1
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Al-Hawary SIS, Rodrigues P, Bangali H, Hassan ZF, Elawady A. The role of long noncoding RNA DGCR5 in cancers: Focus on molecular targets. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3949. [PMID: 38379219 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are major components of cellular transcripts that are emerging as important players in various biological pathways. Due to their specific expression and functional diversity in a variety of cancers, lncRNAs have promising applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Studies have shown that lncRNA DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 5 (DGCR5) with high specificity and accuracy has the potential to become biomarkers in cancers. LncRNA DGCR5 can be noninvasively extracted from body fluids, tissues, and cells, and can be used as independent or auxiliary biomarkers to improve the accuracy of diagnosis or prognosis. Now, the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs such as DGCR5 were explored as therapeutic targets, which have been investigated in clinical trials of several cancers. The DGCR5 lacks an appropriate animal model, which is necessary to gain greater knowledge of their functions. While some studies on the uses of DGCR5 have been carried out, the small sample size makes them unreliable. In this review, we presented a compilation of recent publications addressing the potential of lncRNA DGCR5 that could be considered as biomarkers or therapeutic targets, with the hopes of providing promised implications for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Rodrigues
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Al-Faraa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harun Bangali
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Al-Faraa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Elawady
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
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2
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Buddell T, Purdy AL, Patterson M. The genetics of cardiomyocyte polyploidy. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 156:245-295. [PMID: 38556425 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The regulation of ploidy in cardiomyocytes is a complex and tightly regulated aspect of cardiac development and function. Cardiomyocyte ploidy can range from diploid (2N) to 8N or even 16N, and these states change during key stages of development and disease progression. Polyploidization has been associated with cellular hypertrophy to support normal growth of the heart, increased contractile capacity, and improved stress tolerance in the heart. Conversely, alterations to ploidy also occur during cardiac pathogenesis of diseases, such as ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure and arrhythmia. Therefore, understanding which genes control and modulate cardiomyocyte ploidy may provide mechanistic insight underlying cardiac growth, regeneration, and disease. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge regarding the genes involved in the regulation of cardiomyocyte ploidy. We discuss genes that have been directly tested for their role in cardiomyocyte polyploidization, as well as methodologies used to identify ploidy alterations. These genes encode cell cycle regulators, transcription factors, metabolic proteins, nuclear scaffolding, and components of the sarcomere, among others. The general physiological and pathological phenotypes in the heart associated with the genetic manipulations described, and how they coincide with the respective cardiomyocyte ploidy alterations, are further discussed in this chapter. In addition to being candidates for genetic-based therapies for various cardiac maladies, these genes and their functions provide insightful evidence regarding the purpose of widespread polyploidization in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Buddell
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Alexandra L Purdy
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Michaela Patterson
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
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3
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Wang X, Kulik K, Wan TC, Lough JW, Auchampach JA. Evidence of Histone H2A.Z Deacetylation and Cardiomyocyte Dedifferentiation in Infarcted/Tip60-depleted Hearts. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.11.575312. [PMID: 38260622 PMCID: PMC10802610 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.11.575312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) in the human heart causes death of billions of cardiomyocytes (CMs), resulting in cardiac dysfunction that is incompatible with life or lifestyle. In order to re-muscularize injured myocardium, replacement CMs must be generated via renewed proliferation of surviving CMs. Approaches designed to induce proliferation of CMs after injury have been insufficient. Toward this end, we are targeting the Tip60 acetyltransferase, based on the rationale that its pleiotropic functions conspire to block the CM cell-cycle at several checkpoints. We previously reported that genetic depletion of Tip60 in a mouse model after MI reduces scarring, retains cardiac function, and activates the CM cell-cycle, although it is unclear whether this culminates in the generation of daughter CMs. For pre-existing CMs in the adult heart to resume proliferation, it is becoming widely accepted that they must first dedifferentiate, a process highlighted by loss of maturity, epithelial to mesenchymal transitioning (EMT), and reversion from fatty acid oxidation to glycolytic metabolism, accompanied by softening of the myocardial extracellular matrix. Findings in hematopoietic stem cells, and more recently in neural progenitor cells, have shown that Tip60 induces and maintains the differentiated state via site-specific acetylation of the histone variant H2A.Z. Here, we report that genetic depletion of Tip60 from naïve or infarcted hearts results in the near-complete absence of acetylated H2A.Z in CM nuclei, and that this is accordingly accompanied by altered gene expressions indicative of EMT induction, ECM softening, decreased fatty acid oxidation, and depressed expression of genes that regulate the TCA cycle. These findings, combined with our previous work, support the notion that because Tip60 has multiple targets that combinatorially maintain the differentiated state and inhibit proliferation, its transient therapeutic targeting to ameliorate the effects of cardiac injury should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Katherine Kulik
- Department of Cell Biology Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Tina C. Wan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - John W. Lough
- Department of Cell Biology Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - John A. Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 53226
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4
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Liu N, Konuma T, Sharma R, Wang D, Zhao N, Cao L, Ju Y, Liu D, Wang S, Bosch A, Sun Y, Zhang S, Ji D, Nagatoishi S, Suzuki N, Kikuchi M, Wakamori M, Zhao C, Ren C, Zhou TJ, Xu Y, Meslamani J, Fu S, Umehara T, Tsumoto K, Akashi S, Zeng L, Roeder RG, Walsh MJ, Zhang Q, Zhou MM. Histone H3 lysine 27 crotonylation mediates gene transcriptional repression in chromatin. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2206-2221.e11. [PMID: 37311463 PMCID: PMC11138481 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Histone lysine acylation, including acetylation and crotonylation, plays a pivotal role in gene transcription in health and diseases. However, our understanding of histone lysine acylation has been limited to gene transcriptional activation. Here, we report that histone H3 lysine 27 crotonylation (H3K27cr) directs gene transcriptional repression rather than activation. Specifically, H3K27cr in chromatin is selectively recognized by the YEATS domain of GAS41 in complex with SIN3A-HDAC1 co-repressors. Proto-oncogenic transcription factor MYC recruits GAS41/SIN3A-HDAC1 complex to repress genes in chromatin, including cell-cycle inhibitor p21. GAS41 knockout or H3K27cr-binding depletion results in p21 de-repression, cell-cycle arrest, and tumor growth inhibition in mice, explaining a causal relationship between GAS41 and MYC gene amplification and p21 downregulation in colorectal cancer. Our study suggests that H3K27 crotonylation signifies a previously unrecognized, distinct chromatin state for gene transcriptional repression in contrast to H3K27 trimethylation for transcriptional silencing and H3K27 acetylation for transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China; International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Tsuyoshi Konuma
