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Lin H, Fu H, Sun S, Yin H, Yuan J, Liao J. Patient tissue-derived FGFR4-variant and wild-type colorectal cancer organoid development and anticancer drug sensitivity testing. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30985. [PMID: 38826758 PMCID: PMC11141279 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives FGFR4-variant and wild-type colorectal cancer (CRC) organoids were developed to investigate the effects of FGFR4-targeted drugs, including FGFR4-IN and erdafitinib, on CRC and their possible molecular mechanism. Methods Clinical CRC tissues were collected, seven CRC organoids were developed, and whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed. CRC organoids were cultured and organoid drug sensitivity studies were conducted. Finally, an FGFR4-variant (no wild-type) CRC patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model was developed. Western blot measured ERK/AKT/STAT3 pathway-related protein levels. Results WES results revealed the presence of FGFR4-variants in 5 of the 7 CRC organoids. The structural organization and integrity of organoids were significantly altered under the influence of targeted drugs (FGFR4-IN-1 and erdafitinib). The effects of FGFR4 targeted drugs were not selective for FGFR4 genotypes. FGFR4-IN-1 and erdafitinib significantly reduced the growth, diameter, and Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) activity of organoids. Furthermore, chemotherapeutic drugs, including 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin, inhibited FGFR4-variant and wild-type CRC organoid activity. Moreover, the tumor volume of mice was significantly reduced at week 6, and p-ERK1/2, p-AKT, and p-STAT3 levels were down-regulated following FGFR4-IN-1 and erdafitinib treatment. Conclusions FGFR4-targeted and chemotherapeutic drugs inhibited the activity of FGFR4-variant and wild-type CRC organoids, and targeted drugs were more effective than chemotherapeutic drugs at the same concentration. Additionally, FGFR4 inhibitors hindered tumorigenesis in FGFR4-variant CRC organoids through ERK1/2, AKT, and STAT3 pathways. However, no wild-type control was tested in this experiment, which need further confirmation in the next study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Shishen Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jilin Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
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Ottaiano A, Santorsola M, Ianniello M, Ceccarelli A, Casillo M, Sabbatino F, Petrillo N, Cascella M, Caraglia F, Picone C, Perri F, Sirica R, Zappavigna S, Nasti G, Savarese G, Caraglia M. Predictive significance of FGFR4 p.G388R polymorphism in metastatic colorectal cancer patients receiving trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) treatment. J Transl Med 2024; 22:379. [PMID: 38650006 PMCID: PMC11036552 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05184-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TAS-102 (Lonsurf®) is an oral fluoropyrimidine consisting of a combination of trifluridine (a thymidine analog) and tipiracil (a thymidine phosphorylation inhibitor). The drug is effective in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients refractory to fluorouracil, irinotecan and oxaliplatin. This study is a real-world analysis, investigating the interplay of genotype/phenotype in relation to TAS-102 sensitivity. METHODS Forty-seven consecutive mCRC patients were treated with TAS-102 at the National Cancer Institute of Naples from March 2019 to March 2021, at a dosage of 35 mg/m2, twice a day, in cycles of 28 days (from day 1 to 5 and from day 8 to 12). Clinical-pathological parameters were described. Activity was evaluated with RECIST criteria (v1.1) and toxicity with NCI-CTC (v5.0). Survival was depicted through the Kaplan-Meyer curves. Genetic features of patients were evaluated with Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) through the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform and TruSigt™Oncology 500 kit. RESULTS Median age of patients was 65 years (range: 46-77). Forty-one patients had 2 or more metastatic sites and 38 patients underwent to more than 2 previous lines of therapies. ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) Performance Status (PS) was 2 in 19 patients. The median number of TAS-102 cycles was 4 (range: 2-12). The most frequent toxic event was neutropenia (G3/G4 in 16 patients). There were no severe (> 3) non-haematological toxicities or treatment-related deaths. Twenty-six patients experienced progressive disease (PD), 21 stable disease (SD). Three patients with long-lasting disease control (DC: complete, partial responses or stable disease) shared an FGFR4 (p.Gly388Arg) mutation. Patients experiencing DC had more frequently a low tumour growth rate (P = 0.0306) and an FGFR4 p.G388R variant (P < 0.0001). The FGFR4 Arg388 genotype was associated with better survival (median: 6.4 months) compared to the Gly388 genotype (median: 4 months); the HR was 0.25 (95% CI 0.12- 0.51; P = 0.0001 at Log-Rank test). CONCLUSIONS This phenotype/genotype investigation suggests that the FGFR4 p.G388R variant may serve as a new marker for identifying patients who are responsive to TAS-102. A mechanistic hypothesis is proposed to interpret these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ottaiano
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Mariachiara Santorsola
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Ianniello
- Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale Srl, AMES, 80013, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Ceccarelli
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Casillo
- Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale Srl, AMES, 80013, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Sabbatino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Nadia Petrillo
- Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale Srl, AMES, 80013, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Cascella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Francesco Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via L. de Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Picone
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Perri
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Sirica
- Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale Srl, AMES, 80013, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Zappavigna
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via L. de Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
- Laboratory of Precision and Molecular Oncology, Institute of Genetic Research, Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Nasti
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via L. de Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
- Laboratory of Precision and Molecular Oncology, Institute of Genetic Research, Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy.
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Mahapatra S, Jonniya NA, Koirala S, Ursal KD, Kar P. The FGF/FGFR signalling mediated anti-cancer drug resistance and therapeutic intervention. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13509-13533. [PMID: 36995019 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2191721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) ligands and their receptors are crucial factors driving chemoresistance in several malignancies, challenging the efficacy of currently available anti-cancer drugs. The Fibroblast growth factor/receptor (FGF/FGFR) signalling malfunctions in tumor cells, resulting in a range of molecular pathways that may impact its drug effectiveness. Deregulation of cell signalling is critical since it can enhance tumor growth and metastasis. Overexpression and mutation of FGF/FGFR induce regulatory changes in the signalling pathways. Chromosomal translocation facilitating FGFR fusion production aggravates drug resistance. Apoptosis is inhibited by FGFR-activated signalling pathways, reducing multiple anti-cancer medications' destructive impacts. Angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are facilitated by FGFRs-dependent signalling, which correlates with drug resistance and enhances metastasis. Further, lysosome-mediated drug sequestration is another prominent method of resistance. Inhibition of FGF/FGFR by following a plethora of therapeutic approaches such as covalent and multitarget inhibitors, ligand traps, monoclonal antibodies, recombinant FGFs, combination therapy, and targeting lysosomes and micro RNAs would be helpful. As a result, FGF/FGFR suppression treatment options are evolving nowadays. To increase positive impacts, the processes underpinning the FGF/FGFR axis' role in developing drug resistance need to be clarified, emphasizing the need for more studies to develop novel therapeutic options to address this significant problem. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasmita Mahapatra
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nisha Amarnath Jonniya
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Suman Koirala
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Kapil Dattatray Ursal
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Liu L, Liang D, Zheng Q, Zhao M, Lv R, Tang J, Chen N. Berbamine dihydrochloride suppresses the progression of colorectal cancer via RTKs/Akt axis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:116025. [PMID: 36496042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Berberis amurensis Rupr. is used to treat cancer as a traditional herbal medicine. Berbamine (BBM) is a natural bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Berberis amurensis which possesses multiple pharmacological activity including anticancer. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the influence of BBM on the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) and further explore the underlying mechanism of BBM based on the RTKs/Akt signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro, cell viability and colony formation were conducted to detect BBM inhibitory of CRC cell lines. Transwell was detected the ability of migration and invasion by BBM. Apoptosis detection assay, cell cycle assay and the measurement of ROS were detected to confirm the inductive effect of cell apoptosis. RT-qPCR and Western blot to clarify the specific mechanism of anticancer. Finally, we conducted HE staining, Ki67, Tunnel and immunochemistry were confirmed the anti-colorectal cancer activity of BBM from vivo study. RESULTS We found that BBM could inhibit CRC cell lines growth. Moreover, BBM presented an inhibitory effect the ability of migration and invasion in CRC cells. Furthermore, the occurrence of apoptosis was involved in the anti-colorectal cancer role of BBM. BBM also triggered ROS accumulation in CRC cells that might be a key factor for the inductive effect of BBM in cell apoptosis. Cell cycle assay revealed that BBM induced the arrest of G1-S phase and increased the p21 levels but decreased CyclinE1, CyclinE2, CDK6, CyclinD1. RT-qPCR manifested that the down-regulation effect of BBM on AKT1, EGFR, PDGFRα and FGFR4 genes. The results also showed that BBM could decreased the expression levels of phosphor-AKT, PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, EGFR, FGFR3 and FGFR4 which belong to RTKs family. Consistently, BBM remarkably suppressed tumor xenograft growth in nude mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, all the results as presented above suggest that BBM as a novel multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor plays a crucial role in the inhibitory effect of CRC and may be a promising therapeutic agent for the CRC in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dan Liang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qiao Zheng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Maoyuan Zhao
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - RuiTing Lv
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Nianzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Zhang X, Soutto M, Chen Z, Bhat N, Zhu S, Eissmann MF, Ernst M, Lu H, Peng D, Xu Z, El-Rifai W. Induction of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 by Helicobacter pylori via Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 With a Feedforward Activation Loop Involving SRC Signaling in Gastric Cancer. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:620-636.e9. [PMID: 35588797 PMCID: PMC9629135 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection is the main risk factor for gastric cancer. The role of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGRFs) in H pylori-mediated gastric tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. This study investigated the molecular and mechanistic links between H pylori, inflammation, and FGFR4 in gastric cancer. METHODS Cell lines, human and mouse gastric tissue samples, and gastric organoids models were implemented. Infection with H pylori was performed using in vitro and in vivo models. Western blot, real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assays were used for molecular, mechanistic, and functional studies. RESULTS Analysis of FGFR family members using The Cancer Genome Atlas data, followed by validation, indicated that FGFR4 messenger (m)RNA was the most significantly overexpressed member in human gastric cancer tissue samples (P < .001). We also detected high levels of Fgfr4 mRNA and protein in gastric dysplasia and adenocarcinoma lesions in mouse models. Infection with J166, 7.13, and PMSS1 cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA)+ H pylori strains induced FGFR4 mRNA and protein expression in in vitro and in vivo models. This was associated with a concordant activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Analysis of the FGFR4 promoter suggested several putative binding sites for STAT3. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and an FGFR-promoter luciferase reporter containing putative STAT3 binding sites and their mutants, we confirmed a direct functional binding of STAT3 on the FGFR4 promoter. Mechanistically, we also discovered a feedforward activation loop between FGFR4 and STAT3 where the fibroblast growth factor 19–FGFR4 axis played an essential role in activating STAT3 in a SRC proto-oncogene non-receptor tyrosine kinase dependent manner. Functionally, we found that FGFR4 protected against H pylori-induced DNA damage and cell death. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated a link between infection, inflammation, and FGFR4 activation, where a feedforward activation loop between FGFR4 and STAT3 is established via SRC proto-oncogene non-receptor tyrosine kinase in response to H pylori infection. Given the relevance of FGFR4 to the etiology and biology of gastric cancer, we propose FGFR4 as a druggable molecular vulnerability that can be tested in patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mohammed Soutto
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Nadeem Bhat
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Shoumin Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Moritz F Eissmann
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heng Lu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Dunfa Peng
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
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Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer: From Mechanism to Clinic. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122928. [PMID: 35740594 PMCID: PMC9221177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The 5-year survival rate is 90% for patients with early CRC, 70% for patients with locally advanced CRC, and 15% for patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC). In fact, most CRC patients are at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. Although chemotherapy, molecularly targeted therapy and immunotherapy have significantly improved patient survival, some patients are initially insensitive to these drugs or initially sensitive but quickly become insensitive, and the emergence of such primary and secondary drug resistance is a significant clinical challenge. The most direct cause of resistance is the aberrant anti-tumor drug metabolism, transportation or target. With more in-depth research, it is found that cell death pathways, carcinogenic signals, compensation feedback loop signal pathways and tumor immune microenvironment also play essential roles in the drug resistance mechanism. Here, we assess the current major mechanisms of CRC resistance and describe potential therapeutic interventions.
