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Abdelbary M, Mohamed R, Gillis EE, Diaz-Sanders K, Baban B, Brands MW, Sullivan JC. Sex differences in apoptosis do not contribute to sex differences in blood pressure or renal T cells in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1006951. [PMID: 36304583 PMCID: PMC9592703 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1006951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a physiological and anti-inflammatory form of cell death that is indispensable for normal physiology and homeostasis. Several studies have reported aberrant activation of apoptosis in various tissues at the onset of hypertension. However, the functional significance of apoptosis during essential hypertension remains largely undefined. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that apoptosis contributes to sex differences in blood pressure and the T cell profile in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Apoptosis was measured in kidney, aorta and spleen of 13-week-old adult hypertensive male and female SHR. Female SHR had greater renal and aortic apoptosis compared to age-matched males; apoptosis in the spleen was comparable between the sexes. Based on well-established sex differences in hypertension, we tested the hypothesis that greater apoptosis in female SHR contributes to the lower BP and pro-inflammatory profile compared to males. Male and female SHR were randomized to receive vehicle or ZVAD-FMK, a cell permeable pan-caspase inhibitor, in established hypertension from 13 to 15 weeks of age or at the onset of hypertension from 6 to 12 weeks or age. Treatment with ZVAD-FMK lowered renal apoptosis in both studies, yet neither BP nor renal T cells were altered in either male or female SHR. These results suggest that apoptosis does not contribute to the control or maintenance of BP in male or female SHR or sex differences in renal T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdelbary
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Riyaz Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ellen E. Gillis
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Karl Diaz-Sanders
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Michael W. Brands
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jennifer C. Sullivan
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,*Correspondence: Jennifer C. Sullivan,
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2
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Guido G, Crivellaro E, De Fortunato G, Melloni L. Sex and age dimorphism of the gut-brain axis in ischemic stroke: a systematic review of preliminary studies. Brain Res 2022; 1784:147888. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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3
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Pubertal LPS treatment selectively alters PSD-95 expression in male CD-1 mice. Brain Res Bull 2021; 175:186-195. [PMID: 34333052 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Puberty includes a highly stress-sensitive period with significant sex differences in the neurophysiological and behavioural outcomes of a peripheral immune challenge. Sex differences in the pubertal neuroimmune network's responses to systemic LPS may explain some of these enduring sex-specific outcomes of a pubertal immune challenge. However, the functional implications of these sex-specific neuroimmune responses on the local microenvironment are unclear. Western blots were used to examine treatment- and sex-related changes in expression of regulatory proteins in inflammation (NFκB), cell death (AIF), oxidative stress (SOD-1), and synaptic plasticity (PSD-95) following symptomatic recovery (i.e., one week post-treatment) from pubertal immune challenge. Across the four examined brain regions (i.e., hippocampus, PFC, hypothalamus, and cerebellum), only PSD-95 levels were altered one week post-treatment by the pubertal LPS treatment. Unlike their female counterparts, seven-week-old males showed increased PSD-95 expression in the hippocampus (p < .05). AIF, SOD-1, and NFκB levels in both sexes were unaffected by treatment (all p > .05), which suggests appropriate resolution of NFκB-mediated immune responses to pubertal LPS without stimulating AIF-mediated apoptosis and oxidative stress. We also report a significant male-biased sex difference in PSD-95 levels in the PFC and in cerebellar expression of SOD-1 during puberty (all p < .05). These findings highlight the sex-specific vulnerability of the pubertal hippocampus to systemic LPS and suggest that a pubertal immune challenge may expedite neurodevelopment in the hippocampus in a sex-specific manner.
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4
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Salekeen R, Diaconeasa AG, Billah MM, Islam KMD. Energy Metabolism Focused Analysis of Sexual Dimorphism in Biological Aging and Hypothesized Sex-specificity in Sirtuin Dependency. Mitochondrion 2021; 60:85-100. [PMID: 34332101 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The process of biological aging or senescence refers to the gradual loss of homeostasis and subsequent loss of function - leading to higher chances of mortality. Many mechanisms and driving forces have been suggested to facilitate the evolution of a molecular circuit acting as a trade-off between survival and proliferation, resulting in senescence. A major observation on biological aging and longevity in humans and model organisms is the prevalence of significant sexual divergence in the onset, mechanisms and effects of aging associated processes. In the current account, we describe possible mechanisms by which aging, sex and reproduction are evolutionarily intertwined in order to maintain systemic energy homeostasis. We also interrogate existing literature on the sexual dimorphism of genetic, cellular, metabolic, endocrine and epigenetic processes driving cellular and systemic aging. Subsequently, based on available evidence, we propose a hypothetic model of sex-limited decoupling of female longevity from sirtuins, a major family of regulator proteins of the survival-proliferation trade-off. We also provide necessary considerations to be made in order to test the hypothesis and explore the physiological and therapeutic implications of this decoupling event in male and female longevity after reaching reproductive maturity. HYPOTHESIS STATEMENT: Sirtuins provide survival benefits in a sex-nonspecific manner but the dependency on sirtuins in driving metabolic networks after reaching reproductive maturity is evolutionarily decoupled from female longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahagir Salekeen
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.
| | - Amalia Gabriela Diaconeasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Md Morsaline Billah
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.
| | - Kazi Mohammed Didarul Islam
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.
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5
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Lynch S, Boyett JE, Smith MR, Giordano-Mooga S. Sex Hormone Regulation of Proteins Modulating Mitochondrial Metabolism, Dynamics and Inter-Organellar Cross Talk in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:610516. [PMID: 33644031 PMCID: PMC7905018 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.610516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the U.S. and worldwide. Sex-related disparities have been identified in the presentation and incidence rate of CVD. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in both the etiology and pathology of CVD. Recent work has suggested that the sex hormones play a role in regulating mitochondrial dynamics, metabolism, and cross talk with other organelles. Specifically, the female sex hormone, estrogen, has both a direct and an indirect role in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis via PGC-1α, dynamics through Opa1, Mfn1, Mfn2, and Drp1, as well as metabolism and redox signaling through the antioxidant response element. Furthermore, data suggests that testosterone is cardioprotective in males and may regulate mitochondrial biogenesis through PGC-1α and dynamics via Mfn1 and Drp1. These cell-signaling hubs are essential in maintaining mitochondrial integrity and cell viability, ultimately impacting CVD survival. PGC-1α also plays a crucial role in inter-organellar cross talk between the mitochondria and other organelles such as the peroxisome. This inter-organellar signaling is an avenue for ameliorating rampant ROS produced by dysregulated mitochondria and for regulating intrinsic apoptosis by modulating intracellular Ca2+ levels through interactions with the endoplasmic reticulum. There is a need for future research on the regulatory role of the sex hormones, particularly testosterone, and their cardioprotective effects. This review hopes to highlight the regulatory role of sex hormones on mitochondrial signaling and their function in the underlying disparities between men and women in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Lynch
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - James E Boyett
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - M Ryan Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Samantha Giordano-Mooga
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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6
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Greater high-mobility group box 1 in male compared with female spontaneously hypertensive rats worsens renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:1751-1762. [PMID: 32608481 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Renal ischemia is the most common cause of acute kidney injury. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) initiate an inflammatory response and contribute to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in males, yet the contribution of DAMPs to IR injury in females is unknown. The goal of the current study was to test the hypothesis that males have greater increases in the DAMP high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), worsening injury compared with females. Thirteen-week-old male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were subjected to sham or 45-min warm bilateral ischemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion before measurement of HMGB1 and renal function. Additional SHR were pre-treated with control (IgG) or HMGB1 neutralizing antibody (300 µg/rat) 1 h prior to renal ischemia. Blood, urine and kidneys were harvested 24 h post-IR for histological and Western blot analyses. Initial studies confirmed that IR resulted in greater increases in renal HMGB1 in male SHR compared with females. Greater renal HMGB1 in male SHR post-IR resulted in greater increases in serum TNF-α and renal IL-1β, neutrophil infiltration and tubular cell death. Neutralization of HMGB1 attenuated IR-induced increases in plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), inflammation, tubular damage and tubular cell death only in male SHR. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that there is a sex difference in the contribution of HMGB1 to IR-induced injury, where males exhibit greater increases in HMGB1-mediated renal injury in response to IR compared with females.
