1
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Ober VT, Githure GB, Volpato Santos Y, Becker S, Moya Munoz G, Basquin J, Schwede F, Lorentzen E, Boshart M. Purine nucleosides replace cAMP in allosteric regulation of PKA in trypanosomatid pathogens. eLife 2024; 12:RP91040. [PMID: 38517938 PMCID: PMC10959531 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide binding domains (CNB) confer allosteric regulation by cAMP or cGMP to many signaling proteins, including PKA and PKG. PKA of phylogenetically distant Trypanosoma is the first exception as it is cyclic nucleotide-independent and responsive to nucleoside analogues (Bachmaier et al., 2019). Here, we show that natural nucleosides inosine, guanosine and adenosine are nanomolar affinity CNB ligands and activators of PKA orthologs of the important tropical pathogens Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania. The sequence and structural determinants of binding affinity, -specificity and kinase activation of PKAR were established by structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis, co-crystal structures and mutagenesis. Substitution of two to three amino acids in the binding sites is sufficient for conversion of CNB domains from nucleoside to cyclic nucleotide specificity. In addition, a trypanosomatid-specific C-terminal helix (αD) is required for high affinity binding to CNB-B. The αD helix functions as a lid of the binding site that shields ligands from solvent. Selectivity of guanosine for CNB-B and of adenosine for CNB-A results in synergistic kinase activation at low nanomolar concentration. PKA pulldown from rapid lysis establishes guanosine as the predominant ligand in vivo in T. brucei bloodstream forms, whereas guanosine and adenosine seem to synergize in the procyclic developmental stage in the insect vector. We discuss the versatile use of CNB domains in evolution and recruitment of PKA for novel nucleoside-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Teresa Ober
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU)MartinsriedGermany
| | | | - Yuri Volpato Santos
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU)MartinsriedGermany
| | - Sidney Becker
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
- TU Dortmund, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Gabriel Moya Munoz
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU)MartinsriedGermany
| | | | - Frank Schwede
- BIOLOG Life Science Institute GmbH & Co KGBremenGermany
| | - Esben Lorentzen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Michael Boshart
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU)MartinsriedGermany
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2
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Liu J, Chen J, Wang J, Hua H, Jiang Y. cAMP-PKA/EPAC signaling and cancer: the interplay in tumor microenvironment. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:5. [PMID: 38233872 PMCID: PMC10792844 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease resulting from abnormal cell growth that is induced by a number of genetic and environmental factors. The tumor microenvironment (TME), which involves extracellular matrix, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), tumor-infiltrating immune cells and angiogenesis, plays a critical role in tumor progression. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger that has pleiotropic effects on the TME. The downstream effectors of cAMP include cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC) and ion channels. While cAMP can activate PKA or EPAC and promote cancer cell growth, it can also inhibit cell proliferation and survival in context- and cancer type-dependent manner. Tumor-associated stromal cells, such as CAF and immune cells, can release cytokines and growth factors that either stimulate or inhibit cAMP production within the TME. Recent studies have shown that targeting cAMP signaling in the TME has therapeutic benefits in cancer. Small-molecule agents that inhibit adenylate cyclase and PKA have been shown to inhibit tumor growth. In addition, cAMP-elevating agents, such as forskolin, can not only induce cancer cell death, but also directly inhibit cell proliferation in some cancer types. In this review, we summarize current understanding of cAMP signaling in cancer biology and immunology and discuss the basis for its context-dependent dual role in oncogenesis. Understanding the precise mechanisms by which cAMP and the TME interact in cancer will be critical for the development of effective therapies. Future studies aimed at investigating the cAMP-cancer axis and its regulation in the TME may provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis and lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhang
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongliang Liu
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jieya Liu
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinzhu Chen
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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3
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A forward genetic screen identifies modifiers of rocaglate responsiveness. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18516. [PMID: 34531456 PMCID: PMC8445955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97765-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rocaglates are a class of eukaryotic translation initiation inhibitors that are being explored as chemotherapeutic agents. They function by targeting eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4A, an RNA helicase critical for recruitment of the 40S ribosome (and associated factors) to mRNA templates. Rocaglates perturb eIF4A activity by imparting a gain-of-function activity to eIF4A and mediating clamping to RNA. To appreciate how rocaglates could best be enabled in the clinic, an understanding of resistance mechanisms is important, as this could inform on strategies to bypass such events as well as identify responsive tumor types. Here, we report on the results of a positive selection, ORFeome screen aimed at identifying cDNAs capable of conferring resistance to rocaglates. Two of the most potent modifiers of rocaglate response identified were the transcription factors FOXP3 and NR1I3, both of which have been implicated in ABCB1 regulation-the gene encoding P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Pgp has previously been implicated in conferring resistance to silvestrol, a naturally occurring rocaglate, and we show here that this extends to additional synthetic rocaglate derivatives. In addition, FOXP3 and NR1I3 impart a multi-drug resistant phenotype that is reversed upon inhibition of Pgp, suggesting a potential therapeutic combination strategy.
