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Ding LY, Chang CJ, Chen SY, Chen KL, Li YS, Wu YC, Hsu TY, Ying HY, Wu HY, Hughes MW, Wang CY, Chang CH, Tang MJ, Chuang WJ, Shan YS, Chang CJ, Huang PH. Stromal Rigidity Stress Accelerates Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia Progression and Chromosomal Instability via Nuclear Protein Tyrosine Kinase 2 Localization. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:1346-1373. [PMID: 38631549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Because the mechanotransduction by stromal stiffness stimulates the rupture and repair of the nuclear envelope in pancreatic progenitor cells, accumulated genomic aberrations are under selection in the tumor microenvironment. Analysis of cell growth, micronuclei, and phosphorylated Ser-139 residue of the histone variant H2AX (γH2AX) foci linked to mechanotransduction pressure in vivo during serial orthotopic passages of mouse KrasLSL-G12D/+;Trp53flox/flox;Pdx1-Cre (KPC) cancer cells in the tumor and in migrating through the size-restricted 3-μm micropores. To search for pancreatic cancer cell-of-origin, analysis of single-cell data sets revealed that the extracellular matrix shaped an alternate route of acinar-ductal transdifferentiation of acinar cells into topoisomerase II α (TOP2A)-overexpressing cancer cells and derived subclusters with copy number amplifications in MYC-PTK2 (protein tyrosine kinase 2) locus and PIK3CA. High-PTK2 expression is associated with 171 differentially methylated CpG loci, 319 differentially expressed genes, and poor overall survival in The Cancer Genome Atlas-Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma cohort. Abolished RGD-integrin signaling by disintegrin KG blocked the PTK2 phosphorylation, increased cancer apoptosis, decreased vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (VAV1) expression, and prolonged overall survival in the KPC mice. Reduction of α-smooth muscle actin deposition in the CD248 knockout KPC mice remodeled the tissue stroma and down-regulated TOP2A expression in the epithelium. In summary, stromal stiffness induced the onset of cancer cells-of-origin by ectopic TOP2A expression, and the genomic amplification of MYC-PTK2 locus via alternative transdifferentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells is the vulnerability useful for disintegrin KG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yun Ding
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Ying Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Shan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chieh Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yi Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Ying
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Wu
- Instrumentation Center, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael W Hughes
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yih Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Han Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jer Tang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Jer Chuang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Center of Cell Therapy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Center of Cell Therapy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Hsien Huang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Weidle UH, Birzele F. Deregulated circRNAs in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer With Activity in Preclinical In Vivo Models: Identification of Targets and New Modalities for Therapeutic Intervention. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2024; 21:213-237. [PMID: 38670587 PMCID: PMC11059596 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is associated with a dismal prognosis due to development of resistance to chemotherapy and metastasis in the peritoneal cavity and distant organs. In order to identify new targets and treatment modalities we searched the literature for up- and and down-regulated circRNAs with efficacy in preclinical EOC-related in vivo systems. Our search yielded circRNAs falling into the following categories: cisplatin and paclitaxel resistance, transmembrane receptors, secreted factors, transcription factors, RNA splicing and processing factors, RAS pathway-related components, proteolysis and cell-cycle regulation, signaling-related proteins, and circRNAs regulating proteins in additional categories. These findings can be potentially translated by validation and manipulation of the corresponding targets, inhibition of circRNAs with antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), small interfering RNAs (siRNA) or small hairpin RNA (shRNA) or by reconstituting their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany;
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Sanz B, Seco-Calvo J. The Mechanisms of Regulated Cell Death: Structural and Functional Proteomic Pathways Induced or Inhibited by a Specific Protein-A Narrative Review. Proteomes 2024; 12:3. [PMID: 38250814 PMCID: PMC10801515 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes12010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Billions of cells die in us every hour, and our tissues do not shrink because there is a natural regulation where Cell Death (CD) is balanced with cell division. The process in which cells eliminate themselves in a controlled manner is called Programmed Cell Death (PCD). The PCD plays an important role during embryonic development, in maintaining homeostasis of the body's tissues, and in the elimination of damaged cells, under a wide range of physiological and developmental stimuli. A multitude of protein mediators of PCD have been identified and signals have been found to utilize common pathways elucidating the proteins involved. This narrative review focuses on caspase-dependent and caspase-independent PCD pathways. Included are studies of caspase-dependent PCD such as Anoikis, Catastrophe Mitotic, Pyroptosis, Emperitosis, Parthanatos and Cornification, and Caspase-Independent PCD as Wallerian Degeneration, Ferroptosis, Paraptosis, Entosis, Methuosis, and Extracellular Trap Abnormal Condition (ETosis), as well as neutrophil extracellular trap abnormal condition (NETosis) and Eosinophil Extracellular Trap Abnormal Condition (EETosis). Understanding PCD from those reported in this review could shed substantial light on the processes of biological homeostasis. In addition, identifying specific proteins involved in these processes is mandatory to identify molecular biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets. This knowledge could provide the ability to modulate the PCD response and could lead to new therapeutic interventions in a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernández-Lázaro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42004 Soria, Spain
- Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- SARCELLOMICS® Research Group, 27071 León, Spain
| | - Begoña Sanz
- SARCELLOMICS® Research Group, 27071 León, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Jesús Seco-Calvo
- SARCELLOMICS® Research Group, 27071 León, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 27071 León, Spain
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Choi H, Kang M, Lee KH, Kim YS. Elevated level of PLRG1 is critical for the proliferation and maintenance of genome stability of tumor cells. BMB Rep 2023; 56:612-617. [PMID: 37817442 PMCID: PMC10689083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleiotropic regulator 1 (PLRG1), a highly conserved element in the spliceosome, can form a NineTeen Complex (NTC) with Prp19, SPF27, and CDC5L. This complex plays crucial roles in both pre-mRNA splicing and DNA repair processes. Here, we provide evidence that PLRG1 has a multifaceted impact on cancer cell proliferation. Comparing its expression levels in cancer and normal cells, we observed that PLRG1 was upregulated in various tumor tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of PLRG1 resulted in tumor-specific cell death. Depletion of PLRG1 had notable effects, including mitotic arrest, microtubule instability, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and accumulation of autophagy, ultimately culminating in apoptosis. Our results also demonstrated that PLRG1 downregulation contributed to DNA damage in cancer cells, which we confirmed through experimental validation as DNA repair impairment. Interestingly, when PLRG1 was decreased in normal cells, it induced G1 arrest as a self-protective mechanism, distinguishing it from effects observed in cancer cells. These results highlight multifaceted impacts of PLRG1 in cancer and underscore its potential as a novel anti-cancer strategy by selectively targeting cancer cells. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(11): 612-617].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Choi
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | | | - Kee-Ho Lee
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Yeon-Soo Kim
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- R&D Center, artiCure Inc., Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Chen G, Wei RS, Ma J, Li XH, Feng L, Yu JR. FOXA1 prolongs S phase and promotes cancer progression in non-small cell lung cancer through upregulation of CDC5L and activation of the ERK1/2 and JAK2 pathways. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:1077-1086. [PMID: 37658700 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) causes high mortality worldwide; however, its molecular pathways have not been fully investigated. The relationship between FOXA1 and CDC5L as well as their roles in NSCLC have not been comprehensively studied. Clinical tissues were collected from 78 NSCLC patients for clinical studies. The BEAS-2B human normal lung epithelial cell line and the A549, Calu-3, H526 and H2170 human NSCLC cell lines were used for in vitro studies. sh-FOXA1 and oe-CDC5L constructs were used to generate knockdown and overexpression models, respectively. The CCK-8 assay was used to analyze cell viability. The cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. The relationship between FOXA1 and CDC5L was demonstrated using dual-luciferase and ChIP assays. Gene levels were examined via immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. FOXA1 levels were increased in NSCLC clinical tissues and cell lines. Depletion of FOXA1 increased the apoptosis rate and increased the proportion of cells in G2/M phase. In addition, we demonstrated that FOXA1 was directly bound to the promoter of CDC5L and that depletion of FOXA1 inhibited CDC5L expression. Overexpression of CDC5L induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, induced JAK2 phosphorylation, inhibited cell apoptosis, prolonged S phase, and significantly reversed the effects of FOXA1 knockdown on the progression of NSCLC. The present study demonstrated that FOXA1 prolongs S phase and promotes NSCLC progression through upregulation of CDC5L and activation of the ERK1/2 and JAK2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Shi Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changzhou City Fourth People's Hospital/Changzhou Cancer Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hua Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changzhou City Fourth People's Hospital/Changzhou Cancer Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Rong Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changzhou City Fourth People's Hospital/Changzhou Cancer Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Fu L, Xu S, Zhou Y, Huang J, Qiu J, Huang P. Knockdown of LncRNA DICER1-AS1 arrests the cell cycle, inhibits cell proliferation, and induces cell apoptosis by regulating CDC5L nuclear transfer in osteosarcoma. Connect Tissue Res 2023; 64:519-531. [PMID: 37310074 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2023.2223289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DICER1-AS1 is reported to promote the progression and disturb the cell cycle in osteosarcoma; however, its mechanism has rarely been studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS DICER1-AS1 expression levels were evaluated by qPCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The total, nuclear, and cytosolic levels of CDC5L were measured by western blotting and immunofluorescence (IF). Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle analyses were conducted using the colony formation, CCK-8 assay, terminal transferase-mediated UTP nick end-labeling kit (TUNEL) assay, and flow cytometry. Levels of cell proliferation-, cell cycle-, and cell apoptosis-related proteins were determined by western blotting. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assays were conducted to evaluate the relationship between DICER1-AS1 and CDC5L. RESULTS LncRNA DICER1-AS1 was highly expressed in samples of osteosarcoma tissue and in osteosarcoma cell lines. DICER1-AS1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis, and disturbed the cell cycle. Moreover, DICER1-AS1 was found to bind with CDC5L, and knockdown of DICER-AS1 inhibited the nuclear transfer of CDC5L. DICER1-AS1 knockdown also reversed the effects of CDC5L overexpression on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the cell cycle. Moreover, CDC5L inhibition suppressed cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis, and disturbed the cell cycle, and those effects were further enhanced by DICER1-AS1 knockdown. Finally, DICER1-AS knockdown inhibited tumor growth and proliferation, and promoted cell apoptosis in vivo. CONCLUSION LncRNA DICER1-AS1 knockdown inhibits the nuclear transfer of CDC5L protein, arrests the cell cycle, and induces apoptosis to suppress the development of osteosarcoma. Our results suggest a novel target (DICER1-AS1) for treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laihua Fu
- National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Songfeng Xu
- National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingyang Huang
- National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin Qiu
- National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengzhou Huang
- National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