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7
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Sex-specific stress response and HMGB1 release in pulmonary endothelial cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231267. [PMID: 32271800 PMCID: PMC7145198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Women are known to be associated with a higher susceptibility to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In contrast, male PAH patients have a worse survival prognosis. In this study, we investigated whether the contribution of sex goes beyond the effects of sex hormones by comparing the ability of isolated male and female pulmonary endothelial cells to respire, proliferate and tolerate the stress. Mouse lung endothelial cells (MLEC) were isolated from the lungs of male and female 3-week old mice. Male MLEC showed an increased basal mitochondrial respiration rate, elevated maximal respiration, a significantly greater level of mitochondrial polarization, and a higher rate of proliferation. Exposure of cells to hypoxia (2% of O2 for 24 hours) induced a strong apoptotic response in female but not male MLEC. In contrast, treatment with mitochondrial respiratory Complex III inhibitor Antimycin A (AA, 50μM) mediated severe necrosis specifically in male MLEC, while female cells again responded primarily by apoptosis. The same effect with female cells responding to the stress by apoptosis and male cells responding by necrosis was confirmed in starved pulmonary endothelial cells isolated from human donors. Elevated necrosis seen in male cells was associated with a significant release of damage-associated alarmin, HMGB1. No stimuli induced a significant elevation of HMGB1 secretion in females. We conclude that male cells appear to be protected against mild stress conditions, such as hypoxia, possibly due to increased mitochondrial respiration. In contrast, they are more sensitive to impaired mitochondrial function, to which they respond by necrotic death. Necrosis in male vascular cells releases a significant amount of HMGB1 that could contribute to the pro-inflammatory phenotype known to be associated with the male gender.
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8
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Chen J, Li X, Xu S, Zhang M, Wu Z, Zhang X, Xu Y, Chen Y. Delayed PARP-1 Inhibition Alleviates Post-stroke Inflammation in Male Versus Female Mice: Differences and Similarities. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:77. [PMID: 32317937 PMCID: PMC7146057 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-stroke inflammation is almost involved in the whole process of stroke pathogenesis, which serves as a prime target for developing new stroke therapies. Despite known sex differences in the incidence and outcome of stroke, few preclinical or clinical studies take into account sex bias in treatment. Recent evidence suggests that poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 inhibitor exerts sex-specific neuroprotection in the ischemic stroke. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of delayed PARP-1 inhibition on post-stroke inflammation and possible sexual dimorphism, and explore the possible relevant mediators. In male and female C57BL/6 mice subjected to transit middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), we found that delayed treatment of PARP-1 inhibitor at 48 h following reperfusion could comparably alleviate neuro-inflammation at 72 h after stroke. Whereas, more remarkable reduction of iNOS and MMP9 induced by PARP-1 inhibition were found in male MCAO mice, and the improvement of behavioral outcomes was more prominent in male MCAO mice. In addition, we further identified that PARP-1 inhibitor might equivalently suppress microglial activation in males and females in vivo and in vitro. With proteomic analysis and western blotting assay, it was found that stroke-induced peroxiredoxin-1 (Prx1) expression was significantly affected by PARP-1 inhibition. Interestingly, injection of recombinant Prx1 into the ischemic core could block the anti-inflammatory effects of PARP-1 inhibitor in the experimental stroke. These findings suggest that PARP-1 inhibitor has effects on regulating microglial activation and post-stroke inflammation in males and females, and holds promise as a novel therapeutic agent for stroke with extended therapeutic time window. Efforts need to be made to delineate the actions of PARP-1 inhibition in stroke, and here we propose that Prx1 might be a critical mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyi Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
| | - Meijuan Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengzheng Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanting Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
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9
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Meunier A, Marignol L. The radiotherapy cancer patient: female inclusive, but male dominated. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:851-856. [PMID: 32162989 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1741720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: The sex-neutral language used in preclinical and clinical research intends to be inclusive of both the female and the male population, but the practice of data pooling prevents the detection of the impact of sex on cancer biology and response to medications and treatment. This study aimed to examine the consideration of sex as biological variable in the evaluation of radiation therapy in preclinical and clinical studies.Methods: Preclinical and clinical studies published over a 12-month period were reviewed for the reporting of cells, animal or patient sex and the inclusion of sex as a biological variable in both study design and data analysis.Results: A total of 321 articles met the inclusion criteria: 41 (13%) preclinical and 280 (87%) clinical studies. Two articles reported separate outcome data for males and females. Where the sex of participants was stated (230/280 (82%), 81% reported a larger number of male participants, compared to females. Less than half (45%) of studies used sex as a variable in data analysis. Sex disparity was not dependent on study location but may be more prominent in certain cancer sites. In preclinical studies, sex was at best stated in those reporting on animals (48% of studies).Conclusion: Referring to a radiotherapy cancer patient, the literature is female inclusive, but a gap does exist when it comes to consideration of sex in data analysis. The pooled analysis of female and male data could introduce statistical biases and prevent the identification of key sex-specific biological subtilities that do affect radiation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle Meunier
- Translational Radiation Biology and Molecular Oncology, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laure Marignol
- Translational Radiation Biology and Molecular Oncology, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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The role of ADP-ribose metabolism in metabolic regulation, adipose tissue differentiation, and metabolism. Genes Dev 2020; 34:321-340. [PMID: 32029456 PMCID: PMC7050491 DOI: 10.1101/gad.334284.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this review, Szanto et al. summarize the metabolic regulatory roles of PARP enzymes and their associated pathologies. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs or ARTDs), originally described as DNA repair factors, have metabolic regulatory roles. PARP1, PARP2, PARP7, PARP10, and PARP14 regulate central and peripheral carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and often channel pathological disruptive metabolic signals. PARP1 and PARP2 are crucial for adipocyte differentiation, including the commitment toward white, brown, or beige adipose tissue lineages, as well as the regulation of lipid accumulation. Through regulating adipocyte function and organismal energy balance, PARPs play a role in obesity and the consequences of obesity. These findings can be translated into humans, as evidenced by studies on identical twins and SNPs affecting PARP activity.
