction will allow future optimization of cancer therapeutics in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Molchadsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Varda Rotter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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19
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Sarig R, Tzahor E. The cancer paradigms of mammalian regeneration: can mammals regenerate as amphibians? Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:359-366. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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20
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Shetzer Y, Molchadsky A, Rotter V. Oncogenic Mutant p53 Gain of Function Nourishes the Vicious Cycle of Tumor Development and Cancer Stem-Cell Formation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:cshperspect.a026203. [PMID: 27235476 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
More than half of human tumors harbor an inactivated p53 tumor-suppressor gene. It is well accepted that mutant p53 shows an oncogenic gain-of-function (GOF) activity that facilitates the transformed phenotype of cancer cells. In addition, a growing body of evidence supports the notion that cancer stem cells comprise a seminal constituent in the initiation and progression of cancer development. Here, we elaborate on the mutant p53 oncogenic GOF leading toward the acquisition of a transformed phenotype, as well as placing mutant p53 as a major component in the establishment of cancer stem cell entity. Therefore, therapy targeted toward cancer stem cells harboring mutant p53 is expected to pave the way to eradicate tumor growth and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Shetzer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alina Molchadsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Varda Rotter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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21
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Peritoneal expression of Matrilysin helps identify early post-operative recurrence of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:13402-15. [PMID: 25596746 PMCID: PMC4537023 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) following a potentially curative resection is a challenging clinical problem. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) is over-expressed by CRC cells and supposed to play a major role in CRC cell diffusion and metastasis. MMP-7 RNA expression was assessed by real-time PCR using specific primers in peritoneal washing fluid obtained during surgical procedure. After surgery, patients underwent a regular follow up for assessing recurrence. transcripts for MMP-7 were detected in 31/57 samples (54%). Patients were followed-up (range 20-48 months) for recurrence prevention. Recurrence was diagnosed in 6 out of 55 patients (11%) and two patients eventually died because of this. Notably, all the six patients who had relapsed were positive for MMP-7. Sensitivity and specificity of the test were 100% and 49% respectively. Data from patients have also been corroborated by computational approaches. Public available coloncarcinoma datasets have been employed to confirm MMP7 clinical impact on the disease. Interestingly, MMP-7 expression appeared correlated to Tgfb-1, and correlation of the two factors represented a poor prognostic factor. This study proposes positivity of MMP-7 in peritoneal cavity as a novel biomarker for predicting disease recurrence in patients with CRC.
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22
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Ebrahimi B. Reprogramming barriers and enhancers: strategies to enhance the efficiency and kinetics of induced pluripotency. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 4:10. [PMID: 26566431 PMCID: PMC4642739 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-015-0024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells are powerful tools for disease modeling, drug screening, and cell transplantation therapies. These cells can be generated directly from somatic cells by ectopic expression of defined factors through a reprogramming process. However, pluripotent reprogramming is an inefficient process because of various defined and unidentified barriers. Recent studies dissecting the molecular mechanisms of reprogramming have methodically improved the quality, ease, and efficiency of reprogramming. Different strategies have been applied for enhancing reprogramming efficiency, including depletion/inhibition of barriers (p53, p21, p57, p16(Ink4a)/p19(Arf), Mbd3, etc.), overexpression of enhancing genes (e.g., FOXH1, C/EBP alpha, UTF1, and GLIS1), and administration of certain cytokines and small molecules. The current review provides an in-depth overview of the cutting-edge findings regarding distinct barriers of reprogramming to pluripotency and strategies to enhance reprogramming efficiency. By incorporating the mechanistic insights from these recent findings, a combined method of inhibition of roadblocks and application of enhancing factors may yield the most reliable and effective approach in pluripotent reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Ebrahimi
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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23