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Agarwal S, Afaq F, Bajpai P, Kim H, Elkholy A, Behring M, Chandrashekar DS, Diffalha SA, Khushman M, Sugandha SP, Varambally S, Manne U. DCZ0415, a small-molecule inhibitor targeting TRIP13, inhibits EMT and metastasis via inactivation of the FGFR4/STAT3 axis and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in colorectal cancer. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:1728-1745. [PMID: 35194944 PMCID: PMC9019876 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid receptor-interacting protein 13 (TRIP13), a protein of the AAA-ATPase family, is upregulated in various human cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). This study focused on the inhibition of TRIP13-induced CRC progression and signalling by DCZ0415, a small molecule targeting TRIP13. It demonstrated potent antitumour activity in TRIP13-deregulated cancer cell lines, regardless of their p53, KRAS, BRAF, epidermal growth factor receptor or microsatellite instability status. The treatment of CRC cells with DCZ0415 resulted in decreased cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest in the G2-M phase and increased apoptosis. DCZ0415 diminished xenograft tumour growth and metastasis of CRC in immunocompromised mice. DCZ0415 reduced expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and proteins associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways in cells and xenografts exhibiting high expression of TRIP13. Additionally, DCZ0415 decreased cyclin D1, β-catenin and T-cell factor 1, leading to the inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In a syngeneic CRC model, DCZ0415 treatment induced an immune response by decreasing PD1 and CTLA4 levels and increasing granzyme B, perforin and interferon gamma. In sum, DCZ04145 inhibits the TRIP13-FGFR4-STAT3 axis, inactivates NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signalling, activates antitumour immune response and reduces the progression and metastasis of CRC. This study provides a rationale to evaluate DCZ0415 clinically for the treatment of a subset of CRCs that exhibit dysregulated TRIP13 and FGFR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Agarwal
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamALUSA
| | - Farrukh Afaq
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamALUSA
| | - Prachi Bajpai
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamALUSA
| | - Hyung‐Gyoon Kim
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamALUSA
| | - Amr Elkholy
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamALUSA
| | - Michael Behring
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamALUSA
| | | | - Sameer Al Diffalha
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamALUSA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamALUSA
| | - Moh’d Khushman
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamALUSA
- Department of MedicineDivision of Medical OncologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamALUSA
| | - Shajan P. Sugandha
- Department of MedicineDivision of GastroenterologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamALUSA
| | - Sooryanarayana Varambally
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamALUSA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamALUSA
| | - Upender Manne
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamALUSA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamALUSA
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Ramesh P, Di Franco S, Atencia Taboada L, Zhang L, Nicotra A, Stassi G, Medema JP. BCL-XL inhibition induces an FGFR4-mediated rescue response in colorectal cancer. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110374. [PMID: 35172148 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous therapy response observed in colorectal cancer is in part due to cancer stem cells (CSCs) that resist chemotherapeutic insults. The anti-apoptotic protein BCL-XL plays a critical role in protecting CSCs from cell death, where its inhibition with high doses of BH3 mimetics can induce apoptosis. Here, we screen a compound library for synergy with low-dose BCL-XL inhibitor A-1155463 to identify pathways that regulate sensitivity to BCL-XL inhibition and reveal that fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)4 inhibition effectively sensitizes to A-1155463 both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we identify a rescue response that is activated upon BCL-XL inhibition and leads to rapid FGF2 secretion and subsequent FGFR4-mediated post-translational stabilization of MCL-1. FGFR4 inhibition prevents MCL-1 upregulation and thereby sensitizes CSCs to BCL-XL inhibition. Altogether, our findings suggest a cell transferable induction of a FGF2/FGFR4 rescue response in CRC that is induced upon BCL-XL inhibition and leads to MCL-1 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanthi Ramesh
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AmsterdamUMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Di Franco
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lidia Atencia Taboada
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AmsterdamUMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Le Zhang
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AmsterdamUMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annalisa Nicotra
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AmsterdamUMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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The ponatinib/gossypol novel combination provides enhanced anticancer activity against murine solid Ehrlich carcinoma via triggering apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation/angiogenesis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 432:115767. [PMID: 34699866 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The search for new antitumor agents or combinations that are more effective and, hopefully, provide fewer health hazards is ongoing. Therefore, this study investigated the efficacy of a novel combination of ponatinib, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and the natural phytochemical gossypol against murine solid Ehrlich carcinoma. Six groups of ten mice each received vehicle (I), ponatinib in doses of 10 and 15 mg/kg (II, III) respectively, gossypol in a dose of 4 mg/kg (IV), and ponatinib (10 or 15 mg/kg) in combination with gossypol (4 mg/kg; V, VI). All treatments started on the 12th post-Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) implantation day and were administered intraperitoneally in daily doses for 3 weeks. Treatment of EAC-bearing mice with ponatinib/gossypol combination improved anticancer efficacy over either drug alone, as demonstrated by greater decreases in tumor weight and volume, and ponatinib (10 mg/kg)/gossypol combination was more efficient than ponatinib (15 mg/kg). Mechanistically, the ponatinib/gossypol combination significantly increased apoptotic markers p53, Bax, and caspase-9 while decreasing anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2. Furthermore, it greatly decreased proliferative and angiogenic markers, FGFR4 and VEGF, respectively. Histopathology revealed a significant decline in neoplastic cells, the majority of which have necrotic changes and numerous apoptotic bodies, as well as a decrease in mitotic figures and tumor giant cells, indicating the capacity to suppress cancer proliferation/persistence. Overall, gossypol could be used as an adjuvant medication for ponatinib in cancer treatment, possibly leading to successful dose reductions and fewer side effects; however, further research is needed before a clinical application could be feasible.
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FGF/FGFR-Dependent Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Anti-Cancer Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225796. [PMID: 34830951 PMCID: PMC8616288 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Deregulation of the FGF/FGFR axis is associated with many types of cancer and contributes to the development of chemoresistance, limiting the effectiveness of current treatment strategies. There are several mechanisms involved in this phenomenon, including cross-talks with other signaling pathways, avoidance of apoptosis, stimulation of angiogenesis, and initiation of EMT. Here, we provide an overview of current research and approaches focusing on targeting components of the FGFR/FGF signaling module to overcome drug resistance during anti-cancer therapy. Abstract Increased expression of both FGF proteins and their receptors observed in many cancers is often associated with the development of chemoresistance, limiting the effectiveness of currently used anti-cancer therapies. Malfunctioning of the FGF/FGFR axis in cancer cells generates a number of molecular mechanisms that may affect the sensitivity of tumors to the applied drugs. Of key importance is the deregulation of cell signaling, which can lead to increased cell proliferation, survival, and motility, and ultimately to malignancy. Signaling pathways activated by FGFRs inhibit apoptosis, reducing the cytotoxic effect of some anti-cancer drugs. FGFRs-dependent signaling may also initiate angiogenesis and EMT, which facilitates metastasis and also correlates with drug resistance. Therefore, treatment strategies based on FGF/FGFR inhibition (using receptor inhibitors, ligand traps, monoclonal antibodies, or microRNAs) appear to be extremely promising. However, this approach may lead to further development of resistance through acquisition of specific mutations, metabolism switching, and molecular cross-talks. This review brings together information on the mechanisms underlying the involvement of the FGF/FGFR axis in the generation of drug resistance in cancer and highlights the need for further research to overcome this serious problem with novel therapeutic strategies.