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Montero-Hidalgo AJ, Pérez-Gómez JM, Martínez-Fuentes AJ, Gómez-Gómez E, Gahete MD, Jiménez-Vacas JM, Luque RM. Alternative splicing in bladder cancer: potential strategies for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1760. [PMID: 36063028 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract worldwide. The therapeutic options to tackle this disease comprise surgery, intravesical or systemic chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Unfortunately, a wide number of patients ultimately become resistant to these treatments and develop aggressive metastatic disease, presenting a poor prognosis. Therefore, the identification of novel therapeutic approaches to tackle this devastating pathology is urgently needed. However, a significant limitation is that the progression and drug response of bladder cancer is strongly associated with its intrinsic molecular heterogeneity. In this sense, RNA splicing is recently gaining importance as a critical hallmark of cancer since can have a significant clinical value. In fact, a profound dysregulation of the splicing process has been reported in bladder cancer, especially in the expression of certain key splicing variants and circular RNAs with a potential clinical value as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets in this pathology. Indeed, some authors have already evidenced a profound antitumor effect by targeting some splicing factors (e.g., PTBP1), mRNA splicing variants (e.g., PKM2, HYAL4-v1), and circular RNAs (e.g., circITCH, circMYLK), which illustrates new possibilities to significantly improve the management of this pathology. This review represents the first detailed overview of the splicing process and its alterations in bladder cancer, and highlights opportunities for the development of novel diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and their clinical potential for the treatment of this devastating cancer type. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Montero-Hidalgo
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Jesús M Pérez-Gómez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Antonio J Martínez-Fuentes
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gómez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Urology Service, HURS/IMIBIC, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Juan M Jiménez-Vacas
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
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Olthof AM, White AK, Kanadia RN. The emerging significance of splicing in vertebrate development. Development 2022; 149:dev200373. [PMID: 36178052 PMCID: PMC9641660 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Splicing is a crucial regulatory node of gene expression that has been leveraged to expand the proteome from a limited number of genes. Indeed, the vast increase in intron number that accompanied vertebrate emergence might have aided the evolution of developmental and organismal complexity. Here, we review how animal models for core spliceosome components have provided insights into the role of splicing in vertebrate development, with a specific focus on neuronal, neural crest and skeletal development. To this end, we also discuss relevant spliceosomopathies, which are developmental disorders linked to mutations in spliceosome subunits. Finally, we discuss potential mechanisms that could underlie the tissue-specific phenotypes often observed upon spliceosome inhibition and identify gaps in our knowledge that, we hope, will inspire further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk M. Olthof
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Alisa K. White
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Rahul N. Kanadia
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Osadska M, Selicky T, Kretova M, Jurcik J, Sivakova B, Cipakova I, Cipak L. The Interplay of Cohesin and RNA Processing Factors: The Impact of Their Alterations on Genome Stability. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3939. [PMID: 35409298 PMCID: PMC8999970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohesin, a multi-subunit protein complex, plays important roles in sister chromatid cohesion, DNA replication, chromatin organization, gene expression, transcription regulation, and the recombination or repair of DNA damage. Recently, several studies suggested that the functions of cohesin rely not only on cohesin-related protein-protein interactions, their post-translational modifications or specific DNA modifications, but that some RNA processing factors also play an important role in the regulation of cohesin functions. Therefore, the mutations and changes in the expression of cohesin subunits or alterations in the interactions between cohesin and RNA processing factors have been shown to have an impact on cohesion, the fidelity of chromosome segregation and, ultimately, on genome stability. In this review, we provide an overview of the cohesin complex and its role in chromosome segregation, highlight the causes and consequences of mutations and changes in the expression of cohesin subunits, and discuss the RNA processing factors that participate in the regulation of the processes involved in chromosome segregation. Overall, an understanding of the molecular determinants of the interplay between cohesin and RNA processing factors might help us to better understand the molecular mechanisms ensuring the integrity of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Osadska
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.O.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Tomas Selicky
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.O.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Miroslava Kretova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.O.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Jan Jurcik
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.O.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Barbara Sivakova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Ingrid Cipakova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.O.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Lubos Cipak
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.O.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (J.J.)
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Bao Z, Zhu Y, Zhang K, Feng Y, Zhang M, Li R, Yu L. New insights into phenotypic heterogeneity for the distinct lipid accumulation of Schizochytrium sp. H016. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:33. [PMID: 35337369 PMCID: PMC8957170 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02126-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizochytrium sp. is a marine heterotrophic protist and an important sustainable resource for high value-added docosahexaenoic acid in the future. The production of different phenotypes during the continuous subculture of Schizochytrium sp. results in a serious reduction in lipid yield and complicates the used of this strain in scientific research and industrial production. Hence, obtaining an improved understanding of the phenotypic differences and molecular mechanisms underlying the cell-to-cell heterogeneity of Schizochytrium sp. is necessary. RESULTS After continuous culture passage, Schizochytrium sp. H016 differentiated into two subpopulations with different morphologies and showed decreased capacity for lipid production. The presence of cell subpopulations with degraded lipid droplets led to a substantial decrease in overall lipid yield. Here, a rapid screening strategy based on fluorescence-activated cell sorting was proposed to classify and isolate subpopulations quickly in accordance with their lipid-producing capability. The final biomass and lipid yield of the subpopulation with high cell lipid content (i.e., H016-H) were 38.83 and 17.22 g/L, respectively, which were 2.07- and 5.38-fold higher than those of the subpopulation with low lipid content (i.e., H016-L), respectively. Subsequently, time‑resolved transcriptome analysis was performed to elucidate the mechanism of phenotypic heterogeneity in different subpopulations. Results showed that the expression of genes related to the cell cycle and lipid degradation was significantly upregulated in H016-L, whereas the metabolic pathways related to fatty acid synthesis and glyceride accumulation were remarkably upregulated in H016-H. CONCLUSION This study innovatively used flow cytometry combined with transcriptome technology to provide new insights into the phenotypic heterogeneity of different cell subpopulations of Schizochytrium sp. Furthermore, these results lay a strong foundation for guiding the breeding of oleaginous microorganisms with high lipid contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Bao
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Hubei Engineering Research Center for Both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuanmin Zhu
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Hubei Engineering Research Center for Both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Hubei Engineering Research Center for Both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yumei Feng
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Hubei Engineering Research Center for Both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Hubei Engineering Research Center for Both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ruili Li
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Longjiang Yu
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,Hubei Engineering Research Center for Both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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11
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Wang H, Zhang R, Li E, Yan R, Ma B, Ma Q. Pan-Cancer Transcriptome and Immune Infiltration Analyses Reveal the Oncogenic Role of Far Upstream Element-Binding Protein 1 (FUBP1). Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:794715. [PMID: 35274005 PMCID: PMC8902172 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.794715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing evidence to support the relationship between FUBP1 and tumorigenesis in some types of cancers, there have been no analyses from a pan-cancer perspective. Here, we are the first to investigate the putative oncogenic role of FUBP1 in 33 cancer types based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Dysregulated FUBP1 expression was observed in most cancer types, and high FUBP1 expression suggests poor prognosis in cancers such as ACC, KICH, LIHC, LUAD, LUSC, SARC, CESC, and SKCM. Missense mutation is the most common type of FUBP1 mutation, and R430 in KH_4 is a predominant mutation site. Enhanced phosphorylation of FUBP1 at the S120 site has been observed in clear cell RCC, lung adenocarcinoma, and pediatric brain cancer specimens from African-American and Asian individuals. The expression of FUBP1 was found to be negatively correlated with the infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes in GBM, HNSC-HPV- and UCEC but positively correlated with that of tumor-associated fibroblasts in CESC, ESCA, HNSC, LIHC, LUAD, PAAD, and THYM. Furthermore, RNA splicing and spliceosome signaling were predominantly enriched in both GO and KEGG analyses of the functional mechanism of FUBP1. Briefly, this pan-cancer analysis comprehensively revealed the multifaceted characteristics and oncogenic role of FUBP1 in different human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Baoan Ma
- *Correspondence: Qiong Ma, ; Baoan Ma,
| | - Qiong Ma
- *Correspondence: Qiong Ma, ; Baoan Ma,
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12
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Idrissou M, Maréchal A. The PRP19 Ubiquitin Ligase, Standing at the Cross-Roads of mRNA Processing and Genome Stability. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040878. [PMID: 35205626 PMCID: PMC8869861 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
mRNA processing factors are increasingly being recognized as important regulators of genome stability. By preventing and resolving RNA:DNA hybrids that form co-transcriptionally, these proteins help avoid replication-transcription conflicts and thus contribute to genome stability through their normal function in RNA maturation. Some of these factors also have direct roles in the activation of the DNA damage response and in DNA repair. One of the most intriguing cases is that of PRP19, an evolutionarily conserved essential E3 ubiquitin ligase that promotes mRNA splicing, but also participates directly in ATR activation, double-strand break resection and mitosis. Here, we review historical and recent work on PRP19 and its associated proteins, highlighting their multifarious cellular functions as central regulators of spliceosome activity, R-loop homeostasis, DNA damage signaling and repair and cell division. Finally, we discuss open questions that are bound to shed further light on the functions of PRP19-containing complexes in both normal and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhamed Idrissou
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N3, Canada
| | - Alexandre Maréchal
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N3, Canada
- Correspondence:
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13
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Yang Y, Zhang X, Lei Y, Chang G, Zou Y, Yu S, Wu H, Rong H, Lei Z, Xu C. The effects of H22 tumor on the quality of oocytes and the development of early embryos from host mice: A single-cell RNA sequencing approach. Theriogenology 2022; 179:45-59. [PMID: 34826707 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The association between cancer and female reproduction remains largely unknown. Here we investigated the quality of oocytes and the developmental potential of zygotes using H22 tumor-bearing mice model. The results showed that the number of oocytes was decreased in tumor-bearing mice compared with the control mice, and accompanied scattered chromosomes was observed. Further study revealed an abnormal epigenetic reprogramming occurred in the zygotes from the H22 tumor-bearing mice, as exemplified by the aberrant 5hmC/5mC modifications in the pronuclei. Finally, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on the oocytes collected from the H22 tumor-bearing mice. Our data showed that 45 of the 202 differentially expressed genes in tumor-bearing group were closely associated with oocyte quality. Protein interaction analysis indicated that the potential interaction among these 45 genes. Collectively, our study uncovered that the quality of oocytes and early embryonic development were affected by H22 tumor bearing via the altered expression patterns of genes related with reproduction, providing new insights into the reproductive capability of female cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital (School of Clinical Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Nong-Lin-Xia Road 19#, Yue-Xiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yuting Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Gang Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Yan Zou
- The Reproductive Medical Center of Nanning Second People's Hospital, Nanning, 530031, PR China
| | - Siping Yu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Hedong Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zili Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Changlong Xu
- The Reproductive Medical Center of Nanning Second People's Hospital, Nanning, 530031, PR China.