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4
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Meta-analysis of gene signatures and key pathways indicates suppression of JNK pathway as a regulator of chemo-resistance in AML. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12485. [PMID: 34127725 PMCID: PMC8203646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathways and robust deregulated gene signatures involved in AML chemo-resistance are not fully understood. Multiple subgroups of AMLs which are under treatment of various regimens seem to have similar regulatory gene(s) or pathway(s) related to their chemo-resistance phenotype. In this study using gene set enrichment approach, deregulated genes and pathways associated with relapse after chemotherapy were investigated in AML samples. Five AML libraries compiled from GEO and ArrayExpress repositories were used to identify significantly differentially expressed genes between chemo-resistance and chemo-sensitive groups. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes was performed to assess molecular mechanisms related to AML chemotherapeutic resistance. A total of 34 genes selected to be differentially expressed in the chemo-resistance compared to the chemo-sensitive group. Among the genes selected, c-Jun, AKT3, ARAP3, GABBR1, PELI2 and SORT1 are involved in neurotrophin, estrogen, cAMP and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. All these pathways are located upstream and regulate JNK signaling pathway which functions as a key regulator of cellular apoptosis. Our expression data are in favor of suppression of JNK pathway, which could induce pro-apoptotic gene expression as well as down regulation of survival factors, introducing this pathway as a key regulator of drug-resistance development in AML.
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5
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Milan T, Celton M, Lagacé K, Roques É, Safa-Tahar-Henni S, Bresson E, Bergeron A, Hebert J, Meshinchi S, Cellot S, Barabé F, Wilhelm BT. Epigenetic changes in human model KMT2A leukemias highlight early events during leukemogenesis. Haematologica 2020; 107:86-99. [PMID: 33375773 PMCID: PMC8719083 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.271619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations involving the KMT2A gene are among the most common genetic alterations found in pediatric acute myeloid leukemias although the molecular mechanisms that initiate the disease remain incompletely defined. To elucidate these initiating events we used a human model system of acute myeloid leukemia driven by the KMT2A-MLLT3 (KM3) fusion. More specifically, we investigated changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin accessibility at each stage of our model system and correlated these with expression changes. We observed the development of a pronounced hypomethyl - ation phenotype in the early stages of leukemic transformation after KM3 addition along with loss of expression of stem-cell-associated genes and skewed expression of other genes, such as S100A8/9, implicated in leukemogenesis. In addition, early increases in the expression of the lysine demethylase KDM4B was functionally linked to these expression changes as well as other key transcription factors. Remarkably, our ATAC-sequencing data showed that there were relatively few leukemia-specific changes and that the vast majority corresponded to open chromatin regions and transcription factor clusters previously observed in other cell types. Integration of the gene expression and epigenetic changes revealed that the adenylate cyclase gene ADCY9 is an essential gene in KM3-acute myeloid leukemia, and suggested the potential for autocrine signaling through the chemokine receptor CCR1 and CCL23 ligand. Collectively, our results suggest that KM3 induces subtle changes in the epigenome while co-opting the normal transcriptional machinery to drive leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Milan
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC
| | - Magalie Celton
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC
| | - Karine Lagacé
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC
| | - Élodie Roques
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC
| | - Safia Safa-Tahar-Henni
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC
| | - Eva Bresson
- Centre de recherche en infectiologie du CHUL, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; CHU de Québec - Université Laval - Hôpital Enfant-Jésus; Québec City, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC
| | - Anne Bergeron
- Centre de recherche en infectiologie du CHUL, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; CHU de Québec - Université Laval - Hôpital Enfant-Jésus; Québec City, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC
| | - Josée Hebert
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Leukemia Cell Bank of Quebec, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC
| | - Soheil Meshinchi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sonia Cellot
- Department of pediatrics, division of Hematology, Ste-Justine Hospital, Montréal, QC
| | - Frédéric Barabé
- Centre de recherche en infectiologie du CHUL, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; CHU de Québec - Université Laval - Hôpital Enfant-Jésus; Québec City, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC
| | - Brian T Wilhelm
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC.
