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Zhang B, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Wu F, Ma X, Sheng W, Dai R, Guo Z, Yan W, Hao L, Huang G, Ma D, Hao B, Ma J. SMC3 contributes to heart development by regulating super-enhancer associated genes. Exp Mol Med 2024:10.1038/s12276-024-01293-0. [PMID: 39085358 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal cardiac development has been observed in individuals with Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) due to mutations in genes encoding members of the cohesin complex. However, the precise role of cohesin in heart development remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the indispensable role of SMC3, a component of the cohesin complex, in cardiac development and its underlying mechanism. Our investigation revealed that CdLS patients with SMC3 mutations have high rates of congenital heart disease (CHD). We utilized heart-specific Smc3-knockout (SMC3-cKO) mice, which exhibit varying degrees of outflow tract (OFT) abnormalities, to further explore this relationship. Additionally, we identified 16 rare SMC3 variants with potential pathogenicity in individuals with isolated CHD. By employing single-nucleus RNA sequencing and chromosome conformation capture high-throughput genome-wide translocation sequencing, we revealed that Smc3 deletion downregulates the expression of key genes, including Ets2, in OFT cardiac muscle cells by specifically decreasing interactions between super-enhancers (SEs) and promoters. Notably, Ets2-SE-null mice also exhibit delayed OFT development in the heart. Our research revealed a novel role for SMC3 in heart development via the regulation of SE-associated genes, suggesting its potential relevance as a CHD-related gene and providing crucial insights into the molecular basis of cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; ENT Institute, Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital; Institute of Medical Genetics & Genomics; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital; Medical Science Data Center at Intelligent Medicine Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yongchang Zhu
- Henan Medical Genetics Institute, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Shanghai Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Feizhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; ENT Institute, Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital; Institute of Medical Genetics & Genomics; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital; Medical Science Data Center at Intelligent Medicine Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; ENT Institute, Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital; Institute of Medical Genetics & Genomics; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital; Medical Science Data Center at Intelligent Medicine Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; ENT Institute, Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital; Institute of Medical Genetics & Genomics; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital; Medical Science Data Center at Intelligent Medicine Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ranran Dai
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Zhenglong Guo
- Henan Medical Genetics Institute, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Weili Yan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; ENT Institute, Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital; Institute of Medical Genetics & Genomics; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital; Medical Science Data Center at Intelligent Medicine Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lili Hao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; ENT Institute, Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital; Institute of Medical Genetics & Genomics; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital; Medical Science Data Center at Intelligent Medicine Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guoying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; ENT Institute, Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital; Institute of Medical Genetics & Genomics; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital; Medical Science Data Center at Intelligent Medicine Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Duan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; ENT Institute, Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital; Institute of Medical Genetics & Genomics; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital; Medical Science Data Center at Intelligent Medicine Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Bingtao Hao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; ENT Institute, Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital; Institute of Medical Genetics & Genomics; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital; Medical Science Data Center at Intelligent Medicine Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Gruca-Stryjak K, Doda-Nowak E, Dzierla J, Wróbel K, Szymankiewicz-Bręborowicz M, Mazela J. Advancing the Clinical and Molecular Understanding of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome: A Multidisciplinary Pediatric Case Series and Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2423. [PMID: 38673696 PMCID: PMC11050916 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a complex genetic disorder with distinct facial features, growth limitations, and limb anomalies. Its broad clinical spectrum presents significant challenges in pediatric diagnosis and management. Due to cohesin complex mutations, the disorder's variable presentation requires extensive research to refine care and improve outcomes. This article provides a case series review of pediatric CdLS patients alongside a comprehensive literature review, exploring clinical variability and the relationship between genotypic changes and phenotypic outcomes. It also discusses the evolution of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, emphasizing innovations in genetic testing, including detecting mosaicism and novel genetic variations. The aim is to synthesize case studies with current research to advance our understanding of CdLS and the effectiveness of management strategies in pediatric healthcare. This work highlights the need for an integrated, evidence-based approach to diagnosis and treatment. It aims to fill existing research gaps and advocate for holistic care protocols and tailored treatment plans for CdLS patients, ultimately improving their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Gruca-Stryjak
- Department of Perinatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Centers for Medical Genetics Diagnostyka GENESIS, 60-406 Poznan, Poland
| | - Emilia Doda-Nowak
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (J.D.)
| | - Julia Dzierla
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (J.D.)
| | - Karolina Wróbel
- Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Jan Mazela
- Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
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3
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Yu X. Promising Therapeutic Treatments for Cardiac Fibrosis: Herbal Plants and Their Extracts. Cardiol Ther 2023; 12:415-443. [PMID: 37247171 PMCID: PMC10423196 DOI: 10.1007/s40119-023-00319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is closely associated with multiple heart diseases, which are a prominent health issue in the global world. Neurohormones and cytokines play indispensable roles in cardiac fibrosis. Many signaling pathways participate in cardiac fibrosis as well. Cardiac fibrosis is due to impaired degradation of collagen and impaired fibroblast activation, and collagen accumulation results in increasing heart stiffness and inharmonious activity, leading to structure alterations and finally cardiac function decline. Herbal plants have been applied in traditional medicines for thousands of years. Because of their naturality, they have attracted much attention for use in resisting cardiac fibrosis in recent years. This review sheds light on several extracts from herbal plants, which are promising therapeutics for reversing cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA.
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4
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Mfarej MG, Hyland CA, Sanchez AC, Falk MM, Iovine MK, Skibbens RV. Cohesin: an emerging master regulator at the heart of cardiac development. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:rs2. [PMID: 36947206 PMCID: PMC10162415 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-12-0557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cohesins are ATPase complexes that play central roles in cellular processes such as chromosome division, DNA repair, and gene expression. Cohesinopathies arise from mutations in cohesin proteins or cohesin complex regulators and encompass a family of related developmental disorders that present with a range of severe birth defects, affect many different physiological systems, and often lead to embryonic fatality. Treatments for cohesinopathies are limited, in large part due to the lack of understanding of cohesin biology. Thus, characterizing the signaling networks that lie upstream and downstream of cohesin-dependent pathways remains clinically relevant. Here, we highlight alterations in cohesins and cohesin regulators that result in cohesinopathies, with a focus on cardiac defects. In addition, we suggest a novel and more unifying view regarding the mechanisms through which cohesinopathy-based heart defects may arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Mfarej
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | - Caitlin A. Hyland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | - Annie C. Sanchez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | - Matthias M. Falk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | - M. Kathryn Iovine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | - Robert V. Skibbens
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
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5
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Umbach A, Maule G, Kheir E, Cutarelli A, Foglia M, Guarrera L, Fava LL, Conti L, Garattini E, Terao M, Cereseto A. Generation of corrected hiPSC clones from a Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) patient through CRISPR-Cas-based technology. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:440. [PMID: 36056433 PMCID: PMC9438151 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare multisystem genetic disorder which is caused by genetic defects involving the Nipped-B-like protein (NIPBL) gene in the majority of clinical cases (60–70%). Currently, there are no specific cures available for CdLS and clinical management is needed for life. Disease models are highly needed to find a cure. Among therapeutic possibilities are genome editing strategies based on CRISPR-Cas technology. Methods A comparative analysis was performed to test the most recent CRISPR-Cas technologies comprising base- and prime-editors which introduce modifications without DNA cleavages and compared with sequence substitution approaches through homology directed repair (HDR) induced by Cas9 nuclease activity. The HDR method that was found more efficient was applied to repair a CdLS-causing mutation in the NIPBL gene. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from a CdLS patient carrying the c.5483G > A mutation in the NIPBL were modified through HDR to generate isogenic corrected clones. Results This study reports an efficient method to repair the NIPBL gene through HDR mediated by CRISPR-Cas and induced with a compound (NU7441) inhibiting non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair. This sequence repair method allowed the generation of isogenic wild-type hiPSCs clones with regular karyotype and preserved pluripotency. Conclusions CdLS cellular models were generated which will facilitate the investigation of the disease molecular determinants and the identification of therapeutic targets. In particular, the hiPSC-based cellular models offer the paramount advantage to study the tissue differentiation stages which are altered in the CdLS clinical development. Importantly, the hiPSCs that were generated are isogenic thus providing the most controlled experimental set up between wild-type and mutated conditions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03135-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Umbach
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Povo, Italy
| | - Giulia Maule
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Povo, Italy
| | - Eyemen Kheir
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Povo, Italy
| | | | - Marika Foglia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Guarrera
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca L Fava
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Povo, Italy
| | - Luciano Conti
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Povo, Italy
| | - Enrico Garattini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Mineko Terao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Cereseto
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Povo, Italy.