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SF3B14 is involved in the centrosome regulation trough splicing of TUBGCP6 pre-mRNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 588:133-139. [PMID: 34954520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Splicing precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is a critical step to produce physiologically functional protein. Splicing failure not only gives rise to dysfunctional proteins but also generates abnormal protein function, which causes several diseases. Several pre-mRNA splicing factors are reported to regulate mitosis directly at mitotic structures and/or indirectly through controlling the pre-mRNA splicing for mitotic proteins. In this study, we described the mitotic functions of SF3B14, a component of the spliceosomal U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP), which we identified as a candidate involved in mitosis based on the large-scale RNA interference (RNAi) screen of the nucleolar proteome database. We observed that SF3B14 depletion caused prolonged mitosis and several mitotic defects, such as monopolar spindle and chromosome misalignment during metaphase. Although SF3B14 was found in the nucleolar proteome database, our immunofluorescent stainings demonstrated that SF3B14 was predominantly localized in the nucleoplasm and excluded from the nucleolus during interphase. In addition, SF3B14 did not colocalize with specific mitotic structures during mitosis, which is not in line with its direct mitotic function. Notably, we found that the SF3B14 depletion reduced protein levels of TUBGCP6, required for centrosome regulation, and increased the unspliced/spliced ratio of its mRNA. Taken together, we propose that the pre-mRNA of TUBGCP6 is one of the targets for SF3B14 splicing through which SF3B14 controls mitotic chromosome behavior.
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15
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Genome-Wide RNAi Screening Identifies Novel Pathways/Genes Involved in Oxidative Stress and Repurposable Drugs to Preserve Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelial Cell Integrity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121936. [PMID: 34943039 PMCID: PMC8750174 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent infection-inflammation cycles in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients generate a highly oxidative environment, leading to progressive destruction of the airway epithelia. The identification of novel modifier genes involved in oxidative stress susceptibility in the CF airways might contribute to devise new therapeutic approaches. We performed an unbiased genome-wide RNAi screen using a randomized siRNA library to identify oxidative stress modulators in CF airway epithelial cells. We monitored changes in cell viability after a lethal dose of hydrogen peroxide. Local similarity and protein-protein interaction network analyses uncovered siRNA target genes/pathways involved in oxidative stress. Further mining against public drug databases allowed identifying and validating commercially available drugs conferring oxidative stress resistance. Accordingly, a catalog of 167 siRNAs able to confer oxidative stress resistance in CF submucosal gland cells targeted 444 host genes and multiple circuitries involved in oxidative stress. The most significant processes were related to alternative splicing and cell communication, motility, and remodeling (impacting cilia structure/function, and cell guidance complexes). Other relevant pathways included DNA repair and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. The mTOR inhibitor everolimus, the α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist doxazosin, and the Syk inhibitor fostamatinib significantly increased the viability of CF submucosal gland cells under strong oxidative stress pressure. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies to preserve airway cell integrity from the harsh oxidative milieu of CF airways could stem from a deep understanding of the complex consequences of oxidative stress at the molecular level, followed by a rational repurposing of existing "protective" drugs. This approach could also prove useful to other respiratory pathologies.
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16
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Wang K, Li B, Fan P, Ren X, Jiang H. Downregulation of DEAD-box helicase 21 (DDX21) inhibits proliferation, cell cycle, and tumor growth in colorectal cancer via targeting cell division cycle 5-like (CDC5L). Bioengineered 2021; 12:12647-12658. [PMID: 34903139 PMCID: PMC8810101 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2011636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of novel anti-tumor target is crucial for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategy. The study aimed to explore the roles and interaction of DEAD-box helicase 21 (DDX21) and cell division cycle 5-like (CDC5L) in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Levels of DDX21 and CDC5L were detected in colorectal cancer cell lines by RT-qPCR and Western blot assay. The role of DDX21 and CDC5L on the cell proliferation, cell cycle and tumor growth were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The interaction of DDX21 and CDC5L was predicted by The STRING publicly available data and verified by immunoprecipitation. The results showed that DDX21 was dramatically upregulated in colorectal cancer cells. In vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that downregulation of DDX21 suppressed colorectal cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle development, and tumor growth, while overexpression of CDC5L reversed the suppressive effects of DDX21 silencing. Furthermore, DDX21 interacted with CDC5L to exert the tumor-promoting effects in CRC. In summary, the data indicate a novel role for DDX21/CDC5L in the development of CRC, which enrich the therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Baosong Li
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Peng Fan
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, P.R. China
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17
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Dalberto D, Nicolau CC, Rosa De Sousa M, Garcia ALH, Boaretto F, Picada JN, De Souza GMS, Chytry P, Dias JF, Feistel CC, Ferraz ABF, Grivicich I, Da Silva J. Genotoxic effect induced by dried nicotiana tabacum leaves from tobacco barns (kiln-houses) in chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells (V79). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:689-701. [PMID: 34034641 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1930619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nicotiana tabacum is the most cultivated tobacco species in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Workers who handle the plant are exposed to the leaf components during the harvesting process and when separating and classifying the dried leaves. In addition to nicotine, after the drying process, other components may be found including tobacco-specific nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as pesticides residues. The objective of this study was to examine the genotoxicity attributed to the aqueous extract of dried tobacco leaves obtained from tobacco barns using Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells (V79) as a model system by employing alkaline comet assay, micronucleus (MN) and Ames test. MTT assay was used to assess cytotoxicity and establish concentrations for this study. Data demonstrated cell viability > 85% for concentrations of 0.625-5 mg/ml while the comet assay indicated a significant increase in DNA damage at all concentrations tested. A significant elevation of MN and nuclear buds (NBUD) was found for 5 mg/ml compared to control and other dry tobacco leaves concentrations (0.625-2.5 mg/ml). Mutagenicity was not found using the Salmonella/Microsome test (TA98, TA100, and TA102 strains) with and without metabolic activation. The concentration of inorganic elements was determined employing the PIXE technique, and 13 inorganic elements were detected. Using CG/MS nicotine amounts present were 1.56 mg/g dry tobacco leaf powder. Due to the observed genotoxicity in V79 cells, more investigations are needed to protect the health of tobacco workers exposed daily to this complex mixture of toxic substances present in dry tobacco leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Dalberto
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cardoso Nicolau
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Melissa Rosa De Sousa
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Letícia Hilário Garcia
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Boaretto
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Nascimento Picada
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Paola Chytry
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnny Ferraz Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cleverson Costa Feistel
- Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Laboratory. Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Barros Falcão Ferraz
- Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Laboratory. Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ivana Grivicich
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology. Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
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CDC5L promotes early chondrocyte differentiation and proliferation by modulating pre-mRNA splicing of SOX9, COL2A1, and WEE1. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100994. [PMID: 34298017 PMCID: PMC8363834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the spine is a common pathological condition that causes intractable myelopathy and radiculopathy, mainly the result of an endochondral ossification-like process. Our previous genome-wide association study identified six susceptibility loci for OPLL, including the cell division cycle 5-like (CDC5L) gene region. Here, we found CDC5L to be expressed in type II collagen-producing chondrocyte-like fibroblasts in human OPLL specimens, as well as in differentiating ATDC5 chondrocytes. Cdc5l siRNA transfection in murine chondrocytes decreased the expression of the early chondrogenic genes Sox9 and Col2a1, diminished the cartilage matrix production, and enhanced the expression of parathyroid-hormone-related protein (a resting chondrocyte marker). We also showed that Cdc5l shRNA suppressed the growth of cultured murine embryonal metatarsal cartilage rudiments and that Cdc5l knockdown suppressed the growth of ATDC5 cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis revealed that the G2/M cell cycle transition was blocked; our data showed that Cdc5l siRNA transfection enhanced expression of Wee1, an inhibitor of the G2/M transition. Cdc5l siRNA also decreased the pre-mRNA splicing efficiency of Sox9 and Col2a1 genes in both ATDC5 cells and primary chondrocytes; conversely, loss of Cdc5l resulted in enhanced splicing of Wee1 pre-mRNA. Finally, an RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assay revealed that Cdc5l bound directly to these target gene transcripts. Overall, we conclude that Cdc5l promotes both early chondrogenesis and cartilage growth and may play a role in the etiology of OPLL, at least in part by fine-tuning the pre-mRNA splicing of chondrogenic genes and Wee1, thus initiating the endochondral ossification process.
