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Singh S, Parthasarathi KTS, Bhat MY, Gopal C, Sharma J, Pandey A. Profiling Kinase Activities for Precision Oncology in Diffuse Gastric Cancer. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2024; 28:76-89. [PMID: 38271566 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2023.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. This is due to the fact that majority of the cases of GC are diagnosed at an advanced stage when the treatment options are limited and prognosis is poor. The diffuse subtype of gastric cancer (DGC) under Lauren's classification is more aggressive and usually occurs in younger patients than the intestinal subtype. The concept of personalized medicine is leading to the identification of multiple biomarkers in a large variety of cancers using different combinations of omics technologies. Proteomic changes including post-translational modifications are crucial in oncogenesis. We analyzed the phosphoproteome of DGC by using paired fresh frozen tumor and adjacent normal tissue from five patients diagnosed with DGC. We found proteins involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), c-MYC pathway, and semaphorin pathways to be differentially phosphorylated in DGC tissues. We identified three kinases, namely, bromodomain adjacent to the zinc finger domain 1B (BAZ1B), WNK lysine-deficient protein kinase 1 (WNK1), and myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) to be hyperphosphorylated, and one kinase, AP2-associated protein kinase 1 (AAK1), to be hypophosphorylated. LMNA hyperphosphorylation at serine 392 (S392) was demonstrated in DGC using immunohistochemistry. Importantly, we have detected heparin-binding growth factor (HDGF), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), and FTH1 as potential therapeutic targets in DGC, as drugs targeting these proteins are currently under investigation in clinical trials. Although these new findings need to be replicated in larger study samples, they advance our understanding of signaling alterations in DGC, which could lead to potentially novel actionable targets in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrita Singh
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - K T Shreya Parthasarathi
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohd Younis Bhat
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwapeetham University, Kollam, India
| | - Champaka Gopal
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Qu L, Wang F, Chen Y. Protective effect and mechanism research of Phyllanthus emblica Linn. fruit extract on UV-induced photodamage in keratinocytes. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:1945-1959. [PMID: 37076760 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation causes acute and chronic cutaneous effects that may result in photodamage and photoaging. Epidermis keratinocytes, as the closest surface of skin, are susceptible to damage from UV rays. Phyllanthus emblica Linn. fruit (PE) extract, as a medicine and food dual-use plant, contains high levels of polyphenols and possesses multiple pharmacological properties. The present study investigated common and different molecular mechanisms and signaling pathway activations of UVA and UVB stimulated cell damage and photoprotective effect of PE extract against UVA and UVB by Methyl Thiazolyl Tetrazolium (MTT) method, Elisa assay, flow cytometry, differentially expressed genes analysis and western blot analysis. The results showed that UVA exposure (10 J/cm2) reduced HaCaT cell viability significantly, increased the apoptosis rate, elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species level and reduced antioxidant enzyme activities. And UVA irradiation could inhibit the ERK/TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway to downregulate collagen I, collagen III and elastin expressions, resulting in the photoaging of skin cells. We also found UVB exposure (30 mJ/cm2) caused HaCaT cell damage, promoted apoptosis, increased ROS production and induced the release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6 and PGE2). Further, in HaCaT cells, UVB ray was able to induce the activation of apoptosis markers (cleaved PARP1 and cleaved caspase3) through the MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathway using western blot analysis. Pre-treatment of PE extract prevented the UVA and UVB induced photoaging and injury in HaCaT cells through activation of ERK/TGF-β/Smad pathway and inhibition of MAPK/AP-1 pathway, respectively. Therefore, PE extract has the potential to be used as an oral and topical preparation against skin aging and injury induced by UVA and UVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Qu
- Innovation Materials Research and Development Center, Botanee Research Institute, Shanghai Jiyan Bio-Pharmaceutical Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201702, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650106, China
- Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Innovation Materials Research and Development Center, Botanee Research Institute, Shanghai Jiyan Bio-Pharmaceutical Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201702, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650106, China
- Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Yueyue Chen
- Innovation Materials Research and Development Center, Botanee Research Institute, Shanghai Jiyan Bio-Pharmaceutical Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201702, China.
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Role of Ganetespib, an HSP90 Inhibitor, in Cancer Therapy: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Practice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055014. [PMID: 36902446 PMCID: PMC10002602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock proteins are upregulated in cancer and protect several client proteins from degradation. Therefore, they contribute to tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis by reducing apoptosis and enhancing cell survival and proliferation. These client proteins include the estrogen receptor (ER), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), and cytokine receptors. The diminution of the degradation of these client proteins activates different signaling pathways, such as the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB, Raf/MEK/ERK, and JAK/STAT3 pathways. These pathways contribute to hallmarks of cancer, such as self-sufficiency in growth signaling, an insensitivity to anti-growth signals, the evasion of apoptosis, persistent angiogenesis, tissue invasion and metastasis, and an unbounded capacity for replication. However, the inhibition of HSP90 activity by ganetespib is believed to be a promising strategy in the treatment of cancer because of its low adverse effects compared to other HSP90 inhibitors. Ganetespib is a potential cancer therapy that has shown promise in preclinical tests against various cancers, including lung cancer, prostate cancer, and leukemia. It has also shown strong activity toward breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, gastric cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia. Ganetespib has been found to cause apoptosis and growth arrest in these cancer cells, and it is being tested in phase II clinical trials as a first-line therapy for metastatic breast cancer. In this review, we will highlight the mechanism of action of ganetespib and its role in treating cancer based on recent studies.