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6
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Aroua N, Boet E, Ghisi M, Nicolau-Travers ML, Saland E, Gwilliam R, de Toni F, Hosseini M, Mouchel PL, Farge T, Bosc C, Stuani L, Sabatier M, Mazed F, Larrue C, Jarrou L, Gandarillas S, Bardotti M, Picard M, Syrykh C, Laurent C, Gotanègre M, Bonnefoy N, Bellvert F, Portais JC, Nicot N, Azuaje F, Kaoma T, Joffre C, Tamburini J, Récher C, Vergez F, Sarry JE. Extracellular ATP and CD39 Activate cAMP-Mediated Mitochondrial Stress Response to Promote Cytarabine Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1544-1565. [PMID: 32641297 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Relapses driven by chemoresistant leukemic cell populations are the main cause of mortality for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we show that the ectonucleotidase CD39 (ENTPD1) is upregulated in cytarabine-resistant leukemic cells from both AML cell lines and patient samples in vivo and in vitro. CD39 cell-surface expression and activity is increased in patients with AML upon chemotherapy compared with diagnosis, and enrichment in CD39-expressing blasts is a marker of adverse prognosis in the clinics. High CD39 activity promotes cytarabine resistance by enhancing mitochondrial activity and biogenesis through activation of a cAMP-mediated adaptive mitochondrial stress response. Finally, genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of CD39 ecto-ATPase activity blocks the mitochondrial reprogramming triggered by cytarabine treatment and markedly enhances its cytotoxicity in AML cells in vitro and in vivo. Together, these results reveal CD39 as a new residual disease marker and a promising therapeutic target to improve chemotherapy response in AML. SIGNIFICANCE: Extracellular ATP and CD39-P2RY13-cAMP-OxPHOS axis are key regulators of cytarabine resistance, offering a new promising therapeutic strategy in AML.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1426.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Aroua
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Emeline Boet
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Margherita Ghisi
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Laure Nicolau-Travers
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Service d'Hématologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Estelle Saland
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Ryan Gwilliam
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabienne de Toni
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Mohsen Hosseini
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Luc Mouchel
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Service d'Hématologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Farge
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Claudie Bosc
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucille Stuani
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Sabatier
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Fetta Mazed
- Institut Cochin, Département Développement, Reproduction, Cancer, UMR8104-CNRS, U1016-INSERM, Paris.,Translational Research Centre in Onco-Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Clément Larrue
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Latifa Jarrou
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah Gandarillas
- Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et Ressources Expérimentales, Service d'Expérimentation Animale, UMS006, Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - Massimiliano Bardotti
- Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et Ressources Expérimentales, Service d'Expérimentation Animale, UMS006, Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Picard
- University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Intensive Care Unit, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Charlotte Syrykh
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Service d'Anatomopathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Laurent
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Service d'Anatomopathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathilde Gotanègre
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Bonnefoy
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, U1194, Inserm, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Nicot
- LuxGene, Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Francisco Azuaje
- Computational Biomedicine Research Group, Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Kaoma
- Computational Biomedicine Research Group, Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Carine Joffre
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérome Tamburini
- Institut Cochin, Département Développement, Reproduction, Cancer, UMR8104-CNRS, U1016-INSERM, Paris.,Translational Research Centre in Onco-Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Récher
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Service d'Hématologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - François Vergez
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Service d'Hématologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Sarry
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France. .,University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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7
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Perez DR, Sklar LA, Chigaev A, Matlawska-Wasowska K. Drug repurposing for targeting cyclic nucleotide transporters in acute leukemias - A missed opportunity. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 68:199-208. [PMID: 32044470 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
While current treatment regimens for acute leukemia can dramatically improve patient survival, there remains room for improvement. Due to its roles in cell differentiation, cell survival, and apoptotic signaling, modulation of the cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway has provided a meaningful target in hematological malignancies. Several studies have demonstrated that gene expression profiles associated with increased pro-survival cAMP activity or downregulation of various pro-apoptotic factors associated with the cAMP pathway are apparent in acute leukemia patients. Previous work to increase leukemia cell intracellular cAMP focused on the use of cAMP analogs, stimulating cAMP production via transmembrane-associated adenylyl cyclases, or decreasing cAMP degradation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase activity. However, targeting cyclic nucleotide efflux by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters represents an unexplored approach for modulation of intracellular cyclic nucleotide levels. Preliminary studies have shown that inhibition of cAMP efflux can stimulate leukemia cell differentiation, cell growth arrest, and apoptosis, indicating that targeting cAMP efflux may show promise for future therapeutic development. Furthermore, inhibition of cyclic nucleotide transporter activity may also contribute multiple anticancer benefits by reducing extracellular pro-survival signaling in malignant cells. Hence, several opportunities for drug repurposing may exist for targeting cyclic nucleotide transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique R Perez