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Weiss B, Allen GE, Kloehn J, Abid K, Jaquier-Gubler P, Curran JA. eIF4E3 forms an active eIF4F complex during stresses (eIF4FS) targeting mTOR and re-programs the translatome. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:5159-5176. [PMID: 33893802 PMCID: PMC8136781 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The eIF4E are a family of initiation factors that bind the mRNA 5′ cap, regulating the proteome and the cellular phenotype. eIF4E1 mediates global translation and its activity is controlled via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. mTOR down-regulation results in eIF4E1 sequestration into an inactive complex with the 4E binding proteins (4EBPs). The second member, eIF4E2, regulates the translatome during hypoxia. However, the exact function of the third member, eIF4E3, has remained elusive. We have dissected its function using a range of techniques. Starting from the observation that it does not interact with 4EBP1, we demonstrate that eIF4E3 recruitment into an eIF4F complex occurs when Torin1 inhibits the mTOR pathway. Ribo-seq studies demonstrate that this complex (eIF4FS) is translationally active during stress and that it selects specific mRNA populations based on 5′ TL (UTR) length. The interactome reveals that it associates with cellular proteins beyond the cognate initiation factors, suggesting that it may have ‘moon-lighting’ functions. Finally, we provide evidence that cellular metabolism is altered in an eIF4E3 KO background but only upon Torin1 treatment. We propose that eIF4E3 acts as a second branch of the integrated stress response, re-programming the translatome to promote ‘stress resistance’ and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Weiss
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - George Edward Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Kloehn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karim Abid
- Catecholamine and Peptides Laboratory, Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Jaquier-Gubler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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Zhang HY, Li J, Ouyang YC, Meng TG, Zhang CH, Yue W, Sun QY, Qian WP. Cell Division Cycle 5-Like Regulates Metaphase-to-Anaphase Transition in Meiotic Oocyte. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:671685. [PMID: 34277613 PMCID: PMC8282184 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.671685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality of oocytes is a vital factor for embryo development. Meiotic progression through metaphase I usually takes a relatively long time to ensure correct chromosome separation, a process that is critical for determining oocyte quality. Here, we report that cell division cycle 5-like (Cdc5L) plays a critical role in regulating metaphase-to-anaphase I transition during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. Knockdown of Cdc5L by small interfering RNA injection did not affect spindle assembly but caused metaphase I arrest and subsequent reduced first polar body extrusion due to insufficient anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome activity. We further showed that Cdc5L could also directly interact with securin, and Cdc5L knockdown led to a continuous high expression level of securin, causing severely compromised meiotic progression. The metaphase-to-anaphase I arrest caused by Cdc5L knockdown could be rescued by knockdown of endogenous securin. In summary, we reveal a novel role for Cdc5L in regulating mouse oocyte meiotic progression by interacting with securin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yong Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying-Chun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tie-Gang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ping Qian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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21
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Multiple-Molecule Drug Design Based on Systems Biology Approaches and Deep Neural Network to Mitigate Human Skin Aging. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113178. [PMID: 34073305 PMCID: PMC8197996 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin aging is affected by various biological signaling pathways, microenvironment factors and epigenetic regulations. With the increasing demand for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals to prevent or reverse skin aging year by year, designing multiple-molecule drugs for mitigating skin aging is indispensable. In this study, we developed strategies for systems medicine design based on systems biology methods and deep neural networks. We constructed the candidate genomewide genetic and epigenetic network (GWGEN) via big database mining. After doing systems modeling and applying system identification, system order detection and principle network projection methods with real time-profile microarray data, we could obtain core signaling pathways and identify essential biomarkers based on the skin aging molecular progression mechanisms. Afterwards, we trained a deep neural network of drug–target interaction in advance and applied it to predict the potential candidate drugs based on our identified biomarkers. To narrow down the candidate drugs, we designed two filters considering drug regulation ability and drug sensitivity. With the proposed systems medicine design procedure, we not only shed the light on the skin aging molecular progression mechanisms but also suggested two multiple-molecule drugs for mitigating human skin aging from young adulthood to middle age and middle age to old age, respectively.
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22
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Alfeghaly C, Sanchez A, Rouget R, Thuillier Q, Igel-Bourguignon V, Marchand V, Branlant C, Motorin Y, Behm-Ansmant I, Maenner S. Implication of repeat insertion domains in the trans-activity of the long non-coding RNA ANRIL. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:4954-4970. [PMID: 33872355 PMCID: PMC8136789 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs have emerged as critical regulators of cell homeostasis by modulating gene expression at chromatin level for instance. Here, we report that the lncRNA ANRIL, associated with several pathologies, binds to thousands of loci dispersed throughout the mammalian genome sharing a 21-bp motif enriched in G/A residues. By combining ANRIL genomic occupancy with transcriptomic analysis, we established a list of 65 and 123 genes potentially directly activated and silenced by ANRIL in trans, respectively. We also found that Exon8 of ANRIL, mainly made of transposable elements, contributes to ANRIL genomic association and consequently to its trans-activity. Furthermore, we showed that Exon8 favors ANRIL's association with the FIRRE, TPD52L1 and IGFBP3 loci to modulate their expression through H3K27me3 deposition. We also investigated the mechanisms engaged by Exon8 to favor ANRIL's association with the genome. Our data refine ANRIL's trans-activity and highlight the functional importance of TEs on ANRIL's activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raphael Rouget
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Valérie Igel-Bourguignon
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, INSERM, UMS2008 IBSLor, Epitranscriptomics and RNA Sequencing (EpiRNA-Seq) Core Facility, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Virginie Marchand
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, INSERM, UMS2008 IBSLor, Epitranscriptomics and RNA Sequencing (EpiRNA-Seq) Core Facility, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Yuri Motorin
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
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23
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Saha D, Kundu S. A Molecular Interaction Map of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Its Human Host Reveals Potential Mechanisms of Host Cell Subversion. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:613067. [PMID: 33679637 PMCID: PMC7930833 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.613067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia and septicemia across the world. The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains necessitates the discovery of effective drugs against this notorious pathogen. However, there is a dearth of knowledge on the mechanisms by which this deadly pathogen subverts host cellular machinery. To fill this knowledge gap, our study attempts to identify the potential mechanisms of host cell subversion by building a K. pneumoniae-human interactome based on rigorous computational methodology. The putative host targets inferred from the predicted interactome were found to be functionally enriched in the host's immune surveillance system and allied functions like apoptosis, hypoxia, etc. A multifunctionality-based scoring system revealed P53 as the most multifunctional protein among host targets accompanied by HIF1A and STAT1. Moreover, mining of host protein-protein interaction (PPI) network revealed that host targets interact among themselves to form a network (TTPPI), where P53 and CDC5L occupy a central position. The TTPPI is composed of several inter complex interactions which indicate that K. pneumoniae might disrupt functional coordination between these protein complexes through targeting of P53 and CDC5L. Furthermore, we identified four pivotal K. pneumoniae-targeted transcription factors (TTFs) that are part of TTPPI and are involved in generating host's transcriptional response to K. pneumoniae-mediated sepsis. In a nutshell, our study identifies some of the pivotal molecular targets of K. pneumoniae which primarily correlate to the physiological response of host during K. pneumoniae-mediated sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeya Saha
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Sudip Kundu
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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24
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Chu S, Skidmore ZL, Kunisaki J, Walker JR, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Bryan JN. Unraveling the chaotic genomic landscape of primary and metastatic canine appendicular osteosarcoma with current sequencing technologies and bioinformatic approaches. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246443. [PMID: 33556121 PMCID: PMC7870011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a rare disease in children but is one of the most common cancers in adult large breed dogs. The mutational landscape of both the primary and pulmonary metastatic tumor in two dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma (OSA) was comprehensively evaluated using an automated whole genome sequencing, exome and RNA-seq pipeline that was adapted for this study for use in dogs. Chromosomal lesions were the most common type of mutation. The mutational landscape varied substantially between dogs but the lesions within the same patient were similar. Copy number neutral loss of heterozygosity in mutant TP53 was the most significant driver mutation and involved a large region in the middle of chromosome 5. Canine and human OSA is characterized by loss of cell cycle checkpoint integrity and DNA damage response pathways. Mutational profiling of individual patients with canine OSA would be recommended prior to targeted therapy, given the heterogeneity seen in our study and previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Chu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Zachary L. Skidmore
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Jason Kunisaki
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Jason R. Walker
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Malachi Griffith
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Obi L. Griffith
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey N. Bryan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
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25
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Petasny M, Bentata M, Pawellek A, Baker M, Kay G, Salton M. Splicing to Keep Cycling: The Importance of Pre-mRNA Splicing during the Cell Cycle. Trends Genet 2020; 37:266-278. [PMID: 32950269 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pre-mRNA splicing is a fundamental process in mammalian gene expression, and alternative splicing plays an extensive role in generating protein diversity. Because the majority of genes undergo pre-mRNA splicing, most cellular processes depend on proper spliceosome function. We focus on the cell cycle and describe its dependence on pre-mRNA splicing and accurate alternative splicing. We outline the key cell-cycle factors and their known alternative splicing isoforms. We discuss different levels of pre-mRNA splicing regulation such as post-translational modifications and changes in the expression of splicing factors. We describe the effect of chromatin dynamics on pre-mRNA splicing during the cell cycle. In addition, we focus on spliceosome component SF3B1, which is mutated in many types of cancer, and describe the link between SF3B1 and its inhibitors and the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Petasny
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Mercedes Bentata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Andrea Pawellek
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Mai Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Gillian Kay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Maayan Salton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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26
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Moonlighting in Mitosis: Analysis of the Mitotic Functions of Transcription and Splicing Factors. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061554. [PMID: 32604778 PMCID: PMC7348712 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Moonlighting proteins can perform one or more additional functions besides their primary role. It has been posited that a protein can acquire a moonlighting function through a gradual evolutionary process, which is favored when the primary and secondary functions are exerted in different cellular compartments. Transcription factors (TFs) and splicing factors (SFs) control processes that occur in interphase nuclei and are strongly reduced during cell division, and are therefore in a favorable situation to evolve moonlighting mitotic functions. However, recently published moonlighting protein databases, which comprise almost 400 proteins, do not include TFs and SFs with secondary mitotic functions. We searched the literature and found several TFs and SFs with bona fide moonlighting mitotic functions, namely they localize to specific mitotic structure(s), interact with proteins enriched in the same structure(s), and are required for proper morphology and functioning of the structure(s). In addition, we describe TFs and SFs that localize to mitotic structures but cannot be classified as moonlighting proteins due to insufficient data on their biochemical interactions and mitotic roles. Nevertheless, we hypothesize that most TFs and SFs with specific mitotic localizations have either minor or redundant moonlighting functions, or are evolving towards the acquisition of these functions.