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11
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Liu K, Singer E, Cohn W, Micewicz ED, McBride WH, Whitelegge JP, Loo JA. Time-Dependent Measurement of Nrf2-Regulated Antioxidant Response to Ionizing Radiation Toward Identifying Potential Protein Biomarkers for Acute Radiation Injury. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 13:e1900035. [PMID: 31419066 PMCID: PMC7213060 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Potential acute exposure to ionizing radiation in nuclear or radiological accidents presents complex mass casualty scenarios that demand prompt triage and treatment decisions. Due to delayed symptoms and varied response of radiation victims, there is an urgent need to develop robust biomarkers to assess the extent of injuries in individuals. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The transcription factor Nrf2 is the master of redox homeostasis and there is transcriptional evidence of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response activation upon radiation. The biomarker potential of Nrf2-dependent downstream target enzymes is investigated by measuring their response in bone marrow extracted from C57Bl/6 and C3H mice of both genders for up to 4 days following 6 Gy total body irradiation using targeted MS. RESULTS Overall, C57Bl/6 mice have a stronger proteomic response than C3H mice. In both strains, male mice have more occurrences of upregulation in antioxidant enzymes than female mice. For C57Bl/6 male mice, three proteins show elevated abundances after radiation exposure: catalase, superoxide dismutase 1, and heme oxygenase 1. Across both strains and genders, glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 is consistently decreased. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provides the basis for future development of organ-specific protein biomarkers used in diagnostic blood test for radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA
| | - Elizabeth Singer
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA
| | - Whitaker Cohn
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA
| | - Ewa D. Micewicz
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA
| | | | - Julian P. Whitelegge
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA
| | - Joseph A. Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, and UCLA/DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, UCLA
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12
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Rafikov R, Nair V, Sinari S, Babu H, Sullivan JC, Yuan JXJ, Desai AA, Rafikova O. Gender Difference in Damage-Mediated Signaling Contributes to Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:917-932. [PMID: 30652485 PMCID: PMC6765065 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive lethal disease with a known gender dimorphism. Female patients are more susceptible to PAH, whereas male patients have a lower survival rate. Initial pulmonary vascular damage plays an important role in PAH pathogenesis. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the role of gender in activation of apoptosis/necrosis-mediated signaling pathways in PAH. Results: The media collected from pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) that died by necrosis or apoptosis were used to treat naive PAECs. Necrotic cell death stimulated phosphorylation of toll-like receptor 4, accumulation of interleukin 1 beta, and expression of E-selectin in a redox-dependent manner; apoptosis did not induce any of these effects. In the animal model of severe PAH, the necrotic marker, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), was visualized in the pulmonary vascular wall of male but not female rats. This vascular necrosis was associated with male-specific redox changes in plasma, activation of the same inflammatory signaling pathway seen in response to necrosis in vitro, and an increased endothelial-leukocyte adhesion in small pulmonary arteries. In PAH patients, gender-specific changes in redox homeostasis correlated with the prognostic marker, B-type natriuretic peptide. Males had also shown elevated circulating levels of HMGB1 and pro-inflammatory changes. Innovation: This study discovered the role of gender in the initiation of damage-associated signaling in PAH and highlights the importance of the gender-specific approach in PAH therapy. Conclusion: In PAH, the necrotic cell death is augmented in male patients compared with female patients. Factors released from necrotic cells could alter redox homeostasis and stimulate inflammatory signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Rafikov
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Vineet Nair
- Division of Cardiology, Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Shripad Sinari
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | | | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Division of Cardiology, Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Olga Rafikova
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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13
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Abdelbary M, Rafikova O, Gillis EE, Musall JB, Baban B, O'Connor PM, Brands MW, Sullivan JC. Necrosis Contributes to the Development of Hypertension in Male, but Not Female, Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Hypertension 2019; 74:1524-1531. [PMID: 31656095 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Necrosis is a pathological form of cell death that induces an inflammatory response, and immune cell activation contributes to the development and maintenance of hypertension. Necrosis was measured in kidney, spleen, and aorta of 12- to 13-week-old male and female SHRs (spontaneously hypertensive rats); male SHRs had greater renal necrotic cell death than female SHRs. Because male SHRs have a higher blood pressure (BP) and a more proinflammatory T-cell profile than female SHRs, the current studies tested the hypothesis that greater necrotic cell death in male SHRs exacerbates increases in BP and contributes to the proinflammatory T-cell profile. Male and female SHRs were randomized to receive vehicle or Necrox-5-a cell permeable inhibitor of necrosis-from 6 to 12 weeks of age or from 11 to 13 weeks of age. In both studies, Necrox-5 decreased renal necrosis and abolished the sex difference. Treatment with Necrox-5 beginning at 6 weeks of age attenuated maturation-induced increases in BP in male SHR; BP in female SHR was not altered by Necrox-5 treatment. Necrox-5 decreased proinflammatory renal T cells in both sexes, although sex differences were maintained. Administration of Necrox-5 for 2 weeks in SHR with established hypertension resulted in a small but significant decrease in BP in males with no effect in females. These results suggest that greater necrotic cell death in male SHR exacerbates maturation-induced increases in BP with age contributing to sex differences in BP. Moreover, although necrosis is proinflammatory, it is unlikely to explain sex differences in the renal T-cell profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdelbary
- From the Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia (M.A., O.R., E.E.G., J.B.M., P.O., M.W.B., J.C.S.), Augusta University
| | - Olga Rafikova
- From the Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia (M.A., O.R., E.E.G., J.B.M., P.O., M.W.B., J.C.S.), Augusta University
| | - Ellen E Gillis
- From the Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia (M.A., O.R., E.E.G., J.B.M., P.O., M.W.B., J.C.S.), Augusta University
| | - Jacqueline B Musall
- From the Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia (M.A., O.R., E.E.G., J.B.M., P.O., M.W.B., J.C.S.), Augusta University
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology (B.B.), Augusta University
| | - Paul M O'Connor
- From the Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia (M.A., O.R., E.E.G., J.B.M., P.O., M.W.B., J.C.S.), Augusta University
| | - Michael W Brands
- From the Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia (M.A., O.R., E.E.G., J.B.M., P.O., M.W.B., J.C.S.), Augusta University
| | - Jennifer C Sullivan
- From the Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia (M.A., O.R., E.E.G., J.B.M., P.O., M.W.B., J.C.S.), Augusta University
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14
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Role of Gender in Regulation of Redox Homeostasis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8050135. [PMID: 31100969 PMCID: PMC6562572 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is one of the diseases with a well-established gender dimorphism. The prevalence of PAH is increased in females with a ratio of 4:1, while poor survival prognosis is associated with the male gender. Nevertheless, the specific contribution of gender in disease development and progression is unclear due to the complex nature of the PAH. Oxidative and nitrosative stresses are important contributors in PAH pathogenesis; however, the role of gender in redox homeostasis has been understudied. This review is aimed to overview the possible sex-specific mechanisms responsible for the regulation of the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in relation to PAH pathobiology.