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Antonov A, Agostini M, Morello M, Minieri M, Melino G, Amelio I. Bioinformatics analysis of the serine and glycine pathway in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:11004-13. [PMID: 25436979 PMCID: PMC4294344 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine and glycine are amino acids that provide the essential precursors for the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. Employing 3 subsequent enzymes, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH), phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1), 3-phosphoglycerate from glycolysis can be converted in serine, which in turn can by converted in glycine by serine methyl transferase (SHMT). Besides proving precursors for macromolecules, serine/glycine biosynthesis is also required for the maintenance of cellular redox state. Therefore, this metabolic pathway has a pivotal role in proliferating cells, including cancer cells. In the last few years an emerging literature provides genetic and functional evidences that hyperactivation of serine/glycine biosynthetic pathway drives tumorigenesis. Here, we extend these observations performing a bioinformatics analysis using public cancer datasets. Our analysis highlighted the relevance of PHGDH and SHMT2 expression as prognostic factor for breast cancer, revealing a substantial ability of these enzymes to predict patient survival outcome. However analyzing patient datasets of lung cancer our analysis reveled that some other enzymes of the pathways, rather than PHGDH, might be associated to prognosis. Although these observations require further investigations they might suggest a selective requirement of some enzymes in specific cancer types, recommending more cautions in the development of novel translational opportunities and biomarker identification of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Antonov
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK. Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Maria Morello
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Marilena Minieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK. Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy. Biochemistry Laboratory IDI-IRCC, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
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24
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Wu T, Donohoe ME. The converging roles of BRD4 and gene transcription in pluripotency and oncogenesis. RNA & DISEASE 2015; 2:e894. [PMID: 26405693 PMCID: PMC4578175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, U.S.A, Department of Neuroscience Brain Mind Research Institute, Department of Cell & Development, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, U.S.A
| | - Mary E Donohoe
- Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, U.S.A, Department of Neuroscience Brain Mind Research Institute, Department of Cell & Development, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, U.S.A
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25
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Son MJ, Kwon Y, Son MY, Seol B, Choi HS, Ryu SW, Choi C, Cho YS. Mitofusins deficiency elicits mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming to pluripotency. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1957-69. [PMID: 25882047 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell reprogramming technology has allowed the in vitro control of cell fate transition, thus allowing for the generation of highly desired cell types to recapitulate in vivo developmental processes and architectures. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the reprogramming process remain to be defined. Here, we show that depleting p53 and p21, which are barriers to reprogramming, yields a high reprogramming efficiency. Deletion of these factors results in a distinct mitochondrial background with low expression of oxidative phosphorylation subunits and mitochondrial fusion proteins, including mitofusin 1 and 2 (Mfn1/2). Importantly, Mfn1/2 depletion reciprocally inhibits the p53-p21 pathway and promotes both the conversion of somatic cells to a pluripotent state and the maintenance of pluripotency. Mfn1/2 depletion facilitates the glycolytic metabolic transition through the activation of the Ras-Raf and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) signaling at an early stage of reprogramming. HIF1α is required for increased glycolysis and reprogramming by Mfn1/2 depletion. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Mfn1/2 constitutes a new barrier to reprogramming, and that Mfn1/2 ablation facilitates the induction of pluripotency through the restructuring of mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Son
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Kwon
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - M-Y Son
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - B Seol
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - H-S Choi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - S-W Ryu
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - C Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Cho
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
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26
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Abstract
Rapid progress in the field of adult cells reprogramming back into a stem cell-like fate revealed shared mechanisms of action with tumoural reprogramming. A hallmark of stem cells - self-renewal and differentiation potential - seems to be tightly interlaced with large proliferation capacity and cellular plasticity of cancer cells. In this review, we briefly summarise the core transcription factors critical to maintenance of ES cell signature and overexpressed in many types of cancer, as well as signalling pathways involved in both induced pluripotency and oncogenesis, with particular regard to the role of tumour suppressor p53.