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27
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Tuan NM, Lee CH. Role of Anillin in Tumour: From a Prognostic Biomarker to a Novel Target. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1600. [PMID: 32560530 PMCID: PMC7353083 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Anillin (ANLN), an actin-binding protein, reportedly plays a vital role in cell proliferation and migration, particularly in cytokinesis. Although there have been findings pointing to a contribution of ANLN to the development of cancer, the association of ANLN to cancer remains not fully understood. Here, we gather evidence to determine the applicability of ANLN as a prognostic tool for some types of cancer, and the impact that ANLN has on the hallmarks of cancer. We searched academic repositories including PubMed and Google Scholar to find and review studies related to cancer and ANLN. The conclusion is that ANLN could be a potent target for cancer treatment, but the roles ANLN, other than in cytokinesis and its influence on tumour microenvironment remodeling in cancer development, must be further elucidated, and specific ANLN inhibitors should be found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea;
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28
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Kelemen O, Pla I, Sanchez A, Rezeli M, Szasz AM, Malm J, Laszlo V, Kwon HJ, Dome B, Marko-Varga G. Proteomic analysis enables distinction of early- versus advanced-stage lung adenocarcinomas. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e106. [PMID: 32536039 PMCID: PMC7403673 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A gel‐free proteomic approach was utilized to perform in‐depth tissue protein profiling of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and normal lung tissues from early and advanced stages of the disease. The long‐term goal of this study is to generate a large‐scale, label‐free proteomics dataset from histologically well‐classified lung ADC that can be used to increase further our understanding of disease progression and aid in identifying novel biomarkers. Methods and results Cases of early‐stage (I‐II) and advanced‐stage (III‐IV) lung ADCs were selected and paired with normal lung tissues from 22 patients. The histologically and clinically stratified human primary lung ADCs were analyzed by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. From the analysis of ADC and normal specimens, 4863 protein groups were identified. To examine the protein expression profile of ADC, a peak area‐based quantitation method was used. In early‐ and advanced‐stage ADC, 365 and 366 proteins were differentially expressed, respectively, between normal and tumor tissues (adjusted P‐value < .01, fold change ≥ 4). A total of 155 proteins were dysregulated between early‐ and advanced‐stage ADCs and 18 were suggested as early‐specific stage ADC. In silico functional analysis of the upregulated proteins in both tumor groups revealed that most of the enriched pathways are involved in mRNA metabolism. Furthermore, the most overrepresented pathways in the proteins that were unique to ADC are related to mRNA metabolic processes. Conclusions Further analysis of these data may provide an insight into the molecular pathways involved in disease etiology and may lead to the identification of biomarker candidates and potential targets for therapy. Our study provides potential diagnostic biomarkers for lung ADC and novel stage‐specific drug targets for rational intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kelemen
- Clinical Protein Science and Imaging, Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Indira Pla
- Clinical Protein Science and Imaging, Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Aniel Sanchez
- Clinical Protein Science and Imaging, Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Melinda Rezeli
- Clinical Protein Science and Imaging, Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Attila Marcell Szasz
- Clinical Protein Science and Imaging, Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Cancer Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Chemical Genomics Global Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Johan Malm
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktoria Laszlo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ho Jeong Kwon
- Clinical Protein Science and Imaging, Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Chemical Genomics Global Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Balazs Dome
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Marko-Varga
- Clinical Protein Science and Imaging, Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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29
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Miserazzi A, Perrigault M, Sow M, Gelber C, Ciret P, Lomenech AM, Dalens JM, Weber C, Le Floch S, Lacroix C, Blanc P, Massabuau JC. Proteome changes in muscles, ganglia, and gills in Corbicula fluminea clams exposed to crude oil: Relationship with behavioural disturbances. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 223:105482. [PMID: 32371337 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of online remote control for 24/7 behavioural monitoring can play a key role in estimating the environmental status of aquatic ecosystems. Recording the valve activity of bivalve molluscs is a relevant approach in this context. However, a clear understanding of the underlying disturbances associated with behaviour is a key step. In this work, we studied freshwater Asian clams after exposure to crude oil (measured concentration, 167 ± 28 μg·L-1) for three days in a semi-natural environment using outdoor artificial streams. Three complementary approaches to assess and explore disturbances were used: behaviour by high frequency non-invasive (HFNI) valvometry, tissue contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and proteomic analysis. Two tissues were targeted: the pool adductor muscles - retractor pedal muscle - cerebral and visceral ganglia, which is the effector of any valve movement and the gills, which are on the frontline during contamination. The behavioural response was marked by an increase in valve closure-duration, a decrease in valve opening-amplitude and an increase in valve agitation index during opening periods. There was no significant PAH accumulation in the muscle plus nervous ganglia pool, contrary to the situation in the gills, although the latter remained in the low range of data available in literature. Major proteomic changes included (i) a slowdown in metabolic and/or cellular processes in muscles plus ganglia pool associated with minor toxicological effect and (ii) an increase of metabolic and/or cellular processes in gills associated with a greater toxicological effect. The nature of the proteomic changes is discussed in terms of unequal PAH distribution and allows to propose a set of explanatory mechanisms to associate behaviour to underlying physiological changes following oil exposure. First, the first tissues facing contaminated water are the inhalant siphon, the mantle edge and the gills. The routine nervous activity in the visceral ganglia should be modified by nervous information originating from these tissues. Second, the nervous activity in the visceral ganglia could be modified by its own specific contamination. Third, a decrease in nervous activity of the cerebral ganglia close to the mouth, including some kind of narcosis, could contribute to a decrease in visceral ganglia activity via a decrease or blockage of the downward neuromodulation by the cerebro-visceral connective. This whole set of events can explain the decrease of metabolic activity in the adductor muscles, contribute to initiate the catch mechanism and then deeply modify the valve behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Miserazzi
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, Arcachon, France; CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, Talence, France
| | - M Perrigault
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, Arcachon, France; CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, Talence, France
| | - M Sow
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, Arcachon, France; CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, Talence, France
| | - C Gelber
- Pôles d'études et de Recherche de Lacq, TOTAL, Lacq, France
| | - P Ciret
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, Arcachon, France; CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, Talence, France
| | - A M Lomenech
- Center of Functional Genomics, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - J M Dalens
- Pôles d'études et de Recherche de Lacq, TOTAL, Lacq, France
| | - C Weber
- Pôles d'études et de Recherche de Lacq, TOTAL, Lacq, France
| | | | | | - P Blanc
- CSTJF, TOTAL SA, Pau, France
| | - J C Massabuau
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, Arcachon, France; CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, Talence, France.
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30
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Zhang C, Li Y, Zhao W, Liu G, Yang Q. Circ-PGAM1 promotes malignant progression of epithelial ovarian cancer through regulation of the miR-542-3p/CDC5L/PEAK1 pathway. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3500-3521. [PMID: 32167655 PMCID: PMC7221433 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most common ovarian malignant cancer. Circular RNA is a type of endogenous noncoding RNA and is considered as a novel regulatory molecule in the development and progression of tumors. This study investigated the expression and functions of a circular RNA, circular‐phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (circ‐PGAM1), in EOC tissues and cells. Methods The expression of circ‐PGAM1 and miR‐542‐3p in EOC was analyzed using quantitative RT‐PCR. Immunohistochemistry and western blot were performed to confirm the localization and expression of cell division cycle 5‐like (CDC5L) and pseudopodium enriched atypical kinase 1 (PEAK1) in EOC tissues. Cell lines (CAOV3 and OVCAR3) overexpressing or silencingcirc‐PGAM1 and miR‐542‐3p were established to explore the functions of circ‐PGAM1 and miR‐542‐3p in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, dual‐luciferase reporter assay was performed to study the interactions between circ‐PGAM1 and miR‐542‐3p and between miR‐542‐3p and CDC5L. CCK‐8, transwell, and flow cytometry were used to study the effect of circ‐PGAM1 and miR‐542‐3p on cell biological behaviors including proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. The interaction between CDC5L and the PEAK1 gene promoter was confirmed using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Results Circ‐PGAM1 was upregulated in EOC tissues, whereas linear PGAM1 was not deregulated in EOC tissues. Silencing of circ‐PAGM1 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells and promoted cell apoptosis. MiR‐542‐3p was downregulated in EOC tissues, and miR‐542‐3p overexpression inhibited malignant progression of ovarian cancer cells. Circ‐PGAM1 directly interacted with miR‐542‐3p, with mutual negative feedback between them. CDC5L was a direct target of miR‐542‐3p and played an oncogenic role in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, the CDC5L protein binds directly to the PEAK1 promoter to promote its transcription. PEAK1 overexpression activated ERK1/2 and JAK2 signaling pathways and promoted malignant biological behaviors of ovarian cancer cells. Circ‐PAGM1 silencing combined with miR‐542‐3p overexpression played the greatest anticancer role in vivo. Conclusion The circ‐PGAM1/miR‐542‐3p/CDC5L/PEAK1 pathway played an important role in the progression of ovarian cancer and might be a novel therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wancheng Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guipeng Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Lawal RA, Martin SH, Vanmechelen K, Vereijken A, Silva P, Al-Atiyat RM, Aljumaah RS, Mwacharo JM, Wu DD, Zhang YP, Hocking PM, Smith J, Wragg D, Hanotte O. The wild species genome ancestry of domestic chickens. BMC Biol 2020; 18:13. [PMID: 32050971 PMCID: PMC7014787 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-0738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hybridisation and introgression play key roles in the evolutionary history of animal species. They are commonly observed within several orders in wild birds. The domestic chicken Gallus gallus domesticus is the most common livestock species. More than 65 billion chickens are raised annually to produce meat and 80 million metric tons of egg for global human consumption by the commercial sector. Unravelling the origin of its genetic diversity has major application for sustainable breeding improvement programmes. RESULTS In this study, we report genome-wide analyses for signatures of introgression between indigenous domestic village chicken and the four wild Gallus species. We first assess the genome-wide phylogeny and divergence time across the genus Gallus. Genome-wide sequence divergence analysis supports a sister relationship between the Grey junglefowl G. sonneratii and Ceylon junglefowl G. lafayettii. Both species form a clade that is sister to the Red junglefowl G. gallus, with the Green junglefowl G. varius the most ancient lineage within the genus. We reveal extensive bidirectional introgression between the Grey junglefowl and the domestic chicken and to a much lesser extent with the Ceylon junglefowl. We identify a single case of Green junglefowl introgression. These introgressed regions include genes with biological functions related to development and immune system. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that while the Red junglefowl is the main ancestral species, introgressive hybridisation episodes have impacted the genome and contributed to the diversity of the domestic chicken, although likely at different levels across its geographic range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Akinyanju Lawal
- Cells, Organisms and Molecular Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
- Present Address: The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA.