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Ozcan G. The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in stemness and resistance to chemotherapy in gastric cancer: Future directions for therapeutic targeting. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1082057. [PMID: 36846589 PMCID: PMC9945545 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1082057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a crucial mediator of intra-tumoral heterogeneity, tumor progression, and unresponsiveness to therapy in tumors with hypoxia. Gastric tumors, one of the most aggressive tumors in the clinic, are highly enriched in hypoxic niches, and the degree of hypoxia is strongly correlated with poor survival in gastric cancer patients. Stemness and chemoresistance in gastric cancer are the two root causes of poor patient outcomes. Based on the pivotal role of HIF-1α in stemness and chemoresistance in gastric cancer, the interest in identifying critical molecular targets and strategies for surpassing the action of HIF-1α is expanding. Despite that, the understanding of HIF-1α induced signaling in gastric cancer is far from complete, and the development of efficacious HIF-1α inhibitors bears various challenges. Hence, here we review the molecular mechanisms by which HIF-1α signaling stimulates stemness and chemoresistance in gastric cancer, with the clinical efforts and challenges to translate anti-HIF-1α strategies into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnihal Ozcan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkiye,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkiye,*Correspondence: Gulnihal Ozcan,
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Lu Z, Wang Z, Tu Z, Liu H. HSP90 Inhibitor Ganetespib Enhances the Sensitivity of Mantle Cell Lymphoma to Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Ibrutinib. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:864194. [PMID: 35721157 PMCID: PMC9204102 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.864194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a highly aggressive and heterogeneous B-cell lymphoma. Though Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib has shown great efficacy as a single agent for MCL treatment, the real-world use of ibrutinib is still subject to limitations. Our previous study has shown the treatment with HSP90 inhibitor ganetespib can attack major targets of MCL, luckily complementary to ibrutinib’s targets. In this study, transient ganetespib treatment sensitizes MCL cells to ibrutinib as manifested by the significant decrease of IC50 values, percentages of EdU (5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine) positive cells, and levels of p-AKT and NF-κB after combinational treatment. Additionally, pretreatment with ganetespib enhanced cell cycle arrest induced by ibrutinib at G0/G1 phase and significantly decreased levels of cell cycle promoting proteins CDK2, 4, and 6. Pretreatment with ganetespib also enhanced cell apoptosis induced by ibrutinib through the upregulation of cleaved-caspase 9 and downregulation of BCL-2 in MCL cells at the molecular level. The sequential administration of ganetespib and ibrutinib had similar effects on increasing DNA damage as the transient treatment with ganetespib as demonstrated by the improved percentage of γH2AX and 53BP1 foci. Furthermore, ganetespib significantly increased inhibition of tumor growth mediated by ibrutinib in vivo, confirmed by the changes of the expression levels of Ki-67 and BCL-2 through immunohistochemistry assays. This study indicates that HSP90 inhibitor ganetespib maybe ideal for the combinational use with BTK inhibitor ibrutinib to target major pathogenesis-associated signaling pathways for MCL treatment which may help identify new possibilities for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhigang Tu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhigang Tu, ; Hanqing Liu,
| | - Hanqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhigang Tu, ; Hanqing Liu,
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Lu Z, Yuan S, Ruan L, Tu Z, Liu H. Partitioning defective 6 homolog alpha (PARD6A) promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition via integrin β1-ILK-SNAIL1 pathway in ovarian cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:304. [PMID: 35379775 PMCID: PMC8980072 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04756-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Partitioning-defective protein 6 (Par6) family proteins have been demonstrated to be closely associated with the occurrence and development of cancers. It is well accepted that dysregulation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) greatly contributes to carcinogenesis and metastases of ovarian cancer. So far, the roles of Par6 in EMT of ovarian cancer are not clear. Functional experiments were carried out to study the roles of PARD6A in EMT of ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo, and EMT pathways potentially affected by PARD6A expression were screened. We found that PARD6A was significantly highly expressed in tissues of ovarian cancer patients in III-IV stages, poorly differentiated or with lymphatic metastases versus I-II stages, moderately or well differentiated, or without lymphatic metastases, respectively. PARD6A knockdown suppressed EMT of SKOV3 and A2780 cells in vitro and ovarian cancer metastasis in vivo, while overexpression of PARD6A promoted EMT in HO8910 and OVCAR8 cells. It was indicated that PARD6A affected EMT of ovarian cancer cells through SNAIL1 signaling pathway and subsequently modulated the expression of VIMENTIN and E-cadherin, which was further confirmed by knockdown and overexpression of SNAIL1 experiments. PARD6A was also demonstrated to regulate expression of SNAIL1 by modulating integrin β1 and ILK proteins, specifically it was shown that the transcription of SNAIL1 was regulated by ILK in this study. In addition, expression of ILK in ovarian cancer tissues was demonstrated to be correlated with tumor stages and lymphatic metastases clinically. In this study, we identified a novel role of PARD6A as an inducer of cell migration and invasion, which is likely to play an important role in metastasis of ovarian cancer. The molecular pathways of EMT mediated by PARD6A-Integrin β1-ILK-SNAIL1 and finally implemented by E-cadherin and VIMENTIN may provide a novel strategy for drug development for ovarian cancer therapy in the near future.
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Yüksel C, Gündoğdu SB, Bakırarar B, Çiftçi A, Tez M, YILDIZ BARIS. Relationship between HSP90 protein expression and overall survival and clinicopathological outcomes in gastric cancer patients. POLISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.7551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aim
Gastric cancer is a highly prevalent public health problem with high morbidity and mortality. İt’s primary treatment is surgery. Recently studies involving biological parameters and genetics in gastric cancer are emerging but with many blind spots
Our study aims to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of heat shock proteins (HSP90) expression in patients with resectable gastric cancer.
Methods
One center retrospective clinical study conducted at general surgery clinic at in a local training and research hospital. Our study involves 54 patients who had curative surgery for gastric cancer between 2011 and 2014.
Results
Pathological specimens fixed in formaline and parafin were re-evaluated with HSP90 stain and expression of HSP90 was evaluated. It was seen that only 39 (72.2%) patients had HSP90 expression. Seventeen (31.5%) of these had mild, 13 (24.1%) had moderate, 9 (10.5%) severe expression.
Conclusion
There are various reports in literature about HSP90 expression in gastric cancer which state that it is a prognosticator while some studies say it is not. There are a number of shortcomings of our study as we did not include metastatic tumors, study involves only our patients, low number of patients, single pathologist involvement. This is the first study done in our population on this subject. Further studies could be done to delineate this particular relationship in an effort to possibly identify novel treatments in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Yüksel
- Clinic of Surgical Oncology, Health Science University Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salih Burak Gündoğdu
- Clinic of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Health Science University Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Batuhan Bakırarar
- Ankara University, School of Medicine, Department Biostatistics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Çiftçi
- Clinic of Pathology, Health Science University Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mesut Tez
- Clinic of General Surgery, Health Science University Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - BARIS YILDIZ
- Clinic of General Surgery, Health Science University Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Gutierrez M, Guo R, Giaccone G, Liu SV, Hao Z, Hilton C, Hinson JM, Kris MG, Orlemans EO, Drilon A. Phase 1 multicenter study of the HSP90 inhibitor SNX-5422 plus carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with lung cancers. Lung Cancer 2021; 162:23-28. [PMID: 34655925 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Single-agent heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibition has demonstrated activity in oncogene-driven non-small cell and small cell lung cancers. SNX-5422 is an oral HSP90 inhibitor with increased activity in vitro with the addition of carboplatin and paclitaxel. Therefore, we conducted a phase 1, open-label, multicenter study to evaluate SNX-5422, carboplatin and paclitaxel followed by SNX-5422 maintenance in patients with advanced lung cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS In part 1 (3 + 3 dose escalation), SNX-5422 (50/75/100-mg/m2) was dosed every other day (qod) for 21 days (28-day cycle) for ≤4 cycles; carboplatin (AUC 5)-paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) was administered once every 3 weeks for ≤6 courses. In part 2 (maintenance), subjects who achieved at least stable disease in part 1 received 100 mg/m2 SNX-5422 monotherapy qod for 21 days (28-day cycle). RESULTS Twenty-three patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, n = 20) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC, n = 3) were enrolled. The median age was 60 years and 61% (n = 14/23) had ≥1 prior treatment regimens. The maximum tolerated dose of SNX-5422 was 100 mg/m2 qod in combination with carboplatin-paclitaxel. The most common treatment-related grade 3/4 adverse events (part 1/part 2) were diarrhea (26%/15%) and nausea (9%/0%). In response-evaluable patients with NSCLC, 33% (6/18) had a partial response, 56% (10/18) stable disease, and 11% (2/18) progressive disease. Patients who remained on single-agent SNX-5422 maintenance therapy ≥2 months (n = 9) had cancers enriched for oncogenic drivers (n = 3 KRAS mutation, n = 1 EGFR exon 20 mutation, n = 1 HER2 mutation, and n = 1 RET fusion). CONCLUSIONS The triplet combination of SNX-5422, carboplatin and paclitaxel followed by maintenance SNX-5422 therapy was well-tolerated and showed anti-tumor activity. Cancers for which disease control on single-agent SNX-5422 maintenance was observed were enriched for oncogene-driven NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gutierrez
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Robin Guo
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Stephen V Liu
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zhonglin Hao
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Mark G Kris
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Alexander Drilon