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Center for Molecular Discovery, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Larry A Sklar
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Center for Molecular Discovery, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Alexandre Chigaev
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Center for Molecular Discovery, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Ksenia Matlawska-Wasowska
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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8
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Bjørnstad R, Aesoy R, Bruserud Ø, Brenner AK, Giraud F, Dowling TH, Gausdal G, Moreau P, Døskeland SO, Anizon F, Herfindal L. A Kinase Inhibitor with Anti-Pim Kinase Activity is a Potent and Selective Cytotoxic Agent Toward Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:567-578. [PMID: 30679386 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
More than 40 years ago, the present standard induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was developed. This consists of the metabolic inhibitor cytarabine (AraC) and the cytostatic topoisomerase 2 inhibitor daunorubucin (DNR). In light of the high chance for relapse, as well as the large heterogeneity, novel therapies are needed to improve patient outcome. We have tested the anti-AML activity of 15 novel compounds based on the scaffolds pyrrolo[2,3-a]carbazole-3-carbaldehyde, pyrazolo[3,4-c]carbazole, pyrazolo[4,3-a]phenanthridine, or pyrrolo[2,3-g]indazole. The compounds were inhibitors of Pim kinases, but could also have inhibitory activity against other protein kinases. Ser/Thr kinases like the Pim kinases have been identified as potential drug targets for AML therapy. The compound VS-II-173 induced AML cell death with EC50 below 5 μmol/L, and was 10 times less potent against nonmalignant cells. It perturbed Pim-kinase-mediated AML cell signaling, such as attenuation of Stat5 or MDM2 phosphorylation, and synergized with DNR to induce AML cell death. VS-II-173 induced cell death also in patients with AML blasts, including blast carrying high-risk FLT3-ITD mutations. Mutation of nucleophosmin-1 was associated with good response to VS-II-173. In conclusion new scaffolds for potential AML drugs have been explored. The selective activity toward patient AML blasts and AML cell lines of the pyrazolo-analogue VS-II-173 make it a promising drug candidate to be further tested in preclinical animal models for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Bjørnstad
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Hospital Pharmacy in western Norway, Bergen
| | - Reidun Aesoy
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Annette K Brenner
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Francis Giraud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma Clermont, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tara Helen Dowling
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Pascale Moreau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma Clermont, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Fabrice Anizon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma Clermont, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lars Herfindal
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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9
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Illiano M, Conte M, Sapio L, Nebbioso A, Spina A, Altucci L, Naviglio S. Forskolin Sensitizes Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells to H3K27me2/3 Demethylases GSKJ4 Inhibitor via Protein Kinase A. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:792. [PMID: 30079022 PMCID: PMC6063003 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological malignancy occurring very often in older adults, with poor prognosis depending on both rapid disease progression and drug resistance occurrence. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are demanded. Epigenetic marks play a relevant role in AML. GSKJ4 is a novel inhibitor of the histone demethylases JMJD3 and UTX. To note GSKJ4 has been recently shown to act as a potent small molecule inhibitor of the proliferation in many cancer cell types. On the other hand, forskolin, a natural cAMP raising compound, used for a long time in traditional medicine and considered safe also in recent studies, is emerging as a very interesting molecule for possible use in cancer therapy. Here, we investigate the effects of forskolin on the sensitivity of human leukemia U937 cells to GSKJ4 through flow cytometry-based assays (cell-cycle progression and cell death), cell number counting, and immunoblotting experiments. We provide evidence that forskolin markedly potentiates GSKJ4-induced antiproliferative effects by apoptotic cell death induction, accompanied by a dramatic BCL2 protein down-regulation as well as caspase 3 activation and PARP protein cleavage. Comparable effects are observed with the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX and 8-Br-cAMP analogous, but not by using 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP Epac activator. Moreover, the forskolin-induced enhancement of sensitivity to GSKJ4 is counteracted by pre-treatment with Protein Kinase A (PKA) inhibitors. Altogether, our data strongly suggest that forskolin sensitizes U937 cells to GSKJ4 inhibitor via a cAMP/PKA-mediated mechanism. Our findings provide initial evidence of anticancer activity induced by forskolin/GSKJ4 combination in leukemia cells and underline the potential for use of forskolin and GSKJ4 in the development of innovative and effective therapeutic approaches for AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Illiano
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Sapio
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Spina
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Silvio Naviglio
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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10