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11
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Biological Significance and Targeting of the FGFR Axis in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225681. [PMID: 34830836 PMCID: PMC8616401 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary All cells within tissues and organ systems must communicate with each other to ensure they function in a coordinated manner. One form of communication is signalling mediated by small proteins (for example fibroblast growth factors; FGFs) that are secreted by one cell and bind to specialised receptors (for example FGF receptors) on nearby cells. These receptors propagate the signal to the nucleus of the receiving cell, which in turn dictates to the cell how it should react. FGFR signalling is versatile, tightly controlled and important for normal body homeostasis, facilitating growth, healing and replacing old cells. However, cancer cells can take command of this pathway and use it to their advantage. This review will first explain the biology of FGFR signalling and then describe how it can be corrupted, the implications in cancer, and how it can be targeted to improve cancer therapy. Abstract The pleiotropic effects of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), the widespread expression of all seven signalling FGF receptors (FGFRs) throughout the body, and the dramatic phenotypes shown by many FGF/R knockout mice, highlight the diversity, complexity and functional importance of FGFR signalling. The FGF/R axis is critical during normal tissue development, homeostasis and repair. Therefore, it is not surprising that substantial evidence also pinpoints the involvement of aberrant FGFR signalling in disease, including tumourigenesis. FGFR aberrations in cancer include mutations, gene fusions, and amplifications as well as corrupted autocrine/paracrine loops. Indeed, many clinical trials on cancer are focusing on targeting the FGF/FGFR axis, using selective FGFR inhibitors, nonselective FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, ligand traps, and monoclonal antibodies and some have already been approved for the treatment of cancer patients. The heterogeneous tumour microenvironment and complexity of FGFR signalling may be some of the factors responsible for the resistance or poor response to therapy with FGFR axis-directed therapeutic agents. In the present review we will focus on the structure and function of FGF(R)s, their common irregularities in cancer and the therapeutic value of targeting their function in cancer.
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12
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Li K, Deng X, Feng G, Chen Y. Knockdown of Bcl-2-Associated Athanogene-3 Can Enhance the Efficacy of BGJ398 via Suppressing Migration and Inducing Apoptosis in Gastric Cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:3036-3044. [PMID: 33089486 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies of the digestive tract worldwide, and cancer cell resistance against anticancer drugs remains a major challenge for GC treatment. Nvp-BGJ398 (BGJ398) is considered as a common drug for cancer treatment; however, Bcl-2-associated athanogene-3 (BAG3) plays an important role in drug resistance. AIMS To investigate the function of BAG3 on the sensitivity of GC cells to BGJ398. METHODS The expression of BAG3 in GC cells and GC resistance cells was examined by qRT-PCR and western blot. The resistance to BGJ398 was detected by viability assay, and a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated. The cell migration and apoptosis were determined by wound-healing assay and flow cytometry assay. RESULTS BAG3 was highly expressed in drug-resistant cells Fu97R and Snu16R. BAG3 was also associated with sensitivity of Snu16 cells to BGJ398, promoting migration but inhibiting apoptosis. However, knockdown of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) suppressed BAG3 expression and lowered the sensitivity to BGJ398 in Snu16R cells. Knockdown of BAG3 inhibited tumor growth and cell apoptosis but induced cell apoptosis and amplified the sensitivity to BGJ398 in Snu16R cells, followed by enhancing BGJ398-induced antitumor function in a Snu16R-derived xenograft mouse model. CONCLUSION The mechanism of resistance to BGJ398 in GC is mediated by BAG3/HSF1, and combined treatment with shBAG3 could improve the efficacy of BGJ398 in GC. Thus, BAG3-targeted therapy improves the antitumor efficacy of BGJ398, which might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 6 Panxi Qizhi Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Xiang Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 6 Panxi Qizhi Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Guangjing Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 6 Panxi Qizhi Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, 400000, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 6 Panxi Qizhi Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, 400000, China
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13
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Predictive value of ERCC2, ABCC2 and MMP2 of response and long-term survival in locally advanced head and neck cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 88:813-823. [PMID: 34309735 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Genetic variants in genes involved in the distribution, metabolism, accumulation or repair of lesions are likely to influence the response of drugs used in the treatment of Head and Neck Cancer (HNC). We examine the effect of 36 SNPs on clinical outcomes in patients with locally advanced HNC who were receiving platinum-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT). METHODS These SNPs were genotyped in 110 patients using the iPLEX Gold assay on the MassARRAY method in blood DNA samples and used Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses to compare genotype groups with the survival. RESULTS Two SNPs, rs717620 (ABCC2) and rs12934241 (MMP2) were strongly associated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). At a median follow-up of 64.4 months, the allele A of rs717620 (ABCC2) had an increased risk of disease progression {hazard ratio [HR] = 1.79, p = 0.0018} and death (HR = 2.0, p = 0.00027). ABCC2 was associated with OS after a Bonferroni adjustment for multiple testing. The MMP2 rs12934241-T allele was associated with an increased risk of worse OS and DFS (p = 0.0098 and p = 0.0015, respectively). One SNP of ABCB1 and three SNPs located in the ERCC2 gene showed an association with response in the subgroup of HNC patients treated with definitive CRT. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the potential usefulness of SNPs in different genes involved in drug metabolism and repair DNA to predict the response and survival to CRT. ABCC2 is a potential predictor of OS in patients with HNC.
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Ramezani S, Parkhideh A, Bhattacharya PK, Farach-Carson MC, Harrington DA. Beyond Colonoscopy: Exploring New Cell Surface Biomarkers for Detection of Early, Heterogenous Colorectal Lesions. Front Oncol 2021; 11:657701. [PMID: 34290978 PMCID: PMC8287259 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.657701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths among both men and women in the United States. Early detection and surgical removal of high-risk lesions in the colon can prevent disease from developing and spreading. Despite implementation of programs aimed at early detection, screening colonoscopies fail to detect a fraction of potentially aggressive colorectal lesions because of their location or nonobvious morphology. Optical colonoscopies, while highly effective, rely on direct visualization to detect changes on the surface mucosa that are consistent with dysplasia. Recent advances in endoscopy techniques and molecular imaging permit microscale visualization of the colonic mucosa. These technologies can be combined with various molecular probes that recognize and target heterogenous lesion surfaces to achieve early, real-time, and potentially non-invasive, detection of pre-cancerous lesions. The primary goal of this review is to contextualize existing and emergent CRC surface biomarkers and assess each’s potential as a candidate marker for early marker-based detection of CRC lesions. CRC markers that we include were stratified by the level of support gleaned from peer-reviewed publications, abstracts, and databases of both CRC and other cancers. The selected biomarkers, accessible on the cell surface and preferably on the luminal surface of the colon tissue, are organized into three categories: (1) established biomarkers (those with considerable data and high confidence), (2) emerging biomarkers (those with increasing research interest but with less supporting data), and (3) novel candidates (those with very recent data, and/or supportive evidence from other tissue systems). We also present an overview of recent advances in imaging techniques useful for visual detection of surface biomarkers, and discuss the ease with which these methods can be combined with microscopic visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Ramezani
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Arianna Parkhideh
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Pratip K Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States.,Departments of BioSciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Daniel A Harrington
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States.,Departments of BioSciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
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15
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Quah SY, Wong CC, Wong HC, Ho KL, Abdul Manan N, Deb PK, Sagineedu SR, Stanslas J. Microarray-based identification of differentially expressed genes associated with andrographolide derivatives-induced resistance in colon and prostate cancer cell lines. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 425:115605. [PMID: 34087331 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance poses a major hurdle to cancer treatments. Andrographolide-derived SRJ09 and SRJ23 were reported to exhibit potent, selective inhibitory activities against colon and prostate cancer cells, respectively. In this study, previously developed resistant colon (HCT-116rst09) and prostate (PC-3rst23) cancer cell lines were used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms contributing to chemoresistance. Cytotoxic effects of SRJ09 and SRJ23 on both parental and resistant cells were investigated. Cell cycle distributions in HCT-116rst09 cells following SRJ09 treatment were analysed using flow cytometry. Whole-genome microarray analysis was performed on both parental and resistant cells to obtain differential gene expression profiles. Microarray data were subjected to protein-protein interaction network, functional enrichment, and pathway analyses. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to validate the changes in expression levels of selected genes. Besides morphological changes, HCT-116rst09 cells showed 7.0-fold resistance to SRJ09 while PC-3rst23 cells displayed a 5.5-fold resistance to SRJ23, as compared with their respective parental cells. G0/G1-phase cell cycle arrest was observed in HCT-116rst09 cells upon SRJ09 treatment. Collectively, 77 and 21 genes were found differentially modulated in HCT-116rst09 and PC-3rst23 cells, respectively. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis revealed several genes associated with FGFR4 and PI3K pathways, and cancer stemness, were chemoresistance mediators in HCT-116rst09 cells. RT-PCR confirmed the HMOX1 upregulation and ATG12 downregulation protected the PC-3rst23 cells from SRJ23 cytotoxicity. In conclusion, acquired chemoresistance to SRJ09 and SRJ23 in colon and prostate cancer cells, respectively, could be attributed to the alterations in the expression of genes such as those related to PI3K and autophagy pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Ying Quah
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Charng Choon Wong
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hui Chyn Wong
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kok Lian Ho
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nizar Abdul Manan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O.BOX (1), Philadelphia University, 19392 Amman, Jordan
| | - Sreenivasa Rao Sagineedu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Johnson Stanslas
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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16
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Li S. Anlotinib: A Novel Targeted Drug for Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:664853. [PMID: 34094958 PMCID: PMC8173120 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.664853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone and soft tissue sarcomas account for approximately 15% of pediatric solid malignant tumors and 1% of adult solid malignant tumors. There are over 50 subtypes of sarcomas, each of which is notably heterogeneous and manifested by remarkable phenotypic and morphological variability. Anlotinib is a novel oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting c-kit, platelet-derived growth factor receptors, fibroblast growth factor receptor, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor. In comparison with the placebo, anlotinib was associated with better overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS) in a phase III trial of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), albeit with cancer progression after two previous lines of treatment. Recently, the National Medical Products Administration approved anlotinib monotherapy as a third-line treatment for patients with advanced NSCLC. Additionally, a phase IIB randomized trial substantiated that anlotinib is associated with a significant longer median PFS in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma. Moreover, anlotinib is also effective in patients with advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma and metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Anlotinib has similar tolerability to other TKIs targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptors and other tyrosine kinase-mediated pathways. However, anlotinib has a notably lower rate of side effects ≥grade 3 relative to sunitinib. This review discussed the remarkable characteristics and major dilemmas of anlotinib as a targeted therapy for sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China.,Department of Tissue Engineering, Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), Shenyang, China