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Liu H, Lu Z, Shi X, Liu L, Zhang P, Golemis EA, Tu Z. HSP90 inhibition downregulates DNA replication and repair genes via E2F1 repression. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100996. [PMID: 34302809 PMCID: PMC8363837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an especially aggressive and highly heterogeneous mature B-cell lymphoma. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is considered an attractive therapeutic target in a variety of cancers, including MCL, but no HSP90 inhibitors have succeeded in the clinical trials to date. Exploring fine mechanisms of HSP90 inhibition in cancer cells may shed light on novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we found that HSP90 knockdown and continuous inhibition with ganetespib inhibited growth of MCL cells in vitro and in vivo. To our surprise, transient exposure over 12 h was almost as efficient as continuous exposure, and treatment with ganetespib for 12 h efficiently inhibited growth and induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of MCL cells. Transcriptome analysis complemented by functional studies was performed to define critical MCL signaling pathways that are exceptionally sensitive to HSP90 inhibition and vital to cell fate. Six genes (cell division cycle 6, cell division cycle 45, minichromosome maintenance 4, minichromosome maintenance 7, RecQ-mediated genome instability 2, and DNA primase polypeptide 1) involved in DNA replication and repair were identified as consistently downregulated in three MCL cell lines after transient ganetespib treatment. E2F1, an important transcription factor essential for cell cycle progression, was identified as a ganetespib target mediating transcriptional downregulation of these six genes, and its stability was also demonstrated to be maintained by HSP90. This study identifies E2F1 as a novel client protein of HSP90 that is very sensitive and worthy of targeting and also finds that HSP90 inhibitors may be useful in combination therapies for MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peishan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Zhigang Tu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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Usman M, Ilyas A, Syed B, Hashim Z, Ahmed A, Zarina S. Serum HSP90-Alpha and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma : A Prospective Biomarker. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:1157-1163. [PMID: 34137356 DOI: 10.2174/0929866528666210616112539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM Current study aims to perform differential protein expression analysis of serum samples from Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and healthy controls in search of potential diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker(s). OBJECTIVE OSCC is diagnosed late, resulting in poor survival and high mortality. Identification of non-invasive prognostic biomarker is of utmost importance for early diagnosis and proper management of the disease; hence we used proteomic approach to identify potential biomarkers from serum. METHODS Serum samples (OSCC n=45 and control n=30) were depleted and proteins were separated using 2-D gel electrophoresis followed by identification by mass spectrometric analysis. Gene expression analysis of identified proteins in malignant and normal tissue was also performed to complement proteomics studies. RESULTS Among differentially expressed proteins, a noteworthy observation was up regulation of Heat shock protein alpha (HSP90α) from serum of oral cancer patients. We also observed elevated levels of Haptoglobin (HP) along with down regulation of Type II keratin cytoskeletal 1(KRT1) and serum Albumin (ALB) in oral cancer patients. Gene expression studies of identified proteins in malignant and normal tissue revealed a similar pattern with the exception of KRT1. We believe that elevated levels of serum HSP90 alpha might be used as a potential biomarker. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the contribution of HSP90 alpha and other identified proteins in oral pathology as pro/anti apoptotic modulators, thus they are being considered as predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Amber Ilyas
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Basir Syed
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, United States
| | - Zehra Hashim
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, United States
| | - Shamshad Zarina
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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Circulating HSPs Levels and Risk of Human Gastrointestinal Related Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09942-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shang D, Hong Y, Xie W, Tu Z, Xu J. Interleukin-1β Drives Cellular Senescence of Rat Astrocytes Induced by Oligomerized Amyloid β Peptide and Oxidative Stress. Front Neurol 2020; 11:929. [PMID: 33013631 PMCID: PMC7493674 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia. With no reliable treatment that delays or reverses the progress of AD, effective medical drugs, and interventions for AD treatment are in urgent need. Clinical success for patients thus relies on gaining a clearer understanding of AD pathogenesis to feed the development of novel and potent therapy strategies. It is well-established that inflammatory processes are involved in the pathology of AD, and recent studies implicated senescence of glial cells as an important player in the progression of AD. Methods: We did a preliminary screen in rat astrocytes for the five most abundant inflammatory factors in neuroinflammation, namely IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β1, and TNF-α, and found that IL-1β could efficiently induce cellular senescence. After that, SA-β-gal staining, immunofluorescence, ELISA, qRT-PCR, and immunoblotting were used to explore the underlying mechanism through which IL-1β mediates cellular senescence of rat astrocytes. Results: IL-1β-induced cellular senescence of rat astrocytes was accompanied by increased total and phosphorylated tau. Further experiments showed that both oligomerized amyloid β (Aβ) and H2O2 treatment can induce cellular senescence in rat astrocytes and increase the production and secretion of IL-1β from these cells. Subsequent mechanistic study revealed that activation of NLRP3 mediates Aβ and H2O2-induced maturation and secretion of IL-1β. Conclusion: Our results suggest that IL-1β mediates senescence in rat astrocytes induced by several common adverse stimuli in AD, implicating IL-1β and NLRP3 as valuable diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Shang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yin Hong
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NCRC-ND), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wangwang Xie
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhigang Tu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhang Y, Ni L, Li Q, Li M, Zhu J, Zhang F, Gu K. Diagnostic, clinicopathologic, therapeutic and prognostic value of Plasma Heat Shock Protein 90 levels in patients with advanced Gastrointestinal Carcinoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:5890-5899. [PMID: 32922531 PMCID: PMC7477406 DOI: 10.7150/jca.46343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a critical molecular chaperone for protein folding, intracellular disposition and regulation of tumor biological behavior in the extracellular space. HSP90 has received much attention due to its specific effect in gastrointestinal cancer. This clinical study sought to determine whether HSP90 in plasma may serve as a biomarker in patients with advanced gastrointestinal carcinoma. Methods: Using human plasma samples of advanced gastrointestinal carcinoma, we investigated the specific value of HSP90 in gastrointestinal cancer from a clinical perspective. Results: In summary, plasma levels of HSP90 were shown to be higher in patients with gastric cancer (GC) or colorectal cancer (CRC) than in controls with benign gastrointestinal diseases. In both GC and CRC patients, HSP90 was significantly associated with live metastasis. Higher HSP90 levels were more frequent in CRC patients with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption habits. Patients with RAS mutations had higher HSP90 levels in CRC. Compared with Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) and Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), HSP90 benefited patients by enhancing diagnostic sensitivity and the Youden index. The levels of HSP90 were inversely associated with short-term efficacy in GC patients who had received fluorouracil/platinum-based advanced first-line treatment. When first-line therapy failed, plasma HSP90 levels in patients with GC were significantly increased. In terms of progression-free survival (PFS), patients with GC or CRC who had low levels of HSP90 were not significantly different from those with high levels of HSP90. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that HSP90 was not an independent prognostic predictor for GC and CRC patients with PFS. However, RAS mutation was an independent prognostic factor for poor PFS in CRC patients. Conclusions: Plasma HSP90 levels have potential diagnostic value in advanced gastrointestinal carcinoma and therapeutic predictive value in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, P. R. China
| | - Longgang Ni
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Dongfang Cancer Hospital, Huainan, Anhui, 232000, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Medical Psychology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, P. R. China
| | - Jiejie Zhu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, P. R. China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, P. R. China
| | - Kangsheng Gu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, P. R. China
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14
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Goyal L, Chaudhary SP, Kwak EL, Abrams TA, Carpenter AN, Wolpin BM, Wadlow RC, Allen JN, Heist R, McCleary NJ, Chan JA, Goessling W, Schrag D, Ng K, Enzinger PC, Ryan DP, Clark JW. A phase 2 clinical trial of the heat shock protein 90 (HSP 90) inhibitor ganetespib in patients with refractory advanced esophagogastric cancer. Invest New Drugs 2020; 38:1533-1539. [PMID: 31898183 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Subsets of esophagogastric (EG) cancers harbor genetic abnormalities, including amplification of HER2, MET, or FGFR2 or mutations in PIK3CA, EGFR, or BRAF. Ganetespib which is a novel triazolone heterocyclic inhibitor of HSP90, is a potentially biologically rational treatment strategy for advanced EG cancers with these gene amplification. This multicenter, single-arm phase 2 trial enrolled patients with histologically confirmed advanced EG cancer with progression on at least one line of systemic therapy. Patients received Ganetespib 200 mg/m2 IV on Days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included: Progression Free Survival (PFS); to correlate the presence of HSP clients with ORR and PFS; evaluating the safety, tolerability and adverse events profile. In this study 26 eligible patients mainly: male 77%, median age 64 years were enrolled. The most common drug-related adverse events were diarrhea (77%), fatigue (65%), elevated ALKP (42%), and elevated AST (38%). The most common grade 3/4 AEs included: leucopenia (12%), fatigue (12%), diarrhea (8%), and elevated ALKP (8%). The ORR of 4% reflects the single patient of 26 who had a complete response and stayed on treatment for more than seventy (70) months. Median PFS and OS was 61 days (2.0 months), 94 days (3.1 months) respectively. Ganetespib showed manageable toxicity. While the study was terminated early due to insufficient evidence of single-agent activity, the durable CR and 2 minor responses suggest that there may be a subset of EG patients who could benefit from this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipika Goyal
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, 223 Bartlett Hall, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Surendra Pal Chaudhary
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, 223 Bartlett Hall, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.