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; School of Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Rajal Sharma
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Deyu Wang
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Lingling Cao
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Ying Ju
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Di Liu
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Almudena Bosch
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yifei Sun
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Donglei Ji
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Noa Suzuki
- School of Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masaki Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Chengcheng Zhao
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Chunyan Ren
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Thomas Jiachi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yaoyao Xu
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Jamel Meslamani
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Shibo Fu
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China; International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Takashi Umehara
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Satoko Akashi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; School of Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Lei Zeng
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China; International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Robert G Roeder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Rockefeller University, New Nork, NY 10065, USA
| | - Martin J Walsh
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China; International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Ming-Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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5
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Wang X, Wan TC, Kulik KR, Lauth A, Smith BC, Lough JW, Auchampach JA. Pharmacological inhibition of the acetyltransferase Tip60 mitigates myocardial infarction injury. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049786. [PMID: 36341679 PMCID: PMC9672930 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacologic strategies that target factors with both pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative functions in cardiomyocytes (CMs) may be useful for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. One such multifunctional candidate for drug targeting is the acetyltransferase Tip60, which is known to acetylate both histone and non-histone protein targets that have been shown in cancer cells to promote apoptosis and to initiate the DNA damage response, thereby limiting cellular expansion. Using a murine model, we recently published findings demonstrating that CM-specific disruption of the Kat5 gene encoding Tip60 markedly protects against the damaging effects of myocardial infarction (MI). In the experiments described here, in lieu of genetic targeting, we administered TH1834, an experimental drug designed to specifically inhibit the acetyltransferase domain of Tip60. We report that, similar to the effect of disrupting the Kat5 gene, daily systemic administration of TH1834 beginning 3 days after induction of MI and continuing for 2 weeks of a 4-week timeline resulted in improved systolic function, reduced apoptosis and scarring, and increased activation of the CM cell cycle, effects accompanied by reduced expression of genes that promote apoptosis and inhibit the cell cycle and reduced levels of CMs exhibiting phosphorylated Atm. These results support the possibility that drugs that inhibit the acetyltransferase activity of Tip60 may be useful agents for the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Tina C. Wan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Katherine R. Kulik
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Amelia Lauth
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Brian C. Smith
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - John W. Lough
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - John A. Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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6
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Jablonska B, Adams KL, Kratimenos P, Li Z, Strickland E, Haydar TF, Kusch K, Nave KA, Gallo V. Sirt2 promotes white matter oligodendrogenesis during development and in models of neonatal hypoxia. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4771. [PMID: 35970992 PMCID: PMC9378658 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Delayed oligodendrocyte (OL) maturation caused by hypoxia (Hx)-induced neonatal brain injury results in hypomyelination and leads to neurological disabilities. Previously, we characterized Sirt1 as a crucial regulator of OL progenitor cell (OPC) proliferation in response to Hx. We now identify Sirt2 as a critical promoter of OL differentiation during both normal white matter development and in a mouse model of Hx. Importantly, we find that Hx reduces Sirt2 expression in mature OLs and that Sirt2 overexpression in OPCs restores mature OL populations. Reduced numbers of Sirt2+ OLs were also observed in the white matter of preterm human infants. We show that Sirt2 interacts with p27Kip1/FoxO1, p21Cip1/Cdk4, and Cdk5 pathways, and that these interactions are altered by Hx. Furthermore, Hx induces nuclear translocation of Sirt2 in OPCs where it binds several genomic targets. Overall, these results indicate that a balance of Sirt1 and Sirt2 activity is required for developmental oligodendrogenesis, and that these proteins represent potential targets for promoting repair following white matter injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Jablonska
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
| | - Katrina L Adams
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Panagiotis Kratimenos
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
- Neonatology Department, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Emma Strickland
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Tarik F Haydar
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Katharina Kusch
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Vittorio Gallo
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
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7
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Wang X, Wan TC, Lauth A, Purdy AL, Kulik KR, Patterson M, Lough JW, Auchampach JA. Conditional depletion of the acetyltransferase Tip60 protects against the damaging effects of myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 163:9-19. [PMID: 34610340 PMCID: PMC8816866 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Injury from myocardial infarction (MI) and consequent post-MI remodeling is accompanied by massive loss of cardiomyocytes (CM), a cell type critical for contractile function that is for all practical purposes non-regenerable due to its profound state of proliferative senescence. Identification of factors that limit CM survival and/or constrain CM renewal provides potential therapeutic targets. Tip60, a pan-acetyltransferase encoded by the Kat5 gene, has been reported to activate apoptosis as well as multiple anti-proliferative pathways in non-cardiac cells; however, its role in CMs, wherein it is abundantly expressed, remains unknown. Here, using mice containing floxed Kat5 alleles and a tamoxifen-activated Myh6-MerCreMer recombinase transgene, we report that conditional depletion of Tip60 in CMs three days after MI induced by permanent coronary artery ligation greatly improves functional recovery for up to 28 days. This is accompanied by diminished scarring, activation of cell-cycle transit markers in CMs within the infarct border and remote zones, reduced expression of cell-cycle inhibitors pAtm and p27, and reduced apoptosis in the remote regions. These findings implicate Tip60 as a novel, multifactorial target for limiting the damaging effects of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Tina C. Wan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Amelia Lauth