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27
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The dosage of Patz1 modulates reprogramming process. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7519. [PMID: 25515777 PMCID: PMC4268633 DOI: 10.1038/srep07519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of pluripotent cells can be achieved by combined overexpression of transcription factors Oct4, Klf4, Sox2 and c-Myc in somatic cells. This cellular reprogramming process overcomes various barriers to re-activate pluripotency genes and re-acquire the highly dynamic pluripotent chromatin status. Many genetic and epigenetic factors are essentially involved in the reprogramming process. We previously reported that Patz1 is required for maintenance of ES cell identity. Here we report that Patz1 plays an inhibitory role in OKSM-induced reprogramming process since more iPS colonies can be induced from Patz1+/− MEFs than wild type MEFs; while the addition of Patz1 significantly repressed reprogramming efficiency. Patz1+/− MEFs can surpass the senescence barrier of Ink4a/Arf locus, thus enhancing iPS colonies formation. Moreover, Patz1+/− MEFs displayed higher levels of acetylated histone H3, H3K4me2, H3K4me3, H3K36me3 and lower levels of histone H3K9me3 and HP1α, indicating that heterozygous knockout of Patz1 results in a globally open chromatin which is more accessible for transcriptional activation. However, Patz1−/− MEFs gave the lowest reprogramming efficiency which may result from cell senescence trigged by up-regulated Ink4a/Arf locus. Together, we have demonstrated that the dosage of Patz1 modulates reprogramming process via significantly influencing cell senescence, proliferation and chromatin structure.
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28
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Biology of the cell cycle inhibitor p21CDKN1A: molecular mechanisms and relevance in chemical toxicology. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:155-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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Ultrastructural visualization of the Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition during reprogramming of human fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2014; 14:39-53. [PMID: 25506910 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition (MET) has been recognized as a crucial step for successful reprogramming of fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Thus, it has been demonstrated, that the efficiency of reprogramming can be enhanced by promoting an epithelial expression program in cells, with a concomitant repression of key mesenchymal genes. However, a detailed characterization of the epithelial transition associated with the acquisition of a pluripotent phenotype is still lacking to this date. Here, we integrate a panel of morphological approaches with gene expression analyses to visualize the dynamics of episomal reprogramming of human fibroblasts to iPSCs. We provide the first ultrastructural analysis of human fibroblasts at various stages of episomal iPSC reprogramming, as well as the first real-time live cell visualization of a MET occurring during reprogramming. The results indicate that the MET manifests itself approximately 6-12days after electroporation, in synchrony with the upregulation of early pluripotency markers, and resembles a reversal of the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) which takes place during mammalian gastrulation.
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30
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Shu X, Pei D. The function and regulation of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in somatic cell reprogramming. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2014; 28:32-7. [PMID: 25173869 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The process that converts somatic cells to pluripotent ones has enormous potential not only as a tool to generate cells for disease therapy and modeling, but also as an experimental system to investigate fundamental biological questions. The discovery of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transitions at the initial phase of reprogramming provides a conceptual framework to understand reprogramming in a cellular context and it helps to resolve the mechanistic roles of the original Yamanaka factors as well as newly identified modulators of reprogramming. Emerging concept such as sequential EMT-MET in reprogramming further suggests the value of this model to the understanding of cell fate conversions. We highlight recent advances about the function and regulation of MET in reprogramming and discuss their potential implications here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Shu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - Duanqing Pei
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China.
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31
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Rasmussen MA, Holst B, Tümer Z, Johnsen MG, Zhou S, Stummann TC, Hyttel P, Clausen C. Transient p53 suppression increases reprogramming of human fibroblasts without affecting apoptosis and DNA damage. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:404-13. [PMID: 25241739 PMCID: PMC4266010 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has sparked great interest in the potential treatment of patients with their own in vitro differentiated cells. Recently, knockout of the Tumor Protein 53 (p53) gene was reported to facilitate reprogramming but unfortunately also led to genomic instability. Here, we report that transient suppression of p53 during nonintegrative reprogramming of human fibroblasts leads to a significant increase in expression of pluripotency markers and overall number of iPSC colonies, due to downstream suppression of p21, without affecting apoptosis and DNA damage. Stable iPSC lines generated with or without p53 suppression showed comparable expression of pluripotency markers and methylation patterns, displayed normal karyotypes, contained between 0 and 5 genomic copy number variations and produced functional neurons in vitro. In conclusion, transient p53 suppression increases reprogramming efficiency without affecting genomic stability, rendering the method suitable for in vitro mechanistic studies with the possibility for future clinical translation. Transient p53 suppression increases reprogramming efficiency through p21 inhibition No adverse effect on DNA damage and apoptosis is observed during reprogramming Stable iPSC lines display normal karyotypes and expression of pluripotency markers The iPSC lines retain their differentiation potential and form functional neurons
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel A Rasmussen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 7, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark.