| | - Eunice L Kwak
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, 223 Bartlett Hall, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Thomas A Abrams
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda N Carpenter
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, 223 Bartlett Hall, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jill N Allen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, 223 Bartlett Hall, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Heist
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, 223 Bartlett Hall, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer A Chan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah Schrag
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter C Enzinger
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David P Ryan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, 223 Bartlett Hall, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Clark
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, 223 Bartlett Hall, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
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15
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Chen S, Gu T, Lu Z, Qiu L, Xiao G, Zhu X, Li F, Yu H, Li G, Liu H. Roles of MYC-targeting long non-coding RNA MINCR in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis in non-small cell lung Cancer. Respir Res 2019; 20:202. [PMID: 31481083 PMCID: PMC6724276 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death in the world, and has a relatively low survival rate. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to modulate cancer progression through a variety of molecular mechanisms. We sought to investigate the role and potential mechanism of MYC-induced long non-coding RNA (MINCR) in NSCLC. METHODS Expression levels of MINCR was first identified using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), further confirmed with specimens from 29 NSCLC patients and three cell lines using qRT-PCR. Overexpression and knockdown of MINCR were performed in NSCLC cell lines through MINCR overexpression vectors and synthesized siRNAs, respectively. The roles of MINCR in NSCLC cell lines, such as cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis, were identified by MTT, flow cytometry, and Western blot. The modulation of MINCR-regulated genes, including c-Myc and its downstream effectors, as well as apoptosis-associated genes, was analyzed using Western blot. RESULTS MINCR expression was increased in NSCLC patients from TCGA datasets, and was also significantly increased in our collected specimens from NSCLC patients and NSCLC cell lines. Knocking down of MINCR greatly inhibited the growth of NSCLC cell lines PC9 and A549. In addition, silencing of MINCR induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, silencing of MINCR reduced the expression levels of oncogene c-Myc and its downstream cyclin A, cyclin D, CD4, and CDK2, as well as apoptosis-associated Bcl-2, while significantly increased the expression levels of cleaved PARP-1. In the meantime, overexpression of MINCR remarkably enhanced cell proliferation of PC9 cells and activated c-Myc and its downstream effectors. CONCLUSION MINCR exerted inhibitory effects on the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of NSCLC cells by activating c-Myc and its downstream effectors, suggesting that this lncRNA could be used as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianyi Gu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lipeng Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guoliang Xiao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaozhong Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
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16
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Qiu X, Zhuang M, Lu Z, Liu Z, Cheng D, Zhu C, Liu J. RIPK1 suppresses apoptosis mediated by TNF and caspase-3 in intervertebral discs. J Transl Med 2019; 17:135. [PMID: 31029152 PMCID: PMC6487042 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain has become a serious social and economic burden and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Among a variety of pathophysiological triggers, intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration plays a primary underlying role in causing such pain. Specifically, multiple independent endplate changes have been implicated in the initiation and progression of IVD degeneration. METHODS In this study, we built a signaling network comprising both well-characterized IVD pathology-associated proteins as well as some potentially correlated proteins that have been associated with one or more of the currently known pathology-associated proteins. We then screened for the potential IVD degeneration-associated proteins using patients' normal and degenerative endplate specimens. Short hairpin RNAs for receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 (RIPK1) were constructed to examine the effects of RIPK1 knockdown in primary chondrocyte cells and in animal models of caudal vertebra intervertebral disc degeneration in vivo. RESULTS RIPK1 was identified as a potential IVD degeneration-associated protein based on IVD pathology-associated signaling networks and the patients' degenerated endplate specimens. Construction of the short hairpin RNAs was successful, with short-term RIPK1 knockdown triggering inflammation in the primary chondrocytes, while long-term knockdown triggered apoptosis through cleavage of the caspase 3 pathway, down-regulated NF-κB and mitogen-activating protein kinase (MAPK)s cascades, and decreased cell survival and inflammation. Animal models of caudal vertebra intervertebral disc degeneration further demonstrated that apoptosis was induced by up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) accompanied by down-regulation of NF-κB and MAPKs cascades that are dependent on caspase and RIPK1. CONCLUSIONS These results provide proof-of-concept for developing novel therapies to combat IVD degeneration through interfering with RIPK1-mediated apoptosis signaling pathways especially in patients with RIPK1 abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubin Qiu
- Department of Spine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213003 Jiangsu China
| | - Ming Zhuang
- Department of Spine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213003 Jiangsu China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Spine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213003 Jiangsu China
| | - Dong Cheng
- Department of Spine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213003 Jiangsu China
| | - Chenlei Zhu
- Department of Spine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213003 Jiangsu China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Spine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213003 Jiangsu China
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17
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Hofving T, Sandblom V, Arvidsson Y, Shubbar E, Altiparmak G, Swanpalmer J, Almobarak B, Elf AK, Johanson V, Elias E, Kristiansson E, Forssell-Aronsson E, Nilsson O. 177Lu-octreotate therapy for neuroendocrine tumours is enhanced by Hsp90 inhibition. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:437-449. [PMID: 30730850 PMCID: PMC6391910 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
177Lu-octreotate is an FDA-approved radionuclide therapy for patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) expressing somatostatin receptors. The 177Lu-octreotate therapy has shown promising results in clinical trials by prolonging progression-free survival, but complete responses are still uncommon. The aim of this study was to improve the 177Lu-octreotate therapy by means of combination therapy. To identify radiosensitising inhibitors, two cell lines, GOT1 and P-STS, derived from small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours (SINETs), were screened with 1,224 inhibitors alone or in combination with external radiation. The screening revealed that inhibitors of Hsp90 can potentiate the tumour cell-killing effect of radiation in a synergistic fashion (GOT1; false discovery rate <3.2×10-11). The potential for Hsp90 inhibitor ganetespib to enhance the anti-tumour effect of 177Lu-octreotate in an in vivo setting was studied in the somatostatin receptor-expressing GOT1 xenograft model. The combination led to a larger decrease in tumour volume relative to monotherapies and the tumour-reducing effect was shown to be synergistic. Using patient-derived tumour cells from eight metastatic SINETs, we could show that ganetespib enhanced the effect of 177Lu-octreotate therapy for all investigated patient tumours. Levels of Hsp90 protein expression were evaluated in 767 SINETs from 379 patients. We found that Hsp90 expression was upregulated in tumour cells relative to tumour stroma in the vast majority of SINETs. We conclude that Hsp90 inhibitors enhance the tumour-killing effect of 177Lu-octreotate therapy synergistically in SINET tumour models and suggest that this potentially promising combination should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hofving