- Department of Cell Biology Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Alexandra L. Purdy
- Department of Cell Biology Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Katherine R. Kulik
- Department of Cell Biology Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Michaela Patterson
- Department of Cell Biology Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - John W. Lough
- Department of Cell Biology Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - John A. Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
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8
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Guo Y, Rall-Scharpf M, Bourdon JC, Wiesmüller L, Biber S. p53 isoforms differentially impact on the POLι dependent DNA damage tolerance pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:941. [PMID: 34645785 PMCID: PMC8514551 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The recently discovered p53-dependent DNA damage tolerance (DDT) pathway relies on its biochemical activities in DNA-binding, oligomerization, as well as complex formation with the translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerase iota (POLι). These p53-POLι complexes slow down nascent DNA synthesis for safe, homology-directed bypass of DNA replication barriers. In this study, we demonstrate that the alternative p53-isoforms p53β, p53γ, Δ40p53α, Δ133p53α, and Δ160p53α differentially affect this p53-POLι-dependent DDT pathway originally described for canonical p53α. We show that the C-terminal isoforms p53β and p53γ, comprising a truncated oligomerization domain (OD), bind PCNA. Conversely, N-terminally truncated isoforms have a reduced capacity to engage in this interaction. Regardless of the specific loss of biochemical activities required for this DDT pathway, all alternative isoforms were impaired in promoting POLι recruitment to PCNA in the chromatin and in decelerating DNA replication under conditions of enforced replication stress after Mitomycin C (MMC) treatment. Consistent with this, all alternative p53-isoforms no longer stimulated recombination, i.e., bypass of endogenous replication barriers. Different from the other isoforms, Δ133p53α and Δ160p53α caused a severe DNA replication problem, namely fork stalling even in untreated cells. Co-expression of each alternative p53-isoform together with p53α exacerbated the DDT pathway defects, unveiling impaired POLι recruitment and replication deceleration already under unperturbed conditions. Such an inhibitory effect on p53α was particularly pronounced in cells co-expressing Δ133p53α or Δ160p53α. Notably, this effect became evident after the expression of the isoforms in tumor cells, as well as after the knockdown of endogenous isoforms in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. In summary, mimicking the situation found to be associated with many cancer types and stem cells, i.e., co-expression of alternative p53-isoforms with p53α, carved out interference with p53α functions in the p53-POLι-dependent DDT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Guo
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, 89075 Germany
| | - Melanie Rall-Scharpf
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, 89075 Germany
| | - Jean-Christophe Bourdon
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Lisa Wiesmüller
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, 89075 Germany
| | - Stephanie Biber
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, 89075 Germany
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9
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Sun L, Morikawa K, Sogo Y, Sugiura Y. MHY1485 enhances X-irradiation-induced apoptosis and senescence in tumor cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:782-792. [PMID: 34265852 PMCID: PMC8438247 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a sensor of nutrient status and plays an important role in cell growth and metabolism. Although inhibition of mTOR signaling promotes tumor cell death and several mTOR inhibitors have been used clinically, recent reports have shown that co-treatment with MHY1485, an mTOR activator, enhances the anti-cancer effects of anti-PD-1 antibody and 5-fluorouracil. However, it remains unclear whether MHY1485 treatment alters the effects of radiation on tumor cells. In this study, the radiosensitizing effects of MHY1485 were investigated using murine CT26 and LLC cell lines. We examined mTOR signaling, tumor cell growth, colony formation, apoptosis, senescence, oxidative stress, p21 accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress levels in cells treated with MHY1485 and radiation, either alone or together. We found that MHY1485 treatment inhibited growth and colony formation in both cell lines under irradiation and no-irradiation conditions, results that were not fully consistent with MHY1485's known role in activating mTOR signaling. Furthermore, we found that combined treatment with MHY1485 and radiation significantly increased apoptosis and senescence in tumor cells in association with oxidative stress, ER stress and p21 stabilization, compared to radiation treatment alone. Our results suggested that MHY1485 enhances the radiosensitivity of tumor cells by a mechanism that may differ from MHY1485's role in mTOR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lue Sun
- Corresponding author. Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan. Tel: +81-29-849-1564; Fax: +81-29-861-6149; E-mail:
| | - Kumi Morikawa
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yu Sogo
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14, Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0895, Japan
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10
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Wang X, Lupton C, Lauth A, Wan TC, Foster P, Patterson M, Auchampach JA, Lough JW. Evidence that the acetyltransferase Tip60 induces the DNA damage response and cell-cycle arrest in neonatal cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 155:88-98. [PMID: 33609538 PMCID: PMC8154663 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tip60, a pan-acetyltransferase encoded by the Kat5 gene, is enriched in the myocardium; however, its function in the heart is unknown. In cancer cells, Tip60 acetylates Atm (Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated), enabling its auto-phosphorylation (pAtm), which activates the DNA damage response (DDR). It was recently reported that activation of pAtm at the time of birth induces the DDR in cardiomyocytes (CMs), resulting in proliferative senescence. We therefore hypothesized that Tip60 initiates this process, and that depletion of Tip60 accordingly diminishes the DDR while extending the duration of CM cell-cycle activation. To test this hypothesis, an experimental model was used wherein a Myh6-driven Cre-recombinase transgene was activated on postnatal day 0 (P0) to recombine floxed Kat5 alleles and induce Tip60 depletion in neonatal CMs, without causing pathogenesis. Depletion of Tip60 resulted in reduced numbers of pAtm-positive CMs during the neonatal period, which correlated with reduced numbers of pH2A.X-positive CMs and decreased expression of genes encoding markers of the DDR as well as inflammation. This was accompanied by decreased expression of the cell-cycle inhibitors Meis1 and p27, activation of the cell-cycle in CMs, reduced CM size, and increased numbers of mononuclear/diploid CMs. Increased expression of fetal markers suggested that Tip60 depletion promotes a fetal-like proliferative state. Finally, infarction of Tip60-depleted hearts at P7 revealed improved cardiac function at P39 accompanied by reduced fibrosis, increased CM cell-cycle activation, and reduced apoptosis in the remote zone. These findings indicate that, among its pleiotropic functions, Tip60 induces the DDR in CMs, contributing to proliferative senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Carri Lupton
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Amelia Lauth
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Tina C Wan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Parker Foster
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Michaela Patterson
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - John A Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America.
| | - John W Lough
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America.