| | - Bjørn Holst
- Bioneer A/S, Kogle Alle 2, Hoersholm 2970, Denmark
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Gl. Landevej 7, Glostrup 2600, Denmark
| | | | - Shuling Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 7, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark
| | | | - Poul Hyttel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 7, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark
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32
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Chen Z, Wang Y, Liu W, Zhao G, Lee S, Balogh A, Zou Y, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Gu W, Li C, Tigyi G, Yue J. Doxycycline inducible Krüppel-like factor 4 lentiviral vector mediates mesenchymal to epithelial transition in ovarian cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105331. [PMID: 25137052 PMCID: PMC4138168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer presents therapeutic challenges due to its typically late detection, aggressive metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. The transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) has been implicated in human cancers as a tumor suppressor or oncogene, although its role depends greatly on the cellular context. The role of KLF4 in ovarian cancer has not been elucidated in mechanistic detail. In this study, we investigated the role of KLF4 in ovarian cancer cells by transducing the ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and OVCAR3 with a doxycycline-inducible KLF4 lentiviral vector. Overexpression of KLF4 reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The epithelial cell marker gene E-cadherin was significantly upregulated, whereas the mesenchymal cell marker genes vimentin, twist1and snail2 (slug) were downregulated in both KLF4-expressing SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells. KLF4 inhibited the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in ovarian cancer cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that KLF4 functions as a tumor suppressor gene in ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting TGFβ-induced EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Guannan Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Suechin Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yanan Zou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Guo
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weiwang Gu
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Chengyao Li
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (JY); (CL)
| | - Gabor Tigyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Junming Yue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JY); (CL)
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33
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Notch inhibition allows oncogene-independent generation of iPS cells. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:632-639. [PMID: 24952596 PMCID: PMC4310751 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The reprogramming of somatic cells to pluripotency using defined transcription factors holds great promise for biomedicine. However, human reprogramming remains inefficient and relies either on the use of the potentially dangerous oncogenes KLF4 and CMYC or the genetic inhibition of the tumor suppressor gene p53. We hypothesized that inhibition of signal transduction pathways that promote differentiation of the target somatic cells during development might relieve the requirement for non-core pluripotency factors during iPSC reprogramming. Here, we show that inhibition of Notch significantly improves the efficiency of iPSC generation from mouse and human keratinocytes by suppressing p21 in a p53-independent manner and thereby enriching for undifferentiated cells capable of long-term self-renewal. Pharmacological inhibition of Notch enabled routine production of human iPSCs without KLF4 and CMYC while leaving p53 activity intact. Thus, restricting the development of somatic cells by altering intercellular communication enables the production of safer human iPSCs.