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence should be addressed to T Hofving:
| | - Viktor Sandblom
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Arvidsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emman Shubbar
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gülay Altiparmak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John Swanpalmer
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bilal Almobarak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Elf
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Viktor Johanson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Elias
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Kristiansson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Forssell-Aronsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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18
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Rostami-Nejad M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Mansouri V, Akbari Z, Abdi S. Impact of proteomics investigations on gastric cancer treatment and diagnosis. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2019; 12:S1-S7. [PMID: 32099594 PMCID: PMC7011056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the epidemics diseases with a high mortality rate in different countries. It causes many health problems in the world every year. It affects the digestive tract, and in advanced cases, its treatment has many difficulties. Early detection of cancer in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract can be accompanied by inexpensive treatment. As cancer cells make different biomarkers during different stages of the disease, researchers are looking for different biomarkers for gastrointestinal cancers detection. On the other hand, with the advent of advanced techniques such as proteomics and the discovery of a large number of proteins related to gastrointestinal cancer, finding the role of these proteins is essential. Indeed, the function of large amounts of these proteins has remained unknown. Data from databases such as genes and proteins associated with gastrointestinal cancers were collected and the proteomic data of these databases were analyzed to find a clear perspective of the impact of proteomics in gastric cancer management. The role of heat shock proteins, metabolic proteins, membrane binding proteins, galectins, prohibitins, S100 proteins, and many different types of proteins in gastric cancer was highlighted. This article reviewed proteomic researches in cancer-related areas of the gastric cancer in order to evaluate the findings of researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Mansouri
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Akbari
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Abdi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Liu N, Jin Z, Zhang J, Jin J. Antitumor evaluation of novel phenothiazine derivatives that inhibit migration and tubulin polymerization against gastric cancer MGC-803 cells. Invest New Drugs 2018; 37:188-198. [PMID: 30345465 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two novel series of 1,2,3-triazole-phenothiazine hybrids and dithiocarbamate-phenothiazine hybrids were designed and synthesized by molecular hybridization strategy. Their antiproliferative activity against three gastric cancer cell lines (MKN28, MGC-803 and MKN45) were evaluated. Among them, hybrid 13h displayed the most potent inhibitory activity against gastric cancer MGC-803 cells with an IC50 value of 1.2 μM. Hybrid 13h could inhibit migration by regulating the expression level of N-cadherin, E-cadherin, Vimentin, and actived-MMP2. Furthermore, it could regulate wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway on MGC-803 cells in a concentration-dependent manner by decreasing the expression level of Wnt5α, β-catenin and TCF4. From the tubulin polymerization assay results in vitro, hybrid 13h was a novel tubulin polymerization inhibitor. By oral administration assay, compound 13h could effectively inhibit MGC-803 xenograft tumor growth in vivo without obvious side effects. In summary, compound 13h might be an orally active antitumor agent with clinical applications to the treatment of gastric cancer. Graphical abstract Antitumor mechanisms of novel phenothiazine derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Department of pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Zhe Jin
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Jianjun Jin
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
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20
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Ganetespib targets multiple levels of the receptor tyrosine kinase signaling cascade and preferentially inhibits ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6829. [PMID: 29717218 PMCID: PMC5931511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ErbB2-targeted therapeutics have significantly improved ErbB2+ breast cancer patient outcomes, therapeutic resistance remains a significant challenge. Therefore, the development of novel ErbB2-targeting strategies is necessary. Importantly, ErbB2 is a sensitive client protein of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), which regulates client protein folding, maturation, and stabilization. HSP90 inhibition provides an alternative therapeutic strategy for ErbB2-targeted degradation. In particular, ganetespib, a novel HSP90 inhibitor, is a promising agent for ErbB2+ cancers. Nevertheless, the anti-cancer efficacy and clinical application of ganetespib for ErbB2+ breast cancer is largely unknown. In our study, we examined the anti-cancer effects of ganetespib on ErbB2+ BT474 and SKBR3 breast cancer cells, and isogenic paired cancer cell lines with lentivirus-mediated ErbB2 overexpression. Ganetespib potently inhibited cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, survival, and activation/phosphorylation of ErbB2 and key downstream effectors in ErbB2+ breast cancer cells. Moreover, ganetespib decreased the total protein levels of HSP90 client proteins and reduced ErbB2 protein half-life. ErbB2-overexpressing cancer cells were also more sensitive to ganetespib-mediated growth inhibition than parental cells. Ganetespib also strikingly potentiated the inhibitory effects of lapatinib in BT474 and SKBR3 cells. Ultimately, our results support the application of ganetespib-mediated HSP90 inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy for ErbB2+ breast cancer.
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21
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Small molecule inhibitor screening identifified HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG as potential therapeutic agent for gallbladder cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26169-26184. [PMID: 28412732 PMCID: PMC5432248 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a lethal cancer with poor prognosis associated with high invasiveness and poor response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. New therapeutic approaches are urgently needed in order to improve survival and response rates of GBC patients. We screened 130 small molecule inhibitors on a panel of seven GBC cell lines and identified the HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG as one of the most potent inhibitory drugs across the different lines. We tested the antitumor efficacy of 17-AAG and geldanamycin (GA) in vitro and in a subcutaneous preclinical tumor model NOD-SCID mice. We also evaluated the expression of HSP90 by immunohistochemistry in human GBC tumors.In vitro assays showed that 17-AAG and GA significantly reduced the expression of HSP90 target proteins, including EGFR, AKT, phospho-AKT, Cyclin B1, phospho-ERK and Cyclin D1. These molecular changes were consistent with reduced cell viability and cell migration and promotion of G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis observed in our in vitro studies.In vivo, 17-AAG showed efficacy in reducing subcutaneous tumors size, exhibiting a 69.6% reduction in tumor size in the treatment group compared to control mice (p < 0.05).The HSP90 immunohistochemical staining was seen in 182/209 cases of GBC (87%) and it was strongly expressed in 70 cases (33%), moderately in 58 cases (28%), and weakly in 54 cases (26%).Our pre-clinical observations strongly suggest that the inhibition of HSP90 function by HSP90 inhibitors is a promising therapeutic strategy for gallbladder cancer that may benefit from new HSP90 inhibitors currently in development.