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15
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Allocca M, Corrigan JJ, Mazumder A, Fake KR, Samson LD. Inflammation, necrosis, and the kinase RIP3 are key mediators of AAG-dependent alkylation-induced retinal degeneration. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/568/eaau9216. [PMID: 30755477 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aau9216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA-alkylating agents are commonly used to kill cancer cells, but the base excision repair (BER) pathway they trigger can also produce toxic intermediates that cause tissue damage, such as retinal degeneration (RD). Apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death, is assumed to be the main mechanism of this alkylation-induced photoreceptor (PR) cell death in RD. Here, we studied the involvement of necroptosis (another programmed cell death process) and inflammation in alkylation-induced RD. Male mice exposed to a methylating agent exhibited a reduced number of PR cell rows, active gliosis, and cytokine induction and macrophage infiltration in the retina. Dying PRs exhibited a necrotic morphology, increased 8-hydroxyguanosine abundance (an oxidative damage marker), and overexpression of the necroptosis-associated genes Rip1 and Rip3 The activity of PARP1, which mediates BER, cell death, and inflammation, was increased in PR cells and associated with the release of proinflammatory chemokine HMGB1 from PR nuclei. Mice lacking the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 exhibited more severe RD, whereas deficiency of RIP3 (also known as RIPK3) conferred partial protection. Female mice were partially protected from alkylation-induced RD, showing reduced necroptosis and inflammation compared to males. PRs in mice lacking the BER-initiating DNA glycosylase AAG did not exhibit alkylation-induced necroptosis or inflammation. Our findings show that AAG-initiated BER at alkylated DNA bases induces sex-dependent RD primarily by triggering necroptosis and activating an inflammatory response that amplifies the original damage and, furthermore, reveal new potential targets to prevent this side effect of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacarmela Allocca
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joshua J Corrigan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aprotim Mazumder
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kimberly R Fake
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Leona D Samson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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16
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Faltz M, Bergin H, Pilavachi E, Grimwade G, Mabley JG. Effect of the Anti-retroviral Drugs Efavirenz, Tenofovir and Emtricitabine on Endothelial Cell Function: Role of PARP. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2018; 17:393-404. [PMID: 28050758 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-016-9397-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Highly active anti-retroviral therapy has proved successful in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection though it has been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. To date, the direct effects of the anti-retroviral drugs Efavirenz, Tenofovir and Emtricitabine on the vasculature relaxant response have not been elucidated, which impaired may predispose individuals to cardiovascular disease. Increased cellular oxidative stress and overactivation of the DNA repair enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) have been identified as central mediators of vascular dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate whether exposure to Efavirenz, Tenofovir or Emtricitabine directly causes endothelial cell dysfunction via overactivation of PARP. Exposure of ex vivo male rat aortic rings or in vitro endothelial cells to Efavirenz but not Tenofovir or Emtricitabine impaired the acetylcholine-mediated relaxant response, increased cellular oxidative stress and PARP activity, decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis and necrosis. Pharmacological inhibition of PARP protected against the Efavirenz-mediated impairment of vascular relaxation and endothelial cell dysfunction. Oestrogen exposure also protected against the Efavirenz-mediated inhibition of the vascular relaxant response, cell dysfunction and increased PARP activation. In conclusion, Efavirenz directly impairs endothelial cell function, which may account for the increased risk of developing cardiovascular complications with anti-retroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Faltz
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Hild Bergin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Elly Pilavachi
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9PX, UK
| | - Guy Grimwade
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Jon G Mabley
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK.
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17
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Calvo JA, Allocca M, Fake KR, Muthupalani S, Corrigan JJ, Bronson RT, Samson LD. Parp1 protects against Aag-dependent alkylation-induced nephrotoxicity in a sex-dependent manner. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44950-44965. [PMID: 27391435 PMCID: PMC5216697 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is a common toxic side-effect of chemotherapeutic alkylating agents. Although the base excision repair (BER) pathway is essential in repairing DNA alkylation damage, under certain conditions the initiation of BER produces toxic repair intermediates that damage healthy tissues. We have shown that the alkyladenine DNA glycosylase, Aag (a.k.a. Mpg), an enzyme that initiates BER, mediates alkylation-induced whole-animal lethality and cytotoxicity in the pancreas, spleen, retina, and cerebellum, but not in the kidney. Cytotoxicity in both wild-type and Aag-transgenic mice (AagTg) was abrogated in the absence of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (Parp1). Here we report that Parp1-deficient mice expressing increased Aag (AagTg/Parp1−/−) develop sex-dependent kidney failure upon exposure to the alkylating agent, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), and suffer increased whole-animal lethality compared to AagTg and wild-type mice. Macroscopic, histological, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical analyses revealed morphological kidney damage including dilated tubules, proteinaceous casts, vacuolation, collapse of the glomerular tuft, and deterioration of podocyte structure. Moreover, mice exhibited clinical signs of kidney disease indicating functional damage, including elevated blood nitrogen urea and creatinine, hypoproteinemia and proteinuria. Pharmacological Parp inhibition in AagTg mice also resulted in sensitivity to MMS-induced nephrotoxicity. These findings provide in vivo evidence that Parp1 modulates Aag-dependent MMS-induced nephrotoxicity in a sex-dependent manner and highlight the critical roles that Aag-initiated BER and Parp1 may play in determining the side-effects of chemotherapeutic alkylating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Calvo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mariacarmela Allocca
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly R Fake
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Joshua J Corrigan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Leona D Samson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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18
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Suzuki A, Barnhart H, Gu J, Bonkovsky HL, Tillmann HL, Fontana RJ, Kleiner DE. Associations of gender and a proxy of female menopausal status with histological features of drug-induced liver injury. Liver Int 2017; 37:1723-1730. [PMID: 28161910 PMCID: PMC5545077 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Gender and menopause may contribute to type and severity of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) by influencing host responses to injury. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of gender and female age 50 [a proxy of menopause] with histological features of liver injury in 212 adults enrolled in the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) registry. METHODS All participants had a causality score of at least 'probable', a liver biopsy within 30 days of DILI onset, and no prior chronic liver disease. Biochemical and histological injury types were classified as hepatocellular or cholestatic/mixed injury. The cohort was divided into three gender/age categories: men (41.0%), women <50 years (27.4%) and women ≥50 years of age (31.6%). Interaction of gender and age category (≥50 or not) was assessed. RESULTS Hepatocellular injury was more prevalent in women <50 years vs. others (P=.002). After adjusting for biochemical injury types, black race and possible ageing effects, more severe interface hepatitis was noted in biopsies of women <50 years compared to those of men and women ≥50 years (P=.009 and P=.055 respectively). Compared to those of men, biopsies of women showed greater plasma cell infiltration, hepatocyte apoptosis, hepatocyte rosettes and lobular disarray but less iron-positive hepatocytes and histological cholestasis (P<.05). These associations persisted after excluding cases of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, anabolic steroids or nitrofurantoin DILI which showed gender-specific distributions. CONCLUSION Gender and a proxy of menopause were associated with various features of inflammation and injury in DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiezhun Gu
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Herbert L. Bonkovsky
- Section on Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC,University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Hans L. Tillmann
- Gastroenterology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Robert J. Fontana
- Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - David E. Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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19
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Clayton JA. Applying the new SABV (sex as a biological variable) policy to research and clinical care. Physiol Behav 2017; 187:2-5. [PMID: 28823546 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sex as a biological variable (SABV) is a key part of the new National Institutes of Health (NIH) initiative to enhance reproducibility through rigor and transparency. The SABV policy requires researchers to factor sex into the design, analysis, and reporting of vertebrate animal and human studies. The policy was implemented as it has become increasingly clear that male/female differences extend well beyond reproductive and hormonal issues. Implementation of the policy is also meant to address inattention to sex influences in biomedical research. Sex affects: cell physiology, metabolism, and many other biological functions; symptoms and manifestations of disease; and responses to treatment. For example, sex has profound influences in neuroscience, from circuitry to physiology to pain perception. Extending beyond the robust efforts of NIH to ensure that women are included in clinical trials, the SABV policy also includes rigorous preclinical experimental designs that inform clinical research. Additionally, the NIH has engaged journal editors and publishers to facilitate reproducibility by addressing rigor and promoting transparency through scientifically appropriate sex-specific study results reporting. The Sex And Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines were developed to assist researchers and journal editors in reporting sex and gender information in publications [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Austin Clayton
- Office of Research on Women's Health, National Institutes of Health, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States.