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17
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Fouda AE, Gamage AK, Pflum MKH. An Affinity‐Based, Cysteine‐Specific ATP Analog for Kinase‐Catalyzed Crosslinking. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E. Fouda
- Department of Chemistry Wayne State University 5101, Cass Ave Detroit MI 48202 USA
| | - Aparni K. Gamage
- Department of Chemistry Wayne State University 5101, Cass Ave Detroit MI 48202 USA
| | - Mary Kay H. Pflum
- Department of Chemistry Wayne State University 5101, Cass Ave Detroit MI 48202 USA
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18
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Fouda AE, Gamage AK, Pflum MKH. An Affinity-Based, Cysteine-Specific ATP Analog for Kinase-Catalyzed Crosslinking. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9859-9862. [PMID: 33619842 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Kinases mediate cell signaling pathways by catalyzing protein phosphorylation. Irregularities in kinase activity are directly associated with disease conditions. Therefore, methods to identify substrates of a particular kinase are needed to understand signaling cascades in normal and diseased states. Photocrosslinking ATP analogs provide powerful tools to study kinases by covalently linking kinases with substrates. However, the involvement of UV light and nonspecific reactivity of current ATP-photocrosslinkers challenge kinase-substrate identification. We report here an affinity-based crosslinking ATP analog, ATP-methylacrylamide (ATP-MAc), that contains a cysteine-reactive acrylamide crosslinking group, which avoids the UV irradiation and non-specific reactivity of prior analogs. Using in vitro kinase assays, ATP-MAc acts as a kinase co-substrate and covalently crosslinks only kinases containing cysteines in the active site. ATP-MAc was also able to crosslink cellular proteins in lysates, documenting compatibility with cell-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Fouda
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101, Cass Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Aparni K Gamage
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101, Cass Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Mary Kay H Pflum
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101, Cass Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
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19
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Kanzaki H, Chiba T, Ao J, Koroki K, Kanayama K, Maruta S, Maeda T, Kusakabe Y, Kobayashi K, Kanogawa N, Kiyono S, Nakamura M, Kondo T, Saito T, Nakagawa R, Ogasawara S, Suzuki E, Ooka Y, Muroyama R, Nakamoto S, Yasui S, Tawada A, Arai M, Kanda T, Maruyama H, Mimura N, Kato J, Zen Y, Ohtsuka M, Iwama A, Kato N. The impact of FGF19/FGFR4 signaling inhibition in antitumor activity of multi-kinase inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5303. [PMID: 33674622 PMCID: PMC7935880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
FGF19/FGFR4 autocrine signaling is one of the main targets for multi-kinase inhibitors (MKIs). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying FGF19/FGFR4 signaling in the antitumor effects to MKIs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. In this study, the impact of FGFR4/ERK signaling inhibition on HCC following MKI treatment was analyzed in vitro and in vivo assays. Serum FGF19 in HCC patients treated using MKIs, such as sorafenib (n = 173) and lenvatinib (n = 40), was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lenvatinib strongly inhibited the phosphorylation of FRS2 and ERK, the downstream signaling molecules of FGFR4, compared with sorafenib and regorafenib. Additional use of a selective FGFR4 inhibitor with sorafenib further suppressed FGFR4/ERK signaling and synergistically inhibited HCC cell growth in culture and xenograft subcutaneous tumors. Although serum FGF19high (n = 68) patients treated using sorafenib exhibited a significantly shorter progression-free survival and overall survival than FGF19low (n = 105) patients, there were no significant differences between FGF19high (n = 21) and FGF19low (n = 19) patients treated using lenvatinib. In conclusion, robust inhibition of FGF19/FGFR4 is of importance for the exertion of antitumor effects of MKIs. Serum FGF19 levels may function as a predictive marker for drug response and survival in HCC patients treated using sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kanzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Junjie Ao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Keisuke Koroki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kengo Kanayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Susumu Maruta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yuko Kusakabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Naoya Kanogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kiyono
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masato Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kondo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tomoko Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Sadahisa Ogasawara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Ooka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Muroyama
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shin Yasui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Akinobu Tawada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Makoto Arai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maruyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Naoya Mimura
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Jun Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoh Zen
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Masayuki Ohtsuka
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Naoya Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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20
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Botrus G, Raman P, Oliver T, Bekaii-Saab T. Infigratinib (BGJ398): an investigational agent for the treatment of FGFR-altered intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:309-316. [PMID: 33307867 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1864320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway is essential in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival. Cancers such as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCA) have demonstrated alterations of FGFR allowing unregulated growth. Infigratinib (BGJ398) is a potent ATP-competitive inhibitor of all four FGFR receptors as demonstrated by the consistently high prevalence of hyperphosphatemia, indicating disruption of FGFR-related phosphate homeostasis. AREAS COVERED In this article, the authors discuss preclinical studies and the biological characterization of BGJ398 that inspired its investigation for cancer treatment. They summarize results from phase I and II studies and comment on ongoing phase III clinical trials primarily focusing on its role in treating IHCA. EXPERT OPINION Infigratinib exhibits high potency FGFR1-3 inhibition in preclinical studies. Clinically, agents targeting FGFR including infigratinib show promising anti-tumor activity in targeted trials. Pemigatinib, an FGFR inhibitor, has recently been approved by the FDA for use in refractory IHCA. We believe infigratinib represents a promising agent in the treatment of refractory IHCA with FGFR2 fusions and is uniquely positioned to be a potential option in chemonaive patient populations. An ongoing phase III trial (PROOF-301) compares the efficacy and safety of infigratinib versus standard gemcitabine and cisplatin in untreated patients with IHCA and FGFR2 fusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehan Botrus
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Puneet Raman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas Oliver
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Tanios Bekaii-Saab
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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21
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Basak D, Uddin MN, Hancock J. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Its Counteractive Utility in Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3336. [PMID: 33187272 PMCID: PMC7698080 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An altered redox status accompanied by an elevated generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) has been implicated in a number of diseases including colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC, being one of the most common cancers worldwide, has been reported to be associated with multiple environmental and lifestyle factors (e.g., dietary habits, obesity, and physical inactivity) and harboring heightened oxidative stress that results in genomic instability. Although under normal condition ROS regulate many signal transduction pathways including cell proliferation and survival, overwhelming of the antioxidant capacity due to metabolic abnormalities and oncogenic signaling leads to a redox adaptation response that imparts drug resistance. Nevertheless, excessive reliance on elevated production of ROS makes the tumor cells increasingly vulnerable to further ROS insults, and the abolition of such drug resistance through redox perturbation could be instrumental to preferentially eliminate them. The goal of this review is to demonstrate the evidence that links redox stress to the development of CRC and assimilate the most up-to-date information that would facilitate future investigation on CRC-associated redox biology. Concomitantly, we argue that the exploitation of this distinct biochemical property of CRC cells might offer a fresh avenue to effectively eradicate these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Basak
- College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA;
| | | | - Jake Hancock
- College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA;
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22
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Sasaki N, Gomi F, Yoshimura H, Yamamoto M, Matsuda Y, Michishita M, Hatakeyama H, Kawano Y, Toyoda M, Korc M, Ishiwata T. FGFR4 Inhibitor BLU9931 Attenuates Pancreatic Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion While Inducing Senescence: Evidence for Senolytic Therapy Potential in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102976. [PMID: 33066597 PMCID: PMC7602396 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly malignancy that is projected to become the leading cause of cancer death by 2050. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) is a transmembrane receptor that is overexpressed in half of PDACs. We determined that its expression in PDAC positively correlated with larger tumor size and more advanced tumor stage, and that BLU9931, a selective FGFR4 inhibitor, reduced PDAC cell proliferation and invasion while promoting their senescence. Quercetin, a senolytic drug, induced cell death in BLU9931-treated cells. We propose that targeting FGFR4 in combination with senolysis could provide a novel therapeutic strategy in patients whose PDAC expresses high FGFR4 levels. Abstract Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), one of four tyrosine kinase receptors for FGFs, is involved in diverse cellular processes. Activation of FGF19/FGFR4 signaling is closely associated with cancer development and progression. In this study, we examined the expression and roles of FGF19/FGFR4 signaling in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In human PDAC cases, FGFR4 expression positively correlated with larger primary tumors and more advanced stages. Among eight PDAC cell lines, FGFR4 was expressed at the highest levels in PK-1 cells, in which single-nucleotide polymorphism G388R in FGFR4 was detected. For inhibition of autocrine/paracrine FGF19/FGFR4 signaling, we used BLU9931, a highly selective FGFR4 inhibitor. Inhibition of signal transduction through ERK, AKT, and STAT3 pathways by BLU9931 reduced proliferation in FGF19/FGFR4 signaling-activated PDAC cells. By contrast, BLU9931 did not alter stemness features, including stemness marker expression, anticancer drug resistance, and sphere-forming ability. However, BLU9931 inhibited cell invasion, in part, by downregulating membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 in FGF19/FGFR4 signaling-activated PDAC cells. Furthermore, downregulation of SIRT1 and SIRT6 by BLU9931 contributed to senescence induction, priming these cells for quercetin-induced death, a process termed senolysis. Thus, we propose that BLU9931 is a promising therapeutic agent in FGFR4-positive PDAC, especially when combined with senolysis (195/200).