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Monczor F, Copsel S, Fernandez N, Davio C, Shayo C. Histamine H 2 Receptor in Blood Cells: A Suitable Target for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 241:141-160. [PMID: 27316911 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) consists in a cancer of early hematopoietic cells arising in the bone marrow, most often of those cells that would turn into white blood cells (except lymphocytes). Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for AML but one of the major complications is that current drugs are highly toxic and poorly tolerated. In general, treatment for AML consists of induction chemotherapy and post-remission therapy. If no further post-remission is given, almost all patients will eventually relapse. Histamine, acting at histamine type-2 (H2) receptors on phagocytes and AML blast cells, helps prevent the production and release of oxygen-free radicals, thereby protecting NK and cytotoxic T cells. This protection allows immune-stimulating agents, such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), to activate cytotoxic cells more effectively, enhancing the killing of tumor cells. Based on this mechanism, post-remission therapy with histamine and IL-2 was found to significantly prevent relapse of AML. Alternatively, another potentially less toxic approach to treat AML employs drugs to induce differentiation of malignant cells. It is based on the assumption that many neoplastic cell types exhibit reversible defects in differentiation, which upon appropriate treatment results in tumor reprogramming and the induction of terminal differentiation. There are promissory results showing that an elevated and sustained signaling through H2 receptors is able to differentiate leukemia-derived cell lines, opening the door for the use of H2 agonists for specific differentiation therapies. In both situations, histamine acting through H2 receptors constitutes an eligible treatment to induce leukemic cell differentiation, improving combined therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Monczor
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, ININFA, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Junín 956 PP, (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Sabrina Copsel
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Natalia Fernandez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, ININFA, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Junín 956 PP, (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Davio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, ININFA, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Junín 956 PP, (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina Shayo
- Laboratorio de Patología y Farmacología Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Xiao LY, Kan WM. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) confers drug resistance against DNA damaging agents via PKAIA in CML cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 794:201-208. [PMID: 27894809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) regulates many vital functions such as metabolism, proliferation, differentiation and death. Depending on cell types and stimulators, cAMP could either promote or attenuate cell death. cAMP signal can be transduced by protein kinase A (PKA) and/or exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC). In CML cells, cAMP may suppress their proliferation and enhance their differentiation. However, the role of cAMP on DNA damaging agent toxicity and the mechanism involved has not been studied. In this study, we studied the effect of cAMP on the sensitivity of CML cells to DNA damaging agents. We observed that forskolin (FSK) and dibutyryl-cAMP (DBcAMP) decreased cisplatin and etoposide-induced cell death in K562 cells. Moreover, PKA activator prevented K562 cells from DNA damaging agent-induced cell death while EPAC activator had no effect. Furthermore, we found that the PKA subtype, PKAIA, was involved in cAMP-attenuated resistance in K562 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that increased cAMP level confers CML cells to acquire a novel mechanism against DNA damaging agent toxicity via PKAIA. Thus, PKAIA inhibitor may be helpful in overcoming the resistance to DNA damaging agents in CML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yi Xiao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wai-Ming Kan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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12
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Cyclic AMP-Induced p53 Destabilization is Independent of CREB in Pre-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2016; 5:220-228. [PMID: 28357198 PMCID: PMC5353983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Elevated cAMP levels in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) cells attenuate the doxorubicin-induced p53 accumulation and protect cells against apoptosis. cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) is a cAMP-stimulated transcription factor that regulates genes whose deregulated expression cooperate in oncogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the role of CREB on inhibitory effect of cAMP on apoptosis and p53 accumulation in BCP-ALL NALM-6 cells. To determine whether targeting CREB can modulate the effect of cAMP on doxorubicin-induced apoptosis, we knocked down CREB in NALM-6 cells using lentiviral CREB shRNA. Knocked down cells were treated with doxorubicin in the presence or absence of cAMP-elevating agents. p53 protein level and apoptosis were assessed by western blot analysis and flow cytometry, respectively. p53 protein expression was reduced in cells treated with combination of cAMP-elevating agents and doxorubicin in contrast to cells treated with doxorubicin alone even in CREB-knocked down cells. Apoptosis assay showed that the cAMP-elevating agents decreased doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in CREB-knocked down and control cells. Although, CREB plays a particularly important role in cAMP signaling pathway our data suggest that CREB does not mediate the inhibitory effect of cAMP on doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and p53 accumulation in BCP-ALL NALM-6 cells.
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13
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Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common adult acute leukemia. Despite treatment, the majority of the AML patients relapse within 5 years. In silico analysis of several available databases of AML patients showed that the expression of adenylate cyclase 7 (ADCY7) significantly inversely correlates with the overall survival of AML patients. To determine whether ADCY7 supports AML development, we employed an shRNA-encoding lentivirus system to inhibit adcy7 expression in human AML cells including U937, MV4-11, and THP-1 cells. The ADCY7 deficiency resulted in decreased cell growth, elevated apoptosis, and lower c-Myc expression of these leukemia cells. This indicates that G protein-coupled receptor signaling contributes to AML pathogenesis. Our study suggests that inhibition of ADCY7 may be novel strategy for treating leukemia.