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6
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Pileggi S, La Vecchia M, Colombo EA, Fontana L, Colapietro P, Rovina D, Morotti A, Tabano S, Porta G, Alcalay M, Gervasini C, Miozzo M, Sirchia SM. Cohesin Mutations Induce Chromatin Conformation Perturbation of the H19/ IGF2 Imprinted Region and Gene Expression Dysregulation in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Cell Lines. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1622. [PMID: 34827619 PMCID: PMC8615450 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is considered a cohesinopathy caused by constitutive mutations in cohesin complex genes. Cohesin is a major regulator of chromatin architecture, including the formation of chromatin loops at the imprinted IGF2/H19 domain. We used 3C analysis on lymphoblastoid cells from CdLS patients carrying mutations in NIPBL and SMC1A genes to explore 3D chromatin structure of the IGF2/H19 locus and evaluate the influence of cohesin alterations in chromatin architecture. We also assessed quantitative expression of imprinted loci and WNT pathway genes, together with DMR methylation status of the imprinted genes. A general impairment of chromatin architecture and the emergence of new interactions were found. Moreover, imprinting alterations also involved the expression and methylation levels of imprinted genes, suggesting an association among cohesin genetic defects, chromatin architecture impairment, and imprinting network alteration. The WNT pathway resulted dysregulated: canonical WNT, cell cycle, and WNT signal negative regulation were the most significantly affected subpathways. Among the deregulated pathway nodes, the key node of the frizzled receptors was repressed. Our study provides new evidence that mutations in genes of the cohesin complex have effects on the chromatin architecture and epigenetic stability of genes commonly regulated by high order chromatin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Pileggi
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.V.); (E.A.C.); (L.F.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Marta La Vecchia
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.V.); (E.A.C.); (L.F.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Elisa Adele Colombo
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.V.); (E.A.C.); (L.F.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Laura Fontana
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.V.); (E.A.C.); (L.F.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (S.M.S.)
- Unit of Medical Genetics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Colapietro
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Medical Genetics, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (P.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Davide Rovina
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.V.); (E.A.C.); (L.F.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Annamaria Morotti
- Research Laboratories Coordination Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy;
| | - Silvia Tabano
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Medical Genetics, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (P.C.); (S.T.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Porta
- Centro di Medicina Genomica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Myriam Alcalay
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.V.); (E.A.C.); (L.F.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.V.); (E.A.C.); (L.F.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (S.M.S.)
- Unit of Medical Genetics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Maria Sirchia
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.V.); (E.A.C.); (L.F.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (S.M.S.)
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7
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Marí-Beffa M, Mesa-Román AB, Duran I. Zebrafish Models for Human Skeletal Disorders. Front Genet 2021; 12:675331. [PMID: 34490030 PMCID: PMC8418114 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.675331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, the Nosology Committee of the International Skeletal Dysplasia Society provided an updated version of the Nosology and Classification of Genetic Skeletal Disorders. This is a reference list of recognized diseases in humans and their causal genes published to help clinician diagnosis and scientific research advances. Complementary to mammalian models, zebrafish has emerged as an interesting species to evaluate chemical treatments against these human skeletal disorders. Due to its versatility and the low cost of experiments, more than 80 models are currently available. In this article, we review the state-of-art of this “aquarium to bedside” approach describing the models according to the list provided by the Nosology Committee. With this, we intend to stimulate research in the appropriate direction to efficiently meet the actual needs of clinicians under the scope of the Nosology Committee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Marí-Beffa
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana B Mesa-Román
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ivan Duran
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
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8
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Cai X, Yang S, Peng Y, Huang Y, Chen H, Wu X. Screening of key genes during early embryonic development of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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García-Gutiérrez P, García-Domínguez M. BETting on a Transcriptional Deficit as the Main Cause for Cornelia de Lange Syndrome. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:709232. [PMID: 34386522 PMCID: PMC8353280 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.709232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a human developmental syndrome with complex multisystem phenotypic features. It has been traditionally considered a cohesinopathy together with other phenotypically related diseases because of their association with mutations in subunits of the cohesin complex. Despite some overlap, the clinical manifestations of cohesinopathies vary considerably and, although their precise molecular mechanisms are not well defined yet, the potential pathomechanisms underlying these diverse developmental defects have been theoretically linked to alterations of the cohesin complex function. The cohesin complex plays a critical role in sister chromatid cohesion, but this function is not affected in CdLS. In the last decades, a non-cohesion-related function of this complex on transcriptional regulation has been well established and CdLS pathoetiology has been recently associated to gene expression deregulation. Up to 70% of CdLS cases are linked to mutations in the cohesin-loading factor NIPBL, which has been shown to play a prominent function on chromatin architecture and transcriptional regulation. Therefore, it has been suggested that CdLS can be considered a transcriptomopathy. Actually, CdLS-like phenotypes have been associated to mutations in chromatin-associated proteins, as KMT2A, AFF4, EP300, TAF6, SETD5, SMARCB1, MAU2, ZMYND11, MED13L, PHIP, ARID1B, NAA10, BRD4 or ANKRD11, most of which have no known direct association with cohesin. In the case of BRD4, a critical highly investigated transcriptional coregulator, an interaction with NIPBL has been recently revealed, providing evidence on their cooperation in transcriptional regulation of developmentally important genes. This new finding reinforces the notion of an altered gene expression program during development as the major etiological basis for CdLS. In this review, we intend to integrate the recent available evidence on the molecular mechanisms underlying the clinical manifestations of CdLS, highlighting data that favors a transcription-centered framework, which support the idea that CdLS could be conceptualized as a transcriptomopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo García-Gutiérrez
- Andalusian Centre for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Mario García-Domínguez
- Andalusian Centre for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
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10
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Selicorni A, Mariani M, Lettieri A, Massa V. Cornelia de Lange Syndrome: From a Disease to a Broader Spectrum. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1075. [PMID: 34356091 PMCID: PMC8307173 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a genetic disease that exemplifies the evolution of knowledge in the field of rare genetic disorders. Originally described as a unique pattern of major and minor anomalies, over time this syndrome has been shown to be characterized by a significant variability of clinical expression. By increasing the number of patients described, knowledge of the natural history of the condition has been enriched with the demonstration of the relative frequency of various potential comorbidities. Since 2006, the discovery of CdLS's molecular basis has shown an equally vast genetic heterogeneity linked to the presence of variants in genes encoding for the cohesin complex pathway. The most recent clinical-genetic data led to the classification of the "original syndrome" into a "clinical spectrum" that foresees the presence of classic patients, of non-classic forms, and of conditions that show a modest phenotypic overlapping with the original disease. Finally, the knowledge of the molecular basis of the disease has allowed the development of basic research projects that could lay the foundations for the development of possible innovative pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Selicorni
- Mariani Foundation Center for Fragile Child, Pediatric Unit ASST Lariana, 22100 Como, Italy;
| | - Milena Mariani
- Mariani Foundation Center for Fragile Child, Pediatric Unit ASST Lariana, 22100 Como, Italy;
| | - Antonella Lettieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (A.L.); (V.M.)
- CRC Aldo Ravelli for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Massa
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (A.L.); (V.M.)