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11
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Tip60 Phosphorylation at Ser 99 Is Essential for Autophagy Induction in Bombyx mori. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186893. [PMID: 32962211 PMCID: PMC7555017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tip60, a key histone acetyltransferase of the MYST family and member of the nuclear multimeric protein complex (NuA4), regulates the activity and stability of proteins involved in the cell cycle, DNA damage responses, autophagy, etc. However, the function and regulatory mechanism of Tip60 homolog in Bombyx mori are not elucidated. In the present study, Bombyx Tip60 (BmTip60) was functionally identified. Developmental profiles showed that the protein levels and nuclear localization of BmTip60 peaked in fat body during the larval–pupal metamorphosis when autophagy was intensive; simultaneously, the BmTip60 protein migrated to form an upper band as detected by Western blot. Interestingly, the upper band of BmTip60 was reduced by λ-phosphatase treatment, indicating that it was a phosphorylated form of BmTip60. Results showed that BmTip60 was promoted by starvation but not 20-hydroxyecdysone treatment. Transcription factor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) affected by starvation was pivotal for BmTip60 protein migration. In addition, one mammalian phosphorylation site was identified in BmTip60 at Ser99, the constitutive-activation mutation of Ser99 to Asp99 but not its inactive mutation to Ala99 significantly upregulated autophagy, showing the critical role of phosphorylation at Ser99 for BmTip60-mediated autophagy. In conclusion, the starvation-AMPK axis promotes BmTip60 in B. mori, which was requisite for autophagy induction. These results reveal a regulatory mechanism of histone acetyltransferase Tip60 homologs by phosphorylation in insects, and sheds light on further related studies of acetylation regulation.
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12
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Basit A, Cho MG, Kim EY, Kwon D, Kang SJ, Lee JH. The cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3 innate immunity pathway maintains chromosomal stability through regulation of p21 levels. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:643-657. [PMID: 32284536 PMCID: PMC7210884 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) in cancer cells has been reported to activate the cGAS-STING innate immunity pathway via micronuclei formation, thus affecting tumor immunity and tumor progression. However, adverse effects of the cGAS/STING pathway as they relate to CIN have not yet been investigated. We addressed this issue using knockdown and add-back approaches to analyze each component of the cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway, and we monitored the extent of CIN by measuring micronuclei formation after release from nocodazole-induced mitotic arrest. Interestingly, knockdown of cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) along with induction of mitotic arrest in HeLa and U2OS cancer cells clearly resulted in increased micronuclei formation and chromosome missegregation. Knockdown of STING (stimulator of interferon genes), TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase-1), or IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor-3) also resulted in increased micronuclei formation. Moreover, transfection with cGAMP, the product of cGAS enzymatic activity, as well as add-back of cGAS WT (but not catalytic-dead mutant cGAS), or WT or constitutively active STING (but not an inactive STING mutant) rescued the micronuclei phenotype, demonstrating that all components of the cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway play a role in preventing CIN. Moreover, p21 levels were decreased in cGAS-, STING-, TBK1-, and IRF3-knockdown cells, which was accompanied by the precocious G2/M transition of cells and the enhanced micronuclei phenotype. Overexpression of p21 or inhibition of CDK1 in cGAS-depleted cells reduced micronuclei formation and abrogated the precocious G2/M transition, indicating that the decrease in p21 and the subsequent precocious G2/M transition is the main mechanism underlying the induction of CIN through disruption of cGAS/STING signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Basit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea
- Genomic Instability Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea
| | - Min-Guk Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Eui-Yun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea
- Genomic Instability Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea
| | - Dohyeong Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Medytox Gwangkyo R&D Center, Medytox, Inc., Suwon, 16506, South Korea
| | - Suk-Jo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea.
- Genomic Instability Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea.
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13
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Li B, Li M, Li X, Li H, Lai Y, Huang S, He X, Si X, Zheng H, Liao W, Liao Y, Bin J. Sirt1-inducible deacetylation of p21 promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:12546-12567. [PMID: 31881009 PMCID: PMC6949046 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inducing cardiomyocyte proliferation is a hopeful approach for cardiac regeneration following myocardial infarction. Previous studies have shown that p21 inhibits the cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration. Deacetylation of p21 by Sirt1 deacetylase may reduce p21 abundance and remove p21-induced cell cycle arrest. However, whether p21 deacetylation and Sirt1 deacetylate control cardiomyocyte proliferation is unclear. Here, we show that acetylation of p21 induces cardiomyocyte proliferation arrest, whereas blocking the acetylation of p21 increases cardiomyocyte proliferation. P21 can be acetylated by Sirt1, and Sirt1 activate p21 ubiquitination through deacetylation. Additionally, overexpression of Sirt1 induces EdU-, pH3-, and Aurora B-positive cardiomyocytes in neonatal and adult mice. In contrast, depletion of Sirt1 reduces cardiomyocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, Sirt1 protects cardiac function, reduces cardiac remodeling, inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and attenuates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy post-myocardial infarction. These results suggest that Sirt1-induced p21 deacetylation plays an essential role in cardiomyocyte proliferation and that it could be a novel therapeutic strategy for myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Mengsha Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xinzhong Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Hairui Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanxian Lai
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Senlin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Xiang He
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Xiaoyun Si
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Jianping Bin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
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14
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Stacy AJ, Zhang J, Craig MP, Hira A, Dole N, Kadakia MP. TIP60 up-regulates ΔNp63α to promote cellular proliferation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17007-17016. [PMID: 31601649 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An estimated 5.4 million cases of nonmelanoma skin cancer are reported in the United States at an associated cost of $4.8 billion. ΔNp63α, a proto-oncogene in the p53 family of transcription factors, is overexpressed in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and associated with poor prognosis and survival. ΔNp63α elicits its tumorigenic effects in part by promoting cellular proliferation and cell survival. Despite its importance in SCC, the upstream regulation of ΔNp63α is poorly understood. In this study, we identify TIP60 as a novel upstream regulator of ΔNp63α. Using a combination of overexpression, silencing, stable expression, and pharmacological approaches in multiple cell lines, we showed that TIP60 up-regulates ΔNp63α expression. Utilizing cycloheximide treatment, we showed that TIP60 catalytic activity is required for stabilization of ΔNp63α protein levels. We further showed that TIP60 coexpression inhibits ΔNp63α ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Stabilization of ΔNp63α protein was further associated with TIP60-mediated acetylation. Finally, we demonstrated that TIP60-mediated regulation of ΔNp63α increases cellular proliferation by promoting G2/M progression through MTS assays and flow cytometry. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that TIP60 may contribute to SCC progression by increasing ΔNp63α protein levels, thereby promoting cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Stacy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435
| | - Michael P Craig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435
| | - Akshay Hira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435
| | - Nikhil Dole
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435
| | - Madhavi P Kadakia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435
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15
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Epigenetic Regulation of p21 cip1/waf1 in Human Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091343. [PMID: 31514410 PMCID: PMC6769618 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
p21cip1/waf1 is a central regulator of cell cycle control and survival. While mutations are rare, it is commonly dysregulated in several human cancers due to epigenetic mechanisms influencing its transcriptional control. These mechanisms include promoter hypermethylation as well as additional pathways such as histone acetylation or methylation. The epigenetic regulators include writers, such as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs); histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone lysine methyltransferases; erasers, such as histone deacetylases (HDACs); histone lysine demethylases [e.g., the Lysine Demethylase (KDM) family]; DNA hydroxylases; readers, such as the methyl-CpG-binding proteins (MBPs); and bromodomain-containing proteins, including the bromo- and extraterminal domain (BET) family. We further discuss the roles that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play in the epigenetic control of p21cip1/waf1 expression and its function in human cancers.