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14
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Liu Q, Nguyen E, Døskeland S, Ségal-Bendirdjian É. cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase A (PKA)–Mediated c-Myc Degradation Is Dependent on the Relative Proportion of PKA-I and PKA-II Isozymes. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:469-76. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.097915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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15
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Wei S, Kozono S, Kats L, Nechama M, Li W, Guarnerio J, Luo M, You MH, Yao Y, Kondo A, Hu H, Bozkurt G, Moerke NJ, Cao S, Reschke M, Chen CH, Rego EM, LoCoco F, Cantley L, Lee TH, Wu H, Zhang Y, Pandolfi PP, Zhou XZ, Lu KP. Active Pin1 is a key target of all-trans retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia and breast cancer. Nat Med 2015; 21:457-66. [PMID: 25849135 PMCID: PMC4425616 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A common key regulator of oncogenic signaling pathways in multiple tumor types is the unique isomerase Pin1. However, available Pin1 inhibitors lack the required specificity and potency for inhibiting Pin1 function in vivo. By using mechanism-based screening, here we find that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)--a therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) that is considered the first example of targeted therapy in cancer, but whose drug target remains elusive--inhibits and degrades active Pin1 selectively in cancer cells by directly binding to the substrate phosphate- and proline-binding pockets in the Pin1 active site. ATRA-induced Pin1 ablation degrades the protein encoded by the fusion oncogene PML-RARA and treats APL in APL cell and animal models as well as in human patients. ATRA-induced Pin1 ablation also potently inhibits triple-negative breast cancer cell growth in human cells and in animal models by acting on many Pin1 substrate oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Thus, ATRA simultaneously blocks multiple Pin1-regulated cancer-driving pathways, an attractive property for treating aggressive and drug-resistant tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Catalysis
- Catalytic Domain
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- NIMA-Interacting Peptidylprolyl Isomerase
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Peptidylprolyl Isomerase/genetics
- Phosphates/chemistry
- Phosphorylation
- Proline/chemistry
- Tretinoin/metabolism
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wei
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shingo Kozono
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lev Kats
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Morris Nechama
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenzong Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jlenia Guarnerio
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manli Luo
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mi-Hyeon You
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yandan Yao
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asami Kondo
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hai Hu
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gunes Bozkurt
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathan J. Moerke
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shugeng Cao
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Markus Reschke
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chun-Hau Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eduardo M. Rego
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Francesco LoCoco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University and Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Lewis Cantley
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Fatemi A, Kazemi A, Kashiri M, Safa M. Elevation of cAMP Levels Inhibits Doxorubicin-Induced Apoptosis in Pre- B ALL NALM- 6 Cells Through Induction of BAD Phosphorylation and Inhibition of P53 Accumulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2015; 4:94-102. [PMID: 26261798 PMCID: PMC4499571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of the molecular mechanisms of cAMP action against DNA damage-induced apoptosis can be useful to improve the efficacy of DNA damaging therapeutic agents. Considering the critical role of bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD) and p53 proteins in DNA damage -induced apoptosis, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of cAMP-elevating agents on these proteins in doxorubicin-treated pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pre-B ALL) NALM-6 cells.The pre-B ALL cell line NALM-6 was cultured and treated with doxorubicin in combination with or without cAMP-elevating agents forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). Cell viability was measured by trypan blue staining and MTT assay. For evaluation of apoptosis, annexin-V staining by flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity assay were used. Protein expression of p53, BAD and phoshorylated BAD was detected by western blotting analysis.cAMP-increasing agents diminished the doxorubicin-mediated cytotoxicity in NALM-6 cells as indicated by the viability assays. Annexin-V apoptosis assay showed that the cAMP-elevating agents decreased doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Moreover, doxorubicin-induced caspase-3 activity was attenuated in the presence of cAMP-increasing agents. Western blot results revealed the reduced expression of p53 protein in cells treated with combination of cAMP-elevating agents and doxorubicin in contrast to cells treated with doxorubicin alone. Expression of total BAD protein was not affected by doxorubicin and cAMP-elevating agents. However, phosphorylation of BAD protein was induced in the presence of cAMP-elevating agents. Our study suggests that elevated cAMP levels inhibit doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in pre-B ALL cells through induction of BAD phosphorylation and abrogation of p53 accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Fatemi
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Kazemi
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Meysam Kashiri
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding author: Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Udensi UK, Tchounwou PB. Dual effect of oxidative stress on leukemia cancer induction and treatment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2014; 33:106. [PMID: 25519934 PMCID: PMC4320640 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-014-0106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) has been characterized by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a biological system's ability to repair oxidative damage or to neutralize the reactive intermediates including peroxides and free radicals. High ROS production has been associated with significant decrease in antioxidant defense mechanisms leading to protein, lipid and DNA damage and subsequent disruption of cellular functions. In humans, OS has been reported to play a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Lou Gehrig's disease, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease, as well as atherosclerosis, autism, cancer, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. Although OS has been linked to the etiology and development of chronic diseases, many chemotherapeutic drugs have been shown to exert their biologic activity through induction of OS in affected cells. This review highlights the controversial role of OS in the development and progression of leukemia cancer and the therapeutic application of increased OS and antioxidant approaches to the treatment of leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udensi K Udensi
- NIH/NIMHD RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- NIH/NIMHD RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
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18
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Targeting protein kinase A in cancer therapy: an update. EXCLI JOURNAL 2014; 13:843-55. [PMID: 26417307 PMCID: PMC4464521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein Kinase A (PKA) is a well known member of the serine-threonin protein kinase superfamily. PKA, also known as cAMP-dependent protein kinase, is a multi-unit protein kinase that mediates signal transduction of G-protein coupled receptors through its activation upon cAMP binding. The widespread expression of PKA subunit genes, and the myriad of mechanisms by which cAMP is regulated within a cell suggest that PKA signaling is one of extreme importance to cellular function. It is involved in the control of a wide variety of cellular processes from metabolism to ion channel activation, cell growth and differentiation, gene expression and apoptosis. Importantly, since it has been implicated in the initiation and progression of many tumors, PKA has been proposed as a novel biomarker for cancer detection, and as a potential molecular target for cancer therapy. Here, we highlight some features of cAMP/PKA signaling that are relevant to cancer biology and present an update on targeting PKA in cancer therapy.