- CRC Aldo Ravelli for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
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11
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Gu W, Wang L, Gu R, Ouyang H, Bao B, Zheng L, Xu B. Defects of cohesin loader lead to bone dysplasia associated with transcriptional disturbance. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:8208-8225. [PMID: 34170011 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cohesin loader nipped-B-like protein (Nipbl) is increasingly recognized for its important role in development and cancer. Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS), mostly caused by heterozygous mutations of Nipbl, is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by multiorgan malformations. However, the regulatory role and underlying mechanism of Nipbl in skeletal development remain largely elusive. In this study, we constructed a Nipbl-a Cas9-knockout (KO) zebrafish, which displayed severe retardation of global growth and skeletal development. Deficiency of Nipbl remarkably compromised cell growth and survival, and osteogenic differentiation of mammalian osteoblast precursors. Furthermore, Nipbl depletion impaired the cell cycle process, and caused DNA damage accumulation and cellular senescence. In addition, nucleolar fibrillarin expression, global rRNA biogenesis, and protein translation were defective in the Nipbl-depleted osteoblast precursors. Interestingly, an integrated stress response inhibitor (ISRIB), partially rescued Nipbl depletion-induced cellular defects in proliferation and apoptosis, osteogenesis, and nucleolar function. Simultaneously, we performed transcriptome analysis of Nipbl deficiency on human neural crest cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts in combination with Nipbl ChIP-Seq. We found that Nipbl deficiency caused thousands of differentially expressed genes including some important genes in bone and cartilage development. In conclusion, Nipbl deficiency compromised skeleton development through impairing osteoblast precursor cell proliferation and survival, and osteogenic differentiation, and also disturbing the expression of some osteogenesis-regulatory genes. Our study elucidated that Nipbl played a pivotal role in skeleton development, and supported the fact that treatment of ISRIB may provide an early intervention strategy to alleviate the bone dysplasia of CdLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihuai Gu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Renjie Gu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiya Ouyang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baicheng Bao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Orthodontic Department, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Baoshan Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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12
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Ithal D, Sukumaran SK, Bhattacharjee D, Vemula A, Nadella R, Mahadevan J, Sud R, Viswanath B, Purushottam M, Jain S. Exome hits demystified: The next frontier. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 59:102640. [PMID: 33892377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have complex inheritance patterns, involving both common and rare variants. Whole exome sequencing is a promising approach to find out the rare genetic variants. We had previously reported several rare variants in multiplex families with severe mental illnesses. The current article tries to summarise the biological processes and pattern of expression of genes harbouring the aforementioned variants, linking them to known clinical manifestations through a methodical narrative review. Of the 28 genes considered for this review from 7 families with multiple affected individuals, 6 genes are implicated in various neuropsychiatric manifestations including some variations in the brain morphology assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Another 15 genes, though associated with neuropsychiatric manifestations, did not have established brain morphological changes whereas the remaining 7 genes did not have any previously recorded neuropsychiatric manifestations at all. Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway was associated with 6 of these genes and PI3K/AKT, calcium signaling, ERK, RhoA and notch signaling pathways had at least 2 gene associations. We present a comprehensive review of biological and clinical knowledge about the genes previously reported in multiplex families with severe mental illness. A 'disease in dish approach' can be helpful to further explore the fundamental mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruva Ithal
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Salil K Sukumaran
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharjee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Alekhya Vemula
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Nadella
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayant Mahadevan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Reeteka Sud
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Biju Viswanath
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Meera Purushottam
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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13
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Labudina A, Horsfield JA. The three-dimensional genome in zebrafish development. Brief Funct Genomics 2021:elab008. [PMID: 33675363 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, remarkable progress has been made toward understanding the three-dimensional (3D) organisation of genomes and the influence of genome organisation on gene regulation. Although 3D genome organisation probably plays a crucial role in embryo development, animal studies addressing the developmental roles of chromosome topology are only just starting to emerge. Zebrafish, an important model system for early development, have already contributed important advances in understanding the developmental consequences of perturbation in 3D genome organisation. Zebrafish have been used to determine the effects of mutations in proteins responsible for 3D genome organisation: cohesin and CTCF. In this review, we highlight research to date from zebrafish that has provided insight into how 3D genome organisation contributes to tissue-specific gene regulation and embryo development.
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14
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Grazioli P, Parodi C, Mariani M, Bottai D, Di Fede E, Zulueta A, Avagliano L, Cereda A, Tenconi R, Wierzba J, Adami R, Iascone M, Ajmone PF, Vaccari T, Gervasini C, Selicorni A, Massa V. Lithium as a possible therapeutic strategy for Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:34. [PMID: 33597506 PMCID: PMC7889653 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a rare developmental disorder affecting a multitude of organs including the central nervous system, inducing a variable neurodevelopmental delay. CdLS malformations derive from the deregulation of developmental pathways, inclusive of the canonical WNT pathway. We have evaluated MRI anomalies and behavioral and neurological clinical manifestations in CdLS patients. Importantly, we observed in our cohort a significant association between behavioral disturbance and structural abnormalities in brain structures of hindbrain embryonic origin. Considering the cumulative evidence on the cohesin-WNT-hindbrain shaping cascade, we have explored possible ameliorative effects of chemical activation of the canonical WNT pathway with lithium chloride in different models: (I) Drosophila melanogaster CdLS model showing a significant rescue of mushroom bodies morphology in the adult flies; (II) mouse neural stem cells restoring physiological levels in proliferation rate and differentiation capabilities toward the neuronal lineage; (III) lymphoblastoid cell lines from CdLS patients and healthy donors restoring cellular proliferation rate and inducing the expression of CyclinD1. This work supports a role for WNT-pathway regulation of CdLS brain and behavioral abnormalities and a consistent phenotype rescue by lithium in experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Grazioli
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Parodi
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Bottai
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822“Aldo Ravelli” Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Fede
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Aida Zulueta
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Avagliano
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Cereda
- Department of Pediatrics-ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Romano Tenconi
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jolanta Wierzba
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine Nursing, Department of Rare Disorders, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Raffaella Adami
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Iascone
- Department of Pediatrics-ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Paola Francesca Ajmone
- grid.414818.00000 0004 1757 8749Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Vaccari
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822“Aldo Ravelli” Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Massa
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822“Aldo Ravelli” Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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15
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Truong BT, Artinger KB. The power of zebrafish models for understanding the co-occurrence of craniofacial and limb disorders. Genesis 2021; 59:e23407. [PMID: 33393730 PMCID: PMC8153179 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial and limb defects are two of the most common congenital anomalies in the general population. Interestingly, these defects are not mutually exclusive. Many patients with craniofacial phenotypes, such as orofacial clefting and craniosynostosis, also present with limb defects, including polydactyly, syndactyly, brachydactyly, or ectrodactyly. The gene regulatory networks governing craniofacial and limb development initially seem distinct from one another, and yet these birth defects frequently occur together. Both developmental processes are highly conserved among vertebrates, and zebrafish have emerged as an advantageous model due to their high fecundity, relative ease of genetic manipulation, and transparency during development. Here we summarize studies that have used zebrafish models to study human syndromes that present with both craniofacial and limb phenotypes. We discuss the highly conserved processes of craniofacial and limb/fin development and describe recent zebrafish studies that have explored the function of genes associated with human syndromes with phenotypes in both structures. We attempt to identify commonalities between the two to help explain why craniofacial and limb anomalies often occur together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany T. Truong
- Human Medical Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Kristin Bruk Artinger
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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16
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Spreafico M, Mangano E, Mazzola M, Consolandi C, Bordoni R, Battaglia C, Bicciato S, Marozzi A, Pistocchi A. The Genome-Wide Impact of Nipblb Loss-of-Function on Zebrafish Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9719. [PMID: 33352756 PMCID: PMC7766774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional changes normally occur during development but also underlie differences between healthy and pathological conditions. Transcription factors or chromatin modifiers are involved in orchestrating gene activity, such as the cohesin genes and their regulator NIPBL. In our previous studies, using a zebrafish model for nipblb knockdown, we described the effect of nipblb loss-of-function in specific contexts, such as central nervous system development and hematopoiesis. However, the genome-wide transcriptional impact of nipblb loss-of-function in zebrafish embryos at diverse developmental stages remains under investigation. By RNA-seq analyses in zebrafish embryos at 24 h post-fertilization, we examined genome-wide effects of nipblb knockdown on transcriptional programs. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that nipblb loss-of-function has an impact on gene expression at 24 h post fertilization, mainly resulting in gene inactivation. A similar transcriptional effect has also been reported in other organisms, supporting the use of zebrafish as a model to understand the role of Nipbl in gene regulation during early vertebrate development. Moreover, we unraveled a connection between nipblb-dependent differential expression and gene expression patterns of hematological cell populations and AML subtypes, enforcing our previous evidence on the involvement of NIPBL-related transcriptional dysregulation in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Spreafico
- Department of Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milano, Italy; (M.S.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Eleonora Mangano
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milano, Italy; (E.M.); (C.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Mara Mazzola
- Department of Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milano, Italy; (M.S.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Clarissa Consolandi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milano, Italy; (E.M.); (C.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Roberta Bordoni
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milano, Italy; (E.M.); (C.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Cristina Battaglia
- Department of Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milano, Italy; (M.S.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio-Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Anna Marozzi
- Department of Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milano, Italy; (M.S.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Department of Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milano, Italy; (M.S.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (A.M.)