| | - Simon H Martin
- Present Address: Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Koen Vanmechelen
- Open University of Diversity - Mouth Foundation, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Addie Vereijken
- Technology and Service B.V., Hendrix Genetics, P.O. Box 114, 5830 AC, Boxmeer, The Netherlands
| | - Pradeepa Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Raed Mahmoud Al-Atiyat
- Genetics and Biotechnology, Animal Science Department, Agriculture Faculty, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan
| | | | - Joram M Mwacharo
- Small Ruminant Genomics, International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), P.O. Box 5689, ILRI-Ethiopia Campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Paul M Hocking
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Jacqueline Smith
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - David Wragg
- Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, The Roslin Institute, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Olivier Hanotte
- Cells, Organisms and Molecular Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
- Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, The Roslin Institute, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK.
- LiveGene, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P. O. 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Zhang Z, Mao W, Wang L, Liu M, Zhang W, Wu Y, Zhang J, Mao S, Geng J, Yao X. Depletion of CDC5L inhibits bladder cancer tumorigenesis. J Cancer 2020; 11:353-363. [PMID: 31897231 PMCID: PMC6930429 DOI: 10.7150/jca.32850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 5-like (CDC5L) protein is a cell cycle regulator of the G2/M transition and has been reported to participate in the catalytic step of pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing and DNA damage repair. Recently, CDC5L was also found to act as a candidate oncogene in osteosarcoma and cervical tumours. However, the role of CDC5L expression in bladder cancer remains unclear. Here, we analysed the expression and clinical significance of CDC5L in bladder cancer tissues. The expression of CDC5L in fresh bladder cancer tissues and paraffin-embedded slices was evaluated by western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. We found that CDC5L was highly expressed in bladder cancer. The expression of CDC5L was significantly associated with bladder cancer pathology grade and Ki67 expression. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that high CDC5L expression was an independent prognostic factor for the survival of bladder cancer patients. To determine whether CDC5L could regulate the proliferation of bladder cancer cells, we transfected bladder cancer cells with an interfering RNA targeting CDC5L and then investigated cell proliferation with a cell counting kit (CCK)-8, flow cytometry assays, colony formation and xenograft assay analyses. Our results indicate that knockdown of CDC5L inhibits proliferation of bladder cancer cells. In addition, reduced expression of CDC5L induced apoptosis of bladder cancer cells and inhibited their migration, invasion and EMT. These findings suggest that CDC5L might play an important role in bladder cancer and thus be a promising therapeutic target of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Weipu Mao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Longsheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Mengnan Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Mao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Geng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
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Krajewska M, Dries R, Grassetti AV, Dust S, Gao Y, Huang H, Sharma B, Day DS, Kwiatkowski N, Pomaville M, Dodd O, Chipumuro E, Zhang T, Greenleaf AL, Yuan GC, Gray NS, Young RA, Geyer M, Gerber SA, George RE. CDK12 loss in cancer cells affects DNA damage response genes through premature cleavage and polyadenylation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1757. [PMID: 30988284 PMCID: PMC6465371 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) modulates transcription elongation by phosphorylating the carboxy-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II and selectively affects the expression of genes involved in the DNA damage response (DDR) and mRNA processing. Yet, the mechanisms underlying such selectivity remain unclear. Here we show that CDK12 inhibition in cancer cells lacking CDK12 mutations results in gene length-dependent elongation defects, inducing premature cleavage and polyadenylation (PCPA) and loss of expression of long (>45 kb) genes, a substantial proportion of which participate in the DDR. This early termination phenotype correlates with an increased number of intronic polyadenylation sites, a feature especially prominent among DDR genes. Phosphoproteomic analysis indicated that CDK12 directly phosphorylates pre-mRNA processing factors, including those regulating PCPA. These results support a model in which DDR genes are uniquely susceptible to CDK12 inhibition primarily due to their relatively longer lengths and lower ratios of U1 snRNP binding to intronic polyadenylation sites. Cdk12 is primarily involved in the regulation of DNA damage response (DDR) gene transcription as well as mRNA processing. Here, the authors demonstrate that CDK12 suppresses intronic polyadenylation, and that inhibition of this kinase primarily affects the expression of long genes with higher numbers of polyA sites, features common to many DDR genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Krajewska
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ruben Dries
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Departments of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Andrew V Grassetti
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Sofia Dust
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bandana Sharma
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Daniel S Day
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Nicholas Kwiatkowski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Monica Pomaville
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Oliver Dodd
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Edmond Chipumuro
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tinghu Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Arno L Greenleaf
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Guo-Cheng Yuan
- Departments of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Richard A Young
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Matthias Geyer
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Scott A Gerber
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Rani E George
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Kohama I, Kosaka N, Chikuda H, Ochiya T. An Insight into the Roles of MicroRNAs and Exosomes in Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030428. [PMID: 30917542 PMCID: PMC6468388 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are rare solid tumors, but at least one-third of patients with sarcoma die from tumor-related disease. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a noncoding RNA that regulates gene expression in all cells and plays a key role in the progression of cancers. Recently, it was identified that miRNAs are transferred between cells by enclosure in extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes. The exosome is a 100 nm-sized membraned vesicle that is secreted by many kinds of cells and contains miRNA, mRNA, DNA, and proteins. Cancer uses exosomes to influence not only the tumor microenvironment but also the distant organ to create a premetastatic niche. The progression of sarcoma is also regulated by miRNAs and exosomes. These miRNAs and exosomes can be targeted as biomarkers and treatments. In this review, we summarize the studies of miRNA and exosomes in sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaku Kohama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showamachi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Nobuyoshi Kosaka
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
- Department of Translational Research for Extracellular Vesicles, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Chikuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showamachi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
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35
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Anufrieva KS, Shender VO, Arapidi GP, Lagarkova MA, Govorun VM. The Diverse Roles of Spliceosomal Proteins in the Regulation of Cell Processes. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162019010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Xu G, Li T, Chen J, Li C, Zhao H, Yao C, Dong H, Wen K, Wang K, Zhao J, Xia Q, Zhou T, Zhang H, Gao P, Li A, Pan X. Autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa-associated gene PRPF8 is essential for hypoxia-induced mitophagy through regulating ULK1 mRNA splicing. Autophagy 2018; 14:1818-1830. [PMID: 30103670 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1501251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aged and damaged mitochondria can be selectively degraded by specific autophagic elimination, termed mitophagy. Defects in mitophagy have been increasingly linked to several diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases and other aging-related diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy are not fully understood. Here, we identify PRPF8 (pre-mRNA processing factor 8), a core component of the spliceosome, as an essential mediator in hypoxia-induced mitophagy from an RNAi screen based on a fluorescent mitophagy reporter, mt-Keima. Knockdown of PRPF8 significantly impairs mitophagosome formation and subsequent mitochondrial clearance through the aberrant mRNA splicing of ULK1, which mediates macroautophagy/autophagy initiation. Importantly, autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP)-associated PRPF8 mutant R2310K is defective in regulating mitophagy. Moreover, knockdown of other adRP-associated splicing factors, including PRPF6, PRPF31 and SNRNP200, also lead to ULK1 mRNA mis-splicing and mitophagy defects. Thus, these findings demonstrate that PRPF8 is essential for mitophagy and suggest that dysregulation of spliceosome-mediated mitophagy may contribute to pathogenesis of retinitis pigmentosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Xu
- a State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , National Center of Biomedical Analysis , Beijing , China
| | - Ting Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , National Center of Biomedical Analysis , Beijing , China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , National Center of Biomedical Analysis , Beijing , China
| | - Changyan Li
- b State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center , Beijing Institute of Lifeomics , Beijing , China
| | - Haixin Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , National Center of Biomedical Analysis , Beijing , China
| | - Chengcheng Yao
- a State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , National Center of Biomedical Analysis , Beijing , China
| | - Hua Dong
- a State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , National Center of Biomedical Analysis , Beijing , China
| | - Kaiqing Wen
- a State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , National Center of Biomedical Analysis , Beijing , China
| | - Kai Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , National Center of Biomedical Analysis , Beijing , China
| | - Jie Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , National Center of Biomedical Analysis , Beijing , China
| | - Qing Xia
- a State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , National Center of Biomedical Analysis , Beijing , China
| | - Tao Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , National Center of Biomedical Analysis , Beijing , China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- c Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , China
| | - Ping Gao
- c Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , China
| | - Ailing Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , National Center of Biomedical Analysis , Beijing , China
| | - Xin Pan
- a State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , National Center of Biomedical Analysis , Beijing , China.,d State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
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37
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Winkler C, Rouget R, Wu D, Beullens M, Van Eynde A, Bollen M. Overexpression of PP1-NIPP1 limits the capacity of cells to repair DNA double-strand breaks. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.214932. [PMID: 29898919 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.214932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein NIPP1 (also known as PPP1R8) recruits phosphoproteins for regulated dephosphorylation by the associated protein phosphatase PP1. To bypass the PP1 titration artifacts seen upon NIPP1 overexpression, we have engineered covalently linked fusions of PP1 and NIPP1, and demonstrate their potential to selectively explore the function of the PP1:NIPP1 holoenzyme. By using inducible stable cell lines, we show that PP1-NIPP1 fusions cause replication stress in a manner that requires both PP1 activity and substrate recruitment via the ForkHead Associated domain of NIPP1. More specifically, PP1-NIPP1 expression resulted in the build up of RNA-DNA hybrids (R-loops), enhanced chromatin compaction and a diminished repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), culminating in the accumulation of DSBs. These effects were associated with a reduced expression of DNA damage signaling and repair proteins. Our data disclose a key role for dephosphorylation of PP1:NIPP1 substrates in setting the threshold for DNA repair, and indicate that activators of this phosphatase hold therapeutic potential as sensitizers for DNA-damaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Winkler
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raphael Rouget
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dan Wu
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Monique Beullens
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aleyde Van Eynde
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Bollen
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Li X, Wang X, Song W, Xu H, Huang R, Wang Y, Zhao W, Xiao Z, Yang X. Oncogenic Properties of NEAT1 in Prostate Cancer Cells Depend on the CDC5L–AGRN Transcriptional Regulation Circuit. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4138-4149. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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39
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Liu XM, Wang YK, Liu YH, Yu XX, Wang PC, Li X, Du ZQ, Yang CX. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing reveals that cell division cycle 5-like protein is essential for porcine oocyte maturation. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:1767-1780. [PMID: 29222335 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.809608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) test is used in both basic biological research and assisted reproduction to identify oocytes likely to be developmentally competent. However, the underlying molecular mechanism targeted by the BCB test is still unclear. To explore this question, we first confirmed that BCB-positive porcine oocytes had higher rates of meiotic maturation, better rates of cleavage and development into blastocysts, and lower death rates. Subsequent single-cell transcriptome sequencing on porcine germinal vesicle (GV)-stage oocytes identified 155 genes that were significantly differentially expressed between BCB-negative and BCB-positive oocytes. These included genes such as cdc5l, ldha, spata22, rgs2, paip1, wee1b, and hsp27, which are enriched in functionally important signaling pathways including cell cycle regulation, oocyte meiosis, spliceosome formation, and nucleotide excision repair. In BCB-positive GV oocytes that additionally had a lower frequency of DNA double-strand breaks, the CDC5L protein was significantly more abundant. cdc5l/CDC5L inhibition by short interference (si)RNA or antibody microinjection significantly impaired porcine oocyte meiotic maturation and subsequent parthenote development. Taken together, our single-oocyte sequencing data point to a potential new role for CDC5L in porcine oocyte meiosis and early embryo development, and supports further analysis of this protein in the context of the BCB test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Man Liu