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Sasaki
- Research team for Geriatric Medicine (Vascular Medicine), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Sakae-cho 35-2, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; (N.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Fujiya Gomi
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan;
| | - Hisashi Yoshimura
- Division of Physiological Pathology, Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan; (H.Y.); (M.Y.)
| | - Masami Yamamoto
- Division of Physiological Pathology, Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan; (H.Y.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yoko Matsuda
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan;
| | - Masaki Michishita
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan;
| | - Hitoshi Hatakeyama
- Department of Comprehensive Education in Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan;
| | - Yoichi Kawano
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan;
| | - Masashi Toyoda
- Research team for Geriatric Medicine (Vascular Medicine), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Sakae-cho 35-2, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; (N.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Murray Korc
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3964-1141 (ext. 4414)
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23
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Liu H, Tian R, Wang H, Feng S, Li H, Xiao Y, Luan X, Zhang Z, Shi N, Niu H, Zhang S. Gut microbiota from coronary artery disease patients contributes to vascular dysfunction in mice by regulating bile acid metabolism and immune activation. J Transl Med 2020; 18:382. [PMID: 33036625 PMCID: PMC7547479 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota was shown to play a crucial role in the development of vascular dysfunction, and the bacterial composition differed between healthy controls and coronary artery disease patients. The goal of this study was to investigate how the gut microbiota affects host metabolic homeostasis at the organism scale. METHODS We colonized germ-free C57BL/6 J mice with faeces from healthy control donors (Con) and coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and fed both groups a high fat diet for 12 weeks. We monitored cholesterol and vascular function in the transplanted mice. We analysed bile acids profiles and gut microbiota composition. Transcriptome sequencing and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate inflammatory and immune response. RESULTS CAD mice showed increased reactive oxygen species generation and intensive arterial stiffness. Microbiota profiles in recipient mice clustered according to the microbiota structure of the human donors. Clostridium symbiosum and Eggerthella colonization from CAD patients modulated the secondary bile acids pool, leading to an increase in lithocholic acid and keto-derivatives. Subsequently, bile acids imbalance in the CAD mice inhibited hepatic bile acids synthesis and resulted in elevated circulatory cholesterol. Moreover, the faecal microbiota from the CAD patients caused a significant induction of abnormal immune responses at both the transcriptome level and through the enhanced secretion of cytokines. In addition, microbes belonging to CAD promoted intestinal inflammation by contributing to lamina propria Th17/Treg imbalance and worsened gut barrier permeability. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our findings elucidated that the gut microbiota impacts cholesterol homeostasis by modulating bile acids. In addition, the CAD-associated bacterial community was shown to function as an important regulator of systemic inflammation and to influence arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ran Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Siqin Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hanyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaodong Luan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Na Shi
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical Collage, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Haitao Niu
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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24
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Blondy S, David V, Verdier M, Mathonnet M, Perraud A, Christou N. 5-Fluorouracil resistance mechanisms in colorectal cancer: From classical pathways to promising processes. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3142-3154. [PMID: 32536012 PMCID: PMC7469786 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a public health problem. It is the third most common cancer in the world, with nearly 1.8 million new cases diagnosed in 2018. The only curative treatment is surgery, especially for early tumor stages. When there is locoregional or distant invasion, chemotherapy can be introduced, in particular 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). However, the disease can become tolerant to these pharmaceutical treatments: resistance emerges, leading to early tumor recurrence. Different mechanisms can explain this 5-FU resistance. Some are disease-specific, whereas others, such as drug efflux, are evolutionarily conserved. These mechanisms are numerous and complex and can occur simultaneously in cells exposed to 5-FU. In this review, we construct a global outline of different mechanisms from disruption of 5-FU-metabolic enzymes and classic cellular processes (apoptosis, autophagy, glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, respiration, and cell cycle perturbation) to drug transporters and epithelial-mesenchymal transition induction. Particular interest is directed to tumor microenvironment function as well as epigenetic alterations and miRNA dysregulation, which are the more promising processes that will be the subject of much research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Blondy
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR "Control of cell activation, Tumor progression and Therapeutic resistance", Limoges cedex, France
| | - Valentin David
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR "Control of cell activation, Tumor progression and Therapeutic resistance", Limoges cedex, France.,Department of pharmacy, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Mireille Verdier
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR "Control of cell activation, Tumor progression and Therapeutic resistance", Limoges cedex, France
| | - Muriel Mathonnet
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR "Control of cell activation, Tumor progression and Therapeutic resistance", Limoges cedex, France.,Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Department of Digestive, General and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Aurélie Perraud
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR "Control of cell activation, Tumor progression and Therapeutic resistance", Limoges cedex, France.,Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Department of Digestive, General and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Niki Christou
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR "Control of cell activation, Tumor progression and Therapeutic resistance", Limoges cedex, France.,Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Department of Digestive, General and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
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25
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Gao Y, Liu P, Shi R. Anlotinib as a molecular targeted therapy for tumors. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1001-1014. [PMID: 32724339 PMCID: PMC7377159 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis has an essential role in tumor growth and metastasis, and blocking this pathway has been a successfully utilized strategy in the clinical treatment of cancer. Anlotinib (AL3818) is a novel oral receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and 3, fibroblast growth factor 1-4, platelet-derived growth factor receptor α and β, c-Kit and Ret. Anlotinib exerts inhibitory effects on tumor growth and angiogenesis and received its first approval as a third-line treatment for refractory advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in May 2018 and its second approval as a second-line treatment for advanced soft-tissue sarcoma in June 2019 in the People's Republic of China. Anlotinib has encouraging efficacy and a manageable and tolerable safety profile in a broad range of malignancies, including medullary thyroid cancer, renal cell cancer, gastric cancer and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In the present review, the preclinical and clinical trials of anlotinib were summarized with a focus on safety evaluation and adverse event management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Jiangyin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Jiangyin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Ruihua Shi
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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26
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Yamamoto T, Miyoshi H, Kakizaki F, Maekawa H, Yamaura T, Morimoto T, Katayama T, Kawada K, Sakai Y, Taketo MM. Chemosensitivity of Patient-Derived Cancer Stem Cells Identifies Colorectal Cancer Patients with Potential Benefit from FGFR Inhibitor Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082010. [PMID: 32708005 PMCID: PMC7465102 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Some colorectal cancer patients harboring FGFR (fibroblast growth factor receptor) genetic alterations, such as copy number gain, mutation, and/or mRNA overexpression, were selected for enrollment in several recent clinical trials of FGFR inhibitor, because these genetic alterations were preclinically reported to be associated with FGFR inhibitor sensitivity as well as poor prognosis, invasiveness, and/or metastatic potential. However, few enrolled patients were responsive to FGFR inhibitors. Thus, practical strategies are eagerly awaited that can stratify patients for the subset that potentially responds to FGFR inhibitor chemotherapy. In the present study, we evaluated the sensitivity to FGFR inhibitor erdafitinib on 25 patient-derived tumor-initiating cell (TIC) spheroid lines carrying wild-type RAS and RAF genes, both in vitro and in vivo. Then, we assessed possible correlations between the sensitivity and the genetic/genomic data of the spheroid lines tested. Upon their exposure to erdafitinib, seven lines (7/25, 28%) responded significantly. Normal colonic epithelial stem cells were unaffected by the inhibitors. Moreover, the combination of erdafitinib with EGFR inhibitor erlotinib showed stronger growth inhibition than either drug alone, as efficacy was observed in 21 lines (84%) including 14 (56%) that were insensitive to erdafitinib alone. The in vitro erdafitinib response was accurately reflected on mouse xenografts of TIC spheroid lines. However, we found little correlation between their genetic/genomic alterations of TIC spheroids and the sensitivity to the FGFR inhibitor. Accordingly, we propose that direct testing of the patient-derived spheroids in vitro is one of the most reliable personalized methods in FGFR-inhibitor therapy of colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Yamamoto
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.M.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (T.Y.); (T.M.)
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Departments of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Hiroyuki Miyoshi
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.M.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (T.Y.); (T.M.)
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kakizaki
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.M.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (T.Y.); (T.M.)
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hisatsugu Maekawa
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.M.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (T.Y.); (T.M.)
- Departments of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Tadayoshi Yamaura
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.M.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (T.Y.); (T.M.)
- Departments of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Tomonori Morimoto
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.M.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (T.Y.); (T.M.)
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Departments of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Toshiro Katayama
- Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-8480, Japan;
| | - Kenji Kawada
- Departments of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yoshiharu Sakai
- Departments of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - M. Mark Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.M.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (T.Y.); (T.M.)