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17
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Chin CV, Antony J, Ketharnathan S, Labudina A, Gimenez G, Parsons KM, He J, George AJ, Pallotta MM, Musio A, Braithwaite A, Guilford P, Hannan RD, Horsfield JA. Cohesin mutations are synthetic lethal with stimulation of WNT signaling. eLife 2020; 9:e61405. [PMID: 33284104 PMCID: PMC7746233 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding subunits of the cohesin complex are common in several cancers, but may also expose druggable vulnerabilities. We generated isogenic MCF10A cell lines with deletion mutations of genes encoding cohesin subunits SMC3, RAD21, and STAG2 and screened for synthetic lethality with 3009 FDA-approved compounds. The screen identified several compounds that interfere with transcription, DNA damage repair and the cell cycle. Unexpectedly, one of the top 'hits' was a GSK3 inhibitor, an agonist of Wnt signaling. We show that sensitivity to GSK3 inhibition is likely due to stabilization of β-catenin in cohesin-mutant cells, and that Wnt-responsive gene expression is highly sensitized in STAG2-mutant CMK leukemia cells. Moreover, Wnt activity is enhanced in zebrafish mutant for cohesin subunits stag2b and rad21. Our results suggest that cohesin mutations could progress oncogenesis by enhancing Wnt signaling, and that targeting the Wnt pathway may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for cohesin-mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chue Vin Chin
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Genetics Otago Research Centre, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Jisha Antony
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Genetics Otago Research Centre, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Sarada Ketharnathan
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Genetics Otago Research Centre, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Anastasia Labudina
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Genetics Otago Research Centre, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Gregory Gimenez
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Genetics Otago Research Centre, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Kate M Parsons
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Jinshu He
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Amee J George
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Maria Michela Pallotta
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)PisaItaly
| | - Antonio Musio
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)PisaItaly
| | - Antony Braithwaite
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Parry Guilford
- Department of Biochemistry, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Ross D Hannan
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of QueenslandSt LuciaAustralia
| | - Julia A Horsfield
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Genetics Otago Research Centre, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
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18
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Sarogni P, Pallotta MM, Musio A. Cornelia de Lange syndrome: from molecular diagnosis to therapeutic approach. J Med Genet 2020; 57:289-295. [PMID: 31704779 PMCID: PMC7231464 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a severe genetic disorder characterised by multisystemic malformations. CdLS is due to pathogenetic variants in NIPBL, SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21 and HDAC8 genes which belong to the cohesin pathway. Cohesin plays a pivotal role in chromatid cohesion, gene expression, and DNA repair. In this review, we will discuss how perturbations in those biological processes contribute to CdLS phenotype and will emphasise the state-of-art of CdLS therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Sarogni
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria M Pallotta
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Musio
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
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19
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Cheresiz SV, Volgin AD, Kokorina Evsyukova A, Bashirzade AAO, Demin KA, de Abreu MS, Amstislavskaya TG, Kalueff AV. Understanding neurobehavioral genetics of zebrafish. J Neurogenet 2020; 34:203-215. [PMID: 31902276 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2019.1698565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to its fully sequenced genome, high genetic homology to humans, external fertilization, fast development, transparency of embryos, low cost and active reproduction, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a novel promising model organism in biomedicine. Zebrafish are a useful tool in genetic and neuroscience research, including linking various genetic mutations to brain mechanisms using forward and reverse genetics. These approaches have produced novel models of rare genetic CNS disorders and common brain illnesses, such as addiction, aggression, anxiety and depression. Genetically modified zebrafish also foster neuroanatomical studies, manipulating neural circuits and linking them to different behaviors. Here, we discuss recent advances in neurogenetics of zebrafish, and evaluate their unique strengths, inherent limitations and the rapidly growing potential for elucidating the conserved roles of genes in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Cheresiz
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey D Volgin
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexandra Kokorina Evsyukova
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alim A O Bashirzade
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil.,The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA
| | - Tamara G Amstislavskaya
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.,The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.,Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Russian Scientific Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
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20
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Garfinkle EAR, Gruber TA. A tale of two genes: a new connection between NIPBL and NPM1 in acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2019; 104:1289-1291. [PMID: 31257203 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.218867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A R Garfinkle
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis TN.,Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN, USA
| | - Tanja A Gruber
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis TN
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21
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The Cornelia de Lange Syndrome-associated factor NIPBL interacts with BRD4 ET domain for transcription control of a common set of genes. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:548. [PMID: 31320616 PMCID: PMC6639259 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in NIPBL are the major cause of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS). NIPBL is the cohesin-loading factor and has recently been associated with the BET (bromodomains and extra-terminal (ET) domain) proteins BRD2 and BRD4. Related to this, a CdLS-like phenotype has been described associated to BRD4 mutations. Here, we show direct interaction of NIPBL with different BET members in yeast, and selective interaction with BRD4 in cells, being the ET domain involved in the interaction. To understand the relationship between NIPBL and BET proteins, we have performed RNA-Seq expression analysis following depletion of the different proteins. Results indicate that genes regulated by NIPBL largely overlap with those regulated by BRD4 but not with those regulated by BRD2. ChIP-Seq analysis indicates preferential NIPBL occupancy at promoters, and knockdown experiments show mutual stabilization of NIPBL and BRD4 on co-regulated promoters. Moreover, human fibroblasts from CdLS probands with mutations in NIPBL show reduced BRD4 at co-occupied promoters. Functional analysis in vivo, using mutants of Drosophila melanogaster, confirmed the genetic interaction between Nipped-B and fs(1)h, the orthologs of human NIPBL and BRD4, respectively. Thus, we provide evidence for NIPBL and BRD4 cooperation in transcriptional regulation, which should contribute to explain the recently observed CdLS-like phenotype associated with BRD4 mutations.