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16
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Li Y, Sun W, Sun D, Yin D. Retracted: Ras-ERK1/2 signaling promotes the development of uveal melanoma by downregulating H3K14ac. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16011-16020. [PMID: 30770563 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ras-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signaling has been proposed as the crucial regulators in the development of various cancers. Histone acetylation at H3 lysine 14 (H3K14ac) is closely associated with gene expression and DNA damage. However, whether H3K14ac participates in mediating Ras-ERK1/2-induced cell proliferation and migration in uveal melanoma cells remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of H3K14ac on Ras-ERK1/2 affected uveal melanoma cell phenotypes. MP65 cells were transfected with Ras WT and Ras G12V/T35S , the unloaded plasmid of pEGFP-N1 served as a negative control. Protein levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 Thr202 and H3K14ac were assessed by western blot assay. Cell viability, number of colonies, migration, and the downstream genes of ERK1/2 were analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide, soft-agar colony formation, transwell, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. HA-tag vectors of CLR3 and TIP60 and the small interfering RNAs that specific for CLR3 and MDM2 were transfected into MP65 cells to uncover the effects of CLR3, TIP60, and MDM2 on Ras-ERK1/2 mediated H3K14ac expression and MP65 cell phenotypes. We found that, Ras-ERK1/2 decreased H3K14ac expression in MP65 cells, and H3K14ac significantly suppressed Ras-ERK1/2-induced cell viability, colony formation, and migration in MP65 cells. Moreover, the transcription of CYR61, IGFBP3, WNT16B, NT5E, GDF15, and CARD16 was regulated by H3K14ac. Additionally, CLR3 silence recovered H3K14ac expression and reversed the effect of Ras-ERK1/2 on MP65 cell proliferation, migration and the mRNAs of ERK1/2 downstream genes. Besides, Ras-ERK1/2 decreased H3K14ac expression by MDM2-mediated TIP60 degradation. In conclusion, Ras-ERK1/2 promoted uveal melanoma cells growth and migration by downregulating H3K14ac via MDM2-mediated TIP60 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weixuan Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dajun Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dexin Yin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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17
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Shamloo B, Usluer S. p21 in Cancer Research. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081178. [PMID: 31416295 PMCID: PMC6721478 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
p21 functions as a cell cycle inhibitor and anti-proliferative effector in normal cells, and is dysregulated in some cancers. Earlier observations on p21 knockout models emphasized the role of this protein in cell cycle arrest under the p53 transcription factor activity. Although tumor-suppressor function of p21 is the most studied aspect of this protein in cancer, the role of p21 in phenotypic plasticity and its oncogenic/anti-apoptotic function, depending on p21 subcellular localization and p53 status, have been under scrutiny recently. Basic science and translational studies use precision gene editing to manipulate p21 itself, and proteins that interact with it; these studies have led to regulatory/functional/drug sensitivity discoveries as well as therapeutic approaches in cancer field. In this review, we will focus on targeting p21 in cancer research and its potential in providing novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Shamloo
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Sinem Usluer
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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18
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Fang C, He W, Xu T, Dai J, Xu L, Sun F. Upregulation of lncRNA DGCR5 correlates with better prognosis and inhibits bladder cancer progression via transcriptionally facilitating P21 expression. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:6254-6262. [PMID: 30238982 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mounting studies show that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) could affect human cancer progression, including bladder cancer (BCa). LncRNA DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 5 (DGCR5) has been proven to be involved in lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the function of DGCR5 in BCa remains largely unknown. Here, we found that DGCR5 expression was significantly downregulated in BCa tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Higher expression of DGCR5 predicted higher survival rate in BCa patients. Functional experiments indicated that DGCR5 overexpression markedly inhibited that proliferation, colony formation, and cell-cycle progression in BCa cells. Furthermore, ectopic expression of DGCR5 led to decreased BCa cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition while promoting apoptosis. In vivo xenograft assay also illustrated that DGCR5 overexpression inhibited BCa growth. In the mechanism, we found that DGCR5 interacted with AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A), a chromatin remodeling protein, to promote P21 transcription. Knockdown of P21 could significantly rescue the suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of BCa cells by DGCR5 overexpression. In summary, our study demonstrated that DGCR5 transcriptionally promotes P21 expression to suppress BCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Fang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyuan Xu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Xu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fukang Sun
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
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19
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Lee MS, Han HJ, Han SY, Kim IY, Chae S, Lee CS, Kim SE, Yoon SG, Park JW, Kim JH, Shin S, Jeong M, Ko A, Lee HY, Oh KJ, Lee YH, Bae KH, Koo SH, Kim JW, Seong JK, Hwang D, Song J. Loss of the E3 ubiquitin ligase MKRN1 represses diet-induced metabolic syndrome through AMPK activation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3404. [PMID: 30143610 PMCID: PMC6109074 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a key role in controlling energy metabolism in response to physiological and nutritional status. Although AMPK activation has been proposed as a promising molecular target for treating obesity and its related comorbidities, the use of pharmacological AMPK activators has been met with contradictory therapeutic challenges. Here we show a regulatory mechanism for AMPK through its ubiquitination and degradation by the E3 ubiquitin ligase makorin ring finger protein 1 (MKRN1). MKRN1 depletion promotes glucose consumption and suppresses lipid accumulation due to AMPK stabilisation and activation. Accordingly, MKRN1-null mice show chronic AMPK activation in both liver and adipose tissue, resulting in significant suppression of diet-induced metabolic syndrome. We demonstrate also its therapeutic effect by administering shRNA targeting MKRN1 into obese mice that reverses non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We suggest that ubiquitin-dependent AMPK degradation represents a target therapeutic strategy for metabolic disorders. AMPK activation has been suggested as treatment for obesity and its complications. Here the authors show that the ubiquitin ligase MKRN1 binds to AMPK and mediates its ubiquitination and degradation. Loss of MKRN1 leads to AMPK activation, increased glucose consumption and decreased lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sik Lee
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 3 Blackfan Circle CLS-16060.2, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hyun-Ji Han
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Han
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Young Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK21 Program for Creative Veterinary Science and Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyun Chae
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, and Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Sil Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Gi Yoon
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Park
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Manhyung Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Ko
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoi Koo