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20
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MLL-AF9 leukemias are sensitive to PARP1 inhibitors combined with cytotoxic drugs. Blood Adv 2017; 1:1467-1472. [PMID: 29296788 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017006247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PARP1 is required for the maintenance of MLL-AF9 leukemias.PARP1 inhibitors enhance the therapeutic effect of cytotoxic drugs against MLL-AF9 leukemias.
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21
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PARP inhibitors protect against sex- and AAG-dependent alkylation-induced neural degeneration. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68707-68720. [PMID: 28978150 PMCID: PMC5620290 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkylating agents are commonly used to treat cancer. Although base excision repair (BER) is a major pathway for repairing DNA alkylation damage, under certain conditions, the initiation of BER produces toxic repair intermediates that damage healthy tissues. The initiation of BER by the alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG, a.k.a. MPG) can mediate alkylation-induced cytotoxicity in specific cells in the retina and cerebellum of male mice. Cytotoxicity in both wild-type and Aag-transgenic (AagTg) mice is abrogated in the absence of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1). Here, we tested whether PARP inhibitors can also prevent alkylation-induced retinal and cerebellar degeneration in male and female WT and AagTg mice. Importantly, we found that WT mice display sex-dependent alkylation-induced retinal damage (but not cerebellar damage), with WT males being more sensitive than females. Accordingly, estradiol treatment protects males against alkylation-induced retinal degeneration. In AagTg male and female mice, the alkylation-induced tissue damage in both the retina and cerebellum is exacerbated and the sex difference in the retina is abolished. PARP inhibitors, much like Parp1 gene deletion, protect against alkylation-induced AAG-dependent neuronal degeneration in WT and AagTg mice, regardless of the gender, but their efficacy in preventing alkylation-induced neuronal degeneration depends on PARP inhibitor characteristics and doses. The recent surge in the use of PARP inhibitors in combination with cancer chemotherapeutic alkylating agents might represent a powerful tool for obtaining increased therapeutic efficacy while avoiding the collateral effects of alkylating agents in healthy tissues.
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22
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Lee WJ, Lee SC, Lee JH, Rho GJ, Lee SL. Differential regulation of senescence and in vitro differentiation by 17β-estradiol between mesenchymal stem cells derived from male and female mini-pigs. J Vet Sci 2017; 17:159-70. [PMID: 26645340 PMCID: PMC4921664 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.2.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization and potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are gender dependent and estrogen influences these properties. This study demonstrated that supplementation with 17β-estradiol (E2) increases the proliferation of bone marrow-MSCs derived from male and female mini-pigs (Mp- and Fp-BMSCs) in a concentration-dependent manner, with 10-12 M E2 suggested as the optimal dose of E2 that led to the greatest improvement in BMSCs proliferation. Supplementation of 10-12 M E2 resulted in down-regulation of β-galactosidase activity and pro-apoptotic activity in both BMSCs, while anti-apoptotic activity was up-regulated in only Fp-BMSCs. Further, E2 increased the osteogenic ability of Fp-BMSCs. Based on these findings, optimal utilization of E2 can improve cellular senescence and apoptosis, as well as in vitro osteogenesis of BMSCs, and could therefore be useful in stem cell therapy, particularly in bone regeneration for adult females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Jae Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,PWG Genetics Pte. Ltd., 15 Tech Park Crescent, Singapore 638117, Singapore
| | - Seung-Chan Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Lee
- Advanced Therapy Products Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sung-Lim Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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23
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Li Q, Han X, Lan X, Gao Y, Wan J, Durham F, Cheng T, Yang J, Wang Z, Jiang C, Ying M, Koehler RC, Stockwell BR, Wang J. Inhibition of neuronal ferroptosis protects hemorrhagic brain. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e90777. [PMID: 28405617 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes high mortality and morbidity, but our knowledge of post-ICH neuronal death and related mechanisms is limited. In this study, we first demonstrated that ferroptosis, a newly identified form of cell death, occurs in the collagenase-induced ICH model in mice. We found that administration of ferrostatin-1, a specific inhibitor of ferroptosis, prevented neuronal death and reduced iron deposition induced by hemoglobin in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs). Mice treated with ferrostatin-1 after ICH exhibited marked brain protection and improved neurologic function. Additionally, we found that ferrostatin-1 reduced lipid reactive oxygen species production and attenuated the increased expression level of PTGS2 and its gene product cyclooxygenase-2 ex vivo and in vivo. Moreover, ferrostatin-1 in combination with other inhibitors that target different forms of cell death prevented hemoglobin-induced cell death in OHSCs and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons better than any inhibitor alone. These results indicate that ferroptosis contributes to neuronal death after ICH, that administration of ferrostatin-1 protects hemorrhagic brain, and that cyclooxygenase-2 could be a biomarker of ferroptosis. The insights gained from this study will advance our knowledge of the post-ICH cell death cascade and be essential for future preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Xiaoning Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Xi Lan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Yufeng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Jieru Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | | | - Tian Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Mingyao Ying
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
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24
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Berger NA, Besson VC, Boulares AH, Bürkle A, Chiarugi A, Clark RS, Curtin NJ, Cuzzocrea S, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, Haskó G, Liaudet L, Moroni F, Pacher P, Radermacher P, Salzman AL, Snyder SH, Soriano FG, Strosznajder RP, Sümegi B, Swanson RA, Szabo C. Opportunities for the repurposing of PARP inhibitors for the therapy of non-oncological diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:192-222. [PMID: 28213892 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent clinical availability of the PARP inhibitor olaparib (Lynparza) opens the door for potential therapeutic repurposing for non-oncological indications. Considering (a) the preclinical efficacy data with PARP inhibitors in non-oncological diseases and (b) the risk-benefit ratio of treating patients with a compound that inhibits an enzyme that has physiological roles in the regulation of DNA repair, we have selected indications, where (a) the severity of the disease is high, (b) the available therapeutic options are limited, and (c) the duration of PARP inhibitor administration could be short, to provide first-line options for therapeutic repurposing. These indications are as follows: acute ischaemic stroke; traumatic brain injury; septic shock; acute pancreatitis; and severe asthma and severe acute lung injury. In addition, chronic, devastating diseases, where alternative therapeutic options cannot halt disease development (e.g. Parkinson's disease, progressive multiple sclerosis or severe fibrotic diseases), should also be considered. We present a preclinical and clinical action plan for the repurposing of PARP inhibitors. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Inventing New Therapies Without Reinventing the Wheel: The Power of Drug Repurposing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Berger