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19
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Westbom CM, Shukla A, MacPherson MB, Yasewicz EC, Miller JM, Beuschel SL, Steele C, Pass HI, Vacek PM, Shukla A. CREB-induced inflammation is important for malignant mesothelioma growth. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2816-27. [PMID: 25111229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive tumor with no treatment regimen. Previously we have demonstrated that cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) is constitutively activated in MM tumor cells and tissues and plays an important role in MM pathogenesis. To understand the role of CREB in MM tumor growth, we generated CREB-inhibited MM cell lines and performed in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro experiments demonstrated that CREB inhibition results in significant attenuation of proliferation and drug resistance of MM cells. CREB-silenced MM cells were then injected into severe combined immunodeficiency mice, and tumor growth in s.c. and i.p. models of MM was followed. We observed significant inhibition in MM tumor growth in both s.c. and i.p. models and the presence of a chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin, further inhibited MM tumor growth in the i.p. model. Peritoneal lavage fluids from CREB-inhibited tumor-bearing mice showed a significantly reduced total cell number, differential cell counts, and pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-6, IL-8, regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor). In vitro studies showed that asbestos-induced inflammasome/inflammation activation in mesothelial cells was CREB dependent, further supporting the role of CREB in inflammation-induced MM pathogenesis. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the involvement of CREB in the regulation of MM pathogenesis by regulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Westbom
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Anurag Shukla
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | | | - Elizabeth C Yasewicz
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jill M Miller
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Stacie L Beuschel
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Chad Steele
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Harvey I Pass
- Langone Medical Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Pamela M Vacek
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Arti Shukla
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
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20
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Safa M, Mousavizadeh K, Noori S, Pourfathollah A, Zand H. cAMP protects acute promyelocytic leukemia cells from arsenic trioxide-induced caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 736:115-23. [PMID: 24815320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
More recently, arsenic trioxide (ATO), was integrated into acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treatment, showing high efficacy and tolerability in patients with both ATRA-sensitive and ATRA-resistant APL. ATO could induce apoptosis at relatively high concentrations (0.5 to 2.0 micromol/L) and partial differentiation at low concentrations (0.1 to 0.5 micromol/L) in leukemic promyelocytes. It is known that cAMP agonists enhance low-dose ATO-induced APL cells differentiation. Less well appreciated was the possible interaction between relatively high-doses of ATO and enhanced levels of cAMP in APL cells. Here, we show that elevation of cAMP levels by forskolin inhibited ATO-mediated apoptosis in APL-derived NB4 cells, and this inhibition could be averted by cell permeable cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor (14-22) amide. Inactivating phosphorylation of the proapoptotic protein Bad at Ser118 and phosphorylation of the CREB proto-oncogene at Ser133 were observed upon elevation of cAMP levels in NB4 cells. Phosphorylation of these PKA target proteins is known to promote cell survival in AML cells. The ability of cAMP to endow the APL cells with survival advantage is of particular importance when cAMP agonists may be considered as adjuncts to APL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Safa
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kazem Mousavizadeh
- Oncopathology Research Center, and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shekoofeh Noori
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arefeh Pourfathollah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Zand
- National Institute and Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Department of Molecular Nutrition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Efficacy of multi-functional liposomes containing daunorubicin and emetine for treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:186-93. [PMID: 24747809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in chemotherapy against acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), the disease still has high mortality, particularly for patients who tolerate extensive chemotherapy poorly. Nano-formulations have potential to minimise the adverse effects of chemotherapy. We present here a liposomal formulation encapsulating both the anthracycline daunorubicin (DNR) and emetine (Eme) for enhanced cytotoxic effect against AML cells. Eme could be loaded into the PEGylated liposomes together with DNR by the acid precipitation principle, with a loading efficiency of Eme at about 50% of that of DNR. The liposome surface was modified with folate to enhance drug loading into cells, giving higher cytotoxic activity. Both intracellular drug loading and cytotoxic activity could be further increased by anti-folate treatment of AML cells with methotrexate (MTX). The combination of DNR and Eme also increased drug loading in MTX-treated cells compared to DNR alone. Liposomes with both DNR and Eme were particularly efficient against AMLs with deficient p53. In conclusion, we have produced a multi-functional liposomal anti-leukaemic drug formulation designed to overcome some of the problems in anthracycline chemotherapy: (1) Combination of DNR and Eme to diminish drug resistance. (2) Using PEGylated stealth liposomes to minimise adverse side-effects. (3) Molecules on the liposomal surface target proteins on AML-cells ensure selectivity, which was enhanced by priming the leukaemia cells with MTX.