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22
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Ge H, Yan Y, Guo L, Tian F, Wu D. Prognostic role of HSPs in human gastrointestinal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:351-359. [PMID: 29391812 PMCID: PMC5774472 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s155816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been reported to be overexpressed in a wide range of human tumors. It has been shown that HSPs act as an oncogenic regulator and are involved in tumorigenesis. The clinical and prognostic significance of HSPs in gastrointestinal cancers (GICs) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to assess the prognostic value of HSPs in GICs. Materials and methods A literature search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase databases. Data on the relationship between expression of HSPs and survival outcomes were extracted. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CI were calculated. Results The expression of HSPs was not associated with the overall survival (OS) of GIC patients; however, it was significantly associated with worse OS for gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Conclusion Current evidence suggests that a high level of HSPs may not be a potential marker to predict the survival rate for every type of GICs. However, the expression of HSPs may predict a poor prognosis for GC and CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery
| | - Yan Yan
- Quality Control Department, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi Medical University, Huichuan, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | | | - Fei Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery
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23
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Zhang B, Lai Y, Li Y, Shu N, Wang Z, Wang Y, Li Y, Chen Z. Antineoplastic activity of isoliquiritigenin, a chalcone compound, in androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells linked to G2/M cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 821:57-67. [PMID: 29277717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Isoliquiritigenin is a natural chalcone derived from Glycyrrhiza, which has been reported to have anti-tumor activity in recent years. Here, we investigate the anticancer efficacy and associated mechanisms of isoliquiritigenin in human prostate cancer PC-3 and 22RV1 cells. Isoliquiritigenin (25-50μM) inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis, and caused G2/M cell cycle arrest in vitro. This agent also repressed the growth of PC-3 xenograft tumors in vivo with the results of hematoxylin/eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining showing differences between isoliquiritigenin-treated groups and control group. Next, we used microarray transcriptional profiling to identify isoliquiritigenin-regulated genes on PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Multiple genes involved in cell cycle, DNA damage, and apoptosis signaling pathways were changed remarkably with the treatment of isoliquiritigenin. Molecular studies revealed that G2/M arrest was associated with a decrease in cyclin B1, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), and phosphorylated CDK1 (Thr14, Tyr15, and Thr161), whereas the expression of 14-3-3σ and growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 alpha (GADD45A) was increased. The complexes of cyclin B1-CDK1 were also examined to show a decrease in the binding of CDK1 with cyclin B1. In addition, treatment with relatively high concentrations of isoliquiritigenin induced apoptosis, mainly associated with enhancing apoptosis regulator (Bax/Bcl-2) ratio. Collectively, these findings indicate that isoliquiritigenin modulates cyclin B1-CDK1 for G2/M arrest, together with an alteration of cell cycle regulators and apoptotic factors in human prostate cancer cells. However, we observed pleiotropic effects for isoliquiritigenin in microarray results, suggesting that other biological mechanisms also contribute to its efficacy, which could be of interest for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyan Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Lai
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Shu
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunsen Li
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zijun Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Shang D, Wu Y, Ding Y, Lu Z, Shen Y, Zhu F, Liu H, Zhu C, Tu Z. Identification of a pyridine derivative inducing senescence in ovarian cancer cell lines via P21 activation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 45:452-460. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Shang
- School of Pharmacy; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
- Institute of Life Sciences; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Yanfang Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Ya Ding
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- School of Pharmacy; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Yanting Shen
- School of Pharmacy; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Feifei Zhu
- Institute of Life Sciences; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Chunyin Zhu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Zhigang Tu
- Institute of Life Sciences; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
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25
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Chettiar ST, Malek R, Annadanam A, Nugent KM, Kato Y, Wang H, Cades JA, Taparra K, Belcaid Z, Ballew M, Manmiller S, Proia D, Lim M, Anders RA, Herman JM, Tran PT. Ganetespib radiosensitization for liver cancer therapy. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 17:457-66. [PMID: 26980196 PMCID: PMC4910914 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1156258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapies for liver cancer particularly those including radiation are still inadequate. Inhibiting the stress response machinery is an appealing anti-cancer and radiosensitizing therapeutic strategy. Heat-shock-protein-90 (HSP90) is a molecular chaperone that is a prominent effector of the stress response machinery and is overexpressed in liver cancer cells. HSP90 client proteins include critical components of pathways implicated in liver cancer cell survival and radioresistance. The effects of a novel non-geldanamycin HSP90 inhibitor, ganetespib, combined with radiation were examined on 3 liver cancer cell lines, Hep3b, HepG2 and HUH7, using in vitro assays for clonogenic survival, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, γH2AX foci kinetics and client protein expression in pathways important for liver cancer survival and radioresistance. We then evaluated tumor growth delay and effects of the combined ganetespib-radiation treatment on tumor cell proliferation in a HepG2 hind-flank tumor graft model. Nanomolar levels of ganetespib alone exhibited liver cancer cell anti-cancer activity in vitro as shown by decreased clonogenic survival that was associated with increased apoptotic cell death, prominent G2-M arrest and marked changes in PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/MAPK client protein activity. Ganetespib caused a supra-additive radiosensitization in all liver cancer cell lines at low nanomolar doses with enhancement ratios between 1.33–1.78. These results were confirmed in vivo, where the ganetespib-radiation combination therapy produced supra-additive tumor growth delay compared with either therapy by itself in HepG2 tumor grafts. Our data suggest that combined ganetespib-radiation therapy exhibits promising activity against liver cancer cells, which should be investigated in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivarajan T Chettiar
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences , Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Reem Malek
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences , Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Anvesh Annadanam
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences , Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Katriana M Nugent
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences , Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Yoshinori Kato
- b The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.,c Department of Oncology , Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Hailun Wang
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences , Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Jessica A Cades
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences , Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Kekoa Taparra
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences , Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.,d Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Zineb Belcaid
- e Department of Neurosurgery , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Matthew Ballew
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences , Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Sarah Manmiller
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences , Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - David Proia
- f Synta Pharmaceuticals Corp. , Lexington , MD , USA
| | - Michael Lim
- c Department of Oncology , Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.,e Department of Neurosurgery , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Robert A Anders
- g Department of Pathology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Joseph M Herman
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences , Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.,c Department of Oncology , Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences , Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.,c Department of Oncology , Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.,d Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.,h Department of Urology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
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Lee H, Saini N, Parris AB, Zhao M, Yang X. Ganetespib induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells through targeting of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:967-974. [PMID: 28713919 PMCID: PMC5564404 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) regulates several important cellular processes via its repertoire of 'client proteins'. These client proteins have been found to play fundamental roles in signal transduction, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and survival, as well as other features of malignant cells, such as invasion, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Thus, HSP90 is an emerging target for cancer therapy. To this end, we evaluated ganetespib (STA-9090), a novel and potent HSP90 inhibitor, for its activity in gastric cancer cell lines. Ganetespib significantly inhibited the proliferation of AGS and N87 human gastric cancer cell lines and potently induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Upregulation of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (c-PARP), c-caspase-3, c-caspase-8 and c-caspase-9 and suppression of gastric cancer‑associated HSP90 client proteins, including ErbB2, Erk, Akt, mTOR, GSK3 and Src, were observed in ganetespib-treated cells. These findings demonstrate that the ganetespib-induced mechanism of cell growth inhibition involves the activation of death receptor and mitochondrial pathways and the inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways. Our study implicates ganetespib as a potential strategy for gastric cancer treatment, which warrants further preclinical and clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Lee
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Nipun Saini