- Center for Science, Health and Society, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Valerie C Besson
- EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - A Hamid Boulares
- The Stanley Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Headache Center - University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Robert S Clark
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicola J Curtin
- Newcastle University, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering and Department of Neurology and Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering and Department of Neurology and Department of Physiology and Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Lucas Liaudet
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Burn Center, University Hospital Medical Center, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Flavio Moroni
- Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, Section on Oxidative Stress Tissue Injury, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Solomon H Snyder
- Department of Neurology and Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francisco Garcia Soriano
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Robert P Strosznajder
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Department of Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Balázs Sümegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Raymond A Swanson
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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25
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Oliveira C, Lourenço GJ, Rinck-Junior JA, de Moraes AM, Lima CSP. Polymorphisms in apoptosis-related genes in cutaneous melanoma prognosis: sex disparity. Med Oncol 2017; 34:19. [PMID: 28050764 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) cells are resistant to apoptosis, and steroid hormones are involved in this process through regulation of TP53, MDM2, BAX, and BCL2 expression. We analyzed herein sex differences in outcomes of CM patients associated with TP53 c.215G>C, MDM2 c.309T>G, BAX c.-248G>A, and BCL2 c.-717C>A polymorphisms. DNA from 121 men and 116 women patients was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and enzymatic digestion assays. At 60 months of follow-up, shorter progression-free survival (PFS) was seen in males with MDM2 GG + BCL2 AA (20.0 vs. 62.6%, P = 0.0008) genotype. Men carriers of the genotype had poor PFS (HR 3.78, 95% CI 1.30-11.0) than others. For women, shorter PFS was associated with TP53 GC or CC (61.4 vs. 80.8%, P = 0.01) and TP53 GC or CC + MDM2 TG or GG (59.1 vs. 85.4%, P = 0.01) genotypes at the same time. Women carriers of the genotypes had poor PFS (HR 2.46, 95% CI 1.19-5.09; HR 9.49, 95% CI 1.14-78.50) than others, respectively. Our data present, for the first time, preliminary evidence that inherited abnormalities on TP53, MDM2 and BCL2 genes, enrolled in apoptosis pathways, have a pivotal role in differences of outcomes in women and men with CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Alexander Fleming, 181, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Distrito de Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Jacob Lourenço
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Alexander Fleming, 181, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Distrito de Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - José Augusto Rinck-Junior
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Alexander Fleming, 181, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Distrito de Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Aparecida Machado de Moraes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Alexander Fleming, 181, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Distrito de Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Carmen Silvia Passos Lima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Alexander Fleming, 181, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Distrito de Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo, CEP 13083-970, Brazil.
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26
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Khalifa O, Pers YM, Ferreira R, Sénéchal A, Jorgensen C, Apparailly F, Duroux-Richard I. X-Linked miRNAs Associated with Gender Differences in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1852. [PMID: 27834806 PMCID: PMC5133852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that predominantly affects women. MicroRNAs have emerged as crucial regulators of the immune system, whose expression is deregulated in RA. We aimed at quantifying the expression level of 14 miRNAs located on the X chromosome and at identifying whether differences are associated with disease and/or sex. A case-control study of 21 RA patients and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The expression level of five miRNAs (miR-221, miR-222, miR-532, miR-106a, and miR-98) was significantly different between RA and controls when stratifying by sex, and the expression level of four miRNAs (miR-222, miR-532, miR-98, and miR-92a) was significantly different between RA females and males. The expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis revealed a significant gender effect of the FoxP3 promoter polymorphism rs3761548A/C on miR-221, miR-222 and miR-532 expression levels, and of the FoxP3 polymorphism rs2232365A/G on miR-221 expression levels in PBMC of RA patients. These data further support the involvement of the X chromosome in RA susceptibility. X-linked miRNAs, in the context of sex differences, might provide novel insight into new molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets in RA for disease treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Khalifa
- Inserm, U1183, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, CHU Saint Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France.
- University of Montpellier, Boulevard Henri IV, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Yves-Marie Pers
- Inserm, U1183, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, CHU Saint Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France.
- University of Montpellier, Boulevard Henri IV, 34090 Montpellier, France.
- Clinical Department for Osteoarticular Diseases and Biotherapy, University Hospital Lapeyronie, 34295 Montpellier, France.
| | - Rosanna Ferreira
- Clinical Department for Osteoarticular Diseases and Biotherapy, University Hospital Lapeyronie, 34295 Montpellier, France.
| | - Audrey Sénéchal
- Inserm, U1051, Institute for Neurosciences Montpellier, CHU Saint Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France.
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- Inserm, U1183, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, CHU Saint Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France.
- University of Montpellier, Boulevard Henri IV, 34090 Montpellier, France.
- Clinical Department for Osteoarticular Diseases and Biotherapy, University Hospital Lapeyronie, 34295 Montpellier, France.
| | - Florence Apparailly
- Inserm, U1183, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, CHU Saint Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France.
- University of Montpellier, Boulevard Henri IV, 34090 Montpellier, France.
- Clinical Department for Osteoarticular Diseases and Biotherapy, University Hospital Lapeyronie, 34295 Montpellier, France.
| | - Isabelle Duroux-Richard
- Inserm, U1183, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, CHU Saint Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France.
- University of Montpellier, Boulevard Henri IV, 34090 Montpellier, France.