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-8480, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-753-4391
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27
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Hong CS, Sun EG, Choi JN, Kim DH, Kim JH, Ryu KH, Shim HJ, Hwang JE, Bae WK, Kim HR, Kim KK, Jung C, Chung IJ, Cho SH. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 increases epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling by inducing amphiregulin expression and attenuates response to EGFR inhibitors in colon cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3268-3278. [PMID: 32533590 PMCID: PMC7469799 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) is known to induce cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and antiapoptosis through activation of RAS/RAF/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways, which are also known as major molecular bases of colon cancer carcinogenesis related with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. However, the interaction between FGFR4 and EGFR signaling in regard to colon cancer progression is unclear. Here, we investigated a potential cross‐talk between FGFR4 and EGFR, and the effect of anti‐EGFR therapy in colon cancer treatment. To explore the biological roles of FGFR4 in cancer progression, RNA sequencing was carried out using FGFR4 transfected colon cell lines. Gene ontology data showed the upregulation of genes related to EGFR signaling, and we identified that FGFR4 overexpression secretes EGFR ligands such as amphiregulin (AREG) with consequent activation of EGFR and ErbB3. This result was also shown in in vivo study and the cooperative interaction between EGFR and FGFR4 promoted tumor growth. In addition, FGFR4 overexpression reduced cetuximab‐induced cytotoxicity and the combination of FGFR4 inhibitor (BLU9931) and cetuximab showed profound antitumor effect compared to cetuximab alone. Clinically, we found the positive correlation between FGFR4 and AREG expression in tumor tissue, but not in normal tissue, from colon cancer patients and these expressions were significantly correlated with poor overall survival in patients treated with cetuximab. Therefore, our results provide the novel mechanism of FGFR4 in connection with EGFR activation and the combination of FGFR4 inhibitor and cetuximab could be a promising therapeutic option to achieve the optimal response to anti‐EGFR therapy in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Soo Hong
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Eun-Gene Sun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Ji-Na Choi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Dae-Hwan Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Jo-Heon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyun Ryu
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Shim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Jun-Eul Hwang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Woo-Kyun Bae
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea.,Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Rok Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Kyung Keun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Chaeyong Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Ik-Joo Chung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea.,Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Cho
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea.,Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
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28
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Luo H, Zhang T, Cheng P, Li D, Ogorodniitchouk O, Lahmamssi C, Wang G, Lan M. Therapeutic implications of fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors in a combination regimen for solid tumors. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2525-2536. [PMID: 32782571 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of novel drugs targeting the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway have been developed, including mostly tyrosine kinase inhibitors, selective inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies. Multiple preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted worldwide to ascertain their effects on diverse solid tumors. Drugs, such as lenvatinib, dovitinib and other non-specific FGFR inhibitors, widely used in clinical practice, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for cancer therapy, although the majority of drugs remain in preclinical tests or clinical research. The resistance to a single agent for FGFR inhibition with synthetic lethal action may be overcome by a combination of therapeutic approaches and FGFR inhibitors, which could also enhance the sensitivity to other therapeutics. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to describe the pharmacological characteristics of FGFR inhibitors that may be combined with other therapeutic agents and the preclinical data supporting their combination. Additionally, their clinical implications and the remaining challenges for FGFR inhibitor combination regimens are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | | | - Chaimaa Lahmamssi
- Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, 42270 Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Ge Wang
- Cancer Center, Institute of Surgical Research, Third Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Lan
- Cancer Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Jie Er Hospital), Chongqing 401120, P.R. China
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29
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Chen MK, Hsu JL, Hung MC. Nuclear receptor tyrosine kinase transport and functions in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 147:59-107. [PMID: 32593407 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Signaling functions of plasma membrane-localized receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been extensively studied after they were first described in the mid-1980s. Plasma membrane RTKs are activated by extracellular ligands and cellular stress stimuli, and regulate cellular responses by activating the downstream effector proteins to initiate a wide range of signaling cascades in the cells. However, increasing evidence indicates that RTKs can also be transported into the intracellular compartments where they phosphorylate traditional effector proteins and non-canonical substrate proteins. In general, internalization that retains the RTK's transmembrane domain begins with endocytosis, and endosomal RTK remains active before being recycled or degraded. Further RTK retrograde transport from endosome-Golgi-ER to the nucleus is primarily dependent on membranes vesicles and relies on the interaction with the COP-I vesicle complex, Sec61 translocon complex, and importin. Internalized RTKs have non-canonical substrates that include transcriptional co-factors and DNA damage response proteins, and many nuclear RTKs harbor oncogenic properties and can enhance cancer progression. Indeed, nuclear-localized RTKs have been shown to positively correlate with cancer recurrence, therapeutic resistance, and poor prognosis of cancer patients. Therefore, understanding the functions of nuclear RTKs and the mechanisms of nuclear RTK transport will further improve our knowledge to evaluate the potential of targeting nuclear RTKs or the proteins involved in their transport as new cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kuang Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer L Hsu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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30
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Mohd Yunos RI, Ab Mutalib NS, Tieng FYF, Abu N, Jamal R. Actionable Potentials of Less Frequently Mutated Genes in Colorectal Cancer and Their Roles in Precision Medicine. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030476. [PMID: 32245111 PMCID: PMC7175115 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Global statistics have placed colorectal cancer (CRC) as the third most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fourth principal cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Improving survival for CRC is as important as early detection. Personalized medicine is important in maximizing an individual's treatment success and minimizing the risk of adverse reactions. Approaches in achieving personalized therapy in CRC have included analyses of specific genes with its clinical implications. Tumour genotyping via next-generation sequencing has become a standard practice to guide clinicians into predicting tumor behaviour, disease prognosis, and treatment response. Nevertheless, better prognostic markers are necessary to further stratify patients for personalized treatment plans. The discovery of new markers remains indispensable in providing the most effective chemotherapy in order to improve the outcomes of treatment and survival in CRC patients. This review aims to compile and discuss newly discovered, less frequently mutated genes in CRC. We also discuss how these mutations are being used to assist therapeutic decisions and their potential prospective clinical utilities. In addition, we will summarize the importance of profiling the large genomic rearrangements, gene amplification, and large deletions and how these alterations may assist in determining the best treatment option for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rahman Jamal
- Correspondence: (N.S.A.M.); (R.J.); Tel.: +60-3-91459073 (N.S.A.M.); +60-3-91459000 (R.J.)
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31
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Lang L, Shull AY, Teng Y. Interrupting the FGF19-FGFR4 Axis to Therapeutically Disrupt Cancer Progression. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:17-25. [PMID: 29557750 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666180319091731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coordination between the amplification of the fibroblast growth factor FGF19, overexpression of its corresponding receptor FGFR4, and hyperactivation of the downstream transmembrane enzyme β-klotho has been found to play pivotal roles in mediating tumor development and progression. Aberrant FGF19-FGFR4 signaling has been implicated in driving specific tumorigenic events including cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis resistance, and metastasis by activating a myriad of downstream signaling cascades. As an attractive target, several strategies implemented to disrupt the FGF19-FGFR4 axis have been developed in recent years, and FGF19-FGFR4 binding inhibitors are being intensely evaluated for their clinical use in treating FGF19-FGFR4 implicated cancers. Based on the established work, this review aims to detail how the FGF19-FGFR4 signaling pathway plays a vital role in cancer progression and why disrupting communication between FGF19 and FGFR4 serves as a promising therapeutic strategy for disrupting cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Lang
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Austin Y Shull
- Department of Biology, Presbyterian College, Clinton, SC 29325, United States
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
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32
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Ou L, He X, Liu N, Song Y, Li J, Gao L, Huang X, Deng Z, Wang X, Lin S. Sialylation of FGFR1 by ST6Gal‑I overexpression contributes to ovarian cancer cell migration and chemoresistance. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1449-1460. [PMID: 32016470 PMCID: PMC7003046 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) have been implicated in the malignant transformation and chemoresistance of epithelial ovarian cancer; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Increased sialyltransferase activity that enhances protein sialylation is an important post‑translational process promoting cancer progression and malignancy. In the present study, α2,6‑sialyltransferase (ST6Gal‑I) overexpression or knockdown cell lines were developed, and FGFR1 was examined to understand the effect of sialylation on migration and drug resistance, and the underlying mechanisms. It was identified that cells with ST6Gal‑I overexpression had increased cell viability and migratory ability upon serum deprivation. Moreover, ST6Gal‑I overexpression cells had strong resistance to paclitaxel, as demonstrated by low growth inhibition rate and cell apoptosis level. A mechanistic study showed that ST6Gal‑I overexpression induced high α2,6‑sialylation of FGFR1 and increased the expression of phospho‑ERK1/2 and phospho‑focal adhesion kinase. Further study demonstrated that the FGFR1 inhibitor PD173047 reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis; however, ST6Gal‑I overexpression decreased the anticancer effect of PD173047. In addition, ST6Gal‑I overexpression attenuated the effect of Adriamycin on cancer cells. Collectively, these results suggested that FGFR1 sialylation plays an important role in cell migration and drug chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ou
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xiuzhen He
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Naihua Liu
- Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Research Center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Yuwei Song
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Jinyuan Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Lvfen Gao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xinke Huang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zhendong Deng
- Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Research Center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
- Dr Xiaoyu Wang, Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Shaoqiang Lin
- Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Research Center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Shaoqiang Lin, Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Research Center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 19 Nonglinxia Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China, E-mail:
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33
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Ou L, He X, Liu N, Song Y, Li J, Gao L, Huang X, Deng Z, Wang X, Lin S. Sialylation of FGFR1 by ST6Gal‑I overexpression contributes to ovarian cancer cell migration and chemoresistance. Mol Med Rep 2020. [PMID: 32016470 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10951/html] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) have been implicated in the malignant transformation and chemoresistance of epithelial ovarian cancer; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Increased sialyltransferase activity that enhances protein sialylation is an important post‑translational process promoting cancer progression and malignancy. In the present study, α2,6‑sialyltransferase (ST6Gal‑I) overexpression or knockdown cell lines were developed, and FGFR1 was examined to understand the effect of sialylation on migration and drug resistance, and the underlying mechanisms. It was identified that cells with ST6Gal‑I overexpression had increased cell viability and migratory ability upon serum deprivation. Moreover, ST6Gal‑I overexpression cells had strong resistance to paclitaxel, as demonstrated by low growth inhibition rate and cell apoptosis level. A mechanistic study showed that ST6Gal‑I overexpression induced high α2,6‑sialylation of FGFR1 and increased the expression of phospho‑ERK1/2 and phospho‑focal adhesion kinase. Further study demonstrated that the FGFR1 inhibitor PD173047 reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis; however, ST6Gal‑I overexpression decreased the anticancer effect of PD173047. In addition, ST6Gal‑I overexpression attenuated the effect of Adriamycin on cancer cells. Collectively, these results suggested that FGFR1 sialylation plays an important role in cell migration and drug chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ou
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xiuzhen He
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Naihua Liu
- Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Research Center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Yuwei Song
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Jinyuan Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Lvfen Gao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xinke Huang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zhendong Deng
- Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Research Center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Shaoqiang Lin
- Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Research Center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
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34