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Amanda B Parris
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Xiaohe Yang
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
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Klameth L, Rath B, Hamilton G. In vitro Cytotoxic Activities of the Oral Platinum(IV) Prodrug Oxoplatin and HSP90 Inhibitor Ganetespib against a Panel of Gastric Cancer Cell Lines. J Cancer 2017; 8:1733-1743. [PMID: 28819369 PMCID: PMC5556635 DOI: 10.7150/jca.17816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer exhibits a poor prognosis and is the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Chemotherapy of metastatic gastric cancer is based on combinations of platinum drugs and fluoropyrimidines, with added agents. Oxoplatin is a stable oral platinum(IV) prodrug which is converted to a highly active tetrachlorido(IV) complex under acidic conditions. In the present work, we studied the cytotoxic effects of oxoplatin against a panel of four gastric cancer cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, the role of HSP90 in chemoresistance of these lines was investigated using the specific inhibitor ganetespib. The KATO-III, MKN-1, MKN-28, MKN-45 lines were used in MTT chemosensitivity, cell cycle and apoptosis assays. KATO-III is a signet ring diffuse cell type, MKN-1 an adenosquamous primary, MKN-28 a well-differentiated intestinal type and the MKN-45 a poorly differentiated, diffuse type gastric carcinoma line. Cytotoxicity was tested in MTT assays and intracellular signal transduction with proteome profiler Western blot arrays. Interactions of platinum drugs and ganetespib were calculated with help of the Chou-Talalay method. The prodrug oxoplatin revealed low activity against the four gastric cancer cell lines, whereas the platinum tetrachlorido(IV) complex and cisplatin gave IC50 values of 1-3 µg/ml with increasing chemoresistance observed in the order of MKN-1, KATO-III, MKN-28 to MKN-45. With exception of KATO-III and MKN-28/oxoplatin, all other cell lines featured marked synergistic toxicity with clinically achievable concentrations of ganetespib. Oral administration of a platinum agent such as oxoplatin would be of great value for patients and care providers alike. These results suggest that the oncogene-stabilizing HSP90 chaperone represents an important mediator of chemoresistance in gastric cancer. Ganetespib reduced the phosphorylation of p53, Akt1/2/3 and PRAS40, as well as of WNK1, a kinase which regulates intracellular chloride concentrations. Intracellular chloride was reported to control proliferation of gastric cancer cell lines. Expression of MUC1 was not downregulated in contrast to the expression of CAIX, a prognostic marker in gastric cancer. In conclusion, the HSP90 inhibitor ganetespib synergizes with platinum anticancer drugs and modulates intracellular signal transduction in direction of a less proliferative and aggressive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Klameth
- Department for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Rath
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Hamilton
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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28
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Yang YJ, Qi SN, Shi RY, Yao J, Wang LS, Yuan HQ, Jing YX. Induction of apoptotic DNA fragmentation mediated by mitochondrial pathway with caspase-3-dependent BID cleavage in human gastric cancer cells by a new nitroxyl spin-labeled derivative of podophyllotoxin. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:131-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Steatosis induced CCL5 contributes to early-stage liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progress. Transl Res 2017; 180:103-117.e4. [PMID: 27639593 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the major public health threats in China and worldwide. However, during the development of NAFLD, the key mechanism underlying the progression of related fibrosis remains unclear, which greatly impedes the development of optimal NAFLD therapy. In the current study, we were endeavored to characterize a proinflammatory cytokine, CCL5, as a major contributor for fibrosis in NAFLD. The results showed that CCL5 was highly expressed in fatty liver and NASH patients. In NAFLD rats induced by 8-week-HFD, CCL5 and its receptor, CCR5, were significantly up-regulated and liver fibrosis exclusively occurred in this group. In addition, we showed that hepatocytes are the major source contributing to this CCL5 elevation. Interestingly, a CCL5 inhibitor Met-CCL5, significantly decreased liver fibrosis but not hepatic steatosis. Using a cell model of hepatic steatosis, we found that the conditioned medium of lipid-overloaded hepatocytes (Fa2N-4 cells) which produced excessive CCL5 stimulated the profibrotic activities of hepatic stellate cells (LX-2) as manifested by increased migration rate, proliferation and collagen production of LX-2 cells. CCL5 knockdown in Fa2N-4 cells, Met-CCL5 or CCR5 antibody treatment on LX-2 cells all significantly inhibited the conditioned medium of FFA-treated Fa2N-4 cells to exert stimulatory effects on LX-2 cells. Consistently, the conditioned medium of Fa2N-4 cells with CCL5 over-expression significantly enhanced migration rate, cell proliferation and collagen production of LX-2 cells. All these results support that CCL5 produced by steatotic hepatocytes plays an essential role in fibrotic signaling machinery of NAFLD. In addition, we were able to identify C/EBP-β as the up-stream regulator of CCL5 gene transcription in hepatocytes treated with free fatty acid (FFA). Our data strongly supported that CCL5 plays a pivotal regulatory role in hepatic fibrosis during NAFLD, which constitutes a novel and exciting observation that may call for potential future development of specific CCL5-targeted NAFLD therapy.
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30
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Huang H, Chen Z, Ni X. Tissue transglutaminase-1 promotes stemness and chemoresistance in gastric cancer cells by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 242:194-202. [PMID: 27660242 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216670541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a common malignancy, and is one of the most frequent causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Recently, members of the transglutaminases (TGM) family, especially TGM2, have been implicated in the progression and drug resistance of cancers, but the function of TGM1 in cancer development has been largely overlooked. In this study, we demonstrate the roles of TGM1 in development of gastric cancer. We found that expression levels of TGM1 were upregulated in both gastric cancer tissues and cultured gastric cancer cells, and that TGM1 expression levels were correlated with patient survival. In cultured gastric cancer cells, loss of TGM1 expression inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis, as well increased gastric cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs and reducing stemness. These results strongly supported the participation of TGM1 in the regulation of gastric cancer development. In addition, we found evidence that the mechanism of action of TGM1 in regulating gastric cancer cell might involve the Wnt signaling pathway, as loss of TGM1 expression in gastric cancer cells led to a significant suppression of Wnt signaling activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Huang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Oilfield General Hospital of Daqing, Daqing 163001, China
| | - Zhiqi Chen
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Oilfield General Hospital of Daqing, Daqing 163001, China
| | - Xiuqin Ni
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
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31
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Leal MF, Wisnieski F, de Oliveira Gigek C, do Santos LC, Calcagno DQ, Burbano RR, Smith MC. What gastric cancer proteomic studies show about gastric carcinogenesis? Tumour Biol 2016; 37:9991-10010. [PMID: 27126070 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a complex, heterogeneous, and multistep disease. Over the past decades, several studies have aimed to determine the molecular factors that lead to gastric cancer development and progression. After completing the human genome sequencing, proteomic technologies have presented rapid progress. Differently from the relative static state of genome, the cell proteome is dynamic and changes in pathologic conditions. Proteomic approaches have been used to determine proteome profiles and identify differentially expressed proteins between groups of samples, such as neoplastic and nonneoplastic samples or between samples of different cancer subtypes or stages. Therefore, proteomic technologies are a useful tool toward improving the knowledge of gastric cancer molecular pathogenesis and the understanding of tumor heterogeneity. This review aimed to summarize the proteins or protein families that are frequently identified by using high-throughput screening methods and which thus may have a key role in gastric carcinogenesis. The increased knowledge of gastric carcinogenesis will clearly help in the development of new anticancer treatments. Although the studies are still in their infancy, the reviewed proteins may be useful for gastric cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ferreira Leal
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04038-032, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Disciplina de Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitão da Cunha - 1° andar, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Wisnieski
- Disciplina de Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitão da Cunha - 1° andar, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina de Oliveira Gigek
- Disciplina de Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitão da Cunha - 1° andar, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Caires do Santos
- Disciplina de Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitão da Cunha - 1° andar, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle Queiroz Calcagno
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, 66073-000, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rommel Rodriguez Burbano
- Laboratório de Citogenética Humana, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marilia Cardoso Smith