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Corradetti C, Jog NR, Gallucci S, Madaio M, Balachandran S, Caricchio R. Immune-Mediated Nephropathy and Systemic Autoimmunity in Mice Does Not Require Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase 3 (RIPK3). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163611. [PMID: 27669412 PMCID: PMC5036882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune mediated nephropathy is one of the most serious manifestations of lupus and is characterized by severe inflammation and necrosis that, if untreated, eventually leads to renal failure. Although lupus has a higher incidence in women, both sexes can develop lupus glomerulonephritis; nephritis in men develops earlier and is more severe than in women. It is therefore important to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating nephritis in each sex. Previous work by our lab found that the absence or pharmacological inhibition of Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1), an enzyme involved in DNA repair and necrotic cell death, affects only male mice and results in milder nephritis, with less in situ inflammation, and diminished incidence of necrotic lesions, allowing for higher survival rates. A second pathway mediating necrosis involves Receptor-Interacting Serine-Threonine Kinase 3 (RIPK3); in this study we sought to investigate the impact of RIPK3 on the development of lupus and nephritis in both sexes. To this end, we used two inducible murine models of lupus: chronic graft versus host disease (cGvHD) and pristane-induced lupus; and nephrotoxic serum (NTS)-induced nephritis as a model of immune mediated nephropathy. We found that the absence of RIPK3 has neither positive nor negative impact on the disease development or progression of lupus and nephritis in all three models, and in both male and female mice. We conclude that RIPK3 is dispensable for the pathogenesis of lupus and immune mediated nephropathy as to accelerate, worsen or ameliorate the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Corradetti
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology Section, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States of America
| | - Neelakshi R. Jog
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Stefania Gallucci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States of America
| | - Michael Madaio
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15 Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States of America
| | - Siddharth Balachandran
- Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, United States of America
| | - Roberto Caricchio
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology Section, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Singh N, Johnstone DB, Martin KA, Tempera I, Kaplan MJ, Denny MF. Alterations in nuclear structure promote lupus autoimmunity in a mouse model. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:885-97. [PMID: 27483354 PMCID: PMC5007980 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.024851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the development of autoantibodies that recognize components of the cell nucleus. The vast majority of lupus research has focused on either the contributions of immune cell dysfunction or the genetics of the disease. Because granulocytes isolated from human SLE patients had alterations in neutrophil nuclear morphology that resembled the Pelger-Huet anomaly, and had prominent mis-splicing of mRNA encoding the nuclear membrane protein lamin B receptor (LBR), consistent with their Pelger-Huet-like nuclear morphology, we used a novel mouse model system to test the hypothesis that a disruption in the structure of the nucleus itself also contributes to the development of lupus autoimmunity. The lupus-prone mouse strain New Zealand White (NZW) was crossed with c57Bl/6 mice harboring a heterozygous autosomal dominant mutation in Lbr (B6.Lbr(ic/+)), and the (NZW×B6.Lbr(ic))F1 offspring were evaluated for induction of lupus autoimmunity. Only female (NZW×B6.Lbr(ic))F1 mice developed lupus autoimmunity, which included splenomegaly, kidney damage and autoantibodies. Kidney damage was accompanied by immune complex deposition, and perivascular and tubule infiltration of mononuclear cells. The titers of anti-chromatin antibodies exceeded those of aged female MRL-Fas(lpr) mice, and were predominantly of the IgG2 subclasses. The anti-nuclear antibody staining profile of female (NZW×B6.Lbr(ic))F1 sera was complex, and consisted of an anti-nuclear membrane reactivity that colocalized with the A-type lamina, in combination with a homogeneous pattern that was related to the recognition of histones with covalent modifications that are associated with gene activation. An anti-neutrophil IgM recognizing calreticulin, but not myeloperoxidase (MPO) or proteinase 3 (PR3), was also identified. Thus, alterations in nuclear structure contribute to lupus autoimmunity when expressed in the context of a lupus-prone genetic background, suggesting a mechanism for the development of lupus autoimmunity in genetically predisposed individuals that is induced by the disruption of nuclear architecture.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoantibodies/blood
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Autoantigens/blood
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Autoimmunity
- Calreticulin/metabolism
- Cell Nucleus/pathology
- Cell Separation
- Crosses, Genetic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Granulocytes/metabolism
- Granulocytes/pathology
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin M/immunology
- Kidney/pathology
- Lamin Type A/metabolism
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/blood
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myeloblastin/metabolism
- Peroxidase/metabolism
- RNA Splicing/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Splenomegaly/pathology
- Transcriptional Activation
- Lamin B Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Singh
- Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Duncan B Johnstone
- Section of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kayla A Martin
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Fels Institute for Cancer Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Italo Tempera
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Fels Institute for Cancer Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael F Denny
- Section of Rheumatology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Jubin T, Kadam A, Jariwala M, Bhatt S, Sutariya S, Gani AR, Gautam S, Begum R. The PARP family: insights into functional aspects of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in cell growth and survival. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:421-37. [PMID: 27329285 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP family members can be found spread across all domains and continue to be essential molecules from lower to higher eukaryotes. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1), newly termed ADP-ribosyltransferase D-type 1 (ARTD1), is a ubiquitously expressed ADP-ribosyltransferase (ART) enzyme involved in key cellular processes such as DNA repair and cell death. This review assesses current developments in PARP-1 biology and activation signals for PARP-1, other than conventional DNA damage activation. Moreover, many essential functions of PARP-1 still remain elusive. PARP-1 is found to be involved in a myriad of cellular events via conservation of genomic integrity, chromatin dynamics and transcriptional regulation. This article briefly focuses on its other equally important overlooked functions during growth, metabolic regulation, spermatogenesis, embryogenesis, epigenetics and differentiation. Understanding the role of PARP-1, its multidimensional regulatory mechanisms in the cell and its dysregulation resulting in diseased states, will help in harnessing its true therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jubin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - A Kadam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - M Jariwala
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - S Bhatt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - S Sutariya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - A R Gani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - S Gautam
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - R Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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30
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Kukurba KR, Parsana P, Balliu B, Smith KS, Zappala Z, Knowles DA, Favé MJ, Davis JR, Li X, Zhu X, Potash JB, Weissman MM, Shi J, Kundaje A, Levinson DF, Awadalla P, Mostafavi S, Battle A, Montgomery SB. Impact of the X Chromosome and sex on regulatory variation. Genome Res 2016; 26:768-77. [PMID: 27197214 PMCID: PMC4889977 DOI: 10.1101/gr.197897.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The X Chromosome, with its unique mode of inheritance, contributes to differences between the sexes at a molecular level, including sex-specific gene expression and sex-specific impact of genetic variation. Improving our understanding of these differences offers to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying sex-specific traits and diseases. However, to date, most studies have either ignored the X Chromosome or had insufficient power to test for the sex-specific impact of genetic variation. By analyzing whole blood transcriptomes of 922 individuals, we have conducted the first large-scale, genome-wide analysis of the impact of both sex and genetic variation on patterns of gene expression, including comparison between the X Chromosome and autosomes. We identified a depletion of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) on the X Chromosome, especially among genes under high selective constraint. In contrast, we discovered an enrichment of sex-specific regulatory variants on the X Chromosome. To resolve the molecular mechanisms underlying such effects, we generated chromatin accessibility data through ATAC-sequencing to connect sex-specific chromatin accessibility to sex-specific patterns of expression and regulatory variation. As sex-specific regulatory variants discovered in our study can inform sex differences in heritable disease prevalence, we integrated our data with genome-wide association study data for multiple immune traits identifying several traits with significant sex biases in genetic susceptibilities. Together, our study provides genome-wide insight into how genetic variation, the X Chromosome, and sex shape human gene regulation and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Kukurba
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Princy Parsana
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Brunilda Balliu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kevin S Smith
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Zachary Zappala
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - David A Knowles
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Marie-Julie Favé
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Joe R Davis
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - James B Potash
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Myrna M Weissman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Douglas F Levinson
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Philip Awadalla
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sara Mostafavi
- Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Alexis Battle
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA;
| | - Stephen B Montgomery
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
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31
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The impact of gender on stroke pathology and treatment. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 67:119-24. [PMID: 26657813 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is a leading cause of mortality and functional disability. However, unfortunately few effective treatments exist to counteract the deleterious pathological mechanisms triggered following an ischemic event. Epidemiological and experimental studies have revealed a significant difference in the vulnerability of males versus females to both the incidence of stroke and amount of resulting pathology following an ischemic stroke which is also dependent on the stage of lifespan. Here we review the evidence for gender differences in both the overall pathology and cellular mechanisms of injury following ischemic stroke. In addition, we discuss the evidence for any gender differences that may occur in the effectiveness of treatments and how this supports the need for the investigation and development of gender-specific therapies.