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34
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Shetzer Y, Kagan S, Koifman G, Sarig R, Kogan-Sakin I, Charni M, Kaufman T, Zapatka M, Molchadsky A, Rivlin N, Dinowitz N, Levin S, Landan G, Goldstein I, Goldfinger N, Pe'er D, Radlwimmer B, Lichter P, Rotter V, Aloni-Grinstein R. The onset of p53 loss of heterozygosity is differentially induced in various stem cell types and may involve the loss of either allele. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1419-31. [PMID: 24832469 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 loss of heterozygosity (p53LOH) is frequently observed in Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) patients who carry a mutant (Mut) p53 germ-line mutation. Here, we focused on elucidating the link between p53LOH and tumor development in stem cells (SCs). Although adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) robustly underwent p53LOH, p53LOH in induced embryonic pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was significantly attenuated. Only SCs that underwent p53LOH induced malignant tumors in mice. These results may explain why LFS patients develop normally, yet acquire tumors in adulthood. Surprisingly, an analysis of single-cell sub-clones of iPSCs, MSCs and ex vivo bone marrow (BM) progenitors revealed that p53LOH is a bi-directional process, which may result in either the loss of wild-type (WT) or Mut p53 allele. Interestingly, most BM progenitors underwent Mutp53LOH. Our results suggest that the bi-directional p53LOH process may function as a cell-fate checkpoint. The loss of Mutp53 may be regarded as a DNA repair event leading to genome stability. Indeed, gene expression analysis of the p53LOH process revealed upregulation of a specific chromatin remodeler and a burst of DNA repair genes. However, in the case of loss of WTp53, cells are endowed with uncontrolled growth that promotes cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shetzer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - S Kagan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - G Koifman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - R Sarig
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - I Kogan-Sakin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - M Charni
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - T Kaufman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - M Zapatka
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Molchadsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - N Rivlin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - N Dinowitz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - S Levin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - G Landan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - I Goldstein
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - N Goldfinger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - D Pe'er
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Radlwimmer
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Rotter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - R Aloni-Grinstein
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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35
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Shetzer Y, Solomon H, Koifman G, Molchadsky A, Horesh S, Rotter V. The paradigm of mutant p53-expressing cancer stem cells and drug resistance. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1196-208. [PMID: 24658181 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well accepted that expression of mutant p53 involves the gain of oncogenic-specific activities accentuating the malignant phenotype. Depending on the specific cancer type, mutant p53 can contribute to either the early or the late events of the multiphase process underlying the transformation of a normal cell into a cancerous one. This multifactorial system is evident in ~50% of human cancers. Mutant p53 was shown to interfere with a variety of cellular functions that lead to augmented cell survival, cellular plasticity, aberration of DNA repair machinery and other effects. All these effects culminate in the acquisition of drug resistance often seen in cancer cells. Interestingly, drug resistance has also been suggested to be associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs), which reside within growing tumors. The notion that p53 plays a regulatory role in the life of stem cells, coupled with the observations that p53 mutations may contribute to the evolvement of CSCs makes it challenging to speculate that drug resistance and cancer recurrence are mediated by CSCs expressing mutant p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Shetzer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Hilla Solomon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Gabriela Koifman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alina Molchadsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Stav Horesh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Varda Rotter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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36
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Aloni-Grinstein R, Shetzer Y, Kaufman T, Rotter V. p53: the barrier to cancer stem cell formation. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2580-9. [PMID: 24560790 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of p53 as the "guardian of the genome" in differentiated somatic cells, triggering various biological processes, is well established. Recent studies in the stem cell field have highlighted a profound role of p53 in stem cell biology as well. These studies, combined with basic data obtained 20 years ago, provide insight into how p53 governs the quantity and quality of various stem cells, ensuring a sufficient repertoire of normal stem cells to enable proper development, tissue regeneration and a cancer free life. In this review we address the role of p53 in genomically stable embryonic stem cells, a unique predisposed cancer stem cell model and adult stem cells, its role in the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells, as well as its role as the barrier to cancer stem cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Aloni-Grinstein