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea-Woo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK21 Program for Creative Veterinary Science and Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, and Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewhan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Kreis NN, Friemel A, Zimmer B, Roth S, Rieger MA, Rolle U, Louwen F, Yuan J. Mitotic p21Cip1/CDKN1A is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 phosphorylation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50215-50228. [PMID: 27384476 PMCID: PMC5226578 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional protein p21Cip1/CDKN1A (p21) is an important and universal Cdk-interacting protein. Recently, we have reported that p21 is involved in the regulation of the mitotic kinase Cdk1/cyclin B1 and critical for successful mitosis and cytokinesis. In the present work we show that S130 of p21 is phosphorylated by Cdk1/cyclin B1 during mitosis, which reduces p21′s stability and binding affinity to Cdk1/cyclin B1. Interfering with this phosphorylation results in extended mitotic duration and defective chromosome segregation, indicating that this regulation ensures proper mitotic progression. Given that p53, the major transcriptional activator of p21, is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer and that deregulated Cdk1 associates with the development of different types of cancer, this work provides new insight into the understanding of how deregulated p21 contributes to chromosomal instability and oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina-Naomi Kreis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friemel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Brigitte Zimmer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Susanne Roth
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael A Rieger
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Udo Rolle
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank Louwen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juping Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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21
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Su WP, Ho YC, Wu CK, Hsu SH, Shiu JL, Huang JC, Chang SB, Chiu WT, Hung JJ, Liu TL, Wu WS, Wu PY, Su WC, Chang JY, Liaw H. Chronic treatment with cisplatin induces chemoresistance through the TIP60-mediated Fanconi anemia and homologous recombination repair pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3879. [PMID: 28634400 PMCID: PMC5478611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia pathway in coordination with homologous recombination is essential to repair interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) caused by cisplatin. TIP60 belongs to the MYST family of acetyltransferases and is involved in DNA repair and regulation of gene transcription. Although the physical interaction between the TIP60 and FANCD2 proteins has been identified that is critical for ICL repair, it is still elusive whether TIP60 regulates the expression of FA and HR genes. In this study, we found that the chemoresistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, derived from chronic treatment of cisplatin, show elevated expression of TIP60. Furthermore, TIP60 binds to the promoters of FANCD2 and BRCA1 by using the chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments and promote the expression of FANCD2 and BRCA1. Importantly, the depletion of TIP60 significantly reduces sister chromatid exchange, a measurement of HR efficiency. The similar results were also shown in the FNACD2-, and BRCA1-deficient cells. Additionally, these TIP60-deficient cells encounter more frequent stalled forks, as well as more DNA double-strand breaks resulting from the collapse of stalled forks. Taken together, our results suggest that TIP60 promotes the expression of FA and HR genes that are important for ICL repair and the chemoresistant phenotype under chronic treatment with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Pin Su
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.35, Xiaodong Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Chih Ho
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No.1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kuei Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.35, Xiaodong Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Huei Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No.1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Lin Shiu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No.1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Jheng-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.35, Xiaodong Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Song-Bin Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No.1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Jong Hung
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Science, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Liu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Science, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Sheng Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Yang Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Hungjiun Liaw
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No.1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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22
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Harder B, Tian W, La Clair JJ, Tan AC, Ooi A, Chapman E, Zhang DD. Brusatol overcomes chemoresistance through inhibition of protein translation. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:1493-1500. [PMID: 28019675 PMCID: PMC5404829 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The NRF2 pathway activates a cell survival response when cells are exposed to xenobiotics or are under oxidative stress. Therapeutic activation of NRF2 can also be used prior to insult as a means of disease prevention. However, prolonged expression of NRF2 has been shown to protect cancer cells by inducing the metabolism and efflux of chemotherapeutics, leading to both intrinsic and acquired chemoresistance to cancer drugs. This effect has been termed the "dark side" of NRF2. In an effort to combat this chemoresistance, our group discovered the first NRF2 inhibitor, the natural product brusatol, however the mechanism of inhibition was previously unknown. In this report, we show that brusatol's mode of action is not through direct inhibition of the NRF2 pathway, but through the inhibition of both cap-dependent and cap-independent protein translation, which has an impact on many short-lived proteins, including NRF2. Therefore, there is still a need to develop a new generation of specific NRF2 inhibitors with limited toxicity and off-target effects that could be used as adjuvant therapies to sensitize cancers with high expression of NRF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Harder
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85271, USA
| | - Wang Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85271, USA
| | - James J. La Clair
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85271, USA
| | - Aik-Choon Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology. School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Aikseng Ooi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85271, USA
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85271, USA
| | - Donna D. Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85271, USA,University of Arizona Cancer Center (UACC), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85271, USA,Correspondence: Dr. Donna D. Zhang,
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23
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Ali M, Devkota S, Roh JI, Lee J, Lee HW. Telomerase reverse transcriptase induces basal and amino acid starvation-induced autophagy through mTORC1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1198-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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24
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Nakakido M, Deng Z, Suzuki T, Dohmae N, Nakamura Y, Hamamoto R. PRMT6 increases cytoplasmic localization of p21CDKN1A in cancer cells through arginine methylation and makes more resistant to cytotoxic agents. Oncotarget 2016; 6:30957-67. [PMID: 26436589 PMCID: PMC4741580 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
p21CDKN1A is known as a potent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), which regulates cell cycle in response to various stimuli, including DNA damage, on the p53-dependent manner. Here we demonstrate that protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) methylates p21 at arginine 156 and promotes phosphorylation of threonine 145 on p21, resulting in the increase of cytoplasmic localization of p21. The cytoplasmic presence of p21 makes cancer cells more resistant to cytotoxic agents. Our results indicate that PRMT6 appears to be one of the key proteins to dysregulate p21 functions in human cancer, and targeting this pathway may be an appropriate strategy for development of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nakakido