- Disciplina de Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitão da Cunha - 1° andar, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kadioglu O, Efferth T. Peptide aptamer identified by molecular docking targeting translationally controlled tumor protein in leukemia cells. Invest New Drugs 2016; 34:515-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-016-0339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Raja SM, Desale SS, Mohapatra B, Luan H, Soni K, Zhang J, Storck MA, Feng D, Bielecki TA, Band V, Cohen SM, Bronich TK, Band H. Marked enhancement of lysosomal targeting and efficacy of ErbB2-targeted drug delivery by HSP90 inhibition. Oncotarget 2016; 7:10522-35. [PMID: 26859680 PMCID: PMC4891137 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs to tumor cells using monoclonal antibodies against oncogenic cell surface receptors is an emerging therapeutic strategy. These strategies include drugs directly conjugated to monoclonal antibodies through chemical linkers (Antibody-Drug Conjugates, ADCs) or those encapsulated within nanoparticles that in turn are conjugated to targeting antibodies (Antibody-Nanoparticle Conjugates, ANPs). The recent FDA approval of the ADC Trastuzumab-TDM1 (Kadcyla; Genentech; San Francisco) for the treatment of ErbB2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer patients has validated the strong potential of these strategies. Even though the activity of ANPs and ADCs is dependent on lysosomal traffic, the roles of the endocytic route traversed by the targeted receptor and of cancer cell-specific alterations in receptor dynamics on the efficiency of drug delivery have not been considered in these new targeted therapies. For example, constitutive association with the molecular chaperone HSP90 is thought to either retard ErbB2 endocytosis or to promote its recycling, traits undesirable for targeted therapy with ANPs and ADCs. HSP90 inhibitors are known to promote ErbB2 ubiquitination, targeting to lysosome and degradation. We therefore hypothesized that ErbB2-targeted drug delivery using Trastuzumab-conjugated nanoparticles could be significantly improved by HSP90 inhibitor-promoted lysosomal traffic of ErbB2. Studies reported here validate this hypothesis and demonstrate, both in vitro and in vivo, that HSP90 inhibition facilitates the intracellular delivery of Trastuzumab-conjugated ANPs carrying a model chemotherapeutic agent, Doxorubicin, specifically into ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells, resulting in improved antitumor activity. These novel findings highlight the need to consider oncogene-specific alterations in receptor traffic in the design of targeted drug delivery strategies. We suggest that combination of agents that enhance receptor endocytosis and lysosomal routing can provide a novel strategy to significantly improve therapy with ANPs and ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikumar M. Raja
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Swapnil S. Desale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Bhopal Mohapatra
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Haitao Luan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Kruti Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Matthew A. Storck
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Dan Feng
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Timothy A. Bielecki
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Vimla Band
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Samuel M. Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tatiana K. Bronich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pathology and Microbiology and Pharmacology and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Yazici O, Sendur MAN, Ozdemir N, Aksoy S. Targeted therapies in gastric cancer and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:471-89. [PMID: 26811601 PMCID: PMC4716053 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i2.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced gastric cancer (AGC) is associated with a high mortality rate and, despite multiple new chemotherapy options, the survival rates of patients with AGC remains poor. After the discovery of targeted therapies, research has focused on the new treatment options for AGC. In the last two decades, many targeted molecules were developed against AGC. Currently, two targeted therapy molecules have been approved for patients with AGC. In 2010, trastuzumab was the first molecule shown to improve survival in patients with HER2-positive AGC as part of a first-line combination regimen. In 2014, ramucirumab was the second targeted molecule to improve survival rates and was suggested as treatment for patients with AGC who had progressed after first-line platinum plus fluoropyrimidine with or without anthracycline chemotherapy. Ramucirumab was the first targeted therapy acting as a single agent in patients with advanced gastroesophageal cancers. Although these two molecules were introduced into clinical use, many other promising molecules have been tested in phase I-II trials. It is obvious that in the near future many different targeted therapies will be in use for treatment of AGC. In this review, the current status of targeted therapies in the treatment of AGC and gastroesophageal junction tumors, including HER (2-3) inhibitors, epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antiangiogenic agents, c-MET inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, agents against other molecular pathways fibroblast growth factor, Claudins, insulin-like growth factor, heat shock proteins, and immunotherapy, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Yazici
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - M Ali Nahit Sendur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Ozdemir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Sercan Aksoy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06100, Turkey
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Schwartz H, Scroggins B, Zuehlke A, Kijima T, Beebe K, Mishra A, Neckers L, Prince T. Combined HSP90 and kinase inhibitor therapy: Insights from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:729-41. [PMID: 26070366 PMCID: PMC4529871 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The merging of knowledge from genomics, cellular signal transduction and molecular evolution is producing new paradigms of cancer analysis. Protein kinases have long been understood to initiate and promote malignant cell growth and targeting kinases to fight cancer has been a major strategy within the pharmaceutical industry for over two decades. Despite the initial success of kinase inhibitors (KIs), the ability of cancer to evolve resistance and reprogram oncogenic signaling networks has reduced the efficacy of kinase targeting. The molecular chaperone HSP90 physically supports global kinase function while also acting as an evolutionary capacitor. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has compiled a trove of data indicating that a large percentage of tumors overexpress or possess mutant kinases that depend on the HSP90 molecular chaperone complex. Moreover, the overexpression or mutation of parallel activators of kinase activity (PAKA) increases the number of components that promote malignancy and indirectly associate with HSP90. Therefore, targeting HSP90 is predicted to complement kinase inhibitors by inhibiting oncogenic reprogramming and cancer evolution. Based on this hypothesis, consideration should be given by both the research and clinical communities towards combining kinase inhibitors and HSP90 inhibitors (H90Ins) in combating cancer. The purpose of this perspective is to reflect on the current understanding of HSP90 and kinase biology as well as promote the exploration of potential synergistic molecular therapy combinations through the utilization of The Cancer Genome Atlas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey Schwartz
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Brad Scroggins
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Abbey Zuehlke
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Toshiki Kijima
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Kristin Beebe
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Alok Mishra
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Len Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Thomas Prince
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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Di Y, He YL, Zhao T, Huang X, Wu KW, Liu SH, Zhao YQ, Fan M, Wu LY, Zhu LL. Methylene Blue Reduces Acute Cerebral Ischemic Injury via the Induction of Mitophagy. Mol Med 2015; 21:420-9. [PMID: 25998511 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of stroke is limited by a short therapeutic window and a lack of effective clinical drugs. Methylene blue (MB) has been used in laboratories and clinics since the 1890s. Few studies have reported the neuroprotective role of MB in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, whether and how MB protects against acute cerebral ischemia (ACI) injury was unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of MB on this injury and revealed that MB protected against ACI injury by augmenting mitophagy. Using a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, we demonstrated that MB improved neurological function and reduced the infarct volume and necrosis after ACI injury. These improvements depended on the effect of MB on mitochondrial structure and function. ACI caused the disorder and disintegration of mitochondrial structure, while MB ameliorated the destruction of mitochondria. In addition, mitophagy was inhibited at 24 h after stroke and MB augmented mitophagy. In an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model in vitro, we further revealed that the elevation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by MB under OGD conditions mediated the augmented mitophagy. In contrast, exacerbating the decline of MMP during OGD abolished the MB-induced activation of mitophagy. Taken together, MB promotes mitophagy by maintaining the MMP at a relatively high level, which contributes to a decrease in necrosis and an improvement in neurological function, thereby protecting against ACI injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Di
- Department of Cognitive Science, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Ling He
- Department of Cognitive Science, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Cognitive Science, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Cognitive Science, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui-Wu Wu
- Department of Cognitive Science, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Hong Liu
- Department of Cognitive Science, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qi Zhao
- Department of Cognitive Science, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Fan
- Department of Cognitive Science, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ying Wu
- Department of Cognitive Science, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhu
- Department of Cognitive Science, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
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Lazenby M, Hills R, Burnett AK, Zabkiewicz J. The HSP90 inhibitor ganetespib: A potential effective agent for Acute Myeloid Leukemia in combination with cytarabine. Leuk Res 2015; 39:617-24. [PMID: 25882550 PMCID: PMC4452084 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
HSP90 is a multi-client chaperone involved in regulating a large array of cellular processes and is commonly overexpressed in many different cancer types including hematological malignancies. Inhibition of HSP90 holds promise for targeting multiple molecular abnormalities and is therefore an attractive target for heterogeneous malignancies such as Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Ganetespib is a highly potent second generation HSP90 inhibitor which we show is significantly more effective against primary AML blasts at nanomolar concentrations when compared with cytarabine (p<0.001). Dose dependant cytotoxicity was observed with an apoptotic response coordinate with the loss of pro-survival signaling through the client protein AKT. Combination treatment of primary blasts with ganetespib and cytarabine showed good synergistic interaction (combination index (CI): 0.47) across a range of drug effects with associated reduction in HSP70 feedback and AKT signaling levels. In summary, we show ganetespib to have high activity in primary AMLs as a monotherapy and a synergistic relationship with cytarabine when combined. The combination of cytotoxic cell death, suppression of cytoprotective/drug resistance mechanisms such as AKT and reduced clinical toxicity compared to other HSP90 inhibitors provide strong rationale for the clinical assessment of ganetespib in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lazenby
- Cardiff Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - R Hills
- Cardiff Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - A K Burnett
- Cardiff Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - J Zabkiewicz
- Cardiff Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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