- From the Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yan-Kui Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yun-Hua Liu
- From the Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Yu
- From the Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Pei-Chao Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xuan Li
- From the Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Du
- From the Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Cai-Xia Yang
- From the Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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40
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Han JH, Cai XJ, Sun HJ, Dong GH, He B, Zhang HX, Zhou X, Yan JQ. Identifying dysregulated pathways in postmenopausal osteoporosis through investigation of crosstalk between pathways. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9029-9034. [PMID: 28990094 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify potential dysregulated pathways to further reveal the molecular mechanisms of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) based on pathway‑interaction network (PIN) analysis, which considers crosstalk between pathways. Protein‑protein interaction (PPI) data and pathway information were derived from STRING and Reactome Pathway databases, respectively. According to the gene expression profiles, pathway data and PPI information, a PIN was constructed with each node representing a biological pathway. Principal component analysis was used to compute the pathway activity for each pathway, and the seed pathway was selected. Subsequently, dysregulated pathways were extracted from the PIN based on the seed pathway and the increased classification accuracy, which was measured using the area under the curve (AUC) index according to 5‑fold cross validation. A PIN comprising 2,725 interactions was constructed, which was used to detect dysregulated pathways. Notably, the 'mitotic prometaphase' pathway was selected and defined as a seed pathway. Starting with the seed pathway, network‑based analysis successfully identified one pathway set for PMOP comprising eight dysregulated pathways (such as mitotic prometaphase, resolution of sister chromatid cohesion, mRNA splicing and mRNA splicing‑major) with an AUC score of 0.85, which may provide potential biomarkers for targeted therapy for PMOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Zunyi First People's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Zunyi First People's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, P.R. China
| | - Hou-Jie Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Zunyi First People's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, P.R. China
| | - Ge-Hui Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Zunyi First People's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, P.R. China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Orthopedics, Zunyi First People's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, P.R. China
| | - Han-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zunyi First People's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Zunyi First People's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Qiang Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Zunyi First People's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, P.R. China
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Prp19 Arrests Cell Cycle via Cdc5L in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040778. [PMID: 28387715 PMCID: PMC5412362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-mRNA processing factor 19 (Prp19) is involved in many cellular events including pre-mRNA processing and DNA damage response. Recently, it has been identified as a candidate oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of Prp19 in tumor biology is still elusive. Here, we reported that Prp19 arrested cell cycle in HCC cells via regulating G2/M transition. Mechanistic insights revealed that silencing Prp19 inhibited the expression of cell division cycle 5-like (Cdc5L) via repressing the translation of Cdc5L mRNA and facilitating lysosome-mediated degradation of Cdc5L in HCC cells. Furthermore, we found that silencing Prp19 induced cell cycle arrest could be partially resumed by overexpressing Cdc5L. This work implied that Prp19 participated in mitotic progression and thus could be a promising therapeutic target of HCC.
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Dai L, Mehta A, Mordukhovich I, Just AC, Shen J, Hou L, Koutrakis P, Sparrow D, Vokonas PS, Baccarelli AA, Schwartz JD. Differential DNA methylation and PM 2.5 species in a 450K epigenome-wide association study. Epigenetics 2016; 12:139-148. [PMID: 27982729 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1271853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there is growing evidence that exposure to ambient particulate matter is associated with global DNA methylation and gene-specific methylation, little is known regarding epigenome-wide changes in DNA methylation in relation to particles and, especially, particle components. Using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip, we examined the relationship between one-year moving averages of PM2.5 species (Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Na, Ni, S, Si, V, and Zn) and DNA methylation at 484,613 CpG probes in a longitudinal cohort that included 646 subjects. Bonferroni correction was applied to adjust for multiple comparisons. Bioinformatics analysis of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment was also performed. We observed 20 Bonferroni significant (P-value < 9.4× 10-9) CpGs for Fe, 8 for Ni, and 1 for V. Particularly, methylation at Schlafen Family Member 11 (SLFN11) cg10911913 was positively associated with measured levels of all 3 species. The SLFN11 gene codes for an interferon-induced protein that inhibits retroviruses and sensitizes cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents. Bioinformatics analysis suggests that gene targets may be relevant to pathways including cancers, signal transduction, and cell growth and death. Ours is the first study to examine the epigenome-wide association between ambient particles species and DNA methylation. We found that long-term exposures to specific components of ambient particle pollution, especially particles emitted during oil combustion, were associated with methylation changes in genes relevant to immune responses. Our findings provide insight into potential biologic mechanisms on an epigenetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhen Dai
- a Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Amar Mehta
- a Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Irina Mordukhovich
- a Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Allan C Just
- b Department of Preventive Medicine , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA
| | - Jincheng Shen
- c Department of Biostatistics , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- d Department of Preventive Medicine , Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- a Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - David Sparrow
- e Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System , Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Pantel S Vokonas
- e Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System , Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- a Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Joel D Schwartz
- a Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
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López-Saavedra A, Ramírez-Otero M, Díaz-Chávez J, Cáceres-Gutiérrez R, Justo-Garrido M, Andonegui MA, Mendoza J, Downie-Ruíz Á, Cortés-González C, Reynoso N, Castro-Hernández C, Domínguez-Gómez G, Santibáñez M, Fabián-Morales E, Pruefer F, Luna-Maldonado F, González-Barrios R, Herrera LA. MAD2γ, a novel MAD2 isoform, reduces mitotic arrest and is associated with resistance in testicular germ cell tumors. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2066-76. [PMID: 27315568 PMCID: PMC4968973 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1198863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prolonged mitotic arrest in response to anti-cancer chemotherapeutics, such as DNA-damaging agents, induces apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe, and senescence. Disruptions in mitotic checkpoints contribute resistance to DNA-damaging agents in cancer. MAD2 has been associated with checkpoint failure and chemotherapy response. In this study, a novel splice variant of MAD2, designated MAD2γ, was identified, and its association with the DNA damage response was investigated. Methods: Endogenous expression of MAD2γ and full-length MAD2 (MAD2α) was measured using RT-PCR in cancer cell lines, normal foreskin fibroblasts, and tumor samples collected from patients with testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). A plasmid expressing MAD2γ was transfected into HCT116 cells, and its intracellular localization and checkpoint function were evaluated according to immunofluorescence and mitotic index. Results: MAD2γ was expressed in several cancer cell lines and non-cancerous fibroblasts. Ectopically expressed MAD2γ localized to the nucleus and reduced the mitotic index, suggesting checkpoint impairment. In patients with TGCTs, the overexpression of endogenous MAD2γ, but not MAD2α, was associated with resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Likewise, cisplatin induced the overexpression of endogenous MAD2γ, but not MAD2α, in HCT116 cells. Conclusions: Overexpression of MAD2γ may play a role in checkpoint disruption and is associated with resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy in TGCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro López-Saavedra
- a Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer , Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan) - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Del. Tlalpan , Mexico D.F
| | - Miguel Ramírez-Otero
- a Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer , Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan) - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Del. Tlalpan , Mexico D.F
| | - José Díaz-Chávez
- a Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer , Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan) - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Del. Tlalpan , Mexico D.F
| | - Rodrigo Cáceres-Gutiérrez
- a Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer , Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan) - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Del. Tlalpan , Mexico D.F
| | - Monserrat Justo-Garrido
- a Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer , Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan) - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Del. Tlalpan , Mexico D.F
| | - Marco A Andonegui
- a Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer , Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan) - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Del. Tlalpan , Mexico D.F
| | - Julia Mendoza
- a Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer , Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan) - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Del. Tlalpan , Mexico D.F
| | - Ángela Downie-Ruíz
- a Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer , Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan) - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Del. Tlalpan , Mexico D.F
| | - Carlo Cortés-González
- a Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer , Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan) - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Del. Tlalpan , Mexico D.F
| | - Nancy Reynoso
- a Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer , Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan) - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Del. Tlalpan , Mexico D.F
| | - Clementina Castro-Hernández
- a Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer , Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan) - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Del. Tlalpan , Mexico D.F
| | - Guadalupe Domínguez-Gómez
- a Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer , Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan) - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Del. Tlalpan , Mexico D.F
| | - Miguel Santibáñez
- a Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer , Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan) - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Del. Tlalpan , Mexico D.F
| | - Eunice Fabián-Morales
- a Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer , Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan) - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Del. Tlalpan , Mexico D.F
| | - Franz Pruefer
- a Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer , Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan) - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Del. Tlalpan , Mexico D.F
| | - Fernando Luna-Maldonado
- a Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer , Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan) - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Del. Tlalpan , Mexico D.F
| | - Rodrigo González-Barrios
- a Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer , Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan) - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Del. Tlalpan , Mexico D.F
| | - Luis A Herrera
- a Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer , Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan) - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Del. Tlalpan , Mexico D.F
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Expression and Clinical Role of Cdc5L as a Novel Cell Cycle Protein in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:795-805. [PMID: 26553251 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3937-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell division cycle 5-like (Cdc5L), as a pre-mRNA splicing factor, is a regulator of mitotic progression. Previous study found that deletion of endogenous Cdc5L decreases the cell viability via dramatic mitotic arrest, while the role of Cdc5L in cancer biology remains under debate. AIMS To investigate the involvement of Cdc5L in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS In this study, the expression of Cdc5L was evaluated by Western blot in 8 paired fresh HCC tissues and immunohistochemistry on 116 paraffin-embedded slices. We treated HCC cells by nocodazole to analyze the role of Cdc5L in mitotic progress. To determine whether Cdc5L could regulate the proliferation of HCC cells, we increased endogenous Cdc5L and analyzed the proliferation of HCC cells using Western blot, CCK8, flow cytometry assays, and colony formation analyses. Furthermore, Cdc5L-siRNA oligos were used to confirm that Cdc5L plays an essential role in HCC development. RESULTS Cdc5L was highly expressed in HCC and significantly associated with multiple clinicopathological factors, including AJCC stage, tumor size, and Ki-67. Besides, univariate and multivariate survival analyses demonstrated that high Cdc5L expression was an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients' poor survival. Overexpression of Cdc5L favors cell cycle progress of HCC cells, while downregulation of Cdc5L results in cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and reduced cell proliferation of HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that Cdc5L could play an important role in the tumorigenesis of HCC and thus be a potential therapeutical target to prevent HCC progression.