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, MC2115, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhenzhong Deng
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, MC2115, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, MC2115, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ryuji Hamamoto
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, MC2115, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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25
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Amelio I, Antonov AA, Catani MV, Massoud R, Bernassola F, Knight RA, Melino G, Rufini A. TAp73 promotes anabolism. Oncotarget 2015; 5:12820-934. [PMID: 25514460 PMCID: PMC4350352 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic adaptation has emerged as a hallmark of cancer and a promising therapeutic target, as rapidly proliferating cancer cells adapt their metabolism increasing nutrient uptake and reorganizing metabolic fluxes to support biosynthesis. The transcription factor p73 belongs to the p53-family and regulates tumorigenesis via its two N-terminal isoforms, with (TAp73) or without (ΔNp73) a transactivation domain. TAp73 acts as tumor suppressor, at least partially through induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and through regulation of genomic stability. Here, we sought to investigate whether TAp73 also affects metabolic profiling of cancer cells. Using high throughput metabolomics, we unveil a thorough and unexpected role for TAp73 in promoting Warburg effect and cellular metabolism. TAp73-expressing cells show increased rate of glycolysis, higher amino acid uptake and increased levels and biosynthesis of acetyl-CoA. Moreover, we report an extensive TAp73-mediated upregulation of several anabolic pathways including polyamine and synthesis of membrane phospholipids. TAp73 expression also increases cellular methyl-donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), possibly influencing methylation and epigenetics, and promotes arginine metabolism, suggestive of a role in extracellular matrix (ECM) modeling. In summary, our data indicate that TAp73 regulates multiple metabolic pathways that impinge on numerous cellular functions, but that, overall, converge to sustain cell growth and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Alexey A Antonov
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Maria Valeria Catani
- Biochemistry Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Renato Massoud
- Biochemistry Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Biochemistry Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Richard A Knight
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK. Biochemistry Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy. Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Technological University, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alessandro Rufini
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK. Department of Cancer Studies, Cancer Research UK, Leicester Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
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26
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Antonov A, Agostini M, Morello M, Minieri M, Melino G, Amelio I. Bioinformatics analysis of the serine and glycine pathway in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:11004-13. [PMID: 25436979 PMCID: PMC4294344 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine and glycine are amino acids that provide the essential precursors for the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. Employing 3 subsequent enzymes, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH), phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1), 3-phosphoglycerate from glycolysis can be converted in serine, which in turn can by converted in glycine by serine methyl transferase (SHMT). Besides proving precursors for macromolecules, serine/glycine biosynthesis is also required for the maintenance of cellular redox state. Therefore, this metabolic pathway has a pivotal role in proliferating cells, including cancer cells. In the last few years an emerging literature provides genetic and functional evidences that hyperactivation of serine/glycine biosynthetic pathway drives tumorigenesis. Here, we extend these observations performing a bioinformatics analysis using public cancer datasets. Our analysis highlighted the relevance of PHGDH and SHMT2 expression as prognostic factor for breast cancer, revealing a substantial ability of these enzymes to predict patient survival outcome. However analyzing patient datasets of lung cancer our analysis reveled that some other enzymes of the pathways, rather than PHGDH, might be associated to prognosis. Although these observations require further investigations they might suggest a selective requirement of some enzymes in specific cancer types, recommending more cautions in the development of novel translational opportunities and biomarker identification of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Antonov
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK. Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Maria Morello
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Marilena Minieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK. Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy. Biochemistry Laboratory IDI-IRCC, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
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27
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Zhang S, Huang W, Li X, Yang Z, Feng B. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Computer-Aided Drug Designing of New Derivatives of Hyperactive Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:795-804. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong China
| | - Weibin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Brain Tumor Program; Texas Children's Cancer Center Department of Pediatrics; Baylor College of Medicine; 1102 Bates St., Ste. 1030.07 Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Zhicheng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong China
| | - Binghong Feng
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong China
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28
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Mei L, Chen Y, Wang Z, Wang J, Wan J, Yu C, Liu X, Li W. Synergistic anti-tumour effects of tetrandrine and chloroquine combination therapy in human cancer: a potential antagonistic role for p21. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2232-45. [PMID: 25521075 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tetrandrine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Stephaniae tetrandrae, has a long history in Chinese clinical applications to treat diverse diseases. Tetrandrine induced apoptosis or, at low concentrations, autophagy of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Here we have tested the effects of inhibitors of autophagy such as chloroquine, on the response to low concentrations of tetrandrine in cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cultures of several cancer cell lines, including Huh7, U251, HCT116 and A549 cells, were exposed to tetrandrine, chloroquine or a combination of these compounds. Cell viability and content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured and synergy assessed by calculation of the combination index. Western blot and RT-PCR assays were also used along with fluorescence microscopy and histochemical techniques. KEY RESULTS Combinations of tetrandrine and chloroquine were more cytotoxic than the same concentrations used separately and these effects showed synergy. Such effects involved increased ROS generation and were dependent on caspase-3 but independent of Akt activity. Blockade of tetrandrine-induced autophagy with 3-methyladenine or bafilomycin-A1 induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Lack of p21 protein (p21(-/-) HCT116 cells) increased sensitivity to the apoptotic effects of the combination of tetrandrine and chloroquine. In a tumour xenograft model in mice, combined treatment with tetrandrine and chloroquine induced ROS accumulation and cell apoptosis, and decreased tumour growth. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The combinations of tetrandrine and chloroquine exhibited synergistic anti-tumour activity, in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest a novel therapeutic strategy for tumour treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liufeng Mei
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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29