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22
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Mazzola M, Deflorian G, Pezzotta A, Ferrari L, Fazio G, Bresciani E, Saitta C, Ferrari L, Fumagalli M, Parma M, Marasca F, Bodega B, Riva P, Cotelli F, Biondi A, Marozzi A, Cazzaniga G, Pistocchi A. NIPBL: a new player in myeloid cell differentiation. Haematologica 2019; 104:1332-1341. [PMID: 30630974 PMCID: PMC6601076 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.200899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleophosmin 1 gene (NPM1) is the most frequently mutated gene in acute myeloid leukemia. Notably, NPM1 mutations are always accompanied by additional mutations such as those in cohesin genes RAD21, SMC1A, SMC3, and STAG2 but not in the cohesin regulator, nipped B-like (NIPBL). In this work, we analyzed a cohort of adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia and NPM1 mutation and observed a specific reduction in the expression of NIPBL but not in other cohesin genes. In our zebrafish model, overexpression of the mutated form of NPM1 also induced downregulation of nipblb, the zebrafish ortholog of human NIPBL To investigate the hematopoietic phenotype and the interaction between mutated NPM1 and nipblb, we generated a zebrafish model with nipblb downregulation which showed an increased number of myeloid progenitors. This phenotype was due to hyper-activation of the canonical Wnt pathway: myeloid cells blocked in an undifferentiated state could be rescued when the Wnt pathway was inhibited by dkk1b mRNA injection or indomethacin administration. Our results reveal, for the first time, a role for NIPBL during zebrafish hematopoiesis and suggest that an interplay between NIPBL/NPM1 may regulate myeloid differentiation in zebrafish and humans through the canonical Wnt pathway and that dysregulation of these interactions may drive leukemic transformation.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hematopoiesis
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mutation
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nucleophosmin
- Phenotype
- Wnt Signaling Pathway
- Zebrafish
- Cohesins
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Mazzola
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Segrate, Italy
| | | | - Alex Pezzotta
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Segrate, Italy
| | - Laura Ferrari
- Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, IFOM, Milano, Italy
| | - Grazia Fazio
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica Università di Milano-Bicocca, Centro Maria Letizia Verga, Monza, Italy
| | - Erica Bresciani
- Oncogenesis and Development Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Saitta
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica Università di Milano-Bicocca, Centro Maria Letizia Verga, Monza, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Segrate, Italy
| | - Monica Fumagalli
- Clinica Ematologica e Centro Trapianti di Midollo Osseo, Ospedale San Gerardo, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Matteo Parma
- Clinica Ematologica e Centro Trapianti di Midollo Osseo, Ospedale San Gerardo, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Federica Marasca
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" (INGM), Milano, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bodega
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" (INGM), Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Riva
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Segrate, Italy
| | - Franco Cotelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica Università di Milano-Bicocca, Centro Maria Letizia Verga, Monza, Italy
| | - Anna Marozzi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Segrate, Italy
| | - Gianni Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica Università di Milano-Bicocca, Centro Maria Letizia Verga, Monza, Italy
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Segrate, Italy
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23
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Yang R, Jia Q, Ma SF, Wang Y, Mehmood S, Chen Y. Exogenous H2S mitigates myocardial fibrosis in diabetic rats through suppression of the canonical Wnt pathway. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:549-558. [PMID: 31198980 PMCID: PMC6605697 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has antifibrotic activity in the kidneys, heart, lungs, and other organs. The present study investigated the protective activity of exogenous H2S against myocardial fibrosis in a rat model of diabetes. Animals were assigned to normal control, diabetes mellitus (DM), DM + sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS; DM + NaHS) and NaHS groups. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), cardiac function and hydroxyproline were monitored. Heart histomorphology and ultrastructure were additionally evaluated. Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein (WISP)-1 protein expression in the myocardium was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2, collagens, and canonical Wnt and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/SMAD family member 3 (Smad3) pathway-related proteins were assessed by western blotting. Cardiac function was decreased, and myocardial injury, hypertrophy and fibrosis were increased in the diabetes model rats. MMP-2 expression was decreased, and the expressions of WISP-1, TIMP-2, collagens, and canonical Wnt and TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway-related proteins were increased in the myocardia of the diabetes model rats. The present results indicated that the canonical Wnt pathway promoted diabetic myocardial fibrosis by upregulating the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. Except for FBG, exogenous H2S ameliorated the changes in diabetes-associated indices in rats in the DM + NaHS group. The results are consistent with H2S protection of streptozotocin-induced myocardial fibrosis in the diabetes model rats by downregulation of the canonical Wnt and TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway and decreased myocardial collagen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Jia
- Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Shan-Feng Ma
- Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Ya Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Shomaila Mehmood
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
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24
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Pezzotta A, Mazzola M, Spreafico M, Marozzi A, Pistocchi A. Enigmatic Ladies of the Rings: How Cohesin Dysfunction Affects Myeloid Neoplasms Insurgence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:21. [PMID: 30873408 PMCID: PMC6400976 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The genes of the cohesin complex exert different functions, ranging from the adhesion of sister chromatids during the cell cycle, DNA repair, gene expression and chromatin architecture remodeling. In recent years, the improvement of DNA sequencing technologies allows the identification of cohesin mutations in different tumors such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL), and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, the role of cohesin dysfunction in cancer insurgence remains elusive. In this regard, cells harboring cohesin mutations do not show any increase in aneuploidy that might explain their oncogenic activity, nor cohesin mutations are sufficient to induce myeloid neoplasms as they have to co-occur with other causative mutations such as NPM1, FLT3-ITD, and DNMT3A. Several works, also using animal models for cohesin haploinsufficiency, correlate cohesin activity with dysregulated expression of genes involved in myeloid development and differentiation. These evidences support the involvement of cohesin mutations in myeloid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pezzotta
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Mazzola
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Spreafico
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Marozzi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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25
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Bottai D, Spreafico M, Pistocchi A, Fazio G, Adami R, Grazioli P, Canu A, Bragato C, Rigamonti S, Parodi C, Cazzaniga G, Biondi A, Cotelli F, Selicorni A, Massa V. Modeling Cornelia de Lange syndrome in vitro and in vivo reveals a role for cohesin complex in neuronal survival and differentiation. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:64-73. [PMID: 30239720 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS), which is reported to affect ∼1 in 10 000 to 30 000 newborns, is a multisystem organ developmental disorder with relatively mild to severe effects. Among others, intellectual disability represents an important feature of this condition. CdLS can result from mutations in at least five genes: nipped-B-like protein, structural maintenance of chromosomes 1A, structural maintenance of chromosomes 3, RAD21 cohesin complex component and histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8). It is believed that mutations in these genes cause CdLS by impairing the function of the cohesin complex (to which all the aforementioned genes contribute to the structure or function), disrupting gene regulation during critical stages of early development. Since intellectual disorder might result from alterations in neural development, in this work, we studied the role of Hdac8 gene in mouse neural stem cells (NSCs) and in vertebrate (Danio rerio) brain development by knockdown and chemical inhibition experiments. Underlying features of Hdac8 deficiency is an increased cell death in the developing neural tissues, either in mouse NSCs or in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Bottai
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Spreafico
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Grazia Fazio
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM/Ospedale S. Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Raffaella Adami
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Grazioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Canu
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Bragato
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milano, Italy
- PhD program in Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Rigamonti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM/Ospedale S. Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Parodi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianni Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM/Ospedale S. Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Clinica Pediatrica, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM/Ospedale S. Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Franco Cotelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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26
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Ferrari L, Bragato C, Brioschi L, Spreafico M, Esposito S, Pezzotta A, Pizzetti F, Moreno‐Fortuny A, Bellipanni G, Giordano A, Riva P, Frabetti F, Viani P, Cossu G, Mora M, Marozzi A, Pistocchi A. HDAC8 regulates canonical Wnt pathway to promote differentiation in skeletal muscles. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:6067-6076. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale Università degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy
| | - Cinzia Bragato
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta Milano Italy
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, University of Milano‐Bicocca Milano Italy
| | - Loredana Brioschi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale Università degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy
| | - Marco Spreafico
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale Università degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy
| | - Simona Esposito
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale Università degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy
| | - Alex Pezzotta
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale Università degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy
| | - Fabrizio Pizzetti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Artal Moreno‐Fortuny
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Developmental Genetics, Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Gianfranco Bellipanni
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University Philadelphia
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University Philadelphia
- Department of Medicine Surgery & Neuroscience, University of Siena Siena Italy
| | - Paola Riva
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale Università degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy
| | - Flavia Frabetti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Paola Viani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale Università degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy
| | - Giulio Cossu
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Marina Mora
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta Milano Italy
| | - Anna Marozzi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale Università degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale Università degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy
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27
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Gao D, Zhu B, Cao X, Zhang M, Wang X. Roles of NIPBL in maintenance of genome stability. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 90:181-186. [PMID: 30096364 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A cohesin-loading factor (NIPBL) is one of important regulatory factors in the maintenance of 3D genome organization and function, by interacting with a large number of factors, e.g. cohesion, CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) or cohesin complex component. The present article overviews the critical and regulatory roles of NIBPL in cohesion loading on chromotin and in gene expression and transcriptional signaling. We explore molecular mechanisms by which NIPBL recruits endogenous histone deacetylase (HDAC) to induce histone deacetylation and influence multi-dimensions of genome, through which NIPBL "hop" movement in chromatin regulates gene expression and alters genome folding. NIPBL regulates the process of CTCF and cohesion into chromatin loops and topologically associated domains, binding of cohesion and H3K4mes3 through interaction among promoters and enhancers. HP1 recruits NIPBL to DNA damage site through RNF8/RNF168 ubiquitylation pathway. NIPBL contributes to regulation of genome-controlled gene expression through the influence of cohesin in chromosome structure. NIPBL interacts with cohesin and then increases transcriptional activities of REC8 promoter, leading to up-regulation of gene expression. NIPBL movement among chromosomal loops regulates gene expression through dynamic alterations of genome organization. Thus, we expect a new and deep insight to understand dynamics of chromosome and explore potential strategies of therapiesc on basis of NIPBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyan Gao
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University Medical School, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics Shanghai, China
| | - Bijun Zhu
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University Medical School, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University Medical School, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University Medical School, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University Medical School, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics Shanghai, China.