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Evaluation of gene expression level of CDC5L and MACC1 in poor prognosis and progression of osteosarcoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:8153-7. [PMID: 26715275 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidences have indicated that osteosarcoma is strongly associated with abnormal genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to the abnormal expression of oncogenes or methylation of tumor suppressor genes. In the present study, MACC1 and CDC5L mRNA levels in the patients with osteosarcoma were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR. Our results demonstrated that CDC5L mRNA levels were higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal tissues (2.713 ± 0.738 vs. 1.071 ± 0.629; P < 0.05). Moreover, MACC1 was upregulated in tumor bone tissues than in adjacent normal tissues (3.221 ± 0. 624 vs. 1.427 ± 0.456; P < 0.05). Our result demonstrated that high expression of CDC5L was significantly related to advanced TNM stage (P = 0.032). No significant difference was determined between CDC5L mRNA expression and other clinicopathological parameters including age, gender, tumor diameter, location, tumor grade, and histological type. In addition, overexpression of MACC1 was strongly correlated with advanced TNM stage (P = 0.027) and high tumor grade (P = 0.035). Our findings indicated that mRNA level of CDC5L is correlated with advanced TNM stage, and MACC1 may be involved in progression of osteosarcoma.
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46
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Expression of CDC5L is associated with tumor progression in gliomas. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:4093-103. [PMID: 26490980 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 5-like (CDC5L) protein is a cell cycle regulator of the G2/M transition and has been reported to participate in the catalytic step of pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing and DNA damage repair. Recently, it was also found to act as a candidate oncogene in osteosarcoma and cervical tumors. However, the role of CDC5L expression in tumor biology was still unclear. Here, we analyzed the expression and clinical significance of CDC5L in gliomas. The expression of CDC5L in fresh glioma tissues and paraffin-embedded slices was evaluated by western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. We found that CDC5L was highly expressed in glioma tissues. The expression of CDC5L was significantly associated with glioma pathology grade and Ki-67 expression. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that high CDC5L expression was an independent prognostic factor for glioma patients' survival. To determine whether CDC5L could regulate the proliferation of glioma cells, we transfected glioma cells with interfering RNA target CDC5L, then investigated cell proliferation with cell counting kit (CCK)-8, flow cytometry assays and colony formation analyses. Our results indicated that knockdown of CDC5L would inhibit proliferation of glioma cells. Besides, reduced expression of CDC5L could induce the apoptosis of glioma cells. These findings suggested that CDC5L might play an important role in glioma and thus be a promising therapeutic target of glioma.
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47
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Maeda M, Hasegawa H, Sugiyama M, Hyodo T, Ito S, Chen D, Asano E, Masuda A, Hasegawa Y, Hamaguchi M, Senga T. Arginine methylation of ubiquitin-associated protein 2-like is required for the accurate distribution of chromosomes. FASEB J 2015; 30:312-23. [PMID: 26381755 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-268987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Proper bioriented attachment of microtubules and kinetochores is essential for the precise distribution of duplicated chromosomes to each daughter cell. An aberrant kinetochore-microtubule attachment results in chromosome instability, which leads to cellular transformation or apoptosis. In this article, we show that ubiquitin-associated protein 2-like (UBAP2L) is necessary for correct kinetochore-microtubule attachment. Depletion of UBAP2L inhibited chromosome alignment in metaphase and delayed progression to anaphase by activating spindle assembly checkpoint signaling. In addition, UBAP2L knockdown increased side-on attachment of kinetochores along the microtubules and suppressed stable kinetochore fiber formation. A proteomics analysis identified protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT)1 as a direct interaction partner of UBAP2L. UBAP2L has an arginine- and glycine-rich motif called the RGG/RG or GAR motif in the N terminus. Biochemical analysis confirmed that arginine residues in the RGG/RG motif of UBAP2L were directly methylated by PRMT1. Finally, we demonstrated that the RGG/RG motif of UBAP2L is essential for the proper alignment of chromosomes in metaphase for the accurate distribution of chromosomes. Our results show a possible role for arginine methylation in UBAP2L for the progression of mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Maeda
- *Division of Cancer Biology, Division of Neurogenetics, and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hitoki Hasegawa
- *Division of Cancer Biology, Division of Neurogenetics, and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mai Sugiyama
- *Division of Cancer Biology, Division of Neurogenetics, and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshinori Hyodo
- *Division of Cancer Biology, Division of Neurogenetics, and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoko Ito
- *Division of Cancer Biology, Division of Neurogenetics, and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dan Chen
- *Division of Cancer Biology, Division of Neurogenetics, and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eri Asano
- *Division of Cancer Biology, Division of Neurogenetics, and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akio Masuda
- *Division of Cancer Biology, Division of Neurogenetics, and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- *Division of Cancer Biology, Division of Neurogenetics, and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michinari Hamaguchi
- *Division of Cancer Biology, Division of Neurogenetics, and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Senga
- *Division of Cancer Biology, Division of Neurogenetics, and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Nancy MM, Nora RM, Rebeca MC. Peptidic tools applied to redirect alternative splicing events. Peptides 2015; 67:1-11. [PMID: 25748022 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Peptides are versatile and attractive biomolecules that can be applied to modulate genetic mechanisms like alternative splicing. In this process, a single transcript yields different mature RNAs leading to the production of protein isoforms with diverse or even antagonistic functions. During splicing events, errors can be caused either by mutations present in the genome or by defects or imbalances in regulatory protein factors. In any case, defects in alternative splicing have been related to several genetic diseases including muscular dystrophy, Alzheimer's disease and cancer from almost every origin. One of the most effective approaches to redirect alternative splicing events has been to attach cell-penetrating peptides to oligonucleotides that can modulate a single splicing event and restore correct gene expression. Here, we summarize how natural existing and bioengineered peptides have been applied over the last few years to regulate alternative splicing and genetic expression. Under different genetic and cellular backgrounds, peptides have been shown to function as potent vehicles for splice correction, and their therapeutic benefits have reached clinical trials and patenting stages, emphasizing the use of regulatory peptides as an exciting therapeutic tool for the treatment of different genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martínez-Montiel Nancy
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular Microbiana, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
| | - Rosas-Murrieta Nora
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
| | - Martínez-Contreras Rebeca
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular Microbiana, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico.
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Naro C, Bielli P, Pagliarini V, Sette C. The interplay between DNA damage response and RNA processing: the unexpected role of splicing factors as gatekeepers of genome stability. Front Genet 2015; 6:142. [PMID: 25926848 PMCID: PMC4397863 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome integrity is constantly threatened by endogenous and exogenous factors. However, its preservation is ensured by a network of pathways that prevent and/or repair the lesion, which constitute the DNA damage response (DDR). Expression of the key proteins involved in the DDR is controlled by numerous post-transcriptional mechanisms, among which pre-mRNA splicing stands out. Intriguingly, several splicing factors (SFs) have been recently shown to play direct functions in DNA damage prevention and repair, which go beyond their expected splicing activity. At the same time, evidence is emerging that DNA repair proteins (DRPs) can actively sustain the DDR by acting as post-transcriptional regulator of gene expression, in addition to their well-known role in the mechanisms of signaling and repair of the lesion. Herein, we will review these non-canonical functions of both SFs and DRPs, which suggest the existence of a tight interplay between splicing regulation and canonical DNA safeguard mechanisms ensuring genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Naro
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy ; Laboratory of Neuroembryology, Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Bielli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy ; Laboratory of Neuroembryology, Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Pagliarini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy ; Laboratory of Neuroembryology, Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Sette
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy ; Laboratory of Neuroembryology, Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome, Italy
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