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Celardo I, Antonov A, Amelio I, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Melino G. p63 transcriptionally regulates the expression of matrix metallopeptidase 13. Oncotarget 2015; 5:1279-89. [PMID: 24658133 PMCID: PMC4012734 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
p63 is a transcriptional factor belonging to p53 family of genes. Beside the role in cancer, partially shared with p53 and the other member p73, p63 also plays exclusive roles in development and homeostasis of ectodermal/epidermal-related organs. Here we show that p63 transcriptionally controls the expression of the matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP13). p63 binds a p53-like responsive element in the human promoter of MMP13, thus promoting the activation of its transcription. The catalytic activity of MMP13 is required in high invasion capacity of metastatic cancer cells, however, although p63 and MMP13 expression correlates in cancer patients, their co-expression does not predict cancer patient survival. Our results demonstrate that p63 directly controls MMP13 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Celardo
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
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30
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Kim SJ, Wang YG, Lee HW, Kang HG, La SH, Choi IJ, Irimura T, Ro JY, Bresalier RS, Chun KH. Up-regulation of neogenin-1 increases cell proliferation and motility in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:3386-98. [PMID: 24930499 PMCID: PMC4102817 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although elevated expression of neogenin-1 has been detected in human gastric cancer tissue, its role in gastric tumorigenesis remains unclear due to the lack of neogenin-1 studies in cancer. Therefore, we demonstrated here the function and regulatory mechanism of neogenin-1 in gastric cancer. Neogenin-1 ablation decreased proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells, whereas its over-expression reversed these effects. Xenografted analyses using gastric cancer cells displayed statistically significant inhibition of tumor growth by neogenin-1 depletion. Interestingly, galectin-3 interacted with HSF-1 directly, which facilitated nuclear-localization and binding on neogenin-1 promoter to drive its transcription and gastric cancer cell motility. The galectin-3-increased gastric cancer cell motility was down-regulated by HSF-1 depletion. Moreover, the parallel expression patterns of galectin-3 and neogenin-1, as well as those of HSF-1 and neogenin-1, were detected in the malignant tissues of gastric cancer patients. Taken together, high-expression of neogenin-1 promotes gastric cancer proliferation and motility and its expression is regulated by HSF-1 and galectin-3 interaction. In addition, we propose further studies for neogenin-1 and its associated pathways to provide them as a proper target for gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Jun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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31
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Yi J, Huang X, Yang Y, Zhu WG, Gu W, Luo J. Regulation of histone acetyltransferase TIP60 function by histone deacetylase 3. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:33878-86. [PMID: 25301942 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.575266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The key member of the MOZ (monocyticleukaemia zinc finger protein), Ybf2/Sas3, Sas2, and TIP60 acetyltransferases family, Tat-interactive protein, 60 kD (TIP60), tightly modulates a wide array of cellular processes, including chromatin remodeling, gene transcription, apoptosis, DNA repair, and cell cycle arrest. The function of TIP60 can be regulated by SIRT1 through deacetylation. Here we found that TIP60 can also be functionally regulated by HDAC3. We identified six lysine residues as its autoacetylation sites. Mutagenesis of these lysines to arginines completely abolishes the autoacetylation of TIP60. Overexpression of HDAC3 increases TIP60 ubiquitination levels. However, unlike SIRT1, HDAC3 increased the half-life of TIP60. Further study found that HDAC3 colocalized with TIP60 both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, which could be the reason why HDAC3 can stabilize TIP60. The deacetylation of TIP60 by both SIRT1 and HDAC3 reduces apoptosis induced by DNA damage. Knockdown of HDAC3 in cells increased TIP60 acetylation levels and increased apoptosis after DNA damage. Together, our findings provide a better understanding of TIP60 regulation mechanisms, which is a significant basis for further studies of its cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Yi
- From the School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China, the Department of Medical and Research Technology and Department of Pathology, Program in Oncology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Xiangyang Huang
- the Department of Medical and Research Technology and Department of Pathology, Program in Oncology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, the Department of Rheumatology, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China, and
| | - Yuxia Yang
- the Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- the Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Gu
- the Institute for Cancer Genetics and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- the Department of Medical and Research Technology and Department of Pathology, Program in Oncology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, the Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China,
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32
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Kim SJ, Lee HW, Gu Kang H, La SH, Choi IJ, Ro JY, Bresalier RS, Song J, Chun KH. Ablation of galectin-3 induces p27(KIP1)-dependent premature senescence without oncogenic stress. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1769-79. [PMID: 24971481 PMCID: PMC4211374 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature senescence induced by oncogenic stimuli or tumor suppressor activation plays opposing roles in tumorigenesis. Here, we propose that galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding lectin, regulates premature senescence without oncogenic stress. We detected premature senescence, decreased Skp2, and increased p27KIP1 expression in galectin-3 knockout MEFs and galectin-3-depleted gastric cancer cells. Interestingly, galectin-3 depletion did not affect other senescence inducers such as p14ARF, p16INK4A, and p21WAF1/CIP1, suggesting that galectin-3-regulated senescence is p27KIP1 dependent. We demonstrate that galectin-3 depletion decreases retinoblastoma protein (Rb) phosphorylation (Ser780, Ser807/811), cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression, and E2F1 transcriptional activation. Galectin-3 directly interacts with the cyclin D1/CDK4 complex and promotes hyperphosphorylation of Rb. It also blocks the inhibition of E2F1 transcription, thereby increasing the expression of Skp2 and reducing the stability of p27KIP1 to promote the proliferation of gastric cancer cells. Xenograft mice with galectin-3-depleted gastric cancer cells display tumor growth retardation that is reversed by Skp2 overexpression. Increased expression of galectin-3 is also associated with the advanced TNM (tumor, lymph node, metastasis) system, clinicopathological stage, and lymph node metastases. The probability of survival was significantly decreased in gastric cancer patients with galectin-3high p27KIP1-lowcells. Taken together, our results show that galectin-3 may accelerate gastric tumorigenesis by inhibiting premature senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-J Kim
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea [2] Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H-W Lee
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea [2] Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Gu Kang
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea [2] Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H La
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea [2] Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Ju Choi
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Ro
- The Methodist Hospital, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R S Bresalier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K-H Chun
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea [2] Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sánchez-Molina S, Estarás C, Oliva JL, Akizu N, Asensio-Juan E, Rojas JM, Martínez-Balbás MA. Regulation of CBP and Tip60 coordinates histone acetylation at local and global levels during Ras-induced transformation. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2194-202. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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