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28
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Bettini LR, Graziola F, Fazio G, Grazioli P, Scagliotti V, Pasquini M, Cazzaniga G, Biondi A, Larizza L, Selicorni A, Gaston-Massuet C, Massa V. Rings and Bricks: Expression of Cohesin Components is Dynamic during Development and Adult Life. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E438. [PMID: 29389897 PMCID: PMC5855660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cohesin complex components exert fundamental roles in animal cells, both canonical in cell cycle and non-canonical in gene expression regulation. Germline mutations in genes coding for cohesins result in developmental disorders named cohesinopaties, of which Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is the best-known entity. However, a basic description of mammalian expression pattern of cohesins in a physiologic condition is still needed. Hence, we report a detailed analysis of expression in murine and human tissues of cohesin genes defective in CdLS. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods in fetal and adult tissues, cohesin genes were found to be ubiquitously and differentially expressed in human tissues. In particular, abundant expression was observed in hematopoietic and central nervous system organs. Findings of the present study indicate tissues which should be particularly sensitive to mutations, germline and/or somatic, in cohesin genes. Hence, this expression analysis in physiological conditions may represent a first core reference for cohesinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rachele Bettini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy.
- Clinica Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Milano-Bicocca Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Federica Graziola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy.
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Grazia Fazio
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Paolo Grazioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Valeria Scagliotti
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Mariavittoria Pasquini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Clinica Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Milano-Bicocca Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, 20900 Monza, Italy.
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20154 Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Carles Gaston-Massuet
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Valentina Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy.
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29
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NIPBL +/- haploinsufficiency reveals a constellation of transcriptome disruptions in the pluripotent and cardiac states. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1056. [PMID: 29348408 PMCID: PMC5773608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a complex disorder with multiple structural and developmental defects caused by mutations in structural and regulatory proteins involved in the cohesin complex. NIPBL, a cohesin regulatory protein, has been identified as a critical protein responsible for the orchestration of transcriptomic regulatory networks necessary for embryonic development. Mutations in NIPBL are responsible for the majority of cases of CdLS. Through RNA-sequencing of human induced pluripotent stem cells and in vitro-derived cardiomyocytes, we identified hundreds of mRNAs, pseudogenes, and non-coding RNAs with altered expression in NIPBL+/− patient-derived cells. We demonstrate that NIPBL haploinsufficiency leads to upregulation of gene sets identified in functions related to nucleosome, chromatin assembly, RNA modification and downregulation of Wnt signaling, cholesterol biosynthesis and vesicular transport in iPSC and cardiomyocytes. Mutations in NIPBL result in the dysregulation of many genes responsible for normal heart development likely resulting in the variety of structural cardiac defects observed in the CdLS population.
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30
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Avagliano L, Grazioli P, Mariani M, Bulfamante GP, Selicorni A, Massa V. Integrating molecular and structural findings: Wnt as a possible actor in shaping cognitive impairment in Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:174. [PMID: 29162129 PMCID: PMC5696803 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a choesinopathy: a severe genetic disorder caused by mutations in the cohesin complex genes. The phenotype is characterized by typical facial dysmorphism, growth impairment and multiorgan abnormalities including brain alterations. Wnt pathway is known to play a fundamental role in central nervous system development and it has been shown that Wnt pathway is disrupted in CdLS animal models and patients cells. In this review we investigate the possible link between Wnt pathway disruption and brain abnormalities in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome as such molecular impairment could lead to an abnormal embryonic development resulting in brain abnormalities (i.e. microcephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia, abnormal cortical development) in patients with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Avagliano
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital Medical School University of Milan, Via A. di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Grazioli
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital Medical School University of Milan, Via A. di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gaetano P Bulfamante
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital Medical School University of Milan, Via A. di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Massa
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital Medical School University of Milan, Via A. di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
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Banerji R, Skibbens RV, Iovine MK. How many roads lead to cohesinopathies? Dev Dyn 2017; 246:881-888. [PMID: 28422453 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic mapping studies reveal that mutations in cohesion pathways are responsible for multispectrum developmental abnormalities termed cohesinopathies. These include Roberts syndrome (RBS), Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS), and Warsaw Breakage Syndrome (WABS). The cohesinopathies are characterized by overlapping phenotypes ranging from craniofacial deformities, limb defects, and mental retardation. Though these syndromes share a similar suite of phenotypes and arise due to mutations in a common cohesion pathway, the underlying mechanisms are currently believed to be distinct. Defects in mitotic failure and apoptosis i.e. trans DNA tethering events are believed to be the underlying cause of RBS, whereas the underlying cause of CdLS is largely modeled as occurring through defects in transcriptional processes i.e. cis DNA tethering events. Here, we review recent findings described primarily in zebrafish, paired with additional studies in other model systems, including human patient cells, which challenge the notion that cohesinopathies represent separate syndromes. We highlight numerous studies that illustrate the utility of zebrafish to provide novel insights into the phenotypes, genes affected and the possible mechanisms underlying cohesinopathies. We propose that transcriptional deregulation is the predominant mechanism through which cohesinopathies arise. Developmental Dynamics 246:881-888, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Banerji
- Department of Biological Science, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert V Skibbens
- Department of Biological Science, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - M Kathryn Iovine
- Department of Biological Science, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
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Fazio G, Bettini LR, Rigamonti S, Meta D, Biondi A, Cazzaniga G, Selicorni A, Massa V. Impairment of Retinoic Acid Signaling in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Fibroblasts. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:1268-1276. [PMID: 28752682 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare genetic disorder affecting the neurodevelopment, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal systems. CdLS is caused by mutations within NIPBL, SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21, and HDAC8 genes. These genes codify for the "cohesin complex" playing a role in chromatid adhesion, DNA repair and gene expression regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway, a master developmental regulator, in CdLS cells. METHODS Skin biopsies from CdLS patients and healthy controls were cultured and derived primary fibroblast cells were treated with RA or dimethyl sulfoxide (vehicle). After RA treatment, cells were harvested and RNA was isolated for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction experiments. RESULTS We analyzed several components of RA metabolism in a human cell line of kidney fibroblasts (293T), in addition to fibroblasts collected from both NIPBL-mutated patients and healthy donors, with or without RA treatment. In all cases, ADH and RALDH1 gene expression was not affected by RA treatment, while CRABP1 was induced. CRABP2 was dramatically upregulated upon RA treatment in healthy donors but not in CdLS patients cells. CONCLUSION We investigated if CdLS alterations are associated to perturbation of RA signaling. Cells derived from CdLS patients do not respond to RA signaling as efficiently as healthy controls. RA pathway alterations suggest a possible underlying mechanism for several cellular and developmental abnormalities associated with cohesin function. Birth Defects Research 109:1268-1276, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Fazio
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Rachele Bettini
- Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Rigamonti
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - Dorela Meta
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Cusano Milanino, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
- Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Angelo Selicorni
- Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Presidio S. Fermo, ASST Lariana, Como, Italy
| | - Valentina Massa
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
The cohesin protein complex regulates multiple cellular events including sister chromatid cohesion and gene expression. Several distinct human diseases called cohesinopathies have been associated with genetic mutations in cohesin subunit genes or genes encoding regulators of cohesin function. Studies in different model systems, from yeast to mouse have provided insights into the molecular mechanisms of action of cohesin/cohesin regulators and their implications in the pathogenesis of cohesinopathies. The zebrafish has unique advantages for embryonic analyses and quantitative gene knockdown with morpholinos during the first few days of development, in contrast to knockouts of cohesin regulators in flies or mammals, which are either lethal as homozygotes or dramatically compensated for in heterozygotes. This has been particularly informative for Rad21, where a role in gene expression was first shown in zebrafish, and Nipbl, where the fish work revealed tissue-specific functions in heart, gut, and limbs, and long-range enhancer-promoter interactions that control Hox gene expression in vivo. Here we discuss the utility of the zebrafish in studying the developmental and pathogenic roles of cohesin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Muto
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Thomas F Schilling
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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Santoro C, Apicella A, Casale F, La Manna A, Di Martino M, Di Pinto D, Indolfi C, Perrotta S. Unusual association of non-anaplastic Wilms tumor and Cornelia de Lange syndrome: case report. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:365. [PMID: 27291393 PMCID: PMC4904356 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cornelia de Lange syndrome is the prototype for cohesinopathy disorders, which are characterized by defects in chromosome segregation. Kidney malformations, including nephrogenic rests, are common in Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Only one post-mortem case report has described an association between Wilms tumor and Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Here, we describe the first case of a living child with both diseases. Case presentation Non-anaplastic triphasic nephroblastoma was diagnosed in a patient carrying a not yet reported mutation in NIPBL (c.4920 G > A). The patient had the typical facial appearance and intellectual disability associated with Cornelia de Lange syndrome in absence of limb involvement. The child’s kidneys were examined by ultrasound at 2 years of age to exclude kidney abnormalities associated with the syndrome. She underwent pre-operative chemotherapy and nephrectomy. Seven months later she was healthy and without residual detectable disease. Conclusion The previous report of such co-occurrence, together with our report and previous reports of nephrogenic rests, led us to wonder if there may be any causal relationship between these two rare entities. The wingless/integrated (Wnt) pathway, which is implicated in kidney development, is constitutively activated in approximately 15–20 % of all non-anaplastic Wilms tumors. Interestingly, the Wnt pathway was recently found to be perturbed in a zebrafish model of Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Mutations in cohesin complex genes and regulators have also been identified in several types of cancers. On the other hand, there is no clear evidence of an increased risk of cancer in Cornelia de Lange syndrome, and no other similar cases have been published since the fist one reported by Cohen, and this prompts to think Wilms tumor and Cornelia de Lange syndrome occurred together in our patient by chance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Santoro
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Andrea Apicella
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Fiorina Casale
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Angela La Manna
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Martina Di Martino
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Pinto
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Cristiana Indolfi
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Silverio Perrotta
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, Naples, 80138, Italy.