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22
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Herfindal L, Krakstad C, Myhren L, Hagland H, Kopperud R, Teigen K, Schwede F, Kleppe R, Døskeland SO. Introduction of aromatic ring-containing substituents in cyclic nucleotides is associated with inhibition of toxin uptake by the hepatocyte transporters OATP 1B1 and 1B3. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94926. [PMID: 24740327 PMCID: PMC3989234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Analogs of the cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP have been extensively used to mimic or modulate cellular events mediated by protein kinase A (PKA), Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac), or protein kinase G (PKG). We report here that some of the most commonly used cyclic nucleotide analogs inhibit transmembrane transport mediated by the liver specific organic anion transporter peptides OATP1B1 and OATP1B3, unrelated to actions on Epac, PKA or PKG. Several cAMP analogs, particularly with 8-pCPT-substitution, inhibited nodularin (Nod) induced primary rat hepatocyte apoptosis. Inhibition was not mediated by PKA or Epac, since increased endogenous cAMP, and some strong PKA- or Epac-activating analogs failed to protect cells against Nod induced apoptosis. The cAMP analogs inhibiting Nod induced hepatocyte apoptosis also reduced accumulation of radiolabeled Nod or cholic acid in primary rat hepatocytes. They also inhibited Nod induced apoptosis in HEK293 cells with enforced expression of OATP1B1 or 1B3, responsible for Nod transport into cells. Similar results were found with adenosine analogs, disconnecting the inhibitory effect of certain cAMP analogs from PKA or Epac. The most potent inhibitors were 8-pCPT-6-Phe-cAMP and 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP, whereas analogs like 6-MB-cAMP or 8-Br-cAMP did not inhibit Nod uptake. This suggests that the addition of aromatic ring-containing substituents like the chloro-phenyl-thio group to the purines of cyclic nucleotides increases their ability to inhibit the OATP-mediated transport. Taken together, our data show that aromatic ring substituents can add unwanted effects to cyclic nucleotides, and that such nucleotide analogs must be used with care, particularly when working with cells expressing OATP1B1/1B3, like hepatocytes, or intact animals where hepatic metabolism can be an issue, as well as certain cancer cells. On the other hand, cAMP analogs with substituents like bromo, monobutyryl were non-inhibitory, and could be considered an alternative when working with cells expressing OATP1 family members.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Bacterial Toxins/metabolism
- Bacterial Toxins/pharmacokinetics
- Bacterial Toxins/pharmacology
- Biological Transport/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/analogs & derivatives
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Cyclic AMP/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Cyclic GMP/analogs & derivatives
- Cyclic GMP/metabolism
- Cyclic GMP/pharmacology
- Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Glycocholic Acid/metabolism
- Glycocholic Acid/pharmacokinetics
- Glycocholic Acid/pharmacology
- Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Hepatocytes/cytology
- Hepatocytes/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Humans
- Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1
- Male
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Models, Molecular
- Nucleotides, Cyclic/chemistry
- Nucleotides, Cyclic/pharmacology
- Organic Anion Transporters/chemistry
- Organic Anion Transporters/genetics
- Organic Anion Transporters/metabolism
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent/chemistry
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent/genetics
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent/metabolism
- Peptides, Cyclic/metabolism
- Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacokinetics
- Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Rats, Wistar
- Solute Carrier Organic Anion Transporter Family Member 1B3
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Herfindal
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Translational Signaling Group, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Lene Myhren
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hanne Hagland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Reidun Kopperud
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Knut Teigen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Rune Kleppe
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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23
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Reactive oxygen species-regulated glycogen synthase kinase-3β activation contributes to all-trans retinoic acid-induced apoptosis in granulocyte-differentiated HL60 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 88:86-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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24
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Ferreira AK, Santana-Lemos BAA, Rego EM, Filho OMR, Chierice GO, Maria DA. Synthetic phosphoethanolamine has in vitro and in vivo anti-leukemia effects. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:2819-28. [PMID: 24201752 PMCID: PMC3844899 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We recently showed that synthetic phosphoethanolamine reduces tumour growth and inhibits lung metastasis in vivo. Here, we investigated its anti-leukaemia effects using acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) as a model. Methods: Cytotoxic effects of Pho-s on leukaemia cells were evaluated by MTT assay. Leukaemic cells obtained from hCG-PML-RARa transgenic mice were transplanted to NOD/SCID mice. After the animals were diagnosed as leukaemic, treatment started with Pho-s using all-trans retinoid acid or daunorubicin as positive control or and saline control. Cell morphology and immunophenotyping were used to detect the undifferentiated blast cells in the spleen, liver and bone marrow. The induction of apoptosis in vitro and in malignant leukaemic clones was evaluated. Results: Synthetic phosphoethanolamine is cytotoxic and induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway in vitro to leukaemia cell lines. In vivo Pho-s exhibits anti-proliferative effects in APL model reducing the number of CD117+ and Gr-1+ immature myeloid cells in the BM, spleen and liver. Synthetic phosphoethanolamine impairs the expansion of malignant clones CD34+/CD117+, CD34+ and Gr-1+ in the BM. In addition, Pho-s induces apoptosis of immature cells in the spleen and liver, a notable effect. Conclusion: Synthetic phosphoethanolamine has anti-leukaemic effects in an APL model by inhibiting malignant clone expansion, suggesting that it is an interesting compound for leukaemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Ferreira
- 1] Biochemistry and Biophysical Laboratory, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil [2] Experimental Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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