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Zhou Y, Wu C, Lu G, Hu Z, Chen Q, Du X. FGF/FGFR signaling pathway involved resistance in various cancer types. J Cancer 2020; 11:2000-2007. [PMID: 32127928 PMCID: PMC7052940 DOI: 10.7150/jca.40531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance becomes major clinical issue in cancer treatment, which strongly limits patients to benefit from oncotherapy. Growing evidences have been indicative of the critical role of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/receptor (FGFR) signaling played in resistance to oncotherapy. In this review we discussed the underlying mechanisms of FGF/FGFR signaling mediated resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and target therapy in various cancers. Meanwhile, we summarized the reported mechanism of FGF/FGFR inhibitors resistance in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Chengyu Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Guangrong Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China)
| | - Zijing Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Qiuxiang Chen
- Department of Ultrasonic Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaojing Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
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35
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Luo J, Zhang S, Tan M, Li J, Xu H, Tan Y, Huang Y. Targeted molecular profiling of genetic alterations in colorectal cancer using next-generation sequencing. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:1137-1144. [PMID: 31966042 PMCID: PMC6955650 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major contributor to cancer-associated mortality in China and remains a vast challenge worldwide. Although the genetic basis of CRC has been investigated, the uncommonly mutated genes in CRC remain unknown, in particular in the Asian population. In the present study, targeted region sequencing on 22 CRC and 10 paired non-cancerous tissues was performed to determine the genetic pattern of CRC samples in the Chinese population. Driver genes were detected by three distinct softwares, including MutSigCV, oncodriveFM and iCAGES. A total of 1,335 reliable somatic mutations were identified in tumour samples compared with normal samples. Furthermore, mismatch repair (MMR) mutant patients presented significantly higher mutation density compared with MMR wild-type patients. The results from MutSigCV, oncodriveFM and iCAGES analyses simultaneously detected 29 unique driver genes. In addition, the genes APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway, SMAD family member 4, neurofibromin 1, AT-rich interaction domain 5B and nuclear receptor corepressor 1 were the top five most frequently mutated genes in CRC samples, with mutation rates of 68, 36, 36, 32 and 27%, respectively. The findings from the present study may therefore serve as a basis for future investigation on the diagnosis and oncogenesis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sanming First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian 365000, P.R. China
| | - Shengjun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sanming First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian 365000, P.R. China
| | - Meihua Tan
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Huadong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sanming First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian 365000, P.R. China
| | - Yanfei Tan
- Institute of Stem Cell Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sanming First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian 365000, P.R. China
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36
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Li X, Qiu S, Shi J, Wang S, Wang M, Xu Y, Nie Z, Liu C, Liu C. A new function of copper zinc superoxide dismutase: as a regulatory DNA-binding protein in gene expression in response to intracellular hydrogen peroxide. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:5074-5085. [PMID: 31162603 PMCID: PMC6547762 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In microorganisms, a number of metalloproteins including PerR are found to regulate gene expression in response to environmental reactive oxygen species (ROS) changes. However, discovery of similar regulatory mechanisms remains elusive within mammalian cells. As an antioxidant metalloenzyme that maintains intracellular ROS homeostasis, copper zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) has high affinity for DNA in solution and in cells. Here, we explored the regulatory roles of SOD1 in the expression of genes in response to ROS changes within mammalian cells. SOD1-occupied DNA sites with distinct sequence preference were identified. Changing ROS levels both were found to impact DNA-SOD1 interactions in solution and within HeLa cells. GGA was one of the base triplets that had direct contact with SOD1. DNA-SOD1 interactions were observed to regulate the ROS-responsive expression of functional genes including oncogenes and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-linked genes in transcriptional phases. Our results confirm another function of SOD1, acting as a H2O2-responsive regulatory protein in the expression of numerous mammalian genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jiayuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Mingfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zefeng Nie
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chunrong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Changlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
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37
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Quintanal-Villalonga A, Ferrer I, Molina-Pinelo S, Paz-Ares L. A patent review of FGFR4 selective inhibition in cancer (2007-2018). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:429-438. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1624720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Ferrer
- CNIO-H12O Lung Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica i+12 & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Molina-Pinelo
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- CNIO-H12O Lung Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica i+12 & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Medical School, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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38
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Dianat-Moghadam H, Teimoori-Toolabi L. Implications of Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) in Cancer: From Prognostic to Therapeutic Applications. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 20:852-870. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190112145409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are pleiotropic molecules exerting autocrine, intracrine
and paracrine functions via activating four tyrosine kinase FGF receptors (FGFR), which further trigger
a variety of cellular processes including angiogenesis, evasion from apoptosis, bone formation,
embryogenesis, wound repair and homeostasis. Four major mechanisms including angiogenesis, inflammation,
cell proliferation, and metastasis are active in FGF/FGFR-driven tumors. Furthermore,
gain-of-function or loss-of-function in FGFRs1-4 which is due to amplification, fusions, mutations,
and changes in tumor–stromal cells interactions, is associated with the development and progression
of cancer. Although, the developed small molecule or antibodies targeting FGFR signaling offer immense
potential for cancer therapy, emergence of drug resistance, activation of compensatory pathways
and systemic toxicity of modulators are bottlenecks in clinical application of anti-FGFRs. In this
review, we present FGF/FGFR structure and the mechanisms of its function, as well as cross-talks
with other nodes and/or signaling pathways. We describe deregulation of FGF/FGFR-related mechanisms
in human disease and tumor progression leading to the presentation of emerging therapeutic approaches,
resistance to FGFR targeting, and clinical potentials of individual FGF family in several
human cancers. Additionally, the underlying biological mechanisms of FGF/FGFR signaling, besides
several attempts to develop predictive biomarkers and combination therapies for different cancers
have been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Dianat-Moghadam
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Teimoori-Toolabi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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39
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García-Aranda M, Redondo M. Targeting Receptor Kinases in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040433. [PMID: 30934752 PMCID: PMC6521260 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy in men and the second most common cancer in women. Despite the success of screening programs and the development of adjuvant therapies, the global burden of colorectal cancer is expected to increase by 60% to more than 2.2 million new cases and 1.1 million deaths by 2030. In recent years, a great effort has been made to demonstrate the utility of protein kinase inhibitors for cancer treatment. Considering this heterogeneous disease is defined by mutations that activate different Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) and affect downstream components of RTK-activated transduction pathways, in this review we analyze the potential utility of different kinase inhibitors for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilina García-Aranda
- Research Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol. Autovía A7, km 187. 29603 Marbella, Málaga, Spain.
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Maximino Redondo
- Research Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol. Autovía A7, km 187. 29603 Marbella, Málaga, Spain.
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain.
- Facultad de Medicina, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
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Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 Targeting in Cancer: New Insights into Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010031. [PMID: 30634399 PMCID: PMC6356571 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), a tyrosine kinase receptor for FGFs, is involved in diverse cellular processes, including the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, metabolism, and bile acid biosynthesis. High activation of FGFR4 is strongly associated with the amplification of its specific ligand FGF19 in many types of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, where it acts as an oncogene driving the cancer development and progression. Currently, the development and therapeutic evaluation of FGFR4-specific inhibitors, such as BLU9931 and H3B-6527, in animal models and cancer patients, are paving the way to suppress hyperactive FGFR4 signaling in cancer. This comprehensive review not only covers the recent discoveries in understanding FGFR4 regulation and function in cancer, but also reveals the therapeutic implications and applications regarding emerging anti-FGFR4 agents. Our aim is to pinpoint the potential of FGFR4 as a therapeutic target and identify new avenues for advancing future research in the field.
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41
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Predicting response to BET inhibitors using computational modeling: A BEAT AML project study. Leuk Res 2019; 77:42-50. [PMID: 30642575 PMCID: PMC6442457 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), overall survival rates remain low. The ability to predict treatment response based on individual cancer genomics using computational modeling will aid in the development of novel therapeutics and personalize care. Here, we used a combination of genomics, computational biology modeling (CBM), ex vivo chemosensitivity assay, and clinical data from 100 randomly selected patients in the Beat AML project to characterize AML sensitivity to a bromodomain (BRD) and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitor. Computational biology modeling was used to generate patient-specific protein network maps of activated and inactivated protein pathways translated from each genomic profile. Digital drug simulations of a BET inhibitor (JQ1) were conducted by quantitatively measuring drug effect using a composite AML disease inhibition score. 93% of predicted disease inhibition scores matched the associated ex vivo IC50 value. Sensitivity and specificity of CBM predictions were 97.67%, and 64.29%, respectively. Genomic predictors of response were identified. Patient samples harbouring chromosomal aberrations del(7q) or −7, +8, or del(5q) and somatic mutations causing ERK pathway dysregulation, responded to JQ1 in both in silico and ex vivo assays. This study shows how a combination of genomics, computational modeling and chemosensitivity testing can identify network signatures associating with treatment response and can inform priority populations for future clinical trials of BET inhibitors.
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42
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Koç E, Çelik-Uzuner S, Uzuner U, Çakmak R. The Detailed Comparison of Cell Death Detected by Annexin V-PI Counterstain Using Fluorescence Microscope, Flow Cytometry and Automated Cell Counter in Mammalian and Microalgae Cells. J Fluoresc 2018; 28:1393-1404. [PMID: 30343360 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-018-2306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of cell wellness is an important task for molecular biology research. This mainly comprises the assessment for morphology and viability of culturing cells. Annexin V-Propidium iodide counterstaining has been currently one of the common and easy methods to discriminate apoptotic and necrotic cell profiles. The method is operated by fluorescence-based detection of counterstain via laser beam-employed instruments including flow cytometer, fluorescence microscope and automated cell counter. The detection is primarily conducted based on the same principle; however the efficiency of instruments may vary. Here we evaluated the efficiency of those instruments for the clear-cut detection of cell death through various mammalian and microalgae cell lines. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study revealing comparative analyses of apoptotic and necrotic cells in mammalian and microalgae cells using Annexin V-PI counterstain detected by flow cytometer, fluorescence microscope and automated cell counter. Fluorescence microscope and cell counter instruments were also tested and compared for the traditional trypan blue-based cell viability detection performance. For these, cell death was induced by UV-irradiation and/or bee venom for mammalian (pancreatic cancer, metastatic breast cancer and mouse fibroblasts) and microalgae cells (Chlorella vulgaris), respectfully. Findings postulated that automated cell counter and fluorescence microscopy revealed similar patterns for the detection by both counterstain and trypan blue in mammalian cells. Interestingly, flow cytometry did provide an accurate and significant detection for only one mammalian cell line when UV-treatment was followed by routine Annexin V-Propidium iodide counterstaining. Unlike, only flow cytometry revealed a significant change in the detection of death of microalgae cells by Annexin V-Propidium iodide method, but both Annexin and conventional trypan blue methods were not applicable for the automated cell counter and microscopic detections for microalgae cells. The related outputs propose that the obtaining reliable quantitation strongly depends on cell type and instruments used. These suggest the necessity of optimization and validation endeavors before any cell death detection initiative. The analytical outcomes present insights into detailed assessment of cell death detection of eukaryotic cells and provide a direction to researchers to consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Koç
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Selcen Çelik-Uzuner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Uğur Uzuner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Çakmak
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
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43
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Abstract
FGF19 is a noncanonical FGF ligand that can control a broad spectrum of physiological responses, which include bile acid homeostasis, liver metabolism and glucose uptake. Many of these responses are mediated by FGF19 binding to its FGFR4/β-klotho receptor complex and controlling activation of an array of intracellular signaling events. Overactivation of the FGF19/FGFR4 axis has been implicated in tumorigenic formation, progression and metastasis, and inhibitors of this axis have recently been developed for single agent use or in combination with other anticancer drugs. Considering the critical role of this receptor complex in cancer, this review focuses on recent developments and applications of FGF19/FGFR4-targeted therapeutics.