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Avagliano L, Massa V, Zullino S, Doi P, Marconi AM, Ferrazzi E, Bulfamante GP. Inflammation modulates LC3 expression in human preterm delivery. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:698-704. [PMID: 27125211 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1183630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autophagy is an inducible intracellular process acting under stressor conditions, such as infections, inflammation and hypoxia. The aim of the present study was to analyze autophagy expression in preterm delivered human placenta. METHODS Autophagy marker LC3 was analyzed in 25 consecutive human placentas delivered before 34 weeks of gestation, analyzed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time PCR, according to the histologic classification of preterm delivery (PTD) (cases with or without placental inflammatory lesions). RESULTS LC3 expression was observed both in cases with and without inflammatory lesions. In cases with histological inflammation, strong immunoreactivity for LC3 autophagic marker was observed in the inflammatory cell infiltration composed by neutrophils. In all PTD cases, trophoblastic cells in chorion laeve express LC3, with variable staining intensity: a significant reduction of LC3 expression was observed in chorion laeve of PTD with histological inflammation compared to PTD without inflammatory lesions. Moreover, the decrement of LC3 staining was observed to be associated to the increasing severity of the histological signs of fetal inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that the expression of LC3 varies depending on different histological features, indicating an interesting and possibly clinically relevant relation between autophagy expression levels and the inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Avagliano
- a Department of Health Sciences , San Paolo Hospital Medical School, University of Milan , Milan , Italy and
| | - Valentina Massa
- a Department of Health Sciences , San Paolo Hospital Medical School, University of Milan , Milan , Italy and
| | - Sara Zullino
- b Department of Woman , Mother and Neonate, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences School of Medicine, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Patrizia Doi
- a Department of Health Sciences , San Paolo Hospital Medical School, University of Milan , Milan , Italy and
| | - Anna Maria Marconi
- a Department of Health Sciences , San Paolo Hospital Medical School, University of Milan , Milan , Italy and
| | - Enrico Ferrazzi
- b Department of Woman , Mother and Neonate, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences School of Medicine, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Gaetano Pietro Bulfamante
- a Department of Health Sciences , San Paolo Hospital Medical School, University of Milan , Milan , Italy and
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Ernst C. Proliferation and Differentiation Deficits are a Major Convergence Point for Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:290-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Fazio G, Gaston-Massuet C, Bettini LR, Graziola F, Scagliotti V, Cereda A, Ferrari L, Mazzola M, Cazzaniga G, Giordano A, Cotelli F, Bellipanni G, Biondi A, Selicorni A, Pistocchi A, Massa V. CyclinD1 Down-Regulation and Increased Apoptosis Are Common Features of Cohesinopathies. J Cell Physiol 2016. [PMID: 26206533 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variants within components of the cohesin complex (NIPBL, SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21, PDS5, ESCO2, HDAC8) are believed to be responsible for a spectrum of human syndromes known as "cohesinopathies" that includes Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS). CdLS is a multiple malformation syndrome affecting almost any organ and causing severe developmental delay. Cohesinopathies seem to be caused by dysregulation of specific developmental pathways downstream of mutations in cohesin components. However, it is still unclear how mutations in different components of the cohesin complex affect the output of gene regulation. In this study, zebrafish embryos and SMC1A-mutated patient-derived fibroblasts were used to analyze abnormalities induced by SMC1A loss of function. We show that the knockdown of smc1a in zebrafish impairs neural development, increases apoptosis, and specifically down-regulates Ccnd1 levels. The same down-regulation of cohesin targets is observed in SMC1A-mutated patient fibroblasts. Previously, we have demonstrated that haploinsufficiency of NIPBL produces similar effects in zebrafish and in patients fibroblasts indicating a possible common feature for neurological defects and mental retardation in cohesinopathies. Interestingly, expression analysis of Smc1a and Nipbl in developing mouse embryos reveals a specific pattern in the hindbrain, suggesting a role for cohesins in neural development in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Fazio
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Carles Gaston-Massuet
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Laura Rachele Bettini
- Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Federica Graziola
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Scagliotti
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Anna Cereda
- Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Mara Mazzola
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianni Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Franco Cotelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Bellipanni
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy.,Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Angelo Selicorni
- Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Tao H, Yang JJ, Shi KH, Li J. Wnt signaling pathway in cardiac fibrosis: New insights and directions. Metabolism 2016; 65:30-40. [PMID: 26773927 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wnt signaling pathway significantly participates in cardiac fibrosis and CFs activation. Therefore, we reviewed current evidence on the new perspectives and biological association between Wnt signaling pathway and cardiac fibrosis. DESIGN AND METHODS A PubMed database search was performed for studies of Wnt signaling pathway in cardiac fibrosis and CFs activation. RESULTS Numerous studies have shown that the Wnt signaling pathway significantly participates in cardiac fibrosis pathogenesis. The aim of this review is to describe the present knowledge about the Wnt signaling pathway significantly participating in cardiac fibrosis and CFs activation, and look ahead on new perspectives of Wnt signaling pathway research. Moreover, we will discuss the different insights that interact with the Wnt signaling pathway-regulated cardiac fibrosis. The Wnt proteins are glycoproteins that bind to the Fz receptors on the cell surface, which lead to several important biological functions, such as cell differentiation and proliferation. There are several signals among the characterized pathways of cardiac fibrosis, including Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In this review, new insight into the Wnt signaling pathway in cardiac fibrosis pathogenesis is discussed, with special emphasis on Wnt/β-catenin. CONCLUSION It seems reasonable to suggest the potential targets of Wnt signaling pathway and it can be developed as a therapeutic target for cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China 230601; Cardiovascular Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China 230601
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China 230601.
| | - Kai-Hu Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China 230601; Cardiovascular Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China 230601.
| | - Jun Li
- School of pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China 230032
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A zebrafish model of Poikiloderma with Neutropenia recapitulates the human syndrome hallmarks and traces back neutropenia to the myeloid progenitor. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15814. [PMID: 26522474 PMCID: PMC4629135 DOI: 10.1038/srep15814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Poikiloderma with Neutropenia (PN) is an autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterized by early-onset poikiloderma, pachyonychia, hyperkeratosis, bone anomalies and neutropenia, predisposing to myelodysplasia. The causative C16orf57/USB1 gene encodes a conserved phosphodiesterase that regulates the stability of spliceosomal U6-RNA. The involvement of USB1 in splicing has not yet allowed to unveil the pathogenesis of PN and how the gene defects impact on skin and bone tissues besides than on the haematological compartment. We established a zebrafish model of PN using a morpholino-knockdown approach with two different splicing morpholinos. Both usb1-depleted embryos displayed developmental abnormalities recapitulating the signs of the human syndrome. Besides the pigmentation and osteochondral defects, usb1-knockdown caused defects in circulation, manifested by a reduced number of circulating cells. The overall morphant phenotype was also obtained by co-injecting sub-phenotypic dosages of the two morpholinos and could be rescued by human USB1 RNA. Integrated in situ and real-time expression analyses of stage-specific markers highlighted defects of primitive haematopoiesis and traced back the dramatic reduction in neutrophil myeloperoxidase to the myeloid progenitors showing down-regulated pu.1 expression. Our vertebrate model of PN demonstrates the intrinsic requirement of usb1 in haematopoiesis and highlights PN as a disorder of myeloid progenitors associated with bone marrow dysfunction.