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32
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Rescue from Sexually Dimorphic Neuronal Cell Death by Estradiol and PI3 Kinase Activity. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 36:767-75. [PMID: 26369912 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Responses of primary hippocampal and cortical neurons derived from male and female rats to cellular stressors were studied. It is demonstrated that 17β-estradiol (E2), a potent neuroprotectant, protected the female neurons but had no effects on the male neurons from CoCl2- and glutamate-induced toxicity. Agonists of the estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes ERα and ERβ, DPN and PPT, respectively, had similar effects to E2. By contrast, effects of E2 were abolished by the ER antagonist ICI-182780, further corroborating the neuroprotective role of ERs. In male neurons, CoCl2 predominately activated the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF)-dependent pathway and AIF translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus. In comparison, CoCl2 activated the caspase pathway and cytochrome c release in female neurons. The inhibitors of these pathways, namely DiQ for AIF and zVAD for caspase, specifically rescued CoCl2-induced cell death in male and female neurons, respectively. When zVAD and ICI-182780, and E2 were applied in combination, it was demonstrated E2 acted on the caspase pathway leading to female-specific neuroprotection. Furthermore, the PI3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor blocked the rescue effects of DiQ and zVAD on the male and female neurons, respectively, suggesting that PI3K is a common upstream regulator for both pathways. The present study suggested that both sex-specific and nonspecific mechanisms played a role in neuronal responses to stressors and protective reagents.
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33
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Chen M, Suzuki A, Borlak J, Andrade RJ, Lucena MI. Drug-induced liver injury: Interactions between drug properties and host factors. J Hepatol 2015; 63:503-14. [PMID: 25912521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a common cause for drug withdrawal from the market and although infrequent, DILI can result in serious clinical outcomes including acute liver failure and the need for liver transplantation. Eliminating the iatrogenic "harm" caused by a therapeutic intent is a priority in patient care. However, identifying culprit drugs and individuals at risk for DILI remains challenging. Apart from genetic factors predisposing individuals at risk, the role of the drugs' physicochemical and toxicological properties and their interactions with host and environmental factors need to be considered. The influence of these factors on mechanisms involved in DILI is multi-layered. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on 1) drug properties associated with hepatotoxicity, 2) host factors considered to modify an individuals' risk for DILI and clinical phenotypes, and 3) drug-host interactions. We aim at clarifying knowledge gaps needed to be filled in as to improve risk stratification in patient care. We therefore broadly discuss relevant areas of future research. Emerging insight will stimulate new investigational approaches to facilitate the discovery of clinical DILI risk modifiers in the context of disease complexity and associated interactions with drug properties, and hence will be able to move towards safety personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Chen
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Gastroenterology, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Raúl J Andrade
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Enfermedades Digestivas, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Isabel Lucena
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Enfermedades Digestivas, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
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34
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Jog NR, Caricchio R. 17β estradiol regulates adhesion molecule expression in mesangial cells during glomerulonephritis. Clin Immunol 2015; 159:13-22. [PMID: 25926428 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We showed previously that 17β estradiol (E2) led to improved survival in nephrotoxic serum induced nephritis (NTN) in male mice. In this study we determined whether E2 regulates vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, an adhesion molecule that is upregulated in kidney during autoimmune nephritis, in mesangial cells (MC). We show that E2 inhibited VCAM-1 up-regulation in kidneys in vivo during NTN, and in MCs upon TNFα stimulation. VCAM-1 up-regulation in MCs was controlled by the transcription factor NFκB. E2 inhibited RNA polymerase II recruitment to the VCAM-1 promoter, but not p65 recruitment. Interestingly E2 inhibited TNFα stimulated interaction between poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and p65. As PARP-1 is required for VCAM-1 upregulation in MCs, our data suggest that E2 may inhibit pre-initiation complex formation at VCAM-1 promoter by inhibiting PARP-1 recruitment to p65. We propose that E2 plays an important role in regulating renal inflammation locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelakshi R Jog
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roberto Caricchio
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Batnasan E, Wang R, Wen J, Ke Y, Li X, Bohio AA, Zeng X, Huo H, Han L, Boldogh I, Ba X. 17-beta estradiol inhibits oxidative stress-induced accumulation of AIF into nucleolus and PARP1-dependent cell death via estrogen receptor alpha. Toxicol Lett 2015; 232:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Luo Y, Roy M, Xiao X, Sun S, Liang L, Chen H, Fu Y, Sun Y, Zhu M, Ye M, Liu J. Lycorine induces programmed necrosis in the multiple myeloma cell line ARH-77. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:2937-45. [PMID: 25487618 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycorine, a natural alkaloid, has been widely reported to possess potential efficacy against cancer. However, the anti-multiple myeloma mechanism of lycorine is not fully understood. In this study, the results demonstrated that lycorine is effective against multiple myeloma cell line ARH-77 via inducing programmed necrosis. The mechanisms of lycorine on the multiple myeloma cell line ARH-77 are associated with G1 phase cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, ATP depletion, and DNA damage. Our results elucidate the new mechanism of lycorine against multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
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Franconi F, Rosano G, Campesi I. Need for gender-specific pre-analytical testing: the dark side of the moon in laboratory testing. Int J Cardiol 2014; 179:514-35. [PMID: 25465806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Many international organisations encourage studies in a sex-gender perspective. However, research with a gender perspective presents a high degree of complexity, and the inclusion of sex-gender variable in experiments presents many methodological questions, the majority of which are still neglected. Overcoming these issues is fundamental to avoid erroneous results. Here, pre-analytical aspects of the research, such as study design, choice of utilised specimens, sample collection and processing, animal models of diseases, and the observer's role, are discussed. Artefacts in this stage of research could affect the predictive value of all analyses. Furthermore, the standardisation of research subjects according to their lifestyles and, if female, to their life phase and menses or oestrous cycle, is urgent to harmonise research worldwide. A sex-gender-specific attention to pre-analytical aspects could produce a decrease in the time for translation from the bench to bedside. Furthermore, sex-gender-specific pre-clinical pharmacological testing will enable adequate assessment of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic actions of drugs and will enable, where appropriate, an adequate gender-specific clinical development plan. Therefore, sex-gender-specific pre-clinical research will increase the gender equity of care and will produce more evidence-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Franconi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, National Laboratory of Gender Medicine of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Osilo, Sassari, Italy; Vicepresident of Basilicata Region.
| | - Giuseppe Rosano
- Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria Campesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, National Laboratory of Gender Medicine of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Osilo, Sassari, Italy
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Jog NR, Caricchio R. The role of necrotic cell death in the pathogenesis of immune mediated nephropathies. Clin Immunol 2014; 153:243-53. [PMID: 24845790 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Necrosis, an inflammatory form of cell death, has been considered to be an accidental death and/or cell death due to injury. However, the literature in the last decade has established that necrosis is a regulated form of cell death, and that inhibition of specific molecular pathways leading to necrosis can block it and reduce inflammation. Since necrotic lesions are observed in several immune mediated human pathologies, in this review we will discuss the impact that this form of programmed cellular demise has in the pathology of immune mediated nephropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelakshi R Jog
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, Temple Autoimmunity Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roberto Caricchio
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, Temple Autoimmunity Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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