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44
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Xing L, Sun L, Liu S, Li X, Zhang L, Yang H. De Novo assembly and comparative transcriptome analyses of purple and green morphs of Apostichopus japonicus during body wall pigmentation process. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 28:151-161. [PMID: 30241009 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Pigmentation processes provide a traceable and relevant trait for understanding key issues in evolutionary biology such as adaptation, speciation and the maintenance of balanced polymorphisms. The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, which has nutritive and medical properties, is considered the most valuable commercial species in many parts of Asia. Compared with the green morph, the purple morph is rare and has great appeal to consumers. However, little is currently known about the molecular mechanism of body color formation in A. japonicus, even in echinoderm. Here, we employ illumina sequencing to examine expression patterns of the gene network underlying body wall development in purple and green morphs of A. japonicus. Overall, the number of down-regulated genes in the green morph was significantly more than in the purple morph during the pigmentation stage. We observed dynamic expression patterns of a large number of pigment, regulation and growth genes from the "Melanogenesis", "Melanoma", "Wnt signaling pathway", "Notch signaling pathway", "epithelium development", "epidermal growth factor receptor binding","growth factor activity" and "growth", including contrasting expression patterns of these genes in green and purple morph. This study provides comprehensive lists of differentially expressed genes during body wall development in the green and purple morphs, revealing potential candidate genes that may be involved in regulating body color formation and polymorphism. These data will provide valuable information for future genetic studies on sea cucumbers elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying pigmentation, and may support the culture of desirable color morphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lina Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Shilin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoni Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongsheng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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45
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Yamazaki H, Yokose T, Hayashi H, Iwasaki H, Osanai S, Suganuma N, Nakayama H, Masudo K, Rino Y, Masuda M. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and clinical response to lenvatinib in patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 82:649-654. [PMID: 30051190 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in the development, growth, and metastasis of carcinomas, and studies have reported conflicting evidence regarding the VEGFR expression in anaplastic thyroid cancer. We investigated the expression of VEGFR2 in patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) and analyzed the clinical response to the VEGFR inhibitor lenvatinib. METHODS This cross-sectional study included primary tumor samples obtained from 12 patients with ATC, including 5 males and 7 females (age range 63-89 years) who underwent surgery or core needle biopsy for a thyroid tumor in the Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery at Kanagawa Cancer Center in Kanagawa, Japan. VEGFR2 protein expression in the ATC samples was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in all patients, and the therapeutic effect of lenvatinib was evaluated in seven patients who underwent tissue biopsy and lesion evaluation. RESULTS VEGFR expression was not detected in any of the samples from the 12 patients. Four of the 12 patients treated with lenvatinib had partial response, the three patients achieved stable disease, and the five patients were not examined. CONCLUSIONS There was no correlation between the expression of VEGFR2 in tumor tissue and the clinical response to lenvatinib among patients with ATC. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism underlying the response to lenvatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Yamazaki
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahiku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Yokose
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahiku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahiku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Iwasaki
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahiku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sachie Osanai
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahiku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyasu Suganuma
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahiku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nakayama
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawaku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Masudo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minamiku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasushi Rino
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawaku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Munetaka Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawaku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
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Forkhead box C1 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis through transactivating ITGA7 and FGFR4 expression. Oncogene 2018; 37:5477-5491. [PMID: 29884889 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0355-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer death worldwide; however, the molecular mechanism underlying CRC metastasis remains unknown. Using an integrated approach, we identified forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) as a novel regulator of CRC metastasis. Elevated expression of FOXC1 is significantly correlated with metastasis, recurrence and reduced survival. FOXC1 overexpression promotes CRC invasion and lung metastasis, whereas FOXC1 knockdown has the opposite effect. In addition, FOXC1 directly binds its target genes integrin α7 (ITGA7) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) and activates their expression. Genetic epistasis analysis confirmed that ITGA7 and FGFR4 act downstream of FOXC1. Furthermore, pharmaceutical inhibition of FGFR4 can reverse CRC metastasis mediated by FOXC1 overexpression. These results suggest that FOXC1 is a prognostic biomarker in CRC patients and targeting the FGFR4 signaling pathway may provide a promising strategy for the treatment of FOXC1-driven CRC metastasis.
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47
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Cha Y, Kim HP, Lim Y, Han SW, Song SH, Kim TY. FGFR2 amplification is predictive of sensitivity to regorafenib in gastric and colorectal cancers in vitro. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:993-1003. [PMID: 29573334 PMCID: PMC6026866 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although regorafenib has demonstrated survival benefits in patients with metastatic colorectal and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, no proven biomarker has been identified for predicting sensitivity to regorafenib. Here, we investigated preclinical activity of regorafenib in gastric and colorectal cancer cells to identify genetic alterations associated with sensitivity to regorafenib. Mutation profiles and copy number assays of regorafenib target molecules indicated that amplification of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) was the only genetic alteration associated with in vitro sensitivity to regorafenib. Regorafenib effectively inhibited phosphorylation of FGFR2 and its downstream signaling molecules in a dose-dependent manner and selectively in FGFR2-amplified cells. Regorafenib induced G1 arrest (SNU-16, KATO-III) and apoptosis (NCI-H716); however, no significant changes were seen in cell lines without FGFR2 amplification. In SNU-16 mice xenografts, regorafenib significantly inhibited tumor growth, proliferation, and FGFR signaling compared to treatment with control vehicle. Regorafenib effectively abrogates activated FGFR2 signaling in FGFR2-amplified gastric and colorectal cancer and, therefore, might be considered for integration into treatment in patients with FGFR2-amplified gastric and colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Cha
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
| | - Hwang-Phill Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - Yoojoo Lim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
| | - Sae-Won Han
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Song
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - Tae-You Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Korea
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48
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Shi Y, Huang XX, Chen GB, Wang Y, Zhi Q, Liu YS, Wu XL, Wang LF, Yang B, Xiao CX, Xing HQ, Ren JL, Xia Y, Guleng B. Dragon (RGMb) induces oxaliplatin resistance in colon cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48027-48037. [PMID: 27384995 PMCID: PMC5216997 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and a major cause of cancer mortality. Chemotherapy resistance remains a major challenge for treating advanced CRC. Therefore, the identification of targets that induce drug resistance is a priority for the development of novel agents to overcome resistance. Dragon (also known as RGMb) is a member of the repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) family. We previously showed that Dragon expression increases with CRC progression in human patients. In the present study, we found that Dragon inhibited apoptosis and increased viability of CMT93 and HCT116 cells in the presence of oxaliplatin. Dragon induced resistance of xenograft tumor to oxaliplatinin treatment in mice. Mechanistically, Dragon inhibited oxaliplatin-induced JNK and p38 MAPK activation, and caspase-3 and PARP cleavages. Our results indicate that Dragon may be a novel target that induces drug resistance in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guo-Bin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiang Zhi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuan-Sheng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li-Fen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chuan-Xing Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hui-Qin Xing
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jian-Lin Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yin Xia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bayasi Guleng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Tiong KH, Tan BS, Choo HL, Chung FFL, Hii LW, Tan SH, Khor NTW, Wong SF, See SJ, Tan YF, Rosli R, Cheong SK, Leong CO. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) autocrine enhance breast cancer cells survival. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57633-57650. [PMID: 27192118 PMCID: PMC5295378 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancer is an aggressive tumor subtype with poor prognosis. The discovery of underlying mechanisms mediating tumor cell survival, and the development of novel agents to target these pathways, is a priority for patients with basal-like breast cancer. From a functional screen to identify key drivers of basal-like breast cancer cell growth, we identified fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) as a potential mediator of cell survival. We found that FGFR4 mediates cancer cell survival predominantly via activation of PI3K/AKT. Importantly, a subset of basal-like breast cancer cells also secrete fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), a canonical ligand specific for FGFR4. siRNA-mediated silencing of FGF19 or neutralization of extracellular FGF19 by anti-FGF19 antibody (1A6) decreases AKT phosphorylation, suppresses cancer cell growth and enhances doxorubicin sensitivity only in the FGFR4+/FGF19+ breast cancer cells. Consistently, FGFR4/FGF19 co-expression was also observed in 82 out of 287 (28.6%) primary breast tumors, and their expression is strongly associated with AKT phosphorylation, Ki-67 staining, higher tumor stage and basal-like phenotype. In summary, our results demonstrated the presence of an FGFR4/FGF19 autocrine signaling that mediates the survival of a subset of basal-like breast cancer cells and suggest that inactivation of this autocrine loop may potentially serve as a novel therapeutic intervention for future treatment of breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hung Tiong
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Boon Shing Tan
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heng Lungh Choo
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Felicia Fei-Lei Chung
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ling-Wei Hii
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Si Hoey Tan
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nelson Tze Woei Khor
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shew Fung Wong
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Jia See
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yuen-Fen Tan
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Rosli
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soon-Keng Cheong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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50
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Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 induced resistance to radiation therapy in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:69976-69990. [PMID: 27650548 PMCID: PMC5342528 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In colorectal cancer (CRC), fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) is upregulated and acts as an oncogene. This study investigated the impact of this receptor on the response to neoadjuvant radiotherapy by analyzing its levels in rectal tumors of patients with different responses to the therapy. Cellular mechanisms of FGFR4-induced radioresistance were analyzed by silencing or over-expressing FGFR4 in CRC cell line models. Our findings showed that the FGFR4 staining score was significantly higher in pre-treatment biopsies of non-responsive than responsive patients. Similarly, high expression of FGFR4 inhibited radiation response in cell line models. Silencing or inhibition of FGFR4 resulted in a reduction of RAD51 levels and decreased survival in radioresistant HT29 cells. Increased RAD51 expression rescued cells in the siFGFR4-group. In radiosensitive SW480 and DLD1 cells, enforced expression of FGFR4 stabilized RAD51 protein levels resulting in enhanced clearance of γ-H2AX foci and increased cell survival in the mismatch repair (MMR)-proficient SW480 cells. MMR-deficient DLD1 cells are defective in homologous recombination repair and no FGFR4-induced radioresistance was observed. Based on our results, FGFR4 may serve as a predictive marker to select CRC patients with MMR-proficient tumors who may benefit from pre-operative radiotherapy.
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