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Zakari M, Yuen K, Gerton JL. Etiology and pathogenesis of the cohesinopathies. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 4:489-504. [PMID: 25847322 PMCID: PMC6680315 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cohesin is a chromosome-associated protein complex that plays many important roles in chromosome function. Genetic screens in yeast originally identified cohesin as a key regulator of chromosome segregation. Subsequently, work by various groups has identified cohesin as critical for additional processes such as DNA damage repair, insulator function, gene regulation, and chromosome condensation. Mutations in the genes encoding cohesin and its accessory factors result in a group of developmental and intellectual impairment diseases termed 'cohesinopathies.' How mutations in cohesin genes cause disease is not well understood as precocious chromosome segregation is not a common feature in cells derived from patients with these syndromes. In this review, the latest findings concerning cohesin's function in the organization of chromosome structure and gene regulation are discussed. We propose that the cohesinopathies are caused by changes in gene expression that can negatively impact translation. The similarities and differences between cohesinopathies and ribosomopathies, diseases caused by defects in ribosome biogenesis, are discussed. The contribution of cohesin and its accessory proteins to gene expression programs that support translation suggests that cohesin provides a means of coupling chromosome structure with the translational output of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musinu Zakari
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Kobe Yuen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer L Gerton
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Yu L, Sawle AD, Wynn J, Aspelund G, Stolar CJ, Arkovitz MS, Potoka D, Azarow KS, Mychaliska GB, Shen Y, Chung WK. Increased burden of de novo predicted deleterious variants in complex congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:4764-73. [PMID: 26034137 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a serious birth defect that accounts for 8% of all major birth anomalies. Approximately 40% of cases occur in association with other anomalies. As sporadic complex CDH likely has a significant impact on reproductive fitness, we hypothesized that de novo variants would account for the etiology in a significant fraction of cases. We performed exome sequencing in 39 CDH trios and compared the frequency of de novo variants with 787 unaffected controls from the Simons Simplex Collection. We found no significant difference in overall frequency of de novo variants between cases and controls. However, among genes that are highly expressed during diaphragm development, there was a significant burden of likely gene disrupting (LGD) and predicted deleterious missense variants in cases (fold enrichment = 3.2, P-value = 0.003), and these genes are more likely to be haploinsufficient (P-value = 0.01) than the ones with benign missense or synonymous de novo variants in cases. After accounting for the frequency of de novo variants in the control population, we estimate that 15% of sporadic complex CDH patients are attributable to de novo LGD or deleterious missense variants. We identified several genes with predicted deleterious de novo variants that fall into common categories of genes related to transcription factors and cell migration that we believe are related to the pathogenesis of CDH. These data provide supportive evidence for novel genes in the pathogenesis of CDH associated with other anomalies and suggest that de novo variants play a significant role in complex CDH cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yu
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics
| | | | - Julia Wynn
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics
| | | | - Charles J Stolar
- California Pediatric Surgery Group, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, USA
| | - Marc S Arkovitz
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Tel Hashomer Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Douglas Potoka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Kenneth S Azarow
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA and
| | - George B Mychaliska
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Departments of System Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics,
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Estarás C, Benner C, Jones KA. SMADs and YAP compete to control elongation of β-catenin:LEF-1-recruited RNAPII during hESC differentiation. Mol Cell 2015; 58:780-93. [PMID: 25936800 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt3a/β-catenin and Activin/SMAD2,3 signaling pathways synergize to induce endodermal differentiation of human embryonic stem cells; however, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Using ChIP-seq and GRO-seq analyses, we show here that Wnt3a-induced β-catenin:LEF-1 enhancers recruit cohesin to direct enhancer-promoter looping and activate mesendodermal (ME) lineage genes. Moreover, we find that LEF-1 and other hESC enhancers recruit RNAPII complexes (eRNAPII) that are highly phosphorylated at Ser5, but not Ser7. Wnt3a signaling further increases Ser5P-RNAPII at LEF-1 sites and ME gene promoters, indicating that elongation remains limiting. However, subsequent Activin/SMAD2,3 signaling selectively increases transcription elongation, P-TEFb occupancy, and Ser7P-RNAPII levels at these genes. Finally, we show that the Hippo regulator, YAP, functions with TEAD to regulate binding of the NELF negative elongation factor and block SMAD2,3 induction of ME genes. Thus, the Wnt3a/β-catenin and Activin/SMAD2,3 pathways act in concert to counteract YAP repression and upregulate ME genes during early hESC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conchi Estarás
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chris Benner
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Katherine A Jones
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Xu B, Sowa N, Cardenas ME, Gerton JL. L-leucine partially rescues translational and developmental defects associated with zebrafish models of Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:1540-55. [PMID: 25378554 PMCID: PMC4351377 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohesinopathies are human genetic disorders that include Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) and Roberts syndrome (RBS) and are characterized by defects in limb and craniofacial development as well as mental retardation. The developmental phenotypes of CdLS and other cohesinopathies suggest that mutations in the structure and regulation of the cohesin complex during embryogenesis interfere with gene regulation. In a previous project, we showed that RBS was associated with highly fragmented nucleoli and defects in both ribosome biogenesis and protein translation. l-leucine stimulation of the mTOR pathway partially rescued translation in human RBS cells and development in zebrafish models of RBS. In this study, we investigate protein translation in zebrafish models of CdLS. Our results show that phosphorylation of RPS6 as well as 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) was reduced in nipbla/b, rad21 and smc3-morphant embryos, a pattern indicating reduced translation. Moreover, protein biosynthesis and rRNA production were decreased in the cohesin morphant embryo cells. l-leucine partly rescued protein synthesis and rRNA production in the cohesin morphants and partially restored phosphorylation of RPS6 and 4EBP1. Concomitantly, l-leucine treatment partially improved cohesinopathy embryo development including the formation of craniofacial cartilage. Interestingly, we observed that alpha-ketoisocaproate (α-KIC), which is a keto derivative of leucine, also partially rescued the development of rad21 and nipbla/b morphants by boosting mTOR-dependent translation. In summary, our results suggest that cohesinopathies are caused in part by defective protein synthesis, and stimulation of the mTOR pathway through l-leucine or its metabolite α-KIC can partially rescue development in zebrafish models for CdLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Xu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Nenja Sowa
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA, Medical Faculty, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria E Cardenas
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jennifer L Gerton
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA,
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HDAC8 and STAT3 repress BMF gene activity in colon cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1476. [PMID: 25321483 PMCID: PMC4237248 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are undergoing clinical trials as anticancer agents, but some exhibit resistance mechanisms linked to anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 functions, such as BH3-only protein silencing. HDAC inhibitors that reactivate BH3-only family members might offer an improved therapeutic approach. We show here that a novel seleno-α-keto acid triggers global histone acetylation in human colon cancer cells and activates apoptosis in a p21-independent manner. Profiling of multiple survival factors identified a critical role for the BH3-only member Bcl-2-modifying factor (Bmf). On the corresponding BMF gene promoter, loss of HDAC8 was associated with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/specificity protein 3 (Sp3) transcription factor exchange and recruitment of p300. Treatment with a p300 inhibitor or transient overexpression of exogenous HDAC8 interfered with BMF induction, whereas RNAi-mediated silencing of STAT3 activated the target gene. This is the first report to identify a direct target gene of HDAC8 repression, namely, BMF. Interestingly, the repressive role of HDAC8 could be uncoupled from HDAC1 to trigger Bmf-mediated apoptosis. These findings have implications for the development of HDAC8-selective inhibitors as therapeutic agents, beyond the reported involvement of HDAC8 in childhood malignancy.
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