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yoav Shetzer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tom Kaufman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Varda Rotter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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37
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He H, Li S, Chen H, Li L, Xu C, Ding F, Zhan Y, Ma J, Zhang S, Shi Y, Qu C, Liu Z. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate promotes breast cancer cell motility by increasing S100A14 level in a Kruppel-like transcription factor 4 (KLF4)-dependent manner. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9089-99. [PMID: 24532790 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.534271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The S100 protein family represents the largest subgroup of calcium binding EF-hand type proteins. These proteins have been reported to be involved in a wide range of biological functions that are related to normal cell development and tumorigenesis. S100A14 is a recently identified member of the S100 protein family and differentially expressed in a number of different human malignancies. However, the transcriptional regulation of S100A14 and its role in breast cancer needs to be further investigated. Here, we determined that 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) up-regulated the expression of KLF4 and facilitated its binding directly to two conserved GC-rich DNA segments within the S100A14 promoter, which is essential for the transactivation of KLF4 induced S100A14 expression. Furthermore, stable silencing of KLF4 significantly suppressed breast cancer cell migration induced by TPA. Collectively, these results offer insights into the fact that TPA provokes cell motility through regulating the expression and function of S100A14 in a KLF4-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- From the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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38
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Rivlin N, Koifman G, Rotter V. p53 orchestrates between normal differentiation and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 32:10-7. [PMID: 24406212 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During recent years, it is becoming more and more evident that there is a tight connection between abnormal differentiation processes and cancer. While cancer and stem cells are very different, especially in terms of maintaining genomic integrity, these cell types also share many similar properties. In this review, we aim to provide an over-view of the roles of the key tumor suppressor, p53, in regulating normal differentiation and function of both stem cells and adult cells. When these functions are disrupted, undifferentiated cells may become transformed. Understanding the function of p53 in stem cells and its role in maintaining the balance between differentiation and malignant transformation can help shed light on cancer initiation and propagation, and hopefully also on cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Rivlin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Gabriela Koifman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Varda Rotter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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ΔNp63 regulates select routes of reprogramming via multiple mechanisms. Cell Death Differ 2013; 20:1698-708. [PMID: 24013722 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cells can be converted into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by forced expression of various combinations of transcription factors, but the molecular mechanisms of reprogramming are poorly understood. Specifically, evidence that the reprogramming process can take many distinct routes only begins to emerge. It is definitively established that p53 deficiency greatly enhances reprogramming, revealing p53's barrier function for induced pluripotency, but the role of its homologs p63 and p73 are unknown. Here we report that in stark contrast to p53, p73 has no role in reprogramming. However, p63 is an enabling (rather than a barrier) factor for Oct4, Sox2 and Klf4 (OSK) and Oct4 and Sox2 (OS), but not for Oct4 and Klf4 (OK) reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Specifically, p63 is essential during reprogramming for maximum efficiency, albeit not for the ability to reprogram per se, and is dispensable for maintaining stability and pluripotency of established iPSC colonies. ΔNp63, but not TAp63, is the principal isoform involved. Loss of p63 can affect reprogramming via several mechanisms such as reduced expression of mesenchymal-epithelial transition and pluripotency genes, hypoproliferation and loss of the most reprogrammable cell populations. During OSK and OS reprogramming, different mechanisms seem to be critical, such as regulation of epithelial and pluripotency genes in OSK reprogramming versus regulation of proliferation in OS reprogramming. Finally, our data reveal three different routes of reprogramming by OSK, OS or OK, based on their differential p63 requirements for iPSC efficiency and pluripotency marker expression. This supports the concept that many distinct routes of reprogramming exist.
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Abstract
The WWOX tumor suppressor is a WW domain-containing protein. Its function in the cell has been shown to be mediated, in part, by interacting with its partners through its first WW (WW1) domain. Here, we demonstrated that WWOX via WW1 domain interacts with p53 homolog, ΔNp63α. This protein–protein interaction stabilizes ΔNp63α, through antagonizing function of the E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH, inhibits nuclear translocation of ΔNp63α into the nucleus and suppresses ΔNp63α transactivation function. Additionally, we found that this functional crosstalk reverses cancer cells resistance to cisplatin, mediated by ΔNp63α, and consequently renders these cells more sensitive to undergo apoptosis. These findings suggest a functional crosstalk between WWOX and ΔNp63α in tumorigenesis.
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